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In this third installment of our series on the Jinshin no Ran, we are covering the battles that took place in the Nara basin.   Of course, while the fighting focuses on the generals, most of it was done by conscripts--farmers and other common people called up to fight. For more, check out of podcast webpage:  https://sengokudaimyo.com/podcast/episode-131   Rough Transcript: Welcome to Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  My name is Joshua, and this is episode 131: The Jinshin no Ran, Part 3: Fighting in the Nara Basin   Maro stood under the tsuki tree and gazed at the walls of the great temple.  The gates and tiled roof were truly an incredible sight.  Maro's home wasn't that far away, but until he'd been called up for service to the government, he hadn't thought much beyond the valley where he and his family tilled the land.  Their life had been largely spent in the village, tucked up in the valley, farming rice, hunting in the mountains, and gathering firewood.   He remembered how, years ago, his brothers had been the ones to go and do their service.  They had been called up to build some kind of giant fortress on the top of a mountain.  The stories they  brought back were incredible—it was one thing to hear tales of the outside world from merchants and itinerant priests, but it was different to hear them from someone you actually knew.  Now, it was Maro's turn.  But he hadn't been called up for labor—he was going to have to fight.  He tried to psych himself up.  Many of the men and, frankly, young boys who were there with him were in a similar boat.  Some were old hands, having served multiple times.  Others were new and, like Maro, there for the first time.  None of them were professional soldiers, though you wouldn't know that by the way some of them swaggered through the camp.  They had been called up quickly, with only a little information.  Apparently Prince Ohoama, they were told, had rebelled against the government.  He and his men were gathering in the east and at any moment they could attack the capital in Ohotsu, and from there they would swing down and attack the ancient capital.  So here they were, several hundred conscripts, pulled from households around the ancient capital, gathered and waiting for their weapons and armor so that they could then get their marching orders—quite literally. Suddenly, Maro heard a commotion in the north.  He couldn't see what was happening, but the murmurs turned to shouting.  Prince Takechi, the son of the demonic rebel, Ohoama, was here, coming from the north with hundreds of expert soldiers on horseback!  Panic set in, and even though a few of the officers tried to quell the disturbance, it wasn't enough.  Afraid for what might come, Maro and those like him broke ranks and fled.  Maro gave little thought to what might happen to his family and friends if he deserted—he was no longer thinking rationally.  Along with his compatriots—his would-be brothers-in-arms if they had been given any—he hoped that he could hide, and that, if he survived, maybe, just maybe, he could somehow make it back home in one piece.   Welcome back.  Content warning for this episode—we are going to be talking about war, including death, fighting, and suicide. As I noted at the start, this is part three of our look at the Jinshin no Ran, the Jinshin War—sometimes translated as a “Disturbance” or a “Rebellion”.  This was the war between the supporters of Prince Ohoama, also known as Temmu, and Prince Ohotomo, aka Koubun.  Ohoama's side is sometimes called the Yoshino or even the Yamato court, as he had quote-unquote “retired” from the world and become a monk at a temple in Yoshino, south of Asuka, in the old area of Yamato.  Meanwhile, Ohotomo's supporters were the Afumi court—including most of the ministers running the state from the capital in Ohotsu, on the shores of lake Biwa, the area known as Afumi.  So let's take a look at what has happened so far, and then we can get into the events we are talking about today: a look at the soldiers who were fighting, their gear, and then some of the fighting that went on—specifically the fighting that happened in the Nara Basin.  I'll do my best to organize things based on the rough timeline that they seem to have occurred. Now previously, we had covered how Ohoama, brother to Naka no Oe aka Tenchi Tennou, had given up his title as Crown Prince and retired, supposedly to prevent any concerns that he might rebel and try to take the throne, but this wasn't enough for Ohotomo and the Court, who had begun to raise forces against him.  And so Ohoama and his supporters had just made a desperate dash eastwards, across the mountain roads to Ise.  From there they secured the Fuwa and Suzuka passes, two of the main routes to the East Countries.  Ohoama had then sent out requests for assistance to those same countries, hoping to find allies who would support him against the apparently legitimate government in Ohotsu. We are told that Ohoama was joined at this time by two of his sons: Prince Takechi and Prince Ohotsu. And here I want to pause to note something that I didn't point out last episode: These princes were not quite as old as you might think from the way they are portrayed in the Chronicle.  Prince Takechi, who had been given command of the troops at Fuwa Barrier, was only 19 years old.  Granted, that is only 4 years younger than their rival, Prince Ohotomo, and only a couple of years younger than the famous Minamoto Yoshitsune would be when he joined his brother in the Genpei Wars, over 500 years later.  Prince Ohotsu, however, was a bit younger, as he is believed to have been about 10 years old at this time, which likely explains why he is not so prominent in the narrative.  I mention this because the Nihon Shoki often omits details like age and can make it seem like these were all seasoned adult men and women, when it may have been that they were simply of high enough status to be mentioned, even though others were likely running their affairs for them.  In Prince Takechi's case, while he was likely old enough to take charge of the forces at Fuwa, it is also clear that his father was nearby and overseeing things, so everything didn't rest solely on his son's shoulders. Meanwhile, the Afumi court was raising its own soldiers.  While their delegation to the East was stopped at the captured Fuwa Pass, they also had sent word to the west.  Kibi and Tsukushi are specifically mentioned, but we know that they were raising troops elsewhere, including in the home province regions of Yamato and Kawachi. Here it should be noted that the Nihon Shoki is pretty clearly pro-Temmu, in other words pro-Ohoama.  There is some evidence from textual analysis, however, that the Temmu portions of the narrative differ from the Tenchi portions.  Torquil Duthie, in his book, “Man'yōshū and the Imperial Imagination in Early Japan”, recounts how scholarship has identified at least two—possibly three—different groups of compilers who managed different reigns.  The Tenchi narrative is more neutral, while the Temmu narrative provides a bit more of an accusatory tone, and both narratives provide slightly different accounts of the same events—notably the death of Naka no Oe, Prince Ohoama taking vows, and Prince Ohotomo succeeding his father.  On the other side, Duthie mentions  the Kaifusou, a collection of Sinitic style poetry created in 751, just 31 years after the Nihon Shoki, where in the introduction, the author seems to be much more sympathetic to Prince Ohotomo and his cause, implying that Oama was the one rising up against the legitimate government. I mention this just to help us remember that our primary source is not exactly neutral about all of this, and we should keep that in mind as we are trying to sort out what was going on.  The narrative also often makes it seem as though the outcome was inevitable, but we should remember that at the time all of these events were going down, the people involved couldn't have known how they were going to turn out— in the moment, anything could have happened, especially in times of war. Speaking of which, we know that the two sides were raising troops, so let's talk about what we know about those troops and what combat may have looked like at this time.  While we don't exactly have detailed accounts, there is a lot we can piece together through the archaeological record and other sources.  To that end we have evidence of armor and weapons, as well as shields, and we can also look at haniwa through the 6th and even early 7th century to give us an idea of local armor styles.  Let's first look back on how soldiers were conscripted.  Each household seems to have been responsible for supplying a soldier, when required.  They were also to supply their equipment.  This included a sword, armor, bows and arrows, as well as a flag and drum. In historical parades, today, we often see row upon row of soldiers kitted out in matching clothing, appearing relatively cohesive and well-regimented.  In truth it is hard to know just how similar any one group might have been.  Based on later historical examples, it is safe to assume that many of the soldiers may not have had much armor, if any, and even if they did it might have been made of wood or leather, which were unlikely to survive to the modern day. Of course, I would also question just how often they were able to afford everything mentioned.  And since we are told that as the government was gathering soldiers it was also opening up storehouses of weapons and armor, I suspect that indicates that not everyone had their own.  And even if they did, it may have been of questionable quality. That said, if a warrior did have armor, it was likely one of two types, variations of which were both found on the continent. The first type is characterized by a solid, circular cuirass, often called a “tankou”, or short armor.  These were made of strips of iron that were shaped on a wooden form and then riveted or tied together into a solid cuirass, which is why it is also called a type of “plate” armor.  One side of the armor was hinged and could open so that the wearer could get in.  There are some tankou with a hanging skirt of tassets that flare out as well, protecting the legs, and even examples of pieces that also go around the neck, shoulder guards, and arm guards.  The tankou seems to date from at least the 3rd or 4th century, with changes in design over time, and we know that it continued through at least the 6th century. Compare this to the keikou, or hanging armor.  Keikou was a kind of lamellar armor, made of individual scales, later known as “sane”.  These metal scales, also known as lamellae, were held together with lacing, and made for a much more flexible, and presumably comfortable, armor.  The tradeoff for this comfort was that keikou likely took a lot more labor to make, and thus were considered a more elite armor, possibly used by men on horseback or at least by those leading the troops.  Looking into the future a bit, we know that in the 8th century there were “tankou” and “keikou” being donated to the Shousouin repository at Toudaiji.  However, it isn't clear that “tankou” and “keikou” in the 8th century referred to exactly this kind of armor, and we may have been dealing with something else entirely, because there is a lacuna in our understanding of armor on the archipelago between the end of the Asuka period and the appearance of the more familiar yoroi in the Heian period comes about.  There are conjectured transitional armors, based on continental models, which are thought to have been used.  Still, at this very point in time, when Ohoama is mounting his rebellion against Ohotomo, the Keikou and Tankou are generally thought to have still been in use, and this is generally how you will see the two sides represented. As for weapons, perhaps the most common that we see is the bow and arrow.  Archery is extremely practical, not only for its ability to be used from a distance, but also because in times of peace people can use the same bows to hunt, thus making hunting prowess a kind of stand-in for military prowess.  The way of the bow—in fact the way of the horse and bow, or Kyuuba no Michi—would be the main pillar of martial prowess in the archipelago for centuries.  The iconic sword, while important—it was, after all, one of the three sacred regalia—was more of a side-arm, deployed in close quarters combat.  It was still important, as it could be easily carried with you.  However, it is more likely that massed troops might have had spears and various types of polearms, providing reach.  Those are harder to just casually carry around, however, especially if you are mainly using a bow.  Perhaps that is part of the reason that we don't hear as much about such weapons, and most of the focus seems to be on the archers and on swords. There were also at this time shields.  We know that the Hayato of southern Kyushu were particularly known for them, but there evidence that they were more widely used.  After all, a shield made of wood would have made an important defense against a rain of arrows coming from the enemy. As for the horses, some of them may have even had their own barding, or armor, though I suspect, again, that was rare, and reserved for elites.  All of this together gives us some idea of what it may have looked like when Ohoama and Ohotomo's forces engaged in battle, though it is still conjecture.  We know that they had spears, and swords, and bows.  We know that some of the first men that Prince Ohoama picked up on his journey was to conscript archers to his service, who then were pressed into taking a government post station.    We also don't necessarily see a lot of individual fighting described in the records, though there are exceptions. Later on, there was a tradition of individual warriors calling out challenges in the midst of battle, that became an accepted practice in the early culture of the bushi, or samurai, but we don't see that in the Chronicles.    Certainly we see moments of individual valor which are remembered, likely because of the benefits that the hero's descendants could then claim for themselves.   But for the most part it seems that the people actually doing the fighting were groups of conscripted soldiers, not the hired warriors of later periods.  Even among groups like the Mononobe, the Be of the Warriors, it isn't clear that they would have been the ones on the front lines—not if they could help it, anyway.  Most of these were farmers and similar commoners, who were called up to fight as necessary.  Some of them may have seen action over on the Korean peninsula, or even in local skirmishes.  Others would have been fresh out of the fields, joining the ranks for the first time.  They were not exactly volunteers, but also didn't have much of a choice.  It was the draft on steroids. I also suspect that the act of conscription, where a soldier was offered up by a household, or family,, meant that desertion would mean that their family would be punished. While the elite generals providing the men were no doubt gauging how this would affect their own political and economic fortunes, I imagine that the average soldier had much less agency and could look forward to many fewer rewards.  In fact, I suspect his main goal would have been one of survival.  Perhaps if one fought well, they could earn something more for themselves, and perhaps there were cultural concepts of loyalty to one's local elites and leadership.  And maybe there were leaders who inspired them to do great things.  However, works like the Nihon Shoki were rarely concerned with the lives of the common people, except when it shined a light on the sovereigns and their court.   It was much more concerned with how this affected the upper caste of society. There is also the question about just what kind of fighting this system led to.  Again, these are not the bushi—a warrior class who prided themselves on their martial prowess.  And neither were they standing armies.  While there were likely some who regularly served and trained and found they had a skill at war, how many were simple farmers who were now holding a spear instead of a spade?  These are things to keep in mind as we follow along with tales of glorious victory or ignoble defeat. So, that's a glimpse at who was actually doing the fighting.  As for the timeline of the battle, let's get into it.  But first, a caveat:  as we should be used to by now, the exact chronology of the events listed in the Nihon Shoki is not entirely clear.  The Nihon Shoki provides a narrative, but often it includes actions that took several days or even weeks on a single date where the events apparently culminated.  Using cues, such as “one day later” or such things, we can piece together a narrative, but I may not have it 100% accurate.  It doesn't help that the Nihon Shoki seems to focus on different campaigns separately, even though much of it was happening at the same time.  That's compounded by the fact that all of this was being recorded much later, and so there is also a great possibility that even some of the seemingly clear dates were also wrong, or were adjusted to make for a better flow in the narrative.  So I'm going to do my best to piece together what I roughly feel was the chronological order, but just be aware that dates may not be all that precise.    In the coming conflict we see several main arenas.  First, there is the area around Lake Biwa, from the Fuwa pass towards Ohotsu.  This was Ohoama's main path to try and put an end to this whole affair—to make his way to Ohotsu, the capital, and cut off the head of the snake.  To do that he would have to leave his defensive position and venture out around the lake, where Afumi forces no doubt lay in wait.  At the same time, there was also fierce fighting in the Nara Basin, with Yoshino and Afumi forces clashing there across the plains.  And we cannot forget the Kafuka, or Kouka, pass over to Suzuka.  If the Afumi forces could push through to Suzuka, then they could march along the coastal plains of Mie up through Owari and come at Ohoama's forces from behind. In previous episodes we covered the leadup to this part of the conflict, and while there had been some fighting at the post stations on the road to Suzuka, as well as captured envoys at Fuwa Pass, so far we haven't seen any major fighting.  If the timeline in the Nihon Shoki is to be believed, the first serious clashes seem to have occurred in the Yamato region and the Nara basin. In general, however, there seems to have been two main campaigns.  There was the fighting in the Nara Basin, and then there was the fighting along the shores of Lake Biwa. Everything started off at the end of the 6th month with Ohoama's mad dash to capture the passes at Suzuka and Fuwa, where he waited while he gathered up men from the Eastern countries.  While that was happening, the Afumi court was out recruiting men for their own war.  This would lead to some of the earliest formal battles between the two sides taking place in the Nara Basin, originally a recruitment center, it turned into a battle zone.  Yoshino aligned forces would push north, only to be blocked by armies coming down from the capital at Ohotsu, as well as forces coming through the gap between Yamato and Kawachi, where the Yamato river leaves the basin through the western mountains.  The fighting happened largely over the course of a week or so.  It started around the 29th day of the 6th month, and seems to have ended between the 4th or 6th day of the 7th month.  So keep that in mind. As you may recall from last episode, two brothers, Ohotomo no Muraji no Makuda and Ohotomo no Muraji no Fukei, upon hearing that Ohoama was rising up, both feigned illness, using that as an excuse to leave the court at Ohotsu and return to their family compounds in the Yamato region.  From there, Makuda made haste to catch up with Ohoama and his men, but his brother, Fukei, stayed behind to see what he could do in Yamato. Originally, Fukei's success was limited.  He started calling various allied families together and tried to drum up support for Ohoama, but he could only gather a few tens of men.  Not the hundreds, let alone thousands, that would be needed.  At the same time, the Afumi court was conscripting men of the Yamato region into service.  This was being organized by Hodzumi no Obito no Momotari and his younger brother, Hodzumi no Obito no Ihoye, along with Mononobe no Obito no Hiuga, who had all been sent to Yamato on the orders of the Afumi court, apparently arriving shortly after Fukei.  This group set up their base of operations at the Wokamoto palace—it was, after all, the official government presence and they were the official government representatives —and they used the grounds west of Houkouji, aka Asukadera, as their assembly grounds. Ohotomo no Fukei knew that something would have to be done.  If those conscripted Yamato soldiers were formed into a proper army and sent out, it could cause a lot of trouble for Ohoama and his men.  And fortunately, Fukei had a man on the inside: apparent ally, Sakanouhe no Atahe no Kumage, the officer in charge of the Wokamoto Palace, working for Prince Takazaka who resided there.  And so Fukei had a plan—he would impersonate the Royal Prince Takechi, son of Ohoama, and pretend to lead a force of cavalry to attack the camp at Asukadera.  To strengthen the illusion, Fukei would come in from the north, which is where Prince Takechi and his men would presumably be coming from.  Now remember, Fukei only had tens of people that were actually on his side at this point, and the camp was presumably much larger.  If they didn't fall for his ruse, Fukei would be marching straight to his death. Fukei marshalled his troops at the house of Kudara, which is to say “Baekje”, and then left out of the south gate.  He then had an accomplice, Hada no Miyatsuko no Kuma, dressed in nothing but a loincloth, mount a horse and gallop as fast as he could towards the camp.  You can imagine the confusion in the camp as this wild, naked man gallops up to them in a panic and starts telling them that Prince Takechi and his men were on their way with a huge force. When the conscripted soldiers heard this, they panicked.  While the men were gathered, it seems that they hadn't yet been outfitted with weapons and armor, so the entire camp broke and fled.  And so Fukei was able to waltz in with his tens of men and take the camp at Asukadera, capturing Prince Takazaka and those sent from Ohotsu to levy troops.  Fukei's ally, Kumage, the man on the inside, helped with this, along with the soldiers under the command of him and the Aya no Atahe.  And so they were able to disperse the conscripted Yamato forces before they were even assembled.  However, it turned out that someone was missing.  Hodzumi no Omi no Momotari, who had been appointed leader of the operation, was not at Asukadera.  It turns out that he was over at the Woharida Palace, where he was reviewing the armory, taking out the weapons and armor for the troops that he thought were still over at Asukadera. And so Fukei continued the ruse: he sent a messenger to summon Momotari, claiming to be a summons from Prince Takechi himself. Momotari, hearing this, likely knew that he had lost, but he apparently maintained his dignity.  He didn't run away or rush to the camp.  Instead he approached on horseback in a leisurely fashion.  When he reached the encampment, now under Fukei's command, one of the soldiers shouted at Momotari to get off his horse, but Momotari, likely trying to keep what remained of his dignity, was slow in doing so.  The men around him didn't care one whit for his dignity, however.  They grabbed his collar and pulled him off of the horse, dragging him to the ground.  He was shot with an arrow and then a man drew his sword and struck him and killed him.  We aren't even told who did this deed, just how it was done. As for the others, Momonatari's brother, Hodzumi no Ihoye and Mononobe no Hiuga were bound, but eventually they were released amongst the troops, where they were no doubt watched carefully.  Princes Takazaka no Ou and Wakasa no Ou, the representatives of the Afumi court in Asuka, were made to follow behind the army.  With this victory under his belt, Ohotomo no Fukei sent messengers to Prince Ohoama, at the Fuwa pass, to let him know what had happened.  When the messengers finally reached Ohoama we are told that he was quite pleased with the result.  After all, it meant that his rearguard was that much more secure. We are told that these events took place on or about the 29th day of the 6th month, around the same time that Ohoama was overseeing the troops at Wazami, only a few days after he and the real Prince Takechi had made their way to that camp.  Things were evolving quickly.  Fukei's success drew others to his banner.  Miwa no Kimi no Takechimaro, Kamo no Kimi no Yemishi, and othes all joined Fukei's forces, “like an echo”.  With a now more sizeable force, it seems that Fukei believed he was ready to take the fight to the Afumi court.  He and his advisors drew up plans for invading Afumi, selecting men to be deputy commanders and military commanders, providing a hierarchy and some organization.  From there, a few days later, he began to march north from Asuka, towards Nara. Now Nara at this point was just a name for the northwest area of the basin—they probably didn't even think of it as the Nara basin back then.  But it was along the road that led north, through the mountains, and from there through Yamashiro and eventually on to Afumi.  As Fukei was headed north, however,  he received word that there was another force coming from the Kawachi in the west.  And so he split his forces.  Sakamoto no Omi no Takara and others were sent with some 300 troops to take a defensive position at Tatsuta.  Sami no Kimi no Sukunamaro was also sent with another several hundred men to Ohosaka… no, not that Ohosaka.  Afusaka in modern Kashiba, in western Nara Basin.  This area would have been a strategic defensive point for any troops taking the road from Kawachi, so if anyone got past Sakamoto no Takara, Sukunamaro and his troops would be waiting. The now General Fukei also sent Kamo no Yemishi with another several hundred men to guard the Iwate road, to defend that approach as well.  Now Sakamoto no Takara, who had been sent to engage the troops coming from Kawachi, reached the area of Hiraishi when he heard that Afumi forces were occupying the nearby castle of Takayasu mountain.  You may recall that Takayasu was one of the Korean style fortresses that had been built in anticipation of a possible invasion from the continent, and it had even been repaired a few times.  Now it was being used not against an outside enemy, but in an internal conflict. Takara and his men marched up the mountain, intending to attack the castle, and here we should probably give a better idea of just what this castle was like.  If you think of a modern Japanese castle the thing that likely stands out, no pun intended, is the Tenshukaku, or donjon; the multi-storied tower located somewhere inside the walls and moats of the castle proper.  This would be an ideal location to spy over the walls and see where the enemy were, as well as an area from which one could make a last ditch stand. The castles of the Asuka period were not like this.  They were built off of a continental model, and their defining feature was not the donjon—though they likely did have gate and guard towers set up so that one could see attacking forces.  No, the defining feature was really the walls.  Long, compacted-earth walls, possibly lined with stone, which snaked around the top of a mountain.  This castle style leveraged the natural contours of existing mountain tops to provide its defense.  It didn't hurt that they also provided clear views of what was happening on the plains below, and required attacking troops to march up a steep mountain climb and then attack uphill.  The tradeoff was that these weren't the kind of places that people would live, when most of the infrastructure of the state was in the fertile plains and surrounding areas.  So these castles had granaries to keep troops fed, and perhaps some basic buildings erected within the walls, but they were largely a practical design. You can still go see the Takayasu ruins, today, and you don't have to hike up the mountain as Takara and his men did.  Instead you can take a cable car up to the top, or even a regular car on the roads that drive up to the old castle site, though how much you can see I'm not sure.  There are also other castle ruins and even old kofun on the mountain, as its prominence has been recognized as important in many different centuries. There likely weren't a lot of troops manning the castle, certainly not enough that they felt they had much chance of defending it.  So when Takara and his men made it up to the top, they Afumi forces burned the granaries, so as to deny him any supplies, and then took off, discretion being the better part of valor.  Takara and his men spent the evening at the castle, no doubt recovering from their hike up.  Remember, this wasn't just a leisurely stroll—they were no doubt fully kitted out for war.  When they woke the next morning they looked out over the surrounding countryside, of which they now had fantastic views, and   Takara noticed a large army coming down along the Ohotsu-Tajihi road.  They carried flags, which I don't know how Takara could have seen at that point, which identified them as being the enemy - troops of the Afumi general, Iki no Fubito no Karakuni. And so Takara and his men descended from Takayasu, crossed the Ega River—now known as the Ishi river, and engaged Karakuni's army.  They were only 300 men, however, and Karakuni had a much larger forcem so  Takara was unable to maintain a defense.  And so they made a strategic withdrawal—in other words retreated—back to Kashikosaka, apparently a part of Afusaka, where Ki no Omi no Oho'oto had been set to guard.  So Ohotomo and the Afumi court finally scored a win. Besides his victory against Takara and his men, we are also told that Karakuni had come upon Kume no Omi no Shihoko, the governor of Kawachi.  Shihoko had been gathering troops to go fight for Ohoama, but he was found out by Karakuni.  Karakuni captured him and was going to execute him, but before he could, Shihoko took his own life, instead. As Takara was retreating and setting up a new defensive position, Fukei had his own problems to worry about.  As he was camped with his troops on Mt. Narayama, one of his men, Aradawo no Atahe no Akamaro, addressed him and suggested that they should make sure to fortify Asuka, just in case.  Fukei agreed, and sent Akamaro as well as Imbe no Kobito to guard the Okamoto Palace in Asuka.  They also made sure to remove the planks from any bridges, using them to setup fortifications along the road.  Now any army that wished to cross would either have to swim or they would need to come across the narrow beams that were all that was left of the bridges.  This was not ideal at the best of times, but you can imagine doing it as troops on the other side were shooting arrows at you.  And yet this has become a near classic trope in Japanese war stories and it won't be the only time it comes up in various historical contexts.  It wouldn't even be the only time it shows up in this current conflict. A day later, Fukei found himself engaged with an Afumi general, Ohono no Kimi no Hatayasu, on Mt. Narayama itself.  Despite Fukei having had time to set up a defensive position, the Afumi forces overwhelmed Fukei's men.  They were defeated and Fukei himself barely escaped with his life.  Fukei fled south with only one or two men, also on horseback, with Hatayasu hot on his heels, only stopping when they reached Hatta and the Yamato river.  At that point the fortifications were in place, and Hatayasu likely knew that any trying to cross the river after Fukei would likely not go nearly as well as it did at Narayama. As for General Fukei he kept going all the way until he reached Sumizaka, which appears to be in Uda.  There he fell in with Okizome no Muraji no Usagi, at the head of several tens of thousands of men.  Usagi had been with Ohoama , but upon hearing of the fighting in Yamato, Ohoama had sent him  and others to go back through the Suzuka pass to provide reinforcements.  One can only imagine how happy Fukei was at this point to see Usagi and all of thise men.  Fukei turned back around and encamped at Kanatsunawi—possibly modern Imai-cho, Kashihara city.  There he was able to gather many of the dispersed troops back into a force once again. About this time, Fukei heard that the Afumi forces were also approaching along the Afusaka road.  So now they were approaching from both the north and the west.  They were also taking several different roads—inside the largely flat area of the Nara Basin, they likely had several choices.  Takara and Oho-oto had been unable to meet the enemy and had kept retreating, likely seeking a defensible position.  As they did this, Fukei came from the east with his reinforcements.  He made it to where the roads branched at Tahema—modern Taima—where he fought with Iki no Karakuni nearby Ashi-kie pond, possibly somewhere near modern Chimata.  During the battle, one of Fukei's men, a brave warrior known to us only as “Kume”, drew his sword and rushed straight into the midst of the enemy army.  Of course one lone man wasn't likely to do much, but he inspired a cavalry charge, and men on horseback followed closely at his heels.  Seeing this force bearing quickly down on them, the Afumi troops broke, and soon it was a rout.  Fukei's men pursued, cutting down the Afumi soldiers as they fled, until Fukei finally reined them in. At this point, Fukei then admonished his troops that their goal was to take out the ringleaders, not to just indiscriminately murder the common people.  Remember, which side of the battlefield you ended up fighting on was largely a function of who had conscripted you, and Fukei evidently knew this.  As the men were still retreating, though, Fukei noticed that the Afumi general, Karakuni – one of those ringleaders - had gotten himself separated from his men.  Fukei ordered Kume—presumably the same one who had charged the army in the first place—to shoot at him, but Kume's arrow missed, and Karakuni made his escape.  Rather than pursuing, Fukei returned back to his headquarters. Once there, Fukei now learned that there were enemy forces approaching from the East, as well.  So Fukei took the army and divided it into three, defending the Upper, Middle, and Lower roads, and he took personal charge of the forces on the middle road, likely so that he could easily keep in touch with the other forces.  He was also waiting for the next challenge, and he didn't have to wait for long: the Afumi general Inukai no Muraji no Isogimi approached along the Middle Road.  He halted at Muraya, but his deputy commander, Ihoriwi no Miyatsuko no Kujira, attacked Fukei's camp with 200 specially picked soldiers.  Now it turns out that when they reached the camp, there were only a few people actually there at the time, including one Tokumaro, described as a slave of Ohowidera temple, and four “people following the army” – in other words, these might not have been actual soldiers.  .  Nevertheless, together this small group rallied, formed an advance guard and went forward, shooting arrows at Kujira's forces.  Kujira, not knowing that Fukei's camp was all but empty, halted his advance. Meanwhile, over on the Upper Road, Miwa no Takechimaro and Okizome no Usagi, who had been sent by Ohoama from Fuwa, fought with the Afumi army at the Hashi Misasagi—which is assumed to be the Hashihaka kofun, and they overwhelmingly defeated the Afumi army there, such that they was able to pivot from there and swing their forces over to the Middle road.  There they slammed into the flank of Kujira's army, who had stopped to trade blows with Fukei's camp.  Many of the common soldiers were killed, and the general, Kujira, ran off, mounted on a white horse.  Unfortunately for him, the horse took a misstep and tumbled into a muddy-rice field. Kujira was bogged down in the mud and having trouble getting out.  General Fukei, seeing this, sent a brave soldier of Kahi to shoot at Kujira, but as the soldier came up to the edge of the rice paddy, Kujira whipped his horse vigorously, and got it to extricate itself and Kujira, who galloped off and escaped.  Fukei, for his part, returned again to his headquarters and camped with his men there.  Though they were ready for another conflict, nothing ever came.  The Afumi forces had withdrawn.  The battle for the Nara basin was over, and the Yoshino forces were victorious. General Fukei, however, was anything but finished.  Remember, he had planned to take the fight to the Afumi court, and so, having subdued the enemy forces in Yamato—which is to say the Nara basin—Fukei marched out through Afusaka to Naniwa, and then marched on Yamazaki, where he set up camp.  From there, he sent messengers to all the governors of the Western Provinces.  He forced them to give up their keys, their posting-bells, and their posting tallies—basically he had them formally submit to the Yoshino faction, and thus to Ohoama. Meanwhile, Ohoama had his own campaign to conduct, and it kicked off in the middle of Fukei's defense of the Yamato Home Province.  He also would engage various generals in battle, but we'll save that campaign for Part Four. But before we go I do want to point out, once again: this wasn't a simple and straightforward matter of attack and defense.  Notice that generals on both sides sometimes were victorious and sometimes had to flee.  You can only imagine how, after the defeat at Narayama, General Fukei must have felt that all hope was lost, only to run into a force ten thousand strong come to relive him and his paltry troops.  But it could just as easily have been that he didn't make it.  In fact, how many warriors died?  Heroically, perhaps, but still died.  And if there were no descendants to carry on their name and remember their deeds, then who knows how many people just didn't get written about at all.  And then there are all of those common soldiers.  Individuals without any recorded name, but who nonetheless were there and who fought. They may not have been the people that later authors cared to write about, and yet they were all someone's child, and possibly their sibling or parent.  They loved and laughed, and certainly died.  All to determine who would sit next upon the Yamato throne.  One has to wonder if winning or losing really changed anything for them, or perhaps they won simply by surviving. And on that cheerful thought, I'll take my leave.  Until next time, thank you once again for listening and for all of your support. If you like what we are doing, please tell your friends and feel free to rate us wherever you listen to podcasts.  If you feel the need to do more, and want to help us keep this going, we have information about how you can donate on Patreon or through our KoFi site, ko-fi.com/sengokudaimyo, or find the links over at our main website,  SengokuDaimyo.com/Podcast, where we will have some more discussion on topics from this episode. Also, feel free to reach out to our Sengoku Daimyo Facebook page.  You can also email us at the.sengoku.daimyo@gmail.com.  Thank you, also, to Ellen for their work editing the podcast. And that's all for now.  Thank you again, and I'll see you next episode on Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  

Retirement is what you make of it. Do you have a second-act story as an entrepreneur in you?  Connie Inukai, author of  Retirement: Dream Big, Take Action, Make Money: 10 Amazing Second Act Entrepreneurs Tell Their Story, shares her experience in her second act as an inventor and "Grandmapreneur." Connie Inukai joins us from Maryland. _______________________ Bio As a serial “Grandmapreneur®”, Connie Inukai speaks to retirees or soon-to-be retirees on the benefits of pursuing entrepreneurship in retirement. Retired from teaching Technical Writing at the University of Maryland and Johns Hopkins University for four decades, Connie Inukai became an award-winning inventor at the age of 68.  Featured in Entrepreneur magazine, “6 Reasons to Pursue Entrepreneurship in Retirement,” Connie encourages Baby Boomers to have an active retirement through business or social entrepreneurship. She is the creator of Write Your Selfie®, where she inspires people to write their life stories in a fun and easy-to-read format so grandchildren and future generations will enjoy turning the pages to learn about their ancestry and life lessons. She is passionate about working with dementia sufferers and their families to preserve the memoirs of this “invisible” population. _______________________ For More on Connie Inukai Retirement: Dream Big, Take Action, Make Money: 10 Amazing Second Act Entrepreneurs Tell Their Story Website -  Grandmapreneur: Inspiring Invention, Ideas, and Impact  _______________________ Mentioned in this Podcast Conversation SCORE Mentoring Program _______________________ Podcast Conversations You May Like The Heart of Grandfatherhood – Ted Page Is Semi-Retirement the Best of Both Worlds? – Liz Weston Unretired – Mark S. Walton ________________________ About The Retirement Wisdom Podcast There are many podcasts on retirement, often hosted by financial advisors with their own financial motives, that cover the money side of the street. This podcast is different. You'll get smarter about the investment decisions you'll make about the most important asset you'll have in retirement: your time. About Retirement Wisdom I help people who are retiring, but aren't quite done yet, discover what's next and build their custom version of their next life. A meaningful retirement doesn't just happen by accident. Schedule a call today to discuss how The Designing Your Life process created by Bill Burnett & Dave Evans can help you make your life in retirement a great one – on your own terms. About Your Podcast Host  Joe Casey is an executive coach who also helps people design their next life after their primary career and create their version of The Multipurpose Retirement.™ He created his own next chapter after a twenty-six-year career at Merrill Lynch, where he was Senior Vice President and Head of HR for Global Markets & Investment Banking. Today, in addition to his work with clients, Joe hosts The Retirement Wisdom Podcast, which thanks to his guests and loyal listeners, ranks in the top 1 % globally in popularity by Listen Notes, with over 1.6 million downloads. Business Insider has recognized Joe as one of 23 innovative coaches who are making a difference. He's the author of Win the Retirement Game: How to Outsmart the 9 Forces Trying to Steal Your Joy. Connect on LinkedIn ________________________ Wise Quotes On Being a Second Act Entrepreneur "SCORE is very helpful because when I started, when I retired, I was 68 years old and then I was fumbling around with my invention. I knew nothing about anything, but I did learn how to invent a product and I went to SCORE because I had no idea what to do and they're very good with newbies and I think they didn't expect a newbie to be my age, but I think I'm older than my SCORE mentor, but he was wonderful and the first thing he did was he told me to write a business plan.

We are finally starting to get into the Taika era and the Taika reforms, which would really start the transformation of Yamato into the bureaucratic state of the Nara period.  This episode, we look back at how the Yamato state had been changing up to this point, some of the possible influences and precursors, and then dive into some of the first edicts, largely dealing with sending out governors to the provinces.  These governors, or "kokushi", were originally temporary positions, limited in what they could do.  More info over at https://sengokudaimyo.com/podcast/episode-108  Rough Transcript   Welcome to Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  My name is Joshua and this is Episode 108: The Great Change ……………….. The Kuni no Miyatsuko, hereditary leader of his lands, likely heard the news before they arrived.  Apparently Yamato was sending out an official—a kokushi—who was going to be doing some sort of survey.  Whatever.  Just another person from Yamato's court—what did it matter?  His family had been in charge of the local lands for as long as anyone remembered, and while they might give nominal fealty to the Oho-kimi in Yamato, along with the occasional bit of taxes, paid in rice, what consequence was it to him?  Some might say he was a big fish in a small pond, but it was his pond.  Always had been, and always would be.  Wouldn't it? ……………….. And we are back with our regular chronological podcast, and we are finally going to pick back up on the fall out from the events of 645, the Isshi Incident, when Prince Naka no Oe orchestrated the murder of Soga no Iruka, and later his father, Soga no Emishi, in full view of the court, including his mother, Takara, aka Kougyoku Tennou.  That incident would be the start of Naka no Oe's own rise to power and the reshaping of Yamato from the its longstanding clan based system of government to a new national government of laws and punishments, known generally as the Ritsuryo system.  This episode we'll dive into this new system and the so-called “Taika reforms” that brought it about, the changes it ushered in, and the ripples this sent throughout the entire archipelago.     The term “Taika” itself means “Great Change”, and it isn't clear to me if it was picked because they expected to be making big changes or after the fact, but in the minds of most Japanese historians it is quite accurate. The entire system actually took about a century or so to really come together—we often think of the Ritsuryo system as it was in its final version.  This period, though, is where things kicked off, so we'll be setting the stage and talking about some of the edicts during this period that eventually became the written code of the Ritsuryo system.  This was started by Naka no Oe who, spoiler alert, would eventually reign as sovereign and be known as Tenchi Tennou.  The system he helps put into place would continue to be used and refined even after his death and even after the end of the period covered by the Nihon Shoki. So after some background, we'll get to some of the very first edicts this episode, and then spend more time on them again, in the future. The RitsuryoThe Ritsuryo system was based largely on continental models, with Confucian ideals and the legal code of the Tang dynasty having particular influence.  And as we discuss these changes, which were huge, I'll start with some clarifications and caveats.  This was a system of government based largely on continental models, with Confucian ideals and the legal code of the Tang dynasty having particular influence.  That   One of the first things to emphasize is that said, itthis wasn't exactly an immediate revolution and reformation.  Based on the entries in the Nihon Shoki, some of the work had already  been started long before Naka no Oe came on the scene, largely attributed to the influence of Prince Umayado, aka Shotoku Taishi, and things like the 17 article constitution and rank system, which we discussed back in episode 95.  And even after its initial implementation, there would come various tweaks to the system.  Although there are numerous edicts made in the initial years of what is known as the Taika era, leading this change to often be given the nickname of the “Taika reforms”, the earliest formal administrative codes would come much later, firming up in the 8th century. Another thing to keep in mind as we realize, as we start looking at these changes is that the Yamato courtit didn't necessarily discard the old system, either.  Changes like this take time, and something even if it is implemented for a year or two , it might not stick.  This is one of the reasons that it is important that two of the apparent architects of the new system for these changes were there present through much of its implementation, actively guiding and shaping the process direction that the changes would take.  These two individuals at wereas Prince Naka no Oe and Nakatomi no Kamako, later known in this reign as Kamatari, which is the name I'm going to use from here on out as it is the much more well known in case anyone decides to look up information later. Finally, I would also note that many of these changes were being applied at the level of the elites of society, how they organized power and how they approached governance – but  we should also spare a thought for how this affected the majority of people.  After all, it was the majority of people who were working the fields, cutting the wood, or fishing the seas.  The elites were often otherwise engaged, and whichthat isn't to say that they did nothing.  Often they were coordinating and bringing things together, but that was a smaller part of the overall population.  In these reforms we get to see some rare glimpses into how all of thisit may have affected people beyond just the court elites. To set this up, let's start with a look at what brought us here, and how things changed over time and how they had governed things up until now—or at least as best as we can make out from our various sources.  From there we can take a look at some of the earliest edicts related to the changes evolution in the government, focusing how they focused on consolidating the power and support at the center of the Yamato court and starteding to make more concrete Yamato's control across the rest of the archipelago. We've covered much of the development of complex society in Yamato this in previous episodes:  How Yayoi society came with or at least introduced a form of stratification evident in graves, grave goods, as well as other patterns of lifeways.  Local elites rose up to oversee communities, and eventually extended their influence, creating the various “kuni”, or countries—regional collections of communities that came together under a leadership structure and some shared cultural values.   Some of the earliest stories give us the Hiko-Hime leadership structure, often with a male and female head of state, though sometimes shown as elder and younger co-rulers.  This is backed up by some evidence in the kofun era, as we see large, single-purpose tomb mounds built for what we can only assume are the elite.  Their construction would have required control of a large labor force, indicating a certain amount of their power, and their shape and various burial goods have further suggested, at least to scholars like Kishimoto, that there may have been a division of rulership, at least early on. We've talked about the spread of Yamato style round keyhole shaped kofun through the archipelago and how the popularity of that kofun shape demonstrated Yamato's influence but  in the shape of their kofun, but that didn't necessarily accompany a change in  change the actual dynamics of local government, other than demonstrating Yamato's increased influence.  The next thing we see in the record, I would argue, is the change to a familial based system, or the Bemin-sei.  This is what we've talked about periodically in terms of both the uji, familial groups or clans, and the “be” familial or occupational groups, but here I'll give an overview of the whole practice and what its development means in the sense of changing approaches to organizing and governing a complex society. The Bemin system was a means of further dividing and categorizing people in society, .  It is  rooted in continental concepts of a familial group.  Prior to the 5th century, there isn't a clear indication of familial clans in Yamato, though that doesn't mean people didn't know where they were from.  They still remembered who their ancestors were, and that was important, often tracing back to mythical and legendary individuals who are recorded as gods, or kami.  I suspect, however, that in the smaller communities of the Yayoi period, where you were from was as a good an indicator of your relationships as anything else.  Farming is a pretty sedentary lifestyle, and if you know all of your neighbors there isn't as much need to divide each other up into specific familial groups.  It was more important that I'm from this village or region than I'm from this particular family. And so the oldest stories in the Nihon Shoki and the Kojiki only refer to individuals by their names or by locatives.  Occasionally we will be told that so-and-so was an ancestor of this or that uji, or clan, but it is telling that they don't use the clan name with that person. Surnames do become important, however, in the Bemin system.  But they are only really important for those in the upper tiers of society.  Amongst the farmers and other commoners—the heimin—you often won't find specific surnames, or people will use pure locatives or something similar to refer to a person.  Surnames were for people a little further up the social food chain. From what we can tell, the uji structure likely started with the “-Be” families, trying to set up groups of individuals who were in charge of certain economic activities beyond just farming the land.  The Imbe, the Mononobe, the Abe, the Kuratsukuribe, and the Kusakabe are all examples of family names ending in “-Be”.  Some, like Kuratsukuribe, Inukaibe, and Umakaibe are all fairly straightforward:  These are groups that were set up around particular industries.  Kuratsukuri literally means “saddle-making”, so the Kuratsukuri-be are the saddlemakers.  Inukai and Umakai refer to the ones who kept or raised the dogs and horses. Setting up a familial or clan unit around a certain profession was one way of organizing society so that you had the things that you needed.  Such jobs were often inherited, anyway, passing from father to son, mother to daughter, etc.  So it makes some sense.  And the clan, or uji, structure meant that there was a person or persons at the head of the familial unit who could be responsible for coordinating efforts across different, sometimes dispersed, groups of people. The thing is, there is no indication that the people in these professions were necessarily related to each other prior to this organization, and in many ways the idea that they were a family with a common ancestor was a created fiction.  There may have been some relationship—for instance, weaver groups were often centered on immigrant groups that came over from the continent with knowledge of specific techniques, so there was likely some pre-existing relationship, but they weren't necessarily what we would consider family, related by blood, to one another. Over time these groups became actual clans—children were born into them and remained, unless they specifically were split off into a different uji for some reason.  Some of them dropped the “-Be” part of their name—in some instances it seems this may have created a distinction between the line at the head of the clan vice the other members, but that distinction isn't entirely clear.  Furthermore, members of these clans were not, ultimately, restricted to the hereditary jobs for which the clan had been created.  There are also clans that appear to be more about location, possibly local rulers or magnates.  For example, there are the Munakata and the Miwa, referring to local chiefs or lords of the Munakata and Miwa areas, both important ritual areas. The clans formed another function as well, as each clan had a kabane, which was an early form of social rank.  Some of these ranks appear to have come from titles or positions.  So, for instance, you have the Omi, the Muraji, the Kimi, and the Atahe.  Early on, Muraji appears to be the more prestigious title, with the Ohomuraji being the head of a Muraji level house that was also a key member of the government.  Omi, meaning minister, eventually came to be seen as more prestigious, however.  Meanwhile, both were more presitiousprestigious than the term “Kimi”, although that may have originated as a term for the rulers of the local countries, which makes sense if you consider that the Yamato sovereign was the Oho-kimi, or the Great Kimi, much as the Oho-omi was in charge of an Omi group and the Ohomuraji was in charge of a Muraji level house.  There are also Omi and Muraji households for whom there is no Oho-omi or Oho-muraji ever mentioned, but only members of the Omi and Muraji ranked families were considered for positions at the top of the court hierarchy.  This All of this clan and rank system began to change in the 6th century during the reign of Toyomike Kashikiya Hime, aka Suiko Tenno, with the introduction of the 17 article constitution and new rank system.  While both of these developments are of debatable veracity, since the chroniclers likely made this change seem much more structured than it actually was in practice, —there is probably at least something to the idea that the Yamato court y werewas adopting more continental ideas regarding state governance.  The rank system, in particular, was a step towards recognizing individuals above simply their inherited social position.  While kabane rank was applied to an entire uji, the new rank was applied to individuals alone, meaning that an individual could be recognized without necessarily rewarding every other person holding their same surname.  At the same time, more and more books were coming in from the continent.  Some of these were focused on the new Buddhist religion, but there were also other works, based on a variety of subjects and introducing the Yamato court to some of the philosophical ideas of what government should be.  And then there were various envoys sent to the Sui and Tang courts in the early 7th century, where they would have seen how things were working there. Nonetheless, to be clear, we don't know it is unclear just how far Yamato control extended across the archipelago.  We know that in the 5th century there were individuals who considered themselves part of the Yamato court structure from the Kantou to Kyuushuu.  In the Nihon Shoki, we also see the establishment of Miyake up and down the archipelago, from as far out as Kamitsukenu, aka Kozuke, to the western edge of Kyushu, in the early 6th century.  These were areas of rice-land which owed their output to the Yamato court or a particular endeavor.  They would have had officials there tied to the court to oversee the miyake, providing a local court presence, but how much this translated into direct Yamato control is hard to say. Then there is the Dazai , the Yamato outpost in Kyushu,  set up in the area of Tsukushi, modern Fukuoka Prefecture, largely following the Iwai Rebellion, and which we .  We talked about this some in the Gishiwajinden Tour episode about Ito and Na, extending a more directand how the Yamato government extended a more direct, and explicitly military, presence in Kyushu. Still, the individual lands of places like Hi, Toyo, Kibi, Owari, or Musashi were all governed by the Kuni no Miyatsuko, the Yamato court's term for the various chieftains or rulers of the different lands. And that gets us roughly to the situation where we are now, in 645.  Prince Naka no Oe hadand been talking with his good friend Nakatomi no Kamatari about how things should be, ever since the day that Kamatari had helped him out at a kemari game—something akin to group hackey-sack with a volleyball.  As we've discussed in past episodes, a lot of this sense of “how things should be” related to nipping the power of Soga no Iruka and Soga no Emishi in the bud, cutting off what they no doubt saw as a thread to imperial power and the ”right way of doing things”.  But Tthe two had also been taking lessons from the Priest Minabuchi, and, like students everywhere, they thought they had figured this whole government thing out as well.  They'd been reading the classics and would have had access to the reports from various envoys and ambassadors to the Tang court.  The last one had left in 630 and returned in 632.  They would no doubt have seen the workings of the Tang dynasty law code of 624 and the subsequent update in 627.  Naka no Oe and Kamatari may have even heard news of the update in 637. Thise law code, implemented by Tang Taizong, relied on Confucian and Legalist theory.  It wasn't the first law code in East Asia, or even the Yellow River basin , but it is one of the most significant and influential, and the earliest for which we have the actual code itself—though the extant version is from 653, about eight years after the events of 645., butHowever, as we'll see, all of this was well withing the timeframe which the Ritsuryo system was used and updated, itself. So, Naka no Oe and Kamatari have a shiny new document in their hands, promising an organized system of government very different from the status quo in Yamato to date.  However, the Tang law code did have a problem:  It was undeniably centered in the imperial culture of the Yellow River and Yangzi River basins.  These areas had long had the concept of empire, and even in the chaotic period of the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Northern and Southern dynasties, the concept of an empire that ruled “All Under Heaven”, or “Tianxia” was something that people generally accepted.  The Wa polities of the Japanese archipelago, even as they were now consuming media from the continent, still operated under their own cultural imaginaries of how the world was ordered and how government operated.  And so the code couldn't just be adopted wholesale:  It would have to be adapted to the needs and demands of the Wa polity. I should note that this was unlikely the reforms that took place in Yamato were sole effort of Naka no Oe and Kamatari, and much of what is written suggests that this wasn't done simply through autocratic fiat, but included some key politicking.  This started even before the Isshi Incident.  Kamatari already had close ties with Prince Karu before he met with Naka no Oe.  Kamatari and Naka no Oe had also brought Soga no Kurayamada no Ishikawa no Maro into their confidence, a member of the Soga family.  The Fujiwara family history, the Toushi Kaden, compiled by Fujiwara Nakamaro in the 8th century, describes Maro—referenced as Soga no Yamada—as a man of particular and upright character.  He also appears to have had a beef with his cousin , Soga no Iruka, and was ambitious. I'm not sure just how much Naka no Oe and Kamatari were sharing their plans about reforming the State at this point, or if they were simply concentrating efforts on bringing down—that is to say murdering—Soga no Iruka. The Toushi Kaden mentions that others were also brought around to at least the idea that something had to be done about Soga no Iruka, though nobody was quite willing to speak out for fear of Soga no Iruka and his father, Emishi, and what they could do to someone's reputation—or worse.  After all, Soga no Iruka had only   recently killed the Prince Yamashiro no Oe, reportedly as part of a plot to ensure Prince Furubito would be next elevated to the throne.  On the other hand, not much information seems to be given about the reforms until they are enacted. And so after the Isshi Incident, we see our murderous firebrands taking the reins of power.  As we noted back in episode 106, Prince Karu was encouraged to take the throne, while Prince Furubito no Ohoye retired from the world and took orders at a temple in Yoshino.  Naka no Oe had been offered the throne, we are told, but turned it down, as the optics on it would not have been great.  Not only because he was clearly responsible for the death of Soga no Iruka and his father, and thus his mother's abdication.  However, he could still be made Crown Prince, and keep right on going with his ambitions to change up the way things were done in the Yamato government. Although Naka no Oe and Kamatari get most of the credit, the work required the cooperation—or at least consent—of the newly made sovereign, Prince Karu, also known as Ame Yorozu Toyohi, later styled as Koutoku Tennou.  After all, it would be his edicts that would lay out the new system, and his name that would be attached to it.   One good example is a change that came immediately: Meanwhile, in place of Soga no Iruka as Oho-omi, Karu selected two individuals to take his place, dividing up the position of Oho-omi into ministers of the Left and Right.  The first was Abe no Omi no Uchimaro, as Minister of the Left, and then Soga no Kurayamada no Omi no Ishikawa no Maro, Naka no Oe's recently made father-in-law, was made the Minister of the Right.  These positions, later known as the Sadaijin and Udaijin, would continue to be two of the most powerful civil positions in the Ritsuryo and later Japanese governments.  The Minister of the Left, the Sadaijin, was often considered the senior of the two. By the way, “Daijin” is just a sinified reading applied to the characters used for “Oho-omi”, or great minister.  This means that the Minister of the Left, the Sadaijin, could just as easily be called the Oho-omi of the Left, or something similar.  This actually causes a bit of confusion, especially in translation, but just realize that this is effectively just a rebranding, and not entirely a new name.  What was new was this idea that they were broken into the Left and the Right a distinction that would mean a lot more once more of the bureaucratic offices and functionaries were properly defined. Who were these two new ministers? Abe no Uchimaro has popped up a few times in the narrative.  He was an experienced courtier.  The Abe family had been moving within the halls of power for some time, and had even stood up to the Soga family when Soga no Umako had tried to acquire their lands in Katsuraki, making an ancestral claim.  Uchimaro had also been involved in the discussions regarding Princes Tamura and Yamashiro no Oe after the death of Kashikya Hime, hosting one of the dinners during which the delicate issue of succession was discussed.  He was clearly a politician of the first order.  Of course, Soga no Kurayamada had clearly earned his position through his connections with the conspirators. , bBut what about Nakatomi no Kamatari?  Well, he wasn't exactly left out in the cold.  Nakatomi no Kamatari was made the Naijin, the Minister, or “Omi”, of the Middle or the Minister of the Interior, implying that he had some authority over the royal household itself.  This feels like a created position, possibly to allow him the freedom to help with the primary work of transforming the Yamato government. Although Naka no Oe and Kamatari get most of the credit, the work required the cooperation—or at least consent—of the newly made sovereign, Prince Karu, also known as Ame Yorozu Toyohi, later styled as Koutoku Tennou.  After all, it would be his edicts that would lay out the new system, and his name that would be attached to it. One of the first things that is recorded in the Nihon Shoki was the declaration of a nengo, or era name.  Up to this point, years in Yamato were remembered by the reign of the sovereign—typically based on their palace.  So you would see things like the second year of the reign of the sovereign of Shiki palace, or something like that.  In addition, at least since about the 6th century, if not earlier, years would eventually be given the appropriate sexagesimal year name, combing one of the ten stems and twelve branches.  For example, 2024, when this episode is coming out, is the year of the Wood Dragon, or Kinoe-tatsu.  This is still used for various Japanese traditionspractice still continues today in Japan for various reasons. The Nengo was something newly introduced to Japan, however: .  Aan era name would be chosen by the sovereign, often based on important changes that either had occurred or even as a wish for something new.  So you would we see a new nengo with the ascension of a new sovereign, but it couldan also come because of an auspicious omen or because of a terrible disaster and hope for something new.  The current nengo, which started with the reign of Emperor Naruhito a few years back, is “Reiwa”. This very first nengo, we are told, was “Taika”, meaning, as I said up front, “Great Change”.  It certainly was apropos to the work at hand.  So let's go through the Chronicles and see some of the “great changes” occurring at the Yamato court now that the intention had been made clear.  We already talked about the change from an single Oho-omi to ministers of the Left and Right, but there were many other Some of the first things were to set up various newly created officials and positions.  An example is , such as two doctors, or Hakase – doctors in the sense of learned experts, not medical doctors, although medicine was certainly revered.  One of these new Hakase was the Priest Min, presumably the same one who had brought back astronomical knowledge from the Sui dynasty, possibly the same as the one known as Sho'an.  The other was Takamuko no Fubito no Kuromaro, who had gone to the Sui Dynasty with Min and others and come back with knowledge of how things worked on the continent.  The Takamuko family had immigrant roots as descendants of the Ayabito, and Kuromaro was well traveled, returning from the Sui court by way of Silla.  These two were well positioned to help with the work at hand. Now that the rudiments of a cabinet were in place, Oone of the first problems set before things after setting up their cabinet, as it were, was to askthe their new Ministers of the Right and Left, as well as the various officials, the Daibu and the Tomo no Miyatsuko, was how tohey should  get people to acquiesce to forced, or corvee labor—the idea that for certain government projects villages could be called upon to provide manual labor in the form of a healthy adult—typically male—to help as needed.  This was a thorny problem, and evidently it was thought best to get expertise beyond the purely human.  The following day, tThe Udaijin, Soga no Ishikawa no Maro, suggested that the kami of Heaven and Earth should be worshipped and then affairs of government should be considered.  And so Yamato no Aya no Hirafu was sent to Wohari and Imbe no Obito no Komaro was sent to Mino, both to make offerings to the kami there for their assistance, it would seem, in setting up a good government. This is significant, in part, as it shows the continued importance of local traditions focused on appeasing the kami, rather than the Buddhist rituals that they could have likely turned to, instead. FinallyThree weeks later, on the 5th day of the 8th month—about three weeks later— camecomes the first truly major edict of the Taika era, which and it wasis to appoint new governors, or kokushi, of the eastern provinces.  Note that they specifically mention the Eastern Provinces, presumably meaning those east of Yamato, since they only sent out eight of them.  They also did not send them to usurp control, necessarily, from the Kuni no Miyatsuko of those areas.  The Kuni no Miyatsuko were still nominally in charge, it would seem, but the court was getting ready to make some major changes to the relationship. These governors were expected to go out and take a census of the people—both those free and those in bondage to others.  They were also to take account of all of the land currently under cultivation, likely to figure out how to tax it appropriately.  As for things other than arable land, such as gardens, ponds, rivers, oceans, lakes, mountains, etc., the edict commands the governors to consult with the people—presumably the people of the province—to get a better idea of what should be done. And this doesn't sound so bad.  It is basically just a tally of what is already there.  That said, anyone who has worked in a modern office probably knows about the dread that comes over a workplace when people show up from the Head Office with clipboards in hand.  However, apparently many of the people had not yet heard of a “clipboard” and likely didn't realize that this was only a precursor to greater and more centralized bureaucratic control. Now in addition to taking a zero-baseline review of provincial resources, there was also a list of what these new governors y were to avoid – clear boundaries around the power they were to wield.  For one thing, they were not to hear criminal cases.  They weren't there to be an extension of the Yamato court in such matters or to usurp the duties of the Kuni no Miyatsuko, one supposes.  Furthermore, when they were traveling to the capital, they were only to bring themselves and district officials, but not a huge retinue.  Whether they realized it or not, these kokushi were early bureaucrats in a burgeoning bureaucratic state, and they weren't supposed to be going out there to become minor kings in their own right; their power came from and was limited by the royal edict.  They also did not send them to usurp control, necessarily, from the Kuni no Miyatsuko of those areas.  The Kuni no Miyatsuko were still nominally in charge, it would seem, but the court was getting ready to make some major changes to the relationship. When traveling on official business, the governors could use appropriate government resources, such as the horses and food that they were entitled to.  Remember that post stations were set up, previously, to help better facilitate official travel and communication.  In a later edict it would be clarified that officials would be given a bronze token with bell-like figures on it.  The shape of the token would indicate what kinds of resources the individual was entitled to.  This applied to governors and their assistants.  Those who follow the rules could be rewarded with rank and more, while those who disobeyed would be reduced in rank, and any stipend that came with it.  Furthermore, any government official who was found taking a bribe would be liable to pay twice the amount, as well as being open to criminal punishment. The Chief Governor was allowed nine attendants, while the assistant was allowed seven, and a secretary—for which think more of the head of a branch office or department under the governor—could have five.  Any more, and the governor and followers could be punished for it. While in the provinces, the governors were expected to look into any claims of potentially false inheritance.  This included anyone using a false name or title to claim rights that were not theirs.  Governors were to first investigate what was going on before submitting their findings up to the court. Governors were also to erect arsenals on waste pieces of ground—ground that could not be cultivated for some reason.  In those arsenals they were to gather the various weapons and armor of the provinces and districts, presumably so that soldiers could be called up quickly and everyone could just get their equipment from one place, but it also looks like an attempt to take control of the means of violence.  Whether or not that was their direct intention I cannot say.  There was a provision for those on the frontier, with the Emishi, to allow the owners to keep their weapons, probably because the situation was potentially volatile, and it could turn at any moment. And so that was the first major piece of legislation:  Sending out governors to what are translated as “provinces”—though we are still using the term “kuni”, which equally refers to a state or country—ostensibly for the purposes of assessing the land, its value, the number of people, etc, but also to .  They are centralizeing military assets.   and they are given status as true court representatives.  I do notice that it was explicitly stated that these governors were for the eastern lands, .  presumably meaning those east of Yamato, since they only sent out eight of them These are areas that historically appear to have relied more on Yamato or else been something of a frontier area for the ethnic Wa people.  They may have been more open to Yamato's demands on their sovereignty. There were two more pieces to thise edict that didon't directly apply to the governors.  First off was the institution of a bell and a box to be set up at the court.  The box was basically a place to receive complaints about how things were going in the realm.  They are careful to note that complaints should be vetted by the Tomo no Miyatsuko, one of the hereditary government officials, or at least to the head of one's uji, if possible.  If they couldn't come to a decision, though, the complaints would be collected at dawn and then the government would look into them.  If anyone thought that there was a problem with how a complaint was being handled—for example, if they thought there was malfeasance involved or even just neglect, with officials not addressing it in a timely fashion, then the plaintiffs could go to the court and ring the bell, officially noting their dissatisfaction with the process. This idea of a bell and complaints seems to be a wide-ranging practice throughout Asia.  During the reign of the Legendary Yao, people were encouraged to nail their complaints to a tree.  Other edicts suggest that bells and drums were hung in royal palaces to allow common people to voice their grievances.  We have examples of the practice showing up in the Sukhothai kingdom of Thailand, during the 13th century reign of King Ramkhamhaeng, and then a 16th century example in what is now Myanmar, aka Burma.  While they differ in specifics, they are all related to the concept of royal justice even for the lowest of the people.  Granted, if you are a farmer in Owari province, I don't know how easy it was going to be to make your way over to the royal palace and ring that bell, but at least there was the idea that people could submit complaints. This was apparently used relatively soon after, as recounted in the second month of the following year, about six months later.  Apparently some person had placed a complaint in the box stating that people who had come to the capital on government business were being put to work and ill-used.  Basically it sounds like they were being rounded up for corvee labor even though they weren't local residents, they were just passing through.  In response, the sovereign, Karu, put a stop to forced labor at various places—presumably where the offending action was taking place, so I guess the complaint system it was working. The last part of this first set of edicts, kicking off the change was about inheritance.  Not all people in Yamato were free, and the law saw a difference between the status of free and unfree persons—that is to say enslaved persons.  And so they made laws that only the child of two free persons would be considered free.  If either parent was in bondage, then the child was also considered in bondage to their parent's house.  If two enslaved persons of different houses had a child, then they would stay with the mother.  Temple serfs, though technically bound to service of the temple, were made a special case, and their children were to be treated as if the temple serf was a free person. Slavery is something that doesn't always get talked about regarding ancient Yamato, and the Chronicles themselves don't tend to mention enslaved peoplethem often, but more because they belonged to a class of society that was largely outside of the scope of the narrative.  In cases where they are discussed, such as in these edicts, the Chronicles are unapologetic of the practice.  These may have been people who were captured in raids, or their descendants, or people who had been enslaved as punishment for some offence, although it isn't quite clear just what would count.  We know that Himiko sent enslaved persons as part of the tribute to the Wei Court, as she was trying to curry favor, and mention of them certainly shows up now and again. It is unclear how many people were enslaved up to this point, but some estimates suggest that it may have been five to ten percent of the population.  As I've mentioned before, this practice continued up until the Sengoku Period, and was only abolished by Toyotomi Hideyoshi in an attempt to stop the Portuguese from buying enslaved Japanese people and transporting them away from Japan.  That didn't meant that other forms of bondage, often economic in nature, didn't happen, however. So that was the content of the first edict—one of many.  The court sent out newly appointed “governors” to the provinces, but these governors were, so far, limited in their scope.  There is even some evidence that these may have been initially seen as temporary positions, and there was mention of “kokushi” in the previous reign.  Still, this was part of a clearly concentrated effort to assume central authority over the archipelago.  There were even officials appointed over the six districts of Yamato province, the core of the Yamato state, who were likewise expected to prepare registers of the population and the cultivated land. Even the idea that the sovereign had the right to make these appointments was something a bit radical, and indicated a change in way that the court, at least, would view the sovereign.  It likewise placed the sovereign in a position to dispense justice, through the vehicle of the court, and it began to define the citizens of the realm as well. That said, this all could have been argued for by using the Sui and Tang as examples of what government should look like and what a true nation should look like. It is also possible that this didn't all happen of a sudden in the 8th month, as the Chronicles describe it.  This is suggested at based on a separate account, mentioned in the Nihon Shoki, that the gathering of weapons, for instance—one of the things that the governors were charged with—actually took place between the 6th and 9th month, so some of this likely started before the date listed for the edict, and that may just have been one part of the whole.  The Chroniclers often do this, finding one particular date and throwing in everything rather than giving things piecemeal—depending on the event.  In addition, on the 19th day of the 9th month, officials were sent out to all of the provinces—not just the eastern provinces—to take a proper census.  At this same time, the sovereign, Karu, issued another edict, which seems related to their work as well as that of the governors, or kokushi, sent to the east.  In it he noted that the powerful families—the Omi, the Muraji, the Tomo no Miyatsuko, and the Kuni no Miyatsuko—would compel their own vassals to work at their pleasure.  They would also appropriate for themselves various pieces of land, so that people could only work it for them.  Not everyone was doing this, though.  Some unnamed persons were accused of hording thousands of acres of rice-land, while others had no more land than you could stick a needle into.  Furthermore, these powerful families were collecting taxes for themselves, first, and then handing a portion over to the government.  They likely compelled their vassals to work on their own tombs, and such.  And so, the sovereign, Karu, forbade anyone from becoming a landlord and forcing people to pay rent.  Presumably he was also dealing with some of the other aspects, though that may have proved more difficult.  After all, from what we've seen, everything that Karu is complaining about—things that no doubt were considered antithetical to good government based on pure Confucian values—were the norm for the elite at the time.  Heck, the Kuni no Miyatsuko had no doubt thought of the land and the people on it as their own, not Yamato's.  However, things were shifting, and once again we see Yamato exerting royal prerogative over the land and people, something that they would do more and more as the system of laws and punishments eventually came together. Now the big question is how did this all pan out?  Well, it took some time, but we get a report on the second day of the third month of the following year, 646, and to be honest, it doesn't sound like things were going too well.  Of the high officials sent out as kokushi to govern the eastern provinces, six listened and did what they were told, but two did not, and then there were numerous other issues.  A more detailed list was given on the 19th of the month, including a clearer idea of punishments. The decree was given to the “Choushuushi”, apparently other government officials sent to check on how things were going, though it was clearly about various officials. The decree starts by reminding officials that they were not to use their position to appropriate public or private property.  Anyone of Assistant governor rank or higher would be punished by being degraded in rank, and presumably their stipend.  Those officials of clerk, or secretary, on down would face flogging.  If anyone was found converting public property (or someone else's) to their own use, they would be fined double the value of the property, just as with bribes.  So the Yamato government was They were really trying to tamp down on people trying to make a profit from their position. Here are a few of the specific things that the Choushuushi reported back: -             Hozumi no Omi no Kuhi taxed individual families for his own use and though he gave some of it back make, it wasn't all.  His two assistants were at fault for not correcting him. -             Kose no Tokune no Omi did something similar, taking away horses from the farmers for his own use.  His assistants not only did not correct him, but actually helped him.  They also took horses from the Kuni no Miyatsuko of the province.  One of the officials tried to remonstrate with him, but he finally gave in to the corruption. -             Ki no Marikida no Omi sent men to Asakura no Kimi and Inoue no Kimi to look at their horses for his own use.  He also had Asakura no Kimi make him swords and provide bow-cloth.  He also took the payments in lieu of weapons offered by the Kuni no Miyatsuko but didn't properly report it.  As a somewhat strange addition to these charges, he apparently was guilty of allowing himself to be robbed of a sword in his own province as well as in Yamato, presumably one that was actually government property.  Apparently being held up at sword point wasn't considered sufficient justification for letting it go.  This was facilitated by his assistants and their subordinates. -             Adzumi no Muraji apparently made the Kuni no Miyatsuko send government property to someone when they were ill, and he took horses belonging to the Yube clan.  His assistant gathered items at his house that were paid in lieu of hay, and he took the horses of the Kuni no Miyatsuko and exchanged them for others.  At least two other brothers were found guilty as well. -             Ohochi no Muraji broke the decree of not personally judging the complaints of the people in the districts under his charge.  He took it on himself to judge the case of the men of Udo and the matter of the enslaved persons of Nakatomi no Toko, who was also considered guilty. -             Kishida no Omi, as with Ki no Marikida, also allowed his sword to be stolen, showing a want of circumspection. -             In one of the strangest put-downs in this list, Womidori no Omi and Tanba no Omi weren't guilty of anything, but were just considered incompetent.  So make of that what you will. -             Imbe no Konomi and Nakatomi no Muraji no Mutsuki also committed offenses, we are told, but the nature is unclear. -             Hada no Omi and Taguchi no Omi, on the other hand, were free and clear.  Apparently they hadn't committed any offenses. -             Finally, Heguri no Omi was guilty of neglecting to investigate the complaints of the men of Mikuni. A big to-do was made about the punishments to be meted out to all of these individuals, as well as to the Kuni no Miyatsuko who may have enabled them.  However, instead of prosecuting them, Karu declared a general amnesty.  This was like a mass pardon of offenses—a do-over if you would.  Not that anything would be forgotten.  On the other hand, six individuals who did as they were told were all commended for their service.  He also took the lent-rice for the maintenance of the late Kibishima, the dowager queen who had passed away in 643, and distributed her official-rice lands amongst the ministers down to the Tomo no Miyatsuko.  He also gave rice-land and hill tracts, which weren't suitable for farming, over to various temples which had previously been omitted from the official registers for some reason. Over all, this seems to be a rather powerful message:  We're not They weren't fooling around with these changes, and people better get on board or get out of the way.  Whereas previously things in the provinces may have operated under a sort of Vegas Rules, that was no longer going to be tolerated.  On the other hand, Karuhe demonstrated mercy, likely realizing that too harsh an approach would bring the wrath of the other powerful nobles.  Nonetheless, he elaborated what each person had done and effectively put them and anyone else harboring thoughts that they could just ignore these edicts on notice.  These reforms weren't going away. So we've talked about where we were and we can see the powers at the Yamato court starting to make changes.  For now, this is probably going to be a good place to take a break for this episode, but there are a lot more of these reforms to get to, not to mention the rest of the intra-palace politicking at the court, as well as the changing situation on the continent and in diplomatic channels.  We are going to keep looking at these changes as we move forward through the period of Great Change, known as the Taika era. Until then, thank you for listening and for all of your support. If you like what we are doing, please tell your friends and feel free to rate us wherever you listen to podcasts.  If you feel the need to do more, and want to help us keep this going, we have information about how you can donate on Patreon or through our KoFi site, ko-fi.com/sengokudaimyo, or find the links over at our main website, SengokuDaimyo.com/Podcast, where we will have some more discussion on topics from this episode. Also, feel free to reach out to our Sengoku Daimyo Facebook page.  You can also email us at the.sengoku.daimyo@gmail.com.  Thank you, also, to Ellen for their work editing the podcast. And that's all for now.  Thank you again, and I'll see you next episode on Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.

Sometimes people are lucky enough to find their place in life. #Anime #Comedy #Ecchi #Romance #Beastiality Special thanks to these awesome artists for letting us use their music: Intro by ckotty3 - ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://pixabay.com/users/ckotty3-25960960/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Outro by Playsound - ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://pixabay.com/users/playsound-24686998/⁠

 Connie Inukai is an inspiring entrepreneur that is living her best life in retirement. Listen to this episode to hear why age shouldn't distract you from your dreams, but propell you toward your dreams. Connie Inukai retired from teaching Technical Writing at the University of Maryland and Johns Hopkins University for almost four decades. That was her "first act." For her "second act", she became an award-winning inventor, a “Grandmapreneur®,” an author ("How I got My Product on QVC, The Today Show, The View, and More...In Retirement"), a speaker, and a caregiver to two young grandchildren. She am now working on her "third act" as the creator of Write Your Selfie®, a program to help people write their life story in pictures. Passion has no expiration date! Connie is living proof that second-act entrepreneurs can succeed, if only they focus on what matters most to them. Connect with Connie on Instagram @connie_grandmapreneur  LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/connieinukai  Connies You Tube Channel Here. Grandmapreneur Website Here. Thank you for being a part of our online community. It takes guts to break the status quo and carve your own path to financial independence. We know firsthand! Thank you for being a part of our online community. We're cheering you on as you take the steps to educate, empower & motivate yourself into a life that is authentically you. This is your life, so make it one you LOVE.        Speaking of love… We'd love if you would subscribe to the podcast & leave an honest rating and review. This helps us grow as a community & reach more people who are curious about taking charge of their own lifestyle. Connect with Chris & Jenni @4_Leaf_Lifestyle on Instagram @manifestationandmoneypodcast on Instagram 4_Leaf_Lifestsyle on Facebook  Cheers to manifesting a life you love & matching up the income streams to support it.

The guest we bring on for the show today is Connie Inukai! As a serial “Grandmapreneur®”, Inukai speaks to retirees or soon-to-be retirees on the benefits of pursuing entrepreneurship in retirement. Retired from teaching Technical Writing at the University of Maryland and Johns Hopkins University for four decades, Connie Inukai became an award-winning inventor at the age of 68.  Author of "How I got My Product on QVC, The Today Show, The View, and More...In Retirement", helping inventors generate free publicity for their products. Author of “Retirement: Dream Big, Take Action, Make Money. 10 Amazing Second-Act Entrepreneurs Tell Their Stories.” Creator of Write Your Selfie®, inspiring people to write their life stories in a fun and easy-to-read format. Featured in Entrepreneur magazine, “6 Reasons to Pursue Entrepreneurship in Retirement,” Connie encourages Baby Boomers to have an active retirement through business or social entrepreneurship. Because... Passion has No Expiration Date! If you would like to connect with her, check out the link below: httpw://connieinukaiauthor.com

In this episode, we talk about everything going on in our lives.. current anime we consuming and more anime related content going on! If you guys are interested in contributing to a future podcast topic, make sure to contact us through IG or Twitter @otakify, or even feel free to email us a topic at otakifyreviews@gmail.com --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/otakify/support

We're just going to cut to the chase and say we have a couple of manga. Normally, we'd hem and haw a bit before getting to the point. Perhaps we'd even hee and haw a bit. Pour moonshine then get a little tipsy before following the point off a cliff. Oh my, there seems to be a Mason jar with a spirituous liquid nearby. Tim has a request in My Life as Inukai-san’s Dog. We start off with a dork waking up in a dogs body. The Mangaka tries to play coy and hide this from us and the main moron doesn't figure it out until the end of the … Continue reading "Manga Pulse 492: Inu Bak"

We're just going to cut to the chase and say we have a couple of manga. Normally, we'd hem and haw a bit before getting to the point. Perhaps we'd even hee and haw a bit. Pour moonshine then get a little tipsy before following the point off a cliff. Oh my, there seems to be a Mason jar with a spirituous liquid nearby. Tim has a request in My Life as Inukai-san’s Dog. We start off with a dork waking up in a dogs body. The Mangaka tries to play coy and hide this from us and the main moron doesn't figure it out until the end of the … Continue reading "Manga Pulse 492: Inu Bak"

Welcome to the Evolvepreneur (After Hours) Show I am your Special Host Mechelle McDonald Join me today where we dig deep with our guests and get you the best concepts and strategies to fast-track your business. My very special guest today is Connie Inukai ... As a serial “Grandmapreneur®”, Inukai speaks to retirees or soon-to-be retirees on the benefits of pursuing entrepreneurship in retirement. Retired from teaching Technical Writing at the University of Maryland and Johns Hopkins University for four decades, Connie Inukai became an award-winning inventor at the age of 68. Author of "How I got My Product on QVC, The Today Show, The View, and More...In Retirement", she helps others generate free publicity for their products. She is the creator of Write Your Selfie®, where she inspires people to write their life stories in a fun and easy-to-read format. Featured in Entrepreneur magazine, “6 Reasons to Pursue Entrepreneurship in Retirement,” Connie encourages Baby Boomers to have an active retirement through business or social entrepreneurship. Because… Passion has No Expiration Date!

Sólo slice of life e historias románticas esta semana, para descansar un poco de tanto shonnen sangriento… porque la primavera, debería ser más que putazos. TEMAS: (0:00) - Intro & Presentación (5:40) - One Piece (17:04) - My Life as Inukai-san's Dog Specials (40:10) - Mobile Suit Gundam: The Witch from Mercury (52:33) - Tonikaku Kawaii 2nd Season (1:07:03) - KONOSUBA -An Explosion on This Wonderful World! (1:18:00) - Outro & Despedida Mesa: ⁠⁠Gabrielle⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠, ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Natalia López y ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Bernardo Arteaga⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Síguenos en⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Twitter⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠,⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Facebook⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠,⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ YouTube⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ y ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Twitch⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠,  ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠La Covacha Anime⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Fecha: Martes 10 de mayo, 2023 Suscríbete en tu servicio favorito de Podcast. Si es posible ayúdanos calificándonos en Spotify y Apple. ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Spotify⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠, ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Apple⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠, ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Amazon⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠, ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Google⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠, ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Anchor⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Playlist Episodios en Spotify⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

The hosts of the Otaku Spirit Animecast dive into their First Impressions of the Spring 2023 Anime Season! 0:00 Intro 1:33 Idolmaster Cinderella Girls U149 8:24 Yuri is my Job 19:55 My One Hit Kill Sister 28:44 Too Cute Crisis 33:10 The Legendary Hero is Dead 44:16 Otaku Elf 53:34 Magical Destroyers 1:01:27 Mashle Might and Magic 1:13:16 Rokudo's Bad Girls 1:23:58 Cafe Terrace and its Goddesses 1:32:32 Tonikawa Season 2 1:38:58 Blue Orchestra 1:48:23 Summoned To Another World for a Second Time 1:55:29 Gundam Witch From Mercury 1:58:15 Demon Slayer Season 3 2:02:18 Galaxy Next Door 2:11:33 Why Raeliana Ended Up At The Duke's Mansion 2:23:10 Dead Mount Death Play 2:31:10 Insomniacs After School 2:41:24 The Marginal Service 2:43:42 Ranking of Kings Chest of Courage 2:46:53 Sacrificial Princess 2:59:06 Extras and Inukai-san 3:01:34 Outro We hope you enjoy! If you like this content, please check the links below on how to support our efforts! Tips: https://streamelements.com/otakuspirit/tip Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/OtakuSpirit Merch: https://otaku-spirit.creator-spring.com/ YouTube: https://youtube.com/otakuspirit Discord: https://discord.com/invite/rF8JKFCscT OSMusic: https://open.spotify.com/playlist/5aQWhNSReEJN27iO8xTIEQ Website: https://OtakuSpirit.com

This week, we're reviewing My Life as Inukai-San's Dog, Endo & Kobayashi Live: The Latest on Tsundere Villainess Liesolette, and Malevolent Spirits Monogatari, but first: the world's most disorganized food tier list!

The hosts of the Otaku Spirit Animecast dive into their reviews of the Winter 2023 Anime Season! 0:00 Outro 1:00 Endo and Kobayashi Live! 9:39 The Magical Revolution of the Reincarnated Princess 20:23 Handyman Saitou in Another World 26:06 TRIGUN STAMPEDE 31:58 Campfire Cooking in Another World 38:33 My Life as Inukai-san's Dog 44:38 To Your Eternity Season 2 52:08 By The Grace of the Gods 2 58:29 The Fruit of Evolutions 2 1:02:12Tsurune The Linking Shot 1:09:34 The Reincarnation of the Strongest Exorcist 1:16:22 In Spectre Season 2 (not really) 1:23:44 The Ice Guy and His Cool Female Colleague 1:30:13 Urusei Yatsura (2022) 1:41:22 Ningen Fushin 1:50:12 Buddy Daddies 1:57:10 Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon? IV Part 2 2:02:56 Tomo-chan is a Girl! 2:48:45 Chillin' in My 30s 2:14:16 The Tale of Outcasts 2:21:50 My Hero Academia 6 2:22:54 Outro We hope you enjoy! If you like this content, please check the links below on how to support our efforts! Tips: https://streamelements.com/otakuspirit/tip Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/OtakuSpirit Merch: https://otaku-spirit.creator-spring.com/ YouTube: https://youtube.com/otakuspirit Discord: https://discord.com/invite/rF8JKFCscT OSMusic: https://open.spotify.com/playlist/5aQWhNSReEJN27iO8xTIEQ Website: https://OtakuSpirit.com

Finally, the moment we've all been waiting for. A full commentary track for the dogfucker anime, My Life as Inukai-san's Dog, recorded with @dauragon. Close the blinds, put on your headphones, and get those toes out

Time for more Talk the Kēki discussions as the anime season keeps rolling on without any new production delays. Join Mat and Ethan as they talk about Play it Cool, Guys since Mat finally watched it and is all caught up. Ethan becomes a degenerate and picks up Inukai-san's Dog. Nier Automata also makes its return with episode 4, which will be covered as well. More seasonal reviews such as Tomo-Chan is a Girl, Angel Next Door Spoils Me Rotten, In/Spectre, Trigun: Stampede, High Card, and so much more!About the Chairshot Radio NetworkLaunched in 2017, the Chairshot Radio Network presents you with the best in sports, entertainment, and sports entertainment. Wrestling and wrestling crossover podcasts + the most interesting content + the most engaging hosts = the most entertaining podcasts you'll find!Featuring shows such as POD is WAR (sports, entertainment & sports entertainment) Bandwagon Nerds (entertainment & popular culture), The DWI Podcast (Drunk Wrestling Intellect), The Greg DeMarco Show (wrestling), The #Miranda Show (wrestling and entertainment), Hockey Talk (sports), THE 5×5 (pop culture), The Outsider's Edge (wrestling), Triple Grit Trivia (sports trivia), Down The Wire (Sports), Talk The Keki (Anime), The Mindless Wrestling Podcast (wrestling), Attitude Of Aggression/The Big Four (wrestling), and more!The Chairshot Radio NetworkYour home for the hardest hitting podcasts and radio shows!All Shows On DemandListen on your favorite platform!iTunes | iHeart Radio | Google Play | SpotifyListen, like, subscribe, and share!          Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/chairshot-radio-network/donationsAdvertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

Time for more Talk the Kēki discussions as the anime season keeps rolling on without any new production delays. Join Mat and Ethan as they talk about Play it Cool, Guys since Mat finally watched it and is all caught up. Ethan becomes a degenerate and picks up Inukai-san's Dog. Nier Automata also makes its return with episode 4, which will be covered as well. More seasonal reviews such as Tomo-Chan is a Girl, Angel Next Door Spoils Me Rotten, In/Spectre, Trigun: Stampede, High Card, and so much more!You can also watch this episode on video via the W2M Network Youtube channel: https://youtube.com/live/JQE-c9Hszf0- Plugs -Join us on Discord: https://discord.gg/aydMgvUN9dVisit Our Website: https://w2mnet.com/Follow Us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/w2mnetworkFollow Us on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@w2mnetwork2Follow Us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/w2mnetwork/Join the Talk the Keki Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/142522306447354Ethan Twitter: https://twitter.com/shostoppa24Mat Twitter: https://twitter.com/DamienPhoenix12Follow us on Twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/w2mnetworkFollow Us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/W2MNetwork

Youkoso, Youkoso!! We have a wonderful episode for you today filled with pervert shit and produce knowledge! Catch up on the following shows before listening to this episode: My Life as Inukai-san's Dog, Buddy Daddies, Kubo Won't Let me be Invisible, Sugar Apple Fairy Tale and The Eminence in Shadow.Support the showhttps://twitter.com/LetsAnimePod

Reviewed shows: Apparently, Disillusioned Adventurers Will Save the WorldBuddy DaddiesAyakashi TriangleCampfire Cooking in Another World with My Absurd SkillGiant Beasts of ArsChillin' in My 30s after Getting Fired from the Demon King's ArmyEndo and Kobayashi Live! The Latest on Tsundere Villainess LieselotteKubo Won't Let Me Be InvisibleFarming Life In Another WorldKaina of the Great Snow SeaHandyman Saitou in Another WorldONIMAI: I'm Now Your Sister!Malevolent Spirits: MononogatariReborn to Master the BladeMy Life as Inukai-san's DogThe Angel Next Door Spoils Me RottenSaving 80,000 Gold in Another World for my RetirementSugar Apple FairyThe Ice Guy and His Cool Female ColleagueSpy ClassroomTechnoroid: OvermindThe Tale of OutcastsTrigun StampedeTomo-chan is a Girl!The Iceblade Sorcerer Shall Rule the WorldThe Reincarnation Of The Strongest Exorcist In Another WorldThe Fire HunterThe Magical Revolution of the Reincarnated Princess

Connie's Bio: Retired from teaching Technical Writing at the University of Maryland and Johns Hopkins University for four decades, Connie Inukai became an award-winning inventor at the age of 68. For people who like to eat out in restaurants, but have difficulty reading the small print on a menu or bill, she invented a handheld magnifier and light, with a calculating device to figure out a tip and split the bill in seconds. Thus, the name Tip ‘n Split®! Author of “How I got My Product on QVC, The Today Show, The View, and More…In Retirement”, she helps others generate free publicity for their products. She is the creator of Write Your Selfie®, where she inspires people to write their life stories in a fun and easy-to-read format so grandchildren and future generations will enjoy turning the pages to learn about their ancestry and life lessons. She is passionate about working with dementia sufferers and their families to preserve the memoirs of this “invisible” population. Featured in Entrepreneur magazine, “6 Reasons to Pursue Entrepreneurship in Retirement,” Connie encourages Baby Boomers to have an active retirement through business or social entrepreneurship. Connect with Connie:  https://connieinukaiauthor.com/ https://grandmapreneur.com/tip-n-split/    www.writeyourselfie.com |   YouTube | Linked In | Instagram| Twitter       Connect with Terry: Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/2658545911065461/ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/terrylohrbeer/ Instagram: kickassboomers Twitter: @kickassboomers Email: terry@kickassboomers.com   Connect to Premiere Podcast Pros for podcast editing: premierepodcastpros@gmail.com  

Connie's Bio: Retired from teaching Technical Writing at the University of Maryland and Johns Hopkins University for four decades, Connie Inukai became an award-winning inventor at the age of 68. For people who like to eat out in restaurants, but have difficulty reading the small print on a menu or bill, she invented a handheld magnifier and light, with a calculating device to figure out a tip and split the bill in seconds. Thus, the name Tip ‘n Split®! Author of “How I got My Product on QVC, The Today Show, The View, and More…In Retirement”, she helps others generate free publicity for their products. She is the creator of Write Your Selfie®, where she inspires people to write their life stories in a fun and easy-to-read format so grandchildren and future generations will enjoy turning the pages to learn about their ancestry and life lessons. She is passionate about working with dementia sufferers and their families to preserve the memoirs of this “invisible” population. Featured in Entrepreneur magazine, “6 Reasons to Pursue Entrepreneurship in Retirement,” Connie encourages Baby Boomers to have an active retirement through business or social entrepreneurship. Connect with Connie:  https://connieinukaiauthor.com/ https://grandmapreneur.com/tip-n-split/    www.writeyourselfie.com |   YouTube | Linked In | Instagram| Twitter       Connect with Terry: Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/2658545911065461/ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/terrylohrbeer/ Instagram: kickassboomers Twitter: @kickassboomers Email: terry@kickassboomers.com   Connect to Premiere Podcast Pros for podcast editing: premierepodcastpros@gmail.com  

Sadly, Marina isn’t watching Inukai-san’s Dog so we had to leave that one out. And Onii-chan wa Oshimai is actually too wholesome for this episode. 00:00 Intro 01:48 Sugar Apple Fairy Tale 12:40 The Angel Next Door Spoils Me Rotten 21:50 Tomo-chan is a Girl! 29:40 Outro Music Credits “Clover 3” by Vibe Mountain The … Continue reading Kaiseki Anime Ep. 117 — The Questionable Anime →

Der Nani?!-Podcast feiert Jubiläum und lädt euch auf eine extra lange Fahrt in die neuen Season-Anime ein: Mit dabei sind "My Life as Inukai-san's Dog", "Onimai: I'm Now Your Sister!", , "Tokyo Revengers" Staffel 2, "Revenger", , Vinland Saga Staffel 2, "Haikyuu!!" Staffel 4, "Record of Ragnarök" Staffel 2, "Trigun: Stampede", "Nier: Automata Ver1.1a" und viele weitere! Timecodes: 00:00:00 Begrüßung 00:05:20 My Life as Inukai-san's Dog (Aniverse, Akiba Pass, Hidive) 00:16:15 Onimai: I'm now your Sister! (Akiba Pass & Crunchyroll) 00:24:45 Haikyu!! 4. Staffel (Netflix& Crunchyroll) 00:30:19 Vinland Saga Staffel 2 (Crunchyroll & Netflix) 00:39:20 Record of Ragnarök Staffel 2 (Netflix) 00:50:00 Nier: Automata Ver1.1a(Crunchyroll) 00:57:40 Bofuri - I maxed out my Defense, so I don't get Hurt Season 2 (Crunchyroll) 01:07:52 Tokyo Revengers Season 2 - Christmas Showdown (Disney Plus) 01:13:20 Revenger (Crunchyroll) 01:23:01 Lupin III VS Ein Supertrio - Cat's Eye (Amazon Prime) 01:29:35 Trigun: Stampede (Crunchyroll) 01:37:03 DanMachi (Is it wrong to try to pick up girls in a dungeon) Staffel 4 (Aniverse) 01:43:29 My Hero Academia Season 6 - Cour 2 (Crunchyroll)

Episode 387: First season of the new year! Winter Season! This week we give our first impressions on Tomo-chan is a Girl, The Angel Next Door Spoils Me Rotten, The Ice Guy and His Cool Female Colleague, Spy Classroom, Kubo Wont Let Me Be Invisible, Buddy Daddies, My Life is Inukai-sans Dog, Onimai, Sugar Apple Fairy Tale, and more! --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/anime-summit/message

There’s a lot of good anime this season! 00:00 Intro 02:42 Chillin' in My 30s after Getting Fired from the Demon King's Army 03:17 Farming Life in Another World 03:57 HIGH CARD 04:52 Kubo Won't Let Me Be Invisible 05:56 Misfit of Demon King Academy S2 06:36 My Life as Inukai-san's Dog 08:08 Onimai: I'm … Continue reading Kaiseki Anime Ep. 116 — Winter 2023 Seasonal Impressions →

Carve it. ➤ Video version: https://youtu.be/UIuz9Q97ia0➤ Subscribe to the channel! → https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCZDoVpDSqP9l_DvkMhpJPNw?sub_confirmation=1 ➤ Join our Discord server → https://discord.gg/YjcGvPmgXR ➤ Follow us on Twitter! → https://twitter.com/tokyopodfathers ➤ Past Episode Mp3s → https://tokyopodfathers.simplecast.fm/ Also available wherever you get your podcasts! Hosts:  Moz: https://twitter.com/MozillaFennekin Panic: https://twitter.com/coronelpanic Whoops: https://twitter.com/doctor_whoops Mines: https://twitter.com/smhmines And check out the /r/Anime Awards! https://animeawards.moe/ Timestamps:0:00 - Loading2:30 - Introductions10:33 - NieR:Automata Ver1.1a21:01 - Tomo-chan wa Onnanoko! (Tomo-chan Is a Girl!)29:13 - Otonari no Tenshi-sama (The Angel Next Door Spoils Me Rotten)34:03 - Spy Classroom43:47 - Koori Zokusei Danshi to Cool na Douryou Joshi (The Ice Guy and His Cool Female Colleague)50:47 - Kubo-san wa Mob wo Yurusanai (Kubo Won't Let Me Be Invisible)1:00:28 - Buddy Daddies!1:07:40 - Inu ni Nattara Suki na Hito ni Hirowareta. (My Life as Inukai-san's Dog.)1:12:52 - Oniichan wa Oshimai! (Onimai: I'm Now Your Sister!)1:22:28 - Tsunlise (Endo and Kobayashi Live!)1:26:46 - Revenger1:35:39 - Ayakashi Triangle1:43:03 - Sugar Apple Fairy Tale1:50:05 - High Card1:56:25 - Mou Ippon!2:02:35 - Trigun Stampede2:13:08 - Bofuri S22:18:48 - Nagatoro S22:25:35 - Tsurune S22:33:26 - Suddenly, Egyptian Gods2:35:15 - In/Spectre2:46:33 - Misfit S22:53:28 - Vinland Saga3:05:08 - Other stuff (DanMachi, Urusei Yatsura, Blue Lock, The Eminence in Shadow, Bungou Stray Dogs, Tensei Oujo, D4DJ, Reborn to Master the Blade, Ars no Kyojuu)

Trigger on and bugger off! In this episode of our World Trigger retrospective Wensleydale and Hovin aim to cover volume 20 of the series, but invite over the series' letterer Ace Cor Christman to give a PSA about Witch Watch instead! Come join us as we chat about Inukai emulating Steve Buscemi, discuss Osamu's hot mum and unravel the very fabric of the series in the Q&A. Support the show on patreon.com/wensleydalecheddar Anchor // Youtube // Spotify // Apple Podcasts // Podbean // Breaker // Overcast // Radiopublic // Pocketcast // Podbay // Player.fm // Listennotes // Castro // Google Podcasts // Patreon // Twitter // Wensleydale's Twitter // Hovin's Twitter // Hovin's Hideaway Podcast // Twitch // Composer's Soundcloud // World Trigger Abridged Channel // Ace's Twitter // Ace's Store Intro 0:00 Summary 5:24 General Thoughts 14:42 Spoiler Corner 33:32 Ashihara Comments Corner 35:46 Q&A 40:46 Outro 53:04 Ashihara, D. (2019, January 20). (C. Cook, Trans. & A. Christman, Let.). Retrieved from https://mangaplus.shueisha.co.jp/titles/100028

Looking forward to the Spring 2022 season, there's a lot of love in the air! Today Xell and Crim are taking a look ahead at the rom-com packed season of Spring 2022. What makes a good rom-com? What makes a bad rom-com? What are our favorite rom-coms? Find out that and more on today's episode of the Nii-San Podcast! Do you have a favorite Rom-Com? Let us know in YouTube comments!  Check out our pretty looking podcast on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCsPR4t556wjeH6ChZW8P0kQ Follow Xell Here: https://twitter.com/XellTweets https://twitch.tv/Xell Follow Crim Here: https://twitter.com/TheAsianAvenger https://Twitch.tv/TheAsianAvenger Follow Nii-San Podcast Here: https://Reddit.com/r/NiisanPodcast https://twitter.com/NiisanPodcast www.tiktok.com/@niisanpodcast 0:00 Intro 0:55 A Look Ahead: Rom-Coms of Spring 2022 3:25 Weeb Weekly: Weekly Anime News 3:43 Streamer Awards 7:04 Man Jailed: Covid Relief for Pokemon Cards 11:19 My Life as Inukai's Dog 18:43 Introduction to Romance 19:42 What Makes a Good Rom-Com? 21:06 Anime + Rom-Coms Good Match? 24:44 Signs of a good Rom-Com? 36:17 Favorite Rom-Com Scenes? 45:01 What Makes a Bad Rom-Com? 1:02:06 Most Anticipated Simp Spring 2022 Anime? 1:07:25 Outro: Like, Comment, and Subscribe!

Episode Thirty Two Features Connie Inukai Talking About Becoming An Inventor After Retirement My Key Takeaways: Connie was a great guest and another example of someone who invented a product to solve an issue that she herself was having.  She hated not being able to see the receipts in dimly lit restaurants so she invented the Tip&Split to overcome that issue.   In this episode Connie shares: Why she retired from teaching Technical Writing and how it helped her in the creation process. How her ex husband assisted in the Tip&Split's creation with supplying the drawings as well as the algorithms it used. How much prior inventing experience that she had. The benefits of drinking of being in an Inventors Group and how she met Stephen Key. The manufacturing woes that she had and how it almost cost her a chance to have her product on QVC. How much excess inventory she had to have for shows like QVC and The View. That she perceives the market for products geared towards older consumers is underserved. How she wanted to manufacture her product in America but could not find a suitable electronics manufacturer. What her new product, Write Your Selfie, is about and how it can improve your families history. Why she put the Tip&Split on hold during the majority of the Covid-19 pandemic. To learn more about Connie, her website is Grandmapreneurinventor | Reinventing Yourself in Retirement and she can be found on LinkedIn, FaceBook, and YouTube as well.   Next week we'll have on April Mitchell talking about  how she has created multiple products and the processes that she uses to license them. I'd also like to take this opportunity to wish everyone out there a Merry Christmas   Be sure to hit subscribe in your podcast app so that you don't miss it or any other episodes. Show notes and more can be found at EntrepreneursOver40.com

“From instruction to innovation.” This has been the journey of our Kickass Boomer of the Day, Connie Inukai. After retiring from her position as an adjunct professor, she became a serial entrepreneur, award-winning inventor, author of “How I Got My Product on QVC, The Today Show, and More...In Retirement,” and creator of Write Your Selfie and Grandmapreneur. She left the University of Maryland and Johns Hopkins University teaching technical writing to invent “Tip ‘n Split,” the first restaurant calculating device with magnifier and light. What made this invention successful was her recognition of a problem that has not been solved yet. Join me in this episode and learn why Connie is a Kickass Boomer! [00:01 - 04:59] Opening Segment [05:00 - 15:35] “An Unlikely Inventor” [15:36 - 25:27] Write Your Story [25:28 - 30:26] What If You Fly? [30:27 - 35:10] Closing Segment Tweetable Quotes: “I don't give up and I think [people] like it when you're persistent.” - Connie Inukai “Nobody says you are too old to have curiosity and wonder.” - Connie Inukai “Passion has no expiration date.” - Connie Inukai Resources mentioned: Email connie@grandmapreneur.com to connect with Connie or follow her on LinkedIn, Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and YouTube. ----- BEE BOLD, NOT OLD. LEAVE A REVIEW and join me on my journey to become and stay a Kickass Boomer! Visit http://kickassboomers.com/ to listen to the previous episodes. Also check us out on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and LinkedIn. You can also connect with me by emailing terry@kickassboomers.com.

kintsugi13 This is the final episode of the Saga of the Inukai, Kintsugi Chronicles. In the next session, we will post one more episode with epilogues. System: Legend of the Five Rings, 4th Edition.Your GM: StuMinoru: EliMako: JimTakashi: StorkIchiro: CADaveMakiko: Kimi The Great War of Dissension in Rokugan is now at an end. The few remaining Inukai, along with their companions, are now in the Second City, in the Rokugani colony once known as the Ivory Kingdom, having followed a powerful Maho-Tsukai here.

kintsugi12 Game: Kintsugi: Saga of the Inukai System: Legend of the Five Rings (4th Edition) GM: Stu Players: Kimi, Stork, CADave Summary: Rokugan is at war. The cause of this war, carried by the whispers of the kami, is known to the daimyo of a minor family, Uedo of the Inukai. A group of former ronin must travel the empire, ridding the clans of this dark influence.   Visit happyjacks.org/thekintsugichronicles/ for a full list of this game's videos and podcasts. Tags: podcast, podcasts, rpg, actual play, rpg ap, L5R, Kintsugi, L5R 4th, TWO DAYS

kintsugi11 Game: Kintsugi: Saga of the Inukai System: Legend of the Five Rings (4th Edition) GM: Stu Players: Kimi, Stork, CADave Summary: Rokugan is at war. The cause of this war, carried by the whispers of the kami, is known to the daimyo of a minor family, Uedo of the Inukai. A group of former ronin must travel the empire, ridding the clans of this dark influence.   Visit happyjacks.org/thekintsugichronicles/ for a full list of this game's videos and podcasts. Tags: podcast, podcasts, rpg, actual play, rpg ap, L5R, Kintsugi, L5R 4th, TWO DAYS

kintsugi10 Game: Kintsugi: Saga of the Inukai System: Legend of the Five Rings (4th Edition) GM: Stu Players: Kimi, Stork, CADave Summary: Rokugan is at war. The cause of this war, carried by the whispers of the kami, is known to the daimyo of a minor family, Uedo of the Inukai. A group of former ronin must travel the empire, ridding the clans of this dark influence.   Visit happyjacks.org/thekintsugichronicles/ for a full list of this game's videos and podcasts.   Tags: podcast, podcasts, rpg, actual play, rpg ap, L5R, Kintsugi, L5R 4th, TWO DAYS

kintsugi09 Game: Kintsugi: Saga of the Inukai System: Legend of the Five Rings (4th Edition) GM: Stu Players: Kimi, Stork, CADave Summary: Rokugan is at war. The cause of this war, carried by the whispers of the kami, is known to the daimyo of a minor family, Uedo of the Inukai. A group of former ronin must travel the empire, ridding the clans of this dark influence.   Visit happyjacks.org/thekintsugichronicles/ for a full list of this game's videos and podcasts. Tags: podcast, podcasts, rpg, actual play, rpg ap, L5R, Kintsugi, L5R 4th, TWO DAYS

kintsugi08 Game: Kintsugi: Saga of the Inukai System: Legend of the Five Rings (4th Edition) GM: Stu Players: Kimi, Stork, CADave Summary: Rokugan is at war. The cause of this war, carried by the whispers of the kami, is known to the daimyo of a minor family, Uedo of the Inukai. A group of former ronin must travel the empire, ridding the clans of this dark influence.   Visit happyjacks.org/thekintsugichronicles/ for a full list of this game's videos and podcasts. Tags: podcast, podcasts, rpg, actual play, rpg ap, L5R, Kintsugi, L5R 4th, TWO DAYS

kintsugi07 Game: Kintsugi: Saga of the Inukai System: Legend of the Five Rings (4th Edition) GM: Stu Players: Kimi, Stork, CADave Summary: Rokugan is at war. The cause of this war, carried by the whispers of the kami, is known to the daimyo of a minor family, Uedo of the Inukai. A group of former ronin must travel the empire, ridding the clans of this dark influence. Tags: podcast, podcasts, rpg, actual play, rpg ap, L5R, Kintsugi, L5R 4th, TWO DAYS

kintsugi06 Game: Kintsugi: Saga of the Inukai System: Legend of the Five Rings (4th Edition) GM: Stu Players: Kimi, Stork, CADave, Jim, Eli Summary: Rokugan is at war. The cause of this war, carried by the whispers of the kami, is known to the daimyo of a minor family, Uedo of the Inukai. A group of former ronin must travel the empire, ridding the clans of this dark influence. Tags: podcast, podcasts, rpg, actual play, rpg ap, L5R, Kintsugi, L5R 4th, TWO DAYS

kintsugi05 Game: Kintsugi: Saga of the Inukai System: Legend of the Five Rings (4th Edition) GM: Stu Players: Kimi, Stork, CADave Summary: Rokugan is at war. The cause of this war, carried by the whispers of the kami, is known to the daimyo of a minor family, Uedo of the Inukai. A group of former ronin must travel the empire, ridding the clans of this dark influence. Tags: podcast, podcasts, rpg, actual play, rpg ap, L5R, Kintsugi, L5R 4th, TWO DAYS

kintsugi04 Game: Kintsugi: Saga of the Inukai System: Legend of the Five Rings (4th Edition) GM: Stu Players: Kimi, Stork, CADave Summary: Rokugan is at war. The cause of this war, carried by the whispers of the kami, is known to the daimyo of a minor family, Uedo of the Inukai. A group of former ronin must travel the empire, ridding the clans of this dark influence. Tags: podcast, podcasts, rpg, actual play, rpg ap, L5R, Kintsugi, L5R 4th, TWO DAYS

KINTSUGI03 Game: Kintsugi: Saga of the Inukai System: Legend of the Five Rings (4th Edition) GM: Stu Players: Kimi, Stork, CADave Summary: Rokugan is at war. The cause of this war, carried by the whispers of the kami, is known to the daimyo of a minor family, Uedo of the Inukai. A group of former ronin must travel the empire, ridding the clans of this dark influence. Tags: podcast, podcasts, rpg, actual play, rpg ap, L5R, Kintsugi, L5R 4th, TWO DAYS

kintsugi02 (revised) Game: Kintsugi: Saga of the Inukai System: Legend of the Five Rings (4th Edition) GM: Stu Players: Kimi, Stork, CADave Summary: Rokugan is at war. The cause of this war, carried by the whispers of the kami, is known to the daimyo of a minor family, Uedo of the Inukai. A group of former ronin must travel the empire, ridding the clans of this dark influence. Tags: podcast, podcasts, rpg, actual play, rpg ap, L5R, Kintsugi, L5R 4th, TWO DAYS

KINTSUGI01 Game: Kintsugi: Saga of the Inukai System: Legend of the Five Rings (4th Edition) GM: Stu Players: Kimi, Stork, CADave Summary: Rokugan is at war. The cause of this war, carried by the whispers of the kami, is known to the daimyo of a minor family, Uedo of the Inukai. A group of former ronin must travel the empire, ridding the clans of this dark influence. Tags: podcast, podcasts, rpg, actual play, rpg ap, L5R, Kintsugi, L5R 4th, TWO DAYS

dissension05 System: Legend of the Five Rings (FFG Beta) GM: Stu Players: Stork, Kimi, CADave Summary: It is a time of chaos and war. The Lion and Dragon Clans have declared war upon the Crane and Mantis. The fighting was bloody and costly. Finally, the Emerald Champion asked the remaining clans to strike against the warring clans' ability to continue the fight. Now all the Great Clans are at war. But the Emperor has a plan to end the fighting, and it involves a minor, troublesome minor family nestled in the Asai Valley, far in Crane territory. Tags: podcast, podcasts, tabletop, RPG, actual play, L5R, FFG, Legend of the Five Rings, Beta, TWO DAYS, Inukai  

DISSENSION04 Game: Dissension System: Legend of the Five Rings (FFG Beta) GM: Stu Players: Stork, Kimi, CADave Summary: It is a time of chaos and war. The Lion and Dragon Clans have declared war upon the Crane and Mantis. The fighting was bloody and costly. Finally, the Emerald Champion asked the remaining clans to strike against the warring clans' ability to continue the fight. Now all the Great Clans are at war. But the Emperor has a plan to end the fighting, and it involves a minor, troublesome minor family nestled in the Asai Valley, far in Crane territory. Tags: podcast, podcasts, tabletop, RPG, actual play, L5R, FFG, Legend of the Five Rings, Beta, TWO DAYS, Inukai

dissension03 Game: Dissension System: Legend of the Five Rings (FFG Beta) GM: Stu Players: Stork, Kimi, CADave Summary: It is a time of chaos and war. The Lion and Dragon Clans have declared war upon the Crane and Mantis. The fighting was bloody and costly. Finally, the Emerald Champion asked the remaining clans to strike against the warring clans' ability to continue the fight. Now all the Great Clans are at war. But the Emperor has a plan to end the fighting, and it involves a minor, troublesome family nestled in the Asai Valley, far in Crane territory. Tags: podcast, podcasts, tabletop, RPG, actual play, L5R, FFG, Legend of the Five Rings, Beta, TWO DAYS, Inukai  

dissension02 System: Legend of the Five Rings (FFG Beta) GM: Stu Players: Stork, Kimi, CADave Summary: It is a time of chaos and war. The Lion and Dragon Clans have declared war upon the Crane and Mantis. The fighting was bloody and costly. Finally, the Emerald Champion asked the remaining clans to strike against the warring clans' ability to continue the fight. Now all the Great Clans are at war. But the Emperor has a plan to end the fighting, and it involves a minor, troublesome minor family nestled in the Asai Valley, far in Crane territory. Tags: podcast, podcasts, tabletop, RPG, actual play, L5R, FFG, Legend of the Five Rings, Beta, TWO DAYS, Inukai

dissension01 Game: Dissension System: Legend of the Five Rings (FFG Beta) GM: Stu Players: Stork, Kimi, CADave Summary: It is a time of chaos and war. The Lion and Dragon Clans have declared war upon the Crane and Mantis. The fighting was bloody and costly. Finally, the Emerald Champion asked the remaining clans to strike against the warring clans' ability to continue the fight. Now all the Great Clans are at war. But the Emperor has a plan to end the fighting, and it involves a minor, troublesome minor family nestled in the Asai Valley, far in Crane territory. Tags: podcast, podcasts, tabletop, RPG, actual play, L5R, FFG, Legend of the Five Rings, Beta, TWO DAYS, Inukai

Dissension00 The Crane Clan by Unknown **NOTE: This is a character generation session. No actual playing. Game: Dissension System: Legend of the Five Rings (FFG Beta) GM: Stu Players: Stork, Kimi, CADave Summary: It is a time of chaos and war. The Lion and Dragon Clans have declared war upon the Crane and Mantis. The fighting was bloody and costly. Finally, the Emerald Champion asked the remaining clans to strike against the warring clans' ability to continue the fight. Now all the Great Clans are at war. But the Emperor had a plan to end the fighting, and it involves a minor, troublesome minor family nestled in the Inukai Valley, far in Crane territory. Tags: podcast, podcasts, rpg, tabletop, actual play, L5R, TWO DAYS, FFG, Beta, Inukai, Dissension