Podcasts about nitrous

🧭 REBEL Rundown Click here for Direct Download of the Podcast. 💨 What Is Nitrous Oxide? Nitrous Oxide (N2O) is a colorless, odorless inhaled anesthetic that has been used for centuries, particularly in the surgical world. Mechanistically, it can induce euphoria, anxiolysis, and intoxication via NMDA receptor antagonism.During the late twentieth century, nitrous oxide was increasingly used recreationally due its accessibility and perceived benign nature.The modern day slang term for nitrous oxide is “whippets” – which tends to refer to the canisters that contain this agent and are frequently used as whipped cream foaming agents.Despite the legal nature and benign perception of nitrous, frequent use can lead to lasting and permanent neurologic effects. 🧠 How Nitrous Oxide Causes Toxicity Nitrous oxide toxicity results from its ability to oxidize the cobalt moiety in Vitamin-B12, thus leading to a functional B12 deficiency, despite adequate consumption and absorption.1Functioning B12 is needed as a cofactor for methionine synthase.2 This enzyme has two critical roles:The conversion of 5-methyl tetrahydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate; tetrahydrofolate is essential for the synthesis of our DNA.And the conversion of homocysteine to methionine; methionine is needed to maintain the integrity of the myelin sheath of our axons.As a result, nitrous toxicity leads to: a megaloblastic anemia and demyelination of both the dorsal columns and the lateral corticospinal tracts (also known as subacute combined degeneration). 🚶‍️ Clinical Manifestations of Nitrous Oxide Toxicity These patients will have a combination of both upper and lower motor neuron symptoms due to demyelination of the dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal tracts, and peripheral nerves. As a result, the following may manifest:Dorsal Columns: diminished sense of proprioception, vibration, and fine touch.Lateral Corticospinal Tracts: upgoing plantars, hyperreflexia, weakness of voluntary distal muscle controlPeripheral Nerves: numbness/tingling and weakness in a glove and stocking pattern (symptoms that start initially in the feet and hands that progressively spread proximally to the ankles and wrists)Taking all of this into account, patients may present with difficulty ambulating, positive Romberg sign, dysmetria (difficulty with finger to nose or heel to shin), upgoing Babinski reflex, and decreased strength and sensation in a glove and stocking pattern. 🔍 How to Diagnose Nitrous Oxide Neurotoxicity History is key! As with a lot of pathologies in toxicology, identifying the exposure will expedite management.A thorough neurologic exam will narrow the differential – with a particular focus to fine, peripheral motor and sensory deficits, dysmetria, proprioception, and ability to ambulate.Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine may identify enhancement and/or edema of the dorsal columns, specifically on T2 weight axial imaging – sometimes referred to as the “inverted V” or “inverted rabbit ears appearance.”3Serum B12 concentrations may be normal as the issue is with a functional deficiency as opposed to a vitamin absence. However, patients have elevated concentrations of both homocysteine and methylmalonic acid, both of which are metabolized in the presence of functional B12. 💉 Management of Nitrous Oxide Toxicity First and foremost, cessation of nitrous oxide abuse is crucial to limit/prevent toxicity.While there is no universally agreed upon treatment regimen, supplementation with intramuscular B12 is recommended.Approaches vary from daily or every other day injections until symptoms improve at which point injections can be spaced out to weekly and then monthly.Physical and occupational therapy may be needed depending on the degree of functional debility.It is important to note, that depending of the severity and chronicity of toxicity, some proportion of patients may not fully return to their baseline. 📌 Take-Home Points Though legal and seemingly benign, nitrous oxide abuse can lead to permanent neurologic dysfunction.Nitrous oxide toxicity can affect the dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal tracts, and peripheral nerves.Thus leading to a constellation of both upper and lower motor neuron deficits, particular in a glove and stocking pattern: deficits in proprioception and fine motor skills, positive Romberg, upgoing Babinski, peripheral numbness, tingling, and weakness.Magnetic resonance imaging may identify symmetric high signal intensity in the dorsal columns.Treatment includes B12 supplementation and physical/occupational therapy as needed. 📚 References Long H. Chapter 81. Inhalants. In: Nelson LS, et al. Goldfrank’s Toxicologic Emergencies. 11th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2019Shah K, Murphy C. Nitrous Oxide Toxicity: Case Files of the Carolinas Medical Center Medical Toxicology Fellowship. J Med Toxicol. 2019 Oct;15(4):299-303. doi: 10.1007/s13181-019-00726-x. Epub 2019 Aug 6. PMID: 31388940; PMCID: PMC6825085.Schmitz ZP, Hoffman RS. Magnetic resonance imaging in a patient with nitrous oxide-induced subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2023 Nov;61(11):1006-1008. doi: 10.1080/15563650.2023.2286205. Epub 2023 Dec 19. PMID: 38060330. Post Peer Reviewed By: Marco Propersi, DO (Twitter/X: @Marco_propersi), and Mark Ramzy, DO (X: @MRamzyDO) 👤 Associate Editor Anand Swaminathan MD, MPH All Things REBEL EM Meet The Team 🔎 Your Deep-Dive Starts Here REBEL Core Cast – Pediatric Respiratory Emergencies: Beyond Viral Season Welcome to the Rebel Core Content Blog, where we delve ... Pediatrics Read More REBEL Core Cast 143.0–Ventilators Part 3: Oxygenation & Ventilation — Mastering the Balance on the Ventilator When you take the airway, you take the wheel and ... Thoracic and Respiratory Read More REBEL Core Cast 142.0–Ventilators Part 2: Simplifying Mechanical Ventilation – Most Common Ventilator Modes Mechanical ventilation can feel overwhelming, especially when faced with a ... Thoracic and Respiratory Read More REBEL Core Cast 141.0–Ventilators Part 1: Simplifying Mechanical Ventilation — Types of Breathes For many medical residents, the ICU can feel like stepping ... Thoracic and Respiratory Read More REBEL Core Cast 140.0: The Power and Limitations of Intraosseous Lines in Emergency Medicine The sicker the patient, the more likely an IO line ... Procedures and Skills Read More REBEL Core Cast 139.0: Pneumothorax Decompression On this episode of the Rebel Core Cast, Swami takes ... Procedures and Skills Read More Showing Slide 1 of 7 The post REBEL Core Cast—Nitrous Oxide Toxicity: Whippets and Neurologic Injury appeared first on REBEL EM - Emergency Medicine Blog.

This week on Sober Awkward, Vic steps away from alcohol to explore another addiction that is quietly growing across Australia: Nangs.Nitrous oxide, often sold legally and delivered to your door within minutes, is commonly seen as harmless party fun. But for Sam Bramman, what started as a few nangs at a house party quickly spiralled into a devastating addiction that led to psychosis, hospitalisation and a long road to recovery.Sam shares the shocking reality of what happened when nitrous oxide took over his life, including the psychotic episode that saw him drive from Sydney to the Gold Coast before ending up in a psychiatric ward. He talks openly about addiction, recovery and why he believes Australia needs stronger regulation around the sale and delivery of nitrous oxide.Now the founder of the No 2 Nangs campaign, Sam is using his experience to educate young people, support families and push for change. He is also preparing to run 350 kilometres from Sydney to Parliament House in Canberra to raise awareness of the issue and campaign for greater public education around a substance he describes as both legal and lethal.It's an eye-opening conversation about addiction, vulnerability, recovery and a drug many of us know very little about. Follow Sam's work: Instagram: @sambramman TikTok: @stepsforchange

Take the 2026 AI Engineering Survey and get >$2k in credits and AIE WF tickets!On the product side, everyone is getting Computer - Perplexity, Manus, Cursor, and so on. Meanwhile on the research side, agentic evals like TerminalBench and GDPVal are also assuming computer (Harbor). On both ends, the consolidating LLM OS stack has become a standard toolkit, and Daytona is one of a small set of AI Infra companies that are booming because of it.“The end of localhost” has been Ivan Burazin's obsession for more than a decade.Something that is all too familiar…Long before agents became the default way people talked about software development, Ivan was already chasing the idea that development should not depend on a fragile local machine. CodeAnywhere, one of the first browser-based IDEs, was an early attempt at that future: move the development environment into the cloud, make setup reproducible, and free developers from the endless “works on my machine” tax.The thesis was directionally right, but the market wasn't ready yet.However, agents changed that. They do not care about a laptop, desk setup, or favorite editor. They need a computer they can access through an API: something stateful enough to keep working, fast enough to spin up instantly, flexible enough to resize, isolated enough to be safe, and composable enough to run the messy real-world workflows that real software engineering actually requires.Daytona isn't just selling “sandboxes” in the narrow code-execution sense. It is the latest version of Ivan's original localhost thesis.In this episode, Daytona's CEO joins swyx to explain why AI agents need more than code execution boxes: they need composable computers, stateful sandboxes, instant startup, dynamic resources, and infrastructure that can survive workloads going from zero to 100,000 CPUs.We go deep on the new agent compute market: Daytona's hard pivot from human dev environments to AI sandboxes, the New Year's Eve MVP that customers begged for, why Daytona runs on bare metal with its own scheduler, how one customer runs almost 850,000 sandboxes a day, and why RL/eval workloads went from 0% to roughly 50% of usage in just months. Ivan also explains why agents need Windows and macOS machines, why CLI may matter more than MCP, why Kubernetes is painful for this workload, and why the future AI cloud may look more like Stripe than AWS.We discuss:* How Daytona grew out of CodeAnywhere, Shift, and the “end of localhost” thesis* Why Daytona pivoted from human dev environments to AI sandboxes* Why agents need composable computers instead of disposable code execution boxes* The New Year's Eve MVP that customers chased API keys for* Why Daytona chose bare metal, stateful snapshots, and its own scheduler* How Daytona spins up one sandbox in ~60ms and 50,000 sandboxes in ~75 seconds* Why Daytona's biggest customer runs ~850,000 sandboxes a day* How RL/eval workloads create zero-to-100,000 CPU spikes* Why RL workloads went from 0% to roughly 50% of Daytona usage* Why customers compare Daytona against EKS/GKS and say they're “never going back”* Why every AI agent may need a computer, including Windows and macOS environments* The Apple licensing constraints that make macOS sandboxes hard* Why CLI gives agents more power than MCP* How open source helps agents integrate Daytona* Why agent-generated PRs may break today's CI/CD assumptions* Why AI SaaS companies reselling tokens may face a cold shower* Why the AI cloud may look more like Stripe than AWSIvan Burazin* LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/ivanburazin* X: https://x.com/ivanburazinDaytona* Website: https://www.daytona.io* X: https://x.com/daytonaioTimestamps* 00:00:00 Hook* 00:01:12 Introduction* 00:03:15 CodeAnywhere, Shift, and the end of localhost* 00:05:58 What Daytona is: composable computers for AI agents* 00:08:07 The pivot from dev environments to AI sandboxes* 00:10:17 The New Year's Eve MVP and customers begging for API keys* 00:12:56 Bare metal, stateful sandboxes, and Daytona's scheduler* 00:17:28 60ms startup, 50,000 sandboxes, and 850K daily runs* 00:21:53 Spiky RL/eval workloads and the new agent infra problem* 00:28:12 RL workloads, Kubernetes pain, and dynamic resizing* 00:33:31 Why every AI agent needs a computer* 00:38:48 macOS sandboxes and Apple's licensing problem* 00:44:28 Why CLI may matter more than MCP* 00:48:11 Open source, GitHub stars, and agent integration* 00:53:11 Git, CI/CD, and agent collaboration bottlenecks* 00:58:15 Founder life and building a 25-person infra company* 01:02:44 AI SaaS, token resale, and API-first business models* 01:06:10 GPU sandboxes, data centers, and compute growth* 01:09:48 Why the AI cloud may look more like Stripe than AWS* 01:11:26 Closing thoughtsTranscriptIntroduction: Daytona, CodeAnywhere, and the End of LocalhostSwyx [00:00:02]: Okay, we're in the studio with Ivan Burazin, CEO of Daytona. Welcome.Ivan [00:00:07]: Thanks for having me, man.Swyx [00:00:08]: Ivan, you and I go back.Ivan [00:00:10]: Way back.Swyx [00:00:11]: How I don't even know how, you found, did you reach out or, for Shift.Ivan [00:00:17]: I reached out to you. The reason was you - we were just - we were thinking about I was one of the co-founders of CodeAnywhere, the first browser-based IDE, and so we were thinking a long time of, localhost should die. And you had this article.Swyx [00:00:29]: End of localhost.Ivan [00:00:30]: Then I reached out to you because of that, and then we talked, and I was actually at a different job and learning about I was the head of, developer experience, and you were quite well-versed in that, and I actually reached out to you, among other people, how do we go about that? What are the key things and whatnot at this point in time? And you were nice enough to take the call, and I remember I was late on your call with you.Swyx [00:00:51]: I don't remember.Ivan [00:00:52]: I remember because I was with my then I'm thinking of a girlfriend or wife at that point in time, I'm not sure. It's the same person, so that's great, and I was late ‘cause we were, in, Italy on, vacation, and then I was late for something. I felt so bad, and you were so nice to be, good about.Swyx [00:01:10]: The reason I'm nice is because I'm also late to other people, so it's like, who's, who's without sin here, yeah, so I have to, for those who don't know, InfoBip Shift, there's this whole thing that, you did in the past, and, and that was basically one of the inspirations for me starting AI Engineer, which is like, I have to thank you for giving me that push to be like, “Oh, you can, you can build and sell conferences?”Ivan [00:01:34]: I remember you asked you asked me at the beginning to give me advisory shares, and I was so focused on what we were doing, I said no, and I should've took the advisory shares. So I'm sorry, dude. But anyway.Swyx [00:01:43]: We're not, we're not venture backed.Ivan [00:01:44]: No, it doesn't matter.Swyx [00:01:45]: It's Yeah, anyway, so I think what's impressive about you is that CodeAnywhere is the thing that you've been trying to build, and, you kind of put it on hold and then came back after InfoBip. Just give us the story, do you - the story and the origin story, going into Daytona.From CodeAnywhere and Shift to DaytonaIvan [00:02:05]: Sure. Like, really way back, me and my co-founder have been together. I say this, I've said this multiple times, it's like we were married and divorced and married. Some people actually ask me is my co-founder my partner. they thought it literally. It's not literally, but we have done multiple companies together, and to your point, we had this shift where we went from the CodeAnywhere to the conference called Shift, and then back to, Daytona. We originally started stacking servers, doing like virtualization in the early 2000s and, routers and doing basically all these things, at a foundational level, and that was a services company which we sold to focus on what my co-founder actually invented, which was the very first browser-based IDE, right, I say the first. Before us was actually Heroku. They did it for a very short time until they became Heroku. But outside of them, we were the only one, and it was called.Swyx [00:02:55]: There was Cloud9.Ivan [00:02:57]: Cloud9 came out slightly after us. There was Replit, which came out when we stopped doing it, Replit came out, and they have been successful since then, which is great. There was Nitrous.io. There was quite a few that existed at the time, but it was like too early. But the interesting part is that we, at that point in time, because there was no VS Code, there was no Kubernetes, and Docker had just started when we Or I'm not sure if it was even public at that point in time. And so we had to build everything to the whole stack ourselves and that was the key learning that we brought into and that we've been using in Daytona today. So it was super early. There's about 3 million people used CodeAnywhere. It was slightly, it was angel-backed more than venture-backed. We ended up paying everyone back because it didn't have that sort of scale. But, three years ago, we started something similar with Daytona, which is not what we are today, but it was automating dev environments for human engineers, the basically the underlying stack of CodeAnywhere. And then we did a hard pivot last January to sandboxes. And so here we are.Swyx [00:04:01]: Historic pivot, yeah, and, it's one of those things where, I had independently invested in CodeAnywhere, but also in E2B, and then both of you pivoted into the same thing, and I'm like, “F**k.”Ivan [00:04:12]: You invested, you invested in Daytona. You invested in Daytona. But you were the first If we had not got your check, we wouldn't have done it.Swyx [00:04:18]: No way.Ivan [00:04:19]: No, it was like, “We have to get him on board first,” and you were that kicker that we, that got us off the ground.Swyx [00:04:23]: No, because you were putting me on your pitch deck, man. I was like, “Man, this is like a good trip if I don't invest.”Ivan [00:04:29]: That's because it was your quote. It's like we.Swyx [00:04:30]: Yeah. It's the end of localhost.Ivan [00:04:31]: Did a bunch of research about end of localhost and who was interested in that,.Swyx [00:04:34]: No, that's like, I put, I wrote that blog post, and every single company in that field reached out to me, and then every VC who was receiving those pitches then also had to call me and, talk it, talk through it with me.Ivan [00:04:47]: It's finally happening though.Swyx [00:04:48]: It was really super interesting.Ivan [00:04:48]: It's finally happening.Swyx [00:04:49]: It's finally happening.Ivan [00:04:49]: Yeah, it's finally.Swyx [00:04:49]: It's finally happening, with maybe sort of non-human users. Yeah, so what is Daytona today? Let's get like a quick description. I'm wearing the shirt.What Daytona Is Today: Composable Computers for AI AgentsIvan [00:04:58]: You're wearing the shirt. Yes,.Swyx [00:04:59]: It says, I think your branding is very good. Like, it's very consistent. It runs AI code. Like, it cannot be simpler.Ivan [00:05:05]: Exactly, but we're gonna probably have to change that.Swyx [00:05:07]: Oh, s**t.Ivan [00:05:07]: It's also a subset of what we do. Unfortunately, we really love this, Run AI Code is super simple. People interpret it different ways. I think we've given out 5,000, 6,000 of these shirts. People wear them with pride because it doesn't really market about us.Swyx [00:05:21]: Yeah, Daytona's on the back.Ivan [00:05:22]: It markets the back. It markets to the person itself, so I think we did a really good job on that one. But it is also a subset of what we do, because people, when they think about Run AI Code, they just think about these small, let's call it isolates, code execution boxes that, you send some code, you get an output. Whereas what Daytona is today is essentially composable computers for AI agents. It is, the market calls them sandboxes which can be misleading.Swyx [00:05:44]: All these things. All these things on.Ivan [00:05:45]: Yeah, exactly, ‘cause it can be misleading ‘cause people usually think about sandboxes as a demo or a test environment versus a production-grade environment. But what Daytona does, if you think of the laptop that you have in front of you or the computer that's over there, or, my wife is an architect, so she has like a Windows with a 3D graphics card inside to do 3D rendering. Like, as humans, we have different computers or different compositions of computers. And our belief is strongly that agents today and going forward will need all these different compositions of computers to do different types of tasks. And so we offer that basically through an API.Swyx [00:06:19]: Yeah, to give people - I'm trying to sort of front-load all the aha moments or the wow moments so that people can, stay engaged and click like and subscribe. the market is exploding, right? Like, you have been reporting 74% month-on-month growth, and it also, it's just been growing for a while. Like, it's been going like this. And every single - It's not just you guys. It's every single.Ivan [00:06:41]: Everyone, yeah.Swyx [00:06:42]: Sort of, compute provider. I don't know if you agree with me saying compute provider or not.Ivan [00:06:48]: It's fine.Swyx [00:06:48]: Yeah. So like organically PLG-driven growth, but also enterprise is doing super well, I think I wanna rewind to January of last year when you did the pivot. Like, so you obviously called this market early, and you were positioned for it, and you are now one of the market leaders. But what was the insight that made you do the pivot?The Pivot: From Human Dev Environments to Agent SandboxesIvan [00:07:06]: The insight that made us do this pivot is the quarter before that, so end of 2024, when we had - Basically, we did a demo with - I don't I think we discussed this as well, Devin was not public. You actually gave me access to Devin at that time. So Devin.Swyx [00:07:25]: I did?Ivan [00:07:26]: Yeah, you gave me access.Swyx [00:07:26]: I don't think I was supposed.Ivan [00:07:27]: Yeah, exactly.Swyx [00:07:28]: Yeah, I.Ivan [00:07:28]: So it doesn't matter. You.Swyx [00:07:29]: Yeah. I gave like three friends access.Ivan [00:07:31]: Yeah, or it was a call and you showed it to me. It doesn't matter. but OpenDevin was available, which is now called OpenHands. And so we're like, “Oh, this seems to be a thing. This is not public. Let's take our for human automation of dev environments and take, OpenDevin and launch that as a SaaS.” And we did that. Not very many people signed up and used it, but a lot of people reached out that were building agents, and they were like, “Hey, my agent needs a compute sandbox runtime,” whatever you wanna call it. I forgot what it was called at that point. And then we were like, “Oh, amazing. This is a new market. Here is our infrastructure. Here's our product, and go.” And what we found really fast, soon, was that people did not like what we had built. It didn't work. And I remember talking to people at the beginning when we're doing this, the sandbox we're building for agents. People were like, “Oh, why is it different? It's the same thing. We have like EC2, we have VMs, we have all these things.” But we saw that everyone we gave it to, it was like 20, 30 people, they all said, “No.” Like, “This is not what we need. This sort of breaks.” And basically, me and my co-founder not knowing a lot about - ‘cause we're infra people. We're not AI people. So I basically took it upon myself to like watch every single podcast that exists, including all of, all of these and all that, and sort of get up to date, read all the blogs, like get, understand what's going on.Swyx [00:08:45]: Do you wanna shout out who else was useful, just in case people are also looking.Ivan [00:08:49]: Generally we -, I looked at There's a few of podcast, different segments and different types. So there's you guys, No Priors, Bill Gurley's was great while.Swyx [00:09:04]: VG2, yeah.Ivan [00:09:05]: Yeah, while it was around. So there's a few. 20VC is interesting from a different dynamic, and some are different dynamic. But there was, also Red Points.Swyx [00:09:14]: We're not really about the compute market.Ivan [00:09:15]: It was also already - Sorry?Swyx [00:09:16]: You're, you want - You're looking at the agent infra market.Ivan [00:09:19]: I was looking at the agent market and the AI market in general and sort of understanding who are the players, what the perception, and how that goes. And like obviously you complement this with like going to conferences, going to events, going to meetups, reading white papers, like doing all the things that you have to do to understand what's happening. And so when we figured, when we sort of had an idea of what we had to build, literally over the New Year's Eve, literally on New Year's Eve, I half vibe coded the first MVP, first minimal viable product of what Daytona is today. And I went to sleep at like 3:00 AM or something like that. I was doing - I just put my like baby daughter and wife to sleep and, Happy New Year's, and go back to just, doing this. And I sent it to my co-founder, my CTO, and he saw it in the morning. He's like, “This is absolute garbage.” “Do not show this to anybody at all, but the idea is good.” And so he took two weeks, and he rebuilt it.Swyx [00:10:09]: Did it like look like that? Listen, I - It was rough idea.Ivan [00:10:12]: Oh, not even, not even close. Like it was it was way worse. But it was like a very - It was a simplistic view of what it should be. Like, it worked, but it was not ideal. And so he went, we went down the whole, which is his job as CTO, to go, and he came back with this version. We then called all the people that had said like, “This is garbage,” a quarter ago. And we set up these calls, and we gave it to - We just demoed it to everyone. And all the calls went long, every single one. They were 15-minute calls, and they all went to like 25, 30 minutes or whatnot. And everyone said, “We need, we want access.” There was no login, just an API key, ‘cause it was just a beta or an alpha. And they said, “Oh, we want access.” And we're like, “Sure, yeah. Okay, thank you very much.” But after like the next day, if we'd not send it, every single one, like every call that we did, everyone came back, “Where is my API key?” Like everyone wanted it. We're like, “S**t.” Like this is it. Like I've never felt So one, the understanding to your point was like most people thought it was the same infrastructure for humans and agents. We understood a quarter ago it's not. We just didn't know what was the right primitive. And then when we came, and we can talk about what that is, and we gave it to these people, I've never seen, I've never experienced - I've done multiple companies in my life. I've never experienced this, that people literally call you if you do not give them access. Like they want access right now. And so it's like, okay, they don't want this. the thing that they want doesn't seem to exist, or they have not found it, and they really want what we want. And then when we understood that we're onto something, and then when you think about the size of the market, like the market for human engineers and enterprise is a very large market, so think GitLab or whatnot. But the market for every single agent that will exist ever in the future is just like, what is that market? How big is that? And we're like, “We are all in on this.” And so that is where we made sort of the cut between the old product and the new one.Bare Metal, Stateful Sandboxes, and the Lambda + EC2 ModelSwyx [00:12:02]: Yeah. But it wasn't composable at the time?Ivan [00:12:05]: It was very - It was basically just a Linux box that you could change, that you could define number of CPUs, disk, and RAM. Like that is what you could do, but you couldn't have multiple operating systems, you couldn't resize it on the fly, you couldn't add a GPU, you couldn't do like all the things. It was just the, just the first sort of variation of that, yeah.Swyx [00:12:22]: Was it bare metal from the start?Ivan [00:12:24]: It was bare metal from the start. And so the interesting thing that we thought about right away, so our.Swyx [00:12:29]: Which, give people the background, what is the normal path?Ivan [00:12:32]: Yeah, so, basically most providers run this on top of VMs. And also.Swyx [00:12:37]: Firecracker.Ivan [00:12:38]: Yeah, they run on Firecracker and VM. And so we also fire - We can get - We have multiple isolation layers and we can do that. But the common way to do it is that they, one, that the state of the machine, or the hard disk is not part of the sandbox itself. And the other thing is they're not meant to last forever. So most of them are preemptible, like they can There's a time that they can live. And so our thought was when we were going into this is, agents will be like humans in the sense of you don't want your laptop to be shut down until you're done with work. Like, and you want to close the lid and open the lid, it's the same state. So you - Agents would want that, like the pause and come back. They want those two things. But also agents really want speed, right? Can they get it? So when we thought about it's like we need something insanely fast, how to make it fast, how to make it long-running, and stateful. And so those two things, it's like combining a Lambda and an EC2, right? Those two things together. And so we didn't have an idea how others did it, ‘cause we didn't know too that there was a market around this. It was more like, okay, this is what we need, what they need. And we looked at Kubernetes, it wasn't wasn't good enough for that. We looked at Nomad, it didn't enable that. And so our history in rewriting our own scheduler at CodeAnywhere is basically what my CTO came up with. Like, he's like, “Oh, the learnings from there,” and he brought it. And the funny thing is, our third co-founder, when he saw it, he's like, “Dude, what is this? This is like 2008.” Like, we went back in time, and he's like, “Exactly.” And so the reason why Daytona is like super fast, and you see this on benchmarks, is we essentially, we run on bare metal. We have our own scheduler, we use the underlying, disk, CPU, and RAM of the underlying machine, which means your IOPS are insanely fast because there's no, there's no network between an EBS or something like that. But also the snapshot, the point in time, the templates, are also preloaded on the bare metal machines. So when you fire off a sandbox from a template or a snapshot, you're essentially directed to the bare metal machine where that snapshot is based on that NVMe drive, and then it literally just turns on that machine, and it's local. There's no network latency, anything on there. And so that is sort of the specificities that we, when we're thinking from first principles, what a computer would look like for an agent, that is what we came up with, and that's what we created.Benchmarks, 60ms Startup, and 50,000 SandboxesSwyx [00:15:02]: Yeah. I should maybe, I don't know if you endorse this, but there's someone that does compute SDK, you guys do very well on there, with like the TTI, right? I. is this a, is this a is this a relevant benchmark for you guys? I don't know.Ivan [00:15:16]: I don't know, and it changes every day. So today RKL is.Swyx [00:15:18]: I don't know what RKL is. Never heard of it.Ivan [00:15:20]: Yeah. RK, yeah, so it is there.Swyx [00:15:22]: You are, at least a third of the next tier of performance, and then, there's a lot of other better-known names that are very slow to start.Ivan [00:15:31]: Yeah. We've been the number one by far for a long time, and now there's different, there's different definitions also of sandboxes, different isolation patterns, different other things. So RKL runs it literally on the S3, the data, so it's very different, and they spin up a sandbox, spin up a container for that, so it's a different type of thing. So the definition of a sandbox is something that we can all, we all need to get along with. But yeah, we're insanely fast on getting these things, up and running. And so you can see even there that it's a zero point 0.10 to 0.11, so.Swyx [00:16:03]: Close enough. Yeah. what else do you need, right?Ivan [00:16:05]: Yeah. So the benchmarks itself, so, in this, in I don't think the benchmarks equate to market ownership or revenue or anything like that. and I've seen this with multiple benchmarks, not just in sandboxes, but in general benchmarks around.Swyx [00:16:20]: It's table stakes. It's just like.Ivan [00:16:21]: Exactly. But it doesn't hurt.Swyx [00:16:22]: Just roughly check.Ivan [00:16:22]: Like you definitely have to be up there and you have to be competing so that people know that, oh, this is definitely one of the top. Because this is only one dimension of what customers look for. There's other things like how many can you spin up consecutively? There's a feature set, there's support, there's like all different things that people look at, but you definitely have to be there, on the benchmarks.Swyx [00:16:40]: How many people do people spin up consecutively?Ivan [00:16:43]: So we have.Swyx [00:16:43]: Or concurrently, is the Concurrency, right?Ivan [00:16:45]: There's three metrics that we look at. And so one is like time to spin up one, and so our time to spin up one is 60 milliseconds with network latency. So request, spin up, reply, 60, the whole thing, 60 milliseconds. That is one. But if you wanna spin up 50,000 at once, we are now at about 75 seconds. So it takes about 75 seconds to spin up concurrently 50,000. Some others, there's public data around this, like take 2,000 seconds, which is 30 minutes. Like there's different variations of that. And then there is the so it is speed of one, speed of like multiple, and then how many can you consistently have up and running. And so we basically have right now no limit to how much we can add because we basically own our own metal. But the biggest customer of ours does like about 850,000 every single day is sort of where they're, where they're just shy of a million every single day that they're running, we do have a request for half a million concurrent, which is literally half a million CPUs somewhere running. So that's an interesting.Swyx [00:17:44]: They pay by like vCPU seconds.Ivan [00:17:47]: By seconds, yeah.Swyx [00:17:47]: Or whatever. Yeah. Okay, and so and then, and the other thing is, the sleeping and the resuming, ‘cause it's all the stateful resumption of all these things, how, what kind of workload are people putting through this, right? Like how is it Do we measure by gigabytes in memory, gigabytes in storage? I don't In like network attached storage. I, what are the costly ones of, out of all these features?Workload Economics: CPU, RAM, Network, and StorageIvan [00:18:15]: The most expensive thing are CPU.Swyx [00:18:18]: Okay. Yeah, of course.Ivan [00:18:18]: The second one, yeah Then it's RAM, then it's disk. We actually don't charge.Swyx [00:18:22]: Which is snapshotting, right?Ivan [00:18:23]: No, it's actually the, snapshotting's part of it, but basically the size of your hard disk, of your machine. So do you have 10 gigabytes, do you have 20, do you have 50, do you have whatever? And then the transference of that. Right now, currently we don't charge for, network at all at Polychron.Swyx [00:18:37]: Oh, you gotta, yeah, you gotta fix.Ivan [00:18:38]: Yeah. It is very much a it's a larger and larger part of our bill, so we're working around, that part there. Obviously, that is the least, expensive, so the hard disk is the least expensive, so it's basically CPU, RAM, for us network, ‘cause we don't charge the customer, and then hard disk, is how it's split up. But there's also different types of workloads, so we basically split it up into two types of workloads in Daytona. One is what we call background agents or long-running agents. and the other is, basically RLs and evals, which I put sort of together. And so they have very different patterns of usage, and if you look at the usage of a background And I'll just name names of companies, not specifically.Background Agents vs. RL/Evals: Two Usage ShapesSwyx [00:19:21]: Yeah, open, all hands.Ivan [00:19:23]: Yeah. So like a background agent's a Cognition, a Lovable, a like all these things are Harvey. These are all long-running, background agents. And so if you look at their usage patterns, their usage patterns are similar to human, which is like follow the sun. Basically, the usage patterns of that is like noon is probably the highest, and the midnight is the lowest, and then weekends are lower. weekday is higher.Swyx [00:19:42]: Yeah, that's a fun question. How global is it? Is it very US-centric or?Ivan [00:19:46]: The US is a large part, but we have currently, we have Asia, Europe, and the US regions.Swyx [00:19:52]: So it's quite global.Ivan [00:19:53]: Yeah, it's quite global. We have it all over. It's interesting that our I talked to you a bit about this. Our number one city by user.Swyx [00:20:01]: Hmm.Ivan [00:20:02]: Is Singapore.Swyx [00:20:04]: Oh, wow. Amazing.Ivan [00:20:05]: Which is an interesting one, right? Not by revenue, just by just like by individual head count.Swyx [00:20:09]: Really?Ivan [00:20:09]: Just like an interesting thing.Swyx [00:20:10]: Singapore is, Singapore is weirdly high in the adoption charts of AI for the population. It's like an, seven, eight million population. And it's like keeps showing up.Ivan [00:20:20]: No, it's quite interesting. We were quite shocked, and I was like, “Oh, this is interesting.” And also one that's up there.Swyx [00:20:24]: There's a reason I'm doing AI using Singapore. it's because I'm from there.Ivan [00:20:27]: We're there. We're gonna, we're gonna be there as well. and it's interesting that Japan is in the top or like Tokyo's in the top, which is in all the tech cycles it has never been. It has never been, so it's quite interesting that they're.Swyx [00:20:39]: I think the Japanese just love AI. Yeah. It's that, and then it's Brazil. That's it.Ivan [00:20:44]: Brazil has always been in.Swyx [00:20:45]: I think.Ivan [00:20:46]: Even when I look, if you look at like GitHub's data and ask historically with CodeAnywhere, it was always like US, Western Europe, and then you'd have like India, Brazil, China, like that would be there. But like Singapore was not in, specifically Japan was never in sort of that top, that top.Swyx [00:21:01]: Yeah. Weird pockets.Ivan [00:21:01]: Weird. Yeah, so it's very global.Swyx [00:21:02]: Okay, so actually that, but that's helps you to distribute your load through, all time?Ivan [00:21:08]: The interesting thing is like we have those kind of loads, but if you look at the researcher loads, they're quite different. So what they are is like if you give them concurrency of 10,000 or 50,000 or 100,000 CPUs at ARMb, when they fire off a run, it's just 100%. And then it just runs, and then it stops. So it's very, the usage pattern is squares basically, right? And it's also not follow the sun, because people will fire it off at midnight before they go to sleep but then wake up and so it's very unpredictable, so you don't know where that is. So the shapes of the usage are quite different than we have had before. And also what's interesting is when it's sort of a follow the sun, even if you have a high growth company, you can sort of predict your usage patterns and have enough capacity for that, because it's sort of, it grows in a, in a way you can project. When you have companies doing sort of like evals and RL, they're super spiky. So they're gonna come in, it's like, “We're gonna use nothing, then can we have 100,000?” Right? And then go back down. And then 100,000, go back down. So it's very different, right? And.Swyx [00:22:09]: Do you want to lock them into commits so.Ivan [00:22:11]: Yeah, we do.Swyx [00:22:12]: Yeah, okay.Ivan [00:22:12]: We so we have to lock them into some sort of commits to have that capacity, because we have to have, basically we have to have the capacity for peak. Right? And so right now, Daytona's mean utilization is 15%, 1-5.Swyx [00:22:25]: Oh my God.Ivan [00:22:26]: So it's very low.Swyx [00:22:27]: Because it's very spiky.Ivan [00:22:27]: It's very spiky, but we get up to 90%. so we have these things. And so what we're, what we're looking at right now as a company is similar to Cloudflare where you can like geo move things around, but that works really well for basically the background agent where it's follow the sun. But this, it's not. Like it's a very different shape. Obviously with scale you figure these things out, but that's an interesting new problem that we have, as a compute provider in the agent space. And when we were doing the conference recently, and so we talked to like Nikita from Neon and.Swyx [00:22:57]: I should bring it up.Ivan [00:22:58]: Parag from Parallel and whatnot, everyone has the same problem. Whereas the usage is super spiky, and this is something that has not happened before, that you have these types of like it was always, it the amplitudes were not this high, right? So it's quite interesting use case and problem solve.Compute Conference and Spiky Agent InfrastructureSwyx [00:23:12]: Yeah, I don't know if we're gonna bring this up again, but let's just talk about the conference, you had like 1,000 something people at the Warriors game, at the Sorry, where is it? What's.Ivan [00:23:22]: Chase Center.Swyx [00:23:23]: Chase Center.Ivan [00:23:23]: Chase Center.Swyx [00:23:24]: I went. It was, it was very impressive. Obviously, you can, how to throw a conference, what did you learn? you put, you pulled together all these impressive names.Ivan [00:23:33]: What I.Swyx [00:23:34]: What were you looking for?Ivan [00:23:35]: My thesis behind the Compute Conference was let's bring together people that are building infrastructure for AI agents. Because when I think of what we're building, it is the agent is the primary user, what are the ergonomics and usage patterns of agents, and so we can do that. And what I found, this was a theory, it wasn't proven, is that we all have these problems, as I touched onto. And I was, as I was talking on stage, it was like we all have the same underlying infra problems, which is this spiky workloads, unpredictable workloads that we've never had before, in human, compute or human infrastructure. And it's, again, it's the same when I was talking to Parag or when I was talking.Swyx [00:24:20]: Lynn. Nikita.Ivan [00:24:21]: Lynn, Nikita. Lynn especially, I was talking to her the other day as well. Like the It is a very interesting type of problem to solve because I can touch on Cloudflare because there's a lot of like talk about that recently as to how they solve that, which is they have a bunch of geos, and basically, as users work in different places, and depending on your tier, they can move you around the geos. And so that how, that's how they get the higher utilization. But you can sort of predict these, and it's If it's something in You'll rarely get a spike that is 10 orders of magnitude. Like you'll get a like let's say one of your customers has some like an exponential curve. What is that to I'm using Cloudflare as an example. 10%, 20%, whatever it is. I don't, I don't have this data, I'm just assessing. It's surely not 10x, right? It's surely not something there. And so how do you go out and solve this problem? And we're all solving this in different ways. So we have.Swyx [00:25:11]: She also has the same thing.Ivan [00:25:12]: Yeah, I know specifically that like Neon had that issue as well. Like how are we solving these spiky loads and things like that ‘cause we talked about it. And so the interesting thing for me to actually internalize was, yes, everyone that's building for agents first is going through this, and we're all solving similar problems, which is quite.Swyx [00:25:28]: Let me let me double-click on this. Okay. So for example, Neon, I happen to know that they're very sort of S3 oriented, right? so they're just like fully bet on S3. And you get to benefit from S3's distribution and infrastructure. So I would imagine that Neon doesn't have to care, whereas Lynn maybe has to care a bit more because obviously she's doing GPU inference. And, for listeners, we did an episode with her, one and a half years ago. And you have to care. But like, right?Ivan [00:25:54]: Parag cares for sure, and Nikita.Swyx [00:25:58]: And Parag is C of, Parallel.Ivan [00:25:59]: Parallel, yeah.Swyx [00:26:00]: Former CTO of Twitter.Ivan [00:26:01]: Twitter, yeah.Swyx [00:26:02]: They are the search.Ivan [00:26:03]: Yeah, they're search, yeah.Swyx [00:26:03]: I You and I know but the listeners don't know.Ivan [00:26:08]: Yeah, we can put it down in the screen, and so ‘cause we, when we were talking.Swyx [00:26:11]: I'll put it up on the, on the screen.Ivan [00:26:12]: Yeah, right.Swyx [00:26:12]: People can look it up if they need.Ivan [00:26:14]: Look it up. And, yes, but they still have CPU and RAM, allocation that you have to have up and running. And so CPU and RAM, you have to allocate that and have that ready. And so there's basically two ways to do it. One is you either over-provision and you can handle the bursts, or two, you basically have, I don't know if this is a term, just-in-time compute, which is like as your load becomes, as your usage comes in, you can fire off requests for VMs or bare metals at other cloud providers and then get them up and running.Swyx [00:26:43]: This is if you go above 100%, right?Ivan [00:26:45]: Yeah, this is.Swyx [00:26:46]: Like your overflow.Ivan [00:26:46]: If your overflow, like spillage or whatever you do.Swyx [00:26:48]: You probably lose money on it, but it doesn't matter, right?Ivan [00:26:50]: It, not Well, you might, you might not That is a more cost-effective way to do it but it's a slower way to do it. Because basically what you have to do is you have to like queue your requests, spin up these just-in-time compute, get it all ready, provision it, and then get your workload there. And so if the time isn't important that much, that's fine, and you can do that. But if your customer, and especially for, let's say, the RL training runs, the reason why a lot of people come to us is because GPUs are more expensive than CPUs, right? So you want your GPU running at, what, 100% the entire time. And so when you're running runs on CPUs, when the when the CPU cycle is like down and spinning up the next one, you want that to be instantaneous so that your GPU doesn't go down, right? And if you then have to like go out and provision machines, you're essentially telling the GPU that it has to wait, and that's incurring our cost. So there's things that you have to try to solve for there.RL Workloads, Declarative Images, and Kubernetes ReplacementSwyx [00:27:43]: Yeah, let's talk about the different workload, right? You said that, what was it? A few months ago, you had zero RL workload and now it's 50%.Ivan [00:27:52]: It will be this one, 50%, yeah.Swyx [00:27:54]: Let's talk about how different it is, right? Like I imagine, for example, a lot less dynamic code generation of like arbitrary code. Like here, it's probably all the same code. You're just doing parallel runs or something, I don't know.Ivan [00:28:05]: Yeah. So you'll have multiple Depends on the like for each run, you'll have a snapshot. And they, for the most part, they actually do use our declarative image builder, which is like, “Oh, we, the agent wants these dependencies, these env vars.”Swyx [00:28:17]: These ones, yeah.Ivan [00:28:18]: Yeah, the declarative image builder, it.Swyx [00:28:20]: Which is a very modal like thing that they.Ivan [00:28:22]: Yeah. And so we build it on the fly and then we propagate that snapshot, and you can spin up as many sandboxes as you want against that snapshot. And then if you have to do changes, the model can, or like it could be also be automated. It's like, “Oh, now for the next run, we need to install these things or remove these things or whatever to get, a task done,” and then it goes off and runs that. So yes, that is something that it seems that they prefer. The number one reason I found, or should I say, let's take a step back. What we are competing against in that environment is essentially managed Kubernetes. So EKS, GKE, whatever. That is what the vast majority run on. And anyone that has tried Daytona versus GKE, EKS is like, “I'm never going back.” That has always been. There's a few reasons. One is the ergonomics. So if you have, if you're using Kubernetes to spin that up, you have to essentially manage the interface interactions with that. Daytona, although as a compute provider, it's more akin to a Twilio and Stripe from a consumption perspective than it is an AWS. Like you have an API, an SDK, it's quite like easy and seamless to get these things up and running, that's one. The other is the speed to which we spin up, which we mentioned earlier, which is much faster, and the scale to which we can go to. We haven't got into features, but an interesting feature is that it's very hard to OOM, or out of memory, our sandboxes, because we can dynamically on the fly.Swyx [00:29:48]: Resize.Ivan [00:29:49]: Resize, which is like impossible on almost any other thing. There are some technologies that enable you to do that, but it's like a very hard thing. And so we actually saw this when, the Terminal Revenge team is, brought us actually. So thank you, Alex and the team, that brought us into this whole space.Swyx [00:30:05]: It's just very rare that, a framework would just say, “Guys, just use Daytona.”Ivan [00:30:11]: Yeah, I think it says it somewhere. Yeah.Swyx [00:30:13]: Yeah. I was like, “What is this?”Ivan [00:30:15]: There's all, there's multiple there, but they also mention a few other places. and so Daytona specifically-We have, the, just jumping on themes here We, I don't know where it says Data Center.Swyx [00:30:27]: I, there.Ivan [00:30:27]: Doesn't matter.Swyx [00:30:28]: There's a very strong recommendation, which is, very unusual. Which is, it's.Ivan [00:30:33]: We do not pay them for this, just.Swyx [00:30:34]: I know, yeah. They just like you.Ivan [00:30:35]: Yeah, they like us. yeah, and also a thing, so, Data Center has multiple isolation sets underneath. The customer doesn't have to know what they are. But basically we have Docker, which is a container, that's hardened with Sysbox. So it's Docker's, isolation that is a security equivalent to a VM, but it's still a container. And that is the default, and they, especially in these training workloads, really like that as an interface to be able to use just a basic Docker container, and we enable Docker and Docker. Which for these RL runs, if you need to do a Docker compose or Kubernetes, you can spin up a K3S inside of these things, which unlocks a huge amount of workloads that you can do that you cannot do on other providers. So just on that part is much more interesting. And so we went that, through that. We showed them that we could do that, and they enjoyed that quite a bit. They being the general venture people.Swyx [00:31:28]: Those people, yeah.Ivan [00:31:29]: And Harbor people.Swyx [00:31:29]: Harbor people, do are they, are they a company yet?Ivan [00:31:33]: As far, I do not know.Customer Pull, Slack Connect, and the Computer Use BetSwyx [00:31:35]: Okay. All right. Yeah. It's like super obvious that like, there's a lot of excitement and success around these things, okay, so yeah, tell us more, right? Like, this is an exploding workload, Harbor adopted you, which helped speed things along. But what are you learning as this new workload comes online?Ivan [00:31:53]: There's a couple things that we learned, which we chat about in the beginning. We, and this has led our story, as we mentioned, we like talked to a lot of customers along the way, and we add more features and more tool sets as we talk to customers. And it's interesting that And I think it's that the ecosystem is so small and/or the models get smarter, where when we see one user come with a request, we know it goes on a roadmap if like three to five customers come with the same request in that week. It's like very bizarre. It happens so many times, which is.Swyx [00:32:27]: Because they're all friends.Ivan [00:32:28]: Sorry?Swyx [00:32:28]: They all, they're all friends. They're all in the same group chat.Ivan [00:32:30]: Yeah, probably, yeah. ‘Cause and they're like, “Oh, can you do this?” And I'm like, “Okay, this is interesting. We'll put it on a feature request.” And then the next one's like, “Oh, can you do this?” “Okay.” It's all the same, right? It's always the same. And so what we try to do, and I personally try to do, I try to be on as many call, quote-unquote “sales calls” I can. I'm in every Slack channel. We literally have about 1,000 Slack Connect channels, something like that. It's an interesting, there's so many interesting things you find out when you have all the Slack channels. You can also see where people, transfer between companies. You see leave Slack channel, enter Slack channel. It's an interesting thing. Also, just I digress, I feel that Slack Connect is literally LinkedIn what it should be. You have a list.Swyx [00:33:08]: LinkedIn charges you to, use your own connections, but Slack doesn't, right? Slack is like, do it for free. It's more lock-in. It's great.Ivan [00:33:15]: Yeah. It's amazing. Yeah. It's one of the reasons.Swyx [00:33:17]: You're gonna pay Slack for life.Ivan [00:33:18]: Exactly. You're there for life. So that's interesting. And so one of the things, the newer things we were talking about earlier is we made a big bet and put a lot of investment on computer use. that is not seen publicly the light of day. We haven't GA'd that yet, but we have.Swyx [00:33:32]: Is there a thing I can pull up?Ivan [00:33:33]: There is computer use there. It's right up a bit.Swyx [00:33:36]: Oh, yeah. Okay.Ivan [00:33:38]: What we have, what we talked about and what we've seen publicly is there's this theme now about, the human emulator where And Elon from XAI has talked about this publicly, and if you think about the models today, they're actually quite sophisticated and they can do a lot of work, but they still don't have access to all the tools. Like, I'm a strong believer that the most efficient way for an agent to work is essentially headless or through, terminal or whatnot. But if we, if we look at knowledge work in general, there's about 100 million knowledge workers in the US, about a billion in the world, and knowledge workers, and the salaries of them aggregate to 10 trillion in the US 50 trillion worldwide.Swyx [00:34:24]: Wow.Ivan [00:34:25]: Something like that. And if we look at, the five most important sectors of that, so like healthcare and government and financial services and whatnot, that's about 56% of that. So let's say it's about half of that. So in the US it's about 25 trillion, and most of them, most of that work is actually still locked into legacy apps inside of Windows, which is not going anywhere for a very long time. Like, people just won't invest in that. How much of it? our assumption is the following: if, in the RPA market, which is similar market, well, not the same 25% of, these white collar, workers', work is automated. If an agent is more sophisticated, can go through more runs, figure stuff out, let's say it's, 40%, right? And so if you take 40% of that, you get to essentially, $10 trillion a year.Swyx [00:35:17]: That's a TAM.Ivan [00:35:18]: That is a that is a TAM. So that's the TAM of the models, right? That's not our, essentially ours. But you get to that size, and to be able to do that, you essentially have to give agents these computers with the legacy. So computer use, either Mac or Windows or Linux. Linux we also obviously have and others have. But Windows specifically is something very new, and the only option right now is an EC2 with, Windows or on Azure. Both of them take anywhere from three to five minutes to spin up. We've created an actual sandbox, so it's a second instead of milliseconds, but you have, point in time snapshots, you have, forking, you have all the things that you have from a sandbox, but essentially enables you to hopefully unlock all this value. And so that's been our big push and bet, but we've sort of, kept our ear to the ground. What is sort of the next things in the market?RPA Returns: Why Agents Still Need ComputersSwyx [00:36:06]: Yeah, knowledge work, and building, and sort of RPA, the next wave of RPA. I got very excited about RPA kind of during COVID times. The UI path was IPO-ing. And it was, a very hot Isn't it, Eastern European?Ivan [00:36:20]: It is, Romanian.Swyx [00:36:21]: Romanian?Yeah, it might be the only Romanian, big unicorn okay, yeah. This I don't I don't, I don't have like a I think there's, I think there's a stage being set for the resurgence of RPA, ‘cause everyone understands that, yeah, no one wants to deal with these shitty apps and no one's gonna rewrite them. Like, you just have to do, a remote operation and programmatic operation of them.Ivan [00:36:45]: If you wanna unlock it, my own setup was basically the following. So I was doing a board deck recently, last month, whatever, and I'm like, “Okay, let's just, let's just do automated.” So, all our data's in, ClickHouse and PostHog and QuickBooks, where everyone else's is, and I'm basically, connected that all to, my Cloud code, like go off and go Cloud code whatever. Go off and, here's the integrations, go do that. It pulled out the first report, which was great. It connected to Brex and all these things, pulled it, which was great, and then I say, “Okay, now pull out this, and this,” and I kept getting, really well McKinsey-style design reports, but the data said partial data. all the missing data, partial data. Like, it can't access all the things, and I got so frustrated, and so I got, I got, my Mac Mini virtual sandbox with OpenClaw. I gave it its own account in our company, and then I went to all these services and created a read-only account, so literally like an intern in your company. And so I would say, “Now go and do this report,” and it would get the same, or like, “I can't via the MCP or the API or whatever. I can't get all the information.” I'm like, “Go log in.” And it will log into the website, then go in, export the data. It'll export the data and do the thing end to end. So even for things that have today APIs, not all of it is exposed, and I to get value, I get immense value right now, but it has to be a computer usage, unfortunately, and so I spend a bunch of tokens just on that, but I get the job done. And so if even a startup like ours, and using all the hottest tools, still needs a computer agent what hope does, Goldman have to have a headless, right?Swyx [00:38:22]: Yeah, what a - Why isn't Microsoft doing this?Ivan [00:38:27]: I'm pretty sure, Satya had a post yesterday.Swyx [00:38:29]: Oh, okay. I see.Ivan [00:38:29]: Which was like, “Every agent needs a computer.”Swyx [00:38:31]: I see, I see.Ivan [00:38:32]: So they have launched something recently.Swyx [00:38:34]: Yeah, they have Microsoft Power Automate, I'm sure, I'm sure, they're gonna have their version.macOS Sandboxes, Apple Constraints, and the Windows OpportunityIvan [00:38:39]: Version of that, yeah.Swyx [00:38:39]: You're gonna try to do yours, and it - I always know there's always demand for Mac, but I know it's, tricky to host, macOS sandboxes.Ivan [00:38:49]: We will have macOS sandboxes fairly soon. The problem with macOS, OS sandboxes is, I'm deep in this, I don't know how much interesting is.Swyx [00:38:55]: No, it's.Ivan [00:38:56]: MacOS has this problem.Swyx [00:38:57]: It's a licensing thing, right?Ivan [00:38:58]: Licensing thing. So one, you're allowed to run only two parallel VMs per machine, so that's one. Two, you can only license to a different user every 24 hours. So if you come in and theoretically, if I wanna charge you per second and I charge you one second, I have to have it idle for the rest of the day. I can't have anyone else doing that. So the pricing will be different in the sense that I will have to - we would have to charge for 24 hours, and that's not even, that's not even the most difficult thing. But the, thing above that is, from a security perspective, they enable you to do memory snapshot, pause, resume, but only on the same physical drive, physical machine. And so what you can do in, Windows world or Linux world is that I can move in the background, your snapshot from one to the other and manage load, right? Here, if you wanna do that, you essentially have to have your.Swyx [00:39:49]: Yeah, snapshots. Yeah.Ivan [00:39:50]: Your.Swyx [00:39:51]: It's like.Ivan [00:39:51]: Physical machine.Swyx [00:39:52]: You can't break it up.Ivan [00:39:53]: You can't, you can't move things around that, and all of that is, that part is, from a security standpoint, if it is written. Like, I understand the security aspect of that, but it disables you from doing these agentic, like really scalable agentic workloads.Swyx [00:40:08]: You need to do a vibe-coded, clean room implementation on macOS that you can then - That's like Clean OS or something. I don't know.Ivan [00:40:17]: So. We have.Swyx [00:40:18]: ‘cause like Linux was originally like a clean room rewrite of Unix.Ivan [00:40:21]: Okay. Yeah.Swyx [00:40:21]: Or something like that, right? Like same thing to macOS. Someone needs to do it.Ivan [00:40:25]: Someone will do that, and someone will have some long-running agents for a few days to figure this stuff out. But yeah. So definitely we - we're really close to offering something ‘cause people do want it, but the pricing will be different, and the feature set will be sort of stringent.Swyx [00:40:38]: Yeah, nobody's gonna use this. like, the labs, the labs will because they want to automate macOS.Ivan [00:40:42]: They have to do RL. They have to do RL again. But even if you The - So the point is with the RL part, if you, if you do RL on macOS, then the next iteration of the model comes out, it will be able to use these tools significantly. Then you actually need to run those, that somewhere. So you're gonna have to have that, later on. And from, if anyone at Apple is listening, I very much feel that they are shooting themselves in the foot of the scale of the revenue of compute or licensing they could get if they would just enable a concurrency model similar to what you can get on a Windows and a, and Linux.Swyx [00:41:17]: Yeah. Yeah. And I'm sure they've heard this before. They just don't care. Yeah, it's And maybe they will change their mind with the new CEO.Ivan [00:41:24]: Yeah. We'll see.Swyx [00:41:25]: We'll see.Ivan [00:41:25]: High hopes.Swyx [00:41:26]: High hopes.Ivan [00:41:26]: High hopes.Swyx [00:41:27]: Okay. But I, it's very clear the market opportunity is huge in Windows, and you can go for a long time on just Windows, but your customers are gonna want both. and I think, it is interesting to me that, this is the sort of God application of agents, right? Like, I don't It was - How big was OpenClaw for you guys? Like, was it, was there, a significant bump.OpenClaw, Agent Labs, and the B2B2C Sandbox MarketIvan [00:41:54]: Not for us because we.Swyx [00:41:54]: Because you already.Ivan [00:41:55]: We're kind of positioned differently. Whereas although it's completely PLG and we have individual developers that use it, most of the users that use Daytona are sort of a B2B2C. Sort of it's either B2B or B2B2C. So, in the researcher world, it's B2B, so you're selling to, labs and neo labs and things like that. But on the long-running agents, it's mostly, from a scale revenue perspective, it's mostly B2B2C, where you have a app layer agent that uses you at a big scale.Swyx [00:42:26]: Like a Manus. Yeah.Ivan [00:42:28]: Like a Manus Lovable type of thing.Swyx [00:42:31]: Yeah. I think that's the question of, well how, um-Uh, yeah, B2B to C is basically to me what I've been calling an agent lab, which is kind of like you're not in a model lab, but you're making a very good wrapper that is a platform that other people can sign up so they don't have to code those things. Yeah, it sound, it sounds like a much better market than the direct OpenClaw market.Ivan [00:42:56]: I've like - We I've done multiple things. So the CodeAnywhere's part of our career path R in the calendar, was very much an end user developer product. And so that is great. It You can get a lot of developer love, and I feel that we do as a company have a bunch of developer love. But it's a different type, where it's people building these things. Again, it's more akin to a Twilio because you don't really run - As a person, you wouldn't run Twilio. I don't know how many people remember. It was like ask your developer billboard and whatnot. And people really love Twilio, but they only used it inside of like, “Oh, I'm building this app or service for thing.” And so we're very much directly to that. And you also know that I used to work for a competitor for Twilio, so it's kind of ingrained, in my DNA.Swyx [00:43:35]: People don't know InfoBip is that big.Ivan [00:43:38]: Yeah, it's.Swyx [00:43:39]: Because.Ivan [00:43:40]: It's a billion euro.Swyx [00:43:40]: They're all American. They're like, “Whatever's in Europe doesn't matter to me.” But like it's the, it's the same size or bigger? Same size?Ivan [00:43:46]: It's about half the size.Swyx [00:43:47]: Half the size?Ivan [00:43:48]: Yeah, about half the size.Swyx [00:43:48]: It's like, yeah.Ivan [00:43:48]: Still huge. Multiple billions a year. Yes.Swyx [00:43:51]: That's crazy.Ivan [00:43:51]: Exactly, and so that - These are like really interesting and large revenue-generating, very sticky businesses. Whereas when you're selling to the - When your focus is the end developer, it is a very hard sell because they're very price sensitive, very price conscious, very around that. And there's very It's very hard to scale. Your cap is the number of people that are willing to spin up - First of all, wanna spin that up, and then spin up multiple of these. Whereas if you're in the enterprise one, like we know everyone's talking about like how many tokens they're spending, I'm spending. Like a lot of companies today are like, “If this is our company, spend as much as you can.” Like basically that is where we're going. And so if you think about that paradigm, where you're selling to companies that say, “Spend as much as you can to generate, productivity,” versus, “Oh, I'm a single person. I have this much budget, and I'm doing this thing because it's fun or it's helping me out or whatever.” Like it is a different, it's a different go-to-market, I think, strategy.MCP, CLIs, and Sandboxes as the Agent RuntimeSwyx [00:44:50]: Yeah, there's a lot of discussion. I'm just kind of going through like the mental list of things that are in your favor, which is, for example, MCP versus CLI. Like obviously you want CLI. It's been very good for you. I feel like it's maybe a drop in the bucket or maybe it's huge. I'm just checking whether it's like these are big trends.Ivan [00:45:10]: Those things you - work well in our favor, to your point just because every.Swyx [00:45:13]: They're kind of drop in the bucket, right?Ivan [00:45:15]: I think it's like sort of all the things come together. And so there's so many things that impact that. To your point, like OpenClaw wasn't huge for us, but like having the agent SDK, from Anthropic, so or Cloud Claude Code was very interesting. The reason why it was interesting is that a lot of, let's call them app I don't know what to call them, app layer agent companies, essentially they are like, “Oh, I can create this new app, this new agent. All I need, I just use Claude Code, and I throw it into a sandbox, and then I have my interface to the human to that.” And so that enabled so many more companies to actually offer this, and then they would pull on sandbox. So that was, that was interesting. And to your point, like MCP, versus the CLI, the MCP is an interface against an API, whereas the CLI is like you can actually go do things. Like this is it. The difference between integrations and actually running scripts or data or analysis against a thing. So being able to use a CLI very well enables the agent to do more things, and it's because that people will invoke a sandbox, they'll run it in the CLI, and but it'll do anal-analysis on that data and then give you an actual result versus just, pulling data from an API source.Swyx [00:46:29]: Yeah, it's a layer of indirection basically, it's the same thing as agentic search versus RAG, which where you're.Ivan [00:46:34]: Exactly, yeah.Swyx [00:46:34]: Just like you just win whenever people put more agents into their workflow. And so like it doesn't really matter, but I'm just kinda teasing out like what else have people heard about that like it's sort of, “Oh yeah, this is another sandbox use case. Oh yeah, that's another one.” Am I, am I missing any big ones?Ivan [00:46:51]: The thing, the thing that people, which is the computer use stuff, which I think is probably the most interesting one, is, and to your point, we've talked to so many people over the last year. It's like, “Oh, like why do you need a sandbox? Why do you need this? Why this?” And to your point, it's like, “Oh, I need sandbox for this. I need sandbox for that. I need sandbox-” It's like, “Oh, I need it for every single thing.” And so basically what I, what I - and it sounds like a broken record, it's like you use a laptop every single day, right? And you are n of one. It's just you. But now imagine how And by the way, the laptop, the computer PC market, the PC market is about equal to the cloud market in total. So it's about 150, 180 billion a year. Something like that. It's about roughly the three cloud hyperscalers is about equal to like Apple, HP, Lenovo, whatever, It's a little bit less, but it's sort of like that. And now imagine And that's just like, so how big is the addressable market? What, how many people are there in the world now? What's the last data?Swyx [00:47:45]: Let's call it eight billion.Ivan [00:47:46]: Eight billion. And so let's say you can have two computer, like you have one personal and one business, whatever. Like so it's double that, right? and so that's 16 billion, right? How many agents are gonna be running in two years, in 10 years, in 100 years? Like And for every single task, they will need one of these. And so how big is that? That market is essentially quote unquote “infinite”. You will get to the point, and Dylan Patel was at the conference talking about, from SemiAnalysis, that talks usually about GPUs, was also talking about how CPUs will now be a bottleneck because it will be the constraint. You won't be able to grow, or we won't be able to have enough of these because there won't be enough CPUs to basically do.Swyx [00:48:23]: Yeah. Well, I actually had a really good podcast with Doug Oliphant, who, which was his president at SemiAnalysis, where they've basically been like, yeah, it's been a GPU shortage first, but then it's cascaded down to memory and now to CPUs.Ivan [00:48:35]: CPU, yeah.Swyx [00:48:35]: It-What's next? So networking. So, networking actually has been in shortage for a while if you're looking at, just GPU networking. But, yeah, it's really crazy the amount of computer use that's going on, yeah, cool. I, other questions are, just the one very big part is the open sourceness which you didn't have to do, your competitors don't do, like it's not, a lot of people are worried about keeping their projects open source because some competitor can just slot fork it. I don't know if there's any reflections on just being an open source company.Open Source, Trust, and Enterprise ProcurementIvan [00:49:15]: Yeah. There's a bunch. So we the original product that we did was open source.Swyx [00:49:19]: Yeah. CodeAnywhere.Ivan [00:49:20]: So doing that was actually very good for us. There's basically a saying of, What's the saying? Like, companies that are, that are doing really well, measure themselves against, free cashflow, that are kinda okay, it's EBITDA, then, it's, it goes all the way down.Swyx [00:49:36]: The worst is like GitHub stars.Ivan [00:49:37]: GitHub stars. GitHub stars are the worst, yeah. So you go all the way down to GitHub stars. And so our original one was GitHub stars. That's what we talked about, we're at the point we're talking about revenue, so we're we've gone up the stack on that. And so we started.Swyx [00:49:47]: No, profit.Ivan [00:49:48]: Yeah. We haven't, we're, we'll get there. We'll get there. But basically at that point we did stars and GitHub and it was useful, and the original variation that we did, it we split the core into its own repo and it was Apache 2.0, so very, permissive. And then we basically would bundl

In this episode of Past Gas, we dive into the explosive rise of the tuner revolution. We explore the wild Motorex scandal that illegally brought the legendary Nissan Skyline GT-R to the US, the neon-lit spectacle of Hot Import Nights, and how a single magazine article birthed The Fast and the Furious. Discover how the World Wide Web and Hollywood mutated grassroots garage builds into a massive global phenomenon.This episode is brought to you by Rocket Money! Let Rocket Money help you reach your financial goals faster. Join at https://www.RocketMoney.com/PastGasAlso thanks to Lumi Gummies for sponsoring this podcast! Go to https://www.LumiGummies.com and use code PASTGAS for 30% off your order.This podcast is also sponsored by BlueChew! Right now, when you buy two months of BlueChew Gold, you get the third for FREE with promo code PASTGAS!And also thanks to Shopify for sponsoring this episode! 

Nitrous oxide can look like a harmless party trick until you understand how fast it can flip into a medical emergency. We dig into whippets and laughing gas from an addiction medicine perspective, including why the high hits within seconds, why people keep reaching for “just one more,” and how the same drug can functionally mimic ketamine, benzodiazepines, and opioids in the brain. That mix helps explain both its legitimate role in minor procedures and why it can be so addictive outside the clinic. We walk through what clinicians and families often miss: standard urine drug screens do not detect nitrous oxide, the detection window is short even with advanced lab testing, and the clearest red flag may be a profound vitamin B12 deficiency in someone who should not have it. From there, the conversation turns to the real stakes of B12 inactivation: spinal cord degeneration, myelopathy, peripheral neuropathy, gait instability, weakness, bladder dysfunction, cognitive changes, and the uncomfortable truth that we often cannot predict whether nerve damage will be permanent. We also cover immediate dangers while using, including hypoxia and sudden unconsciousness, traumatic falls, frostbite and cold burns from direct canister inhalation, pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum, arrhythmias especially when mixed with stimulants, mental health destabilization, increased blood clot risk, and serious pregnancy risks. Because there is no proven medication-assisted treatment for nitrous cravings, we focus on what we can do: treat co-occurring anxiety, depression, and trauma, use CBT and group therapy, push hard on vitamin B12 replacement, and apply practical harm reduction when someone is not ready to quit. We close with a vivid patient case that shows how smoke shop access and relapse can spiral into hospitalization and disability, and how recovery is still possible with the right support. If you find this helpful, subscribe, share the episode with someone who needs it, and leave a review so more people can find the show.To contact Dr. Grover: ammadeeasy@fastmail.com

THE WES BUCK SHOW – EPISODE 422“NITROUS, TWO-WHEELS, AND STREET HEAT”SOME WEEKS ARE ABOUT WINNERS.SOME WEEKS ARE ABOUT MOMENTUM.THIS WEEK? WE'VE GOT BOTH.This week on The Wes Buck Show, we're bringing in a lineup that covers multiple lanes of the sport, and all of them are hot right now.First up, Tommy Franklin, PDRA owner and Pro Nitrous standout. Not only is he helping run one of the baddest series in the country, but he's also out there competing at a high level himself. Fresh off a strong weekend, we're gonna talk PDRA, Pro Nitrous, and what it takes to juggle promoter and racer at the same time.Then we bring in Richard Gadson, one of the top names in NHRA Pro Stock Motorcycle. Championship pedigree, elite talent, and a guy who has been right in the mix at the highest level. We're gonna talk about last season, how this year is shaping up, and what it takes to compete in one of the most competitive classes in NHRA.And rounding it out, we've got Nate Prater, who by all accounts just threw an absolute banger with Street Car Bragging Rights. The buzz is real, the turnout was big, and people are still talking about it. We're gonna break down what made it hit, what's next, and why this brand is catching fire.Three guests. Three different corners of drag racing. One loaded show.LET'S GO.Each week on The Wes Buck Show, Wes Buck, JT “Murder T” Hudson, and Mike Carpenter bring their unique insights and analysis to the most electrifying moments and storylines from a packed weekend of drag racing.

After making a deal with Lord Kar-L the Magic Police make their plans to move on Kar-l's vault of arcane nitrous.

Listen without ads for 25 cents a day: www.patreon.com/dopeypodcast This week on Dopey!  The Return of Andy Dick! Using story from Montana! Gratitude! Spotify Comments! Nitrous Car Crash! Andy discusses his recent fentanyl overdose (where he clinically died), his history of resisting recovery, and his current fragile sobriety. The conversation swings between hilarious (fat shaming, keto coffee, random tangents) and deeply uncomfortable (career regrets, addiction identity, Chris Farley, missed opportunities like Mr. Show and Old School). Andy admits he still isn't sure if he wants to stay sober, but acknowledges things are “getting better.” Dave pushes him on willingness, recovery, and consequences, while Andy oscillates between honesty and deflection. The episode closes with Dave reflecting on Andy's sobriety, promoting harm reduction resources, and sharing a raw listener-submitted banjo cover of a Dopey song. AL LTHAT AND MORE ON A DICK FILLED NEW DOPEY! Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Send us Fan MailFollow Future Anaesthesia on instagram for more useful information and sustainability tips!---------Find us atInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/abcsofanaesthesia/Twitter: https://twitter.com/abcsofaWebsite: http://www.anaesthesiacollective.comPodcast: ABCs of AnaesthesiaPrimary Exam Podcast: Anaesthesia Coffee BreakFacebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/ABCsofAnaesthesiaFacebook Private Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/2082807131964430---------Check out all of our online courses and zoom teaching sessions here!https://anaesthesia.thinkific.com/collectionshttps://www.anaesthesiacollective.com/courses/---------#Anesthesiology #Anesthesia #Anaesthetics #Anaesthetists #Residency #MedicalSchool #FOAMed #Nurse #Medical #Meded ---------Please support me at my patreonhttps://www.patreon.com/ABCsofA---------Any questions please email abcsofanaesthesia@gmail.com---------Disclaimer: The information contained in this video/audio/graphic is for medical practitioner education only. It is not and will not be relevant for the general public.Where applicable patients have given written informed consent to the use of their images in video/photography and aware that it will be published online and visible by medical practitioners and the general public.This contains general information about medical conditions and treatments. The information is not advice and should not be treated as such. The medical information is provided “as is” without any representations or warranties, express or implied. The presenter makes no representations or warranties in relation to the medical information on this video. You must not rely on the information as an alternative to assessing and managing your patient with your treating team and consultant. You should seek your own advice from your medical practitioner in relation to any of the topics discussed in this episode' Medical information can change rapidly, and the author/s make all reasonable attempts to provide accurate information at the time of filming. There is no guarantee that the information will be accurate at the time of viewingThe information provided is within the scope of a specialist anaesthetist (FANZCA) working in Australia.The information presented here does not represent the views of any hospital or ANZCA.These videos are solely for training and education of medical practitioners, and are not an advertisement. They were not sponsored and offer no discounts, gifts or other inducements. This disclaimer was created based on a Contractology template available at http://www.contractology.com.

Send us Fan MailFollow Future Anaesthesia on instagram for more useful information and sustainability tips!---------Find us atInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/abcsofanaesthesia/Twitter: https://twitter.com/abcsofaWebsite: http://www.anaesthesiacollective.comPodcast: ABCs of AnaesthesiaPrimary Exam Podcast: Anaesthesia Coffee BreakFacebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/ABCsofAnaesthesiaFacebook Private Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/2082807131964430---------Check out all of our online courses and zoom teaching sessions here!https://anaesthesia.thinkific.com/collectionshttps://www.anaesthesiacollective.com/courses/---------#Anesthesiology #Anesthesia #Anaesthetics #Anaesthetists #Residency #MedicalSchool #FOAMed #Nurse #Medical #Meded ---------Please support me at my patreonhttps://www.patreon.com/ABCsofA---------Any questions please email abcsofanaesthesia@gmail.com---------Disclaimer: The information contained in this video/audio/graphic is for medical practitioner education only. It is not and will not be relevant for the general public.Where applicable patients have given written informed consent to the use of their images in video/photography and aware that it will be published online and visible by medical practitioners and the general public.This contains general information about medical conditions and treatments. The information is not advice and should not be treated as such. The medical information is provided “as is” without any representations or warranties, express or implied. The presenter makes no representations or warranties in relation to the medical information on this video. You must not rely on the information as an alternative to assessing and managing your patient with your treating team and consultant. You should seek your own advice from your medical practitioner in relation to any of the topics discussed in this episode' Medical information can change rapidly, and the author/s make all reasonable attempts to provide accurate information at the time of filming. There is no guarantee that the information will be accurate at the time of viewingThe information provided is within the scope of a specialist anaesthetist (FANZCA) working in Australia.The information presented here does not represent the views of any hospital or ANZCA.These videos are solely for training and education of medical practitioners, and are not an advertisement. They were not sponsored and offer no discounts, gifts or other inducements. This disclaimer was created based on a Contractology template available at http://www.contractology.com.

Nitrous oxide (better known as "laughing gas") is widely used in medicine as a safe anaesthetic and pain reliever. It's also found in whipped cream canisters and even used in car engines. But Angela Chiew, toxicologist and Associate Professor at UNSW, joins me to set the record straight: the growing recreational misuse of this easily accessible gas is causing serious long-term harm, including nerve damage, cognitive damage, weakening of the spinal cord and mobility impairments.  Cases of misuse are rising globally, likely driven by how easy it is to legally purchase the drug in many countries. This episode unpacks the hidden dangers behind a gas many once thought was just a harmless high. Linkedin: Angela Chiew X: AngelaChiewA  

I do not advocate or condone the use of illegal substances! I share my unbelievable experience I had after mixing LSD and Mushrooms with Nitrous Oxide. And Weed. And Rosin. And Tussi. And MDMA. And 2CB. And Ketamine. And that's it.. I think.Instagram► instagram.com/imtrippin2hardPatreon►patreon.com/imtrippin2hardTiktok► https://www.tiktok.com/@imtrippin2hard?_t=ZT-8yT1f2CO2FD&_r=1Spotify►https://open.spotify.com/show/5i24lc5DEMbxR6SwVzLn3F?si=Xvm9nA3FTMmTlknsDAupZQEmail► imtrippin2hard@gmail.comConsciousness Playlist►  https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PL_0q8zQRycjQ3yfxBESjr3zTdirSQ19OC&si=m7WI9_BY5YVpOwykYouTube►https://www.youtube.com/c/TRiPPNThis video is for educational and entertainment purposes only. Always research, practice harm reduction and follow your local laws.Send me a message! Support the show

A Checkpoint investigation has revealed how easy it is to get potentially dangerous nitrous oxide or nangs in large quantities with virtually no questions asked. That's despite it being illegal to supply, possess or use the gas recreationally. Nitrous oxide, known as nangs or cream whippers, has legitimate medical and catering uses, but can have serious side effects when huffed. A growing number doctors and community leaders calling for restrictions on the gas. Checkpoint reporter Teuila Fuatai has been looking into this and spoke to Lisa Owen. 

A significant jump in the recreational use of nitrous oxide, or nangs, has Hawkes Bay officials worried, with claims big cannisters of the gas are being marketed directly to children. Nitrous oxide is a colourless gas, known as laughing gas, which is used as a painkiller in medical and dental procedures, and is also used in catering to make whipped cream. If inhaled recreationally nangs can have dangerous long-term side effects like nerve damage in the brain and spinal cord. In recent weeks, dozens of the discarded cannisters have started turning up. Stewart Whyte of Te Taiwhenua o Heretaunga called a crisis meeting and spoke to Lisa Owen.

Broadcast from KSQD, Santa Cruz on 1-22-2026: An emailer from Canada asks about long-term Remicade (infliximab) use for her 16-year-old daughter's ulcerative colitis. Dr. Dawn explains the drug blocks tumor necrosis factor, which stops autoimmune attacks but also weakens infection defense—increasing risk of fungal infections, tuberculosis, and after about 10 years, slightly elevated blood cancer risk. She recommends the daughter practice good hygiene and mask in high-risk settings. For achieving full remission, she suggests vitamin D levels around 75-80, DHEA supplementation, strict gluten avoidance due to its pro-inflammatory effects, and working with a certified functional medicine practitioner to heal the gut and potentially withdraw medication. Dr. Dawn presents a case study of a 27-year-old woman with progressive weakness, pins-and-needles sensations, and impaired balance. Despite normal B12 blood levels, elevated homocysteine and methylmalonic acid revealed functional B12 deficiency from using 20-30 nitrous oxide whippets daily. Nitrous oxide oxidizes the cobalt atom in methylcobalamin, permanently inactivating the enzyme needed for myelin sheath maintenance. Treatment requires months of daily B12 injections with recovery taking up to 84 weeks. She warns that nitrous oxide also interacts dangerously with Viagra-type drugs (causing dangerous blood pressure drops), methotrexate, stimulants, hallucinogens, and respiratory depressants. She describes Canadian researchers developing a miniaturized 3D printer for vocal cord repair. After removing nodules that cause hoarseness, the device prints hydrogel along the wound to create a flat surface preventing keloid-like regrowth, rather like spackling a wall before healing occurs underneath. Dr. Dawn discusses lipoprotein(a), written as Lap(a), a genetic cardiovascular risk factor discovered in the 1960s. This relative of LDL carries a protein that promotes blood clots, thus raising heart attack and stroke risks. In a recent large survey, only about 14% of people have been screened despite its significance. New drugs like pelicarsin can reduce Lp(a) levels up to 80%,trials underway to confirm a benefit of reduced cardiac events. She notes tennis star Arthur Ashe had high Lp(a) contributing to his coagulopathy. A natural option is already available. She recommends lumbrokinase, derived from earthworms and used in traditional Chinese medicine, as an existing treatment that combats high Lp(a) and counteracts its procoagulant effects. The product Boluoke is commercially available, offering an alternative to high-dose niacin which causes intolerable flushing and diarrhea. Dr. Dawn reports research finding people with anxiety disorders have 8% lower choline levels in brain regions regulating emotion. Increasing choline could help. Choline sources include eggs (two eggs provide 300mg of the 500mg daily choline need), organ meats, salmon, soybeans, and lecithin supplements.

Join Lori for this episode of AI LIVE as she discusses her personal experience with nitrous oxide and shares key insights for safe practice in aesthetics. Get straight answers and practical tips for patient safety, upcoming webinars, and new educational resources. Upcoming webinars and hands-on training opportunities for aesthetic injectors. The risks and safety considerations of using nitrous oxide (including Lori's own medical incident). The importance of patient monitoring and equipment checks during procedures. Genetic factors (like MTHFR mutation) that may affect patient response to nitrous oxide. Essential safety protocols and best practices for providers in medical aesthetics.

Send us a textFollow Future Anaesthesia on instagram for more useful information and sustainability tips!---------Find us atInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/abcsofanaesthesia/Twitter: https://twitter.com/abcsofaWebsite: http://www.anaesthesiacollective.comPodcast: ABCs of AnaesthesiaPrimary Exam Podcast: Anaesthesia Coffee BreakFacebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/ABCsofAnaesthesiaFacebook Private Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/2082807131964430---------Check out all of our online courses and zoom teaching sessions here!https://anaesthesia.thinkific.com/collectionshttps://www.anaesthesiacollective.com/courses/---------#Anesthesiology #Anesthesia #Anaesthetics #Anaesthetists #Residency #MedicalSchool #FOAMed #Nurse #Medical #Meded ---------Please support me at my patreonhttps://www.patreon.com/ABCsofA---------Any questions please email abcsofanaesthesia@gmail.com---------Disclaimer: The information contained in this video/audio/graphic is for medical practitioner education only. It is not and will not be relevant for the general public.Where applicable patients have given written informed consent to the use of their images in video/photography and aware that it will be published online and visible by medical practitioners and the general public.This contains general information about medical conditions and treatments. The information is not advice and should not be treated as such. The medical information is provided “as is” without any representations or warranties, express or implied. The presenter makes no representations or warranties in relation to the medical information on this video. You must not rely on the information as an alternative to assessing and managing your patient with your treating team and consultant. You should seek your own advice from your medical practitioner in relation to any of the topics discussed in this episode' Medical information can change rapidly, and the author/s make all reasonable attempts to provide accurate information at the time of filming. There is no guarantee that the information will be accurate at the time of viewingThe information provided is within the scope of a specialist anaesthetist (FANZCA) working in Australia.The information presented here does not represent the views of any hospital or ANZCA.These videos are solely for training and education of medical practitioners, and are not an advertisement. They were not sponsored and offer no discounts, gifts or other inducements. This disclaimer was created based on a Contractology template available at http://www.contractology.com.

I don't know if I should chase my dreams and start a family, or just spend all of my money and free time on hippie crack. If only I could live both lives at the same time. Instagram► instagram.com/imtrippin2hardPatreon patreon.com/imtrippin2hard Thanks to everyone who's helping this channel grow and become better! Tiktok► https://www.tiktok.com/@imtrippin2hard?_t=ZT-8yT1f2CO2FD&_r=1Spotify►https://open.spotify.com/show/5i24lc5DEMbxR6SwVzLn3F?si=Xvm9nA3FTMmTlknsDAupZQEmail► imtrippin2hard@gmail.comConsciousness Playlist►  https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PL_0q8zQRycjQ3yfxBESjr3zTdirSQ19OC&si=m7WI9_BY5YVpOwykYouTube►https://www.youtube.com/c/TRiPPNThis video is for educational and entertainment purposes only. Always research, practice harm reduction and follow your local laws.© TRiPP!NSend me a message! Support the show

In Episode 3, we continue on our quest to finish the internet, 2 clicks at a time. We'll be radically honest here: you're going to love both of these songsJam Mechanics is a podcast hosted by Matt (The Narcissist Cookbook) and Bug (Bug Hunter) where we are challenged to write a song demo from scratch every episode. If you'd like to download the demos we showed off, ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠you can go to our ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Bandcamp⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ or ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠website⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ to pay-what-you-want to support us!Our Music:⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠The Narcissist Cookbook⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Bug Hunter⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠and our brand-new discord is here⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠and follow us on ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Instagram⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠, ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠YouTube⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠, etc!-- SPOILERS FOR THIS EPISODE BELOW ------Bug's Song-----Title: Bottle Rocket AstronautPrompt Page: 2 Fast, 2 Furious -> Nitrous oxide -> WhippitsLyrics:I am Burt (the Urban Bird), I've got one wing that doesn't workBut I've built a bottle rocket that'll lift me off the earthshoot for the stars? that ain't me. I would settle for that treebe like everybody else who can get up there easilyIf you try to pin me down I will get up off the groundI am a bottle rocket astronaut and all I wants the same thingeverybody's got already, make it look so easyI've been gracious, I've been patientnatural selection never saw me comin', babyI am Burt (the urban bird), I've got one wing that doesn't workI've got whippets in my nest but if they ask, you never heard thatwanna raid me? they can try -- here's a slice of pumpkin pieall the while I'm expanding to a full-fledged enterpriseSee that goldfish in the birdbath? you get 3 hints to guess who did thatwe put a turtle on a mailbox and hedgehog on a trashcanand we've got funding coming through and big announcements coming soonwe pledge by 2026 we'll put a gopher on the roof[Chorus]I am a bottle rocket astronaut and all I wants the same thingeverybody's got already, make it look so easyI've been gracious, I've been patientand we've got charlie darwin freakin rollin' in his grave, eeey!(Little critters in the sky)(Little critters where they don't belong)I am Burt (the urban bird), keep me down? it doesn't work.---- Matt's Song -----Title: A Mile and ChangePrompt Page: Weather Pains -> NOAA -> Deep Sea Exploration Lyrics:tie a cannonball to a fishing line and toss it overboard let it sink right to the bottom boysand discover how deep it goesand you can swear to the stars with a hand on your heart toeverybody when you get back homethat you touched the bottom of the ocean floorI know you men, I know you wellWhen I look at you, I see myselfThe coaxing waves, that beckon us inWe'd travel to the ends of the earth just to swing our feet over the edgeAnd when I sleep, I hear the callThe howling void, beneath our hullGoes on forever, ha, that's so absurdand we'll know better, by the time the sun sets we'll know for suretie a cannonball to a fishing line and toss it overboard let it sink right to the bottom boysand discover how deep it goesand you can swear to the stars with a hand on your heart toeverybody when you get back homethat you touched the bottom of the ocean floorWe let it drop, for a mile and changeWe didn't talk, as the evening cameAnd we only stopped cause the line ran tightWould have kept on going if we could but we got the sense we could have gone all nightAnd as the morning sun bore down on usAnd the ocean yawned, indifferentIt goes on forever, and I haven't sleptCause I dream of the beasts in the infinite deep and wake in a swearwe tied a cannonball to a fishing line and tossed it overboard let it sink over a mile andand we discovered how deep this goesnow we can swear to the stars with a hand on our heart toeverybody when we get back homethat there isn't any bottom of the ocean floorfloooooooooooooooooooooooooooor

Special K and Nitrous at once?! In this episode we dive into dissociativeception and follow my consciousness as it travels to the accelerating edge of the expanding cosmos. Instagram► instagram.com/imtrippin2hardTiktok► https://www.tiktok.com/@imtrippin2hard?_t=ZT-8yT1f2CO2FD&_r=1Spotify►https://open.spotify.com/show/5i24lc5DEMbxR6SwVzLn3F?si=Xvm9nA3FTMmTlknsDAupZQEmail► imtrippin2hard@gmail.comConsciousness Playlist►  https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PL_0q8zQRycjQ3yfxBESjr3zTdirSQ19OC&si=m7WI9_BY5YVpOwykYouTube►https://www.youtube.com/c/TRiPPNThis video is for educational and entertainment purposes only. Always research, practice harm reduction and follow your local laws.© TRiPP!NSend me a message! Support the show

The duality of Monster High 13 Reasons Why and the cherry flavored gas inside of a galaxy gas is an experience I hope every human gets to endure at least once in their life. Instagram► instagram.com/imtrippin2hardTiktok► https://www.tiktok.com/@imtrippin2hard?_t=ZT-8yT1f2CO2FD&_r=1Spotify►https://open.spotify.com/show/5i24lc5DEMbxR6SwVzLn3F?si=Xvm9nA3FTMmTlknsDAupZQEmail► imtrippin2hard@gmail.comConsciousness Playlist►  https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PL_0q8zQRycjQ3yfxBESjr3zTdirSQ19OC&si=m7WI9_BY5YVpOwykYouTube►https://www.youtube.com/c/TRiPPNThis video is for educational and entertainment purposes only. Always research, practice harm reduction and follow your local laws.© TRiPP!NSend me a message! Support the show

The duality of Monster High 13 Reasons Why and the cherry flavored gas inside of a galaxy gas is an experience I hope every human gets to endure at least once in their life. Instagram► instagram.com/imtrippin2hardTiktok► https://www.tiktok.com/@imtrippin2hard?_t=ZT-8yT1f2CO2FD&_r=1Spotify►https://open.spotify.com/show/5i24lc5DEMbxR6SwVzLn3F?si=Xvm9nA3FTMmTlknsDAupZQEmail► imtrippin2hard@gmail.comConsciousness Playlist►  https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PL_0q8zQRycjQ3yfxBESjr3zTdirSQ19OC&si=m7WI9_BY5YVpOwykYouTube►https://www.youtube.com/c/TRiPPNThis video is for educational and entertainment purposes only. Always research, practice harm reduction and follow your local laws.© TRiPP!NSend me a message! Support the show

In this solo episode, Dr. Linda Bluestein brings on her producers to help unpack the hidden complications that can follow seemingly routine medical procedures. From the lingering effects of breast surgery to the controversial use of nitrous oxide, Dr. Bluestein explores how standard treatments can backfire, especially for patients with EDS, MCAS, or complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). She also dives into the surprising risks of cervical collars, and why something that feels stabilizing may actually worsen pain over time. If you've ever been told your symptoms “shouldn't be happening,” this episode might finally connect the dots. Takeaways Dr. Bluestein explains how this commonly used sedative can trigger or worsen neurological symptoms in vulnerable patients and why you might want to avoid it. From scar sensitivity to chronic nerve pain, Dr. Bluestein explores the challenges many face but few anticipate. You'll learn when collars are truly helpful and when they might prolong instability, weakness, and pain. This condition affects the nervous system in ways most clinicians miss. Dr. Bluestein breaks down how to recognize early signs and advocate for better care. Dr. Bluestein reveals the disconnect between standard protocols and what EDS/MCAS patients actually experience in the OR and during recovery. Want more Dr. Linda Bluestein, MD? Website: https://www.hypermobilitymd.com/ YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@bendybodiespodcast Instagram: ⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.instagram.com/hypermobilitymd/⁠⁠⁠⁠ Facebook: ⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.facebook.com/BendyBodiesPodcast⁠⁠⁠⁠ X: ⁠⁠⁠⁠https://twitter.com/BluesteinLinda⁠⁠⁠⁠ LinkedIn: ⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.linkedin.com/in/hypermobilitymd/⁠⁠⁠⁠ Newsletter: ⁠⁠⁠⁠https://hypermobilitymd.substack.com/ Shop my Amazon store ⁠⁠⁠ https://www.amazon.com/shop/hypermobilitymd Dr. Bluestein's Recommended Herbs, Supplements and Care Necessities: https://us.fullscript.com/welcome/hypermobilitymd/store-start Thank YOU so much for tuning in. We hope you found this episode informative, inspiring, useful, validating, and enjoyable. Join us on the next episode for YOUR time to level up your knowledge about hypermobility disorders and the people who have them. Join YOUR Bendy Bodies community at ⁠⁠https://www.bendybodiespodcast.com/⁠⁠. YOUR bendy body is our highest priority!⁠⁠ Learn more about Human Content at ⁠⁠⁠http://www.human-content.com⁠⁠⁠ Podcast Advertising/Business Inquiries: ⁠⁠⁠sales@human-content.com⁠⁠⁠ Part of the Human Content Podcast Network FTC: This video is not sponsored. Links are commissionable, meaning I may earn commission from purchases made through links Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this solo episode, Dr. Linda Bluestein brings on her producers to help unpack the hidden complications that can follow seemingly routine medical procedures. From the lingering effects of breast surgery to the controversial use of nitrous oxide, Dr. Bluestein explores how standard treatments can backfire, especially for patients with EDS, MCAS, or complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). She also dives into the surprising risks of cervical collars, and why something that feels stabilizing may actually worsen pain over time. If you've ever been told your symptoms “shouldn't be happening,” this episode might finally connect the dots. Takeaways Dr. Bluestein explains how this commonly used sedative can trigger or worsen neurological symptoms in vulnerable patients and why you might want to avoid it. From scar sensitivity to chronic nerve pain, Dr. Bluestein explores the challenges many face but few anticipate. You'll learn when collars are truly helpful and when they might prolong instability, weakness, and pain. This condition affects the nervous system in ways most clinicians miss. Dr. Bluestein breaks down how to recognize early signs and advocate for better care. Dr. Bluestein reveals the disconnect between standard protocols and what EDS/MCAS patients actually experience in the OR and during recovery. Find the episode transcript here. Want more Dr. Linda Bluestein, MD? Website: https://www.hypermobilitymd.com/ YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@bendybodiespodcast Instagram: ⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.instagram.com/hypermobilitymd/⁠⁠⁠⁠ Facebook: ⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.facebook.com/BendyBodiesPodcast⁠⁠⁠⁠ X: ⁠⁠⁠⁠https://twitter.com/BluesteinLinda⁠⁠⁠⁠ LinkedIn: ⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.linkedin.com/in/hypermobilitymd/⁠⁠⁠⁠ Newsletter: ⁠⁠⁠⁠https://hypermobilitymd.substack.com/ Shop my Amazon store ⁠⁠⁠ https://www.amazon.com/shop/hypermobilitymd Dr. Bluestein's Recommended Herbs, Supplements and Care Necessities: https://us.fullscript.com/welcome/hypermobilitymd/store-start Thank YOU so much for tuning in. We hope you found this episode informative, inspiring, useful, validating, and enjoyable. Join us on the next episode for YOUR time to level up your knowledge about hypermobility disorders and the people who have them. Join YOUR Bendy Bodies community at ⁠⁠https://www.bendybodiespodcast.com/⁠⁠. YOUR bendy body is our highest priority!⁠⁠ Learn more about Human Content at ⁠⁠⁠http://www.human-content.com⁠⁠⁠ Podcast Advertising/Business Inquiries: ⁠⁠⁠sales@human-content.com⁠⁠⁠ Part of the Human Content Podcast Network FTC: This video is not sponsored. Links are commissionable, meaning I may earn commission from purchases made through links Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Gangsters, rude boys, drug dealers, soviet bootleggers, ticket scalping syndicates, and psychedelic chemists—why do criminals like the “Nitrous Mafia” associated with Phish, and the Italian Mafia linked to Tommy James, so often infiltrate and influence music culture? This topic, along with your voicemails, texts, and emails, and in the All Access portion, Jake and Zeth unpack the fascinating history of violence in Jamaican music. You can become an All Access member and hear this and more exclusive content, along with ad-free listening of all Disgraceland episodes, by going to disgracelandpod.com and signing up via Patreon or Apple Podcasts. For more great Disgraceland episodes, dive into our extensive archive, including such episodes as: Episode 104 - George Harrison Episode 36 - Rolling Stones in Exile Episode 135 - Aerosmith To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Gangsters, rude boys, drug dealers, soviet bootleggers, ticket scalping syndicates, and psychedelic chemists—why do criminals like the “Nitrous Mafia” associated with Phish, and the Italian Mafia linked to Tommy James, so often infiltrate and influence music culture? This topic, along with your voicemails, texts, and emails, and in the All Access portion, Jake and Zeth unpack the fascinating history of violence in Jamaican music. You can become an All Access member and hear this and more exclusive content, along with ad-free listening of all Disgraceland episodes, by going to disgracelandpod.com and signing up via Patreon or Apple Podcasts. For more great Disgraceland episodes, dive into our extensive archive, including such episodes as: Episode 104 - George Harrison Episode 36 - Rolling Stones in Exile Episode 135 - Aerosmith To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoicesSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

A parking lot ruled by shady nitrous oxide dealers. And a bandleader whose addiction nearly killed him. This is the story of Trey Anastasio and Phish – and their improbable comeback. For a full list of contributors, visit ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠disgracelandpod.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ To listen to Disgraceland ad free and hear an exclusive mini-episode that further explores Phish and the Nitrous Mafia, become a Disgraceland All Access member at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠disgracelandpod.com/membership⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. Sign up for our newsletter and get the inside dirt on events, merch and other awesomeness - ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠GET THE NEWSLETTER⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Follow Jake and DISGRACELAND: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Instagram⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠YouTube⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠X⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ (formerly Twitter)  ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Facebook Fan Group⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠TikTok To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

A parking lot ruled by shady nitrous oxide dealers. And a bandleader whose addiction nearly killed him. This is the story of Trey Anastasio and Phish – and their improbable comeback. For a full list of contributors, visit ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠disgracelandpod.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ To listen to Disgraceland ad free and hear an exclusive mini-episode that further explores Phish and the Nitrous Mafia, become a Disgraceland All Access member at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠disgracelandpod.com/membership⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. Sign up for our newsletter and get the inside dirt on events, merch and other awesomeness - ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠GET THE NEWSLETTER⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Follow Jake and DISGRACELAND: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Instagram⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠YouTube⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠X⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ (formerly Twitter)  ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Facebook Fan Group⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠TikTok To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoicesSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This week on the tease! Susan is sick! Eating Bad! Dental Surgery Percocet! Nitrous! Montana Prison in Texas! Joey Ramone!MORE! MORE! MORE! Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Send us a text---------Find us atInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/abcsofanaesthesia/Twitter: https://twitter.com/abcsofaWebsite: http://www.anaesthesiacollective.comPodcast: ABCs of AnaesthesiaPrimary Exam Podcast: Anaesthesia Coffee BreakFacebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/ABCsofAnaesthesiaFacebook Private Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/2082807131964430---------Check out all of our online courses and zoom teaching sessions here!https://anaesthesia.thinkific.com/collectionshttps://www.anaesthesiacollective.com/courses/---------#Anesthesiology #Anesthesia #Anaesthetics #Anaesthetists #Residency #MedicalSchool #FOAMed #Nurse #Medical #Meded ---------Please support me at my patreonhttps://www.patreon.com/ABCsofA---------Any questions please email abcsofanaesthesia@gmail.com---------Disclaimer: The information contained in this video/audio/graphic is for medical practitioner education only. It is not and will not be relevant for the general public.Where applicable patients have given written informed consent to the use of their images in video/photography and aware that it will be published online and visible by medical practitioners and the general public.This contains general information about medical conditions and treatments. The information is not advice and should not be treated as such. The medical information is provided “as is” without any representations or warranties, express or implied. The presenter makes no representations or warranties in relation to the medical information on this video. You must not rely on the information as an alternative to assessing and managing your patient with your treating team and consultant. You should seek your own advice from your medical practitioner in relation to any of the topics discussed in this episode' Medical information can change rapidly, and the author/s make all reasonable attempts to provide accurate information at the time of filming. There is no guarantee that the information will be accurate at the time of viewingThe information provided is within the scope of a specialist anaesthetist (FANZCA) working in Australia.The information presented here does not represent the views of any hospital or ANZCA.These videos are solely for training and education of medical practitioners, and are not an advertisement. They were not sponsored and offer no discounts, gifts or other inducements. This disclaimer was created based on a Contractology template available at http://www.contractology.com.

This Week on Dopey! Dave opens with a cocaine-barroom parody and rolls into updates: DopeyCon afterglow, Spotify/iTunes comments, LA travel nerves, and sponsor shout-outs. Listener Archie checks in with a salvia-in-underwear saga; another listener writes about rock-salt shrooms and missing the Dead's final Jerry show; “Chip” reports nearly a year sober and reflects on denial. Then Brace Belden (Truenon) sits down in Dave's new DIY studio for a sprawling hang: meetings vs. therapy, analysis and trazodone dreams, the weird science of memory, and a brutally honest tour through sex + drugs (boofing Suboxone film, poppers, Whippets/“galaxy gas,” meth, DMT, Quaaludes, coke dick, Hunter Biden-level decadence). They spar on politics without picking teams (meetings in “Trumpy” rooms, why rhetoric isn't the whole story), react to the Charlie Kirk assassination video, and play a relapse thought experiment (weed→benzos→opiate math vs. “new Research Chemicalss”). They close with Chrome-mags diplomacy drama, a rapid-fire “this or that,” Truenon live show plugs, and Dave's mural/Patreon notes before the end of another edition of that good old Dopey Show!    Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

If your state allows for the monitoring of Nitrous Oxide and you have it in your curriculum, this episode is for you. I cover the basics of Nitrous set-up - armamentarium - relative contraindications - and safety. Additional resources:Tutoring with Me: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://calendly.com/d/cszb-s4r-hy4/tutoring-with-billie⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Leave me a message or send a question I can share on the Podcast⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Here⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Time Management Prioritization Quiz - Find out how you rate ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠HERE ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Study Sheets: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://thehappyflosserrdh.etsy.com/ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Specialized Course: How to be successful in Dental Hygiene School⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://billie-lunt-s-school.teachable.com/p/how-to-be-successful-in-dental-hygiene-school⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Other Podcasts: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠blog.feedspot.com/dental_hygiene_podcasts/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠  Email Me: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠HappyflosserRDH@gmail.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Leave me a message or ask a question I can share on the Podcast ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Here ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Time Management Prioritization Quiz - Find out how you rate ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠HERE ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Check out my free scorecard for students - you can rank yourself on how you are doing to take action on the steps toward being a successful college student. Sign up on the Google doc ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠HERE⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ - I will send along your scorecard to use the entire time you are enrolled in school. Study Sheets: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://thehappyflosserrdh.etsy.com/ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Specialized Course: How to be successful in Dental Hygiene School⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://billie-lunt-s-school.teachable.com/p/how-to-be-successful-in-dental-hygiene-school⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Other Podcasts: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠blog.feedspot.com/dental_hygiene_podcasts/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Tooth fairy escape room ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Here ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Email Me: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠HappyflosserRDH@gmail.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Billie Lunt Media Kit: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.canva.com/design/DAGaiUvmKTI/R8NEtEIUAwS9pptthWb6QQ/view?utm_content=DAGaiUvmKTI&utm_campaign=designshare&utm_medium=link2&utm_source=uniquelinks&utlId=hb5fb9186b2⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

How did spraying water in an engine make more power anyway?? Connect with us! We love comments! patreon.com/WorldofWarbirds https://www.facebook.com/WorldofWB WOWB Twitter (X): @WorldofWarbird Tanner's Twitter (X): @beejuice21 Threads: world_of_warbirds_podcast Insta: world_of_warbirds_podcast bpearce29@gmail.com

We have it all today. Bad days at the dentist, Oasis concerts and pretty much everything in between!Y'all try out Lumi Gummies! They are fabulous with or without THC. Lumigummies.com code ROSEPRICKS for 30% off your order!

THE WES BUCK SHOW – EPISODE 395“PDRA, FAMILY FEUDS & BOOSTED GLORY”THE PDRA SHOWED OUT THIS WEEKEND.BIG CROWDS. BIG WINS. FAMILY PRIDE ON THE LINE.This week on The Wes Buck Show, we're hittin' the eighth-mile scene with a couple of certified bad asses, who just cashed in at one of the wildest PDRA races of the season.Up first, Randy Weatherford, who laid it down and took the win in Pro Boost. The guy was locked in from the jump, and when the finals rolled around, he delivered in a big way. We're breakin' down his weekend and the recipe behind that winning combo.Then, we've got Amber Franklin-Denton, who grabbed the W in Pro Nitrous in storybook fashion. She lined up against her dad, Tommy Franklin, in an all-out father-daughter final, and came out on top. Heart, horsepower, and history all rolled into one.Boost. Nitrous. Family Feuds. It's the kind of racing that reminds us why we love this sport.Wes Buck, JT “Murder T” Hudson, and Mike Carpenter are on the mic to recap it all, stir it up, and bring the energy.DON'T MISS IT! LET'S GOOOOO!⸻Each week on The Wes Buck Show, Wes Buck, JT “Murder T” Hudson, and Mike Carpenter bring their unique insights and analysis to the most electrifying moments and storylines from a packed weekend of drag racing.

Nitrous. A chance to live life to the fullest. To chase speed and adrenaline like never before, without the eyes of the law. Full throttle, full gas, full.. Nitrous. What could go wrong?Cabin Tales is the book of Death. Listen.. If you dare.Follow Us! ► [Twitter] - ⁠https://twitter.com/cabintale⁠ ► [Instagram] - ⁠https://www.instagram.com/thomashalleprod/?hl=en⁠ ► [Website] - ⁠https://www.thomashalle.com/cabin-tales⁠ _________________________________________________________________________ Business Inquiries: ► [Email] - ⁠info@thomashalle.com⁠ _________________________________________________________________________ Created by Thomas Halle. Full List of Credits : ► [IMDb] - ⁠https://www.imdb.com/title/tt28494257/

Quentin Reese of the Reese Brother Race Cars crew joins us to talk about the wide variety of race cars they build and compete with, what goes into them and more. Support those that support us! High Performance Academy: https://hpcdmy.co/Minnoxide Use code "MINNOX" for 55% off ANY course Use Code "MINVIP" for $300 of the MINVIP Package Tuned By Shawn: https://www.tunedbyshawn.com Code "Minnoxide" for 5% off! MORE BIGGER Turbo T-Shirts:  https://www.minnoxide.com/products/more-bigger-t-shirt

Vidcast:  https://www.instagram.com/p/DMYejqzMmN6/I Inhaling nitrous oxide from pressurized canisters, commonly called doing “whippets” or “ballooning,” filling balloons with the gas, can damage your mouth, voice box, and respiratory tract. A case report from the University of Virginia in the New England Journal of Medicine documents the nasty side of laughing gas use.A 23-year-old man presented to doctors there with a 2 day history of painful swallowing and hoarseness just following use of a “whippet” canister. Examination revealed swelling, redness, and peeling mouth and throat linings and a nasty ulceration on his right vocal cord. The cause of these injuries: frostbite.  Nitrous oxide, stored in pressurized liquid form, rapidly cools when released and converted to a gas. Inhaling it directly from a canister can expose your mouth and throat to extreme cold with partial or complete freezing and tissue damage similar to what you'd get from frostbite.The patient in question received oral and topical painkillers as well as an oral anti-inflammatory paste.  He never returned for follow up so we don't know how his injuries healed.Recreational nitrous oxide use is popular but not without its dangers when the gas is directly inhaled from an aerosol canister.  The common wisdom is that laughing gas is harmless, but, in addition to frostbite, its use can trigger nerve damage, vitamin B12 depletion, and multiple neurological issues with repeated use.https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMicm2502232#nitrousoxide #laughinggas #whippets #ballooning #frostbite

IV Narcotics, Nitrous Oxide, and More One of the most common questions I get during hospital shifts? “What other pain meds can I get if I don't want (or can't have) an epidural?” While epidurals are the go-to for many, they're definitely not the only option! In this episode of The Mommy Labor Nurse Podcast, I'm diving into: IV narcotics: what they are, how they work, and what to expect Nitrous oxide (aka laughing gas!): how it's used for labor pain relief Pros and cons of each option Plus a few non-medical pain relief ideas to consider too! Whether you're planning for an unmedicated birth or just want to know your options, this episode will help you feel more educated, empowered, and in control.

A nitrous American is beaten by an angry mob in front of my house, ICE clears out Los Angeles, ChatGPT psychosis, we investigate a group of insane people who have relationships with AI boyfriends, a fat woman falls off of a swing set, CAFE regulations are over, Orc City has fallen, waking up babies, and a woman can't stop laughing on Zoom; all that and more this week on The Dick Show!

Episode 2556 - Trump slams South African President. Another plane crash.. Nitrous oxide side effects. Is Joe Rogan going to church? Don't sing this Christian song? Plus much more!

Nitrous oxide, also sometimes known as “laughing gas,” is used in medicine for its sedative and anesthetic (pain prevention) properties. Joseph Priestley, an English chemist, and multidisciplinary scholar, first synthesized nitrous oxide, which has the chemical formula N2O, in 1772. After Priestley's initial discovery of this substance, fellow chemist Humphry Davy performed various tests on the substance, including breathing the gas alone, with oxygen, and with air. Through this testing, it became clear that nitrous oxide had psychogenic properties, including as a sedative and anesthetic (pain-preventer). At first, nitrous oxide was not used for its medicinal properties; it was sold recreationally as “laughing gas.” However, it was established for use in dentistry in the mid-1860s to relieve discomfort from tooth extractions and other painful dental procedures. By the 1880s, it was used for anesthesia during labor and childbirth. Today, nitrous oxide is still used in dentistry, during labor and childbirth, as well as in emergency medicine. When used medicinally, nitrous oxide is delivered with 30-70% oxygen so a person is never breathing in 100% nitrous oxide. Breathing in 100% nitrous oxide displaces oxygen from the lungs and can result in asphyxiation, damage the body's organs, and even death. Nitrous oxide is sometimes misused recreationally for its euphoric, pleasurable and hallucinogenic effects. However, inhaling nitrous oxide outside of medical settings can be dangerous and even deadly, particularly when used heavily. Although it's not common, repeated use of inhalants like nitrous oxide and whippets can also result in addiction, or substance use disorder. (CREDITS)

Watch BONUS episodes on Patreon: https://patreon.com/dannyjones Hamilton Morris is a journalist, documentarian, and scientific researcher. He is the creator of the VICE television series 'Hamilton's Pharmacopeia', in which he investigated the chemistry, history, and cultural impact of various psychoactive drugs. SPONSORS https://nordvpn.com/dannyjones ⬅ Exclusive Deal: Try risk-free w/ 30-day money back guarantee. https://hims.com/danny ⬅ Start your FREE online visit today. https://whiterabbitenergy.com/?ref=DJP ⬅ Use code DJP for 20% off. EPISODE LINKS Hamilton's YouTube - @HamiltonMorris https://www.patreon.com/HamiltonMorris https://www.instagram.com/hamiltonmorris FOLLOW DANNY JONES https://www.instagram.com/dannyjones https://twitter.com/jonesdanny OUTLINE 00:00 - Mr. Death 08:47 - Chaos: Charles Manson & CIA mind control 16:24 - US Military 'astrology computers' 25:21 - Kratom & substance dependency 35:26 - How Hamilton overcomes fear 38:09 - VICE early days & downfall 51:05 - Evolution of anti-drug propaganda 59:38 - What really causes addiction 01:06:22 - Ambien 01:09:05 - Fentanyl contamination in street drugs 01:17:21 - Haiti's zombie drug ritual 01:30:17 - The Sarlo Family Foundation 01:38:40 - Psychedelics in the church 01:44:57 - Ammon Hillman & the chemical muse 01:55:57 - The bicameral mind 02:01:41 - Venom as ancient vaccines 02:06:47 - DARPA psychedelic research 02:16:12 - DMT laser experiment 02:26:26 - Locked out of DMT? 02:32:57 - Doing toad venom DMT 02:34:50 - Nitrous oxide and Kayne West 02:46:04 - Xenon gas & methylene blue Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

05-07-25 - BR - WED - Non 100 Percent Juice Can't Have Fruit Pics In Japan - Penguin Poop Emits Nitrous - 11 Percent Say They Would Try To Hitchhike Today - Woman Arrested w/Pet Racoon Shown Holding Meth Pipe - Bret Video Sparks A 70s Toy RantSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

05-07-25 - BR - WED - Non 100 Percent Juice Can't Have Fruit Pics In Japan - Penguin Poop Emits Nitrous - 11 Percent Say They Would Try To Hitchhike Today - Woman Arrested w/Pet Racoon Shown Holding Meth Pipe - Bret Video Sparks A 70s Toy RantSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

In this episode, we dive into the early therapies and how our understanding of vascular physiology drastically changed the management of pulmonary hypertension. Intro 0:12 In this episode 0:18 Recap of part 1 & 2 0:31 What part 3 is about 2:31 WHO conference in 1975: Treating pulmonary hypertension 3:48 The Discovery of Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), Part 1 5:20 Epoprostenol 6:18 Prostacyclin 10:37 Endothelin antagonists 11:41 Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors 14:08 Interaction of nerves and blood vessels 15:06 The Soups VS the Sparks 17:36 A dreamed experiment 19:06 Acetylcholine 23:23  Enter “the calabar bean” 24:45 Acetylcholine and vasodilation: 1976 26:01 Rabbit aorta 27:45 Nitric oxide 29:38 Why are we using nitric oxide to treat pulmonary hypertension? 31:31 Tachyphylaxis 33:48 TNT factories 35:09 Nitrous oxide and tachyphylaxis 36:52 Pfizer in the 1980s 38:06 Understanding the trigger of pulmonary hypertension 40:53 PDE5 and nitric oxide and pulmonary hypertension 43:07 The end of the ripping yarns 44:20 Coming up in part 4 46:17 Thanks for listening 47:29 We'd love to hear from you! Send your comments/questions to Dr. Brown at rheuminationspodcast@healio.com. Follow us on Twitter @HRheuminations @AdamJBrownMD @HealioRheum. References: Bernard C. C R Soc Biol. 1851;3:163-164. Furchgott RF, et al. Nature. 1980;doi:10.1038/288373a0. Galiè N, et al. N Engl J Med. 2005;doi:10.1056/NEJMoa050010. Ghofrani HA, et al. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006;doi:10.1038/nrd2030. Giordano D, et al. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2001;doi:10.1016/s0167-4889(01)00086-6. Guthrie F. Q J Chem Soc. 1859;doi:10.1039/QJ8591100245. Higenbottam T, et al. Lancet. 1984;doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(84)91452-1. Marsh N, et al. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2000;doi:10.1046/j.1440-1681.2000.03240.x. Montastruc JL, et al. Clin Auton Res. 1996;doi:10.1007/BF02281906. Nejad SH, et al. Future Cardiol. 2024;doi:10.1080/14796678.2024.2367390. Tansey EM. C R Biol. 2006;doi:10.10116/j.crvi.2006.03.012. Warren JV. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc. 1988;99:10-6. Disclosures: Brown reports no relevant financial disclosures.

OhGeesy talks about his latest projects, Shoreline Mafia, Kendrick, and more. ----- Promote Your Music with No Jumper - https://nojumper.com/pages/promo CHECK OUT OUR ONLINE STORE!!! https://nojumper.com NO JUMPER PATREON   / nojumper   CHECK OUT OUR NEW SPOTIFY PLAYLIST https://open.spotify.com/playlist/5te... Follow us on SNAPCHAT   / 4874336901   Follow us on SPOTIFY: https://open.spotify.com/show/4z4yCTj... iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/n... Follow us on Social Media:   / 4874336901     / nojumper     / nojumper     / nojumper     / nojumper   JOIN THE DISCORD:   / discord   Follow Adam22:   / adam22     / adam22     / adam22   adam22bro on Snapchat Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Nitrous oxide or laughing gas misuse is a growing epidemic that's flying under the radar. Dr. Phil exposes the dangerous consequences of this legal high, which is easily accessible to teens and can lead to devastating effects on the body and mind.  Tonight, Dr. Phil sits down with Rachel and Jenna, two young women in recovery from nitrous oxide addiction. They open up about how their misuse of this legal substance left them unable to walk or care for themselves. Jenna's father shares the heartbreaking impact of his daughter's addiction, revealing how it pushed him to fight for restrictions on sales of nitrous oxide in his state. Dr. Charles Sophy joins the conversation to explain exactly why the misuse of nitrous oxide is so addictive and dangerous, shedding light on the shocking consequences of this seemingly harmless substance. Dr. Phil dives deep into the growing crisis and what parents need to know to protect their kids from this legal high they can get in any gas station. Thank you to our sponsors: Beam: Visit https://ShopBeam.com/DrPhil and use code DRPHIL for up to 40% off. Preserve Gold: Visit: https://preservegold.com/  Get a FREE precious metals guide that contains essential information on how to help protect your accounts. Text “DRPHIL” to 50505 to claim this exclusive offer from Preserve Gold today.

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This week on Dopey! We are joined by addiction/recovery heavyweight, VP of Public Affairs at Hazlelden/Betty Ford, author of BROKEN and BROKEN OPEN - William Cope Moyers! William takes us down the long path of growing up in the limelight and succumbing to addiction - only to claw his way out becoming one of the countries most heralded speakers and writers of recovery. When dental problems struck! William had extensive surgery and got excessive oxys prescribed! Here what happens next on a very special new episode of that good old Dopey Show! PLUS! The Origin of Boofing Meth in OKC, Doing Coke in Kabul and much much more on this weeks newest DOPEY!  What AI says: Dopey Nation. Dave dives headfirst into an episode so jam-packed with raw honesty, wild tales, and dark humor that your headphones might file for workers' comp. Joining him is the legendary William Cope Moyers—author, public advocate, recovery powerhouse, and Suboxone truth-teller—to unravel the rollercoaster of addiction, redemption, and, yes, a little “dark energy” courtesy of painkillers. What's Inside This Week's Madness?