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In this third installment of our series on the Jinshin no Ran, we are covering the battles that took place in the Nara basin.   Of course, while the fighting focuses on the generals, most of it was done by conscripts--farmers and other common people called up to fight. For more, check out of podcast webpage:  https://sengokudaimyo.com/podcast/episode-131   Rough Transcript: Welcome to Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  My name is Joshua, and this is episode 131: The Jinshin no Ran, Part 3: Fighting in the Nara Basin   Maro stood under the tsuki tree and gazed at the walls of the great temple.  The gates and tiled roof were truly an incredible sight.  Maro's home wasn't that far away, but until he'd been called up for service to the government, he hadn't thought much beyond the valley where he and his family tilled the land.  Their life had been largely spent in the village, tucked up in the valley, farming rice, hunting in the mountains, and gathering firewood.   He remembered how, years ago, his brothers had been the ones to go and do their service.  They had been called up to build some kind of giant fortress on the top of a mountain.  The stories they  brought back were incredible—it was one thing to hear tales of the outside world from merchants and itinerant priests, but it was different to hear them from someone you actually knew.  Now, it was Maro's turn.  But he hadn't been called up for labor—he was going to have to fight.  He tried to psych himself up.  Many of the men and, frankly, young boys who were there with him were in a similar boat.  Some were old hands, having served multiple times.  Others were new and, like Maro, there for the first time.  None of them were professional soldiers, though you wouldn't know that by the way some of them swaggered through the camp.  They had been called up quickly, with only a little information.  Apparently Prince Ohoama, they were told, had rebelled against the government.  He and his men were gathering in the east and at any moment they could attack the capital in Ohotsu, and from there they would swing down and attack the ancient capital.  So here they were, several hundred conscripts, pulled from households around the ancient capital, gathered and waiting for their weapons and armor so that they could then get their marching orders—quite literally. Suddenly, Maro heard a commotion in the north.  He couldn't see what was happening, but the murmurs turned to shouting.  Prince Takechi, the son of the demonic rebel, Ohoama, was here, coming from the north with hundreds of expert soldiers on horseback!  Panic set in, and even though a few of the officers tried to quell the disturbance, it wasn't enough.  Afraid for what might come, Maro and those like him broke ranks and fled.  Maro gave little thought to what might happen to his family and friends if he deserted—he was no longer thinking rationally.  Along with his compatriots—his would-be brothers-in-arms if they had been given any—he hoped that he could hide, and that, if he survived, maybe, just maybe, he could somehow make it back home in one piece.   Welcome back.  Content warning for this episode—we are going to be talking about war, including death, fighting, and suicide. As I noted at the start, this is part three of our look at the Jinshin no Ran, the Jinshin War—sometimes translated as a “Disturbance” or a “Rebellion”.  This was the war between the supporters of Prince Ohoama, also known as Temmu, and Prince Ohotomo, aka Koubun.  Ohoama's side is sometimes called the Yoshino or even the Yamato court, as he had quote-unquote “retired” from the world and become a monk at a temple in Yoshino, south of Asuka, in the old area of Yamato.  Meanwhile, Ohotomo's supporters were the Afumi court—including most of the ministers running the state from the capital in Ohotsu, on the shores of lake Biwa, the area known as Afumi.  So let's take a look at what has happened so far, and then we can get into the events we are talking about today: a look at the soldiers who were fighting, their gear, and then some of the fighting that went on—specifically the fighting that happened in the Nara Basin.  I'll do my best to organize things based on the rough timeline that they seem to have occurred. Now previously, we had covered how Ohoama, brother to Naka no Oe aka Tenchi Tennou, had given up his title as Crown Prince and retired, supposedly to prevent any concerns that he might rebel and try to take the throne, but this wasn't enough for Ohotomo and the Court, who had begun to raise forces against him.  And so Ohoama and his supporters had just made a desperate dash eastwards, across the mountain roads to Ise.  From there they secured the Fuwa and Suzuka passes, two of the main routes to the East Countries.  Ohoama had then sent out requests for assistance to those same countries, hoping to find allies who would support him against the apparently legitimate government in Ohotsu. We are told that Ohoama was joined at this time by two of his sons: Prince Takechi and Prince Ohotsu. And here I want to pause to note something that I didn't point out last episode: These princes were not quite as old as you might think from the way they are portrayed in the Chronicle.  Prince Takechi, who had been given command of the troops at Fuwa Barrier, was only 19 years old.  Granted, that is only 4 years younger than their rival, Prince Ohotomo, and only a couple of years younger than the famous Minamoto Yoshitsune would be when he joined his brother in the Genpei Wars, over 500 years later.  Prince Ohotsu, however, was a bit younger, as he is believed to have been about 10 years old at this time, which likely explains why he is not so prominent in the narrative.  I mention this because the Nihon Shoki often omits details like age and can make it seem like these were all seasoned adult men and women, when it may have been that they were simply of high enough status to be mentioned, even though others were likely running their affairs for them.  In Prince Takechi's case, while he was likely old enough to take charge of the forces at Fuwa, it is also clear that his father was nearby and overseeing things, so everything didn't rest solely on his son's shoulders. Meanwhile, the Afumi court was raising its own soldiers.  While their delegation to the East was stopped at the captured Fuwa Pass, they also had sent word to the west.  Kibi and Tsukushi are specifically mentioned, but we know that they were raising troops elsewhere, including in the home province regions of Yamato and Kawachi. Here it should be noted that the Nihon Shoki is pretty clearly pro-Temmu, in other words pro-Ohoama.  There is some evidence from textual analysis, however, that the Temmu portions of the narrative differ from the Tenchi portions.  Torquil Duthie, in his book, “Man'yōshū and the Imperial Imagination in Early Japan”, recounts how scholarship has identified at least two—possibly three—different groups of compilers who managed different reigns.  The Tenchi narrative is more neutral, while the Temmu narrative provides a bit more of an accusatory tone, and both narratives provide slightly different accounts of the same events—notably the death of Naka no Oe, Prince Ohoama taking vows, and Prince Ohotomo succeeding his father.  On the other side, Duthie mentions  the Kaifusou, a collection of Sinitic style poetry created in 751, just 31 years after the Nihon Shoki, where in the introduction, the author seems to be much more sympathetic to Prince Ohotomo and his cause, implying that Oama was the one rising up against the legitimate government. I mention this just to help us remember that our primary source is not exactly neutral about all of this, and we should keep that in mind as we are trying to sort out what was going on.  The narrative also often makes it seem as though the outcome was inevitable, but we should remember that at the time all of these events were going down, the people involved couldn't have known how they were going to turn out— in the moment, anything could have happened, especially in times of war. Speaking of which, we know that the two sides were raising troops, so let's talk about what we know about those troops and what combat may have looked like at this time.  While we don't exactly have detailed accounts, there is a lot we can piece together through the archaeological record and other sources.  To that end we have evidence of armor and weapons, as well as shields, and we can also look at haniwa through the 6th and even early 7th century to give us an idea of local armor styles.  Let's first look back on how soldiers were conscripted.  Each household seems to have been responsible for supplying a soldier, when required.  They were also to supply their equipment.  This included a sword, armor, bows and arrows, as well as a flag and drum. In historical parades, today, we often see row upon row of soldiers kitted out in matching clothing, appearing relatively cohesive and well-regimented.  In truth it is hard to know just how similar any one group might have been.  Based on later historical examples, it is safe to assume that many of the soldiers may not have had much armor, if any, and even if they did it might have been made of wood or leather, which were unlikely to survive to the modern day. Of course, I would also question just how often they were able to afford everything mentioned.  And since we are told that as the government was gathering soldiers it was also opening up storehouses of weapons and armor, I suspect that indicates that not everyone had their own.  And even if they did, it may have been of questionable quality. That said, if a warrior did have armor, it was likely one of two types, variations of which were both found on the continent. The first type is characterized by a solid, circular cuirass, often called a “tankou”, or short armor.  These were made of strips of iron that were shaped on a wooden form and then riveted or tied together into a solid cuirass, which is why it is also called a type of “plate” armor.  One side of the armor was hinged and could open so that the wearer could get in.  There are some tankou with a hanging skirt of tassets that flare out as well, protecting the legs, and even examples of pieces that also go around the neck, shoulder guards, and arm guards.  The tankou seems to date from at least the 3rd or 4th century, with changes in design over time, and we know that it continued through at least the 6th century. Compare this to the keikou, or hanging armor.  Keikou was a kind of lamellar armor, made of individual scales, later known as “sane”.  These metal scales, also known as lamellae, were held together with lacing, and made for a much more flexible, and presumably comfortable, armor.  The tradeoff for this comfort was that keikou likely took a lot more labor to make, and thus were considered a more elite armor, possibly used by men on horseback or at least by those leading the troops.  Looking into the future a bit, we know that in the 8th century there were “tankou” and “keikou” being donated to the Shousouin repository at Toudaiji.  However, it isn't clear that “tankou” and “keikou” in the 8th century referred to exactly this kind of armor, and we may have been dealing with something else entirely, because there is a lacuna in our understanding of armor on the archipelago between the end of the Asuka period and the appearance of the more familiar yoroi in the Heian period comes about.  There are conjectured transitional armors, based on continental models, which are thought to have been used.  Still, at this very point in time, when Ohoama is mounting his rebellion against Ohotomo, the Keikou and Tankou are generally thought to have still been in use, and this is generally how you will see the two sides represented. As for weapons, perhaps the most common that we see is the bow and arrow.  Archery is extremely practical, not only for its ability to be used from a distance, but also because in times of peace people can use the same bows to hunt, thus making hunting prowess a kind of stand-in for military prowess.  The way of the bow—in fact the way of the horse and bow, or Kyuuba no Michi—would be the main pillar of martial prowess in the archipelago for centuries.  The iconic sword, while important—it was, after all, one of the three sacred regalia—was more of a side-arm, deployed in close quarters combat.  It was still important, as it could be easily carried with you.  However, it is more likely that massed troops might have had spears and various types of polearms, providing reach.  Those are harder to just casually carry around, however, especially if you are mainly using a bow.  Perhaps that is part of the reason that we don't hear as much about such weapons, and most of the focus seems to be on the archers and on swords. There were also at this time shields.  We know that the Hayato of southern Kyushu were particularly known for them, but there evidence that they were more widely used.  After all, a shield made of wood would have made an important defense against a rain of arrows coming from the enemy. As for the horses, some of them may have even had their own barding, or armor, though I suspect, again, that was rare, and reserved for elites.  All of this together gives us some idea of what it may have looked like when Ohoama and Ohotomo's forces engaged in battle, though it is still conjecture.  We know that they had spears, and swords, and bows.  We know that some of the first men that Prince Ohoama picked up on his journey was to conscript archers to his service, who then were pressed into taking a government post station.    We also don't necessarily see a lot of individual fighting described in the records, though there are exceptions. Later on, there was a tradition of individual warriors calling out challenges in the midst of battle, that became an accepted practice in the early culture of the bushi, or samurai, but we don't see that in the Chronicles.    Certainly we see moments of individual valor which are remembered, likely because of the benefits that the hero's descendants could then claim for themselves.   But for the most part it seems that the people actually doing the fighting were groups of conscripted soldiers, not the hired warriors of later periods.  Even among groups like the Mononobe, the Be of the Warriors, it isn't clear that they would have been the ones on the front lines—not if they could help it, anyway.  Most of these were farmers and similar commoners, who were called up to fight as necessary.  Some of them may have seen action over on the Korean peninsula, or even in local skirmishes.  Others would have been fresh out of the fields, joining the ranks for the first time.  They were not exactly volunteers, but also didn't have much of a choice.  It was the draft on steroids. I also suspect that the act of conscription, where a soldier was offered up by a household, or family,, meant that desertion would mean that their family would be punished. While the elite generals providing the men were no doubt gauging how this would affect their own political and economic fortunes, I imagine that the average soldier had much less agency and could look forward to many fewer rewards.  In fact, I suspect his main goal would have been one of survival.  Perhaps if one fought well, they could earn something more for themselves, and perhaps there were cultural concepts of loyalty to one's local elites and leadership.  And maybe there were leaders who inspired them to do great things.  However, works like the Nihon Shoki were rarely concerned with the lives of the common people, except when it shined a light on the sovereigns and their court.   It was much more concerned with how this affected the upper caste of society. There is also the question about just what kind of fighting this system led to.  Again, these are not the bushi—a warrior class who prided themselves on their martial prowess.  And neither were they standing armies.  While there were likely some who regularly served and trained and found they had a skill at war, how many were simple farmers who were now holding a spear instead of a spade?  These are things to keep in mind as we follow along with tales of glorious victory or ignoble defeat. So, that's a glimpse at who was actually doing the fighting.  As for the timeline of the battle, let's get into it.  But first, a caveat:  as we should be used to by now, the exact chronology of the events listed in the Nihon Shoki is not entirely clear.  The Nihon Shoki provides a narrative, but often it includes actions that took several days or even weeks on a single date where the events apparently culminated.  Using cues, such as “one day later” or such things, we can piece together a narrative, but I may not have it 100% accurate.  It doesn't help that the Nihon Shoki seems to focus on different campaigns separately, even though much of it was happening at the same time.  That's compounded by the fact that all of this was being recorded much later, and so there is also a great possibility that even some of the seemingly clear dates were also wrong, or were adjusted to make for a better flow in the narrative.  So I'm going to do my best to piece together what I roughly feel was the chronological order, but just be aware that dates may not be all that precise.    In the coming conflict we see several main arenas.  First, there is the area around Lake Biwa, from the Fuwa pass towards Ohotsu.  This was Ohoama's main path to try and put an end to this whole affair—to make his way to Ohotsu, the capital, and cut off the head of the snake.  To do that he would have to leave his defensive position and venture out around the lake, where Afumi forces no doubt lay in wait.  At the same time, there was also fierce fighting in the Nara Basin, with Yoshino and Afumi forces clashing there across the plains.  And we cannot forget the Kafuka, or Kouka, pass over to Suzuka.  If the Afumi forces could push through to Suzuka, then they could march along the coastal plains of Mie up through Owari and come at Ohoama's forces from behind. In previous episodes we covered the leadup to this part of the conflict, and while there had been some fighting at the post stations on the road to Suzuka, as well as captured envoys at Fuwa Pass, so far we haven't seen any major fighting.  If the timeline in the Nihon Shoki is to be believed, the first serious clashes seem to have occurred in the Yamato region and the Nara basin. In general, however, there seems to have been two main campaigns.  There was the fighting in the Nara Basin, and then there was the fighting along the shores of Lake Biwa. Everything started off at the end of the 6th month with Ohoama's mad dash to capture the passes at Suzuka and Fuwa, where he waited while he gathered up men from the Eastern countries.  While that was happening, the Afumi court was out recruiting men for their own war.  This would lead to some of the earliest formal battles between the two sides taking place in the Nara Basin, originally a recruitment center, it turned into a battle zone.  Yoshino aligned forces would push north, only to be blocked by armies coming down from the capital at Ohotsu, as well as forces coming through the gap between Yamato and Kawachi, where the Yamato river leaves the basin through the western mountains.  The fighting happened largely over the course of a week or so.  It started around the 29th day of the 6th month, and seems to have ended between the 4th or 6th day of the 7th month.  So keep that in mind. As you may recall from last episode, two brothers, Ohotomo no Muraji no Makuda and Ohotomo no Muraji no Fukei, upon hearing that Ohoama was rising up, both feigned illness, using that as an excuse to leave the court at Ohotsu and return to their family compounds in the Yamato region.  From there, Makuda made haste to catch up with Ohoama and his men, but his brother, Fukei, stayed behind to see what he could do in Yamato. Originally, Fukei's success was limited.  He started calling various allied families together and tried to drum up support for Ohoama, but he could only gather a few tens of men.  Not the hundreds, let alone thousands, that would be needed.  At the same time, the Afumi court was conscripting men of the Yamato region into service.  This was being organized by Hodzumi no Obito no Momotari and his younger brother, Hodzumi no Obito no Ihoye, along with Mononobe no Obito no Hiuga, who had all been sent to Yamato on the orders of the Afumi court, apparently arriving shortly after Fukei.  This group set up their base of operations at the Wokamoto palace—it was, after all, the official government presence and they were the official government representatives —and they used the grounds west of Houkouji, aka Asukadera, as their assembly grounds. Ohotomo no Fukei knew that something would have to be done.  If those conscripted Yamato soldiers were formed into a proper army and sent out, it could cause a lot of trouble for Ohoama and his men.  And fortunately, Fukei had a man on the inside: apparent ally, Sakanouhe no Atahe no Kumage, the officer in charge of the Wokamoto Palace, working for Prince Takazaka who resided there.  And so Fukei had a plan—he would impersonate the Royal Prince Takechi, son of Ohoama, and pretend to lead a force of cavalry to attack the camp at Asukadera.  To strengthen the illusion, Fukei would come in from the north, which is where Prince Takechi and his men would presumably be coming from.  Now remember, Fukei only had tens of people that were actually on his side at this point, and the camp was presumably much larger.  If they didn't fall for his ruse, Fukei would be marching straight to his death. Fukei marshalled his troops at the house of Kudara, which is to say “Baekje”, and then left out of the south gate.  He then had an accomplice, Hada no Miyatsuko no Kuma, dressed in nothing but a loincloth, mount a horse and gallop as fast as he could towards the camp.  You can imagine the confusion in the camp as this wild, naked man gallops up to them in a panic and starts telling them that Prince Takechi and his men were on their way with a huge force. When the conscripted soldiers heard this, they panicked.  While the men were gathered, it seems that they hadn't yet been outfitted with weapons and armor, so the entire camp broke and fled.  And so Fukei was able to waltz in with his tens of men and take the camp at Asukadera, capturing Prince Takazaka and those sent from Ohotsu to levy troops.  Fukei's ally, Kumage, the man on the inside, helped with this, along with the soldiers under the command of him and the Aya no Atahe.  And so they were able to disperse the conscripted Yamato forces before they were even assembled.  However, it turned out that someone was missing.  Hodzumi no Omi no Momotari, who had been appointed leader of the operation, was not at Asukadera.  It turns out that he was over at the Woharida Palace, where he was reviewing the armory, taking out the weapons and armor for the troops that he thought were still over at Asukadera. And so Fukei continued the ruse: he sent a messenger to summon Momotari, claiming to be a summons from Prince Takechi himself. Momotari, hearing this, likely knew that he had lost, but he apparently maintained his dignity.  He didn't run away or rush to the camp.  Instead he approached on horseback in a leisurely fashion.  When he reached the encampment, now under Fukei's command, one of the soldiers shouted at Momotari to get off his horse, but Momotari, likely trying to keep what remained of his dignity, was slow in doing so.  The men around him didn't care one whit for his dignity, however.  They grabbed his collar and pulled him off of the horse, dragging him to the ground.  He was shot with an arrow and then a man drew his sword and struck him and killed him.  We aren't even told who did this deed, just how it was done. As for the others, Momonatari's brother, Hodzumi no Ihoye and Mononobe no Hiuga were bound, but eventually they were released amongst the troops, where they were no doubt watched carefully.  Princes Takazaka no Ou and Wakasa no Ou, the representatives of the Afumi court in Asuka, were made to follow behind the army.  With this victory under his belt, Ohotomo no Fukei sent messengers to Prince Ohoama, at the Fuwa pass, to let him know what had happened.  When the messengers finally reached Ohoama we are told that he was quite pleased with the result.  After all, it meant that his rearguard was that much more secure. We are told that these events took place on or about the 29th day of the 6th month, around the same time that Ohoama was overseeing the troops at Wazami, only a few days after he and the real Prince Takechi had made their way to that camp.  Things were evolving quickly.  Fukei's success drew others to his banner.  Miwa no Kimi no Takechimaro, Kamo no Kimi no Yemishi, and othes all joined Fukei's forces, “like an echo”.  With a now more sizeable force, it seems that Fukei believed he was ready to take the fight to the Afumi court.  He and his advisors drew up plans for invading Afumi, selecting men to be deputy commanders and military commanders, providing a hierarchy and some organization.  From there, a few days later, he began to march north from Asuka, towards Nara. Now Nara at this point was just a name for the northwest area of the basin—they probably didn't even think of it as the Nara basin back then.  But it was along the road that led north, through the mountains, and from there through Yamashiro and eventually on to Afumi.  As Fukei was headed north, however,  he received word that there was another force coming from the Kawachi in the west.  And so he split his forces.  Sakamoto no Omi no Takara and others were sent with some 300 troops to take a defensive position at Tatsuta.  Sami no Kimi no Sukunamaro was also sent with another several hundred men to Ohosaka… no, not that Ohosaka.  Afusaka in modern Kashiba, in western Nara Basin.  This area would have been a strategic defensive point for any troops taking the road from Kawachi, so if anyone got past Sakamoto no Takara, Sukunamaro and his troops would be waiting. The now General Fukei also sent Kamo no Yemishi with another several hundred men to guard the Iwate road, to defend that approach as well.  Now Sakamoto no Takara, who had been sent to engage the troops coming from Kawachi, reached the area of Hiraishi when he heard that Afumi forces were occupying the nearby castle of Takayasu mountain.  You may recall that Takayasu was one of the Korean style fortresses that had been built in anticipation of a possible invasion from the continent, and it had even been repaired a few times.  Now it was being used not against an outside enemy, but in an internal conflict. Takara and his men marched up the mountain, intending to attack the castle, and here we should probably give a better idea of just what this castle was like.  If you think of a modern Japanese castle the thing that likely stands out, no pun intended, is the Tenshukaku, or donjon; the multi-storied tower located somewhere inside the walls and moats of the castle proper.  This would be an ideal location to spy over the walls and see where the enemy were, as well as an area from which one could make a last ditch stand. The castles of the Asuka period were not like this.  They were built off of a continental model, and their defining feature was not the donjon—though they likely did have gate and guard towers set up so that one could see attacking forces.  No, the defining feature was really the walls.  Long, compacted-earth walls, possibly lined with stone, which snaked around the top of a mountain.  This castle style leveraged the natural contours of existing mountain tops to provide its defense.  It didn't hurt that they also provided clear views of what was happening on the plains below, and required attacking troops to march up a steep mountain climb and then attack uphill.  The tradeoff was that these weren't the kind of places that people would live, when most of the infrastructure of the state was in the fertile plains and surrounding areas.  So these castles had granaries to keep troops fed, and perhaps some basic buildings erected within the walls, but they were largely a practical design. You can still go see the Takayasu ruins, today, and you don't have to hike up the mountain as Takara and his men did.  Instead you can take a cable car up to the top, or even a regular car on the roads that drive up to the old castle site, though how much you can see I'm not sure.  There are also other castle ruins and even old kofun on the mountain, as its prominence has been recognized as important in many different centuries. There likely weren't a lot of troops manning the castle, certainly not enough that they felt they had much chance of defending it.  So when Takara and his men made it up to the top, they Afumi forces burned the granaries, so as to deny him any supplies, and then took off, discretion being the better part of valor.  Takara and his men spent the evening at the castle, no doubt recovering from their hike up.  Remember, this wasn't just a leisurely stroll—they were no doubt fully kitted out for war.  When they woke the next morning they looked out over the surrounding countryside, of which they now had fantastic views, and   Takara noticed a large army coming down along the Ohotsu-Tajihi road.  They carried flags, which I don't know how Takara could have seen at that point, which identified them as being the enemy - troops of the Afumi general, Iki no Fubito no Karakuni. And so Takara and his men descended from Takayasu, crossed the Ega River—now known as the Ishi river, and engaged Karakuni's army.  They were only 300 men, however, and Karakuni had a much larger forcem so  Takara was unable to maintain a defense.  And so they made a strategic withdrawal—in other words retreated—back to Kashikosaka, apparently a part of Afusaka, where Ki no Omi no Oho'oto had been set to guard.  So Ohotomo and the Afumi court finally scored a win. Besides his victory against Takara and his men, we are also told that Karakuni had come upon Kume no Omi no Shihoko, the governor of Kawachi.  Shihoko had been gathering troops to go fight for Ohoama, but he was found out by Karakuni.  Karakuni captured him and was going to execute him, but before he could, Shihoko took his own life, instead. As Takara was retreating and setting up a new defensive position, Fukei had his own problems to worry about.  As he was camped with his troops on Mt. Narayama, one of his men, Aradawo no Atahe no Akamaro, addressed him and suggested that they should make sure to fortify Asuka, just in case.  Fukei agreed, and sent Akamaro as well as Imbe no Kobito to guard the Okamoto Palace in Asuka.  They also made sure to remove the planks from any bridges, using them to setup fortifications along the road.  Now any army that wished to cross would either have to swim or they would need to come across the narrow beams that were all that was left of the bridges.  This was not ideal at the best of times, but you can imagine doing it as troops on the other side were shooting arrows at you.  And yet this has become a near classic trope in Japanese war stories and it won't be the only time it comes up in various historical contexts.  It wouldn't even be the only time it shows up in this current conflict. A day later, Fukei found himself engaged with an Afumi general, Ohono no Kimi no Hatayasu, on Mt. Narayama itself.  Despite Fukei having had time to set up a defensive position, the Afumi forces overwhelmed Fukei's men.  They were defeated and Fukei himself barely escaped with his life.  Fukei fled south with only one or two men, also on horseback, with Hatayasu hot on his heels, only stopping when they reached Hatta and the Yamato river.  At that point the fortifications were in place, and Hatayasu likely knew that any trying to cross the river after Fukei would likely not go nearly as well as it did at Narayama. As for General Fukei he kept going all the way until he reached Sumizaka, which appears to be in Uda.  There he fell in with Okizome no Muraji no Usagi, at the head of several tens of thousands of men.  Usagi had been with Ohoama , but upon hearing of the fighting in Yamato, Ohoama had sent him  and others to go back through the Suzuka pass to provide reinforcements.  One can only imagine how happy Fukei was at this point to see Usagi and all of thise men.  Fukei turned back around and encamped at Kanatsunawi—possibly modern Imai-cho, Kashihara city.  There he was able to gather many of the dispersed troops back into a force once again. About this time, Fukei heard that the Afumi forces were also approaching along the Afusaka road.  So now they were approaching from both the north and the west.  They were also taking several different roads—inside the largely flat area of the Nara Basin, they likely had several choices.  Takara and Oho-oto had been unable to meet the enemy and had kept retreating, likely seeking a defensible position.  As they did this, Fukei came from the east with his reinforcements.  He made it to where the roads branched at Tahema—modern Taima—where he fought with Iki no Karakuni nearby Ashi-kie pond, possibly somewhere near modern Chimata.  During the battle, one of Fukei's men, a brave warrior known to us only as “Kume”, drew his sword and rushed straight into the midst of the enemy army.  Of course one lone man wasn't likely to do much, but he inspired a cavalry charge, and men on horseback followed closely at his heels.  Seeing this force bearing quickly down on them, the Afumi troops broke, and soon it was a rout.  Fukei's men pursued, cutting down the Afumi soldiers as they fled, until Fukei finally reined them in. At this point, Fukei then admonished his troops that their goal was to take out the ringleaders, not to just indiscriminately murder the common people.  Remember, which side of the battlefield you ended up fighting on was largely a function of who had conscripted you, and Fukei evidently knew this.  As the men were still retreating, though, Fukei noticed that the Afumi general, Karakuni – one of those ringleaders - had gotten himself separated from his men.  Fukei ordered Kume—presumably the same one who had charged the army in the first place—to shoot at him, but Kume's arrow missed, and Karakuni made his escape.  Rather than pursuing, Fukei returned back to his headquarters. Once there, Fukei now learned that there were enemy forces approaching from the East, as well.  So Fukei took the army and divided it into three, defending the Upper, Middle, and Lower roads, and he took personal charge of the forces on the middle road, likely so that he could easily keep in touch with the other forces.  He was also waiting for the next challenge, and he didn't have to wait for long: the Afumi general Inukai no Muraji no Isogimi approached along the Middle Road.  He halted at Muraya, but his deputy commander, Ihoriwi no Miyatsuko no Kujira, attacked Fukei's camp with 200 specially picked soldiers.  Now it turns out that when they reached the camp, there were only a few people actually there at the time, including one Tokumaro, described as a slave of Ohowidera temple, and four “people following the army” – in other words, these might not have been actual soldiers.  .  Nevertheless, together this small group rallied, formed an advance guard and went forward, shooting arrows at Kujira's forces.  Kujira, not knowing that Fukei's camp was all but empty, halted his advance. Meanwhile, over on the Upper Road, Miwa no Takechimaro and Okizome no Usagi, who had been sent by Ohoama from Fuwa, fought with the Afumi army at the Hashi Misasagi—which is assumed to be the Hashihaka kofun, and they overwhelmingly defeated the Afumi army there, such that they was able to pivot from there and swing their forces over to the Middle road.  There they slammed into the flank of Kujira's army, who had stopped to trade blows with Fukei's camp.  Many of the common soldiers were killed, and the general, Kujira, ran off, mounted on a white horse.  Unfortunately for him, the horse took a misstep and tumbled into a muddy-rice field. Kujira was bogged down in the mud and having trouble getting out.  General Fukei, seeing this, sent a brave soldier of Kahi to shoot at Kujira, but as the soldier came up to the edge of the rice paddy, Kujira whipped his horse vigorously, and got it to extricate itself and Kujira, who galloped off and escaped.  Fukei, for his part, returned again to his headquarters and camped with his men there.  Though they were ready for another conflict, nothing ever came.  The Afumi forces had withdrawn.  The battle for the Nara basin was over, and the Yoshino forces were victorious. General Fukei, however, was anything but finished.  Remember, he had planned to take the fight to the Afumi court, and so, having subdued the enemy forces in Yamato—which is to say the Nara basin—Fukei marched out through Afusaka to Naniwa, and then marched on Yamazaki, where he set up camp.  From there, he sent messengers to all the governors of the Western Provinces.  He forced them to give up their keys, their posting-bells, and their posting tallies—basically he had them formally submit to the Yoshino faction, and thus to Ohoama. Meanwhile, Ohoama had his own campaign to conduct, and it kicked off in the middle of Fukei's defense of the Yamato Home Province.  He also would engage various generals in battle, but we'll save that campaign for Part Four. But before we go I do want to point out, once again: this wasn't a simple and straightforward matter of attack and defense.  Notice that generals on both sides sometimes were victorious and sometimes had to flee.  You can only imagine how, after the defeat at Narayama, General Fukei must have felt that all hope was lost, only to run into a force ten thousand strong come to relive him and his paltry troops.  But it could just as easily have been that he didn't make it.  In fact, how many warriors died?  Heroically, perhaps, but still died.  And if there were no descendants to carry on their name and remember their deeds, then who knows how many people just didn't get written about at all.  And then there are all of those common soldiers.  Individuals without any recorded name, but who nonetheless were there and who fought. They may not have been the people that later authors cared to write about, and yet they were all someone's child, and possibly their sibling or parent.  They loved and laughed, and certainly died.  All to determine who would sit next upon the Yamato throne.  One has to wonder if winning or losing really changed anything for them, or perhaps they won simply by surviving. And on that cheerful thought, I'll take my leave.  Until next time, thank you once again for listening and for all of your support. If you like what we are doing, please tell your friends and feel free to rate us wherever you listen to podcasts.  If you feel the need to do more, and want to help us keep this going, we have information about how you can donate on Patreon or through our KoFi site, ko-fi.com/sengokudaimyo, or find the links over at our main website,  SengokuDaimyo.com/Podcast, where we will have some more discussion on topics from this episode. Also, feel free to reach out to our Sengoku Daimyo Facebook page.  You can also email us at the.sengoku.daimyo@gmail.com.  Thank you, also, to Ellen for their work editing the podcast. And that's all for now.  Thank you again, and I'll see you next episode on Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  

En el regreso a casa, Fiora, Vinko y Nubo cruzan por la temida Franja Helada del Cielo. Frente al peligro, Fiora descubre que su magia no está en unas alas perdidas sino en el calor que nace de su corazón.

En esta nueva aventura, Fiora, Vinko y Nubo conocen a un inventor barbudo que promete ayudar al hada sin alas. Pero cuando la magia vuelve a brillar donde menos lo esperan, Fiora descubre que quizás no ha dejado de ser hada después de todo

Fiora, Vinko y Nubo llegan a la misteriosa Montaña del Silencio, donde una tortuga sabia les deja una pista en sueños. Siguiendo ese mensaje, los amigos viajan al Jardín de los Libros Vivientes, donde Fiora conoce a un nuevo personaje dispuesto a ayudarle a recuperas sus alas. 

When it comes to chasing big smallmouth in skinny water, few know the game like Duane Hada and Tadd Fore. This episode takes you deep into the art of summer fly fishing on clear, low-water Ozark streams. Whether you're an expert or novice this episode is packed with tactics, conservation talk, and some good old-fashioned Ozark storytelling (a lost phone rescue that rivals many fish tales). > ⁠⁠⁠Join our Patreon aka "The Holler"⁠⁠⁠ < Our Trusted partners for this episode: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Vortex Optics⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ - Industry-defining scopes, rangefinders, and binoculars ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Moultrie Mobile⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ - The MOST accessible cell trail cameras in the world ⁠⁠⁠⁠Diamond State Fly Co.⁠⁠⁠⁠ - The Region's premiere fly fishing shop ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Umarex Airguns⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ - The leader in Air Rifle technology ⁠⁠⁠⁠Big Pete's Taxidermy⁠⁠⁠⁠ - High-quality work with quick turnaround 00:00 – Ideal conditions for hunting smallmouth 11:45 – Tactics for fast water and ambush zones 22:10 – How to avoid spooking fish in shallow water 33:20 – Duane's gear setup 46:30 – Top 3 flies for summer smallmouth in the Ozarks 57:30 – The threat to Arkansas' smallmouth strains What is The Ozark Podcast? In the Ozarks, people have always lived in rhythm with the natural world. Hunting, fishing, and living off the land, aren't just things we do, it's who we are. And though our lives are inextricably linked to the land we live on, we've never been more disconnected from it. So join us, as we travel across the region to bring you the voices of the Ozarks to deepen your connection with the land, sharpen your skills in the outdoors, and help you learn what it means to be an Ozarker. Our hosts are ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Kyle Veit⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ and ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Kyle Plunkett⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ - and our producer is ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Daniel Matthews⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Theme music: 'American Millionaire' by ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠JD Clayton⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Catch up with us on Instagram and Facebook ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@theozarkpodcast⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ PLEASE reach out to us with any recommendations or inquiries: theozarkpodcast@gmail.com

Fiora, un hada alegre del Bosque de la Bruma Esmeralda, pierde sus alas durante una tormenta. Decidida a recuperarlas, emprende un viaje lleno de esperanza. En el camino conoce a Vinko y Nubo, dos jóvenes dragones que se unen a su aventura. Juntos descubrirán que, antes de recuperar lo perdido, a veces se encuentra algo aún más valioso: una verdadera amistad.

Denník Wall Street Journal publikoval zásadnú správu, podľa ktorej mnohé z najznámejších pozorovaní UFO v skutočnosti zámerne podporovala americká armáda, aby tak zakryla svoje vlastné tajné technologické projekty a zraniteľnosti. Na základe čoho toto podozrenie vzniklo, o aké konkrétne prípady ide a čo to znamená pre celkový fenomén UFO?V novom dieli podcastu SHARE sa Maroš Žofčin rozpráva s redaktorom Živé.sk a astrofyzikom Marekom Jurčíkom o zisteniach Wall Street Journal, o pozadí incidentov v oblasti 51 či na základni Malmstrom a o tom, či tieto odhalenia vyriešili záhadu UFO, alebo len odhalili jej ďalšiu vrstvu.Tip na čítanie na dovolenku: Pripravte sa na budúcnosť s knihou od redaktorov Živé.sk „Umelá inteligencia: Pripravte sa na budúcnosť“. Počas leta ju navyše môžete získať v 30 % zľave: TIP: https://zive.aktuality.sk/clanok/0RfdZVW/nahliadnite-do-buducnosti-vydavame-knihu-o-umelej-inteligencii/V podcaste hovoríme aj o týchto témach:Čo odhalil Wall Street Journal o UFO a dezinformačných kampaniach Pentagonu.Pravda o Area 51: Ako mýtus o UFO pomohol utajiť stíhačky F-117.Prečo UFO údajne vyplo jadrové rakety na základni Malmstrom.Fiktívni „muži v čiernom“: Ako armáda testovala lojalitu svojich dôstojníkov.Vysvetľujú tieto odhalenia celý fenomén UFO, alebo len jeho časť?Téme sa venujeme aj tu:https://zive.aktuality.sk/clanok/hcg9Ttd/pravda-o-ufo-pozorovania-vraj-boli-obrovskou-dezinfo-kampanou-usa/https://zive.aktuality.sk/clanok/3IRi7Ey/zatajuje-americka-vlada-fakty-byvali-americki-vojenski-dostojnici-svedcili-o-existencii-ufo/https://zive.aktuality.sk/clanok/W0LSrj8/konecne-pravda-o-ufo-pod-prisahou-o-nom-vypovedali-byvali-americki-dostojnici/https://zive.aktuality.sk/clanok/2e1wwNY/americky-pentagon-zverejnil-dlho-ocakavanu-spravu-o-ufo/Podcast SHARE pripravuje magazín Živé.sk.

Hacemos un recap del acontecido primer semestre de 2025 sobre los RIP de Negro Piñera y Papa Pancho, el drama eterno de Mago-Maite-Daniela, Gagachella y los nuevos flops de Katy Perry (qué bueno que termino con Orlando Bloom), la inminente boda de Jeff Bezos y Lauren Sánchez, memories del Festival de Viña, la consagración de Myriam Hernández, la gira maldita de Shakira que igual no le afecta, más funas para Karol Dance, intento de renacer de Tonka Tomicic, SIGNOS: hombres Cancer de Hollywood y mucho más!

.¿Te quieres anunciar en este y muchos otros podcasts? ¡Escríbenos a ventas@rss.com tenemos algo para tí!---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------El Pulso de La República. El InIn (Informativo Informal) que sale todos los LUNES y JUEVES a las 8 PM EN VIVO. SIEMPRE IMPARCIAL (hasta que decimos algo que no te gusta).SIGUENOS EN TWITTER:http://twitter.com/ChumelTorreshttp://twitter.com/Kaizzerhttp://twitter.com/iraamelnegrohttp://twitter.com/GaboEriveshttp://twitter.com/fayorafaelmxhttp://twitter.com/themebagDESCUBRE MÁS CONTENIDO CON ESTOS SUJETOS https://www.youtube.com/c/Cinerds CONTÁCTANOS: info@maquina501.mxNo olvides suscribirte al canal y darnos tus pulgares arriba. Somos El Pulso de La República y nos despedimos no sin antes decirles que… Los amamos, estupeds.

Kebaktian 1 Minggu II Sesudah PentakostaGKP Jemaat BandungMinggu, 22 Juni 2025 pukul 07.00 WIBTema : "Yesus Menolong Orang Yang Tersiksa"Bacaan Alkitab : Lukas 8:26-39Pelayan Firman : Pdt. Em. Hada Andriata, STh., DPS@GKP Bandung Juni 2025

Khotbah Kebaktian 2 Minggu II Sesudah PentakostaGKP Jemaat BandungMinggu, 22 Juni 2025 pukul 09.30 WIBTema : "Yesus Menolong Orang Yang Tersiksa"Bacaan Alkitab : Lukas 8:26-39Pelayan Firman : Pdt. Em. Hada Andriata, S.Th., DPS@GKP Bandung Juni 2025

“De casualidad, ¿te gusta Messi?”En este episodio de vuelta al pasado “REPLAY” hacemos review del kdrama [Weightlifting fairy Kim bok Joo] esta serie del 2016-17 que cuenta la historia de Kim Bok Joo, una joven y entusiasta atleta de halterofilia que se enfrenta por primera vez al enamoramiento y busca equilibrar su pasión con sus nuevos sentimientos, en compañía de su amigo de la infancia, un prodigioso nadador.Ya que está en tv abierta mexicana, es momento de recordar nuestra juventud y ver si esta historia nos gustaba o era muy cursi. ¡Acompáñanos al chisme chingu!*¡SPOILER ALERT! Este review es sin censura, aquí hablamos de todo desde el minuto uno chingu.*Síguenos en redes sociales:Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/entrechingusX: https://x.com/entre_chingusTiktok: https://www.tiktok.com/@entrechingus

Rebeka prezradila, čo zistila o Aničke, aký má názor na Karolínino zaľúbenie a prečo je sklamaná zo ženích Rasťa.

Ponořte se s námi do víru událostí Velké ceny Španělska 2025, která na okruhu v Barceloně nabídla drama, strategické zvraty a pořádnou dávku kontroverzí! Max Verstappen se po restartu závodu ocitl v centru chaosu – kvůli nečekané volbě tvrdých pneumatik, které Red Bull nasadil v zoufalé situaci, ztratil nejen kontrolu nad vozem, ale i klid. Jeho frustrace vyústila v kolizi s Georgem Russellem, penalizaci a pád na 10. místo, zatímco tým zpětně přiznal, že možná udělal chybu. Nová technická direktiva FIA, zaměřená na omezení flexibility předních křídel, měla narušit výhodu týmů jako McLaren a Mercedes, ale splnila očekávání, nebo byla, jak kritizoval Lewis Hamilton, jen „plýtváním peněz“? Lance Stroll kvůli bolestem ruky po starém zranění závod vynechal, ale spekulace o jeho údajném vzteklém výstupu v garáži a rozbitém vybavení po kvalifikaci přidávají na jeho absenci otazníky – co se v Aston Martinu skutečně děje? A jak Pirelli plánuje proměnit budoucí závody? S experimenty jako „přeskakování“ směsí pneumatik a potenciálním nasazením ultra-měkké směsi C6 chce donutit týmy k více zastávkám a větší strategické rozmanitosti, aby se vyhnuly nudným jednozastávkovým strategiím. Připojte se k nám, probereme klíčové momenty, analyzujeme taktiky a poodhalíme zákulisní příběhy, které udělaly z tohoto závodního víkendu nezapomenutelnou podívanou plnou emocí a nečekaných zvratů! Vyšlo den po velké ceně na HeroHero.co/KOLOnaKOLO

Juan Guerra Cáceres fue un autor peruano reconocido por sus obras de autoayuda, espiritualidad y literatura reflexiva. Su legado literario se caracteriza por promover valores como el amor, la paz, la sabiduría y la superación personal.Falleció en diciembre de 2001, poco antes de la publicación de su libro El camino del éxito.A lo largo de su carrera, Guerra Cáceres publicó numerosos libros que han sido valorados por su enfoque positivo y humanista. Algunas de sus obras más conocidas incluyen: 150 cuentos para ser feliz: Una colección de cuentos breves diseñados para inspirar y fomentar la felicidad personal. La alegría de compartir: Obra que resalta la importancia de compartir y la generosidad como caminos hacia una vida plena. Fábulas del duende sabio: Relatos que combinan sabiduría y fantasía para transmitir enseñanzas valiosas. Fabulas y cuentos del Hada de las Nieves: Un viaje mágico y encantador a través de la mitología de hadas y duendes, recomendado para todas las edades .

Juan Guerra Cáceres fue un autor peruano reconocido por sus obras de autoayuda, espiritualidad y literatura reflexiva. Su legado literario se caracteriza por promover valores como el amor, la paz, la sabiduría y la superación personal. Falleció en diciembre de 2001, poco antes de la publicación de su libro El camino del éxito.A lo largo de su carrera, Guerra Cáceres publicó numerosos libros que han sido valorados por su enfoque positivo y humanista. Algunas de sus obras más conocidas incluyen: 150 cuentos para ser feliz: Una colección de cuentos breves diseñados para inspirar y fomentar la felicidad personal. La alegría de compartir: Obra que resalta la importancia de compartir y la generosidad como caminos hacia una vida plena. Fábulas del duende sabio: Relatos que combinan sabiduría y fantasía para transmitir enseñanzas valiosas. Fabulas y cuentos del Hada de las Nieves: Un viaje mágico y encantador a través de la mitología de hadas y duendes, recomendado para todas las edades .

Consentimiento y (no solo) romance, con Kaede Abrimos la Trastienda de Shadowlands para recibir a Izumi Kaede, autora del sistema de Dama de Corazones, para reflexionar sobre el consentimiento y la complicidad, herramientas utilisimas para introducir romance en tus partidas sin decepciones ni malas experiencias. Y que no solo se aplican al romance: la mejor forma de desarrollar cualquier tipo de relación con otro PJ o PNJ es hablarlo primero. En este podcast hablamos de: — Dama de Corazones, recopilatorio de autoras españolas con aventuras centradas en el romance, el drama y las relaciones humanas. — Carne de Hada, partida de Sirio Sesenra con una interesante subtrama romántica.— Trastienda sobre romance con Hiromi. — Level Up con Key: jugadores y motivaciones. — Programa sobre agendas ocultas, con Dani Solsona. Music from #Uppbeat: The horseman by nigth drift License code: XGUNKD5PG9ROKUS6 Music from #Uppbeat (free for Creators!): Lets good times roll by RALicense code: YUHJBIKTMVWNODBV

Otazníky nad bitcoinovou aférou ministerstva spravedlnosti. Jak se ze tří miliard stane dvanáct a nikdo si toho nevšimne? Jak se část bitcoinů dostala na tržiště v Číně a na Seychelách? A proč vůbec k tomu všemu došlo? Téma pro novináře Petra Lukáče, autora podcastu KryptoSpace. Ptá se Matěj Skalický.

Otazníky nad bitcoinovou aférou ministerstva spravedlnosti. Jak se ze tří miliard stane dvanáct a nikdo si toho nevšimne? Jak se část bitcoinů dostala na tržiště v Číně a na Seychelách? A proč vůbec k tomu všemu došlo? Téma pro novináře Petra Lukáče, autora podcastu KryptoSpace. Ptá se Matěj Skalický.Všechny díly podcastu Vinohradská 12 můžete pohodlně poslouchat v mobilní aplikaci mujRozhlas pro Android a iOS nebo na webu mujRozhlas.cz.

Otazníky nad bitcoinovou aférou ministerstva spravedlnosti. Jak se ze tří miliard stane dvanáct a nikdo si toho nevšimne? Jak se část bitcoinů dostala na tržiště v Číně a na Seychelách? A proč vůbec k tomu všemu došlo? Téma pro novináře Petra Lukáče, autora podcastu KryptoSpace. Ptá se Matěj Skalický.

he Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil, set within the midst of the garden of Eden, is a longstanding enigma. What does it represent? How best to translate the Hebrew? What was gained and/or lost when the primal couple took of its fruit? Tune in as we speak with Nathan French about his book, A Theocentric Interpretation of HaDa'at Tov VeRa: The Knowledge of Good and Evil as the Knowledge for Administering Reward and Punishment. Nathan S. French teaches Biblical Studies and Theology at Colorado Christian University and Oral Roberts University. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

he Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil, set within the midst of the garden of Eden, is a longstanding enigma. What does it represent? How best to translate the Hebrew? What was gained and/or lost when the primal couple took of its fruit? Tune in as we speak with Nathan French about his book, A Theocentric Interpretation of HaDa'at Tov VeRa: The Knowledge of Good and Evil as the Knowledge for Administering Reward and Punishment. Nathan S. French teaches Biblical Studies and Theology at Colorado Christian University and Oral Roberts University. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/biblical-studies

Druhá epizóda podcastu Z tribúny priamo zo Štokholmu prináša ešte hlbší ponor do zákulisia MS v hokeji 2025. Naši redaktori sa tentoraz zamerali na porovnanie s minuloročnou Prahou a Ostravou, ktorá podľa nich „rozmaznala” novinárov kvalitou servisu, a odhaľujú, prečo Švédsko v mnohých aspektoch organizácie zaostáva.„Požičaný” politický redaktor, ktorý je na šampionáte prvýkrát, sa podelil o svoje dojmy z rozhovorov so slovenskými hokejistami po bolestivej prehre s Rakúskom. Vysvetlil, v čom sa líši emocionálna dynamika rozhovorov s rozrušeným športovcom od konfrontácie s politikom.Podcast odhaľuje aj bizarné detaily z novinárskej práce - od fotografovania zápasov s minimom streleckých pokusov až po problém so špinavými plexisklami, ktorý sa stal témou medzinárodnej debaty novinárov. Porovnáva atmosféru v aréne s predchádzajúcimi turnajmi a vysvetľuje, prečo Lotyši aktuálne vytvárajú najlepšiu atmosféru zo všetkých fanúšikov.Neprehliadnuteľnou a tradičnou súčasťou slovenských hokejových majstrovstiev sú vlajky s názvami neznámych dedín. Redaktori sa okrem iného zamysleli, prečo sa na tribúnach takmer neobjavujú veľké mestá ako Bratislava alebo Košice, a priniesli svoju teóriu o tom, že niektoré z týchto dedín možno ani neexistujú.Čo sa v podcaste dozviete?ako vyzerá rozhovor s hokejistom po prehre a prečo je iný, než konfrontácia s politikomčo robí fotograf, keď sa Slovensko 10 minút nedostane k strele na bránkuprečo Bob a Bobek boli lepší maskoti, než ten súčasnýčo spôsobuje slabšiu atmosféru v Štokholme a prečo sú Lotyši najlepší fanúšikoviakde je „Brighton” a prečo sa na vlajkách objavujú malé dediny namiesto veľkých miestkoľko stojí keksík a voda v press centre a prečo fotograf ŠPORT.sk spomína na české trubičkyVypočujte si celý podcast a nahliadnite s nami do zákulisia MS v hokeji 2025.

Druhá epizóda podcastu Z tribúny priamo zo Štokholmu prináša ešte hlbší ponor do zákulisia MS v hokeji 2025. Naši redaktori sa tentoraz zamerali na porovnanie s minuloročnou Prahou a Ostravou, ktorá podľa nich „rozmaznala” novinárov kvalitou servisu, a odhaľujú, prečo Švédsko v mnohých aspektoch organizácie zaostáva.„Požičaný” politický redaktor, ktorý je na šampionáte prvýkrát, sa podelil o svoje dojmy z rozhovorov so slovenskými hokejistami po bolestivej prehre s Rakúskom. Vysvetlil, v čom sa líši emocionálna dynamika rozhovorov s rozrušeným športovcom od konfrontácie s politikom.Podcast odhaľuje aj bizarné detaily z novinárskej práce - od fotografovania zápasov s minimom streleckých pokusov až po problém so špinavými plexisklami, ktorý sa stal témou medzinárodnej debaty novinárov. Porovnáva atmosféru v aréne s predchádzajúcimi turnajmi a vysvetľuje, prečo Lotyši aktuálne vytvárajú najlepšiu atmosféru zo všetkých fanúšikov.Neprehliadnuteľnou a tradičnou súčasťou slovenských hokejových majstrovstiev sú vlajky s názvami neznámych dedín. Redaktori sa okrem iného zamysleli, prečo sa na tribúnach takmer neobjavujú veľké mestá ako Bratislava alebo Košice, a priniesli svoju teóriu o tom, že niektoré z týchto dedín možno ani neexistujú.Čo sa v podcaste dozviete?ako vyzerá rozhovor s hokejistom po prehre a prečo je iný, než konfrontácia s politikomčo robí fotograf, keď sa Slovensko 10 minút nedostane k strele na bránkuprečo Bob a Bobek boli lepší maskoti, než ten súčasnýčo spôsobuje slabšiu atmosféru v Štokholme a prečo sú Lotyši najlepší fanúšikoviakde je „Brighton” a prečo sa na vlajkách objavujú malé dediny namiesto veľkých miestkoľko stojí keksík a voda v press centre a prečo fotograf ŠPORT.sk spomína na české trubičkyVypočujte si celý podcast a nahliadnite s nami do zákulisia MS v hokeji 2025.

The agricultural industry has long been at the forefront of technological innovation, continuously seeking ways to enhance productivity, efficiency, and sustainability. A significant development in this realm is the emergence of autonomous robots specifically designed for pesticide application in orchards. Jongwoo Ha from Hada explores the design, functionality, and potential impact of these robots across the world.The Need for Automation in AgricultureAgriculture remains one of the most labor-intensive sectors, often requiring repetitive tasks that can be physically demanding and time-consuming. Pesticide application is a prime example of such a task. Traditionally, farmers have relied on manual labor or machinery that requires human operation, exposing workers to health risks associated with chemical exposure. The need for a safer, more efficient solution is evident, and this is where autonomous robots come into play.Design and Functionality of the Autonomous Pesticide Spraying RobotThe autonomous pesticide spraying robot developed by Hada is designed specifically for use in orchards, targeting crops such as apples and oranges. Its design is both practical and innovative, resembling a small car in size, which allows it to navigate orchard rows effectively. The robot features a trunk-like structure equipped with spring nozzles that extend outward, mimicking the branches of a tree. This design enables the robot to spray pesticides at various heights, accommodating trees that can grow up to three meters tall, with the capability to reach up to five meters to account for wind dispersion.One of the standout features of Hada's robot is its ability to pivot the nozzles, allowing for precise application depending on the height of the trees. This adaptability not only enhances the effectiveness of pesticide delivery but also minimizes waste and environmental impact. The robot operates autonomously, utilizing advanced sensors and navigation systems to traverse the orchard without human intervention, thus reducing labor costs and mitigating health risks for workers.Production and Market PotentialAfter three years of development, Hada plans to launch the autonomous pesticide spraying robot by mid-2025. While the initial focus is on the Asian market, the company has expressed a willingness to explore opportunities globally. During the CES event, the team recognized the potential for their technology in regions like Africa, where the demand for autonomous agricultural solutions is growing. The signing of a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with a partner from Togo highlights the company's commitment to expanding its reach and impact.The Broader Implications of Autonomous Agricultural RobotsHada's introduction of autonomous robots for pesticide application represents a significant shift in agricultural practices. By automating the spraying process, these robots not only improve efficiency but also address critical issues such as worker safety and environmental sustainability. The ability to apply pesticides precisely reduces chemical runoff and minimizes the ecological footprint of farming practices.Moreover, the potential for global distribution of these robots opens up new avenues for agricultural innovation in developing regions. As the company noted, autonomous agricultural robots do not recognize geographical boundaries; they can be adapted to various agricultural environments, making them a versatile solution for farmers worldwide.Conclusion: Automating Part of the Agricultural ProcessHada's development of autonomous robots for orchard pesticide application is a promising advancement in the agricultural sector. By addressing the challenges of labor-intensive pesticide application, these robots offer a safer, more efficient alternative that benefits both farmers and the environment. As the technology continues to evolve and expand into new markets, it holds the potential to revolutionize agricultural practices, ensuring a more sustainable future for food production globally. The journey of these robots, from conception to market launch, underscores the importance of innovation in tackling the pressing issues faced by modern agriculture.Interview by Scott Ertz of F5 Live: Refreshing Technology.Sponsored by: Get $5 to protect your credit card information online with Privacy. Amazon Prime gives you more than just free shipping. Get free music, TV shows, movies, videogames and more. The most flexible tools for podcasting. Get a 30 day free trial of storage and statistics.

The agricultural industry has long been at the forefront of technological innovation, continuously seeking ways to enhance productivity, efficiency, and sustainability. A significant development in this realm is the emergence of autonomous robots specifically designed for pesticide application in orchards. Jongwoo Ha from Hada explores the design, functionality, and potential impact of these robots across the world.The Need for Automation in AgricultureAgriculture remains one of the most labor-intensive sectors, often requiring repetitive tasks that can be physically demanding and time-consuming. Pesticide application is a prime example of such a task. Traditionally, farmers have relied on manual labor or machinery that requires human operation, exposing workers to health risks associated with chemical exposure. The need for a safer, more efficient solution is evident, and this is where autonomous robots come into play.Design and Functionality of the Autonomous Pesticide Spraying RobotThe autonomous pesticide spraying robot developed by Hada is designed specifically for use in orchards, targeting crops such as apples and oranges. Its design is both practical and innovative, resembling a small car in size, which allows it to navigate orchard rows effectively. The robot features a trunk-like structure equipped with spring nozzles that extend outward, mimicking the branches of a tree. This design enables the robot to spray pesticides at various heights, accommodating trees that can grow up to three meters tall, with the capability to reach up to five meters to account for wind dispersion.One of the standout features of Hada's robot is its ability to pivot the nozzles, allowing for precise application depending on the height of the trees. This adaptability not only enhances the effectiveness of pesticide delivery but also minimizes waste and environmental impact. The robot operates autonomously, utilizing advanced sensors and navigation systems to traverse the orchard without human intervention, thus reducing labor costs and mitigating health risks for workers.Production and Market PotentialAfter three years of development, Hada plans to launch the autonomous pesticide spraying robot by mid-2025. While the initial focus is on the Asian market, the company has expressed a willingness to explore opportunities globally. During the CES event, the team recognized the potential for their technology in regions like Africa, where the demand for autonomous agricultural solutions is growing. The signing of a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with a partner from Togo highlights the company's commitment to expanding its reach and impact.The Broader Implications of Autonomous Agricultural RobotsHada's introduction of autonomous robots for pesticide application represents a significant shift in agricultural practices. By automating the spraying process, these robots not only improve efficiency but also address critical issues such as worker safety and environmental sustainability. The ability to apply pesticides precisely reduces chemical runoff and minimizes the ecological footprint of farming practices.Moreover, the potential for global distribution of these robots opens up new avenues for agricultural innovation in developing regions. As the company noted, autonomous agricultural robots do not recognize geographical boundaries; they can be adapted to various agricultural environments, making them a versatile solution for farmers worldwide.Conclusion: Automating Part of the Agricultural ProcessHada's development of autonomous robots for orchard pesticide application is a promising advancement in the agricultural sector. By addressing the challenges of labor-intensive pesticide application, these robots offer a safer, more efficient alternative that benefits both farmers and the environment. As the technology continues to evolve and expand into new markets, it holds the potential to revolutionize agricultural practices, ensuring a more sustainable future for food production globally. The journey of these robots, from conception to market launch, underscores the importance of innovation in tackling the pressing issues faced by modern agriculture.Interview by Scott Ertz of F5 Live: Refreshing Technology.Sponsored by: Get $5 to protect your credit card information online with Privacy. Amazon Prime gives you more than just free shipping. Get free music, TV shows, movies, videogames and more. The most flexible tools for podcasting. Get a 30 day free trial of storage and statistics.

Luxury car enthusiasts, mark your calendars! We're joined by RoShelle Salinas to reveal an exciting pop-up luxury ride and drive event happening May 9-10 at The Revere venue near Old Katy Road and 610. This last-minute addition to Houston's automotive calendar addresses a gap many noticed during January's Houston Auto Show - the absence of certain high-end brands that many were eager to experience.The collaborative event brings together luxury and electric vehicles that are currently on the market, all in one convenient location without the typical dealership pressure. Imagine test driving a Maserati, then hopping into the new Lucid Gravity, followed by experiencing Porsche's electric lineup with the Macan EV and Taycan - all within a single morning. Mercedes-Benz is bringing  the EQS sedan, GLE plug-in hybrid, and will have the electric G-Wagon and a Maybach on display.What makes this event particularly special is its accessibility. At just $8 per ticket, anyone 18+ with a valid driver's license and proof of insurance can participate in these luxury test drives. The Revere's location offers the setting for meaningful test drives, with routes specifically mapped for 6-10 minute experiences on low-traffic roads. Whether you're actively shopping for your next luxury vehicle or simply want the thrill of experiencing these automotive masterpieces, this pop-up event  is for any automotive enthusiasts.Don't miss this rare opportunity to compare multiple luxury brands side-by-side in a relaxed environment. The event runs 10am-2pm on both Friday and Saturday, with tickets available online or at the venue. Visit HoustonAutoShow.com today to secure your spot and prepare for an unforgettable luxury driving experience!Be sure to subscribe for more In Wheel Time Car Talk!The Lupe' Tortilla RestaurantsLupe Tortilla in Katy, Texas Gulf Coast Auto ShieldPaint protection, tint, and more!Disclaimer: This post contains affiliate links. If you make a purchase, I may receive a commission at no extra cost to you.---- ----- Want more In Wheel Time car talk any time? In Wheel Time is now available on Audacy! Just go to Audacy.com/InWheelTime where ever you are.----- -----Be sure to subscribe on your favorite podcast provider for the next episode of In Wheel Time Podcast and check out our live multiplatform broadcast every Saturday, 10a - 12noonCT simulcasting on Audacy, YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, Twitch and InWheelTime.com.In Wheel Time Podcast can be heard on you mobile device from providers such as:Apple Podcasts, Amazon Music Podcast, Spotify, SiriusXM Podcast, iHeartRadio podcast, TuneIn + Alexa, Podcast Addict, Castro, Castbox, YouTube Podcast and more on your mobile device.Follow InWheelTime.com for the latest updates!Twitter: https://twitter.com/InWheelTimeInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/inwheeltime/https://www.youtube.com/inwheeltimehttps://www.Facebook.com/InWheelTimeFor more information about In Wheel Time Car Talk, email us at info@inwheeltime.comTags: In Wheel Time, automotive car talk show, car talk, Live car talk show, In Wheel Time Car Talk

Hoy vamos a poner en duda su escepticismo, ese al que sé muchos se abrazan como un recurso, como una herramienta para no tener miedo. Es más fácil escuchar historias de brujas, de demonios, de entes macabros y hasta de hadas… cuando queremos convencernos de que no pueden hacernos daño porque no existen. La intención de Relatos de la Noche no es demostrarles lo contrario, ni sembrar ese miedo en ustedes, por supuesto… sólo voy a recordarles que muchos de los protagonistas de estos episodios, comienzan así, sin creer en la existencia de lo sobrenatural. Compra mi libro aquí: https://www.amazon.com.mx/Relatos-noche-Uriel-Reyes/dp/6073836201/ También está en la librería más cerca de ti o en tu preferida para comprar en línea. Síguenos en instagram: https://www.instagram.com/RDLNoficial/ Comparte tu relato en: mirelatodelanoche@gmail.com Contacto comercial: ventas@sonoromedia.com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Hoy vamos a poner en duda su escepticismo, ese al que sé muchos se abrazan como un recurso, como una herramienta para no tener miedo. Es más fácil escuchar historias de brujas, de demonios, de entes macabros y hasta de hadas… cuando queremos convencernos de que no pueden hacernos daño porque no existen. La intención de Relatos de la Noche no es demostrarles lo contrario, ni sembrar ese miedo en ustedes, por supuesto… sólo voy a recordarles que muchos de los protagonistas de estos episodios, comienzan así, sin creer en la existencia de lo sobrenatural. Compra mi libro aquí: https://www.amazon.com.mx/Relatos-noche-Uriel-Reyes/dp/6073836201/ También está en la librería más cerca de ti o en tu preferida para comprar en línea. Síguenos en instagram: https://www.instagram.com/RDLNoficial/ Comparte tu relato en: mirelatodelanoche@gmail.com Contacto comercial: ventas@sonoromedia.com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoicesSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Bienvenido a ésta oscura Fogata de Historias de Pactos Oscuros, Brujería Infernal y Espectros Siniestros en  @HABLEMOSDELOQUENOEXISTE  El día de hoy les traigo historias que ustedes querida Familia Nocturna me compartieron y que por un instante me helaron la sangre.Algo persigue a Homero; escucha historias de mala suerte, de enamoramientos frustrados y presentimientos de mu3rt3 . Descubre qué oculta la bruja Hada y los secretos de la familia de Nohemí. Conoce rituales de protección , portales infernales y seres absolutamente malvados que serán protagonistas en tus dulces pesadillas, asi que prepárate porque llegó el momento de que  @HABLEMOSDELOQUENOEXISTE HABLEMOS DE LO QUE NO EXISTE es un canal de youtube con el formato podcast que comenzó en abril del 2022, su primer episodio fue "vivo en un casa embrujada" en el que una chica narró sus vivencias y sucesos paranormales a lo largo de 20 años en la casa de sus padres, desde ese episodio hablemos de lo que no existe ha marcado una tendencia en exponer casos paranormales de personas comunes que viven en diferentes partes del mundo. Ice Murdock es el conductor o host de éste canal, durante casi 100 episodios no apareció, nadie conoció su rostro y la comunidad de éste canal , la familia nocturna , creó teorías acerca de quién era el dueño de esa voz. Hablemos de lo que no existe se destaca por tener apertura ante las opiniones experiencias y vivencias de cada uno de los invitados. La comunidad de éste canal es conocida como la familia nocturna, de hecho por estar leyendo o escuchando ésto, tu ya eres miembro de la familia nocturna.. bienvenido. El duelo de historias es un concepto que se creó en el canal @Hablemosdeloquenoexiste, idea original del narrador, se estrenó en el episodio "Comité de la Muerte ,historias de Hospitales" el 1 de junio de 2023 y empezó a implementarse formalmente en el episodio "Abrí la puerta a un Demonio" el 11 de Enero de 2024 ; consiste en un duelo entre Narradores, una dinámica sencilla, donde cada uno cuenta una historia y busca superar a la anterior y al final la familia nocturna nos comparte en comentarios cual fue la historia más aterradora.El Narrador y todo el equipo de Hablemos de lo que no existe trabajamos para darles a ustedes querida Familia nocturna contenido original y de calidad, tardamos a veces semanas ideando formatos luego de tomar en cuenta las cosas que nos han pedido a lo largo de la temporada anterior y por eso el día 23 de Septiembre de 2024 comenzamos una nueva temporada que llamamos FOGATA DE HISTORIAS, en donde el narrador prepara una serie de historias escalofriantes una tras otra para retar al espectador a terminar el episodio por el nivel de miedo que genera. En este canal se relatan historias de terror paranormales, sobrenaturales y reales, prepárate para conocer el miedo de una forma en la que nunca lo habías experimentado.

En el episodio de esta semana, Mariana le cuenta a Sara sobre el secuestro de Anna Saito, y Sara le cuenta a Mariana sobre el asesinato de Warren Barnes.¿Te gustó el episodio? Invítanos un café: https://ko-fi.com/nosalgasdecasapodcastSupport the show

This episode is a bit long--we are talking about the last elements of the reign of Takara Hime, the fall of Baekje, and the attempt to restore the kingdom, which culminated in the Battle of Hakusukinoe, aka the Battle of Baekgang.  For more, check out our blog at https://sengokudaimyo.com/podcast/episode-124 Rough Transcript Welcome to Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  My name is Joshua and this is Episode 124:  The Battle of Haku-suki-no-e. Echi no Takutsu looked out from where he stood on the deck of his ship.  The horizon seemed to bob up and down, but he knew that was just an illusion caused by the waves.  And upon those waves, hundreds of Yamato ships floated, ready to do battle.  As a veteran of this and other wars, Takutsu was used to surveying flotillas of ships, and yet, none of his years of experience had quite had this kind of impact upon him.  Yamato's ally, Baekje, had fallen in battle to the combined might of the Tang and Silla forces, and now they were assisting a band of rebels who were trying to once again restore their kingdom.  Silla was, of course, an all too common adversary for the Yamato court, but the Tang: now that was another matter. The Tang dynasty had only grown in the four and a half decades since it was founded.  They had destroyed their enemies and continued to expand.  They had defeated the Gokturks and expanded into the heart of Eurasia. Even in cases like Goguryeo, who had so far managed to hold out against their attacks, it was clear that they had an effect.  The Tang dynasty was the superpower of its day, and for whatever airs Yamato may have put on, they were still a backwater in comparison. And yet, on this day, that backwater seemed, by all rights, to have the upper hand.  In response to the destruction of Baekje, Yamato had marshalled all of their forces.  Their boats greatly outnumbered those of their opponents, and if they could defeat the Tang navy, then they could make landfall and connect with the remaining Baekje forces attempting to restore their kingdom.  And so here they were, at the mouth of the Baengma River, also known as the Baekgang, or, in Japanese, the Haku-suki-no-e.  The Tang forces were bottled up, and the greater Yamato forces seemed poised to take them out.   The only problem was that the river mouth narrowed quickly, so that only a few ships could attack at any given time.  Still, with overwhelming numbers, Echi no Takutsu and his fellow soldiers expected that they would still be able to overcome their enemies and place their allies back in control of their territory. With confidence in their victory, the Yamato ships sailed forward, prepared to crush their enemies, and restore Baekje…   Greetings, everyone, and welcome back.  As you may have figured out we are still in the later half of the 7th century.  During the last episode we talked about the embassy to the Tang dynasty court that got delayed—placed under house arrest for a year—because the Tang dynasty was conducting their special military operations over on the Korean peninsula.  That was in the year 660.  Specifically, the Tang were working in conjunction with Silla to destroy the Kingdom of Baekje, and they even returned to the Tang capital with prisoners, including the royal family and many high-ranking nobles.  That they didn't want the ambassadors leaving, and presumably informing Baekje on their way back, would seem to speak to the strong ties between Baekje and Yamato.  After all, several times in the Nihon Shoki we have seen where the Baekje royal line was endangered and a prince that had been living at the Yamato court was brought across the strait with Yamato support to place them back on the throne. This episode, we are going to look a little closer at what happened on the peninsula and what happened when news of the event reached the Yamato court.  This would culminate in one of the most famous naval battles in east Asia—certainly one of the most famous in Japanese history.  It is recorded in records from various sides, so unlike many of the raids on Silla, and other conflicts on the peninsula, we have multiple accounts documenting it, and if the Japanese account is to be believed than it may have been among the largest naval conflicts in the world at that time. So let me take you through what the Chronicles have to say up until the battle and then we can talk about what happened and a little bit about what it would mean for Yamato in the years to come. We'll start a bit before the conflict, while Baekje was still going strong.  The Chronicles are filled with portents and omens, and of course, they already knew what had happened.  Still, let's talk about some of what they mentioned leading up to the battle, as well as some of the remaining accounts demonstrating the cross-strait exchanges. We'll start in 655, the year after Takara Hime had assumed the throne, being given the name Saimei Tennou by the Chroniclers.  On the first day of the 5th month we are told that a “man of Tang” was seen riding a dragon in the sky.  He is described as wearing a broad hat of blue—or green—oiled cloth.  He rode fast from the peak of Mt. Katsuraki and disappeared on Mt. Ikoma.  At noon he galloped over the pines of Sumiyoshi and disappeared into the west. This is obviously a fantastical story, but let's talk about what we can.  It is hard not to see in this some of the importance that the Tang dynasty would play in this reign, especially given the fact that this occurred in the first year after Takara hime had ascended the throne.  It would seem to have been meant here as an omen.  I have not seen specific comments about this, though I'm sure someone has looked into it.  But for me, I am struck by the fact this person was, first and foremost, identifiable as Tang, likely meaning because of his clothing.  And he was riding a dragon.  Dragons were known in Japan, but not quite as popular in folklore as they are shown to be on the mainland.  The Dragon was the imperial symbol of the Tang and other dynasties.  Japan had its own stories of dragon kings and other such things, but in this case I can't imagine that the connection with the imperial throne would be ignored. The hat is also interesting.  The color is listed as “blue” though Aston translates this as “green”.  The term “aoi” was used for any color on the spectrum from blue to green.  In fact, it is still the case that the “green” light on a Japanese traffic signal is still referred to as “blue”.  There were more specific colors, but the word “midori” would have been more like a specific word, like “teal”, “cerulean”, or “aquamarine”, rather than a core color like we would use blue, yellow, or, in this case, green.  The fact that it was made of oiled stuff suggests to me that it was waterproofed.  It is noted specifically with the character for “kasa”, which typically refers to a wide brimmed hat used to keep the rain off. I suspect that in this case it was the kind of hat that we often see on Tang dynasty figurines of riders.  They often have a tall, wide-brimmed hat, often with drape of sheer fabric around the edge.  This kind of hat would eventually be popular in Japan amongst traveling noblewomen, as it helped keep them out of the sun and away from the bugs and, well, it also acted as a barrier between the them and the rest of the world.  The versions seen on the Tang figurines are usually somewhat short, probably just enough to obscure the face, and may have helped to cut down on glare.  These often aren't obviously oiled, but that certainly could have been the case, and that may have been another method of protecting travelers from anything that nature could throw at them. It does seem a very particular image. The course of the rider is somewhat interesting.  From Katsuraki, on the southwestern edge of the Nara basin, north to Mt. Ikoma.  Then west to Sumiyoshi and off to the far west—in other words, back to the Tang dynasty.  Sumiyoshi is also of particular interest. The pines of Sumiyoshi are a particular poetic trope, or utamakura.  They help to conjure famous imagery of a place, and so it is hardly surprising that they would be found in this context.  In this case I suspect that is the main reason they are mentioned.  However, Sumiyoshi also has its own importance.  Sumiyoshi was once on the seashore, and Sumiyoshi was a common shrine for travelers to pray at for safe travels.  In fact, there are Sumiyoshi shrines across the archipelago that all are tied back to the Sumiyoshi in the modern Ohosaka area, and they often found near the shore as places where travelers could pray for safe passage before they headed off on the sea. And so it would make sense that the rider would head off over Sumiyoshi and to the west, much as the various ambassadors would travel off to the west. There may be more to it, but I suspect that this was either referencing the growing links between Yamato and the Tang, or perhaps simply referring to the various kentoushi—the ambassadors who crossed the seas to the Tang court and brought back so much to the archipelago. The next obvious omen seems to come in 657.  In this case it was a white fox seen in the land of Iwami.  It was mentioned in the same record as when ambassadors Adzumi no Tsuratari and Tsu no Kutsuma came back from the Western Seas via Baekje.  It isn't clear that the two are connected, though.  Perhaps there is something I'm missing.  It is notable that this seems to be the only mention of Iwami that I could find, at least doing a quick search for the characters in the electronic version of the text.  Iwami is the land to the west of Izumo, on the western end of modern Shimane prefecture, and the western end of the San'in-do, along the northern edge of western Honshu.  It is a mountainous region on the edge of the Japan Sea, the Nihonkai. We've talked about many of the other accounts after that, until the following year, 658.  We have a note about a south-pointing chariot, which we'll discuss in a later episode, but that was clearly another connection to continental technologies.  After that we have an account from Izumo.  Huge numbers of dead fish were washing ashore, up to three feet, or roughly a meter, deep.  The fish were apparently the size of a pufferfish, with beaks like a sparrow and thorny scales, several inches long.  I wonder if, by the description, they could be referring to triggerfish or parrotfish, which are found in the Japan Sea.  Fish kills, or mass die-offs, are unfortunate events that occasionally happen for a variety of reasons.  The most common is actually asphyxiation—algae blooms or other such events that eat up the oxygen, causing fish to die off in an area.  Fish kills might also happen because of disease, undersea quakes, and other factors.  Of course, to anyone in Izumo, this would have been a terribly random event.  I can't tell whether or not it was an omen, but it certainly could have been.  If so, I doubt it would have been a very good one. The strange fish that were brought up were called “sparrow fish” by the locals.  They believed they were sparrows that had gone to the ocean and turned into fish. Immediately after that, in the Chronicle, we get a somewhat odd entry in that it seems out of place.  We are told that Baekje had sent to Japan requesting aid.  Tang and Silla had teamed up and captured King Wicha, his queen, and the heir to the throne.  It is probably notable that this is written as “one book says”.  Also, recall that dates were still somewhat problematic at this time.  They were based on the regnal years of the monarch or the dates according to the sexagesimal cycle, either of which could have been off, particularly at this time, in different sources.  I suspect that the fact that they mention it as “one book says” indicates that even the compilers of the Nihon Shoki weren't quite sure that this was in the right spot, but it was an account of what did eventually happen—just not until two years later.  This position is bolstered by the fact that the next account talks about how Azumi no Muarji no Tsuratari had returned from what was apparently another trip to the Western Seas and Baekje, just a year after the previous.  Again, this could be the same expedition, with accounts misplacing the dates, or with dates according to when he left and others when he arrived back.  Still, it brings us yet another omen. Apparently, around this point, Baekje had been successful against Silla.  This is a good reminder that Baekje was not exactly an innocent bystander in everything that had happened.  King Wicha was rather famous in his own day, seen as a paragon of courage, largely because he was taking the fight to Silla, often allying with Goguryeo to block Silla from their access to the Tang and others.  Silla, who had been adopting Tang culture and style, and even claimed some distant descent from ethnic Han immigrants during the time of the Han commandries on the peninsula, were still able to forge close ties with the Tang, who seemed to preference them over Baekje and Goguryeo.  This may have been part of the general diplomatic game of the Middle Kingdom going back to the Han times, where they would often look to ally with those states beyond the immediate border states, so that those on their immediate border would have to defend themselves on two fronts.  This was likely more aimed at Goguryeo than Baekje, at least initially, but the alliance meant that Baekje, whom the Tang regularly chastised for their actions against Silla, was also in the crosshairs. However, up through 658, it seems Baekje's actions were largely successful.  Both the Baekje and Silla annals mention attacks by Baekje against the country of Silla in the following year, which otherwise correlate with the record in the Nihon Shoki.  Here we should remember that the author of the Samguk Sagi, which preserved these records, was writing centuries later, and had a clear pro-Silla bias.  There are several years missing from the Baekje annals at this time, but the idea that Baekje was attacking Silla is hardly controversial.  In the Silla Annals, in 659,  we also get word that Silla sent envoys to the Tang court protesting Baekje's aggression and asking the Tang court for aid.  Aid that would soon come, unbeknownst to others—even Silla wasn't quite sure until they showed up. And this is likely why the Nihon Shoki records a strange incident in Baekje, where a horse, of its own accord, started circling the Golden Hall of a Buddhist temple in the Baekje capital, continuing day and night, and stopping only to graze.  In some regions, walking around a sacred temple or stupa was considered a particular form of prayer, and perhaps the horse knew something and was trying to make merit.  In the text we are told explicitly what this meant:  the downfall of Baekje was nigh, and it would fall in the coming year, 660.  In a similar fashion, the Baekje annals, and the Samguk Yusa, likely pulling from the same sources, go through a series of omens, from birds to fish, to various ghosts, all saying that Baekje was about to fall.  The annals at this point paint Wicha as consumed with the material world and debauchery, likely a largely later indictment to add a moral explanation to the events that would soon occur. In Yamato, there were other omens as well.  Things were not entirely well in the Yamato capital.  Remember, this was Takara Hime's second reign, and her son was fully grown, himself, so she was no spring chicken.  On the 13th day of the 7th month of the year 659, she had the ministers expound the Urabon sutra in all the temples in Asuka and had a requital made to the ancestors for 7 generations.  We are also told that in that same year, the Miyatsuko of Izumo was made to repair the Itsuki god's shrine.  I have to wonder if these were to help make merit, or were just regular occurrences, but we are also told that fox bit at the head of a creeper that a man was carrying and ran off with it, and a dog found a dead man's hand and forearm and dropped them at Ifuya shrine.  The chroniclers claim these omens were not about Baekje, but rather about Takara Hime herself—claiming that she was not long for this world. It is good to remember that it is only now that we can look back and see where things were leading.  At the time, nobody really knew what the future held, and business went on as normal.  The omens and portents were all well and good, but they are being interpreted after the fact.  There is no indication that people were telling Takara Hime that her time was about to come.  This is illustrated by the fact that there are plenty of regular accounts in here as well.  We have a few episodes that actually reference the “shiguma”—the polar bear or the brown bear—and Gogureyo.  The first is of Goguryeo merchants—likely part of an embassy—trying to sell a shiguma fur in the local markets for 60 pounds of floss silk, a price that was apparently laughable, as the market commissioner turned them down.  And here I'll digress briefly because this is rather a remarkable entry, even though it seems like almost nothing, because it demonstrates something we rarely see but often suspect.  For all that the ambassadors to various courts were performing their diplomatic functions, they were also there to trade.  This is part of how they funded the journey.  They would bring some goods for the court and the sovereign, of course, and hopefully get as much or more in return.  But they would also trade in the local markets.  This is probably part of what the embassy to the Tang was doing when they made landfall and then stayed put for a month or so.  I suspect they were working with the local government to ship off the tribute, but also availing themselves of the local markets.  You didn't necessarily exchange currency, but you would sell your trade goods and that would likely help fund the embassy for the time they were in the country, at least for anything the host nation didn't provide. It is also interesting that we talk of a market commissioner.  We've mentioned markets before, and their existence is likely more than just a random assortment of shops with goods to sell.  They were overseen by local officials, and they would have been regulated to some extent by the larger state, probably with taxes and other goods making their way up to the government.  I don't know that we have a clear idea of what it looked like until later, and so an entry like this just gives us a little hint at what was going on in the day to day administration of the entire country. Continuing with the shiguma theme, apparently a painter named Komaro—a Japanese name, but he's described as a “Goguryeo” painter, which could mean that he trained in Goguryeo, or came from there and changed his name.  It is also possible, I supposed, that he was simply trained in the Goguryeo style.  Anyway, he was apparently quite successful because he entertained guests from his own uji—his own surname—and so borrowed 70 official shiguma skins for them to sit on.  Apparently this was a garish display that left the guests astonished and ashamed to even be part of the event, so they went away. So sitting on fur rugs was apparently not a thing to do—or perhaps just not that many.  But I would note that he apparently borrowed them from the government—they were “official” after all.  So what was the government doing with them?  They were probably tribute from the Emishi in the north, or perhaps just the result of regular trade.  And Komaro must have had some pull to be able to request them for his own private use.  Unfortunately, I don't have any further details, so we are left to guess at most of the rest. But we do continue on with the Goguryeo theme in the following year, the first month of 660, with envoys from Goguryeo arriving in Tsukushi.  They likely had no idea that while they were in Yamato, big changes were about to take place back on the peninsula.  It would take them four months to get to Naniwa, arriving on the 8th day of the 5th month.  They couldn't have known everything that was happening on the peninsula, behind them. And that's because it was in the third month of tha year that Tang Gaozong commanded Su Dingfang, along with Kim Inmun and Liu Boying, to take 130,000 land and see troops to subdue Baekje.  They landed at Teongmul islands, west of Baekje, and, word having reached their court, the King of Silla sent the renowned general Kim Yusin in charge of a force of 50,000 troops to lend their support.  Kim Yusin was a veteran of fighting between Baekje and Silla, and he had already face the enemy on the battlefield, but now he had the aid of the Tang troops. King Wicha had heard of their advance, and asked his court for advice.  One suggestion was to try to crush the Tang soldiers as soon as they came ashore—force them to stay on their boats and destroy them before they could get on land and organized.  Another suggested that the Tang army, for all its size, was built for speed and a decisive victory.  If Baekje could simply harry them long enough, it would wear them down, and they would have to return.  They could then turn their sights on Silla, an enemy they knew how to deal with. One noble, Heungsu, who had been out of favor in the court, and even exiled at one point, offered his advice—that they should fortify the Baek river and Tanhyeon Pass, so that they could not approach.  It would be a near suicidal task, but brave soldiers could defend those narrow points against larger forces, since they would be forced to engage with fewer forces at a time.  Heungsu was ridiculed, however, and his ideas were abandoned. Instead, they devised a scheme whereby they would let the Tang ships enter the river, until they could only go two abreast, and then they would attack them from the shore and destroy them.  Likewise, at the pass, rather than fortifying it, as suggested, they would wait in ambush until the Tang forces could not maneuver, and they would then destroy them as well.  This seemed like a plan, and it was given to the general Kyebaek to carry out. At first, it looked like it would work.  General Kyebaek took five thousand soldiers to Hwangsan as soon as the heard that the Silla soldiers were advancing through the pass.  They engaged the Silla forces four separate times, defeating Silla each time.  However, every assault took its toll.  The five thousand troops could not prevail against a force 10 times their size, and eventually they were wiped out, along with general Kyebaek.  Without opposition, the Silla forces met up with the Tang, and the two armies joined forces.  They actually were able to use the mountainous terrain, which otherwise would have been used to keep them out, to their own advantage.  Eventually they were able to advance on the capital.  The Baekje forces fought to exhaustion, but they were outmatched by the Tang-Silla alliance.  Eventually, they marched on the city, and King Wicha knew that they would be defeated. Four years before this, an official had spoken up against King Wicha, and had been thrown in prison, where he died, emaciated.  However, before he died he offered advice that if an enemy were ever to come, the army should be deployed to the passes and to the upstream banks of the rivers, and that no enemy should be allowed to pass those points.  Looking at the enemy at his gates, King Wicha regretted that he had not listened to that advice.  He grabbed his son and fled to the northern border of Baekje while Su Tingfang and the combined forces besieged the capital.  He sought refuge at Ungjin fortress, in modern Kongju.  This all happened in the 7th lunar month of the year 660. With King Wicha fled, along with the crown prince, his second son, T'ae, declared himself king and led the defense of the city.  However, several others of King Wicha's sons looked at this and were afraid that it now didn't matter what happened.  If T'ae defended the city, then they would be next on his hit list, as they were clearly his rivals to power, and if the Tang defeated them, well, it didn't look good, either.  So they and their retainers all fled the city as well.  This sparked a mass exodus as other citizens tried to do the same, and T'ae could not stop them.  Eventually, the forces weakened, Su Tingfang took the city and raised the Tang banners.  T'ae opened the gates and pleaded for his life.  When King Wicha heard all of this, he knew there was no escape.  He and his sons surrendered themselves and the fortresses to the Tang-Silla alliance.  He and his sons, and many of his people, were taken captive and taken back to the Tang court, where the Yamato ambassadors saw them being paraded around. Now the king may have been captured, but Baekje was not completely subdued.  A few of the remaining citizens held out hope that they could gather their forces and kick out the Tang and Silla and take back their country.  They knew that, although most of the royal family was captured there was still one more:  Prince Pung.  Prince Pung, as you may recall from previous episodes, was residing in Yamato, a royal hostage—or perhaps more of a restrained guest.  The rebels acknowledged him as their king and sent word to Yamato asking that he come back, along with reinforcements, and retake the kingdom.  In the meantime, they gathered and fought as they could, wearing down the Tang and Silla forces.  The rebels, after all, knew the land, and the invaders were still reliant on their supply lines.  This situation persisted for several years. Back in Yamato, in the 5th month of 660, they still were likely unaware of what had happened on the peninsula.  There was no social media to alert them to the dangers, and it would still be a few months before the Baekje capital actually fell.  They were busy entertaining the envoys from Goguryeo, or preparing 100 raised seats an one hundred kesa, or Buddhist vestments, for a Benevolent King ritual.  They were focused on their wars in the north, with the Mishihase, which they had been successful in Praising Abe no Hirafu for his successful campaign.  There is one record that says that in the 5th month people started carrying weapons around with them for no good reason, because they had heard of the destruction of Baekje, but that hadn't actually happened yet, so this is likely out of place—possibly by a couple of years. There is a note about the destruction of Baekje in the 7th month, but that is from the “Records of the reigns of Japan” or Nihon Seiki, a work that is no longer extant that was apparently written by a Goguryeo priest, who noted Baekje's destruction in his history, but this was probably not exactly information available to Yamato at the time.  And no, I don't want to gloss over the fact that we are given another source that was likely being used by the Chroniclers.  I want to delve into the fact that this was by a Goguryeo priest, known in Japanese as Doken.  I want to talk about how this work pops up throughout the reigns of Saimei, Tenchi, and apparently even in the Fujiwara Kaden.  It seems like he was close to Nakatomi no Kamatari and the Fujiwara house, which probably explains how he had access to the events mentioned and why his work was known.  However, I don't really have time for all of that because we are trying to focus on what was happening with Baekje and what was happening Yamato at the time. And in Yamato it wasn't until the 9th month that word finally arrived via a Buddhist novice named “Kakchyong”, according to Aston.  He carried word of the defeat, but also word that Kwisil Poksin had taken up arms and was leading a rebellion against Tang and Silla control.    The royal city, which some records say had fallen in mere days, was once more under Baekje control, according to the word that reached Yamato.  It does seem that Poksin held it for a time, but they weren't able to set in for any kind of prolonged fight in any one spot.  It seems that the fighting was going back and forth, and the rebels were remaining on the move while fighting actions against the invading forces.  Poksin had apparently captured some of the enemy troops, though, and sent them to Yamato, possibly as tribute and payment for future reinforcements, and possibly to demonstrate their victories. And if that was the case, it seemed to have worked.  Takara Hime agreed to help Baekje.  She agreed to send troops, commanding them to go from a hundred directions and meet up in Sateok—likely meaning that this was an emergency deployment and rather than everyone gathering in Kyushu and heading over together, they were getting there as fast as they could, however they could, to try and come to Baekje's aid.  She also released Prince Pung to return as well, and basically named him the King of Baekje herself.  As for Takara Hime and the main force, they moved first to Naniwa and gathered there.  She was considering going on to Tsukushi and then traveling with the bulk of the navy from there. Omens were also coming in, and it wasn't good.  In the province of Suruga, they built a boat, but apparently, overnight, the bow and stern switched places, which the Chroniclers saw as a bad omen.  And then there were a swarm of insects reported in Shinano as coming from a westerly direction.  Another bad sign, especially given that Tang and Silla were both west of Yamato. Although they started preparing in the 9th month of 660, it took them until the first month of 661 to have the royal ship ready to go.  It is likely that much of what was happening was not just a waiting navy putting to sea, but rather there were emergency build orders to build or repair ships and make them ready for the crossing and eventual attack.  The royal ship made its through the Seto Inland Sea, past Bizen, the nearer part of ancient Kibi, and on to Iyo, on Shikoku.  They seem to have had a few setbacks in their journey, and it wasn't until the 5th month that they reached the Asakura palace, though to be in Chikuzen, in Tsukushi, aka northern Kyushu.  The month before, Poksin had written and asked to wait upon the prince, which I suspect was a polite way of asking when the reinforcements would finally arrive. Unfortunately, at Asakura, disaster struck.  The Chroniclers claim this was because they had cleared sacred trees in order to make room for the palace and the kami were none to pleased.  The palace itself was demolished and several notable people, including the Grand Treasurer, took ill and died.  Not a great start to things.  It was here that they met up with the envoys coming back from Chang'an who no doubt told them about their house arrest and everything else.  On top of this, we are told that in the 6th month Prince Ise, of whom little more is given, died, and then, a little more than a month later, he was followed by the sovereign herself: Takara Hime. I suspect that Prince Ise may have been one of Takara Hime's sons, possibly in line for the throne, otherwise, why make mention of his death.  However, Takara's passing would have no doubt thrown the war plans into disarray.  It is quite likely that she wasn't actually the one doing most of the heavy lifting—in all likely that was her son, Prince Naka no Oe, who was handling a lot of that.  But still, the death of the sovereign just before you head off to war, was not great.  They had to send a funeral procession back to Naniwa and Asuka.  Prince Naka no Oe accompanied it as far as the Iwase Palace, but didn't go all the way back.  As the procession headed for Naniwa, he composed a poem: Longing as I do For a sight of thee Now that I have arrived here, Even thus do I long Desirous of a sight of thee! Prince Naka no Oe had just lost his sovereign and his mother, and he was now fully in charge of the armada headed to try and relieve Baekje.  He would have to continue the plans while Takara Hime's remains headed back to Asuka.  The funeral procession arrived in the 10th month, and her body was put in temporary interment for at Asuka-gahara as 9 days of mourning began.  Her son, however, would continue to mourn from afar.  He put on white clothing—a symbol of purity and associated with funerals and death, at least in Buddhist tradition. He had no time, though.  By the 8th month, Prince Naka no Oe was sending Adzumi no Hirafu no Omi and Kawabe no Momoye no Omi, as generals of the Front Division, while Abe no Hirafu no Omi and Mononobe no Muraji no Kuma took up the mantle of generals of the rear division.  They sent men, along with arms and grain to help relieve the Baekje forces. After sending the initial forces to make way, in the 9th month he conferred a cap of woven stuff on Prince Pung, indicating his high rank in the Yamato court, and gave to him as a wife, the sister of a high ranking court official.  He then sent him off, with the help of Sawi no Muraji no Ajimasa and Hada no Miyatsuko no Takutsu, along with 5,000 troops to escort him back.  They made it to Baekje and were able to meet up with Poksin and their forces. On the Korean peninsula, one of the strategic objectives of the Tang was to create a foothold on the peninsula so that they could finally take out the Kingdom of Goguryeo.  That year was particularly cold, and apparently Tang forces tried to invade Goguryeo again, attacking with siege weapons and other war machines.  The Goguryeo soldiers fought valiantly, but appear to have reached a stalemate. In 662, some of the Yamato material started appearing for Poksin.  It included 100,000 arrows, 500 kin of raw silk, 1000 kin of floss silk, 1000 tan of cloth, 1000 hides of leather, and 3000 koku, or over 15,000 bushels, of seed rice.  The next month, he sent another 300 tan of silk to the king.  The Silk may not make much sense, but it would have likely been a form of currency that they could use to purchase other goods, and it could be used for clothing.  The leather may have even been useful for armor and other accoutrements.   But mostly, this was probably economic aid, outside of the 100,000 arrows.  That same month, the 3rd month of 662, the Tang-Silla alliance was trying to body Goguryeo,  and Goguryeo reached out for aid.  Yamato troops were reportedly sent to help, and the attacks against Goguryeo were blunted.  This really was, now, the Goguryeo-Baekje-Yamato alliance against the Tang-Silla alliance. Poksin and the rebels had holed up in a place called Chuyu, which they were using as their base of operations.  King Pung had arrived, and Poksin was officially made his Minister, but they decided to move out from Chuyu.  It was fine for defense, but the land was not fertile, and they wanted to establish a base where they apparently had more resources, so they found Phisyeong, with rivers to the north and west, and large earthworks to the south and east.  It had fertile land for growing crops, which could then feed the army. However, one of the veterans pointed out the Phisyeong was less than a day's march from their enemies' encampment, and it would be a simple nights march and the army could be at their doorstep.  Chuyu, for all it was not the most appealing place, was much more defensible.  In the end, though, they decided that they would move the capital to Phisyeong. In the 2nd month of the following year, in 663, Silla troops were ravaging southern Baekje, setting fire to the land, possibly trying to starve out any resistance. Sure enough, they moved in close to Phisyeong, and King Pung and his troops realized they were in danger, and moved back to the defensive position of Chuyu.  In the following month, the Yamato and Baekje forces began to take the fight to Silla.  They advanced on Silla territory with 27,000 troops.  They took some cities and fortresses. As all of this was going on, King Pung was beginning to wonder about Poksin and his loyalties.  After all, Poksin had been running things before Pung showed up, and why wouldn't he think he could run things just fine without Pung once this was all over?  He had raised the soldiers, right?  So who would they be loyal to?  Would they be loyal to Pung, who barely knew Baekje, having lived for so long in Yamato.  Or would they be loyal to Poksin, who had rallied them together at the brink of defeat? And so in the 6th month he conferred with his other ministers.  Now it isn't stated in the text, but I suspect that his other ministers were Baekje nobles, and Poksin, well, there really isn't much indication that he had started this out as a man of high station.  They all agreed that Poksin should be dealt with, and so Pung had Poksin taken into custody and beheaded. Now I don't know if it needs to be said, but putting your own top general to death in the middle of a war is not exactly the best thing for morale.  Silla heard about it, and made plans to attack, hoping to catch Baekje offguard.  Baekje heard about it, and they also knew that about 10,000 reinforcements were supposed to be arriving soon from Yamato.  Those were reinforcements that could turn the tide of any fight.  They just needed to make it up the Baek river, known in Japanese as the Haku-suki-no-e. The Silla and Tang troops surrounded the fortress of Chuyu, and Baekje desperately needed the reinforcements from Yamato.  The Tang navy had 170 ships sitting at the mouth of the Baek River, ready to prevent any reinforcements from getting in.  On the 17th day of the 8th month, according to the Nihon Shoki, the first ships of the Yamato fleet arrived, but they could make no headway against the Tang forces.  Based on other records, it appears that the Yamato fleet swelled to more than 400 ships, well over twice the size of the defending Tang navy.  They attacked at least four separate times, but despite their smaller size, the Tang ships had the advantage of the terrain, using the narrowing at the river, and they also had superior tactics.  Although the Yamato soldiers fought ferociously, they couldn't move the Tang fleet. Speaking of fighting, let's talk about what it meant.  There were no cannons or anything like that.  It is likely that the projectile weapons of the day were arrows, and based on the ship designs, it was likely that ships would need to get close and grapple with each other so that soldiers could actually do the fighting.  In this way, ships were like floating battlefields.  If you could burn the ships, then that was something, but fire would also be a danger to your own wooden vessel.  And so it is likely that ships would have to engage with each other and effectively let the other side grapple if you wanted to fight, unless you just wanted to exchange arrows. After being repulsed four times, ten days after they had first engaged, the Tang vessels finally counterattacked.  They were able to swarm out and envelope the right and left flanks or the Yamato ships.  Four hundred ships were burned and sent to the bottom of the sea.  The Yamato forces were unable to break through the blockade and had to turn around.  The Battle of Haku-suki-no-e was a total defeat, and only ten days later, Chuyu fell.  King Pung was able to escape, fleeing to Goguryeo, but the writing was on the wall: The Kingdom of Baekje would never be reconstituted.  The Yamato forces departed the continent and headed back to the archipelago.  They met up at Honye on the 24th day of the 9th month and started out for the archipelago on the following day, eventually returning to Yamato, along with some of the Baekje nobles and ministers who had fled with them. The results of this defeat were resounding.  The battle of Haku-suki-no-e, known in Korean as the Battle of Baekgang, or the Battle of the Baek River, would change the political landscape.  The Tang-Silla alliance would eventually continue to pressure Goguryeo, and the dictator, Yeong Gaesomun, would die three years later, in 666.  He had held out against Tang and Silla, but with his death, there was a moment of chaos as an internal struggle broke out in the Goguryeo court.  The divisions this caused weakened the country, which fell to the Tang-Silla alliance in 667. With both Goguryeo and Baekje gone, suddenly Silla was now the country on the Tang empire's borders.  Without their shared enemies, there was not longer an alliance between the two, and Silla would push back against the Tang.  The Tang held out on the peninsula for another decade, but without Silla support, it became too costly to continually ship supplies to the troops.  Silla was eventually able to force the Tang forces off of the peninsula, and thus began the period on the Korean peninsula known as Unified Silla, where Silla ruled all of the what is now north and south Korea. In the archipelago, in the aftermath of their ally's defeat, there was worry in the Yamato court.  They were afraid that the Tang empire would come after them, next, and they began building fortresses from Tsukushi all the way along Kyushu and the Seto Inland sea area.  These are peninsular style fortresses, often using earthworks and walls that were built up around the tops of mountains, using the terrain.  A large earthwork was put up between the coast and the Dazaifu, in case Tang troops landed in Hakata bay.  Today, many of these earthworks still exist.  Some were even repurposed for gun emplacements in the lead up to what would become World War II, as they were still highly defensible positions. The feared invasion never came, and the fortresses would eventually be abandoned, but they are still a testament to just how seriously Yamato took this threat. Next up, we'll take a look at Naka no Oe's reign.  Naka no Oe is known in the Chronicles as Tenchi Tennou, the sovereign of Heavenly Wisdom.  We'll talk about that some more as we get into his time on the throne.  Since 645 he had been a force in the Yamato court, but he had not taken the throne at a younger age.  Now, however, his power seemed secure.  He took the throne upon his mother's death, and we'll talk about that and more in future episodes. Until then, thank you once again for listening and for all of your support. If you like what we are doing, please tell your friends and feel free to rate us wherever you listen to podcasts.  If you feel the need to do more, and want to help us keep this going, we have information about how you can donate on Patreon or through our KoFi site, ko-fi.com/sengokudaimyo, or find the links over at our main website,  SengokuDaimyo.com/Podcast, where we will have some more discussion on topics from this episode. Also, feel free to reach out to our Sengoku Daimyo Facebook page.  You can also email us at the.sengoku.daimyo@gmail.com.  Thank you, also, to Ellen for their work editing the podcast. And that's all for now.  Thank you again, and I'll see you next episode on Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan

Těžko se dá zpochybnit, že politika Donalda Trumpa objektivně škodí Česku. Cla, bezprostředně ohrožující český průmysl, rozjezd obchodních válek, ohrožujících celou českou exportní ekonomiku, rozvrat geopolitické architektury, ohrožující bezpečnost naší země, to všechno jsou nevyvratitelná fakta.

Těžko se dá zpochybnit, že politika Donalda Trumpa objektivně škodí Česku. Cla, bezprostředně ohrožující český průmysl, rozjezd obchodních válek, ohrožujících celou českou exportní ekonomiku, rozvrat geopolitické architektury, ohrožující bezpečnost naší země, to všechno jsou nevyvratitelná fakta.Všechny díly podcastu Názory a argumenty můžete pohodlně poslouchat v mobilní aplikaci mujRozhlas pro Android a iOS nebo na webu mujRozhlas.cz.

Vesmír má stále mnoho záhad, napríklad rotáciu galaxií. Prečo majú galaxie tvar špirály? Je ich smer rotácie náhodný? A čo to hovorí o vesmíre ako celku? O tom všetkom diskutujú Jozef a Samuel. V tejto epizóde sa Jozefovi neplánovane prepol mikrofón na vnútorný – ďakujeme za pochopenie. Tento podcast vzniká v spolupráci so SME. Máme novú knihu – Rozhovory o vesmíre https://www.martinus.sk/2901887-rozhovory-o-vesmire/kniha Podcastové hrnčeky a ponožky nájdete na stránke https://vedator.space/vedastore/ Vedátora môžete podporiť cez stránku Patreon https://www.patreon.com/Vedator_sk   Všetko ostatné nájdete tu https://linktr.ee/vedatorsk Vedátorský newsletter http://eepurl.com/gIm1y5

Mezi řadovými členy ODS, TOP 09 a KDU-ČSL je patrná nervozita z toho, že koalice Spolu stále přešlapuje na místě a ještě nerozjela kampaň, ačkoli její hlavní konkurenti - opoziční hnutí ANO i vládní partneři STAN - už jedou na plné obrátky. Spolu přitom zaostává za  Babišovým hnutím o víc než polovinu hlasů a do zářijových voleb zbývá už jen šest měsíců.Důvodů zpoždění kampaně je několik, tím hlavním bylo nečekaně komplikované sestavování kandidátek. Občanští demokraté se cítí silnější a chtěli víc lepších míst než před čtyřmi lety - a kvůli tomu tlačili na menší partnery. Pak se kandidátky zase musely přeskládat, když šéfka TOP 09 Markéta Pekarová Adamová oznámila, že ze zdravotních důvodů do voleb nejde.Dokonce už ani někteří ministři nechtějí čekat, až kampaň oficiálně odstartuje, a rozjeli to sami. Ministr dopravy Martin Kupka z ODS a sociálních věcí Marian Jurečka z KDU-ČSL vytvořili dvojici, která vyrazila do terénu. Společně objíždějí republiku a setkávají se s podnikateli, aby je přesvědčili, co vše pro ně Fialova vláda udělala.„Nechápu, na co kdo čeká. Není potřeba čekat na výstřel z děla,“ vysvětluje Marian Jurečka. Ministr dopravy Kupka jede kampaň s názvem „Nabité jaro“, kde  se chlubí stavbami několika obchvatů a dalšími rozestavěnými dálničními úseky.„Někdy si říkám, jestli za tím rozpačitým rozjezdem vlastně není jakási rezignace či poraženectví. Možná už vládní politici mají v hlavách, že to stejně už nejde zvrátit a proti Babišovi vyhrát. A možná se někteří dokonce těší, až mu tu celé v dnešní neklidné době předají - s tím, ať si to taky užije někdo jiný,“ říká v podcastu Vlevo dole Václav Dolejší.Příští týden lídři Spolu teprve oznámí podpis koaliční smlouvy pro volby 2025 a také personální obsazení kandidátek ve všech 14 krajích. Členové partají teď tlačí na prvního místopředsedu ODS a ministra financí Zbyňka Stanjuru, aby se už naplno ujal role šéfa kampaně Spolu a nastartoval motory.„Zatím to vypadá jako taková vícerychlostní kampaň - někdo spí, někdo váhá, někdo už to rozjel. Moc nevěřím vysvětlení, že jde  sofistikovanou strategii maratonského běžce, který se drží schválně vzadu, nechá ostatní přepálit start, aby je pak ve finiši předběhl,“ směje se Lucie Stuchlíková.Je Spolu tak dobré zboží, že se chválí samo? Bude epistolární román(ek) mezi Babišem a Fialou pokračovat donekonečna? Oškube Stačilo! Konečnou, nebo Konečná komunisty? A co nesmí Václav Dolejší už nikdy přinést do studia? Poslechněte si v aktuální epizodě Vlevo dole!----Vlevo dole řeší politické kauzy, boje o vliv i šeptandu z kuloárů Sněmovny. Vychází každou středu v poledne.Podcast pro vás připravují Lucie Stuchlíková (@StuchlikovLucie) a Václav Dolejší (@VacDol), reportéři Seznam Zpráv.Další podcasty, ale taky články, komentáře a videa najdete na zpravodajském serveru Seznam Zprávy. Poslouchejte nás na webu Seznam Zpráv, na Podcasty.cz nebo ve své oblíbené podcastové aplikaci.Své názory, návrhy, otázky, stížnosti nebo pochvaly nám můžete posílat na adresu audio@sz.cz.Sledujte @SeznamZpravy na sociálních sítích: Twitter // Facebook // Instagram.Seznam Zprávy jsou zdrojem původních informací, nezávislé investigace, originální publicistiky.

On this Episode... Kenny Hada from Austin's own "Wild Wren" stopped by the CobraCast Studio for a really cool and laid back conversation... We talked about the beginnings of the band that started in the pandemic, the Austin Music scene among other things plus we played 3 "Wild Wren" Music Videos... We had a rough start due to technical difficulties but we fought through it and recorded a great Episode... Hope everybody likes it... For more info on "Wild Wren", please go to https://wildwrenmusic.com/ Much Love, Enjoy ;) Recorded on March 12th, 2025 Sponsored by Iron Wolf Ranch and Distillery https://ironwolfranch.com/    

Je teplý 8. červen roku 1948 a administrativní pracovnice kunštátckého velkostatku míří do práce. Po cestě do kanceláře si ale na nádvoří všimne mrtvoly vědkyně Hildegarde Hudcové. Mrtvola v ruce svírá větev břečťanu, kterým zámek obrůstá. V tu chvíli ještě pracovnice netuší, že v pronajatém bytě Hudcových leží další mrtvola. Ta patří desetiletému Oldříškovi, kterého někdo surově ubil sekerou.

Who were the Rajputs in Nepal, and how did they shape the country's history? In this fascinating podcast, Prof. Mahendra Prasad Singh dives deep into the Nepal Rajput history, tracing their migration to Nepal and their role in the Lichhavi dynasty Nepal. We explore how the Newar Rajputs origin is linked to the Chauhan dynasty Nepal, why they changed their caste identity, and how the Lichhavi book Nepal provides hidden insights into their rule. Learn about Jaystithi Malla Rajput influence, the Rajputs of Terai Nepal, and how their legacy still exists today. The discussion also covers Prithvi Narayan Shah Rajputs and how he loosened borders to maintain national security. We uncover the Jung Bahadur Rana British connection, the Hada and Chauhan Rajputs, and their impact on Nepal's aristocracy. Plus, we compare Nepal vs India Rajputs, exploring their unique historical paths. What caused the end of Lichhavi period and how did it affect the Rajput identity in Nepal? How did the Pradhan Hada Rajputs Nepal shape political power? This episode unveils the Rajput influence on Nepalese history, offering deep insights into their hidden past.

Asii už pevně ovinul had – v pořadí šesté znamení 12členného zvěrokruhu. Dopřeje statečným, ztrestá úskočné. Oslavy si hlavní asijská etnika rozprostřela do prvních šesti měsíců tohoto roku. A zdaleka se neslaví jen hlučně a s ohňostrojem. Své místo má i klid, ticho a rozjímání.

En Ivoox puedes encontrar sólo algunos de los audios de Mindalia. Para escuchar las 4 grabaciones diarias que publicamos entra en https://www.mindaliatelevision.com. Si deseas ver el vídeo perteneciente a este audio, pincha aquí: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ukKYNwTK80&t=1s Las redes sociales influyen en la percepción de la propia imagen y la satisfacción corporal. Hada García Cock analiza el impacto de estas en los estándares de belleza, la comparación social constante, la autoimagen, el aumento de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria y la baja autoestima. Hada García Cock Psicóloga clínica, life coach especializada en trastornos alimentarios y obesidad y terapeuta antidietética. El trabajo de Hada se centra en la importancia de la gestión emocional y el cambio de hábitos. #RedesSociales #GestiónEmocional #Coaching Más información en: https://www.mindalia.com/television/ PARTICIPA CON TUS COMENTARIOS EN ESTE VÍDEO. -----------INFORMACIÓN SOBRE MINDALIA--------- Mindalia.com es una ONG internacional, sin ánimo de lucro, que difunde universalmente contenidos sobre espiritualidad y bienestar para la mejora de la consciencia del mundo. Apóyanos con tu donación en: https://www.mindalia.com/donar/ Suscríbete, comenta positivamente y comparte nuestros vídeos para difundir este conocimiento a miles de personas. Nuestro sitio web: https://www.mindalia.com SÍGUENOS TAMBIÉN EN NUESTRAS PLATAFORMAS Facebook: / mindalia.ayuda Instagram: / mindalia_com Twitch: / mindaliacom Odysee: https://odysee.com/@Mindalia.com *Mindalia.com no se hace responsable de las opiniones vertidas en este vídeo, ni necesariamente participa de ellas.

"Môžem byť pokazená, keď nedokážem dosiahnuť orgazmus pri sekse?" - Takýchto a podobných otázok nám prišlo toľko, že sme sa rozhodli urobiť podrobný rozbor ženského orgazmu. V prvej epizóde tejto série si predstavíme, čo to vlastne orgazmus je, ako sa prejavuje a aké sú faktory ovplyvňujúce (ne)dosiahnutie orgazmu. Prebrali sme aj aké typy orgazmov poznáme a tiež trochu polemizujeme o tom, či je klitorálny a vaginálny orgazmus to isté.

In this episode Toby sits down with birthday boy Dr. Richard Hada! They chat about how he met his wife, family, being the only dentist in the family, California, skating, football, mission in Costa Rica, his many broken teeth when he was younger, why he got into dentistry, Hada Family dental, faith, music interests, regrets, cold plunge, advancements in health professions & home dental remedies. Please remember to rate, review and subscribe and visit us at https://www.youtube.com/tobymorseonelifeonechance Please visit our sponsors! Athletic Greens https://athleticgreens.com/oloc Removery https://removery.com code TOBYH2O Liquid Death https://liquiddeath.com/toby

Teresa de la Cierva nos trae a Tatiana Gallardo, especialista en Skincare de Hada Labo Tokyo, para hablar de lo último en tratamientos de belleza.

Capítulo 300 de aniversario, donde tantos eventos y numerologías resuenan y nos traen un gran momento a esta manada cuántica en este proyecto de luz y crecimiento humano. Espero que éste momento sea también para ti favorable para resolver muchas cosas pendiente en tu corazón. Participa en Instagram a este post contandonos porque estás agradecido a Papá y Mamá, y habrá ganadores a nuetros eventos presencial y en línea. Déjanos tus comentarios y siguenos en centroquantum.com Gracias por tus 5

Vládní krize utichla stejně rychle jako začala. A ukázalo se, že vláda Piráty nepotřebuje nejen ve sněmovně, ale ani ve Strakovce. Kvůli odchodu Pirátů z vlády se nakonec bude měnit jen jeden ministr - a slovy Václava Klause je to vlastně taková nerekonstrukce.Michalu Šalomounovi se poděkovalo za jeho dobrou práci a zároveň se řeklo, že ji k ničemu nepotřebujeme. A na zahraničí zůstává Jan Lipavský, stačilo jen, aby se veřejně svléknul z černého stranického trička.Navenek to nedává moc smysl - Fiala mohl volné místo po Lipavském využít k větším změnám ve vládě (což je trik úspěšně používaný, když je nějaký kabinet nepopulární) a zároveň uspokojit funkcí vlastní straníky či koaliční partnery.„Oficiální argument, že je třeba udržet kontinuitu v zahraniční politice, s prominutím neobstojí. Nepochybuji, že by se ve Spolu našel někdo, kdo by taky dokázal do voleb říkat, že Rusko je špatné,“ říká v podcastu Lucie Stuchlíková.Co tím tedy premiér sleduje? „Za prvé tam trochu cítím, že si to přeje prezident Petr Pavel. Za druhé tak může Petr Fiala dál říkat, že on přece Piráty z vlády nevyhodil,“ myslí si Václav Dolejší. A možné taky je, že část Spolu Piráty chce prostě ponížit, co to jde - a jak jinak to udělat, než „krádeží“ populárního ministra.Zůstat ale nedává moc smyslu ani z pohledu Lipavského - zvlášť ve chvíli, kdy je to jen na pár měsíců, protože tvrdí, že za Spolu nechce kandidovat v příštích volbách. „Možná prostě jenom má rád funkci. A taky není vyloučeno, že si to s tou kandidaturou ještě rozmyslí,“ dodává Dolejší.Nebude před příštímu volbami volná nějaká ambasáda? Má Miloš Zeman kamarády a co si nejvíc přeje k narozeninám? A máte radši Suchánka, nebo Kulhánka? Poslechněte si celou epizodu Vlevo dole!----Vlevo dole řeší politické kauzy, boje o vliv i šeptandu z kuloárů Sněmovny. Vychází každou středu v poledne.Podcast pro vás připravují Lucie Stuchlíková (@StuchlikovLucie) a Václav Dolejší (@VacDol), reportéři Seznam Zpráv.Další podcasty, ale taky články, komentáře a videa najdete na zpravodajském serveru Seznam Zprávy. Poslouchejte nás na webu Seznam Zpráv, na Podcasty.cz nebo ve své oblíbené podcastové aplikaci. Své názory, návrhy, otázky, stížnosti nebo pochvaly nám můžete posílat na adresu audio@sz.cz.  Sledujte @SeznamZpravy na sociálních sítích: Twitter // Facebook // Instagram.Seznam Zprávy jsou zdrojem původních informací, nezávislé investigace, originální publicistiky.

En este fascinante episodio, tenemos el placer de entrevistar a Hada García, experta en nutrición y bienestar emocional. A lo largo de nuestra conversación, abordamos temas cruciales que pueden transformar nuestra relación con la comida. Hada nos enseña cómo controlar el hambre y la ansiedad por comer, explicando qué es el hambre emocional y cómo podemos diferenciarlo del apetito físico. También compartimos valiosos 'hacks' para gestionar nuestra mente y el vacío emocional que a menudo sentimos al comer. Además, discutimos por qué la psicología es un componente clave en la nutrición y cómo entender nuestras emociones puede ayudarnos a tomar decisiones más saludables. Hada también nos introduce al concepto de 'mindful eating' (comer con atención plena) y nos ofrece consejos prácticos sobre cómo implementarlo en nuestra vida diaria. Si estás buscando mejorar tu relación con la comida y aprender a escuchar a tu cuerpo, este episodio es una guía imprescindible. ¡No te lo pierdas! Dale play y acompáñanos en esta enriquecedora charla con Hada García.

Bridget Cleary fue cruelmente ejecutada después de que su esposo la acusó de ser en realidad un hada diabólica que había tomado el lugar de su mujer. Irlanda es un lugar lleno de leyendas de duendes y hadas y en este contexto ocurre este caso que aún tantos años después sigue dando de qué hablar por la crueldad y el criterio dudoso que lo caracteriza, y el día de hoy, te contamos todos los detalles.