POPULARITY
11 episodes with Kamo
14 episodes with Kamo
13 episodes with Kamo
8 episodes with Kamo
7 episodes with Kamo
3 episodes with Kamo
2 episodes with Kamo
3 episodes with Kamo
2 episodes with Kamo
China’s Tianwen-2 spacecraft has successfully arrived at Kamoʻoalewa—a tiny, enigmatic "quasi-satellite" that dances along with Earth on its trek around the Sun. A fascinating scientific debate is heating up over this object's true identity: is it a standard, heavily space-weathered asteroid, or is it a long-lost chunk of our own Moon, violently blasted into space by an ancient impact? Tianwen-2 is on a mission to solve this cosmic identity crisis, and it is happening right now. This week, we sit down with Andrew Jones, a contributing editor for The Planetary Society and a freelance space journalist covering China's rapidly accelerating lunar and planetary exploration programs. He takes us inside the mission to reveal how Tianwen-2 will attempt to hover and snatch samples from this mysterious world, what those pieces could teach us about our Solar System's history, and where China’s planetary ambitions are targeting next. Then, Chief Scientist Bruce Betts joins us for What’s Up to look ahead at asteroid missions and moments on the horizon through the end of this decade, from a Hayabusa2 flyby of asteroid Torifune next month to the 2029 close approach of asteroid Apophis. Discover more at: https://www.planetary.org/planetary-radio/2026-tianwen-2See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
After getting a stay of execution earlier this year, the lions from the former Kamo Wildlife Park are on the mend. Carolyn Press-McKenzie, who helped save the lions, spoke to Ingrid Hipkiss.
This weekend's Astronomy Daily wraps up the biggest stories from across the cosmos, starting with two completely fresh discoveries — a 1976 ocean rock that's turned out to hold atomic-scale proof of an ancient neutron star collision, and a record-breaking rocket launch from Europe's Ariane 6. Then we wind back through the week for our four biggest headlines: a new crew for Artemis III, JWST's salty 'Pink Planet' discovery, an update on the daring Swift Observatory rescue mission, and China's Tianwen-2 closing in on its target asteroid. Story 1: A Kilonova's Fingerprint, Found in a 1976 Ocean Rock • A rock sample dredged from the Pacific seafloor in 1976 has been found to contain a few hundred atoms of plutonium radioisotopes. • The plutonium originated from a kilonova — a collision between two neutron stars — that occurred over 100 million years ago. • Stellar debris from the merger settled to Earth and was slowly incorporated into a ferromanganese crust on the ocean floor. • Isotope ratios provide the strongest physical clues yet to what created the elements and roughly when the merger occurred. • Study published 18 June 2026. Story 2: Ariane 6 Smashes Its Own Heaviest-Payload Record • On 17 June 2026, an Ariane 64 rocket launched 36 Amazon Leo satellites from French Guiana (mission VA269 / LE-03). • First flight of new P160C solid boosters — about a metre longer than the previous P120C, holding up to 156 tonnes of propellant each. • Boosters deliver roughly a 10% performance increase, raising Ariane 64's LEO capacity to approximately 22 tonnes. • The mission broke the 13-year record for heaviest payload ever launched by an Ariane rocket, previously held by the 2013 ATV 'Albert Einstein' resupply flight. • Eighth Ariane 6 launch overall; 100th Amazon Leo satellite deployed by Arianespace. Story 3: Artemis III Crew Revealed • NASA announced the Artemis III crew on 9 June 2026 at Johnson Space Center: Commander Randy Bresnik, Pilot Luca Parmitano (ESA), and Mission Specialists Frank Rubio and Andre Douglas, with Bob Hines as backup. • The Artemis II crew (Wiseman, Glover, Koch, Hansen) symbolically passed their lunar baton to the new crew. • Artemis III is a two-week test flight in low Earth orbit to test docking procedures between Orion and commercial landers from SpaceX and Blue Origin. • Targeted for launch as early as late 2027, ahead of a planned lunar surface landing in 2028. • Will be Andre Douglas's first spaceflight. Story 4: JWST Cracks the 'Pink Planet' Mystery • JWST has confirmed salt clouds in the atmosphere of GJ504b, the 'Pink Planet,' located 57 light-years away. • First direct evidence of salt clouds on a cold substellar companion object, a phenomenon theorised 15 years ago. • At approximately 550°F, GJ504b is the coldest companion object ever directly imaged. • Its true nature remains uncertain — it may be a giant planet or a brown dwarf. • Research led by a Northwestern University team. Story 5: The Swift Rescue Mission Heads for the Pacific • NASA's Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory (orbiting since 2004) faces premature reentry due to orbital decay accelerated by recent solar activity. • Katalyst Space Technologies' LINK robotic servicing spacecraft will attempt to grapple and boost Swift to a safer ~600km orbit. • LINK launches on a Northrop Grumman Pegasus XL rocket, carried by Stargazer, the last flying Lockheed L-1011 TriStar. • Stargazer departed NASA Wallops Flight Facility on 18 June 2026, en route to Kwajalein Atoll via California and Hawai'i. • Launch targeted for 27 June 2026; if successful, it will be the first capture of an unprepared US government satellite by a commercial vehicle. Story 6: Tianwen-2 Closes In on Kamo'oalewa • China's Tianwen-2 spacecraft, launched May 2025, completed orbital insertion at near-Earth asteroid Kamo'oalewa on 7 June 2026. • Amateur radio trackers in Germany detected fine ion-engine course-correction burns between 11–14 June 2026. • Rendezvous and sample collection are expected around 4 July 2026. • Kamo'oalewa is a 40–100 metre quasi-satellite of Earth; its origin (possibly a lunar fragment) remains scientifically debated. • After sample return, Tianwen-2 will travel on to rendezvous with comet 311P/PanSTARRS in 2035.Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/astronomy-daily-space-news-updates--5648921/support.Sponsor Details:Ensure your online privacy by using NordVPN. To get our special listener deal and save a lot of money, visit www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. You'll be glad you did!Become a supporter of Astronomy Daily by joining our Supporters Club. Commercial free episodes daily are only a click way... Click HereThis episode includes AI-generated content.
Isabelle Legrand-Nishikawa a créé une maison d'édition vouée à publier des auteurs japonais en français. Elle forme avec son mari de nationalité japonaise un couple bi-culturel. Dans cet épisode, nous allons parler de littérature japonaise mais aussi du travail au Japon, et de son histoire d'amour au propre et au figuré avec ce pays. Bonne écoute !Mathilda MotteLe petit questionnaire Tsukimi :Son plat japonais salé préféré : les yakitori "shio" (au sel, sans la sauce).La douceur japonaise qu'elle aime par-dessus tout : le An nin tofu, une gelée de lait à l'amande.Son goût ou parfum japonais préféré : le yuzu.Si elle était un goût ou un parfum japonais, elle serait : la sauce shoyu, tout le temps en contact, universelle !Son passage saisonnier préféré : le moment où les fleurs de prunier apparaissent, à la fin de l'hiver, sa saison préférée.Sa bonne adresse autour du Japon en France : la rue Sainte-Anne à Paris, les Asia stores 78 (Marly-le-Roi) et Asia store market (Noisy-le-Roi), la Librairie le Renard Doré à Jussieu (son sous-sol dédié aux romans et livres pratiques japonais).Sa bonne adresse au Japon : Sushitetsu (restaurant de sushis à Kyoto, Pontocho, près du pont de Sanjô) et Torisei (yakitori à Kyoto), la Kamogawa de Kyoto (les bords de rivière Kamo).Son mot japonais préféré : « Oishii ».Son conseil lecture : « Une langue venue d'ailleurs » de Akira Mizubayashi ou « Alors Bleka tu n'aboies plus ? » de Hideo Furakawa.La personnalité ayant une relation privilégiée avec le Japon qu'elle souhaiterait entendre dans ce podcast : Thomas Bertrand, installé à Kyoto et ayant fondé Bento and co, boutique en ligne de bentô (et une boutique physique à Kyoto).Références :Sa maison d'édition : editions-destenouest.comHébergé par Ausha. Visitez ausha.co/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.
A landmark episode packed with discoveries at the cutting edge of space and astronomy. Webb and Hubble redefine a category of stellar object, JWST delivers unprecedented chemistry data from an extreme exoplanet, a 21-year-old NASA observatory faces a daring robotic rescue, a multi-telescope image reveals an ancient galactic supernova, China's Tianwen-2 zeroes in on a possible fragment of our own Moon, and astronomers detect the chemical fingerprint of a planet swallowed by its star. Story 1: Webb & Hubble Rewrite History: Terzan 5 Is a 'Bulge Fossil Fragment' Using the James Webb Space Telescope and archival data from Hubble spanning 12 years, researchers have definitively reclassified Terzan 5 — a stellar system 22,000 light-years away in Sagittarius — from a globular cluster to an entirely new class of object: a 'bulge fossil fragment.' Four distinct generations of stars have been identified within Terzan 5, formed 12.5 billion, 4.7 billion, 3.8 billion, and 2.5 billion years ago. Unlike a typical globular cluster with a single ancient stellar population, Terzan 5 repeatedly formed new stars by retaining the gas and heavy elements expelled by its own supernovae. Astronomers believe Terzan 5 is a surviving relic of the primordial clumps that merged to form the Milky Way's central bulge billions of years ago — a living fossil of galaxy formation. Results were presented at the 248th American Astronomical Society meeting and published in Astronomy & Astrophysics. Source: NASA / ESA / STScI press release, 16–17 June 2026 Story 2: JWST Catches the 'Roasted Exoplanet' HD 80606 b in the Act Astronomers using the James Webb Space Telescope's MIRI instrument have observed the extreme exoplanet HD 80606 b experiencing a temperature increase of 1,100°F (600°C) during its close approach to its host star. HD 80606 b is a gas giant four times the mass of Jupiter on a highly elliptical 111-day orbit. The JWST study — led by Tiffany Kataria of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory — also detected specific atmospheric chemical signatures including methane and carbon dioxide, enabling detailed study of how the planet's chemistry shifts under extreme heating. This is the most detailed look yet at an atmospheric response to a rapid, intense heating event. Results were presented at the 248th AAS meeting in Pasadena, California. Source: NASA / JPL press release, 16–17 June 2026 Story 3: Swift's Rescue Mission Cleared for Launch: LINK on the Pad NASA's Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory, which has studied gamma-ray bursts and other high-energy cosmic events since 2004, is facing re-entry as its orbit decays under increased solar activity. NASA contracted Katalyst Space Technologies in September 2025 to build and launch a robotic servicing spacecraft — called LINK — to boost Swift to a higher orbit. LINK is now encapsulated inside a Northrop Grumman Pegasus XL rocket, which has been attached to the Stargazer L-1011 carrier aircraft and is en route to Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Islands for launch later in June 2026. This will be the final flight of the Pegasus XL — the world's first privately developed orbital launch vehicle, which first flew in 1990. Its air-launch capability is uniquely suited to reaching Swift's unusual low-inclination orbit. Source: NASA press release and media teleconference, 17 June 2026 Story 4: Possible Supernova Remnant at the Galactic Centre A striking multi-telescope composite image released as NASA's Astronomy Picture of the Day on 18 June 2026 reveals a possible supernova remnant near the galactic centre — a blue X-ray-emitting structure whose light is estimated to have reached Earth approximately 1,700 years ago, in the third century CE. The image combines X-ray data from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory and ESA's XMM-Newton (the blue structure), radio data from the MeerKAT telescope in South Africa (the large red cloud), and optical background star data from the PanSTARRS telescopes in Hawaii. Source: NASA APOD, 18 June 2026. Image credit: NASA/CXC/UCLA/Z. Zhu et al.; ESA/XMM-Newton; MeerKAT; PanSTARRS Story 5: China's Tianwen-2 Closes In on Earth's 'Quasi-Moon' China's Tianwen-2 spacecraft — launched in May 2025 — performed its primary orbit insertion burn at asteroid 469219 Kamoʻoalewa on June 7, 2026, and has since been performing fine adjustment burns tracked by amateur radio astronomers in Germany and the Netherlands. China's space agency has released no official updates. Kamoʻoalewa is a 40–100 metre quasi-satellite of Earth, orbiting the Sun in a path that keeps it perpetually near our planet. Its reflectance spectrum resembles weathered lunar rock, fuelling a theory that it is a fragment blasted from the Moon by an ancient impact — though a competing theory holds that it is an ordinary inner asteroid belt migrant. Sample collection is scheduled to begin July 4, 2026. Tianwen-2 will depart Kamoʻoalewa in April 2027, with the sample return capsule landing in Inner Mongolia in late November 2027. A new paper in Nature Communications (June 2026) challenges the lunar-origin theory, suggesting Kamoʻoalewa may instead originate from the Flora asteroid family. Source: SpaceNews, Scientific American, Nature Communications, June 2026 Story 6: A Star That Ate a Planet: TOI-5882's Chemical Fingerprint Astronomers led by Brooke Kotten of the University of Michigan have identified a chemical imbalance between the two stars of binary system TOI-5882, located approximately 1,300 light-years away. One star is enriched in elements characteristic of rocky planetary material — including iron, silicon, and magnesium — while its companion is not. Because binary stars form from the same gas cloud and should have identical initial compositions, this difference is interpreted as evidence that one star subsequently ingested at least one planet. The amount of enrichment suggests the equivalent of several Earth masses of rocky material was consumed. Source: Phys.org / University of Michigan, June 15, 2026 Connect With Us Website: astronomydaily.io Social: @AstroDailyPod (X / Instagram / TikTok / Tumblr) Network: Bitesz.com Podcast NetworkBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/astronomy-daily-space-news-updates--5648921/support.Sponsor Details:Ensure your online privacy by using NordVPN. To get our special listener deal and save a lot of money, visit www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. You'll be glad you did!Become a supporter of Astronomy Daily by joining our Supporters Club. Commercial free episodes daily are only a click way... Click HereThis episode includes AI-generated content.
In dieser Folge von „Was uns bewegt“ spricht Host Wolfgang Schulz, Leiter Vertrieb für Großkunden im Markt Deutschland bei der BMW Group, mit den Mobilitätsforschern Dr.-Ing. Miriam Ruf und Dr. Jochen Hagel über Software-defined Vehicles. Gemeint sind Fahrzeuge, deren Fähigkeiten nicht mehr allein durch Hardware festgelegt sind, sondern wesentlich durch Software, Systemarchitektur, Daten und Updates geprägt werden. Die Gäste erläutern, warum Software heute der Kern vieler Fahrzeugfunktionen ist, wie neue Architekturen Updates und individuelle Anpassungen ermöglichen und weshalb sich Fahrzeuge künftig stärker an die Bedürfnisse ihrer Nutzerinnen und Nutzer anpassen werden.
Send us Fan MailDr Hannah Brew is a portfolio GP who was diagnosed with the rare condition that causes muscle weakness, not long after starting work in the UK.She tells us how she navigated life with myasthenia gravis, the impact on her career choices and why we should all have more compassion when it comes to hidden disabilities. This episode was recorded in February 2026 and edited by KAmo. Learn more about Myasthenia Gravishttps://www.nhs.uk/conditions/myasthenia-gravis/Hannah's social media detailshttps://www.thekairoxhealth.com/about-dr-hannah-brew/https://www.instagram.com/hanbrew08/https://youtube.com/@maverickmedtv?si=KMdQgRc_zRQxc_fo The music in this episode is made exclusively for AKADi Magazine by Kyekyeku and the Super Opong Stars and is called 'Life No Dey Easy'.AKADi Magazine is a digital publication connecting Ghanaians in Ghana and the Diaspora, visit us at www.akadimagazine.com , www.akadimagazine.co.uk and www.msbwrites.co.uk for all your community news.Join our socials here: https://linktr.ee/AKADiMag
Algo sorprendente: ¡un fragmento de la Luna podría haberse desprendido y se encuentra más cerca de la Tierra de lo que piensas!
As a part of this year's MINKA SUMMIT event at the end of April 2026, we had the wonderful opportunity to tour keynote speaker Jeff Berglund's fabulous riverside MACHIYA in Kyoto along the famous KAMO river.Jeff shared so many fascinating stories of design, history and culture.Jeff's Website: http://www.jeff-kyoto.com/See the images from the house tour by watching the video version of this tour on YouTube: https://youtu.be/EXRVcgVcfEc?si=oLq_KdOFkl46A2w6#renovation #traditional #japanesehouse #machiya #minka #kominka #minkasummit #housetour #kyoto
Frederic Andres ist sehr spannend. Er ist ein exzellenter Kamo-Maschinist, hat viele Jahre bei Oli gearbeitet, sogar im Kader als Werkstattleiter. Dann machte er sich selbstständig. Und liess sich – überraschenderweise – zum Tantra Masseur ausbilden. Tantra-Massage ist eine achtsame, ganzheitliche Massageform, die aus der Tantra-Philosophie inspiriert ist. Im Zentrum stehen Entspannung, Körperwahrnehmung, Atmung, Energiefluss und Sinnlichkeit. Er erzählt, wie er darauf kam, wie die Ausbildung aussieht und wie eine Entspannungsmassage letztlich abläuft. Und das ehrlich, direkt und ohne Tabu. Ein mutiger Schritt aus der Anonymität!Mehr zu seiner Arbeit : www.sinnlicherleben.ch
V pokračovaní našej témy o masturbácii sa pozrieme na to, či môže solo sex naozaj negatívne ovplyvniť vzťah, alebo je to len ďalší zbytočný strašiak. Rozoberieme legendárne mýty o chlpatých dlaniach, ale aj celkom reálne problémy - infekcie z neumytých hračiek či záhadu, prečo mal Denis sopľavý k*kot. Rozbalíme aj tému psychickej nevery, fantázií a toho, kde sa vlastne končí nevinná predstava a začína problém. Je normálne masturbovať nad kamošom? A čo robiť, keď ti do intímneho života nečakane vstúpi ex… napríklad tak, že ti cez appku “omylom” hackne vibrátor? Áno, aj toto sa stalo. Počas celého apríla prebiehajú na webe www.ruzovyslon.sk jarné zľavy! Prebuď svoje telo a doplň zásoby s kódom JAR20 . Kamoši ďakujeme vám, že ste s nami aj v roku 2026! Aj vďaka vám môžeme tvoriť obsah, ktorý otvára dôležité témy a rozhovory. Vaša podpora nás posúva ďalej a veľmi si ceníme každého z vás ❤️ Merch nájdeš na našom webe spolu s našou hrou 69 sekúnd či seksy printami! - https://sexualnavychova.com/obchod/ Followuj nás na IG: / https://www.instagram.com/sexualnavychova/ Alebo na osobných profiloch: Miška: / https://www.instagram.com/michellegraphy/
Pozvať si bývalého partnera do podcastu? Pre niekoho nočná mora, pre Mišku ideálna príležitosť na poriadnu dávku autenticity. V dnešnej epizóde privítala Lukáša, s ktorým tvorila pár tri roky. Čakajte všetko, len nie trápne ticho. Čo sa v epizóde dozviete: Tinder story: Ako to celé začalo a prečo Lukáš vyhral súťaž o "najlepšieho bradáča". Pitva rozchodu: Moment, kedy si v aute povedali "áno" rozchodu a prečo je dôležité o problémoch komunikovať hneď, nie ich zametať pod koberec. Transformácia lásky: Ako sa zo zamilovanosti stane silné priateľstvo, ktoré pretrvalo až do Miškinej svadby s Puneetom. Rodina po rozchode: Ako sa vyrovnať s tým, že už nie ste súčasťou rodiny toho druhého (aj keď si s jeho mamou stále rozumiete). Svadobný hosť: Aké to je, keď tvoj bývalý tancuje na tvojej svadbe s iným mužom? Tento diel je pre každého, kto chce pochopiť, že rozchod nemusí byť vojna, ale dospelé rozhodnutie dvoch ľudí, ktorí sa majú radi, no už nepatria k sebe ako partneri. Ak chceš počuť aj viac spicy z nášho vzťahu, aký sme mali seks, kde všade sme to robili, či si vieme predstaviť trojku s Puneetom a oveľa viac, tak počúvaj aj extra Hero Hero epizódu - https://herohero.co/sexualnavychova/post/digkytnpebaxhwohkodwnmxkeklsvzw Kamoši a kamošky! Prvý event tohto roku je tu! Už 22.4. sa vidíme v KUBI´S the nook, kde si spoločne užijeme naše legendárne Never Have I Ever Bingo! Nezabudni sledovať naše sociálne siete, aby ti nič ohľadom tohto eventu neušlo! Lístky nájdeš už teraz na našom webe - https://sexualnavychova.com/produkt/never-have-i-ever-bingo-we-are-back/ Kamoši ďakujeme vám, že ste s nami aj v roku 2026! Aj vďaka vám môžeme tvoriť obsah, ktorý otvára dôležité témy a rozhovory. Vaša podpora nás posúva ďalej a veľmi si ceníme každého z vás ❤️ Merch nájdeš na našom webe spolu s našou hrou 69 sekúnd či seksy printami! - https://sexualnavychova.com/obchod/ Followuj nás na IG: / https://www.instagram.com/sexualnavychova/ Alebo na osobných profiloch: Miška: / https://www.instagram.com/michellegraphy/
"Kršćani ne mašu mačevima, kršćani nose križ. Isus je uskrsnuo da nam pokaže kamo idemo s križem." Boris Beck
This episode we close out discussion of this reign with a bit of a grab bag. There is the minting of new coins, new letters to write Japanese, board games, and more. For more, check out our blogpost: https://sengokudaimyo.com/podcast/episode-146 Rough Transcript Welcome to Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan. My name is Joshua, and this is episode 146: Coins, Letters, Games, and More The large audience hall was filled with nobles, sitting in pairs across from each other. Throughout the hall, the roof and walls reverberated with the sounds of numerous stone markers being placed on painted wooden tables—or more appropriately, game boards. It was accompanied by the sound of dice clattering. At the far end of the hall was the royal presence, where his majesty could likewise join in the entertainment—with someone of sufficient standing, of course. Throughout the day there were bursts of joy and frustration throughout the hall. In some instances, one could see two players sharing in the joy and love of the game. In other cases, political rivals stared each other down, neither one willing to give away any strategic advantage. Any smiles there were merely a mask. And yet, no matter how hard one tried, there was only so much you could do. Ultimately, your fate was in the hands of the dice, though you could certainly do your best to nudge it here and there. And so they continued. As they played, small wagers were made between players. At the conclusion of their match, each player could find another opponent, and see if their luck held out. Victory was desired, but at the very least one didn't want to be embarrassed. As such, losing gracefully was just as important as winning with humility. Sure, there were the petty stakes that were gambled here and there, but the real stakes were embedded in the politics of the court. That was a game that everyone was playing, except that there was no board, and the rules were often merely suggestions, at best. This episode we are going to close out the reign of Ohoama, aka Temmu Tenno. It has been a while getting here—but then again, Ohoama's reign is the best documented so far, almost like the entire Chronicle has built up to this point. We have spent about a dozen episodes on this reign—not including the four before that discussing the Jinshin no Ran. During that time we've talked about how Ohoama continued the Ritsuryou experiment, while at the same time shaping it into something that was even more directly under his control. A lot of this appears to have been done with the mostly willing consent of a good part of the archipelago. That may have been because of a few different things. For one, all of this was justified through the philosophical underpinnings of the continent. This is the new knowledge that the court had been devouring for over a century, and so I suspect that none of it seemed particularly surprising or out of place. Furthermore, it seems that Ohoama's actions may have appealed to some of the more middle-tier elites; those for whom the idea of a government stipend was quite appealing. There was also the external threat of Silla and Tang. Though in reality, Silla was in conflict with the Tang dynasty, up until the conclusion of the Silla-Tang War, around 676. In truth, the Tang court wouldn't recognize Sillan sovereignty south of the Taedong river until 736, so there were still tensions. However, early on in the reign there was at least the thought that hostilities could spill over onto the archipelago. And then there are all of the projects. The designation of national temples, the beginning of a national history project, the founding of a permanent capital city, and the creation of a formal code—the Asuka Kiyomihara Code. Compared to all of that, the topics of this episode really are some miscellaneous stuff that I didn't have anywhere else to put, but wanted to bring to light anyway. First, we'll talk about the minting of coins, and what that meant. Once again, this is really neat because we actually have some coins that appear to be from this time frame, providing what might be a direct relationship between what is written down and what we have in the archaeological record. Then we'll touch on another project of Ohoama's—this one less successful than some of the others we've discussed. This was an attempt to create a new writing system specific to the Japanese language. Remember, at this point literate people in the archipelago were using kanji to write everything down, and for the most part they were using kanbun—so Sinitic characters and grammar, with occasional use of characters purely for their phonetic qualities when they absolutely had to spell something out. Eventually this would evolve into the syllabaries of katakana and hiragana, but there were several false starts before that, and we'll talk about what was being attempted during Ohoama's reign. Beyond those court projects we'll talk about some of the kami and Buddhist related rituals, especially as they related to growing merit and attempting to protect the state and its people from disasters—natural or otherwise. And then there are various omens, and just a few edicts that were more geared towards the court but are still fun, like when Ohoama forced the entire court to join him for a day of… board games. I guess when you are the sovereign and trying to set up a game day, scheduling is suddenly not so big of a problem. So that's what we are going to cover. We are skipping around throughout the reign, and so while I'll mention dates here and there, I'll try not to get too bogged down with the exact dates unless it really matters. First off: coins. We are going to start somewhere in the middle, on the 15th day of the 4th month of 683. It is here that we see a note that Ohoama decreed that copper coins would be used, and not silver. Remember that a silver mine had been discovered in Tsushima back in 674. At that time we know that there were silver coins being made, but in 683 it looks like they were changing from silver to copper. But three days later, they reversed the decision to completely cancel the silver coins, so they presumably had both silver and copper coins. Coins are interesting for several reasons. For one, coins often help us to date various collections—if they are distinctive enough. They can be quite helpful in telling us that a particular archaeological assemblage is almost certainly from sometime after the coins had begun to be circulated. After all, if you unearth a stratum of an archeological dig and you find a penny dated to 1912, you can be reasonably confident that that layer was last exposed on or after 1912, unless time travel was at play. There are some exceptions where animals or tree roots or other forces can disturb the layering, but that's why archeologists carefully pay attention to soil features. That isn't to say that all coins of the time had clear dates on them. In fact, the oldest coins we have in the archipelago are something called "Mumon Ginsen"—literally unmarked silver coins. They are found in various assemblages and thought to have originated under Naka no Oe, aka Tenji Tennou. The silver from Tsushima would have likely been used for this. For many reasons it is unclear if these were minted by the state or if they were privately minted and circulated. The copper coin mentioned in Ohoama's record in the Nihon Shoki would appear to be what is known as a Fuhonsen coin, which we also have extant examples of. These are round copper coins with a square hole in the middle, as was common on the continent. The previous unmarked silver coins were just small circles of solid silver. In contrast, the Fuhonsen bear the characters "FU-HON": FU, or "Tomi", means wealth, and HON, or "moto", means something like base or basis. "SEN" just refers to the fact that it is a coin. So the coin represents the basis of wealth. They are just under an inch in diameter, and 1.5 millimeters thick. While primarily copper, they do have traces of antimony, silver, and bismuth. The use of copper was likely because of its lower melting point, which would have been easier to cast with. So it seems that these were the new copper coins mentioned in the Chronicles, and the intent was originally to completely replace any silver currency. I suspect that they quickly realized that they could not easily replace all of the silver, and so the older silver coins were probably still in circulation—though I don't know if any new ones were being minted. We don't exactly know how the coins were used. They weren't being used to pay taxes or similar things—that was still all being handled in rice, silk, cloth, and labor. They might have been used by the government to pay individuals, who would then exchange them for goods, but they were probably not used very often between individuals. There is even some suggestion that they had a more ritual meaning. Coins of a similar shape—round with a square hole in the center—go back to at least 350 BCE on the continent, and were quite common by the time of the Han dynasty. The round hole allowed them to be placed on strings—you'll often see references to strings of cash. In the Qin dynasty, a string was meant to be a superunit, made up of 1000 coins. Merchants and others operating at some scale could then just pay in "strings" of cash rather than counting out each and every coin. It also provided a way of transporting them. Anyone doing business in east Asia would have encountered coinage from one of the dynasties on the mainland, and we certainly see various coins making their way over to the archipelago, though how exactly they were used and valued isn't certain. It may have been more important to just have them on hand for trips to the continent so that an embassy or trading vessel could participate in the economy, there. The next coin to be minted in the archipelago itself wasn't until 708, and that was the Wadokaichin, or Wado coins, named for the four characters around the square hole, which included the era name that they were created, "Wado". This seems to have kicked off an actual national currency that would only last for a couple hundred years before it was debased and lost its value. For centuries after that, rice was once again the primary currency, and would continue to be so, even though the Tokugawa shogunate would begin to mint and issue coins again through much of their rule. Still, coins were often outside the grasp of most of the common people. While coins may not have fully caught on, they did better than our next project. This was a task that was given to Sakahibe no Muraji no Iwashiki who compiled, by royal command, a new set of characters, which were recorded in a book of 44 volumes. Though this book is no longer extant, we do have later sources that claim it was once in the royal library. It describes the characters as similar to Sanskrit characters. This appears to be an attempt to create an alphabet, or syllabary, for the Japanese language. While Yamato had adopted the Sinitic systems of logographic writing, it wasn't exactly up to the task of directly writing in Japanese. For one thing, the languages had different sounds that they used, and in different combinations. Furthermore, grammatically, the two were quite different. Many Sinitic languages are Subject, Verb, Object, similar to English, while Japanese is Subject, Object, Verb, meaning the verb goes at the end. But beyond that, Japanese relies extensively on conjugation of verbs, with verbs and adjectives changing to express tense and other such things that Sinitic languages, such as modern Putonghua and languages such as Middle Chinese handle in other ways. To give an English speaking person a similar experience, imagine writing sentences as "The bird in the tree sat" or "the man the bread at the store bought". Now remove many of the articles and prepositions, so you get things like "bird tree sit" and "man bread store buy". You can imagine how that can really get unwieldy if you want to convey more nuanced concepts. Japanese would either need to add a phonetic writing system—which it did—or it would need to come up with new characters to use in place of the special qualities of the language. Or they would need to continue to write in Sinitic grammatical order and continue to do the translation to Japanese on the fly. One can imagine that this was hardly efficient—in order to learn how to write you would basically have to learn a whole new language. That these new symbols were similar to characters associated with Sanskrit also makes sense, and we even see similar attempts on the continent, though they had other writing systems to compare to as well. For example, we see the Persian Sogdian, written with a variation of Syriac script, and the Ghandari language written with its own Ghandari or Kharosthi script, but the influence of Buddhism likely explains why scripts associated with Sanskrit likely had a greater influence than other languages. I should note here that Sanskrit itself does not have a single script—today, people probably think of the Devanagari script, commonly used in India, but that doesn't seem to have been developed until the 8th century. The work of Iwashiki was likely based on something like the Siddham, or Kutila, script. This is an abudgida, where consonants and vowels are connected together when written. This would have worked well for the Japanese language as phonemes are often grouped together as consonant-vowel clusters known as morae. Siddham evolved in the late 6th century and many Buddhist scripts that were making their way along the Silk Road would have used it. However, it is said that Siddham proper—or at least as we know it today—was introduced to Japan by the famous monk Kuukai in the early 9th century. If that is the case, then what script was Iwashiki using as his inspiration? Regardless of the details, this new script doesn't seem to have taken off. It may have just been too much to ask someone to learn the various kanji AND another system on top of that. Instead, the Japanese would adopt certain kanji over time, and simplify them into what we know, today, as kana. Our earliest example is what we know of as Man'yogana, named for the Man'yoshu, an 8th century collection of poems attributed to various contemporary and historical figures. Because the poetic structure of Japanese required specific counts of syllables or, more specifically, morae, it was important to capture the actual pronunciation of the language. Certain characters were chosen and used over and over again purely for their phonetic value, rather than any other inherent meaning. Over time, those characters were simplified and standardized, developing into the katakana and hiragana still used today. While it was these organically-evolving systems that would eventually be most popular and fill the gap, but it is still incredible to see someone deliberately tackling the problem at this early date. Moving on from money and writing, let's turn now to matters of the kami and the Buddha. Yamato existed in a world that saw itself as being caught between forces both seen and unseen. Besides the natural world there was the spiritual world, and to many it was just as real as anything else. We've talked all along about the interplay between the court, the kami and the Buddha, and some of the evidence we see is relatively simple. For instance, in 675, the Ohokami, the great god, of Tosa presented a divine sword to the sovereign. I doubt that a kami was showing up in person to the court—this would have been priests from the shrine. Aston suggests that the kami in question was probably either Hitokotonushi no Mikoto or Misukitakahikone no Mikoto, quoting "authorities" which he does not otherwise name. We get more serious, though, when it comes to major events. And the drought and famine of 676 seems to fit that description. As you may recall from episode 144, the governor of Shimotsukeno reported a bad harvest in the 5th month, and by the 6th month we see more reports coming in of a great drought. Clothing was collected for the Buddhist temples to help build merit. Later, there was a comet in the sky, and then, in the 8th month, we see that the court compelled the Kuni no Miyatsuko and the governors to all contribute to an Ohoharae, or Great Purification. Eventually, the Ohoharae would become a regular ceremony held on the 30th day of the 6th and 12th months of the year, with royal princes down to the high ministers gathering at the southern gate—the Suzaku-mon. Members of the Urabe, the Diviners, would read the various norito, the ritual prayers, to disperse evil influences. It was, and is,also used when there is a royal visit to the Ise or Kamo shrines, as well as at the Dajosai festival at the start of a new reign. It can also be done if there is thought to have been some kind of offense that was committed. "Harae", or "purification", is a common part of Shinto ritual today. From the simple washing of the hands and mouth before entering the shrine grounds to pray to spiritual purification performed by a priest who waves a large stick with paper streamers—the ohonusa or haraegushi—while chanting prayers to ward off evil influences, purification is a key component in Shinto, which often concerns itself with aspects of spiritual pollution. And so the Oho-harae, the Great Purification, is that, but turned up to eleven. The litany used for the Ohoharae, today, is also known as the Nakatomi no Ohoharae, indicating the importance of the Nakatomi in the ritual. This Ohoharae, however, was taking place in the 8th month, and may not have had all of the traditions of the later rituals we know today. Rather, we are told what was required: The Kuni no Miyatsuko of the provinces were instructed to send one horse and a piece of cloth to specific shrines of purification. In addition, the governors of the various districts were each told to supply one sword, one deerskin, one mattock, one smaller sword, one sickle, one set of arrows, and one sheaf of rice. In addition, each household had to supply a bundle of hemp cloth. These may not have been used in the ritual as much as they were offerings to the kami and their shrine. We'll see this in various cases where the State places rather onerous financial requirements on the population in order to perform rituals. Of course, by the logic of the time, whatever was donated would make the ritual more effective—it would be more pleasing to the kami. Still this seems remarkably costly in a year where we are told that the peasants were starving just a few months prior. I'll also take this moment to point out a link here to something that anyone who has been to a shrine may be familiar with, and that is the donation of horses. Horses were common enough a donation—if people of status rode horses, then how much more so the kami themselves? Sacred or votive horses could be used to carry the kami, and even today some shrines keep sacred horses for the kami. However, not everyone has horses to donate, and I suspect that the shrine probably didn't need an entire herd of horses. And so some would pay money for an image of a horse, instead, to be hung in the shrine, likely indicating the donor. Of course, this wasn't just a picture, but an official record of some kind of donation, which could theoretically go to purchase horses and other such things that the shrine might need. These pictures of horses were known as "e-ma", literally "picture horse", and we still see them today: The most common type of e-ma will be small wooden placards sold at the shrine, and people will write their desires on the back, with their name and information. They will often be found hanging in groups on specially designated racks meant for that purpose. Today, e-ma might have horses on them, but more often have other pictures, associated with the particular shrine and kami. Speaking of horses, we have a couple more references to them this year. At some point, Ohoama had issued an edict seeking horses, not just for riding, but other good horses so that the givernment would have them when needed, distributed to the various post-stations. So when he was returning from a banquet by the Todoroki pool in Hatsuse—modern Hase--Ohoama made a diversion to the post-station of Tomi and had the horses demonstrate their speed. Presumably this was just a horse race, which seems to be popular around the world, in any place with horses. We see something similar when we are told that Ohoama went to Asatsuma to inspect the horses of the officials there. At his request, the officials organized a competition of horseback archery. This appears to reference the famous art of Yabusame—though it may not have been recognized as such just yet, there is some thought that the idea of a horsed archer shooting at three targets while galloping past may have originated in the 6th century, with ties to Usa Jingu. Still, horseback archery would remain important, and later it would become the primary art of the warrior class from about the 12th to the 13th century or so—and arguably even up until the Sengoku period, with its spear formations and foreign guns. Later, in the 10th lunar month of 681, Ohoama and the court were prepared to go hunting on the Hirose plain. A temporary palace was prepared and all of the bags were packed, but ultimately, Ohoama didn't go. Instead, those from the rank of Prince to high ministers stayed at Karunoichi—a market at a cross-roads in the Nara basin that likely was the location of a government stable. There, they inspected the horses and saddle equipment. Those from the rank of Shokin up sat under the trees while those of Daisen and below mounted up and passed along from south to north. Not quite as exciting as horse racing or horsed archery, but who doesn't like a parade. One wonders what happened to call off the hunt. Perhaps Ohoama, while not bedridden, was not in the best of health. If he was having some kind of recurring problems then that could explain some of the merit-making as well. You may recall we discussed how much merit the state seemed to be trying to make in support of the sovereign's health, which we discussed in episode 142. Getting back to the Ohoharae—the great purification. That was followed up by a general amnesty, which we talked about last episode, as well as a command to let loose living things. This is a Buddhist practice that one still sees today in various places, usually in the form of letting loose animals like fish and birds that were kept by individuals. I don't think they were just opening up the paddocks and letting the horses, cattle, and other animals go. As fascinating as that might be to contemplate, with horses just running wild and cattle trampling the rice fields, I doubt they took it that far. Still, this practice was clearly an attempt to make more merit for the State. This edict was repeated only a few months later, in the 11th lunar month, but then it was confined to those provinces that were considered to be "near" to the capital, so a little more focused. The day after that second release of animals, men were dispatched to all parts to expound the Konkwoumyou and Ninou sutras. This was the Sutra of Golden Light and the Sutra of the Benevolent King—both sutras focused on concepts of good rulership and protection of the State. In fact, together with the Lotus Sutra, they would come to be considered the Gokoku Sanbukyou—the Three sutras for Protection of the State. They were read for the purpose of averting disaster, but they also helped to prop up the image of a righteous and benevolent ruler—what might be termed a golden-wheel turning sovereign, or Chakravarti. So all of this would seem to simultaneously reflect an intention to protect the State while also demonstrating performative regnal righteousness. It was, after all, what a good ruler was supposed to do, which also conveniently told people what a good ruler was supposed to do. It is unclear whether or not the court actually felt this did anything. I would note that a month later they were asking Princes and Ministers to gather up weapons, so it is possible that they were concerned about more than just natural disasters— such as a concern that the people were getting restless. A few days later, we see more largess, as the court made presents to public functionaries and men of the frontier states. It is unclear to me if this is a reward of some sort or perhaps an attempt to boost their morale and support. Later in that month we see preparations for the upcoming Feast of First Fruits, or Niinamesai, two months later. We are told that the Jingikan, the Office of Kami Matters, had made the divination that the Yuki, the ceremonially pure rice for the ritual would come from the District of Yamada, in Owari. For the Sugi, the "next" lower quality of rice, that would come from the district of Kasa, in Tamba. The feast went off as usual in the 11th month, pre-empting the normal announcement of the first of the month. Later in the record we see that preparations were started for another Ohoharae, or Great Purification, and a general amnesty was issued. This time, instead of sending horses for the kami, the Miyatsuko of each province were to supply one male and one female servant to the shrines, instead. Fifteen days later, in the intercalary 7th lunar month—an extra month inserted to keep the lunar and solar calendars in synch—we see the queen, Uno, hosting a feast after ritual fasting. She then had sutras expounded throughout the capital. I find it particularly interesting that this was apparently instigated by the queen, but along with the Ohoharae, this all speaks towards the feeling that the State needed to be purified and supplied with good merit. The Ohoharae was not the only way to curry favor with the kami. For example, in one record we see Ohoama designating sacred rice-tax for the shrines of Heaven and Earth—shrines for the Amatsu kami and Kunitsu kami. One third of the rice was to go to the kami directly, while two thirds of the rice was to go to the priests who kept the shrines going. This same year, 677, we aren't told where the rice for the Niiname-sai came from, but we are told that those who donated as well as members of the Jingikan, who were involved in the divination and ritual more generally, were all compensated for their troubles with various presents. The Jingikan is one of those aspects of the new, bureaucratic state, that feels extremely tied to the archipelago. It literally is the Bureau of Kami Matters, or the Bureau of Kami Affairs—the Kami no Tsukasa. It would even come to be ranked above the Council of State in the official org chart of the government. While the government had national temples and appointed members of the clergy who were responsible for keeping the Buddhist institutions in line with the State, the Jingikan was that entity for court ritual, and even for interfacing with various shrines around the country. In the 10th century, all of the official shrines across the archipelago would be catalogued and assessed a rank and position, with Ise Shrine and the royal court at the top of the list. Speaking of the national temples, the fourth month of 680 was when Ohoama designated the national temples—which we also covered in Episode 142. On the first day of month after that, we are told that he bestowed gifts of silk and cloth to 24 temples around the capital; and if there really were 24 temples just around the capital itself, one can imagine why they had to put a stop to publicly funding all of them. That must have been quite the upkeep. That same day, the Golden Light Sutra was expounded in the palace and at select temples as well. As we've seen, the court relied just as heavily—or more—on Buddhism for certain rituals and providing spiritual power. While both Kami-based rituals and Buddhism were revered for their ability to affect the supernatural, Buddhist priests seem to have had a particularly revered place in—or perhaps more rightly outside—of society. One is more likely to hear about someone who was a Buddhist priest or a novice being revered than a kannushi, or shrine priest. For example, in the 7th month of 680, the priest Kouchou, of Asukadera, passed away. The royal princes Ohotsu and Takechi were sent to express royal condolence. Later that same year we would see something similar, with Royal—later Crown—Prince Kusakabe visiting the eminent priest (Y)emyou on his death bed. Yemyou died the next day, and three royal princes were sent to offer the condolences on behalf of the royal family. Towards the end of 680, Ohoama fell ill. One hundred individuals were made to take holy orders on his behalf, after which he appears to have recovered—or at least recovered enough for the time. Earlier in the month his queen, Uno no Sarara, had taken ill, for which Ohoama had pledged to build Yakushiji, a temple of the Medicine Buddha, as we talked about in Episode 142. Although Ohoama temporarily recovered, we have mentioned how there are plenty of suggestions that he may not have been entirely better. It could just be that time and numerous diseases were taking a toll, or perhaps he had an ailment that came and went. I get that impression from things like in the 10th month of 685, as autumn changed to winter, several nobles were sent to Shinano to build a temporary palace in preparation for a royal progress. It seems that Ohoama wanted to visit the hot springs at Tsukama. Tsukama may have been located on the outskirts of modern Matsumoto city, in Nagano, which is known for its hot springs, today. Bentley implies that the court was not entirely thrilled with Ohoama taking this journey. I have to wonder whether or not this was all about Ohoama's health—hot springs were often seen as restorative. At the same time, this sounds like a fairly long journey into the mountains as the weather was growing colder. That also may have been part of the draw, however, allowing them to travel and see the changing leaves, a very common pastime in successive centuries, and even today. I can't help but imagine that Ohoama was seeking the restorative properties, while his court may have been apprehensive about the journey there and back as the days were getting colder. Compare this to his actions at the start of the Jinshin no Ran, when he made that incredible dash from Yoshino, through the mountains, over to Owari. But that was well over a decade ago, at this point, and he seems not quite so spry as he once had been. Another popular record that we find in this reign were various oddities and omens. We've covered quite a few, but I did want to cover a few more before we pull the curtain closed on this era. First off, early in the reign, we see a record in the 10th month of 675 for a woman in the district of Takakura, in the province of Sagami, giving birth to triplets. A quick Internet search suggests that natural triplets occur in about 1 in every 8000 or 10,000 births. However, there is another thing to consider at this time: giving birth to a single child was already a risky business, and death during or just after childbirth was a constant threat. So now consider the issues with giving birth to twins or even triplets. The odds that there is a complication just go up at that point. So I suspect this was a very rare occurrence. The fact that it was three sons was probably also seen as particularly auspicious, at least for any who were studying traditional Confucian scholarship. Moving on to the 4th day of the 4th lunar month of that same year, we get an omen for the court. First is a cock sent to the court by Wanitsumi no Yogoto, from the Lower Sofu district in Yamato province. This cock is said to have had a comb like a camelia flower, which was apparently quite auspicious. On the other hand, a report came in from Akunami, also in Yamato province, about a hen that had turned into a cock. Aston, of course, considers that this would have been an ominous sign—a disruption of the natural order. To be honest, I don't see any particular judgment placed on it one way or the other. It is just listed as a wondrous or miraculous occurrence. The year 678 has remarkably few events, in total, with nothing recorded between the 4th and 9th months. And the 9th month was just a note about the death of one, Prince Wakasa, of the third princely rank. The month after that we have another one of those strange occurrences. This time it is a report of something falling from the sky like silk floss, except that it was 5 or 6 feet long and 7 or 8 inches wide. It supposedly floated on the wind and waved from the fir woods and the reed plains. People who saw it called it kanro, or "sweet nectar". This is really just a crazy entry. I've wracked my brains to think of a natural event that could cause something like this, but this seems like something that was more like a rumor that got written down. "Kanro" is thought to be something that Buddhist texts refer to as "Amrita", an exlixir of immortality. In continental lore, it is said to be a sweet nectar that forms when yin and yang are in harmony—such as during a benevolent reign. So whatever the truth of any natural event, to the Chroniclers the entry is clearly a chance to hype up Ohoama's reign. And then, towards the end of the 8th month, we see Katsura no Miyatsuko no Oshikatsu presenting auspicious stalks of grain. Reportedly they all came from different plots and yet had very similar ears of grain. Auspicious stalks of rice weren't uncommon, but Aston suggests that this was possibly an allegory for all of the royal princes who were brought together in Yoshino to swear to support each other. The 8th month may have been when the grain was harvested—because it wasn't until the final month of the year that we see the court reacting. At that point presents were made to the Royal and non-Royal Princes, the Ministers, and the public functionaries, all according to rank, in consequence of the auspicious stalks of grain. In addition there was an amnesty for all offences from capital crimes on down. Now on top of all of that, there were a few edicts that touched on various topics that we just haven't gotten to, elsewhere. For instance, in the 8th month of 681, on the 10th day, we see a notification to all of the people in the archipelago who claimed descent from those from the continent—specifically those from the Korean peninsula, or the Samhan. They were told that the taxes, which had previously been remitted for 10 years, so starting in 671, had come to an end. However, corvee labor was still remitted for ten years to them and their children and grandchildren who had been with them when they first arrived. There are some questions about this passage, but in general it seems that those refugees who had escaped to the archipelago from Baekje and Goguryeo had previously been given 10 years from the time they arrived during which they did not owe taxes. This included corvee labor—which also extended to any children that had been with them at the time. Children that were born after that… well they wouldn't be of age to be used as corvee labor in 10 years so this would only apply to those who were with them at the time and who would be of age within that 10 year timeframe. This exemption from taxes appears several times in different forms, and appears to be a grace period, during which people were expected to establish themselves, open fields, and begin to thrive. At the end of 10 years, then they would start paying taxes, with the assumption that they had more than enough time to prepare and work the land. Moving on to one of my favorite entries, on the 18th day of the 9th lunar month in 685, Ohoama declared a game day. He had the Princes and Ministers gather at the Ohoandono, the Great Audience Hall, and had them play a game called "Pakugi" or "Bakugi". We aren't quite sure what the rules were—it probably wasn't Settlers of Catan, but you never know. It was likely a game with dice, possibly a version of backgammon, which is quite old and commonly known as a game for gambling. That same day, Ohoama gave out gifts of robes and trousers to ten princes and others—perhaps related to the gaming session? The history of games and gaming is particularly fascinating. For one thing, many of the games that were played in the archipelago had come from the continent, and many had variants that had traversed the entirety of Eurasia. Backgammon and Chess were both games that had variants that would be known in Japan. Backgammon was known as sugoroku, and in Japan they played a game similar to chess known as Shogi. They would also play go—or more appropriately igo—from at least the Nara period, though that game, invented in what is now China, does not seem to have spread quite as much as either backgammon or chess variants. And while chess was a game that was often highly localized—with different pieces representing different things and often moving in different ways depending on the variant—backgammon seems to have been quite similar everywhere, and could probably be played by two people with wildly different cultural backgrounds with very little interpretation needed. The day after Ohoama had the court join his game day, there were more presents. This time it was brown bear hides given to the royal and non-royal princes. In total there were 48 hides given out, which is really pretty incredible. I have this image in my mind of a very Asuka era wooden mansion, with wood and bronze and silk, and then a large bear hide sprawled out on the floor. I'm not sure exactly how they were used, but I suspect that they were mostly used as floor coverings for people to sit or lay on, though I could also see them being used as sleeping mats. It seems they were clearly elite status goods, but hardly what we think about in this period. And that is where we are going to come to a close. There are only a few more things that we'll get to, but they are all related to what happened with the events surrounding Ohoama's death and the succession that followed, so we'll touch on those when we kick off the next reign. Until then if you like what we are doing, please tell your friends and feel free to rate us wherever you listen to podcasts. If you feel the need to do more, and want to help us keep this going, we have information about how you can donate on Patreon or through our KoFi site, ko-fi.com/sengokudaimyo, or find the links over at our main website, SengokuDaimyo.com/Podcast, where we will have some more discussion on topics from this episode. Also, feel free to reach out to our Sengoku Daimyo Facebook page. You can also email us at the.sengoku.daimyo@gmail.com. Thank you, also, to Ellen for their work editing the podcast. And that's all for now. Thank you again, and I'll see you next episode on Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.
Eiropas prokuratūras krimināllieta saistībā ar IT sistēmu iepirkumu raisījusi satraukumu un spekulācijas, cik drošas ir rudenī gaidāmās Saeimas vēlēšanas. Valsts prezidents pēc iepazīšanās ar Eiropas prokuratūras informāciju ir izteicis aicinājumu balsis skaitīt ar rokām, bet Satversmes aizsardzības birojs potenciālos drošības riskus vēl izvērtē. Kādi tie varētu būt un kādēļ mums tā neiet ar vēlēšanu sistēmām? Par to diskutējam raidījumā Krustpunktā. Analizē Centrālās vēlēšanu komisijas priekšsēdētājs Māris Zviedris, Viedās administrācijas un reģionālās attīstības ministrijas valsts sekretāra vietnieks digitālās transformācijas jautājumos Gatis Ozols, domnīcas "Providus" pētniece Līga Stafecka un "Possible Security" tehniskais direktors Krišjānis Feldmans.
Eiropas prokuratūras krimināllieta saistībā ar IT sistēmu iepirkumu raisījusi satraukumu un spekulācijas, cik drošas ir rudenī gaidāmās Saeimas vēlēšanas. Valsts prezidents pēc iepazīšanās ar Eiropas prokuratūras informāciju ir izteicis aicinājumu balsis skaitīt ar rokām, bet Satversmes aizsardzības birojs potenciālos drošības riskus vēl izvērtē. Kādi tie varētu būt un kādēļ mums tā neiet ar vēlēšanu sistēmām? Par to diskutējam raidījumā Krustpunktā. Analizē Centrālās vēlēšanu komisijas priekšsēdētājs Māris Zviedris, Viedās administrācijas un reģionālās attīstības ministrijas valsts sekretāra vietnieks digitālās transformācijas jautājumos Gatis Ozols, domnīcas "Providus" pētniece Līga Stafecka un "Possible Security" tehniskais direktors Krišjānis Feldmans.
Priemerný tínedžer dnes vidí za hodinu viac nahých tiel a sexu, ako generácie jeho predkov za celé svoje životy. Napriek tomu sexuálna aktivita mladých ľudí rapídne klesá. Čo sa deje s naším mozgom? V tejto epizóde s Denisom z podcastu Mozgová Atletika preberáme, ako sociálne siete a porno hackli náš dopamínový systém. Evolúcia nás naprogramovala tak, aby bolo rozmnožovanie naším hlavným motorom. Dnes však čelíme ultradopamínovým stimulom bez akejkoľvek námahy. Výsledok? Strata libida, neschopnosť udržať pozornosť a potreba vyhľadávať stále extrémnejšie veci na dosiahnutie uspokojenia. Zistite, prečo vás reálny partner už nebaví a ako tento dopamínový prepad zastaviť. Kamoši ďakujeme vám, že ste s nami aj v roku 2026! Aj vďaka vám môžeme tvoriť obsah, ktorý otvára dôležité témy a rozhovory. Vaša podpora nás posúva ďalej a veľmi si ceníme každého z vás ❤️ Merch nájdeš na našom webe spolu s našou hrou 69 sekúnd či seksy printami! - https://sexualnavychova.com/obchod/ Chceš viac, než čo sa zmestí do epizód?
Kde končí extrémna sexuálna fantázia a začína vražda? S Rišom Mažonasom (Vražedné psyché) analyzujeme najtemnejšie odchýlky na sadomasochistickom spektre, pri ktorých bol sex motívom na zabíjanie. V tejto epizóde Sexuálnej výchovy detailne rozoberáme aj: • Prípad Armina Meiwesa: Vražda a kanibalizmus na priame požiadanie obete. • Zvrátené sexuálne fetiše a psychológiu Jeffreyho Dahmera. • Nekrofíliu a myseľ slovenského sériového vraha Ondreja Riga. Kamoši ďakujeme vám, že ste s nami aj v roku 2026! Aj vďaka vám môžeme tvoriť obsah, ktorý otvára dôležité témy a rozhovory. Vaša podpora nás posúva ďalej a veľmi si ceníme každého z vás ❤️ Merch nájdeš na našom webe spolu s našou hrou 69 sekúnd či seksy printami! - https://sexualnavychova.com/obchod/ Chceš viac, než čo sa zmestí do epizód?
Z materskej dovolenky a túžby zabaviť seba aj ostatných sa zrodila kariéra komičky, ktorá paroduje každodenné situácie a často rozosmieva celé Slovensko. Klaudia Rusnák alias Hello Klaudi často s ľahkou iróniou a nadhľadom poukazuje na slovenské stereotypy. Tak trochu z Bratislavy, trochu z rodiny, trochu zo sveta celebrít. Dokonca priznáva, že v niektorých reelskách necháva vybraným ľuďom skryté odkazy.K dnešnému dňu jej skeče oslovili tisíce ľudí a Klaudia má na sociálnych sieťach vyše 120 000 followerov. V našom otvorenom rozhovore sa nám priznala, čo ju posúva vpred, ako zvláda materstvo a tvorbu a prečo je podľa nej autentickosť silnejšia než perfektný filter.O tom, prečo je humor jej superpower, aké sú vzťahy medzi influencermi, čo by poradila svojmu mladšiemu ja a prečo offline večery nie sú žiadna prehra.V podcaste sa ďalej dozviete:-Vzťahy medzi influencermi: existujú tu aj priateľstvá a aké sú podľa nej rozdiely medzi generáciami Z a mileniálmi.-Prečo vlastní starý vyklápací telefón a kedy ho používa.-Pravidlá rovnováhy: prečo si myslí, že offline je niekedy lepšie ako nonstop scrollovanie.-Autenticita vs. perfektnosť: prečo sa snaží byť úprimná aj na Instagrame aj v reálnom živote.-Pikošky zo života online: čo sa stane, keď sa tvorba spojí s realitou — či už je to reakcia verejnosti, alebo tie momenty, keď si radšej dá offline večer bez internetu.-Čo by si poradila, keby mala o dvadsať rokov menej.Vypočujte si to všetko v dnešnom podcaste Ženy ako my so slovenskou komičkou Klaudiou Rusnák. Na odber nových dielov podcastu Ženy ako my sa môžete prihlásiť cez iTunes,Google Podcasts alebo Spotify, kde nájdete nielen okrem tejto novej časti aj všetky ostatné.
Krv na toaleťáku dokáže vydesiť každého. Je to len „zlatá žila“ alebo niečo horšie? A hlavne – čo sa bude diať, keď s tým pôjdeš k lekárovi? V tejto epizóde sme zahodili hanbu a vyspovedali pána doktora Gergelyho Kremeshnyyho, aby sme zistili, čo sa reálne deje za dverami proktologickej ambulancie. Pýtali sme sa na všetko, čo vás zaujíma (aj na to, čo sa bojíte vygoogliť):
Aká národnosť je podľa vás najviac sexy?
Pokračovanie rozhovoru je na HEROHERO - https://herohero.co/sexualnavychova/post/digkytnpebaxhawnnjkavteirahsbifgmsw
Ako si ako modelka zničila telo. Ako sa spoznali s priateľom. Hackli jej účet ako modelke a prišla o tisíce fanúšikov. Ale aj o tom ako sa začala venovať zdravému životnému štýlu. Ako sa Dominike zmenil vzťah k jej telu. Ako vplýva cvičenie na sex a kondičku a o rôznych ďalších veciach sme sa bavili s Dominikou aka @dminikah. Pre extra obsah, šteklivé videá, nekresťanské rozhovory a iné špecialitky nás odberaj na našom HERO HERO https://herohero.co/sexualnavychova Kamoši ďakujeme vám, že ste s nami aj v roku 2026! Aj vďaka vám môžeme tvoriť obsah, ktorý otvára dôležité témy a rozhovory. Vaša podpora nás posúva ďalej a veľmi si ceníme každého z vás ❤️ Merch nájdeš na našom webe spolu s našou hrou 69 sekúnd či seksy printami! - https://sexualnavychova.com/obchod/ Chceš viac, než čo sa zmestí do epizód?
Aubrey Masango joined by Dr Kamo tjelele, a Medical Doctor and health advocate discuss shingles, the causes, symptoms, treatment options, and prevention strategies. Tags: 702, Aubrey Masango show, Aubrey Masango, Bra Aubrey, Dr Kamo Tjelele, Shingles, chickenpox, Herpes zoster, Immune system The Aubrey Masango Show is presented by late night radio broadcaster Aubrey Masango. Aubrey hosts in-depth interviews on controversial political issues and chats to experts offering life advice and guidance in areas of psychology, personal finance and more. All Aubrey’s interviews are podcasted for you to catch-up and listen. Thank you for listening to this podcast from The Aubrey Masango Show. Listen live on weekdays between 20:00 and 24:00 (SA Time) to The Aubrey Masango Show broadcast on 702 https://buff.ly/gk3y0Kj and on CapeTalk between 20:00 and 21:00 (SA Time) https://buff.ly/NnFM3Nk Find out more about the show here https://buff.ly/lzyKCv0 and get all the catch-up podcasts https://buff.ly/rT6znsn Subscribe to the 702 and CapeTalk Daily and Weekly Newsletters https://buff.ly/v5mfet Follow us on social media: 702 on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TalkRadio702 702 on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@talkradio702 702 on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/talkradio702/ 702 on X: https://x.com/Radio702 702 on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@radio702 CapeTalk on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/CapeTalk CapeTalk on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@capetalk CapeTalk on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/ CapeTalk on X: https://x.com/CapeTalk CapeTalk on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@CapeTalk567 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
Algo sorprendente: ¡un fragmento de la Luna podría haberse desprendido y se encuentra más cerca de la Tierra de lo que piensas!
Koalīcija ir konceptuāli vienojusies par nākamā gada budžetu, bet viegls ceļš diez vai ir gaidāms, jo Zaļo un zemnieku savienība nāk ar savām prasībām budžeta atbalstam. Par vienu no tām – pievienotās vērtības nodokļa samazinātu likmi atsevišķiem produktiem vienošanās esot panākta, tomēr ir vēl arī citi jautājumi, kur vienoties varētu būt grūtāk. Tas ir lauku skolu tīkls un diskusija par mežu likumu arī varētu būt karsta. Katrā ziņā attiecības koalīcijā nākamā gadā gaidāmo Saeimas vēlēšanu apstākļos ir interesants temats. Tas ir viens no tematiem nedēļas notikumu apskatā, ko kopā ar žurnālistiem apspriežam raidījumā Krustpunktā. Analizē TV3 raidījuma "Nekā personīga" žurnāliste Guna Gleizde, Latvijas TV Ziņu dienesta kolēģis Ģirts Zvirbulis, Romāns Meļņiks no TV24 un Latvijas Universitātes pētnieks Mārtiņš Pričins.
In this third installment of our series on the Jinshin no Ran, we are covering the battles that took place in the Nara basin. Of course, while the fighting focuses on the generals, most of it was done by conscripts--farmers and other common people called up to fight. For more, check out of podcast webpage: https://sengokudaimyo.com/podcast/episode-131 Rough Transcript: Welcome to Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan. My name is Joshua, and this is episode 131: The Jinshin no Ran, Part 3: Fighting in the Nara Basin Maro stood under the tsuki tree and gazed at the walls of the great temple. The gates and tiled roof were truly an incredible sight. Maro's home wasn't that far away, but until he'd been called up for service to the government, he hadn't thought much beyond the valley where he and his family tilled the land. Their life had been largely spent in the village, tucked up in the valley, farming rice, hunting in the mountains, and gathering firewood. He remembered how, years ago, his brothers had been the ones to go and do their service. They had been called up to build some kind of giant fortress on the top of a mountain. The stories they brought back were incredible—it was one thing to hear tales of the outside world from merchants and itinerant priests, but it was different to hear them from someone you actually knew. Now, it was Maro's turn. But he hadn't been called up for labor—he was going to have to fight. He tried to psych himself up. Many of the men and, frankly, young boys who were there with him were in a similar boat. Some were old hands, having served multiple times. Others were new and, like Maro, there for the first time. None of them were professional soldiers, though you wouldn't know that by the way some of them swaggered through the camp. They had been called up quickly, with only a little information. Apparently Prince Ohoama, they were told, had rebelled against the government. He and his men were gathering in the east and at any moment they could attack the capital in Ohotsu, and from there they would swing down and attack the ancient capital. So here they were, several hundred conscripts, pulled from households around the ancient capital, gathered and waiting for their weapons and armor so that they could then get their marching orders—quite literally. Suddenly, Maro heard a commotion in the north. He couldn't see what was happening, but the murmurs turned to shouting. Prince Takechi, the son of the demonic rebel, Ohoama, was here, coming from the north with hundreds of expert soldiers on horseback! Panic set in, and even though a few of the officers tried to quell the disturbance, it wasn't enough. Afraid for what might come, Maro and those like him broke ranks and fled. Maro gave little thought to what might happen to his family and friends if he deserted—he was no longer thinking rationally. Along with his compatriots—his would-be brothers-in-arms if they had been given any—he hoped that he could hide, and that, if he survived, maybe, just maybe, he could somehow make it back home in one piece. Welcome back. Content warning for this episode—we are going to be talking about war, including death, fighting, and suicide. As I noted at the start, this is part three of our look at the Jinshin no Ran, the Jinshin War—sometimes translated as a “Disturbance” or a “Rebellion”. This was the war between the supporters of Prince Ohoama, also known as Temmu, and Prince Ohotomo, aka Koubun. Ohoama's side is sometimes called the Yoshino or even the Yamato court, as he had quote-unquote “retired” from the world and become a monk at a temple in Yoshino, south of Asuka, in the old area of Yamato. Meanwhile, Ohotomo's supporters were the Afumi court—including most of the ministers running the state from the capital in Ohotsu, on the shores of lake Biwa, the area known as Afumi. So let's take a look at what has happened so far, and then we can get into the events we are talking about today: a look at the soldiers who were fighting, their gear, and then some of the fighting that went on—specifically the fighting that happened in the Nara Basin. I'll do my best to organize things based on the rough timeline that they seem to have occurred. Now previously, we had covered how Ohoama, brother to Naka no Oe aka Tenchi Tennou, had given up his title as Crown Prince and retired, supposedly to prevent any concerns that he might rebel and try to take the throne, but this wasn't enough for Ohotomo and the Court, who had begun to raise forces against him. And so Ohoama and his supporters had just made a desperate dash eastwards, across the mountain roads to Ise. From there they secured the Fuwa and Suzuka passes, two of the main routes to the East Countries. Ohoama had then sent out requests for assistance to those same countries, hoping to find allies who would support him against the apparently legitimate government in Ohotsu. We are told that Ohoama was joined at this time by two of his sons: Prince Takechi and Prince Ohotsu. And here I want to pause to note something that I didn't point out last episode: These princes were not quite as old as you might think from the way they are portrayed in the Chronicle. Prince Takechi, who had been given command of the troops at Fuwa Barrier, was only 19 years old. Granted, that is only 4 years younger than their rival, Prince Ohotomo, and only a couple of years younger than the famous Minamoto Yoshitsune would be when he joined his brother in the Genpei Wars, over 500 years later. Prince Ohotsu, however, was a bit younger, as he is believed to have been about 10 years old at this time, which likely explains why he is not so prominent in the narrative. I mention this because the Nihon Shoki often omits details like age and can make it seem like these were all seasoned adult men and women, when it may have been that they were simply of high enough status to be mentioned, even though others were likely running their affairs for them. In Prince Takechi's case, while he was likely old enough to take charge of the forces at Fuwa, it is also clear that his father was nearby and overseeing things, so everything didn't rest solely on his son's shoulders. Meanwhile, the Afumi court was raising its own soldiers. While their delegation to the East was stopped at the captured Fuwa Pass, they also had sent word to the west. Kibi and Tsukushi are specifically mentioned, but we know that they were raising troops elsewhere, including in the home province regions of Yamato and Kawachi. Here it should be noted that the Nihon Shoki is pretty clearly pro-Temmu, in other words pro-Ohoama. There is some evidence from textual analysis, however, that the Temmu portions of the narrative differ from the Tenchi portions. Torquil Duthie, in his book, “Man'yōshū and the Imperial Imagination in Early Japan”, recounts how scholarship has identified at least two—possibly three—different groups of compilers who managed different reigns. The Tenchi narrative is more neutral, while the Temmu narrative provides a bit more of an accusatory tone, and both narratives provide slightly different accounts of the same events—notably the death of Naka no Oe, Prince Ohoama taking vows, and Prince Ohotomo succeeding his father. On the other side, Duthie mentions the Kaifusou, a collection of Sinitic style poetry created in 751, just 31 years after the Nihon Shoki, where in the introduction, the author seems to be much more sympathetic to Prince Ohotomo and his cause, implying that Oama was the one rising up against the legitimate government. I mention this just to help us remember that our primary source is not exactly neutral about all of this, and we should keep that in mind as we are trying to sort out what was going on. The narrative also often makes it seem as though the outcome was inevitable, but we should remember that at the time all of these events were going down, the people involved couldn't have known how they were going to turn out— in the moment, anything could have happened, especially in times of war. Speaking of which, we know that the two sides were raising troops, so let's talk about what we know about those troops and what combat may have looked like at this time. While we don't exactly have detailed accounts, there is a lot we can piece together through the archaeological record and other sources. To that end we have evidence of armor and weapons, as well as shields, and we can also look at haniwa through the 6th and even early 7th century to give us an idea of local armor styles. Let's first look back on how soldiers were conscripted. Each household seems to have been responsible for supplying a soldier, when required. They were also to supply their equipment. This included a sword, armor, bows and arrows, as well as a flag and drum. In historical parades, today, we often see row upon row of soldiers kitted out in matching clothing, appearing relatively cohesive and well-regimented. In truth it is hard to know just how similar any one group might have been. Based on later historical examples, it is safe to assume that many of the soldiers may not have had much armor, if any, and even if they did it might have been made of wood or leather, which were unlikely to survive to the modern day. Of course, I would also question just how often they were able to afford everything mentioned. And since we are told that as the government was gathering soldiers it was also opening up storehouses of weapons and armor, I suspect that indicates that not everyone had their own. And even if they did, it may have been of questionable quality. That said, if a warrior did have armor, it was likely one of two types, variations of which were both found on the continent. The first type is characterized by a solid, circular cuirass, often called a “tankou”, or short armor. These were made of strips of iron that were shaped on a wooden form and then riveted or tied together into a solid cuirass, which is why it is also called a type of “plate” armor. One side of the armor was hinged and could open so that the wearer could get in. There are some tankou with a hanging skirt of tassets that flare out as well, protecting the legs, and even examples of pieces that also go around the neck, shoulder guards, and arm guards. The tankou seems to date from at least the 3rd or 4th century, with changes in design over time, and we know that it continued through at least the 6th century. Compare this to the keikou, or hanging armor. Keikou was a kind of lamellar armor, made of individual scales, later known as “sane”. These metal scales, also known as lamellae, were held together with lacing, and made for a much more flexible, and presumably comfortable, armor. The tradeoff for this comfort was that keikou likely took a lot more labor to make, and thus were considered a more elite armor, possibly used by men on horseback or at least by those leading the troops. Looking into the future a bit, we know that in the 8th century there were “tankou” and “keikou” being donated to the Shousouin repository at Toudaiji. However, it isn't clear that “tankou” and “keikou” in the 8th century referred to exactly this kind of armor, and we may have been dealing with something else entirely, because there is a lacuna in our understanding of armor on the archipelago between the end of the Asuka period and the appearance of the more familiar yoroi in the Heian period comes about. There are conjectured transitional armors, based on continental models, which are thought to have been used. Still, at this very point in time, when Ohoama is mounting his rebellion against Ohotomo, the Keikou and Tankou are generally thought to have still been in use, and this is generally how you will see the two sides represented. As for weapons, perhaps the most common that we see is the bow and arrow. Archery is extremely practical, not only for its ability to be used from a distance, but also because in times of peace people can use the same bows to hunt, thus making hunting prowess a kind of stand-in for military prowess. The way of the bow—in fact the way of the horse and bow, or Kyuuba no Michi—would be the main pillar of martial prowess in the archipelago for centuries. The iconic sword, while important—it was, after all, one of the three sacred regalia—was more of a side-arm, deployed in close quarters combat. It was still important, as it could be easily carried with you. However, it is more likely that massed troops might have had spears and various types of polearms, providing reach. Those are harder to just casually carry around, however, especially if you are mainly using a bow. Perhaps that is part of the reason that we don't hear as much about such weapons, and most of the focus seems to be on the archers and on swords. There were also at this time shields. We know that the Hayato of southern Kyushu were particularly known for them, but there evidence that they were more widely used. After all, a shield made of wood would have made an important defense against a rain of arrows coming from the enemy. As for the horses, some of them may have even had their own barding, or armor, though I suspect, again, that was rare, and reserved for elites. All of this together gives us some idea of what it may have looked like when Ohoama and Ohotomo's forces engaged in battle, though it is still conjecture. We know that they had spears, and swords, and bows. We know that some of the first men that Prince Ohoama picked up on his journey was to conscript archers to his service, who then were pressed into taking a government post station. We also don't necessarily see a lot of individual fighting described in the records, though there are exceptions. Later on, there was a tradition of individual warriors calling out challenges in the midst of battle, that became an accepted practice in the early culture of the bushi, or samurai, but we don't see that in the Chronicles. Certainly we see moments of individual valor which are remembered, likely because of the benefits that the hero's descendants could then claim for themselves. But for the most part it seems that the people actually doing the fighting were groups of conscripted soldiers, not the hired warriors of later periods. Even among groups like the Mononobe, the Be of the Warriors, it isn't clear that they would have been the ones on the front lines—not if they could help it, anyway. Most of these were farmers and similar commoners, who were called up to fight as necessary. Some of them may have seen action over on the Korean peninsula, or even in local skirmishes. Others would have been fresh out of the fields, joining the ranks for the first time. They were not exactly volunteers, but also didn't have much of a choice. It was the draft on steroids. I also suspect that the act of conscription, where a soldier was offered up by a household, or family,, meant that desertion would mean that their family would be punished. While the elite generals providing the men were no doubt gauging how this would affect their own political and economic fortunes, I imagine that the average soldier had much less agency and could look forward to many fewer rewards. In fact, I suspect his main goal would have been one of survival. Perhaps if one fought well, they could earn something more for themselves, and perhaps there were cultural concepts of loyalty to one's local elites and leadership. And maybe there were leaders who inspired them to do great things. However, works like the Nihon Shoki were rarely concerned with the lives of the common people, except when it shined a light on the sovereigns and their court. It was much more concerned with how this affected the upper caste of society. There is also the question about just what kind of fighting this system led to. Again, these are not the bushi—a warrior class who prided themselves on their martial prowess. And neither were they standing armies. While there were likely some who regularly served and trained and found they had a skill at war, how many were simple farmers who were now holding a spear instead of a spade? These are things to keep in mind as we follow along with tales of glorious victory or ignoble defeat. So, that's a glimpse at who was actually doing the fighting. As for the timeline of the battle, let's get into it. But first, a caveat: as we should be used to by now, the exact chronology of the events listed in the Nihon Shoki is not entirely clear. The Nihon Shoki provides a narrative, but often it includes actions that took several days or even weeks on a single date where the events apparently culminated. Using cues, such as “one day later” or such things, we can piece together a narrative, but I may not have it 100% accurate. It doesn't help that the Nihon Shoki seems to focus on different campaigns separately, even though much of it was happening at the same time. That's compounded by the fact that all of this was being recorded much later, and so there is also a great possibility that even some of the seemingly clear dates were also wrong, or were adjusted to make for a better flow in the narrative. So I'm going to do my best to piece together what I roughly feel was the chronological order, but just be aware that dates may not be all that precise. In the coming conflict we see several main arenas. First, there is the area around Lake Biwa, from the Fuwa pass towards Ohotsu. This was Ohoama's main path to try and put an end to this whole affair—to make his way to Ohotsu, the capital, and cut off the head of the snake. To do that he would have to leave his defensive position and venture out around the lake, where Afumi forces no doubt lay in wait. At the same time, there was also fierce fighting in the Nara Basin, with Yoshino and Afumi forces clashing there across the plains. And we cannot forget the Kafuka, or Kouka, pass over to Suzuka. If the Afumi forces could push through to Suzuka, then they could march along the coastal plains of Mie up through Owari and come at Ohoama's forces from behind. In previous episodes we covered the leadup to this part of the conflict, and while there had been some fighting at the post stations on the road to Suzuka, as well as captured envoys at Fuwa Pass, so far we haven't seen any major fighting. If the timeline in the Nihon Shoki is to be believed, the first serious clashes seem to have occurred in the Yamato region and the Nara basin. In general, however, there seems to have been two main campaigns. There was the fighting in the Nara Basin, and then there was the fighting along the shores of Lake Biwa. Everything started off at the end of the 6th month with Ohoama's mad dash to capture the passes at Suzuka and Fuwa, where he waited while he gathered up men from the Eastern countries. While that was happening, the Afumi court was out recruiting men for their own war. This would lead to some of the earliest formal battles between the two sides taking place in the Nara Basin, originally a recruitment center, it turned into a battle zone. Yoshino aligned forces would push north, only to be blocked by armies coming down from the capital at Ohotsu, as well as forces coming through the gap between Yamato and Kawachi, where the Yamato river leaves the basin through the western mountains. The fighting happened largely over the course of a week or so. It started around the 29th day of the 6th month, and seems to have ended between the 4th or 6th day of the 7th month. So keep that in mind. As you may recall from last episode, two brothers, Ohotomo no Muraji no Makuda and Ohotomo no Muraji no Fukei, upon hearing that Ohoama was rising up, both feigned illness, using that as an excuse to leave the court at Ohotsu and return to their family compounds in the Yamato region. From there, Makuda made haste to catch up with Ohoama and his men, but his brother, Fukei, stayed behind to see what he could do in Yamato. Originally, Fukei's success was limited. He started calling various allied families together and tried to drum up support for Ohoama, but he could only gather a few tens of men. Not the hundreds, let alone thousands, that would be needed. At the same time, the Afumi court was conscripting men of the Yamato region into service. This was being organized by Hodzumi no Obito no Momotari and his younger brother, Hodzumi no Obito no Ihoye, along with Mononobe no Obito no Hiuga, who had all been sent to Yamato on the orders of the Afumi court, apparently arriving shortly after Fukei. This group set up their base of operations at the Wokamoto palace—it was, after all, the official government presence and they were the official government representatives —and they used the grounds west of Houkouji, aka Asukadera, as their assembly grounds. Ohotomo no Fukei knew that something would have to be done. If those conscripted Yamato soldiers were formed into a proper army and sent out, it could cause a lot of trouble for Ohoama and his men. And fortunately, Fukei had a man on the inside: apparent ally, Sakanouhe no Atahe no Kumage, the officer in charge of the Wokamoto Palace, working for Prince Takazaka who resided there. And so Fukei had a plan—he would impersonate the Royal Prince Takechi, son of Ohoama, and pretend to lead a force of cavalry to attack the camp at Asukadera. To strengthen the illusion, Fukei would come in from the north, which is where Prince Takechi and his men would presumably be coming from. Now remember, Fukei only had tens of people that were actually on his side at this point, and the camp was presumably much larger. If they didn't fall for his ruse, Fukei would be marching straight to his death. Fukei marshalled his troops at the house of Kudara, which is to say “Baekje”, and then left out of the south gate. He then had an accomplice, Hada no Miyatsuko no Kuma, dressed in nothing but a loincloth, mount a horse and gallop as fast as he could towards the camp. You can imagine the confusion in the camp as this wild, naked man gallops up to them in a panic and starts telling them that Prince Takechi and his men were on their way with a huge force. When the conscripted soldiers heard this, they panicked. While the men were gathered, it seems that they hadn't yet been outfitted with weapons and armor, so the entire camp broke and fled. And so Fukei was able to waltz in with his tens of men and take the camp at Asukadera, capturing Prince Takazaka and those sent from Ohotsu to levy troops. Fukei's ally, Kumage, the man on the inside, helped with this, along with the soldiers under the command of him and the Aya no Atahe. And so they were able to disperse the conscripted Yamato forces before they were even assembled. However, it turned out that someone was missing. Hodzumi no Omi no Momotari, who had been appointed leader of the operation, was not at Asukadera. It turns out that he was over at the Woharida Palace, where he was reviewing the armory, taking out the weapons and armor for the troops that he thought were still over at Asukadera. And so Fukei continued the ruse: he sent a messenger to summon Momotari, claiming to be a summons from Prince Takechi himself. Momotari, hearing this, likely knew that he had lost, but he apparently maintained his dignity. He didn't run away or rush to the camp. Instead he approached on horseback in a leisurely fashion. When he reached the encampment, now under Fukei's command, one of the soldiers shouted at Momotari to get off his horse, but Momotari, likely trying to keep what remained of his dignity, was slow in doing so. The men around him didn't care one whit for his dignity, however. They grabbed his collar and pulled him off of the horse, dragging him to the ground. He was shot with an arrow and then a man drew his sword and struck him and killed him. We aren't even told who did this deed, just how it was done. As for the others, Momonatari's brother, Hodzumi no Ihoye and Mononobe no Hiuga were bound, but eventually they were released amongst the troops, where they were no doubt watched carefully. Princes Takazaka no Ou and Wakasa no Ou, the representatives of the Afumi court in Asuka, were made to follow behind the army. With this victory under his belt, Ohotomo no Fukei sent messengers to Prince Ohoama, at the Fuwa pass, to let him know what had happened. When the messengers finally reached Ohoama we are told that he was quite pleased with the result. After all, it meant that his rearguard was that much more secure. We are told that these events took place on or about the 29th day of the 6th month, around the same time that Ohoama was overseeing the troops at Wazami, only a few days after he and the real Prince Takechi had made their way to that camp. Things were evolving quickly. Fukei's success drew others to his banner. Miwa no Kimi no Takechimaro, Kamo no Kimi no Yemishi, and othes all joined Fukei's forces, “like an echo”. With a now more sizeable force, it seems that Fukei believed he was ready to take the fight to the Afumi court. He and his advisors drew up plans for invading Afumi, selecting men to be deputy commanders and military commanders, providing a hierarchy and some organization. From there, a few days later, he began to march north from Asuka, towards Nara. Now Nara at this point was just a name for the northwest area of the basin—they probably didn't even think of it as the Nara basin back then. But it was along the road that led north, through the mountains, and from there through Yamashiro and eventually on to Afumi. As Fukei was headed north, however, he received word that there was another force coming from the Kawachi in the west. And so he split his forces. Sakamoto no Omi no Takara and others were sent with some 300 troops to take a defensive position at Tatsuta. Sami no Kimi no Sukunamaro was also sent with another several hundred men to Ohosaka… no, not that Ohosaka. Afusaka in modern Kashiba, in western Nara Basin. This area would have been a strategic defensive point for any troops taking the road from Kawachi, so if anyone got past Sakamoto no Takara, Sukunamaro and his troops would be waiting. The now General Fukei also sent Kamo no Yemishi with another several hundred men to guard the Iwate road, to defend that approach as well. Now Sakamoto no Takara, who had been sent to engage the troops coming from Kawachi, reached the area of Hiraishi when he heard that Afumi forces were occupying the nearby castle of Takayasu mountain. You may recall that Takayasu was one of the Korean style fortresses that had been built in anticipation of a possible invasion from the continent, and it had even been repaired a few times. Now it was being used not against an outside enemy, but in an internal conflict. Takara and his men marched up the mountain, intending to attack the castle, and here we should probably give a better idea of just what this castle was like. If you think of a modern Japanese castle the thing that likely stands out, no pun intended, is the Tenshukaku, or donjon; the multi-storied tower located somewhere inside the walls and moats of the castle proper. This would be an ideal location to spy over the walls and see where the enemy were, as well as an area from which one could make a last ditch stand. The castles of the Asuka period were not like this. They were built off of a continental model, and their defining feature was not the donjon—though they likely did have gate and guard towers set up so that one could see attacking forces. No, the defining feature was really the walls. Long, compacted-earth walls, possibly lined with stone, which snaked around the top of a mountain. This castle style leveraged the natural contours of existing mountain tops to provide its defense. It didn't hurt that they also provided clear views of what was happening on the plains below, and required attacking troops to march up a steep mountain climb and then attack uphill. The tradeoff was that these weren't the kind of places that people would live, when most of the infrastructure of the state was in the fertile plains and surrounding areas. So these castles had granaries to keep troops fed, and perhaps some basic buildings erected within the walls, but they were largely a practical design. You can still go see the Takayasu ruins, today, and you don't have to hike up the mountain as Takara and his men did. Instead you can take a cable car up to the top, or even a regular car on the roads that drive up to the old castle site, though how much you can see I'm not sure. There are also other castle ruins and even old kofun on the mountain, as its prominence has been recognized as important in many different centuries. There likely weren't a lot of troops manning the castle, certainly not enough that they felt they had much chance of defending it. So when Takara and his men made it up to the top, they Afumi forces burned the granaries, so as to deny him any supplies, and then took off, discretion being the better part of valor. Takara and his men spent the evening at the castle, no doubt recovering from their hike up. Remember, this wasn't just a leisurely stroll—they were no doubt fully kitted out for war. When they woke the next morning they looked out over the surrounding countryside, of which they now had fantastic views, and Takara noticed a large army coming down along the Ohotsu-Tajihi road. They carried flags, which I don't know how Takara could have seen at that point, which identified them as being the enemy - troops of the Afumi general, Iki no Fubito no Karakuni. And so Takara and his men descended from Takayasu, crossed the Ega River—now known as the Ishi river, and engaged Karakuni's army. They were only 300 men, however, and Karakuni had a much larger forcem so Takara was unable to maintain a defense. And so they made a strategic withdrawal—in other words retreated—back to Kashikosaka, apparently a part of Afusaka, where Ki no Omi no Oho'oto had been set to guard. So Ohotomo and the Afumi court finally scored a win. Besides his victory against Takara and his men, we are also told that Karakuni had come upon Kume no Omi no Shihoko, the governor of Kawachi. Shihoko had been gathering troops to go fight for Ohoama, but he was found out by Karakuni. Karakuni captured him and was going to execute him, but before he could, Shihoko took his own life, instead. As Takara was retreating and setting up a new defensive position, Fukei had his own problems to worry about. As he was camped with his troops on Mt. Narayama, one of his men, Aradawo no Atahe no Akamaro, addressed him and suggested that they should make sure to fortify Asuka, just in case. Fukei agreed, and sent Akamaro as well as Imbe no Kobito to guard the Okamoto Palace in Asuka. They also made sure to remove the planks from any bridges, using them to setup fortifications along the road. Now any army that wished to cross would either have to swim or they would need to come across the narrow beams that were all that was left of the bridges. This was not ideal at the best of times, but you can imagine doing it as troops on the other side were shooting arrows at you. And yet this has become a near classic trope in Japanese war stories and it won't be the only time it comes up in various historical contexts. It wouldn't even be the only time it shows up in this current conflict. A day later, Fukei found himself engaged with an Afumi general, Ohono no Kimi no Hatayasu, on Mt. Narayama itself. Despite Fukei having had time to set up a defensive position, the Afumi forces overwhelmed Fukei's men. They were defeated and Fukei himself barely escaped with his life. Fukei fled south with only one or two men, also on horseback, with Hatayasu hot on his heels, only stopping when they reached Hatta and the Yamato river. At that point the fortifications were in place, and Hatayasu likely knew that any trying to cross the river after Fukei would likely not go nearly as well as it did at Narayama. As for General Fukei he kept going all the way until he reached Sumizaka, which appears to be in Uda. There he fell in with Okizome no Muraji no Usagi, at the head of several tens of thousands of men. Usagi had been with Ohoama , but upon hearing of the fighting in Yamato, Ohoama had sent him and others to go back through the Suzuka pass to provide reinforcements. One can only imagine how happy Fukei was at this point to see Usagi and all of thise men. Fukei turned back around and encamped at Kanatsunawi—possibly modern Imai-cho, Kashihara city. There he was able to gather many of the dispersed troops back into a force once again. About this time, Fukei heard that the Afumi forces were also approaching along the Afusaka road. So now they were approaching from both the north and the west. They were also taking several different roads—inside the largely flat area of the Nara Basin, they likely had several choices. Takara and Oho-oto had been unable to meet the enemy and had kept retreating, likely seeking a defensible position. As they did this, Fukei came from the east with his reinforcements. He made it to where the roads branched at Tahema—modern Taima—where he fought with Iki no Karakuni nearby Ashi-kie pond, possibly somewhere near modern Chimata. During the battle, one of Fukei's men, a brave warrior known to us only as “Kume”, drew his sword and rushed straight into the midst of the enemy army. Of course one lone man wasn't likely to do much, but he inspired a cavalry charge, and men on horseback followed closely at his heels. Seeing this force bearing quickly down on them, the Afumi troops broke, and soon it was a rout. Fukei's men pursued, cutting down the Afumi soldiers as they fled, until Fukei finally reined them in. At this point, Fukei then admonished his troops that their goal was to take out the ringleaders, not to just indiscriminately murder the common people. Remember, which side of the battlefield you ended up fighting on was largely a function of who had conscripted you, and Fukei evidently knew this. As the men were still retreating, though, Fukei noticed that the Afumi general, Karakuni – one of those ringleaders - had gotten himself separated from his men. Fukei ordered Kume—presumably the same one who had charged the army in the first place—to shoot at him, but Kume's arrow missed, and Karakuni made his escape. Rather than pursuing, Fukei returned back to his headquarters. Once there, Fukei now learned that there were enemy forces approaching from the East, as well. So Fukei took the army and divided it into three, defending the Upper, Middle, and Lower roads, and he took personal charge of the forces on the middle road, likely so that he could easily keep in touch with the other forces. He was also waiting for the next challenge, and he didn't have to wait for long: the Afumi general Inukai no Muraji no Isogimi approached along the Middle Road. He halted at Muraya, but his deputy commander, Ihoriwi no Miyatsuko no Kujira, attacked Fukei's camp with 200 specially picked soldiers. Now it turns out that when they reached the camp, there were only a few people actually there at the time, including one Tokumaro, described as a slave of Ohowidera temple, and four “people following the army” – in other words, these might not have been actual soldiers. . Nevertheless, together this small group rallied, formed an advance guard and went forward, shooting arrows at Kujira's forces. Kujira, not knowing that Fukei's camp was all but empty, halted his advance. Meanwhile, over on the Upper Road, Miwa no Takechimaro and Okizome no Usagi, who had been sent by Ohoama from Fuwa, fought with the Afumi army at the Hashi Misasagi—which is assumed to be the Hashihaka kofun, and they overwhelmingly defeated the Afumi army there, such that they was able to pivot from there and swing their forces over to the Middle road. There they slammed into the flank of Kujira's army, who had stopped to trade blows with Fukei's camp. Many of the common soldiers were killed, and the general, Kujira, ran off, mounted on a white horse. Unfortunately for him, the horse took a misstep and tumbled into a muddy-rice field. Kujira was bogged down in the mud and having trouble getting out. General Fukei, seeing this, sent a brave soldier of Kahi to shoot at Kujira, but as the soldier came up to the edge of the rice paddy, Kujira whipped his horse vigorously, and got it to extricate itself and Kujira, who galloped off and escaped. Fukei, for his part, returned again to his headquarters and camped with his men there. Though they were ready for another conflict, nothing ever came. The Afumi forces had withdrawn. The battle for the Nara basin was over, and the Yoshino forces were victorious. General Fukei, however, was anything but finished. Remember, he had planned to take the fight to the Afumi court, and so, having subdued the enemy forces in Yamato—which is to say the Nara basin—Fukei marched out through Afusaka to Naniwa, and then marched on Yamazaki, where he set up camp. From there, he sent messengers to all the governors of the Western Provinces. He forced them to give up their keys, their posting-bells, and their posting tallies—basically he had them formally submit to the Yoshino faction, and thus to Ohoama. Meanwhile, Ohoama had his own campaign to conduct, and it kicked off in the middle of Fukei's defense of the Yamato Home Province. He also would engage various generals in battle, but we'll save that campaign for Part Four. But before we go I do want to point out, once again: this wasn't a simple and straightforward matter of attack and defense. Notice that generals on both sides sometimes were victorious and sometimes had to flee. You can only imagine how, after the defeat at Narayama, General Fukei must have felt that all hope was lost, only to run into a force ten thousand strong come to relive him and his paltry troops. But it could just as easily have been that he didn't make it. In fact, how many warriors died? Heroically, perhaps, but still died. And if there were no descendants to carry on their name and remember their deeds, then who knows how many people just didn't get written about at all. And then there are all of those common soldiers. Individuals without any recorded name, but who nonetheless were there and who fought. They may not have been the people that later authors cared to write about, and yet they were all someone's child, and possibly their sibling or parent. They loved and laughed, and certainly died. All to determine who would sit next upon the Yamato throne. One has to wonder if winning or losing really changed anything for them, or perhaps they won simply by surviving. And on that cheerful thought, I'll take my leave. Until next time, thank you once again for listening and for all of your support. If you like what we are doing, please tell your friends and feel free to rate us wherever you listen to podcasts. If you feel the need to do more, and want to help us keep this going, we have information about how you can donate on Patreon or through our KoFi site, ko-fi.com/sengokudaimyo, or find the links over at our main website, SengokuDaimyo.com/Podcast, where we will have some more discussion on topics from this episode. Also, feel free to reach out to our Sengoku Daimyo Facebook page. You can also email us at the.sengoku.daimyo@gmail.com. Thank you, also, to Ellen for their work editing the podcast. And that's all for now. Thank you again, and I'll see you next episode on Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.
China's Tianwen 2 asteroid sampling spacecraft has been on its interplanetary itinerary for more than 33 days, orbiting at a distance of over 12 million kilometers from Earth, and it is in good working condition, the China National Space Administration said on Tuesday. 中国国家航天局周二表示，中国 “天问二号” 小行星采样探测器已在星际旅程中飞行超过 33 天，目前距离地球超过 1200 万公里，工作状态良好。 The robotic probe is currently traveling on a transfer trajectory toward its destination, a near-Earth asteroid called 2016 HO3, the space administration said in a news release. 国家航天局在新闻发布会上称，这台机器人探测器目前正沿着转移轨道飞向其目标 —— 一颗名为 2016 HO3 的近地小行星。 The CNSA also released two images, showing Earth and the moon, captured by the spacecraft's narrow-field-of-view navigation sensor when it was about 590,000 km away from Earth. 中国国家航天局还发布了两张地球和月球的图像，这些图像是探测器在距离地球约 59 万公里时，由其窄视场导航传感器拍摄的。 The Tianwen 2 mission, which is China's first attempt to bring pristine asteroid samples back to Earth, was launched on May 29, when a Long March 3B rocket carrying the robotic probe blasted off from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in Sichuan province. “天问二号” 任务是中国首次尝试将原始小行星样本带回地球，该探测器于 5 月 29 日由长征三号乙运载火箭搭载，从四川西昌卫星发射中心发射升空。 The probe's primary objective is to reach 2016 HO3, a small asteroid that is 40 to 100 meters wide, in the summer of 2026. It will study the celestial body up close using a suite of 11 instruments including cameras, spectrometers and radars, before deploying special devices to collect surface substances. 该探测器的主要目标是在 2026 年夏季抵达 2016 HO3 小行星。这颗小行星宽度为 40 至 100 米，探测器将使用包括相机、光谱仪和雷达在内的 11 种仪器对其进行近距离研究，随后部署特殊设备采集表面物质。 The asteroid, which is also known as 469219 Kamo'oalewa, orbits the sun and, therefore, is a constant companion of Earth. It is too distant to be considered a true satellite of Earth, but is the best and most stable example to date of a quasi-satellite.这颗小行星又名 469219 Kamo'oalewa，它围绕太阳运行，因此始终是地球的 “同伴”。由于距离过远，它不能被视为地球真正的卫星，但却是迄今为止最理想、最稳定的准卫星例子。 After the asteroid samples are collected, the Tianwen 2 probe will fly back to Earth's orbit and send a capsule containing the precious materials to the ground. 采集小行星样本后，“天问二号” 探测器将飞回地球轨道，并将装有这些珍贵物质的返回舱送回地面。 The samples will be distributed among scientists, who will examine their physical properties, chemical and mineralogical content and isotopic composition, contributing to studies on the formation and evolution of asteroids and the early solar system. 这些样本将分发给科学家，他们将对样本的物理性质、化学和矿物成分以及同位素组成进行研究，为小行星和早期太阳系的形成与演化研究提供助力。 Delivering the samples to Earth will not be the end of the mission. The Tianwen 2 spacecraft will then enter the second phase of its journey, flying toward a main-belt comet called 311P to conduct a remote-sensing survey and transmit the data back to Earth for scientific research, according to the CNSA. 将样本送回地球并非任务的终点。中国国家航天局表示，“天问二号” 探测器随后将进入任务的第二阶段，飞向一颗名为 311P 的主带彗星，进行遥感探测，并将数据传回地球供科研使用。 The whole mission is expected to yield groundbreaking discoveries and expand the understanding of Earth and small celestial bodies inside the solar system, scientists said.科学家表示，整个任务有望取得突破性发现，加深人类对地球以及太阳系内小天体的认识。 asteroid /ˈæstərɔɪd/ 小行星 probe /prəʊb/ 探测器 trajectory /trəˈdʒektəri/ 轨道；轨迹 isotopic /ˌaɪsəˈtɒpɪk/ 同位素的
Čínská sonda a kvazisatelit Kamo'oalewa (4:48) – Historie: Digitální pomsta Impéria (19:00) – 30 let s Planetáriem: Pátrání po ztraceném Wogastisburgu, 2. část (25:08)Všechny díly podcastu Planetárium můžete pohodlně poslouchat v mobilní aplikaci mujRozhlas pro Android a iOS nebo na webu mujRozhlas.cz.
This week, China's Tianwen-2 spacecraft sent back its first image from space. It's headed to a rendezvous with the asteroid Kamoʻoalewa, one of Earth's “quasi-moons,” where it will collect samples in 2026. The mission comes after several successful lunar missions, including a lunar rover and a sample return mission from the far side of the moon. Host Ira Flatow talks with reporter Ling Xin from the South China Morning Post about the goals of China's space program, and what might be ahead.Plus, astronomer Dean Regas describes his new “tactile astronomy” book, which seeks to bring stories of the constellations to young blind and low-vision readers. Guests:Ling Xin is a science reporter at the South China Morning Post based in Ohio.Dean Regas is an astronomer, host of the “Looking Up” podcast, and author of the new book All About Orion.Transcript is available on sciencefriday.com. Subscribe to this podcast. Plus, to stay updated on all things science, sign up for Science Friday's newsletters.
The White House has released its Fiscal Year 2026 congressional budget justification for NASA, and the implications are staggering. If enacted, this proposal would slash NASA’s science program funding by nearly half, cancel dozens of active and upcoming missions, and reduce the agency’s workforce by one-third. Sarah Al-Ahmed is joined by Jack Kiraly, The Planetary Society’s director of government relations, to examine what’s in the nearly 500-page document, what it means for the future of space science and exploration, and how advocates can still act to save NASA science. Then, in What’s Up, Planetary Society Chief Scientist Bruce Betts shares insights on China’s newly launched asteroid sample return mission, Tianwen-2. The spacecraft will rendezvous with near-Earth asteroid 469219 Kamoʻoalewa, offering new scientific opportunities amidst a moment of global uncertainty in space exploration. Discover more at: https://www.planetary.org/planetary-radio/2025-FY-2026-budget-proposalSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
A finales de este mes, China se apuntará un nuevo éxito espacial con el lanzamiento de la misión Tianwen-2, una ambiciosa expedición que tiene como objetivo un pequeño asteroide llamado 469219 Kamo‘oalewa. Un asteroide, por cierto, que no es como los demas. Se trata, en efecto, de uno de los siete cuasi-satélites conocidos de la Tierra y, lo que es aún más fascinante, podría ser el primer asteroide que vemos hecho exclusivamente de material lunar. Esta hipótesis, que pondría en jaque mucho de lo que sabemos sobre los impactos cósmicos, podría ser confirmada por los estudios de laboratorio de los fragmentos que Tianwen-2 recolectará y traerá de vuelta a la Tierra en aproximadamente dos años y medio.
China is aiming to join the small club of nations who have successfully returned scientific samples of asteroids for analysis on earth, teaching us more about how our and potentially other solar systems formed. Tianwen-2 launched successfully this week, bound for an asteroid known as Kamo‘oalewa, which sits in a very strange orbit of both the earth and the sun, making it a “quasi-satellite”. Last year, scientists including Patrick Michel of the Côte d'Azur Observatory in France, published an intriguing suggestion that Kamo‘oalewa might in fact not be a conventional asteroid, but instead be a small piece of our moon that was ejected when the Giordano Bruno crater formed. In a little over a year from now, we might find out if that is right.Do you have to hold text at arm's length to read properly? Qiang Zhang, professor of physics at the University of Science and Technology of China, whose team recently published their demonstration of using a technique from radio astronomy but using optical light. Active Optical Interferometry involves using laser beams to achieve resolutions at distances far in excess of conventional imaging with lenses. As his team showed, and as Miles Paggett of Glasgow University admires, they managed to read newsprint sized letters at a distance of over 1.3km.Finally, how did the Inca Empire write things down, and who did the writing? It has been thought that ornate threads of strings and baubles known as khipu are how records were made for business and administration, probably by a decimal code of knots in strings. But the exact purpose, nature and any meaning encoded therein, has eluded scholars for decades. Sabine Hyland, an anthropologist at the University of St Andrews, Scotland, has been studying them for years, and recently was granted access to the records of a village, only the fourth known, to have continued a form of the khipu tradition after the Spanish conquest to this day. She believes that they could even provide us in the modern world with valuable climate data. Presenter: Roland Pease Producer: Alex Mansfield Production co-ordinator: Jazz George(A Long March-3B Y110 carrier rocket carrying China's Tianwen-2 probe blasts off from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center on 29 May, 2025 in Sichuan Province of China. Credit: VCG/Getty Images)
PREVIEW: Colleague Rick Fisher presents the PRC's phased asteroid missions and also reports on the PRC ambition to dominate the solar system with men and machines. More on. august 1953. CLAUSE 4.0: Let me search for more information about China's broader solar system exploration strategy and Rick Fisher's analysis. China's Phased Asteroid Mission Strategy Bottom Line Up Front: China has developed an ambitious multi-phase approach to asteroid exploration and planetary defense, positioning itself as a major space power with systematic missions targeting asteroids, Mars, Jupiter, and potentially the outer solar system through 2050. Current Asteroid Missions (2025-2030) Tianwen-2 (2025): China will launch the Tianwen-2 mission to sample a near-Earth asteroid next year. The mission will first focus on sampling near-Earth asteroid Kamoʻoalewa (2016 HO3). After delivering samples to Earth, the spacecraft will use our planet for a gravitational slingshot maneuver and set it on a course for main-belt comet 311P/PANSTARRS. SpaceNewsSpace Planetary Defense Test (2025-2030): China is planning its first mission to impact an asteroid in the name of planetary defense. The mission will serve a dual purpose: One craft will impact the asteroid while its partner observes the space rock to learn more about the solar system and its formation. SpaceSpace China wants to test changing the orbit of a potentially hazardous asteroid with an impactor spacecraft and also accurately measure how much its orbit is altered. China will launch 2-in-1 asteroid deflection mission in 2025 | Space Expanding Solar System Dominance Strategy Deep Space Exploration Roadmap: China's plans for exploring the outer Solar System are taking shape, with Jupiter's moon Callisto and one of the ice giants the main targets. PlanetarySpaceNews China has unveiled a long-term planetary exploration roadmap for planetary habitability and the search for extraterrestrial life. China to seek out life in the solar system as NASA faces cuts, commercial players expand ambitions - SpaceNews Tianwen-4 Jupiter Mission (2029): Zhu's outline of the mission sees a Tianwen-4 launch in September 2029. The spacecraft will use a flyby of Venus in 2030 plus further gravity assists from Earth in 2031 and 2033, to arrive at Jupiter in December 2035. China's plans for outer Solar System exploration Ice Giant Missions (2035-2050): Zhu provides a potential launch date of 2035 for a Uranus mission, arriving in orbit in 2050. If a Neptune mission is chosen instead, it would launch in 2040 and arrive in 2058. China's plans for outer Solar System exploration Infrastructure and Capabilities Development Planetary Defense Force: China is recruiting for a planetary defense force to combat the threat of asteroids colliding with Earth. The successful candidates will be required to research tasks related to near-Earth asteroid monitoring and early warning systems. Wanted: 3 asteroid watchers for China's 'planetary defense force' Advanced Detection Systems: The "compound eye," a 25-antennae network of radars, is under construction to bounce signals off deep space objects to determine their potential threat to Earth. The project is set to be completed in 2025. China targets its first planetary defense test mission Strategic Implications Rick Fisher, a senior fellow at the International Assessment and Strategy Center, has been analyzing China's space ambitions extensively. Rick Fisher talks about China's growing space ambitions—from the Moon, to Mars, to asteroids. Throughout the program, Rick talked about Chinese space policy, goals, objectives, hardware, all of it, as tools of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and as an implement of the PLA (People's Liberation Army). NTDThespaceshow China's systematic approach includes not just exploration but potential dual-use capabilities, advanced manufacturing in space (including plans for a lunar base by the 2030s Space-Based Solar Power and 21st-Century Geopolitical Competition | RealClearDefense and space-based solar power), and the development of comprehensive planetary defense systems that could have both protective and offensive applications. This represents a coordinated strategy to establish Chinese leadership across the solar system through the combination of scientific exploration, resource utilization, and strategic positioning—what some analysts view as China's bid to become the dominant space power of the 21st century.
Blazing through the Amapiano scene like a wildfire, Kamo Mphela is the unstoppable force redefining South African music and dance. With electrifying moves and a voice that commands the beat, she’s not just a performer — she’s a cultural revolution. From viral dance videos to chart-topping hits, Kamo doesn’t follow trends — she sets them. Born for the stage and raised by rhythm, she’s the pulse of a generation that refuses to sit still. When Kamo steps in, the ground shakes, the bass drops, and the world watches. This is Kamo Mphela. Unapologetic. Unmatched. Unstoppable.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
In this episode of Astronomy Daily, join host Anna as she unveils a captivating array of astronomical discoveries and cosmic events that highlight the wonders of our universe. Prepare to be amazed by this week's fascinating stories that showcase the dynamic nature of space exploration.Highlights:- Discovery of Mini Moons: Explore the surprising revelation of mini moons near Earth, including the newly identified 2024 PT5. This small rocky body hints at a hidden population of lunar fragments that may have been ejected from our own moon during ancient impacts, offering unique insights into the Moon's geological history.- Laser Guide Stars: Discover the innovative technology at the Paranal Observatory in Chile, where astronomers are using powerful lasers to create artificial stars. This cutting-edge method helps counteract atmospheric turbulence, allowing ground-based telescopes to capture images nearly as sharp as those from space.- Coldest Exoplanet Found: Delve into the groundbreaking discovery made by the James Webb Space Telescope of WD 1856 534b, the coldest exoplanet ever observed, orbiting a white dwarf. This discovery challenges our understanding of planetary survival and evolution in the aftermath of stellar death.- Eta Aquarid Meteor Shower: Get ready for the upcoming Eta Aquarid meteor shower, peaking on May 5th and 6th. Learn how to best observe this celestial event as Earth passes through the debris trail of Halley's Comet, with the potential to witness up to 50 meteors per hour.- Return of Cosmos 482: Finally, hear about the anticipated return of the Soviet Union's Cosmos 482, a Venus lander that has been orbiting Earth for over five decades. This rare opportunity to examine early planetary exploration technology offers a glimpse into the ambitions of the first space age.For more cosmic updates, visit our website at astronomydaily.io. Join our community on social media by searching for #AstroDailyPod on Facebook, X, YouTubeMusic, TikTok, and our new Instagram account! Don't forget to subscribe to the podcast on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, iHeartRadio, or wherever you get your podcasts.Thank you for tuning in. This is Anna signing off. Until next time, keep looking up and stay curious about the wonders of our universe.00:00 - Today's featured stories showcase just how dynamic our universe truly is01:03 - Scientists have discovered what appears to be a second mini moon near Earth's orbit04:00 - Scientists at Paranal Observatory in Chile use lasers to create artificial stars06:58 - The James Webb Space Telescope has found the first confirmed planet orbiting a dead star10:51 - The Eta Aquarid meteor shower peaks on May 6th13:45 - The Soviet Union's Cosmos 482 spacecraft is expected to reenter Earth's atmosphere16:40 - This week's Astronomy Daily podcast features some of today's most interesting discoveries✍️ Episode ReferencesMini Moons Discovery[NASA](https://www.nasa.gov/)Laser Guide Stars[European Southern Observatory](https://www.eso.org/)James Webb Space Telescope[NASA JWST](https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/webb/main/index.html)Eta Aquarid Meteor Shower[American Meteor Society](https://www.amsmeteors.org/)Cosmos 482 Update[Russian Space Agency](https://www.roscosmos.ru/)Astronomy Daily[Astronomy Daily](http://www.astronomydaily.io/)Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/astronomy-daily-exciting-space-discoveries-and-news--5648921/support.
A Chinese spacecraft that’s scheduled for launch as early as next month has a double destination: a “quasi-moon” of Earth and an asteroid that acts like a comet. The first destination for Tianwen-2 is an asteroid, Kamo’oalewa. It’s a chunk of rock no more than the length of two or three football fields. What makes it intriguing is that it weaves around the Sun in a pattern that makes it look like a satellite of Earth. The asteroid spends half of its time farther from the Sun than Earth is, the other half closer to the Sun. Seen from Earth, it appears to loop around our planet – like a moon. Some research suggests it was a chunk of the Moon that was blasted into space by a big impact. Tianwen-2 is scheduled to arrive at Kamo’oalewa next year. It’ll spend a year traveling along with the asteroid. It’ll drop off a small lander and rover, and collect a few ounces of rocks and dirt. The craft will swing by Earth to drop off the samples, then journey to 311P Panstarrs. The object is a third of a mile wide, and orbits the Sun at about twice Earth’s distance. Observations reveal that Panstarrs is rocky, like an asteroid. But soon after it was discovered it sprouted several long tails, so it was classified as a comet. It may be a loosely bound pile of rocks and dust. If so, it may sometimes lose some of the dust, and sunlight then pushes it away – giving this asteroid the tails of a comet. Script by Damond Benningfield
Passé carabiné Élève Pennac, au tableau ! Montez sur l'estrade et récitez-nous la leçon de votre vie : celle du cancre absolu à la mémoire de gruyère, du dernier de la classe nul en calcul comme en orthographe, qui fut « sauvé » par une poignée de professeurs autant que par son talent pour « l'affabulation », le mythe du petit menteur provençal qui devint – vingt-cinq ans durant – un prof de français à l'écoute des « ados en péril » doublé d'un écrivain prolifique parmi les plus lus de son pays. Contez-nous en vrac, comme à la fin de votre essai « Chagrin d'école » (prix Renaudot 2007, vendu à 1,2 million d'exemplaires), comment « une hirondelle assommée est une hirondelle à ranimer ».Dans ce premier épisode, l'auteur de « La fée carabine » revient sur le « salopard » qui lui inspira l'enseignant si sévère des aventures collégiennes de « Kamo » (1991-1992), sur le braquage d'un coffre-fort qui l'envoya en pension, sur le livre qui lui fut providentiellement « commandé » en classe de troisième, sur son premier ouvrage publié à 29 ans, en 1973 (une attaque contre le « virilisme débile » du service militaire) ou sur ses deux romans jamais réédités de « politique burlesque » imaginés avec le Roumain Tudor Eliad. Sortez les cahiers : place à la masterclass du jeune octogénaire aux « lunettes de Geppetto », à l'heure de ChatGPT.L'auteur du mois : Daniel PennacNé à Casablanca en 1944, Daniel Pennac a choisi le roman « pour ne pas avoir à trop se fréquenter ». Il est l'auteur adoré de la saga « Malaussène », comédies policières cosmopolites sur une famille tapageuse de Belleville, vendue à 6,7 millions d'exemplaires rien qu'en France (huit tomes, 1985-2022, Gallimard). On lui doit également des romans pour enfants drôlement chouettes (« Cabot-Caboche », « L'œil du loup », 1982-1984), un bref essai sur la lecture intitulé « Comme un roman » (1,1 million d'exemplaires, 1992) ou des scénarios de bande dessinée pour Tardi, Florence Cestac ou la série Lucky Luke. Sacré par l'Académie Française en 2023 pour l'ensemble de son œuvre lumineuse, il vit et travaille à Paris, ainsi que dans son Vercors chéri.RemerciementsBlandine Rinkel, Vincent Schneegans, Maxime Su Ribera. Enregistrements janvier 2025 Entretien, découpage Richard Gaitet Prise de son Mathilde Guermonprez Montage Gary Salin & Mathilde Guermonprez Lecture Samuel Hirsch Réalisation, mixage Charlie Marcelet Musiques originales Samuel Hirsch Piano Maison Pierō Illustration Sylvain Cabot
Tema del dia Avui tenim dues convidades molt especials, dues veteranes de la comunitat d'Easy Catalan a Discord: la Kerry i la Simone! En aquest episodi ens parlen de la seva experiència com a membres del Club de Lectura autogestionat. Som-hi! Participa en el Club de Lectura aquest mes de març! (https://easycatalan.org/bookclub) Llibres El món es torna senzill, de Laura Gost (https://www.grup62.cat/llibre-el-mon-es-torna-senzill/345425) El perquè de tot plegat, de Quim Monzó (https://www.quadernscrema.com/cataleg/el-perque-de-tot-plegat/) Sobre el feixisme, l'exili i la censura, de Pere Calders (https://www.penguinllibres.com/tematiques/110596-ebook-sobre-el-feixisme-l-exili-i-la-censura-9788417627874) L'expressió de la setmana espavila't ('afanya't, ves ràpid, no t'entretinguis') n'hi ha per llogar-hi cadires! ('això és increïble / molt divertit / ben curiós!') Bonus La Kerry i la Simone ens parlen d'alguns dels llibres que han llegit fins ara a Discord: Aloma, de Mercè Rodoreda (https://www.grup62.cat/llibre-aloma/95770) Les calces al sol, de Regina Rodríguez Sirvent (https://www.penguinllibres.com/tematiques/306606-ebook-les-calces-al-sol-9788418226687) El futur de la humanitat, d'Eduald Carbonell (https://arallibres.cat/cataleg/el-futur-de-la-humanitat/) Les nenes que llegien al lavabo, de Sebastià Portell (https://arallibres.cat/cataleg/les-nenes-que-llegien-al-lavabo/) Belfondo, de Jenn Díaz (https://www.amsterdamllibres.cat/cataleg/belfondo/) Transcripció Andreu: [0:15] Bon dia a tothom! Si escolteu aquest episodi avui mateix, dia 28 de febrer, vol dir que demà comença el nou Club de Lectura que hem organitzat a Discord. És una oportunitat perfecta per llegir un llibre en català, si encara no ho heu fet. I si ja ho heu fet abans, ara podreu llegir en companyia de l'equip d'Easy Catalan i d'altres aprenents com vosaltres. La novel·la, titulada "La mort lenta", de Xavier Mas Craviotto, la comentarem per capítols en un fòrum a Discord. I farem una videotrucada setmanal els divendres, concretament els divendres 7, 14, 21 i 28 de març a les 6 de la tarda, hora catalana. Si voleu participar-hi però encara no teniu el llibre, no patiu, encara teniu temps per buscar-lo i unir-vos a la lectura. Nosaltres proposem un ritme de lectura, però vosaltres sou lliures de llegir i participar en els xats i les videotrucades en la mesura que vulgueu i pugueu. Ah, i recordeu que al final de tot, el dia 4 d'abril a les 6, coneixerem l'autor i podrem parlar de la novel·la amb ell. Per participar-hi només cal ser membre de la comunitat, així que us deixem l'enllaç easycatalan.org/bookclub a la descripció de l'episodi, on trobareu tota la informació. I dit això, passem al tema del dia! Tema del dia Andreu: [1:33] Doncs, parlant de Discord i de clubs de lectura, avui hem convidat al pòdcast dues persones molt actives de la comunitat, que són la Kerrie i la Simone. Benvingudes! Com esteu? Kerry: [1:44] Hola a tothom! Molt bé. Simone: [1:45] Hola a tothom, també estic molt bé, eh? Andreu: [1:48] Fantàstic. Doncs jo molt content que sigueu aquí. Avui és la primera vegada que tenim dues convidades alhora, i penso que està molt bé fer-ho també en aquest format. Llavors, primer de tot, moltes gràcies per acceptar la invitació. M'imagino que la proposta de venir al pòdcast sempre fa una mica de por, una mica de respecte. Kerry: [2:06] Sí, molta por. Andreu: [2:07] "Molta por". No, no, no heu de patir. Això serà una conversa informal, sí? No és un programa de TV3 ni Catalunya Ràdio. És una cosa molt de casa, diguéssim. Llavors, no patiu gens. Doncs, a veure, jo crec que hem parlat de vosaltres una mica al pòdcast en alguna ocasió. De fet, Kerrie, tu vas enviar algun àudio, t'hem sentit ja, la teva veu, aquí… [És veritat, sí.] I vas explicar-nos aquella anècdota dels veïns, del sopar de germanor. Però, a veure, per coneixe-us una mica millor, us proposo una activitat que a vegades fem a classe de català, que és presentar-nos mútuament. És a dir, Simone, per exemple, com presentaries la Kerrie? Què saps de la Kerrie que puguis compartir? Simone: [2:50] La Kerrie és una persona fantàstica, molt culta, professora d'anglès, també, té una família molt bonica… I ella és una lletraferida increïble, perquè llegeix molt, i… és la meva amiga, també. És la meva amiga, perquè som a prop, perquè la Kerrie viu a uns 15 minuts d'on jo estic vivint i… és això, tenim aquest interès comú que és parlar català, perquè ens fa goig parlar català, i és això. Andreu: [3:28] Molt bé, perfecte. Doncs, Kerrie, com presentaries la Simone? Kerry: [3:33] Gràcies, Simone. El mateix. La Simone, la Simone és una amiga meva, molt bonica, és brasilera, té una filla i… no sé, aprenem català juntes, des del principi, crec, perquè… sí, el Club de Lectura va començar l'any… no sé, 2022, i ens coneixem des d'aquí, no? Sí, sí. Andreu: [3:58] Molt bé. Clar, de fet, vosaltres sou veteranes de la comunitat. Ja fa temps que formeu part de la comunitat d'Easy Catalan a Discord, igual que el Kevin i el Kamo, que els vam entrevistar fa uns mesos. I aquí la Sílvia i jo hem parlat moltes vegades de Discord i hem intentat explicar el millor que hem sabut què és això, no?, tenint en compte que els oients no poden veure el que diem. Però tot i així, encara hi ha gent que a vegades ens pregunta: "Això de Discord, què és?", no? Llavors, vosaltres que teniu ja una certa experiència, o molta experiència, com ho explicaríeu amb les vostres paraules? Què és Discord? Kerry: [4:34] És una comunitat molt bonica, no?, Simone? Simone: [4:37] Sí, és una comunitat on podem compartir tot el que volem, de fet. Parlem sobre temes diferents. Hi ha persones que (els agrada), per exemple, cuinar, i parlen de menjars, altres parlen de pel·lícules, altres de llibres, com nosaltres, i hi ha espai per a tothom i per a tots els temes, també. Les persones són… al cap i a la fi, fan amistats entre elles i és increïble, és un espai molt divertit, també. Andreu: [5:17] D'acord. Kerrie, alguna cosa per afegir? Kerry: [5:20] És que sento que fa… és una gran part de la meva vida. És que cada dia hi ha alguna cosa a Discord a llegir, a veure els vídeos que envieu, per exemple, els jocs de paraules i tot això. I, no sé, cada dia hi ha alguna cosa per fer a Discord. Fes-te membre de la subscripció de pòdcast per accedir a les transcripcions completes, a la reproducció interactiva amb Transcript Player i a l'ajuda de vocabulari. (http://easycatalan.org/membership)
This episode is the second of a two-part series. In this episode, Kamo-sensei narrates and demonstrates, composing 6 Ohara Ikebana, a prominent form of Japanese flower arrangements. Members of Central Ohio Ohara Ikebana hosted this event at the Yosoko Center in Columbus, Ohio to share the art of Ikebana with the public. In the prior episode, COOI president Joe Rotella presented on the history of Ohara Ikebana.The video version of this shortened narration-only version is here.The full-length demonstration video is here.Show notes, relevant pictures, and links are available coming soon.See you in the next episode!Guest Info:This episode features Kamo-sensei, Associate Professor of Ikebana. He was hosted by Central Ohio Ohara Ikebena (COOI). Find more about COOI at the links below.COOI WebsiteCOOI InstagramCOOI FacebookSponsor Info:This episode is sponsored by (me!) In Vivo Bonsai of Columbus, Ohio. Find me in person, at invivobonsai.etsy.com, or go to https://www.InVivoBonsai.com/to see upcoming events, expanding online offerings, educational materials, and more.Support the Pod:Anytime you listen, subscribe, rate us, or share us with friends you help keep us motivated to keep making episodes for you all! If you want to take it to the next level, you can also help keep the podcast going by donating to us through Spotify or by sponsoring an episode (contact us directly for that). All donations go back into the podcast such as for our web hosting, recording gear expenses, etc.Podcast Info:The Bonsai Time Podcast is hosted, edited, & produced by Kevin Faris, Ryan Huston, & Kelly Lui. We expect to post new interviews and reflections monthly! Find us on YouTube, Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, our website, and our emailBonsaiTimePodcast@gmail.com.Submit questions or pictures for future Bonsai Brainstorm episodes to our email, social media DMs, or here.Music by MIDICANCER. Find more music by them on SoundCloud and BandCamp.Host info:Ryan is a former bonsai apprentice of Elandan Gardens and current operator of In Vivo Bonsai nursery and educational operation in Columbus, OH. Kevin is a bonsai student and local leader of many years now moving to Maryland. Kelly is a newer bonsai artist volunteering and studying especially in the Los Angeles area.More Bonsai Projects by Ryan:Read more about bonsai on his blog and learn more about his educational services here.Find Ryan's online-available bonsai products, seeds, tools, etc. here. Each seed kit sold comes with my full 10-year bonsai-from-seed guide.Find Ryan on Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, and TikTok as well if you need more bonsai in your feed.Also, check out some of my video editing work for the Puget Sound Bonsai Association and Columbus Bonsai Society's demonstration archives.
This video is the part of a two-part series. In this first video, Joe Rotella explains the history of Ohara Ikebana which is one of the more prominent forms of Japanese flower arrangements. Joe and other members of Central Ohio Ohara Ikebana hosted this event at the Yosoko Center in Columbus, Ohio to share the art of Ikebana with the public and to host a Japanese master named Kamo-sensei who demonstrates the art of Ikebana in the next video.The video version is coming soon.Show notes, relevant pictures, and links are available coming soon.See you in the next episode!Guest Info:This episode features Joe Rotella, president of Central Ohio Ohara Ikebena (COOI). Find more about Joe and COOI at the links below.COOI WebsiteCOOI InstagramCOOI FacebookJoe Rotella - CreateNCraft, Ikebana WorkshopsSponsor Info:This episode is sponsored by (me!) In Vivo Bonsai of Columbus, Ohio. Find me in person, atinvivobonsai.etsy.com, or go to https://www.InVivoBonsai.com/to see upcoming events, expanding online offerings, educational materials, and more.Support the Pod:Anytime you listen, subscribe, rate us, or share us with friends you help keep us motivated to keep making episodes for you all! If you want to take it to the next level, you can also help keep the podcast going by donating to us through Spotify or by sponsoring an episode (contact us directly for that). All donations go back into the podcast such as for our web hosting, recording gear expenses, etc.Podcast Info:The Bonsai Time Podcast is hosted, edited, & produced by Kevin Faris, Ryan Huston, & Kelly Lui. We expect to post new interviews and reflections monthly! Find us onYouTube,Facebook,Instagram,TikTok, ourwebsite, and our emailBonsaiTimePodcast@gmail.com.Submit questions or pictures for future Bonsai Brainstorm episodes to our email, social media DMs, orhere.Music by MIDICANCER. Find more music by them onSoundCloud andBandCamp.Host info:Ryan is a former bonsai apprentice of Elandan Gardens and current operator of In Vivo Bonsai nursery and educational operation in Columbus, OH.Kevin is a bonsai student and local leader of many years now moving to Maryland.Kelly is a newer bonsai artist volunteering and studying especially in the Los Angeles area.More Bonsai Projects by Ryan:Read more about bonsai on his blog and learn more about his educational serviceshere.Find Ryan's online-available bonsai products, seeds, tools, etc.here. Each seed kit sold comes with my full 10-year bonsai-from-seed guide.Find Ryan onFacebook,Instagram,YouTube, andTikTokas well if you need more bonsai in your feed.Also, check out some of my video editing work for thePuget Sound Bonsai Association andColumbus Bonsai Society's demonstration archives.
Here's something wild: a chunk of the Moon might've broken off, and it's hanging out closer to Earth than you'd think!
Nous sommes en 1594, à Kyoto, au centre de Honshū, la plus grande île du Japon. Cette année-là est capturé Ishikawa Goemon, bandit de grand chemin. Sa mise à mort, sur les berges de la rivière Kamo, est atroce.. En témoigne la « Chronique du noble Yamashina Tokitsune, on y peut lire : « Hier, temps clair. Dix voleurs et un enfant ont été ébouillantés dans une marmite. Huit autres brigands ont été crucifiés, en tout dix-neuf personnes. La justice a été rendue (…). Gens de noblesse et gens de peu, tous étaient rassemblés. » Ishikawa Goemon, très rapidement, va devenir un personnage de légende, l'un des favoris de la culture populaire nippone. Peu à peu, on en fait une sorte dequi vole les riches pour redistribuer aux pauvres. L'un des contes à propos de l'infortuné nous dit qu'il aurait longtemps échappé à ses poursuivants parce qu'il se serait initié au « ninjutsu », l'art et les techniques des ninjas, auprès du célèbre Momochi Sandayû, dont l'existence reste loin d'être établie. Mais qui sont véritablement les ninjas à qui l'ont a prêté des pouvoirs quasi surnaturels ? Des hommes de l'ombre, d'humbles origines, insignifiants aux yeux des érudits du Japon ancien. Des individus dénigrés contraints à la guérilla, ayant développé des aptitudes de combat originales. De espions et des mercenaires au service des Shoguns. La réalité est complexe car les sources sont rares et se mélangent au mythe. Un mythe encore bien vivant aujourd'hui que allons tenter de décortiquer … Avec nous : Pierre-François Souyri, spécialiste du Japon médiéval, conseiller historique du jeu vidéo « Assassin's Creed Shadows ». « Histoire des ninjas – Hommes de main et espions dans le Japon des Samouraïs » ; Tallandier. Sujets traités : Ninjas, Japon, Ishikawa Goemon,Yamashina Tokitsune, Robin des Bois,Momochi Sandayû,espions, Shoguns Merci pour votre écoute Un Jour dans l'Histoire, c'est également en direct tous les jours de la semaine de 13h15 à 14h30 sur www.rtbf.be/lapremiere Retrouvez tous les épisodes d'Un Jour dans l'Histoire sur notre plateforme Auvio.be :https://auvio.rtbf.be/emission/5936 Intéressés par l'histoire ? Vous pourriez également aimer nos autres podcasts : L'Histoire Continue: https://audmns.com/kSbpELwL'heure H : https://audmns.com/YagLLiKEt sa version à écouter en famille : La Mini Heure H https://audmns.com/YagLLiKAinsi que nos séries historiques :Chili, le Pays de mes Histoires : https://audmns.com/XHbnevhD-Day : https://audmns.com/JWRdPYIJoséphine Baker : https://audmns.com/wCfhoEwLa folle histoire de l'aviation : https://audmns.com/xAWjyWCLes Jeux Olympiques, l'étonnant miroir de notre Histoire : https://audmns.com/ZEIihzZMarguerite, la Voix d'une Résistante : https://audmns.com/zFDehnENapoléon, le crépuscule de l'Aigle : https://audmns.com/DcdnIUnUn Jour dans le Sport : https://audmns.com/xXlkHMHSous le sable des Pyramides : https://audmns.com/rXfVppvN'oubliez pas de vous y abonner pour ne rien manquer.Et si vous avez apprécié ce podcast, n'hésitez pas à nous donner des étoiles ou des commentaires, cela nous aide à le faire connaître plus largement.
Reid welcomes Trent Leichleiter, Managing Partner of Nebraska's Pheasant Bonanza Hunt Club back to the podcast. On this visit, Trent discusses some tactics for late-season midwest roosters while also giving an update on KAMO Inc., the organization he started some years ago to mentor new outdoors people and also find forever homes for gundogs in need. More at www.kamoinc.org
Salut les enfants, j'espère que vous allez bien ! Pour les vacances qui viennent de commencer, j'avais envie de vous proposer des épisodes un peu spéciaux, des épisodes pas comme d'habitude ! Alors bien sûr, après je referai des épisodes normaux, mais juste pour les 15 jours qui arrivent, vous aurez un épisode par jour du lundi au vendredi, normalement, enfin si je m'endors pas tellement j'aurai mangé…Au programme aujourd'hui :Kamo l'agence Babel Thomas l'architecte et Marie nous raconte son anecdote ------cet épisode du cool club de petit vulgaire a été réalisé par Antoine Olier, Moi, je suis Marine Baousson, le générique est de Romain Baoussonet c'est une production studio Brune… si cet épisode vous a plu, likez, mettez des étoiles, parlez en à tout le monde, et surtout, brossez vous bien les dents tous les jours, c'est hyper important ! Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.
Valdības koalīcijas partijas tā arī nevienojās par kopīgu kandidātu Latvijas Bankas prezidenta amatam un nav izslēgts, ka tiks ievēlēts zaļo un zemnieku savienības izvirzītais kandidāts, tikai ne ar valdības partneru, bet opozīcijas atbalstu. Vai tas atstās kādas sekas uz valdības darbu? Par valdību runājam nedaudz vairāk, tajā skaitā dažiem premjeres izteicieniem. Pievēršamies arī citiem tematiem, proti, nedienām, ar ko saskārušies oficiālās e-adreses lietotāji, parlamentārās izmeklēšanas komisijas "Rail Baltica" lietā galaziņojuma, ar ko komisija nupat nākusi klajā. Nedēļas notikumus Krustpunktā analizē 360TV ziņu dienesta žurnāliste Lauma Niedrīte, ziņu aģentūras LETA žurnāliste Anastasija Tetarenko-Supe un TV24 žurnālists Ansis Bogustovs.
Máme pre teba ďalšiu epizódu s Honzou Vojtkem, odborníkom na vzťahy, párovú terapiu a najžiadanejším hosťom Sexošky ever! Na drobné sme rozobrali napríklad romantizáciu vzťahov - ako vzniká a prečo máme od partnerov často nereálne očakávania, trendy či #couplegoals, no zašli sme trochu aj do vzdelania, výskumov či politiky. Skrátka - nabitá epizóda s nabitým hosťom! Prvú epizódu s Honzou si môžeš vypočuť tu! Kamoši, plánujete rodinu teraz alebo v budúcnosti? Klinika asistovanej reprodukcie Gyncare vám pomôže na ceste k rodičovstvu, ale aj so zachovaním plodnosti. Ak si žena a ťahá ti na 30, zbystri! Do konca roka môžeš využiť zľavu 100 € na Social Freezing a uchovať si plodnosť na neskôr. Pre viac informácii, klikaj sem. Slovenská rodinná značka výživových doplnkov Carnium Botanicals sa zas postará o to, aby zimné obdobie pre teba nebolo žiaden problém! Zabudni na chorôbky a soplíky, pretože vďaka tejto značke môžeš posilniť nielen svojho ducha, ale aj telo kvalitnými výrobkami, ktoré aj my už nejaký ten piatok testujeme. S našim kódom SEXOSKA15 tiež získaš super zľavy, tak klikaj na https://carniumbotanicals.sk a objednávaj! KTO MAŽE TEN JEDE merch nájdeš na našom webe spolu s našou hrou 69 sekúnd, printami a formičkami na pečenie! Ak sa ti epizóda páčila, sleduj nás aj na Toldo, kde pridávame extra obsah.
The 365 Days of Astronomy, the daily podcast of the International Year of Astronomy 2009
From November 16, 2021. After five years of observations, researchers have found that the quasi-satellite Kamo'oalewa, which currently orbits the Earth, is similar to a lunar sample collected during the Apollo 14 mission. Plus, Russia blows up a satellite, TESS finds a circumbinary planet, and we interview Dr. Gail Christeson of the University of Texas, Austin, about mapping Chicxulub crater. We've added a new way to donate to 365 Days of Astronomy to support editing, hosting, and production costs. Just visit: https://www.patreon.com/365DaysOfAstronomy and donate as much as you can! Share the podcast with your friends and send the Patreon link to them too! Every bit helps! Thank you! ------------------------------------ Do go visit http://www.redbubble.com/people/CosmoQuestX/shop for cool Astronomy Cast and CosmoQuest t-shirts, coffee mugs and other awesomeness! http://cosmoquest.org/Donate This show is made possible through your donations. Thank you! (Haven't donated? It's not too late! Just click!) ------------------------------------ The 365 Days of Astronomy Podcast is produced by the Planetary Science Institute. http://www.psi.edu Visit us on the web at 365DaysOfAstronomy.org or email us at info@365DaysOfAstronomy.org.
Notes del programa Avui entrevistem en Kamo, un membre molt actiu de la comunitat d'Easy Catalan que no només ha participat en moltes xerrades a Discord, sinó que ell mateix n'ha organitzat. Som-hi! Vols practicar el català amb nosaltres cada dia? Fes-te membre de la comunitat per només 5€ al mes! (https://easycatalan.org/membership) L'expressió de la setmana a poc a poc i bona lletra ('per fer les coses bé, no s'ha de córrer') Bonus El Kamo ens explica amb més detall com ho va fer per arribar al C1 en tan poc temps. Transcripció Andreu: [0:15] Hola, Sílvia! Sílvia: [0:16] Hola, Andreu! Andreu: [0:17] Què, com va la calor? Sílvia: [0:18] Doncs aquí, anar-la aguantant. Andreu: [0:21] He fet un "upgrade", he fet una actualització important de l'habitació en què gravo el pòdcast i he posat un ventilador de sostre. Sílvia: [0:28] Renoi, això sí que és luxe! Andreu: [0:30] A veure, luxe potser no tant, però… però sí, ha millorat. La situació ha millorat i ara és molt més suportable de gravar un episodi en ple estiu… aquí, amb la finestra tancada i la porta tancada. I a més a més, és més ecològic que un aire condicionat, i més econòmic també. Així que bé. En fi, no em vull allargar, perquè avui tenim un convidat aquí al pòdcast que ens fa molta il·lusió tenir, que feia molt temps que volíem entrevistar, i és que… clar, en les últimes setmanes hem parlat de temes diversos que poden ser especialment interessants per a persones que han vingut a viure aquí, no? Hem parlat, per exemple, de com moure's en tren pel territori, del sistema sanitari, de buscar pis i el vocabulari relacionat, d'entrevistes de feina… I avui volem entrevistar una persona que al seu dia va haver d'aprendre totes aquestes coses pel seu compte, perquè aquests episodis no existien, no? Sílvia: [1:28] Ara ja sí, eh? Andreu: [1:29] Ara ja sí, ara ja sí. Ell és el Kamo, un membre molt actiu de la comunitat d'Easy Catalan que va marxar del seu país natal, Colòmbia, per venir a treballar i fer vida aquí, en aquest racó del món que anomenem Catalunya. Per tant, hola, Kamo, com estàs? Sílvia: [1:44] Hola, Kamo! Kamo: [1:45] Hola, nois! Què tal? Com esteu? Andreu: [1:48] Com va tot? Sílvia: [1:48] Molt bé! Kamo: [1:49] Molt bé, i vosaltres? Andreu: [1:50] Molt bé! Sílvia: [1:51] També, també! Benvingut al pòdcast, eh? Kamo: [1:54] Home, haig de dir que per mi és tot un honor ser-hi i la veritat és que estic molt content d'acompanyar-vos en aquest capítol. Andreu: [2:04] Fantàstic! Doncs, a veure, tenim unes quantes preguntes per a tu. Sílvia, dispara. Sílvia: [2:08] A veure, sabem que vius a Valls. Encara no hem pogut anar a gravar cap vídeo d'entrevistes a Valls, que segur que hi anirem alguna vegada, però què ens pots explicar sobre aquesta vila que t'acull? Kamo: [2:19] Aviam, Valls és una ciutat petita, és la capital de l'Alt Camp i la veritat és que hi ha moltes coses que puc explicar respecte a la ciutat, però n'hi ha una de molt important que m'agradaria que els oients i vosaltres sapigueu, i és que es fa una festa que es diu La Calçotada. I jo us proposo, aprofito l'oportunitat per convidar-vos perquè vingueu. La festa es diu La Calçotada, com ja he dit, i la ciutat està plena de gom a gom. La rauxa és la protagonista, tothom està eufòric, feliç, gaudint, ve molta gent de fora, de Barcelona i de… dels voltants. I la veritat és que trobo que aquesta festa és digna de… de que tothom la conegui, perquè hi ha moltes coses a fer, hi ha un concurs, per exemple, que em va cridar moltíssim l'atenció, que és gent menjant calçots, i aquell que pugui menjar més quantitat, guanya. Sílvia: [3:30] Exacte, sí! En vam parlar en un episodi del pòdcast, d'això. Crec que vam parlar de les calçotades en general i també vam parlar d'això, d'aquest concurs de menjar calçots. No sé si te'n recordes, Andreu. Andreu: [3:41] Sí. Tu, Kamo, hi has participat, en aquest concurs? [...] Fes-te membre de la subscripció de pòdcast per accedir a les transcripcions completes, a la reproducció interactiva amb Transcript Player i a l'ajuda de vocabulari. (http://easycatalan.org/membership)
© 2020-2026 Ivy Podcast Discovery LLC
