Podcasts about Kuma

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This episode is a bit long--we are talking about the last elements of the reign of Takara Hime, the fall of Baekje, and the attempt to restore the kingdom, which culminated in the Battle of Hakusukinoe, aka the Battle of Baekgang.  For more, check out our blog at https://sengokudaimyo.com/podcast/episode-124 Rough Transcript Welcome to Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  My name is Joshua and this is Episode 124:  The Battle of Haku-suki-no-e. Echi no Takutsu looked out from where he stood on the deck of his ship.  The horizon seemed to bob up and down, but he knew that was just an illusion caused by the waves.  And upon those waves, hundreds of Yamato ships floated, ready to do battle.  As a veteran of this and other wars, Takutsu was used to surveying flotillas of ships, and yet, none of his years of experience had quite had this kind of impact upon him.  Yamato's ally, Baekje, had fallen in battle to the combined might of the Tang and Silla forces, and now they were assisting a band of rebels who were trying to once again restore their kingdom.  Silla was, of course, an all too common adversary for the Yamato court, but the Tang: now that was another matter. The Tang dynasty had only grown in the four and a half decades since it was founded.  They had destroyed their enemies and continued to expand.  They had defeated the Gokturks and expanded into the heart of Eurasia. Even in cases like Goguryeo, who had so far managed to hold out against their attacks, it was clear that they had an effect.  The Tang dynasty was the superpower of its day, and for whatever airs Yamato may have put on, they were still a backwater in comparison. And yet, on this day, that backwater seemed, by all rights, to have the upper hand.  In response to the destruction of Baekje, Yamato had marshalled all of their forces.  Their boats greatly outnumbered those of their opponents, and if they could defeat the Tang navy, then they could make landfall and connect with the remaining Baekje forces attempting to restore their kingdom.  And so here they were, at the mouth of the Baengma River, also known as the Baekgang, or, in Japanese, the Haku-suki-no-e.  The Tang forces were bottled up, and the greater Yamato forces seemed poised to take them out.   The only problem was that the river mouth narrowed quickly, so that only a few ships could attack at any given time.  Still, with overwhelming numbers, Echi no Takutsu and his fellow soldiers expected that they would still be able to overcome their enemies and place their allies back in control of their territory. With confidence in their victory, the Yamato ships sailed forward, prepared to crush their enemies, and restore Baekje…   Greetings, everyone, and welcome back.  As you may have figured out we are still in the later half of the 7th century.  During the last episode we talked about the embassy to the Tang dynasty court that got delayed—placed under house arrest for a year—because the Tang dynasty was conducting their special military operations over on the Korean peninsula.  That was in the year 660.  Specifically, the Tang were working in conjunction with Silla to destroy the Kingdom of Baekje, and they even returned to the Tang capital with prisoners, including the royal family and many high-ranking nobles.  That they didn't want the ambassadors leaving, and presumably informing Baekje on their way back, would seem to speak to the strong ties between Baekje and Yamato.  After all, several times in the Nihon Shoki we have seen where the Baekje royal line was endangered and a prince that had been living at the Yamato court was brought across the strait with Yamato support to place them back on the throne. This episode, we are going to look a little closer at what happened on the peninsula and what happened when news of the event reached the Yamato court.  This would culminate in one of the most famous naval battles in east Asia—certainly one of the most famous in Japanese history.  It is recorded in records from various sides, so unlike many of the raids on Silla, and other conflicts on the peninsula, we have multiple accounts documenting it, and if the Japanese account is to be believed than it may have been among the largest naval conflicts in the world at that time. So let me take you through what the Chronicles have to say up until the battle and then we can talk about what happened and a little bit about what it would mean for Yamato in the years to come. We'll start a bit before the conflict, while Baekje was still going strong.  The Chronicles are filled with portents and omens, and of course, they already knew what had happened.  Still, let's talk about some of what they mentioned leading up to the battle, as well as some of the remaining accounts demonstrating the cross-strait exchanges. We'll start in 655, the year after Takara Hime had assumed the throne, being given the name Saimei Tennou by the Chroniclers.  On the first day of the 5th month we are told that a “man of Tang” was seen riding a dragon in the sky.  He is described as wearing a broad hat of blue—or green—oiled cloth.  He rode fast from the peak of Mt. Katsuraki and disappeared on Mt. Ikoma.  At noon he galloped over the pines of Sumiyoshi and disappeared into the west. This is obviously a fantastical story, but let's talk about what we can.  It is hard not to see in this some of the importance that the Tang dynasty would play in this reign, especially given the fact that this occurred in the first year after Takara hime had ascended the throne.  It would seem to have been meant here as an omen.  I have not seen specific comments about this, though I'm sure someone has looked into it.  But for me, I am struck by the fact this person was, first and foremost, identifiable as Tang, likely meaning because of his clothing.  And he was riding a dragon.  Dragons were known in Japan, but not quite as popular in folklore as they are shown to be on the mainland.  The Dragon was the imperial symbol of the Tang and other dynasties.  Japan had its own stories of dragon kings and other such things, but in this case I can't imagine that the connection with the imperial throne would be ignored. The hat is also interesting.  The color is listed as “blue” though Aston translates this as “green”.  The term “aoi” was used for any color on the spectrum from blue to green.  In fact, it is still the case that the “green” light on a Japanese traffic signal is still referred to as “blue”.  There were more specific colors, but the word “midori” would have been more like a specific word, like “teal”, “cerulean”, or “aquamarine”, rather than a core color like we would use blue, yellow, or, in this case, green.  The fact that it was made of oiled stuff suggests to me that it was waterproofed.  It is noted specifically with the character for “kasa”, which typically refers to a wide brimmed hat used to keep the rain off. I suspect that in this case it was the kind of hat that we often see on Tang dynasty figurines of riders.  They often have a tall, wide-brimmed hat, often with drape of sheer fabric around the edge.  This kind of hat would eventually be popular in Japan amongst traveling noblewomen, as it helped keep them out of the sun and away from the bugs and, well, it also acted as a barrier between the them and the rest of the world.  The versions seen on the Tang figurines are usually somewhat short, probably just enough to obscure the face, and may have helped to cut down on glare.  These often aren't obviously oiled, but that certainly could have been the case, and that may have been another method of protecting travelers from anything that nature could throw at them. It does seem a very particular image. The course of the rider is somewhat interesting.  From Katsuraki, on the southwestern edge of the Nara basin, north to Mt. Ikoma.  Then west to Sumiyoshi and off to the far west—in other words, back to the Tang dynasty.  Sumiyoshi is also of particular interest. The pines of Sumiyoshi are a particular poetic trope, or utamakura.  They help to conjure famous imagery of a place, and so it is hardly surprising that they would be found in this context.  In this case I suspect that is the main reason they are mentioned.  However, Sumiyoshi also has its own importance.  Sumiyoshi was once on the seashore, and Sumiyoshi was a common shrine for travelers to pray at for safe travels.  In fact, there are Sumiyoshi shrines across the archipelago that all are tied back to the Sumiyoshi in the modern Ohosaka area, and they often found near the shore as places where travelers could pray for safe passage before they headed off on the sea. And so it would make sense that the rider would head off over Sumiyoshi and to the west, much as the various ambassadors would travel off to the west. There may be more to it, but I suspect that this was either referencing the growing links between Yamato and the Tang, or perhaps simply referring to the various kentoushi—the ambassadors who crossed the seas to the Tang court and brought back so much to the archipelago. The next obvious omen seems to come in 657.  In this case it was a white fox seen in the land of Iwami.  It was mentioned in the same record as when ambassadors Adzumi no Tsuratari and Tsu no Kutsuma came back from the Western Seas via Baekje.  It isn't clear that the two are connected, though.  Perhaps there is something I'm missing.  It is notable that this seems to be the only mention of Iwami that I could find, at least doing a quick search for the characters in the electronic version of the text.  Iwami is the land to the west of Izumo, on the western end of modern Shimane prefecture, and the western end of the San'in-do, along the northern edge of western Honshu.  It is a mountainous region on the edge of the Japan Sea, the Nihonkai. We've talked about many of the other accounts after that, until the following year, 658.  We have a note about a south-pointing chariot, which we'll discuss in a later episode, but that was clearly another connection to continental technologies.  After that we have an account from Izumo.  Huge numbers of dead fish were washing ashore, up to three feet, or roughly a meter, deep.  The fish were apparently the size of a pufferfish, with beaks like a sparrow and thorny scales, several inches long.  I wonder if, by the description, they could be referring to triggerfish or parrotfish, which are found in the Japan Sea.  Fish kills, or mass die-offs, are unfortunate events that occasionally happen for a variety of reasons.  The most common is actually asphyxiation—algae blooms or other such events that eat up the oxygen, causing fish to die off in an area.  Fish kills might also happen because of disease, undersea quakes, and other factors.  Of course, to anyone in Izumo, this would have been a terribly random event.  I can't tell whether or not it was an omen, but it certainly could have been.  If so, I doubt it would have been a very good one. The strange fish that were brought up were called “sparrow fish” by the locals.  They believed they were sparrows that had gone to the ocean and turned into fish. Immediately after that, in the Chronicle, we get a somewhat odd entry in that it seems out of place.  We are told that Baekje had sent to Japan requesting aid.  Tang and Silla had teamed up and captured King Wicha, his queen, and the heir to the throne.  It is probably notable that this is written as “one book says”.  Also, recall that dates were still somewhat problematic at this time.  They were based on the regnal years of the monarch or the dates according to the sexagesimal cycle, either of which could have been off, particularly at this time, in different sources.  I suspect that the fact that they mention it as “one book says” indicates that even the compilers of the Nihon Shoki weren't quite sure that this was in the right spot, but it was an account of what did eventually happen—just not until two years later.  This position is bolstered by the fact that the next account talks about how Azumi no Muarji no Tsuratari had returned from what was apparently another trip to the Western Seas and Baekje, just a year after the previous.  Again, this could be the same expedition, with accounts misplacing the dates, or with dates according to when he left and others when he arrived back.  Still, it brings us yet another omen. Apparently, around this point, Baekje had been successful against Silla.  This is a good reminder that Baekje was not exactly an innocent bystander in everything that had happened.  King Wicha was rather famous in his own day, seen as a paragon of courage, largely because he was taking the fight to Silla, often allying with Goguryeo to block Silla from their access to the Tang and others.  Silla, who had been adopting Tang culture and style, and even claimed some distant descent from ethnic Han immigrants during the time of the Han commandries on the peninsula, were still able to forge close ties with the Tang, who seemed to preference them over Baekje and Goguryeo.  This may have been part of the general diplomatic game of the Middle Kingdom going back to the Han times, where they would often look to ally with those states beyond the immediate border states, so that those on their immediate border would have to defend themselves on two fronts.  This was likely more aimed at Goguryeo than Baekje, at least initially, but the alliance meant that Baekje, whom the Tang regularly chastised for their actions against Silla, was also in the crosshairs. However, up through 658, it seems Baekje's actions were largely successful.  Both the Baekje and Silla annals mention attacks by Baekje against the country of Silla in the following year, which otherwise correlate with the record in the Nihon Shoki.  Here we should remember that the author of the Samguk Sagi, which preserved these records, was writing centuries later, and had a clear pro-Silla bias.  There are several years missing from the Baekje annals at this time, but the idea that Baekje was attacking Silla is hardly controversial.  In the Silla Annals, in 659,  we also get word that Silla sent envoys to the Tang court protesting Baekje's aggression and asking the Tang court for aid.  Aid that would soon come, unbeknownst to others—even Silla wasn't quite sure until they showed up. And this is likely why the Nihon Shoki records a strange incident in Baekje, where a horse, of its own accord, started circling the Golden Hall of a Buddhist temple in the Baekje capital, continuing day and night, and stopping only to graze.  In some regions, walking around a sacred temple or stupa was considered a particular form of prayer, and perhaps the horse knew something and was trying to make merit.  In the text we are told explicitly what this meant:  the downfall of Baekje was nigh, and it would fall in the coming year, 660.  In a similar fashion, the Baekje annals, and the Samguk Yusa, likely pulling from the same sources, go through a series of omens, from birds to fish, to various ghosts, all saying that Baekje was about to fall.  The annals at this point paint Wicha as consumed with the material world and debauchery, likely a largely later indictment to add a moral explanation to the events that would soon occur. In Yamato, there were other omens as well.  Things were not entirely well in the Yamato capital.  Remember, this was Takara Hime's second reign, and her son was fully grown, himself, so she was no spring chicken.  On the 13th day of the 7th month of the year 659, she had the ministers expound the Urabon sutra in all the temples in Asuka and had a requital made to the ancestors for 7 generations.  We are also told that in that same year, the Miyatsuko of Izumo was made to repair the Itsuki god's shrine.  I have to wonder if these were to help make merit, or were just regular occurrences, but we are also told that fox bit at the head of a creeper that a man was carrying and ran off with it, and a dog found a dead man's hand and forearm and dropped them at Ifuya shrine.  The chroniclers claim these omens were not about Baekje, but rather about Takara Hime herself—claiming that she was not long for this world. It is good to remember that it is only now that we can look back and see where things were leading.  At the time, nobody really knew what the future held, and business went on as normal.  The omens and portents were all well and good, but they are being interpreted after the fact.  There is no indication that people were telling Takara Hime that her time was about to come.  This is illustrated by the fact that there are plenty of regular accounts in here as well.  We have a few episodes that actually reference the “shiguma”—the polar bear or the brown bear—and Gogureyo.  The first is of Goguryeo merchants—likely part of an embassy—trying to sell a shiguma fur in the local markets for 60 pounds of floss silk, a price that was apparently laughable, as the market commissioner turned them down.  And here I'll digress briefly because this is rather a remarkable entry, even though it seems like almost nothing, because it demonstrates something we rarely see but often suspect.  For all that the ambassadors to various courts were performing their diplomatic functions, they were also there to trade.  This is part of how they funded the journey.  They would bring some goods for the court and the sovereign, of course, and hopefully get as much or more in return.  But they would also trade in the local markets.  This is probably part of what the embassy to the Tang was doing when they made landfall and then stayed put for a month or so.  I suspect they were working with the local government to ship off the tribute, but also availing themselves of the local markets.  You didn't necessarily exchange currency, but you would sell your trade goods and that would likely help fund the embassy for the time they were in the country, at least for anything the host nation didn't provide. It is also interesting that we talk of a market commissioner.  We've mentioned markets before, and their existence is likely more than just a random assortment of shops with goods to sell.  They were overseen by local officials, and they would have been regulated to some extent by the larger state, probably with taxes and other goods making their way up to the government.  I don't know that we have a clear idea of what it looked like until later, and so an entry like this just gives us a little hint at what was going on in the day to day administration of the entire country. Continuing with the shiguma theme, apparently a painter named Komaro—a Japanese name, but he's described as a “Goguryeo” painter, which could mean that he trained in Goguryeo, or came from there and changed his name.  It is also possible, I supposed, that he was simply trained in the Goguryeo style.  Anyway, he was apparently quite successful because he entertained guests from his own uji—his own surname—and so borrowed 70 official shiguma skins for them to sit on.  Apparently this was a garish display that left the guests astonished and ashamed to even be part of the event, so they went away. So sitting on fur rugs was apparently not a thing to do—or perhaps just not that many.  But I would note that he apparently borrowed them from the government—they were “official” after all.  So what was the government doing with them?  They were probably tribute from the Emishi in the north, or perhaps just the result of regular trade.  And Komaro must have had some pull to be able to request them for his own private use.  Unfortunately, I don't have any further details, so we are left to guess at most of the rest. But we do continue on with the Goguryeo theme in the following year, the first month of 660, with envoys from Goguryeo arriving in Tsukushi.  They likely had no idea that while they were in Yamato, big changes were about to take place back on the peninsula.  It would take them four months to get to Naniwa, arriving on the 8th day of the 5th month.  They couldn't have known everything that was happening on the peninsula, behind them. And that's because it was in the third month of tha year that Tang Gaozong commanded Su Dingfang, along with Kim Inmun and Liu Boying, to take 130,000 land and see troops to subdue Baekje.  They landed at Teongmul islands, west of Baekje, and, word having reached their court, the King of Silla sent the renowned general Kim Yusin in charge of a force of 50,000 troops to lend their support.  Kim Yusin was a veteran of fighting between Baekje and Silla, and he had already face the enemy on the battlefield, but now he had the aid of the Tang troops. King Wicha had heard of their advance, and asked his court for advice.  One suggestion was to try to crush the Tang soldiers as soon as they came ashore—force them to stay on their boats and destroy them before they could get on land and organized.  Another suggested that the Tang army, for all its size, was built for speed and a decisive victory.  If Baekje could simply harry them long enough, it would wear them down, and they would have to return.  They could then turn their sights on Silla, an enemy they knew how to deal with. One noble, Heungsu, who had been out of favor in the court, and even exiled at one point, offered his advice—that they should fortify the Baek river and Tanhyeon Pass, so that they could not approach.  It would be a near suicidal task, but brave soldiers could defend those narrow points against larger forces, since they would be forced to engage with fewer forces at a time.  Heungsu was ridiculed, however, and his ideas were abandoned. Instead, they devised a scheme whereby they would let the Tang ships enter the river, until they could only go two abreast, and then they would attack them from the shore and destroy them.  Likewise, at the pass, rather than fortifying it, as suggested, they would wait in ambush until the Tang forces could not maneuver, and they would then destroy them as well.  This seemed like a plan, and it was given to the general Kyebaek to carry out. At first, it looked like it would work.  General Kyebaek took five thousand soldiers to Hwangsan as soon as the heard that the Silla soldiers were advancing through the pass.  They engaged the Silla forces four separate times, defeating Silla each time.  However, every assault took its toll.  The five thousand troops could not prevail against a force 10 times their size, and eventually they were wiped out, along with general Kyebaek.  Without opposition, the Silla forces met up with the Tang, and the two armies joined forces.  They actually were able to use the mountainous terrain, which otherwise would have been used to keep them out, to their own advantage.  Eventually they were able to advance on the capital.  The Baekje forces fought to exhaustion, but they were outmatched by the Tang-Silla alliance.  Eventually, they marched on the city, and King Wicha knew that they would be defeated. Four years before this, an official had spoken up against King Wicha, and had been thrown in prison, where he died, emaciated.  However, before he died he offered advice that if an enemy were ever to come, the army should be deployed to the passes and to the upstream banks of the rivers, and that no enemy should be allowed to pass those points.  Looking at the enemy at his gates, King Wicha regretted that he had not listened to that advice.  He grabbed his son and fled to the northern border of Baekje while Su Tingfang and the combined forces besieged the capital.  He sought refuge at Ungjin fortress, in modern Kongju.  This all happened in the 7th lunar month of the year 660. With King Wicha fled, along with the crown prince, his second son, T'ae, declared himself king and led the defense of the city.  However, several others of King Wicha's sons looked at this and were afraid that it now didn't matter what happened.  If T'ae defended the city, then they would be next on his hit list, as they were clearly his rivals to power, and if the Tang defeated them, well, it didn't look good, either.  So they and their retainers all fled the city as well.  This sparked a mass exodus as other citizens tried to do the same, and T'ae could not stop them.  Eventually, the forces weakened, Su Tingfang took the city and raised the Tang banners.  T'ae opened the gates and pleaded for his life.  When King Wicha heard all of this, he knew there was no escape.  He and his sons surrendered themselves and the fortresses to the Tang-Silla alliance.  He and his sons, and many of his people, were taken captive and taken back to the Tang court, where the Yamato ambassadors saw them being paraded around. Now the king may have been captured, but Baekje was not completely subdued.  A few of the remaining citizens held out hope that they could gather their forces and kick out the Tang and Silla and take back their country.  They knew that, although most of the royal family was captured there was still one more:  Prince Pung.  Prince Pung, as you may recall from previous episodes, was residing in Yamato, a royal hostage—or perhaps more of a restrained guest.  The rebels acknowledged him as their king and sent word to Yamato asking that he come back, along with reinforcements, and retake the kingdom.  In the meantime, they gathered and fought as they could, wearing down the Tang and Silla forces.  The rebels, after all, knew the land, and the invaders were still reliant on their supply lines.  This situation persisted for several years. Back in Yamato, in the 5th month of 660, they still were likely unaware of what had happened on the peninsula.  There was no social media to alert them to the dangers, and it would still be a few months before the Baekje capital actually fell.  They were busy entertaining the envoys from Goguryeo, or preparing 100 raised seats an one hundred kesa, or Buddhist vestments, for a Benevolent King ritual.  They were focused on their wars in the north, with the Mishihase, which they had been successful in Praising Abe no Hirafu for his successful campaign.  There is one record that says that in the 5th month people started carrying weapons around with them for no good reason, because they had heard of the destruction of Baekje, but that hadn't actually happened yet, so this is likely out of place—possibly by a couple of years. There is a note about the destruction of Baekje in the 7th month, but that is from the “Records of the reigns of Japan” or Nihon Seiki, a work that is no longer extant that was apparently written by a Goguryeo priest, who noted Baekje's destruction in his history, but this was probably not exactly information available to Yamato at the time.  And no, I don't want to gloss over the fact that we are given another source that was likely being used by the Chroniclers.  I want to delve into the fact that this was by a Goguryeo priest, known in Japanese as Doken.  I want to talk about how this work pops up throughout the reigns of Saimei, Tenchi, and apparently even in the Fujiwara Kaden.  It seems like he was close to Nakatomi no Kamatari and the Fujiwara house, which probably explains how he had access to the events mentioned and why his work was known.  However, I don't really have time for all of that because we are trying to focus on what was happening with Baekje and what was happening Yamato at the time. And in Yamato it wasn't until the 9th month that word finally arrived via a Buddhist novice named “Kakchyong”, according to Aston.  He carried word of the defeat, but also word that Kwisil Poksin had taken up arms and was leading a rebellion against Tang and Silla control.    The royal city, which some records say had fallen in mere days, was once more under Baekje control, according to the word that reached Yamato.  It does seem that Poksin held it for a time, but they weren't able to set in for any kind of prolonged fight in any one spot.  It seems that the fighting was going back and forth, and the rebels were remaining on the move while fighting actions against the invading forces.  Poksin had apparently captured some of the enemy troops, though, and sent them to Yamato, possibly as tribute and payment for future reinforcements, and possibly to demonstrate their victories. And if that was the case, it seemed to have worked.  Takara Hime agreed to help Baekje.  She agreed to send troops, commanding them to go from a hundred directions and meet up in Sateok—likely meaning that this was an emergency deployment and rather than everyone gathering in Kyushu and heading over together, they were getting there as fast as they could, however they could, to try and come to Baekje's aid.  She also released Prince Pung to return as well, and basically named him the King of Baekje herself.  As for Takara Hime and the main force, they moved first to Naniwa and gathered there.  She was considering going on to Tsukushi and then traveling with the bulk of the navy from there. Omens were also coming in, and it wasn't good.  In the province of Suruga, they built a boat, but apparently, overnight, the bow and stern switched places, which the Chroniclers saw as a bad omen.  And then there were a swarm of insects reported in Shinano as coming from a westerly direction.  Another bad sign, especially given that Tang and Silla were both west of Yamato. Although they started preparing in the 9th month of 660, it took them until the first month of 661 to have the royal ship ready to go.  It is likely that much of what was happening was not just a waiting navy putting to sea, but rather there were emergency build orders to build or repair ships and make them ready for the crossing and eventual attack.  The royal ship made its through the Seto Inland Sea, past Bizen, the nearer part of ancient Kibi, and on to Iyo, on Shikoku.  They seem to have had a few setbacks in their journey, and it wasn't until the 5th month that they reached the Asakura palace, though to be in Chikuzen, in Tsukushi, aka northern Kyushu.  The month before, Poksin had written and asked to wait upon the prince, which I suspect was a polite way of asking when the reinforcements would finally arrive. Unfortunately, at Asakura, disaster struck.  The Chroniclers claim this was because they had cleared sacred trees in order to make room for the palace and the kami were none to pleased.  The palace itself was demolished and several notable people, including the Grand Treasurer, took ill and died.  Not a great start to things.  It was here that they met up with the envoys coming back from Chang'an who no doubt told them about their house arrest and everything else.  On top of this, we are told that in the 6th month Prince Ise, of whom little more is given, died, and then, a little more than a month later, he was followed by the sovereign herself: Takara Hime. I suspect that Prince Ise may have been one of Takara Hime's sons, possibly in line for the throne, otherwise, why make mention of his death.  However, Takara's passing would have no doubt thrown the war plans into disarray.  It is quite likely that she wasn't actually the one doing most of the heavy lifting—in all likely that was her son, Prince Naka no Oe, who was handling a lot of that.  But still, the death of the sovereign just before you head off to war, was not great.  They had to send a funeral procession back to Naniwa and Asuka.  Prince Naka no Oe accompanied it as far as the Iwase Palace, but didn't go all the way back.  As the procession headed for Naniwa, he composed a poem: Longing as I do For a sight of thee Now that I have arrived here, Even thus do I long Desirous of a sight of thee! Prince Naka no Oe had just lost his sovereign and his mother, and he was now fully in charge of the armada headed to try and relieve Baekje.  He would have to continue the plans while Takara Hime's remains headed back to Asuka.  The funeral procession arrived in the 10th month, and her body was put in temporary interment for at Asuka-gahara as 9 days of mourning began.  Her son, however, would continue to mourn from afar.  He put on white clothing—a symbol of purity and associated with funerals and death, at least in Buddhist tradition. He had no time, though.  By the 8th month, Prince Naka no Oe was sending Adzumi no Hirafu no Omi and Kawabe no Momoye no Omi, as generals of the Front Division, while Abe no Hirafu no Omi and Mononobe no Muraji no Kuma took up the mantle of generals of the rear division.  They sent men, along with arms and grain to help relieve the Baekje forces. After sending the initial forces to make way, in the 9th month he conferred a cap of woven stuff on Prince Pung, indicating his high rank in the Yamato court, and gave to him as a wife, the sister of a high ranking court official.  He then sent him off, with the help of Sawi no Muraji no Ajimasa and Hada no Miyatsuko no Takutsu, along with 5,000 troops to escort him back.  They made it to Baekje and were able to meet up with Poksin and their forces. On the Korean peninsula, one of the strategic objectives of the Tang was to create a foothold on the peninsula so that they could finally take out the Kingdom of Goguryeo.  That year was particularly cold, and apparently Tang forces tried to invade Goguryeo again, attacking with siege weapons and other war machines.  The Goguryeo soldiers fought valiantly, but appear to have reached a stalemate. In 662, some of the Yamato material started appearing for Poksin.  It included 100,000 arrows, 500 kin of raw silk, 1000 kin of floss silk, 1000 tan of cloth, 1000 hides of leather, and 3000 koku, or over 15,000 bushels, of seed rice.  The next month, he sent another 300 tan of silk to the king.  The Silk may not make much sense, but it would have likely been a form of currency that they could use to purchase other goods, and it could be used for clothing.  The leather may have even been useful for armor and other accoutrements.   But mostly, this was probably economic aid, outside of the 100,000 arrows.  That same month, the 3rd month of 662, the Tang-Silla alliance was trying to body Goguryeo,  and Goguryeo reached out for aid.  Yamato troops were reportedly sent to help, and the attacks against Goguryeo were blunted.  This really was, now, the Goguryeo-Baekje-Yamato alliance against the Tang-Silla alliance. Poksin and the rebels had holed up in a place called Chuyu, which they were using as their base of operations.  King Pung had arrived, and Poksin was officially made his Minister, but they decided to move out from Chuyu.  It was fine for defense, but the land was not fertile, and they wanted to establish a base where they apparently had more resources, so they found Phisyeong, with rivers to the north and west, and large earthworks to the south and east.  It had fertile land for growing crops, which could then feed the army. However, one of the veterans pointed out the Phisyeong was less than a day's march from their enemies' encampment, and it would be a simple nights march and the army could be at their doorstep.  Chuyu, for all it was not the most appealing place, was much more defensible.  In the end, though, they decided that they would move the capital to Phisyeong. In the 2nd month of the following year, in 663, Silla troops were ravaging southern Baekje, setting fire to the land, possibly trying to starve out any resistance. Sure enough, they moved in close to Phisyeong, and King Pung and his troops realized they were in danger, and moved back to the defensive position of Chuyu.  In the following month, the Yamato and Baekje forces began to take the fight to Silla.  They advanced on Silla territory with 27,000 troops.  They took some cities and fortresses. As all of this was going on, King Pung was beginning to wonder about Poksin and his loyalties.  After all, Poksin had been running things before Pung showed up, and why wouldn't he think he could run things just fine without Pung once this was all over?  He had raised the soldiers, right?  So who would they be loyal to?  Would they be loyal to Pung, who barely knew Baekje, having lived for so long in Yamato.  Or would they be loyal to Poksin, who had rallied them together at the brink of defeat? And so in the 6th month he conferred with his other ministers.  Now it isn't stated in the text, but I suspect that his other ministers were Baekje nobles, and Poksin, well, there really isn't much indication that he had started this out as a man of high station.  They all agreed that Poksin should be dealt with, and so Pung had Poksin taken into custody and beheaded. Now I don't know if it needs to be said, but putting your own top general to death in the middle of a war is not exactly the best thing for morale.  Silla heard about it, and made plans to attack, hoping to catch Baekje offguard.  Baekje heard about it, and they also knew that about 10,000 reinforcements were supposed to be arriving soon from Yamato.  Those were reinforcements that could turn the tide of any fight.  They just needed to make it up the Baek river, known in Japanese as the Haku-suki-no-e. The Silla and Tang troops surrounded the fortress of Chuyu, and Baekje desperately needed the reinforcements from Yamato.  The Tang navy had 170 ships sitting at the mouth of the Baek River, ready to prevent any reinforcements from getting in.  On the 17th day of the 8th month, according to the Nihon Shoki, the first ships of the Yamato fleet arrived, but they could make no headway against the Tang forces.  Based on other records, it appears that the Yamato fleet swelled to more than 400 ships, well over twice the size of the defending Tang navy.  They attacked at least four separate times, but despite their smaller size, the Tang ships had the advantage of the terrain, using the narrowing at the river, and they also had superior tactics.  Although the Yamato soldiers fought ferociously, they couldn't move the Tang fleet. Speaking of fighting, let's talk about what it meant.  There were no cannons or anything like that.  It is likely that the projectile weapons of the day were arrows, and based on the ship designs, it was likely that ships would need to get close and grapple with each other so that soldiers could actually do the fighting.  In this way, ships were like floating battlefields.  If you could burn the ships, then that was something, but fire would also be a danger to your own wooden vessel.  And so it is likely that ships would have to engage with each other and effectively let the other side grapple if you wanted to fight, unless you just wanted to exchange arrows. After being repulsed four times, ten days after they had first engaged, the Tang vessels finally counterattacked.  They were able to swarm out and envelope the right and left flanks or the Yamato ships.  Four hundred ships were burned and sent to the bottom of the sea.  The Yamato forces were unable to break through the blockade and had to turn around.  The Battle of Haku-suki-no-e was a total defeat, and only ten days later, Chuyu fell.  King Pung was able to escape, fleeing to Goguryeo, but the writing was on the wall: The Kingdom of Baekje would never be reconstituted.  The Yamato forces departed the continent and headed back to the archipelago.  They met up at Honye on the 24th day of the 9th month and started out for the archipelago on the following day, eventually returning to Yamato, along with some of the Baekje nobles and ministers who had fled with them. The results of this defeat were resounding.  The battle of Haku-suki-no-e, known in Korean as the Battle of Baekgang, or the Battle of the Baek River, would change the political landscape.  The Tang-Silla alliance would eventually continue to pressure Goguryeo, and the dictator, Yeong Gaesomun, would die three years later, in 666.  He had held out against Tang and Silla, but with his death, there was a moment of chaos as an internal struggle broke out in the Goguryeo court.  The divisions this caused weakened the country, which fell to the Tang-Silla alliance in 667. With both Goguryeo and Baekje gone, suddenly Silla was now the country on the Tang empire's borders.  Without their shared enemies, there was not longer an alliance between the two, and Silla would push back against the Tang.  The Tang held out on the peninsula for another decade, but without Silla support, it became too costly to continually ship supplies to the troops.  Silla was eventually able to force the Tang forces off of the peninsula, and thus began the period on the Korean peninsula known as Unified Silla, where Silla ruled all of the what is now north and south Korea. In the archipelago, in the aftermath of their ally's defeat, there was worry in the Yamato court.  They were afraid that the Tang empire would come after them, next, and they began building fortresses from Tsukushi all the way along Kyushu and the Seto Inland sea area.  These are peninsular style fortresses, often using earthworks and walls that were built up around the tops of mountains, using the terrain.  A large earthwork was put up between the coast and the Dazaifu, in case Tang troops landed in Hakata bay.  Today, many of these earthworks still exist.  Some were even repurposed for gun emplacements in the lead up to what would become World War II, as they were still highly defensible positions. The feared invasion never came, and the fortresses would eventually be abandoned, but they are still a testament to just how seriously Yamato took this threat. Next up, we'll take a look at Naka no Oe's reign.  Naka no Oe is known in the Chronicles as Tenchi Tennou, the sovereign of Heavenly Wisdom.  We'll talk about that some more as we get into his time on the throne.  Since 645 he had been a force in the Yamato court, but he had not taken the throne at a younger age.  Now, however, his power seemed secure.  He took the throne upon his mother's death, and we'll talk about that and more in future episodes. Until then, thank you once again for listening and for all of your support. If you like what we are doing, please tell your friends and feel free to rate us wherever you listen to podcasts.  If you feel the need to do more, and want to help us keep this going, we have information about how you can donate on Patreon or through our KoFi site, ko-fi.com/sengokudaimyo, or find the links over at our main website,  SengokuDaimyo.com/Podcast, where we will have some more discussion on topics from this episode. Also, feel free to reach out to our Sengoku Daimyo Facebook page.  You can also email us at the.sengoku.daimyo@gmail.com.  Thank you, also, to Ellen for their work editing the podcast. And that's all for now.  Thank you again, and I'll see you next episode on Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan

Join us as we welcome Kuma Roberts, the CEO and President of the Black Wall Street Chamber of Commerce, for an insightful conversation about the vital role chambers of commerce play in fostering business growth and community engagement. We'll explore the historical context and the unique missions of the Black Wall Street Chamber of Commerce, shedding light on how they support black entrepreneurs both locally and nationally. Kuma provides a compelling perspective on how these chambers navigate the intricacies of business advocacy while honoring the legacy of the original Black Wall Street.In our discussion, we address the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead for the Black Wall Street Chamber of Commerce. With limited resources, this chamber finds itself competing with larger organizations, yet it remains steadfast in its mission. We highlight potential growth strategies, such as state appropriation for tourism, revenue-sharing agreements, and partnerships that could bolster Greenwood's revitalization. Additionally, Kuma shares details about the chamber's programming, including the NEST entrepreneurship program and collaborations aimed at supporting startup entrepreneurs.As we explore the operations and strategic planning behind running a Chamber of Commerce, you'll gain a better understanding of the complexities involved in managing diverse groups and aligning with community values. We also tackle the nuances of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion work within organizations and emphasize the importance of genuine commitment over superficial efforts. Finally, learn how you can support the Black Wall Street Chamber through various membership levels and partnerships, reinforcing the chamber's impactful initiatives in Tulsa and beyond.Check them out online at : https://www.bwschamber.com/

01. Fiji Blue-Start Over02. tayori - 夢遊03. Roosevelt - Yr Love04. Khalid-Adore U05. Poolside _ Amo Amo - Around The Sun06. Elderbrook-If You Want Somebody07. Elijah Woods - We Should Stick Together08. Harrison Storm - Be Slow09. David Kushner - Empty Bench10. CHPTRS _ Marie Hines - You Changed Everything

Nous recevons: Arnaud Di Clemente programmateur du Temple au Cully Jazz + les Jumeaux Club à Lausanne, Tigran Hamasyan pianiste ingénieux et arménien, The Bird of Thousand Voices, son dernier album, Louise Knobil bassiste vaudoise, a joué vendredi dernier à Cully – cite Boris Vian, Charles Mingus avec ses “knodiscipbles” Chloé Marsigny et Vincent Andreae, Kuma représenté par Arnaud Donnot, saxophoniste, qui jouera samedi au Next Step Le projet HEMU ft. Uri Caine une réunion autour de Ravel et ses sortilèges. On entendra Uri Caine et Joanna Lazzarotto ainsi que Thomas Dobler, professeur de vibraphone jazz à la Haute Ecole de Musique

For this really interesting 2v1, the Gemades visit to talk about the rare opportunity for Shater to play for the Al Shabab U-15 side in Saudi Arabia...It's a long way from Atlanta to the Middle east and they discuss the growing pains and the experience on the field and off...

Jon Nelson takes you through the Week in Review on SDH AM. Hear from FC Dallas PBP Ryan Figert about this weekend's match with Atlanta United, Daniel Sperry of the Kansas City Star talks about the legacy of Peter Vermes, and meet Shater Gemade of Al Shabab U15's and his dad Kuma to learn about his journey from Atlanta to playing in Riyadh.

Satiec savu meistaru – stabila tradīcija amatniecībā, par kuras meistarklasēm un jaunām prasmēm, ko varēs apgūt aprīlī, pārrunājam Kultūras rondo.     Par pasākumu, kura pirmās norisies būs jau 4. aprīlī, stāsta Linda Rubena,Tautas lietišķās mākslas eksperte Latvijas Nacionālajā  kultūras centrā, Santa Grīnberga, Tautas lietišķās mākslas studijas „Saiva” vadītāja Ogrē, un folkloras kopas „Savieši” vadītāja Liene Kņaze. Santa Grīnberga arī vadīs aušanas meistarklasi. Šogad runās par krāsu maiņu audumā, par to, kā iegūt audumu tādu, kā esat iedomājušies, kā to noaust. Savukārt Liene Kņaze piedāvā arheoloģiskā zvejas tīkla darināšanas meistarklases. Tas atšķiras no klasiskā un pierastā tīkla darināšanas principa, kur "met acis", bet ir pīšanas tehnikā veidots tīkls. Jau 17. reizi aprīlī visā Latvijā norisināsies ikgadējais pasākums “Satiec savu meistaru!”, kura laikā ikviens interesents aicināts doties pie meistariem iepazīt un izmēģināt dažādas tradicionālo amatu prasmes, kā arī dziļāk izprast mūsu kultūrvēstures nozīmi. Latvijas Nacionālā kultūras centra (LNKC), pašvaldību un amatu meistaru kopīgi rīkotais pasākums “Satiec savu meistaru!” šogad pulcēs meistarus un to “mācekļus” vairāk nekā 200 norišu vietās: 5. un 6. aprīlī Kurzemē un Zemgalē; 12. un 13. aprīlī Vidzemē un Sēlijā; 26. un 27. aprīlī Rīgā un Latgalē.   Plašāka informācija par šī gada “Satiec savu meistaru!” aktivitātēm un pieteikšanos tām pieejama internetā.

Miliyoyin jama'ar da suka yi imani da Allah da manzanninsa, na rayuwa a Jamus da yawan su ya haura miliyan shida. Kuma kasancewar su marasa rinjaye, bai hana da dama daga cikin su tafiyar da addininsu a cikin tsanaki ba ciki kuwa har da ibadunsu a cikin watan Azumin ramadana.

Ayetlerde ve hadislerde insanların Allâh (c.c.)'dan, onun zikrinden ve ayetlerinden gafil olmamaları istenmiş, gafil kalple yapılan duânın kâbul edilmeyeceği belirtilmiştir. Bu konuda hayatlarıyla bizlere en güzel örnek teşkil eden Peygamberler ve Allâh (c.c.) dostlarından bazı menkıbeler aşağıda nakledilmiştir; Musa (a.s.) hastalandı ve karnının ağrısı iyice şiddetlendi de hâlini, Cenâb-ı Allâh'a arzetti. Allâh (c.c.) da ona, sahradaki bir otu gösterdi. O da, ondan yedi de, Allâh (c.c.)'ın izniyle şifa buldu. Sonra, bir başka zaman bu hastalık ona tekrar musallat oldu. Bunun üzerine, aynı otu yedi. Fakat hastalığı arttı. Hastalığı, artınca şöyle dedi: “Ya Râbbî, ilk önce bu otu yedim ve ondan faydalandım. İkinci defa onu yediğimde ise, hastalığım arttı” Bunun üzerine Cenâb-ı Hâkk şöyle buyurdu: “Çünkü sen, birincide seni ota sevkeden ben idim, böylece onda şifa meydana geldi. İkincisinde ise, sen kendin ota gittin de, bunu müteakip hastalığın arttı. Bilmiyor musun ki, bütün dünya öldürücü zehir, onun panzehiri de benim ismimdir.” Râbiatü'l-Adeviyye, bütün geceyi teheccüd ve namaz ile geçirdi. Tan yeri ağarınca, uyudu. Derken, evine hırsız girdi. Elbiselerini aldıktan sonra, kapıya doğru yöneldi. Fakat kapıyı bulamadı. Bunun üzerine elbiseleri bıraktı, kapıyı da buldu. Bu işi üç defa tekrarladı. Bunun üzerine, evin köşe-bucağından, “Kumaşı bırak ve çık. Şayet seven uyuduysa, onun sultanı uyanıktır” diye nida edildi. Ariflerden birisi koyun otlatıyordu. Sürüsünün içinde, koyunlara zarar vermeyen kurtlar da bulunuyordu. Derken kendisine birisi uğrayarak, ona şöyle seslendi: “Ne zaman koyunlarla kurtlar anlaşma yaptılar?” Çoban şöyle dedi: “Bunları otlatan, Allâh (c.c.)'la sulh yaptığından beri!”. (Fahruddîn Er-Râzî, Tefsîr-i Kebîr Mefâtîhu'l-Ğayb,c.1,s.235)

Masu sauraro Assalamu Alaikum, barkanmu da sake haɗuwa cikin shirin Mu Zagaya Duniya, wanda ke waiwayar wasu daga cikin muhimman lamurran da suka wakana a makon da muka yi wa bankwana da shi. A farkon makon da muka yi bankwana, Shugaban Najeriya Bola Ahmed Tinubu ya kafa dokar ta ɓaci a jihar Rivers, ya kuma dakatar da gwamna da mataimakiyarsa da kuma dukkan ‘yan majalisun dokokin jihar na tsawon watanni shida.Tinubu ya ce ya ɗauki matakin ne biyo bayan rikicin siyasar da ya ƙi ci ya ƙi cinyewa a jihar, lamarin da ya kai ga karya doka da oda da kuma fara kai hari kan butun mai.

01. Dave Thomas Junior-Hue02. Olivia Dean - Dive03. Khalid - Adore U04. あいみょん-ざらめ05. Mat Kearney - Good Thing Going On06. Jess Glynne - Promise Me07. CHPTRS - Here's to Starting Over08. Mree - Atmosphere (Re-imagined)09. HUSH&曾国宏 (落日飞车)-另外一个梦想 (Another Dream)10. Fleurie - Summer Girl

現在開催中の、都内10エリアで開催される『Tokyo Creative Salon 2025』に、『「EXCESS」ー過剰性の時代に建築はAIと何ができる？ー』という展示をしている、『SEKISUI HOUSE – KUMA LAB』。こちらについて東京大学・SEKISUI HOUSE – KUMA LABのディレクターと特任講師をしていらっしゃる平野利樹さんに深掘りしていただきました！そして3/15に、この展示と連動したトークイベント「EXCESS」ー過剰性の時代に建築はAIと何ができる？ーにタカノとセレイナが参加！その模様をお届けしました！

Mu Zagaya Duniya,bitar wasu daga cikin muhimman lamurran da suka wakana a makon da muka yi wa bankwana,cikin labarun da shirin ya waiwaya aƙwai tattaunawar da aka yi tsaƙanin manyan hafsoshin tsaron Najeriya da Nijar da Burkina Faso da kuma Mali,sai danbarwar da aka shafe makon da ya ƙare ana gani tsakanin Shugaban Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya da ɗaya daga cikin Sanatoci zauren majalisar Mata, bayan da ta zarge shi da ƙoƙarin cin zarafinta ta hanyar nemanta da lalata.

01. Don Diablo _ Sandro Cavazza - Young Again02. Christian Kuria-Deep Green03. Ella Mai - Our Song04. Shallou - Face In the Crowd05. Khalid - It's All Good (Explicit)06. LAR _ Marg Pappas _ Fagin - Shadow Of A Doubt07. 陈奕迅 - 尘大师08. Bazzi - Somewhere In Between (Explicit)09. Delorians - Tattoo On Your Hand10. Mason Murphy - Monorail

The 2025 Frew annual deserves a stand alone review and we spend a good 70 minutes dissecting it. The theme for this years annual is a monster theme with 8 stories with a mixture of colour & black and white over 220+ pages. What do we like, what do we not like and what rating do we give it? Listen and or watch and find out. Do not remember to let us know what you agree and or disagree with. Annuals are nothing new from around the world with British comics publishing them in hardcover albums during the 1950's to the 1980's as well as other countries publishing them. Frew published their first annual in 1991 and it was an instant hit. Frew published their first one in 1991 and it was an instant hit. Rumours are that it sold out overnight and many collectors bought dozens as investments. Ever since, Frew has released an annual. Bar the odd year (3?), a replica edition of the Frew comics have been released. Loved by some and loathed by others but they are a staple along with the annual.Since the Frew Crew has stood in the gap left by Jim Shepherd, they have released themed annuals with War, artists, Girl Phantom, Cowboy Phantoms, Animals of Edan and now its The Phantom vs The Monsters.For those who want to cherry pick there way through the podcast, we have listed what we disscused and the time stamps. We would however suggest you listen / watch to the whole podcast ;)History & background of the Frew annuals: 2 MinutesOverall thoughts on the annual: 4 Minutes & 30 SecondsStories"The Ghost and the Wolves" by Andrew Constant and Jason Paulos: 17 Minutes & 30 Seconds"Nema" by Andrew Constant and Jason Paulos: 24 Minutes"Looking Back" by Andrew Constant and Giancarlo Caracuzzo: 29 Minutes"Golem" by Johan L. Borgnes and Hans Lindahl: 36 Minutes"Kuma the Creature" by Felmang: 40 Minutes & 30 Seconds"The Mummy's Curse" by Janne Lundström and Jaime Vallvé: 50 Minutes"The Vampire in Carpatia" by Ulf Granberg and Jaime Vallvé: 54 Minutes & 30 Seconds"Creature from the Black" by Dean Rankine and Marcelo Baez: 1 HourOur score of the annual: 1 Hour, 4 Minutes & 30 SecondsWe love comments and feedback from the Phantom phans from around the world. You can either email us, leave your comments at our YouTube Channel, and or leave them at our social media platforms in Facebook, Twitter and or Instagram. Make sure you stay with us and do not forget to subscribe and leave a review on our podcast and or our YouTube Channel. Support the show

Tambaya da Amsa,bisa al'adar shiri ne da ke zuwa muku da wasu amsoshin tambayoyin da masu sauraronmu suka aiko mana, Shin kome me ke kawo faduwar gaba? Jin tsoro ne ko kuma wata alama ce ta gazawar zuciya?

We follow up on the Public Spaces Bylaw, accelerating construction on the Valley Line West LRT, and the introduction of two new commissioners for the Edmonton Police Commission. Plus, the City of Leduc proposes to annex land from Leduc County, and we wrap up our Edmonton Food Faves series.Here are the relevant links for this episode:Public Spaces BylawSpeakers urge city councillors to ditch proposed public spaces bylawEdmontonians share concerns that public spaces bylaw targets city's most vulnerablePublic spaces bylaw: Edmonton police officers want clear rules, advocates fear harms to vulnerableValley Line West LRTEdmonton city council approves plan to speed up LRT constructionEdmonton fast-tracking LRT road work using full road closuresStony Plain Road businesses dreading expedited construction plan for Valley Line West LRTMajor road closures planned for Valley Line LRT west this yearOn the agenda: Public spaces bylaw, Valley Line West constructionEdmonton Police CommissionAlberta picks two new Edmonton police commissioners amid probe sparked by chief's complaint of 'bias' in city appointeesEdmonton police asked Alberta to intervene after city council appointed two commissioners. Documents show past criticism and allegations of 'bias' drove the request.Mayor Amarjeet Sohi's photoLeducsiana PurchaseCity of Leduc eyes southern boundary expansion with plan to annex nearly 2,500 hectaresCounty responds to City of Leduc's intent to annex landsRegional Roundup: Feb. 12, 2025Edmonton Food FavesEdmontonFoodFaves.caPrintable passport PDF2022 editionLinda HoangSharon YeoFrom the Taproot newsroomMajor streets set to change to give buses priorityUpcycler helps Kuma give old tents new lifeIntercultural pop-up part of Feed the Soul's evolutionRapid fireEdmonton police officers return to 6 public schools, more than 4 years after division halted programEnjoy the new sloth exhibit at the Edmonton Valley ZooSpeaking Municipally is produced by Taproot Edmonton, the most reliable source of intelligence about what's happening in the Edmonton region. Through curiosity-driven original stories, tailored and useful newsletters, a comprehensive and innovative events calendar, and thought-provoking podcasts, we inform, connect, and inspire a more vibrant, engaged, and resilient Edmonton region.Sign up to get The Pulse, our weekday news briefing. It's free! ★ Support this podcast ★

Shirin ‘Muhalllinka Rayuwarka' ya  na dubi ne kan batutuwan da ke da nasaba da muhalli, sauyin yanayi, da kuma noma da kiwo, kuma duk mako ya ke zuwa muku a wannan tasha, kuma a daidai wannan lokaci, tare da abokinku, Michael Kuduson.A wannan makon shirin ya mayar da hankali ne a kan noman kango ko kuma noman filin bayan gida wato Backyard Farming or Green House Farming a turance.

Shirin al'adunmu na gado tare da Abdoulaye Issa a wannan mako ya mayar da hankali ke kan al'adar shaɗi ko kuma Charo na sahun manyan al'adun ƙabilar fulani a ƙasashen Afrika ta yadda har sai wanda ya iya karɓaɓɓen shaɗi ke iya samun matar aure, yayinda a wasu lokutan ake gudanar da wannan al'adu a shagulgula don nishaɗi kuma jajirtacce shi ne jarumi.

The Consumer Electronics Show took place in Las Vegas earlier this week. One of the 4,000 companies exhibiting at the biggest tech of event of the year were Irish company Kuma Bikes. Newstalk's Technology Correspondent, Jess Kelly was there and caught up with the founder, Kevin Lacey.

01. Tokimeki Records&黒川沙良-そして僕は途方に暮れる (feat. 黒川沙良)02. Travis Atreo-Love Drunk03. KIRINJI - 再会04. John K-everything05. Mr.Children-Brand new planet06. SoulJa - A Song for You07. Mike Mains&The Branches-Gonna Get Through This08. Stephen Sanchez - This Thing Called Love09. Sam Fischer-I Got to Live10. Jeremy Zucker _ Chelsea Cutler - emily

Raidījuma uzmanības fokusā Ukraina, pareizāk sakot, karš Ukrainā un tas, kas notiek ap to. 19. novembrī pagāja jau 1000 dienas, kopš sākās Krievijas pilna mēroga iebrukums. Aktualitātes analizē Zemessardzes štāba virsnieks, majors Jānis Slaidiņš un Austrumeiropas politikas pētījumu centra pētniece, Rīgas Stradiņa universitātes Sociālo zinātņu fakultātes lektore Elīna Vrobļevska. Ierakstā uzklausām Dmitro Levus, politologu, sociālo pētījumu centra „Ukrainas meridiāns” direktoru.   Asiņainais krievu gliemezis Uzlūkojot Krievijas sagrābtās Ukrainas teritorijas platības izmaiņu grafikus visu pagājušo tūkstoš dienu periodā, jāsecina – turpinās pozīciju kara fāze, kas iestājās 2022. gada ziemas sākumā līdz ar Krievijas karaspēka atkāpšanos no Dņepras labā krasta pie Hersonas. Kopš tā laika frontes līnija kustējusies nedaudz, pie kam laikā starp 2023. un 2024. gada februāri kvantitatīvā izteiksmē pušu kontrolēto kvadrātkilometru apjoms vispār praktiski nav mainījies. Tomēr pēc tam iezīmējusies neiepriecinoša tendence – Krievijas bruņotajiem spēkiem ar smagiem pūliņiem un zaudējumiem vietām izdevies atspiest ukraiņus. Tāda virzīšanās gliemeža gaitā, atstājot aiz sevis plātu asiņainu sliedi. Šo virzību nespēja nozīmīgi ietekmēt arī Ukrainas augustā īstenotais pēkšņais un sekmīgais iebrukums Krievijas Federācijas Kurskas apgabalā. Kopumā šī gada laikā Krievija palielinājusi tās kontrolēto Ukrainas teritorijas daļu par apmēram diviem tūkstošiem kvadrātkilometru, pie tam apmēram ceturtā daļa no šiem ieguvumiem panākti pēdējo pāris nedēļu laikā. Tas licis dažiem medijiem izteikt apgalvojumus, ka Ukrainas bruņoto spēku fronte daudzviet brūkot. Visaktīvākais Krievijas spiediens joprojām ir Doņeckas apgabalā, kā arī Krievijas Kurskas apgabalā, no kurienes krievi mēģina izspiest tur nostiprinājušos Ukrainas spēkus. Kā zināms, šī gada jūnijā Krievijas vadonis Putins pirmoreiz izvirzīja Ukrainai konkrētas teritoriālas pretenzijas – Krievija vēlas atņemt Ukrainai pilnā apjomā Luhanskas, Doņeckas, Zaporižjes un Hersonas apgabalus. Pagaidām, arī ievērojot jaunāko attīstību, šādu mērķu sasniegšana militāriem līdzekļiem ir grūti iedomājama. Krievijas rokās gan ir teju viss Luhanskas apgabals, taču vairāk nekā trešdaļa Doņeckas apgabala joprojām ir Ukrainas kontrolē, tāpat nozīmīga daļa Zaporižjes un Hersonas apgabalu līdz ar abām apgabalu galvaspilsētām. Grūti pat aplēst, cik dzīvā spēka un tehnikas Kremlim vajadzētu sagādāt, lai ar līdzšinējo taktiku aizrāptos līdz tās vadoņa alktajam mērķim. Sagatavoja Eduards Liniņš.   Trampa miera plāns Ukrainai šajā karā ir jāuzvar – tā ir sacījuši gandrīz visu Rietumvalstu vadītāji, atbalstot Ukrainu cīņā pret agresoru. Tomēr realitātē palīdzība ir bijusi nepietiekama, un daudzi analītiķi saka, ka patiesībā vairākās valstīs nemaz negrib, lai Ukraina uzvarētu. Atbalsts ir sniegts vien tik daudz, lai Ukraina nezaudētu, un tāpēc turpinās gara un nogurdinoša asinsizliešana. Tomēr izskatās, ka līdz ar ASV prezidenta vēlēšanām situācija mainīsies. Donalds Tramps ir teicis, ka viņa primārais mērķis ir apturēt karu. Un ASV ir ietekmes sviras, lai to izdarītu. Kopš vēlēšanām nerimst spekulācijas, kas būs ASV piedāvājuma pamatā. Kā ticamākais scenārijs tiek minēts ultimāts abām pusēm sēsties pie sarunu galda un vienoties par pamiera nosacījumiem, pretējā gadījumā solot vai nu jebkādas palīdzības pārtraukšanu Ukrainai, vai arī dodot tai tādu palīdzību, kādu tā līdz šim nav nekad saņēmusi. Abām pusēm būtu septiņkārt jāpārdomā pirms pateikt Donaldam Trampam nē. Šis iespējamais tālāko notikumu scenārijs Eiropā raisa ļoti pretrunīgas emocijas. Pirmkārt, tas nozīmēs, ka Ukrainai, visticamāk, var nākties piekāpties un atstāt Krievijas kontrolē daļu, ja ne visas līdz šim Krievijas iekarotās teritorijas. Tas var raisīt ļoti saspringtu iekšpolitisko situāciju Ukrainā. Otrkārt, uguns pārtraukšana ļautu atgūties un nostiprināties Krievijai. Un tas savukārt rada milzīgu drošības risku visai Eiropai nākotnē. Tādēļ daudzas Eiropas valstis turpina sacīt, ka darīs visu iespējamo, lai Ukraina uzvarētu. 17. novembra vakarā pasauli pāršalca ziņa, ka arī aizejošais, bet vēl joprojām amatā esošais ASV prezidents Džo Baidens beidzot ir devis atļauju izmantot tālas darbības raķetes, lai Ukraina var apšaudīt militāros mērķus dziļāk Krievijas teritorijā. Tomēr, kā saka daudzi analītiķi, Rietumu palīdzība līdz ar kara sākšanos ir pastāvīgi bijusi pārāk novēlota. Arī šis ASV lēmums tika gaidīts ļoti ilgi, un diez vai vairs spēs būtiski mainīt notiekošo frontē. Jau pēc diviem mēnešiem Baltajā namā sāks saimniekot Donalds Tramps, turklāt viņš savu politiku ir apņēmies uzsākt realizēt vēl pirms inaugurācijas ceremonijas. Sagatavoja Aidis Tomsons.  

Ikara retreat center is located in the southern zone of Costa Rica.  Ikara is the western representative of Mboka A Nzambe -- one of the last traditional Bwete villages in Gabon.   King Adumangana of Mboka A Nzambe invited Kuma to join the African village and be initiated as a Miobe Nganga.  During his initiation, Kuma was taken deep into the Babongo territories (the home of the Babongo Pygmies) in Dibios to do his rite of passage Mweli before his initiation could be completed.   Kuma was the first westerner to be initiated for this great privilege.  King Adumangana wanted Kuma to be his advocate for the west and convey the knowledge, teachings, and spirituality of Bwete.   In this way, the main aim of Ikara is to screen people who may wish to visit Mboka A Nziambe in Gabon.  King Adumangana wants people to come and experience the traditional process of rebirth in its traditional manner.  Ikara offers traditional Babongo Miobe Ombudi Iboga ceremonies as taught by Spiritual Father King Adumangana.  All profits go directly to Mboka A Nzambe and the 7 Babongo villages supported in Dibois. For more information about the Ethos and offerings of these sacred and special places, please see:  https://www.ikararetreat.com/ Instagram:  https://www.instagram.com/ikararetreat/ This podcast is available on your favorite podcast platform, or here:  https://endoftheroad.libsyn.com/episode-301-kuma-bwenze-bweteibogareconciliationspiritual-possession Have a blessed weekend!

In an episode last summer, I covered my first autobiography about the story and works of Yoshihiro Takishita. Looking back at my catalog of podcasts, I found this to be one of the most insightful and enjoyable to listen to.For a few months now, I've been dwelling in the realm of ideas — about beauty, tradition, modernism — and have been itching to bring them down to a more practical, human level. There's no better place to start than to re-explore the genre of biography. The practitioners of architecture will no doubt have much to offer as I work on my Japanese farmhouse restoration.Today, Kengo Kuma will give us a tour of his finished works throughout Tokyo, which range from epic sports venues to regal museums to quaint confectionary shops. As arguably the greatest wood architect of his generation, he advocates for an architecture that respects and takes into account its surroundings — as opposed to obtrusive buildings that selfishly obscure their neighbors.Since my project is mostly a historic building restoration, the house should take its humble place within the neighborhood without much difficulty. However, I think Kuma can still offer inspiration in another area. Collapsed roofs and rotten columns will need full replacement, and there will be plenty of room to use new wood material in a creative (Kuma-influenced) way to bridge the old and the new.Local Japan Podcast is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.Books Mentioned In This Episode:When you purchase a book (or anything on Amazon) with the links below, you support me and the podcast at no extra cost to you:* My Life as an Architect in Tokyo* The Art of Japanese Joinery* Frank Lloyd Wright: An Autobiography* Frank Lloyd Wright by Ada Louise Huxtable* Brunelleschi's Dome: How a Renaissance Genius Reinvented Architecture PaperbackKengo Kuma's Works Mentioned* Japan National Stadium* Meiji Jingu Museum* Sunny Hills* Daiwa Ubiquitous Computing Research Building* Asakusa Tourist Information CenterLinks to More Resources:* How to Install a French Drain — Akiya Project YouTube* Learn Ikebana in Kobe (with me and a local expert!) on TripAdvisor* Lowering Your Basement on YouTube* Kengo Kuma* Shigeru Ban* Kazuyo Sejima* Kenzo Tange* Grand Morillon Student Residence at IHEID* Yoyogi National Stadium* Zaha Hadid* Meiji Jingu Shrine* Seiroku Honda* Antonin Raymond* Jigoku Gumi* University of Tokyo — Hongo Campus* Yoshikazu Uchida* Yoshichika Uchida* Frank Lloyd Wright's Imperial Hotel* Asakusa Shrine* Asahi Beer HeadquartersProducts Used For the Build* Hammer Drill Shovel Bit* Makita Hammer Drill This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit localjapan.substack.com/subscribe

We are here and ready to roll for the wrap up of the Moria and Oars fights. We are ready to take a breath now. Wait....Nope! Kuma is here and he is wreaking havoc on on an already demolished crew. His motives remain a mystery outside of just following orders, but let's worry about that later after the straw hats find a way to beat this monster. Next Week: Episodes 377-379

Judeu Ateu, Estranho, Luki, Gustavo Boxa e Izzo (Dentro da Chaminé) seguem com a tradição de falar dos arcos de One Piece quando eles concluem, e desta vez a conversa é sobre Vegapunk, Kuma, Gorousei, e tudo mais que transcorre em Egghead!No quadro Mangá Enquadrado, fazemos uma análise completa da obra ou arco, com spoilers!Apoie o AoQuadrado² no APOIA.seCronologia do episódio(00:00:00) One Piece: Egghead(01:46:45) Recomendação da Semana – Soara and Monster’s House

SPOILER WARNING!! Make sure to check out all our episodes on Spotify and Apple Podcast! New Episodes every Wednesday, Videos on Thursdays! Follow our guest @swimangieswim Make Sure to use our Link for 10% off your GFUEL order, and use code "spoilerwarning" at checkout for an additional 10% off! This week we have a special One Piece Manga talk episode. Martin leads the episode with Angie. They talk about who Imu might be and how strong Imu's power is. The Luffy vs Kizaru fight going crazy. They also talk about how Kuma has the saddest backstory in all of one piece. There is also talks about how the 5 elders coming to take down the straw hats during egg head. All leading up to escaping to Elbaf. --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/emory-villalovos/support

¡Nakamas! En este episodio, Imu pierde arrasa con Saturno. Vegapunk se mueve y si está vivo, como se suponia. Garling se apodera del liderazgo del Gorosei y las cosas se ponen intensas. Analizamos un poco que significa todo esto y nos preparamos para más acción. ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.instagram.com/sombrerosdepaja_podcast/ -⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Tiktok:⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠https://www.tiktok.com/@sombrerosdepaja_podcast⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Twitter:⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠https://twitter.com/SDP_podcast3D2Y⁠⁠

Struggling with persistent acne and feeling like nothing works? Maria Marlowe, founder and CEO of Kuma, shares her enlightening journey and expert insights on achieving clear, radiant skin through natural means. Learn about holistic approaches, the benefits of probiotics, and how to manage acne during pregnancy and postpartum.    WE TALK ABOUT:  14:00 - Maria's journey into holistic nutrition and skincare 18:00 - The lifestyle changes that helped clear out Maria's acne 22:00 - The root causes of acne: Diet, inflammation, and lifestyle factors 25:00 - Holistic approaches to treating acne, focusing on diet and lifestyle changes 34:00 - Understanding acne medications and their side effects 43:00 - The causes of acne during pregnancy: Diet and hormone changes 50:00 - Addressing baby skin concerns 53:00 - Discussing topical probiotic skincare products and their effectiveness 59:00 - The Kuma ingestible skincare line   SPONSORS:  Enhance your healthspan and boost your everyday cellular function with Mimio daily cell care. Use BIOHACKINGBRITTANY at checkout to save.    Your smile deserves a glycerin-free and fluoride-free toothpaste from Wellnesse. Use BIOHACKINGBRITTANY for 12% off.    RESOURCES: Optimize your preconception health by joining my Baby Steps Course today!   Optimize your preconception health and fertility through my free hormone balancing, fertility boosting chocolate recipe! Download it now! My Amazon storefront Maria Marlowe's website and Instagram Kuma's website   LET'S CONNECT: Instagram, TikTok, Facebook Shop my favorite health products Listen on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, YouTube Music

Ito-koku and Na-koku were the next two countries on the path of the Wei envoys noted in the Gishiwajinden.  They likely refer to the areas known today as Itoshima and Fukuoka, so what do we know about these places in the Yayoi period, and how is it that by the 3rd century Yamato seemed to have taken the foremost position on the archipelago and not one of these other countries, where wet paddy rice agriculture and other continental technologies first arrived in the archipelago. For more see our podcast blog post at: https://sengokudaimyo.com/podcast/itoandna Rough Transcript Welcome to Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  My name is Joshua, and this is Gishiwajinden Part Five: Ito-koku and Na-koku This episode we are finishing up our Gishiwajinden Tour, focusing on our journey to Ito-koku and Na-koku, or modern day Itoshima and Fukuoka. We'll talk about what we know from the records of these two areas in the Yayoi and early Kofun periods, and then look at some of the later history, with the development of the Dazaifu, the build up of Hakata and Fukuoka, and more.  A key thread through all of this will be our discussion about why it was Yamato, and not these early states, who eventually became paramount.  If this is where things like wet paddy rice agriculture started, and they had such close ties to the continent, including sending a mission to the Han dynasty, why did the political center shift over to Yamato, instead?  It is certainly something to wonder about, and without anything written down by the elites of Na and Ito we can only really guess based on what we see in the histories and the archaeological record. We ended our tour in Na for a reason: while the Gishiwajinden—the Japanese section of the Wei Chronicles—describes the trip from the continent all the way to Yamatai, the locations beyond Na are largely conjecture.  Did ancient travelers continue from Na along the Japan Sea coast up to Izumo and then travel down somewhere between Izumo and Tsuruga to the Nara Basin?  Or did they travel the Inland Sea Route, with its calmer waters but greater susceptibility to pirates that could hide amongst the various islands and coves?  Or was Yamatai on the island of Kyushu, and perhaps the name just happens to sound similar to the Yamato of Nara?  Unfortunately, the Wei Chronicles have more than a few problems with accuracy, including problems with directions, meaning that at most we have some confidence in the locations out to “Na”, but beyond that it gets more complicated.  And even “Na” has some questions, but we'll get to that later. Unlike the other points on our journey, we didn't stay overnight at “Ito-koku”, , and we only briefly stayed at Na—modern Fukuoka, but I'll still try to give an account of what was going on in both places, and drawing on some past visits to the area to fill in the gaps for you.   Both the Na and Ito sites are believed to be in the modern Fukuoka prefecture, in Itoshima and Fukuoka cities.  Fukuoka prefecture itself actually spans all the way up to the Shimonoseki straits and includes the old territory of Tsukushi—Chikuzen and Chikugo—as well as the westernmost part of Buzen, the “closer” part of the old land of “Toyo” on the Seto Inland Sea side of Kyushu.  When it comes to locating the country of Ito-koku, we have lots of clues from current place names.  The modern Itoshima peninsula, which, in old records, was known as the country of Ito, and was later divided into the districts of Ito and Shima.  Shima district, at the end of the peninsula, may have once been an island—or nearly so.  It is thought that there was a waterway between the two areas, stretching from Funakoshi bay in the south to Imazu Bay, in the north, in Fukuoka proper.  Over time this area was filled in with deposits from the local rivers, making it perfect for the Yayoi style wet rice paddy agriculture that was the hallmark of the growth in that period.  And indeed there are certainly plenty of Yayoi and Kofun era ruins in the area, especially in eastern reaches of the modern city of Itoshima, which reside in the valley that backs up to Mt. Raizan.  There you can find the Ito-koku History Museum, which tells much of the story of Ito. The Weizhi, or the Wei Chronicles, note that Ito-koku had roughly a thousand households, with various officials under their own Queen, making it one of the few Wa countries that the Chroniclers specifically noted as being a “kingdom”, though still under the nominal hegemony of the queen of Yamatai or Yamateg.  If you continue eastward along the coast from Itoshima, you next hit Nishi-ku, the Western Ward, of modern Fukuoka city, which now continues to sprawl around Hakata Bay.  Nishi-ku itself used to also be known as “Ito”, though spelled slightly differently, and you can still find Ito Shrine in the area. So was this part of Ito-koku also? It's very possible.   Na-koku, or the country of Na, was probably on the eastern edge of modern Fukuoka, perhaps around the area known as Hakata down to modern Kasuga.  Much like in Karatsu, this area features some of the earliest rice fields ever found in Japan – in this case, in the Itazuke neighborhood, just south of Fukuoka airport.  The land here is mostly flat, alluvial plains, formed by the rivers that empty out into Hakata Bay, another great area for early rice agriculture. Locating the country of Na is interesting for several reasons.  For one, unlike all of the other Wei Chronicles sites we've mentioned, there is no clear surviving placename that obviously matches up between “Na” and the local area.  It is a short enough name that it may simply be difficult to distinguish which “Na” is meant, though there is a “Naka” district in Kasuga that may show some promise.  There certainly is evidence for a sizeable settlement, but that's much more tenuous than the placenames for other areas, which remained largely in use in some form up to the modern day, it would seem. The name “Na” shows up in more than just the Weizhi, and it is also mentiond in the Houhan-shu, or the Record of the Later Han, a work compiled later than the Weizhi, but using older records from the Late Han dynasty period.  There it is asserted that the country of Na was one of the 99 some-odd countries of Wa, and they sent an embassy to the Later Han court, where they received a gold seal made out to the “King of Na of Wa”.  We talked about this in Episode 10: The Islands of the Immortals: That seal, made of gold, was seemingly found in the Edo period—1784, to be precise.  A farmer claimed to have found it on Shika island, in Hakata Bay, which is quite prominent, and connected to the mainland with a periodically-submerged causeway.  The description of the find—in a box made up of stones, with a large stone on top that required at least two men to move it—seems like it could have been an old burial of some kind.  The island certainly makes sense as an elite burial site, overlooking Hakata Bay, which was likely an important feature of the lifeways of the community.  While there have been questions about the authenticity of the seal, if it is a forgery, it is quite well done.  It looks similar to other Han era seals, and we don't really have a way to date the gold it is made of.  Without the actual context we can't be quite sure. This certainly seems like pretty strong evidence of the country of Na in this area, somewhere – probably not on the island itself, then close by.So unless something else comes along, I think we can say that this is at least the vicinity of the old country of Na.  Okay, so now that we've talked in general about where these two places were, let's go back and look at them in more detail. The Ito-koku site is just up the coast from where we stayed for Matsuro-koku, in Karatsu, which all makes sense from the position of the Chronicles in that it says the early envoys traveled overland from one place to the other.  Of course it also says they traveled southeast, which is not correct as the route is actually northeast.  However, they had traveled southeast from the Korean peninsula to Tsushima and then Iki and Matsuro, so that direction was well established, and this is an easy enough error that could have been made by the actual envoys or by later scribes, as it would be a one character difference. For Ito-koku, as with Matsuro-koku, we have no large, reconstructed sites similar to Harunotsuji on Iki or Yoshinogari, further inland in Saga prefecture, where we have an entire, large, so-called “kingly” settlement.  There is evidence of settlements, though, both near the major burial sites as well as around the peninsula.  And as for those burial sites, well, Ito has a few, and they aren't merely important because of their size.  Size is often an indication of the amount of labor that a leader must have been able to mobilize, and so it can be used to get a general sense of the power that a given leader or system was able to wield, as they could presumably turn that labor to other users as well. However, it is also important to look at other factors, like burial goods. What kind of elite material was the community giving up and placing with the deceased? That is the case with the first site we'll discuss, the Hirabaru burial mound.  At first glance it isn't much—a relatively unassuming square mound, about 12 by 14 meters, and less than 2 meters in height.  It was discovered in 1965 by a farmer who started digging a trench to plant an orchard and started pulling up broken pieces of a bronze mirror, one of the first clues that this was someone important.  They later found various post holes around the site, suggesting that it was more than just an earthen mound, and as they excavated the site they found pottery, beads, mirrors, and more. Let's start with those post-holes.  It looks like there was at least one large pillar set up due east of the burial.  We don't know how tall it was, but it was likely of some height given the size of the pillar hole—I've seen some estimates that it could have been up to 70 meters tall.  A tall pole would have provided visibility, and it may also be significant that it was east, in the direction of the rising sun.  We know that the ancient Wa had a particular connection with the sun, and this may be further evidence of that.  There are other holes that may be a gate, and possible a storehouse nearby, presumably for various ritual items, etc.  Suddenly, even without knowing exactly what was there, we start to see a picture of a large, manmade complex that seems to be centered on this burial and whomever is there. On top of that, there was a mirror in the tomb that was larger than any other ever found in Japan at that time—certainly the largest round mirror of that period.  It is not one of the triangular rimmed mirrors that Yamato is known for, but may have been part of another large cache brought over from the mainland.  About 40 mirrors in total, many of them very large, were found buried in the tomb, some of which appear to have been broken for some reason.  Furthermore, the large mirrors appear to fit within the dimensions given the Great Mirror—the Yata no kagami—housed at the sacred Ise Shrine.  There is a document in 804, the “Koutai Jingu Gishiki Chou”, detailing the rituals of Ise shrine, which describes the sacred mirror sitting in a box with an inner diameter of 1 shaku, 6 sun, and 3 bu, or approximately 49.4 centimeters, at least using modern conversions.  The same measurements are given in the 10th century Engi Shiki.  So we can assume that the mirror in Ise, which nobody is allowed to actually see, let alone measure, is smaller than that, but not by much, as the box would have been made to fit the mirror, specifically.  It isn't like you can just grab a box from Mirror Depot.  The mirrors found at Hirabaru Mound measure 46.5 centimeters, and have a floral pattern with an eight petaled flower on the back.  Could this mirror be from the same mold or the same cache, at least, as the sacred mirror at Ise?  At the very least, they would seem to be of comparable value.   In addition, there were many beads, jars, etc.  Noticeably absent from the burial were swords and weapons.  Based on this, some have argued that this was the burial of a queen of Ito-koku.  There is evidence that this may be the case, but I don't think the presence of weapons, or the lack thereof, is necessarily a good indicator. After all, we see in the old stories that women were also found wielding swords and leading troops into battle. So it's dangerous to make assumptions about gender based on this aspect alone. I wonder if the Hirabaru tomb assemblage might have more to do with something else we see in Yamato and which was likely applicable elsewhere in the archipelago: a system of co-rulership, where one role might have to do more with administrative and/or ritual practice, regardless of gender. This burial assemblage or mirrors and other non-weapons might reflect this kind of position. The Weizhi often mentions “secondary” or “assistant” positions, which may have truly been subordinate to a primary ruler, or could have just been misunderstood by the Wei envoys, who saw everything through their particular cultural stratification.  In a similar fashion, early European explorers would often name people “king”—from the daimyo of Sengoku era Japan to Wahunsenacawh, known popularly as “Powhatan” for the name of his people, on what would become known as North America.  That isn't to say that these weren't powerful individuals, but the term “king” comes with a lot of Eurocentric assumptions and ideas about power, stratification, etc.  Is there any reason to believe that the Wei envoys and later chroniclers were necessarily better at describing other cultures? And of course we don't have any physical remains of the actual individual buried there, either. However, there is a good reason to suggest that this may have been a female ruler, and that *is* because of something in the Weizhi, which specifically says that the people of Ito lived under the rule of a female king, aka a queen, using a description not unlike what is used for Queen Himiko.  In fact, Ito gets some special treatment in the record, even though it isn't the largest of the countries.  Let's look at those numbers first: Tsushima is said to have 1,000 households, while Iki is more like 3,000.  Matsuro is then counted at 4,000 families, but Ito is only said to have 1,000, similar to Tsushima.  Just over the mountains and along the Bay, the country of Na is then counted at a whopping 20,000 households, so 20 times as many.  These numbers are probably not entirely accurate, but do give an impression of scale, at least. But what distinguishes Ito-koku in this is that we are told that it had a special place for envoys from the Korean peninsula to rest when they came.  It makes you wonder about this little place called Ito. Hirabaru is not the only kingly tomb in the area.  Walk about 20 to 30 minutes further into the valley, and you might just find a couple of other burials—in particular Mikumo-Minami Shouji, discovered in 1822, and Iwara-Yarimizo, which includes artifacts discovered in the 1780s in the area between Mikumo and Iwara as they were digging a trench.  Based on evidence and descriptions, we know that they pulled out more bronze mirrors and other elite goods indicative of the late Yayoi paramounts. In these areas they have also found a number of post holes suggesting other buildings—enough to perhaps have a relatively large settlement. As noted earlier, we do not have a reconstructed village like in Harunotsuji or Yoshinogari, given that these are private fields, so the shape of the ancient landscape isn't as immediately impressive to people looking at the area, today.  The apparent dwellings are largely found in the triangle created between two rivers, which would have been the water source for local rice paddies.  The tombs and burials are found mostly on the outskirts, with the exception of the kingly burial of Mikumo-Minami Shouji.  This is also interesting when you consider that the later Hirabaru mound was situated some distance away, raising a bunch of questions that we frankly do not have answers for. The area of these ruins is not small.  It covers roughly 40.5 hectares, one of the largest Yayoi settlements so far discovered.  Of course, traces of other large settlements—like something in the Fukuoka area or back in Yamato—may have been destroyed by later construction, particularly in heavily developed areas.  This is interesting, though, when you consider that the Weizhi only claimed some 1,000 households. There are also other graves, such as various dolmens, across Ito and Shima, similar to those found on the peninsula, and plenty of other burials across both ancient districts.  And as the Yayoi culture shifted, influence of Yamato can be seen.  While Ito-koku clearly had their own burial practices, which were similar to, but not exactly like, those in the rest of the archipelago, we can see them start to adopt the keyhole style tomb mounds popular in Yamato. During the kofun period, the area of Itoshima built at least 60 identified keyhole shaped tombs, with a remarkable number of them from the early kofun period.  Among these is Ikisan-Choushizuka Kofun, a large, round keyhole tomb mound with a vertical stone pit burial, estimated to have been built in the latter half of the 4th century.  At 103 meters in length, it is the largest round keyhole tomb on the Genkai coast—that is to say the northwest coast of Kyushu. All of these very Yamato-style tombs would appear to indicate a particular connection between Ito and  Yamato—though what, exactly, that looked like is still up for debate.  According to the various early Chronicles, of course, this would be explained because, from an early period, Yamato is said to have expanded their state to Kyushu and then even on to the Korean peninsula.  In particular, the Chronicles talk about “Tsukushi”, which is both used as shorthand for the entirety of Kyushu, while also indicating the area largely encompassing modern Fukuoka prefecture.  On the other hand, this may have been a sign of Ito demonstrating its own independence and its own prestige by emulating Yamato and showing that they, too, could build these large keyhole tombs.  After all, the round keyhole shape is generally thought to have been reserved, in Yamato, for members of the royal family, and Ito-koku may have been using it similarly for their own royal leaders.  It may even be something in between—Ito-koku may have recognized Yamato's influence and leadership, but more in the breach than in actuality.  Afterall, until the standup of things like the various Miyake and the Dazai, we aren't aware of a direct outpost of the Yamato government on Kyushu.  The Miyake, you may recall, were the ”royal granaries”, which were basically administrative regions overseeing rice land that was directly controlled by Yamato, while the Dazai was the Yamato government outpost in Kyushu for handling continental affairs.  On top of a lack of local control in the early Kofun, the Weizhi appears to suggest that the Yamato paramount, Himiko, was the “Queen of the Wa” only through the consensus of other polities, but clearly there were other countries in the archipelago that did not subscribe to her blog, as it were, as they were in open conflict with Yamato.  This all leads into something we've talked about in the main podcast at various times, but it still bears discussing:  How did Yamato, over in the Nara Basin, become the center of political life in the Japanese archipelago, and why not somewhere in Kyushu, like ancient Na or Ito?  While we don't entirely know, it is worth examining what we do and some of the factors that may have been in play.  After all, Kyushu was the closest point of the main Japanese islands to the mainland, and we see that the Yayoi culture gets its start there.  From there, Yayoi culture spread to the east, and if we were to apply similar assumptions as we do on the spread of the keyhole shaped kofun, we would assume that the culture-givers in the west would have held some level of prestige as groups came to them to learn about this new technology, so why wasn't the capital somewhere in Kyushu?  We likewise see other such things—Yayoi pottery styles, fired in kilns, rather than open fired pottery; or even bronze items brought over from the continent.  In almost every instance, we see it first in Kyushu, and then it diffuses eastward up to the edge of Tohoku.  This pattern seems to hold early on, and it makes sense, as most of this was coming over from the continent. Let's not forget, though, that the Yayoi period wasn't simply a century: by our most conservative estimates it was approximately 600 years—for reference, that would be roughly equivalent to the period from the Mongol invasions up to the end of the Edo period, and twice as long as the period from Mimaki Iribiko to the Naka-no-Oe in 645, assuming that Mimaki Iribiko was ruling in the 3rd century.  So think about all that has happened in that time period, mostly focused on a single polity, and then double it.  More recent data suggests that the Yayoi period may have been more like an 1100 to 1300 year range, from the earliest start of rice cultivation.  That's a long time, and enough time for things in the archipelago to settle and for new patterns of influence to form.  And while Kyushu may have been the first region to acquire the new rice growing technology, it was other areas around the archipelago that would begin to truly capitalize on it. We are told that by the time the Wei envoys arrived that the state of Yamato, which we have no reason not to believe was in the Nara Basin, with a focus on the area of modern Sakurai, had approximately 70,000 households.  That is huge.  It was larger than Na, Ito, and Matsuro, combined, and only rivaled in the Weizhi by Touma-koku, which likely referred to either the area of Izumo, on the Japan Sea coast, or to the area of Kibi, along the Seto Inland Sea, both of which we know were also large polities with significant impact in the chronicles.  And here there is something to consider about the Yayoi style agriculture—the land determined the ultimate yield.  Areas with more hills and mountains are not as suited to wet rice paddy agriculture.  Meanwhile, a flat basin, like that in Yamato, which also has numerous rivers and streams draining from the surrounding mountains into the basin and then out again, provided the possibility for a tremendous population, though no doubt it took time to build. During that time, we definitely see evidence of the power and influence of places like Na and Ito.  Na sent an embassy to the Han court—an incredible journey, and an indication of not only their interest in the Han court and continental trade, but also their ability to gather the resources necessary for such a journey, which likely required some amount of assistance from other, nearby polities.  Na must have had some sway back then, we would assume. Meanwhile, the burial at Ito shows that they were also quite wealthy, with clear ties to the continent given their access to large bronze mirrors.  In the absence of other data, the number and size of bronze mirrors, or similar bronze items, likely only useful for ritual purposes, indicates wealth and status, and they had some of the largest mirrors as well as the largest collection found for that period.  Even into the stories in the Nihon Shoki and the Kojiki we see how mirrors, swords, and jewels all are used a symbols of kingship.  Elite status was apparently tied to material items, specifically to elite trade goods.  Assuming Yamato was able to grow its population as much as is indicated in the Weizhi, then by the 3rd century, they likely had the resources to really impress other groups.  Besides things like mirrors, we can probably assume that acquisition of other goods was likewise important.  Both Ito and Yamato show evidence of pottery shards from across the archipelago, indicating extensive trade networks.  But without any other differentiating factors, it is likely that Yamato, by the 3rd century, at least, was a real powerhouse.  They had a greater production capacity than the other states listed in the Weizhi, going just off of the recorded human capital. And this may answer a question that has been nagging me for some time, and perhaps others:  Why did other states acquiesce to Yamato rule?  And the answer I keep coming back to is that it was probably a combination of wealth, power, prestige, ritual, and time. For one thing, wealth: Yamato had it.  That meant they could also give it.  So, if Yamato was your friend, you got the goods, and you had access to what you need.  You supported them, they could help you with what you needed.  These transactional alliances are not at all uncommon, and something I think most of us can understand. There is also power—specifically military power.  With so many people, Yamato would likely have been a formidable threat should they decide that violence was the answer.  That said, while we read of military campaigns, and no doubt they did go out and fight and raid with the best of them, it's expensive to do so.  Especially exerting control over areas too far out would have been problematic, especially before writing AND horses.  That would be costly, and a drain on Yamato's coffers.  So while I do suspect that various military expeditions took place, it seems unlikely that Yamato merely bested everyone in combat.  Military success only takes you so far without constant maintenance. And so here is where I think prestige and ritual come into play.  We've talked about how Yamato did not exactly “rule” the archipelago—their direct influence was likely confined to the Kinki region for the longest period of time.  And yet we see that they influenced people out on the fringes of the Wa cultural sphere: when they started building large, keyhole shaped kofun for their leaders, and burying elites only one to a giant mound, the other areas of Japan appear to have joined in.  Perhaps Yamato was not the first to build a kofun for a single person, but they certainly were known for the particular shape that was then copied by so many others.  But why? We don't know for certain, but remember that in Yamato—and likely the rest of the Wa cultural sphere—a large part of governance was focused on ritual.  The natural and what we would consider the supernatural—the visible and invisible—worked hand in hand.  To have a good harvest, it required that workers plant, water, harvest, etc. in the right seasons and in the right way.  Likewise, it was considered equally important to have someone to intercede with the kami—to ensure that the rains come at the right time, but not too much, and a host of other natural disasters that could affect the crop. And if you want to evaluate how well ritual works, well, look at them.   Are you going to trust the rituals of someone whose crops always fail and who barely has a single bronze mirror?  Or are you going to trust the rituals of someone with a thriving population, multiple mirrors, and more?  Today, we might refer to this as something like the prosperity gospel, where wealth, good health, and fortune are all seen as stemming from how well one practices their faith, and who's to say that back in the day it wasn't the same?  Humans are going to human, after all. So it makes sense that one would give some deference to a powerhouse like Yamato and even invite their ritualists to come and help teach you how it is done.  After all, the local elites were still the ones calling the shots.  Nothing had really changed. And here is where time comes in.  Because over time what started as an alliance of convenience became entrenched in tradition.  Yamato's status as primus inter pares, or first among equals, became simply one of primus.  It became part of the unspoken social contract.  Yamato couldn't push too hard on this relationship, at least not all at once, but over time they could and did demand more and more from other states. I suspect, from the way the Weizhi reads, that Yamato was in the early stages of this state development.  The Weizhi makes Queen Himiko feel like something of a consensus candidate—after much bickering, and outright fighting, she was generally accepted as the nominal paramount.  There is mention of a male ruler, previously, but we don't know if they were a ruler in Yamato, or somewhere else, nor if it was a local elite or an earlier paramount.  But not everyone in the archipelago was on board—Yamato did have rivals, somewhere to the south (or north?); the directions in the Weizhi are definitely problematic, and it may refer to someone like the Kuma or Kumaso people in southern Kyushu or else people that would become known as the Emishi further to the east of Yamato. This lasted as long as Yamato was able to continue to demonstrate why they were at the top of this structure.  Theoretically, anyone else could climb up there as well, and there are certainly a few other powerful states that we can identify, some by their mention and some by their almost lack of mention.  Izumo and Kibi come to mind almost immediately. The Weizhi makes it clear that Himiko's rule was not absolute, and part of her reaching out to the Wei in the first place may have been the first attempt at something new—external validation by the continent.  A large part of international diplomacy is as much about making people believe you have the power to do something as actually having that power.  Getting recognition from someone like the Wei court would further legitimize Yamato's place at the top of the heap, making things easier for them in the long run. Unfortunately, it seems like things did not go so smoothly, and after Himiko's death, someone else came to power, but was quickly deposed before a younger queen took over—the 13 year old Toyo.  Of course, the Wei and then the Jin had their own problems, so we don't get too many details after that, and from there we lose the thread on what was happening from a contemporary perspective.  Instead, we have to rely on the stories in the Nihon Shoki and Kojiki, which are several hundred years after the fact, and clearly designed as a legitimizing narrative, but still present us something of a picture.  We don't see many stories of local elites being overthrown, though there do seem to be a fair number of military campaigns.  Nonetheless, even if they were propped up by Yamato, local elites likely had a lot of autonomy, at least early on, even as they were coopted into the larger Yamato umbrella.  Yamato itself also saw ups and downs as it tried to figure out how to create a stable succession plan from one ruler to the next.  At some point they set up a court, where individuals from across the archipelago came and served, and they created alliances with Baekje, on the peninsula, as well as with another polity which we know of as Nimna.  Through them, Yamato continued to engage with the continent when the dynastic struggles there allowed for it.  The alliance with Baekje likely provided even more legitimacy for Yamato's position in the archipelago, as well as access to continental goods. Meanwhile the court system Yamato set up provided a means for Yamato to, itself, become a legitimizing factor. Hierarchical differences in society were already visible in the Yayoi period, so we can generally assume that the idea of social rank was not a new concept for Yamato or the other Wa polities.  This is eventually codified into the kabane system, but it is probably likely that many of the kabane came about, originally, as titles of rank used within the various polities.  Yamato's ability to claim to give—or even take away—that kabane title, would have been a new lever of power for Yamato.  Theoretically, other polities could just ignore them and keep going on with their daily lives, but if they had already bought into the social structure and worldview that Yamato was promoting, then they likely would have acquiesced, at least in part, to Yamato's control. Little by little, Yamato's influence grew, particularly on those closer to the center.  Those closer, and more affected, started to listen to Yamato's rules about kofun size and shape, while those further on the fringes started to adopt Yamato's traditions for themselves, while perhaps maintaining greater independence. An early outlier is the Dazai.  It is unclear whether this was forcibly imposed on the old region of Na and nearby Ito, or if it was more diplomatically established.  In the end, though, Yamato established an outpost in the region early on, almost before they started their practice of setting up “miyake”, the various royal granaries that appear to have also become local Yamato government offices in the various lands.  The Dazai was more than just a conduit to accept taxes in the form of rice from various locals—it was also in charge of missions to the continent.  Whether they were coming or going, military or diplomatic, the Dazai was expected to remain prepared.  The early iterations were likely in slightly different locations, and perhaps not as large, but still in roughly the area near modern Fukuoka and Dazai.  This was a perfect place not only from which to prepare to launch or receive missions from the continent, but also to defend the nearby Shimonoseki straits, which was an important entryway into the Seto Inland Sea, the most direct route to Naniwa and the Yamato court. The first iterations of direct Yamato control in Tsukushi—modern Fukuoka—claim to have been focused largely on being a last point to supply troops heading over to fight on the peninsula, not unlike the role of Nagoya castle on the Higashi-Matsuura peninsula in the 16th century.  Over time, though, it grew into much more.  The Weizhi, for its part mentions something in the land of Ito, where there were rooms set up for envoys from the continent, but the Dazai was this on steroids. Occasionally we see evidence of pushback against Yamato's expansion of powers.  Early on, some states tried to fool the envoys into thinking that they were Yamato, perhaps attempting to garner the trade goods for themselves and to take Yamato's place as the interlocutor between the Wa polities and the continent.  We also see outright rebellions—from Iwai in Kyushu, in the 6th century, but also from various Emishi leaders as well.  The Iwai rebellion may have been part of the impetus for setting up the Dazai as a way to remotely govern Tsukushi—or at least help keep people in line.  For the most part, though, as time goes by, it would seem that Yamato's authority over other polities just became tradition, and each new thing that Yamato introduced appears to have been accepted by the various other polities, over time.  This is likely a much more intricate process than even I'm describing here, but I'm not sure that it was necessarily a conscious one; as the concept of Yamato as the “paramount” state grew, others ceded it more and more power, which only fed Yamato's self-image as the paramount state.  As the elites came under the Yamato court and rank system, they were more closely tied to it, and so Yamato's increased power was, in a way, passed on to them as well.  At least to those who bought in. By the 5th century, we know that there were families sending people to the court from as far away as Hi no Kuni in Kyushu—near modern Kumamoto—and Musashi no Kuni in the east—including modern Saitama.  All of that said, while they may have subordinated themselves to Yamato in some ways, the various polities still maintained some independent actions and traditions.  For example, whatever their connection to Yamato, the tombs at Itoshima also demonstrate a close connection to the peninsula.  The horizontal entry chamber style of tomb—something we saw a lot in Iki, and which seems to have been introduced from the continent—started to become popular in the latter half of the 4th century, at least in the west of the archipelago. This is well before we see anything like it in Yamato or elsewhere, though it was eventually used across the archipelago.  Itoshima appears to have been an early adopter of this tomb style, picking it up even before the rest of the archipelago caught on, making them the OG horizontal chambers, at least in Japan. Ultimately, the image we have of Ito-koku is of an apparently small but relatively influential state with some influence on the cross-strait trade, with close ties to Yamato. The history of the region seems a bit murky past the Kofun period.  There are earthworks of an old mountain castle on Mt. Raizan that could be from the Asuka period, and in the 8th century the government built Ito castle on the slopes of Mt. Takaso, possibly to provide some protection to the Dazaifu, which was the Yamato outpost in Kyushu, and eventually became the main administrative center for the island.  It seems, then, that whatever power the country of Ito may have once had, it was subsumed by the Dazai, which was built a little inland, east of the old Na territory.  Furthermore, as ships grew more seaworthy over time, they could make the longer voyages straight to Iki or Tsushima from Hakata.  For the most part, the area of the Itoshima peninsula seems to have been merely a set of districts in the larger Tsukushi and then the Chikuzen provinces.  The area of Na, meanwhile, which is said to have had 20,000 households in the 3rd century—much larger than nearby Ito—was completely eclipsed by the Dazaifu after the Iwai rebellion.  After the fall of Baekje, the Dazaifu took on even greater administrative duties, and eventually took over all diplomatic engagement with the continent.  They even set up a facility for hosting diplomatic envoys from the continent.  This would come to be known as the Kourokan, and they actually found the ruins of it near the site where Maizuru castle was eventually built in what is now Chuo-ku, or the central ward, of Fukuoka city. From the Heian period onwards, the Harada family eventually came to have some power in the area, largely subordinate to others, but they built another castle on Mt. Takaso, using some of the old Ito Castle earthworks, and participated in the defense of the nation during the Mongol invasions. The Harada family rose briefly towards the end of the Sengoku Period, pushing out the Otomo as Hideyoshi's campaign swept into Kyushu.  They weren't quite fast enough to join Hideyoshi's side, though, and became subordinate to Kato Kiyomasa and eventually met their end during the Invasions of Korea. The Ito district at some point after that became part of the So clan's holdings, falling under Tsushima's purview, along with a scattering of districts elsewhere, all likely more about the revenue produced than local governance.  In the Edo period, there were some efforts to reclaim land in Imazu bay, further solidifying links with the Itoshima peninsula and the mainland, but that also fits in with the largely agricultural lifestyle of the people in the region.  It seems to have remained largely a rural backwater up into modern times, when the Ito and Shima districts were combined into an administrative district known as “Itoshima city”. Meanwhile, the Dazaifu continued to dominate the region of modern Fukuoka.  Early on, worried about a Silla-Tang alliance, the Yamato state built massive forts and earthworks were built around the Dazaifu to protect the region from invasion.  As the Tang dynasty gave way to the Song and Yuan dynasties, however, and the Heian court itself became more insular, the Dazaifu's role faded, somewhat.  The buildings were burned down in the 10th century, during the failed revolt of Fujiwara no Sumitomo.  The government never rebuilt, and instead the center of regional government shifted to Hakata, closer to the bay. Appointed officials to the Dazai were known as the Daini and the Shoni.  Mutou Sukeyori was appointed as Dazai Shoni, the vice minister of the Dazaifu, in the late 12th century.  Though he had supported the Taira in the Genpei wars, he was pardoned and made the guardian of Northern Kyushu, to help keep the region in check for the newly established Kamakura Bakufu.  He would effectively turn that into a hereditary position, and his family became known as the “Shoni”, with their position eventually coming to be their family name.  They would provide commendable service against the Mongol invasion, and eventually became the Shugo Daimyo over much of western Kyushu and the associated islands, though not without pushback from others in the region. Over time, the power of the Shoni waned and various other daimyo began to rise up.  The chaos of the Sengoku period saw the entire area change hands, back and forth, until Hideyoshi's invasion of Kyushu.  Hideyoshi divided up control of Kyushu, and Chikuzen, including the areas of Hakata and modern Itoshima, was given to Kobayakawa Takakage.  Hideyoshi also began to redevelop the port of Hakata.  After the battle of Sekigahara, Kobayakawa Hideaki, Takakage's adopted son and nephew to the late Hideyoshi, was transferred to the fief of Okayama, and the area of modern Fukuoka city was given to Kuroda Nagamasa, creating the Fukuoka Han, also known as the Kuroda Han. Nagamasa would go on to build Maizuru Castle on the other side of the Naka river from the port of Hakata, creating two towns with separate administration, each of which fell under the ultimate authority of the Kuroda.  Hakata, on the east side of the river, was a city of merchants while Fukuoka was the castle town, and largely the domain of samurai serving the Kuroda.  The Kuroda would remain in control of the Fukuoka domain through the Edo period, and only lost control at the very start of the Meiji, as the domain system in general was dissolved. Over that time, Hakata remained an important port city, and the samurai of Fukuoka were known for maintaining their martial traditions. In the Meiji era, samurai from the Kuroda Han joined with other Kyushu samurai, rising up during Saigo Takamori's rebellion.  Later, it would be former samurai and others from Fukuoka who would form the Gen'yosha, an early right wing, nationalist organization that would greatly influence the Japanese government heading into the latter part of the 19th and early 20th century. But that is getting well into more modern territory, and there is so much else we could discuss regarding the history of this area, and with any luck we will get to it all in time.  For now, this concludes our Gishiwajinden Tour—we traveled from Kara, to Tsushima and Iki, and then on to Matsuro, Ito, and Na.  From here the envoys traveled on to Fumi, Toma, and then Yamato.  Fumi and Toma are still elusive locations, with various theories and interpretations as to where they were.   For us, this was the end of our journey. Next episode we will be back with the Chronicles and getting into the Taika era, the era of Great Change.  There we will really see Yamato starting to flex its administrative muscles as it brings the various polities of the archipelago together into a single state, which will eventually become known as the country of Nihon, aka Japan. Until then, thank you for listening.  If you like what we are doing, tell your friends and feel free to rate us wherever you listen to podcasts.  If you feel the need to do more, and want to help us keep this going, we have information about how you can donate on Patreon or through our KoFi site, ko-fi.com/sengokudaimyo, or find the links over at our main website, SengokuDaimyo.com/Podcast, where we will have some more discussion on topics from this episode. Also, feel free to reach out to us at our Sengoku Daimyo Facebook page.  You can also email us at the.sengoku.daimyo@gmail.com.  Thank you, also, to Ellen for their work editing the podcast. And that's all for now.  Thank you again, and I'll see you next episode on Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.

01. Russ - When This Was All New (Explicit)02. Birds Of Tokyo - When the Night Falls Quiet03. Chris James - The Race04. 白色海岸The White Coast - 我们想去的地方(I'll Take You Anywhere)05. Valentina Ploy-Drunk Sleeping In Taxis06. Josh Kerr&Cale Dodds&Jake Scott-Arizona07. Ryan Hurd-Florida With a Girl08. Khloe Rose - Fictional09. Ethan Dufault - View10. 米卡 - so I don't forget

Customer Experience Expert Lynn Daniel Shares Insights on Entrepreneurism and Respect Thedanielgroup.com ### About the Guest(s): Lynn Daniel is the CEO of The Daniel Group, a company he founded in 1989. With a background in management, consulting, corporate planning, and product management, Lynn has led The Daniel Group to specialize in helping B2B companies measure, manage, and improve customer experience since 2005. His firm works with clients such as AGCO, Navistar, Kuma, and 80% of Caterpillar dealers to enhance profitable and loyal customer relationships. Lynn holds a BA in Political Science from North Carolina State University and an MBA from the University of Virginia. ### Episode Summary: In this engaging episode of The Chris Voss Show, Lynn Daniel, CEO of The Daniel Group, shares insights on how his company focuses on customer experience consulting for B2B companies. He discusses the importance of customer service, the power of referrals, and the impact of emotional satisfaction on customer relationships. Lynn emphasizes the significance of leadership's role in shaping a company's commitment to customer experience and highlights the correlation between employee experience and customer experience for business success. ### Key Takeaways: * The Daniel Group specializes in measuring, managing, and improving customer experience for B2B companies. * Customer satisfaction directly influences referrals, with highly satisfied customers being more likely to refer a company. * Emotional satisfaction plays a crucial role in customer relationships, surpassing rational satisfaction in impact. * Leadership commitment is essential in prioritizing customer experience within a company's strategic goals. * There is a strong connection between employee experience and customer experience, highlighting the need for a positive work environment. ### Notable Quotes: * "One of the things we have learned is emotional satisfaction. How you feel about something is far more powerful by far than any kind of rational satisfaction." * "There's such a strong connection between employee experience and customer experience. Ultimately, that's gonna backfire on you." Don't miss out on the insightful discussion with Lynn Daniel on The Chris Voss Show as he delves into the world of customer experience, leadership, and employee engagement. Tune in to gain valuable insights and stay informed on the latest trends in customer service and business strategy.

Subscribe to my newsletter for useful and practical tools to improve your mindset and your life! https://www.danagrinberga.com/blog In this episode we will cover: Exploring the Gut-Brain-Skin Connection Discover how your diet and thoughts impact your gut and, consequently, your skin. This episode dives into the gut-brain-skin axis and explains the significance of maintaining gut health for overall well-being. Leaky Gut: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments What is leaky gut, what symptoms does it cause, and how can you heal it? We'll cover the basics of this common condition and discuss effective remedies. A Pill for Every Ill: The Western Approach Explore why the common Western practice of treating symptoms with medication often fails to address underlying health issues and how a shift towards holistic wellness is essential. The Importance of Good Bacteria Learn about the roles of prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics in digestive health and how to choose the right supplements to support your gut flora. Parasite Horror Story Maria shares her personal encounter with parasites, shedding light on this often-overlooked health concern. Dietary Guidelines for Expectant Mothers Advice on optimal nutrition for pregnant women, how to prevent stretch marks, and choosing between breastfeeding and formula feeding. Natural Birth Explained Discover the benefits of natural birth, including insights into the fetal ejection reflex and how it facilitates the birthing process. This episode is filled with valuable insights into how food and lifestyle choices directly affect our health, from digestion to skin clarity and beyond. About Guest : Maria Marlowe is a Certified Holistic Nutritionist and the founder of Kuma, a company that develops ingestible skincare products. She created Kuma's first product, a probiotic supplement for acne, oiliness, and dry skin, which gained a substantial following and sold out quickly. Over the last decade, Maria has guided thousands worldwide to clear their skin and enhance their health through dietary improvements. Starting from her struggles with acne in her early 20s, she developed the 90-day Clear Skin Plan to help others achieve clear skin through diet and lifestyle, even when traditional medications don't work. Maria is also the author of "The Real Food Grocery Guide" and "Be Healthy Everyday," with over 30,000 copies sold, and has been featured in media outlets like Vogue and Good Morning America. Find Maria on Instagram https://www.instagram.com/mariamarlowe?igsh=MWhxc2RzdGdsdDBvNw== YouTube : https://youtube.com/@glowbymarlowe?si=n-5cRuQW1tHKcawS Find Dana on Instagram https://rb.gy/pm0wwp Get a copy of my Top 10 must read books for 2024. These books will expand your mind, boost your confidence, and inspire optimism. Sign up here: https://danagrinberga.ck.page/368a56c6f7 Watch video version here https://youtu.be/Zk8YWO9m5Kc?si=vX-hg_7Ddo0sXNkk Please share your thoughts and questions about this episode either in the comment section or DM via instagram! :) Your feedback is invaluable to me! If you enjoyed, please make sure to follow and share.

This week on Rookie Pirate Radio, Jon Negroni and Travis Hymas discuss the latest chapter of the One Piece manga, titled “The Most Free,” which has pretty much broken the fandom even more-so than a certain pirate's devil fruit. One Piece 1118 is currently available to read for free on Viz. We want your feedback! If you have any questions, corrections, or your own theories and speculation, you can either email us (rookipirateradio@gmail.com) or join our Discord, where we have a special channel devoted to all things One Piece spoilers!  Discussion Points for One Piece 1118 (Spoilers!): OK. How can anyone not see Bonney joining the Straw Hats at THIS point?! Jon affirms the best arguments for this and Travis adds how Bonney's full arc/emotional catharsis mirrors the other Straw Hats joining. Major congrats to Hippo in the Discord for calling Bonney's turning into Nika!! Here are your flowers: (Listener question) Could Blackbeard be after Luffy's fruit? How does Bonney's Nika form really work? We agree that Haki is a major factor and Jon suggests Bonney won't be able to maintain the form for a long time Jon predicts that the Iron Giant will reawaken and join the fight, and the broadcast will thus continue Travis is confident that Bonney's power is her devil fruit awakening, not Luffy's fruit awakening and affecting her. Travis waxes poetic about Oda always centering children and their imagination in the story, so this is well-foreshadowed. Jon speculates that the Iron Giant's internal thoughts are about trying to find Joy Boy at Marijoa. (Listener question) What really caused that earthquake? Was it Luffy turning into Nika and making the ocean rubbery? Jon suggests that the Drums of Liberation causing the Giants to dance is what causes all this, and Travis predicts that this will help the Thousand Sunny land safely. Jon and Travis agree that we're chapters away from the end of the arc, though Jon suggests that we might have more "world check-in" time than usual before getting to Elbaf. Extra Credits: Our intro music is a remix version of “Overtaken” from the One Piece anime, cut together by Jon Negroni. Our podcast artwork is by Jon Negroni. Travis Hymas is the Anime & Manga editor of InBetweenDrafts, and Jon Negroni is the Film Editor of InBetweenDrafts. Our recap of One Piece 1118 is based on the English translation of the manga, courtesy of Viz.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

01. Alexander Stewart -24 Hours02. Forester-The Flood03. HAEVN - The Sea04. Ed Patrick - Irreplaceable05. Sheppard-The Best Is Yet To Come06. Sarah MacDougall - Cold Night07. Tom Rosenthal&Fenne Lily-Have We Met Before？08. Perlo - Day by Day09. Ryann Darling - I Choose You10. Ben Abraham-Like A Circle(Bonus Track)

金馬獎司儀德仔獻聲推薦-KICKS HIGHLIGHT 特仕版 跳色塗裝挑紅線條外型，集動力、舒適、安全於一身 93%超高車主滿意度，如同德仔一樣擁有「好聲量」！ 德仔都來報佳音的五星安全好車，邀你至門市體驗KICKS的不凡魅力 KICKS HIGHLIGHT特仕版，Highlight你的不凡！ https://bit.ly/4aL8AKe －－－－以上訊息由 SoundOn 動態廣告贊助商提供－－－－ 你覺得自己活在老鼠賽跑的生活模式當中嗎？你上一次體驗真正的大休息，是什麼時候的事情？你是否有在生活的縫隙當中，體驗過心靈自由的暢快感呢？這集由 Kuma 分享他在土耳其旅行時體驗到的「世界角落」，以及 Zoey 分享休息的層次，如何從身、提煉到心、再提煉到靈魂層次？ ///

Peace everyone, wishing you all well! I wanted to take a moment to read some poetry from our friend and Comrade sister, Mother, Julia Wright- daughter of Richard Wright, friend of Kwame and Kuma, and freedom fighters all over the globe! So I drawn to speak a bit about something some comrades of mine - and shout out to them, you know who you are - have been bringing up quite often, and that is grief, trauma, and how to reconcile these things with revolution and resistance. Hopefully some of the things I say are worthy of your listening, take care all! All power to the people of Palestine!

金馬獎司儀德仔獻聲推薦-KICKS HIGHLIGHT 特仕版 跳色塗裝挑紅線條外型，集動力、舒適、安全於一身 93%超高車主滿意度，如同德仔一樣擁有「好聲量」！ 德仔都來報佳音的五星安全好車，邀你至門市體驗KICKS的不凡魅力 KICKS HIGHLIGHT特仕版，Highlight你的不凡！ https://bit.ly/4aL8AKe -- 城揚建設新推出的「陽明第一廳」 緊鄰三民區的明星學府-陽明國中 46~52坪，每層四戶兩部電梯 最適合有換屋與置產需求的你 讓生活中充滿書香、運動風，滿足食衣住行的消費需求 城揚建設 陽明第一廳 07-384-2888 https://bit.ly/3y7SoFB －－－－以上訊息由 SoundOn 動態廣告贊助商提供－－－－ 佐編茶水間新企劃專題【三十可以】第三集，我和我的 Co-host Kuma 一起討論「工作」之於我們的意義。30 歲的我們，一個是熱愛工作的工作狂，一個是討厭工作的任性鬼，卻也逐漸發現工作狂的背後，可能參雜著對與成就感的“上癮”，以及不懂得在生活中創造樂趣；又或是任性鬼的背後，也被限制型的想像給制約，一昧的認為工作就是無聊的、任命的、辛苦的，這些都是事實嗎？這些思維與信念又是怎麼影響著我們的人生決定呢？ ///

This week, join Peter and Chris as they deep dive into the fourteenth track on the Wraith's exhibit of Shangri-La - "Crossing Thy Bridge." Sit back and listen as they dissect the lyrics and content of the song, discuss Wraith merch drops, talk about the possibility of this being the first single off of the album and tackle important topics like religious overtones throughout The Wraith. They also talk about the Kuma remix, and maybe bust out the acoustic guitars!      The LinkTree can be found at https://linktr.ee/juggalorwd. Otherwise here are all of the important links -  Twitter/X: @JuggaloRWD  IG: @JuggaloRWD  Facebook: @JuggaloRWD  TikTok: @JuggaloRWD  Threads: @JuggaloRWD  The website is www.JuggaloRewind.com.  Join the ICPWWE Discord and talk to other listeners and podcast hosts about juggalo nonsense.  Email at juggalorwd@gmail.com or call or text at (810) 666-1570.      Additional music provided by Steve O of the IRTD. Voiceover work provided by Christmas. Instrumentals borrowed this season from Clownstrumentals. The Rewind is forever powered by the 20x20 Apparel and is a part of the UPC (Underground Podcast Community).   All music played is owned by the respective publishers and copywrite holders and is reproduced for review purposes only under fair use. #ForTheJuggaloCulture  #RewindFitness   #WraithRewind

This is the Weekly Rundown, where we discuss these 4 shows!1) Kaiju No.82) Go! Go! Loser Ranger! aka Ranger Reject3) Spice and Wolf: Merchant meets the Wise Wolf (Remake)4) One Piece To join the Discord, follow us on our socials (we're on Threads / Insta, Twitter (X), Bluesky / Hive and Tumblr): https://Linktree.com/animedegensThe Degen Videos are on YouTube now! So, Make sure you follow and like the videos over there at https://Linktree.com/animedegensPlease Rate us on your listening platforms and don't forget to tell your anime friends about us! its the best way to support us and we really do appreciate y'all! Thanks for listening!!If you have any Feedback that you'd like to share or have Topics that you'd like for us to discuss on the Degen Episode, Please reach out to us on any of our Socials, Discord or click here! Interested in being a guest? Reach out to Tyler on Discord or Twitter / Threads!On Thursday's Degen episode we'll be doing a review on Ghibli's My Neighbor Totoro! Like all of our movie reviews we do a spoiler free section then do a deeper dive in our Spoiler Zone in the second half! See ya then!Nom's Twitch - https://www.twitch.tv/gaming_anomolyNom's Twitter / X - https://twitter.com/Gaming_anomolyTime Stamps:Intro: 00:00Kaiju No. 8 Ep 7 - 02:40Go Go Loser Ranger Ep 7 - 22:33Spice and Wolf Remake Ep 8 - 41:38One Piece 1106 - 56:45 Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

城揚建設新推出的「陽明第一廳」 緊鄰三民區的明星學府-陽明國中 46~52坪，每層四戶兩部電梯 最適合有換屋與置產需求的你 讓生活中充滿書香、運動風，滿足食衣住行的消費需求 城揚建設 陽明第一廳 07-384-2888 https://bit.ly/3y7SoFB -- 迎接十年一遇的存債良機，富養自己不是夢！ 中信優息投資級債【00948B】，甜甜價10元入手，還有「平準金」及「月配息」， 小資也能輕鬆跟隊。【00948B】投資就是發！ 5/22-5/28飛躍募集，一同「債」現王者新高度! 詳細資訊請見：https://bit.ly/3y7XL7A －－－－以上訊息由 SoundOn 動態廣告贊助商提供－－－－ 佐編茶水間新企劃專題【三十可以】第二集，我（31）與 Co-host Kuma （30）一起討論「三十而立」的社會標籤，那些房子、車子、孩子的框架，我們達成了哪些？為什麼達成？真的是因為自己想要，還是因為社會期待你「應該」這麼做？做了之後，我們的內心又產生了哪些心理變化呢？ ///

01. John Splithoff - Night Drive02. John Splithoff - Value03.Josh Fudge&Logan Bruhn-Second Date04. Lily Kershaw - The Last Light 05. Casey Parnell - Bad Advice06. Tyler Brown Williams - Here to You07. Robinson - Watching You08. The 1975-I Always Wanna Die (Sometimes)09. Ben Abraham - Don't Wish Me Merry Christmas Til I'm Home10. Anson Seabra - Mother

城揚建設新推出的「陽明第一廳」 緊鄰三民區的明星學府-陽明國中 46~52坪，每層四戶兩部電梯 最適合有換屋與置產需求的你 讓生活中充滿書香、運動風，滿足食衣住行的消費需求 城揚建設 陽明第一廳 07-384-2888 https://bit.ly/3y7SoFB -- 迎接十年一遇的存債良機，富養自己不是夢！ 中信優息投資級債【00948B】，甜甜價10元入手，還有「平準金」及「月配息」， 小資也能輕鬆跟隊。【00948B】投資就是發！ 5/22-5/28飛躍募集，一同「債」現王者新高度! 詳細資訊請見：https://bit.ly/3y7XL7A －－－－以上訊息由 SoundOn 動態廣告贊助商提供－－－－ 歡迎來到佐編茶水間新企劃專題【三十可以】，在這系列節目，我邀請了我的 Co-host Kuma，一起來聊聊三十歲這個既成熟又稚嫩的尷尬年紀，為什麼讓我們在事業觀、人生觀、世界觀、金錢觀、價值觀、愛情觀中，有這麼多的動盪與改變？第一集，我們一起來聊聊：「為什麼人到三十前後，好像都會有股沒來由的迷惘、忐忑呢？」我們分析了幾個可能的原因，也 Kickstart 這個全新主題，希望能邀請差不多也在這個年紀，或者正在經歷人生轉折、變化的你，一起聽我們聊聊，給你更多的鼓勵與啟發 ：） ///

Kuma and Bonnie's tragic backstory, the death of Vegapunk and the truth about the world, and the reveal of every Gorosei's secret power!

We need a full break down on the physics of Kuma's power from Lilith and Edison Use code "JORYJO" for $5 off your first #TokyoTreat box through my link: https://team.tokyotreat.com/watchingonepiece and #Sakuraco box: https://team.sakura.co/watchingonepiece Join our Discord: http://discord.gg/WSv2KW34rk This episode came out early for our Patrons! Thank you for supporting on Patreon! We Are! On Twitter: @wearewatchingOP @noimjory @ghostofjo

It's a Double Stuf edition of the I'm Fat Podcast. This week, the fellas discuss trips to Kuma's, High Five Ramen, and more. Jay reveals the unbelievably great deal that is Cookie Magic at Insomnia Cookies, while Rick visits Trader Joe's for the first time. YOUTUBE: ⁠youtube.com/c/imfatpodcast⁠ MERCH: ⁠imfatmerch.com⁠ SPONSORS: ⁠Charlie the Bacon Guy⁠, ⁠Frato's Culinary Kitchen⁠ (use code IMFAT to save 10% on online orders), ⁠Mazda of Orland Park⁠, Nik and Ivy Brewing Co. in Lockport SUPPORT: ⁠https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/im-fat-podcast/support⁠ --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/im-fat-podcast/message Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/im-fat-podcast/support

What are the root causes of acne? And why is the gut-brain-skin connection so important? Today's episode covers the best strategies you can take to have healthy, glowing skin.    To provide insight into this important topic is Maria Marlowe, a certified nutritionist specializing in acne and the founder of Kuma, a skincare company that is on a mission to revolutionize how we think about skincare from outside only to inside out.    In this episode, Maria and Dr. Jockers debunk some important social myths about acne as well as provide suggestions on diet and lifestyle changes you can make to have healthier skin.    Learn how to clear your skin and optimize your diet with 'The Acne Nutritionist', who has helped thousands of people clear their skin naturally.    If you're ready to clear your skin, calm your mind, heal your gut, and improve your health, you've come to the right place for an important conversation about skincare that is ultimately about personal care and well-being too!    Lastly, Happy 400th Episode of Functional Nutrition to our much-appreciated community!   In This Episode:   How did Maria become so interested in acne care? What is the root cause of acne? Debunking the myth of '3 types of skin' Why the 'gut-brain-skin' axis matters How depression can be linked to acne What is the link between low stomach acid and acne? What are the best foods to eat when dealing with acne? The importance of keeping your blood sugar stable What are the top supplements and probiotics that Maria recommends? What if Accutane doesn't work?  How acne can be a blessing in disguise Unpacking the global statistics around teenagers and acne What is the 90-Day Clear Skin Plan about?  What results is Maria seeing with her clients?  Last words of wisdom from Maria ("don't give up") Maria's thoughts on red light therapy for your skin This podcast is sponsored by ShopC60.com. C60 is a powerful, Nobel Prize-winning antioxidant, that helps to optimize mitochondrial function, fights inflammation, and neutralizes toxic free radicals!   I'm a big fan of using C60 in conjunction with your keto and intermittent fasting lifestyle to support your immune system, help your body detox, and increase energy and mental clarity.    My favorite C60 products for Keto & IF lifestyles include C60 Purple Power in Organic MCT Coconut Oil (you can add this to your coffee) and their delicious Sugar-Free C60 Gummies (made with allulose and monk fruit)!   If you are over the age of 40, and you'd like to kick fatigue and brain fog to the curb this year, visit shopc60.com and use the coupon code “JOCKERS” for 15% OFF  and start taking back control over your health today!   Vitamin C is a critical compound when it comes to supporting the immune system. It's also really good for your skin - and for your energy!   Paleovalley's Essential C Complex is a really powerful, pure Vitamin C supplement. Unlike most Vitamin C supplements, it contains zero synthetic ingredients. In fact it's made from three of the most potent Vitamin C sources on Earth!    Get a stronger immune system, healthier skin, and more energy today! Check out Paleovalley's Essential C Complex at paleovalley.com/jockers    “Acne is actually classified as a chronic inflammatory skin disorder. It's not a bacterial infection. Everyone thinks it's caused by bacteria - it's not."  -Maria Marlowe   Subscribe to the podcast on: Apple Podcast Stitcher Spotify PodBean  TuneIn Radio   Resources: Visit https://shopc60.com/jockers - Use code “JOCKERS” to get 15% off! Paleovalley's Essential C Complex - visit paleovalley.com/jockers  Connect with Maria Marlowe: Website - https://mariamarlowe.com/ Podcast  - https://mariamarlowe.com/podcast/ Books:  Real Food Grocery Guide - https://a.co/d/6N3ogWQ Be Healthy Every Day - https://a.co/d/eKTSMmS Connect with Dr. Jockers: Instagram – https://www.instagram.com/drjockers/ Facebook – https://www.facebook.com/DrDavidJockers YouTube – https://www.youtube.com/user/djockers Website – https://drjockers.com/ If you are interested in being a guest on the show, we would love to hear from you! Please contact us here! - https://drjockers.com/join-us-dr-jockers-functional-nutrition-podcast/

Kengo Kuma has a philosophy: to enrich the connection between buildings and nature, “almost tuning-in” to the materials. His architecture is inspired by traditional Japanese design, and he is a serious critic of the global dominance of concrete. Kuma's mission has manifested in iconic buildings including China's Folk Art Museum, the V&A in Scotland, and Japan's National Stadium, built for the 2020 Olympics. Broadcaster Nick Luscombe follows Kuma to Japan's oldest and largest lake, and to the ancient capital of Otsu, where Kuma is attempting to represent the history of the area not by constructing a new building, but by creating a monument to a legendary cow.