Podcasts about Shulchan Aruch

Audio, eng_t_norav_2025-09-13_lesson_bs-shamati-122-leavin-ma-she-mevoar_n2_p1. Lesson_part :: Daily_lesson 2

Video, eng_t_norav_2025-09-13_lesson_bs-shamati-122-leavin-ma-she-mevoar_n2_p1. Lesson_part :: Daily_lesson 2

Have you ever considered that while Hashem makes Himself extraordinarily accessible during Elul, we still need to make the effort to meet Him? This profound question sits at the heart of our exploration of the Alter Rebbe's famous "King is in the Field" teaching.The concept, originated by Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liadi (founder of Chabad Hasidism), presents a beautiful metaphor for understanding divine accessibility during the month of Elul. Just as a king might leave his palace and venture into the fields where his subjects can approach him directly without formal protocols, Hashem becomes more approachable during this special time. But the challenging question remains: if the King is in the field, are you?We delve into where exactly this "field" might be found, drawing on the Talmudic teaching that Hashem is found within the "four cubits of halacha" – approximately 80 inches according to Rav Moshe Feinstein's calculation. This suggests that our meeting place with Hashem exists within the framework of Torah study, prayer, and Jewish practice. The quiet moments of nighttime learning create particularly fertile ground for authentic spiritual connection.The Alter Rebbe, a Torah genius who authored a Shulchan Aruch before turning 25, understood how to make profound spiritual concepts accessible. His teaching challenges us to wake from spiritual slumber this Elul through honest Torah study that illuminates our hearts and reconnects us to our divine source. Will you accept the challenge to step into the field where the King awaits?Support the showJoin The Motivation Congregation WhatsApp community for daily motivational Torah content!---------------- SUBSCRIBE to The Weekly Parsha for an insightful weekly talk on the week's Parsha. Listen on Spotify or 24six! Access all Torah talks and listen to featured episodes on our website, themotivationcongregation.org ----------------Questions or Comments? Please email me @ michaelbrooke97@gmail.com

In this episode, we continue our series on the halachos of Shabbos and medical emergencies, focusing on pikuach nefesh (life-threatening danger). We explore:When it is obligatory to desecrate Shabbos to save or treat a sick person.The difference between internal wounds, external injuries, and fevers, and how halacha views each.Cases of doubt—why even uncertain danger requires immediate action.The role of a doctor's judgment, the patient's own assessment, and when a non-Jew should be asked to perform melacha.The fundamental debate: is Shabbos completely set aside (hutra) in danger to life, or only temporarily suspended (dechuya)?Drawing on the Shulchan Aruch, Mishnah Berurah, and later authorities, we clarify how to act responsibly and decisively in urgent medical situations on Shabbos.If you haven't already, please subscribe so you won't miss the next shiur in this series.

Learning ahead in Our Relationship Flow on Nekudah Tovot of Shulchan Aruch & Likutei Halachos at  @shiratdavid  Efrat with the blessing from RavShlomoKatz.com  …We develop these important steps in advice with Rav Moshe Wolfson zt'l Chiddush of “G-d, Remember ourselves for the Good” based on Sefer Nechemiah Hashgacha Pratis name switch & focus instead of Ezra 1 & 2… a new focus of learning positive parts of Torah only, teshuva with Rachmanus on the Neshama aka Soul…  @BreslovDotOrg etc, etc… Cover photo

This episode explores the halachic principles surrounding medical treatment on Shabbos, with a focus on internal wounds and toothaches. We examine when pain and illness justify Shabbos desecration, how conditions once deemed life-threatening are approached in light of modern medicine, and whether tooth extractions can be permitted today. Sources from the Shulchan Aruch, Rema, Mishnah Berurah, and later authorities are discussed, highlighting distinctions between minor discomfort, severe pain, and potentially dangerous conditions. Practical guidance emphasizes consulting rabbinic authority for individual cases.

We went ahead in Likutei Halachos learning ahead in our new series at Shirat David, with permission from Rav Shlomo Katz literally in the Shiur we summarize the past 2 sessions - ​Thanking Hashem for our soul and soul mate. ​Strengthening the good points in our self and partner & home with community.​For this session we discussed the Shulchan Aruch with insight from Likutei Halachos how The Tzaddick x Mercy from Hashem based on The Beit Yosef's path to Misgaber awake with strength from sleep or the more realistic path of Rachamei Hashem aspect of Moshe Rabbeinu kneged the Rama bringing a Shefa of Mercy to awaken our soul from sleep aka exile and keep us married & loyal etc… ​ Today we focus so much on the Nekudah Tovah that the Black becomes our Beauty. The Good points is connected to the mitzvah of Shema Yisrael and bringing more oneness Yichud of Hashem Echad = Esmach Oid - Nekudah Tovot boosts our Relationship Flow in the deepest most impactful way!Cover Photo Davening at Shirat David with my oldest son and 3 new stars

Learning ahead in our new series at Shirat David, with permission from Rav Shlomo Katz literally in the Shiur we summarize the past 2 sessions - ​ Thanking Hashem for our soul and soul mate.​ Strengthening the good points in our self and partner & home with community.For this session we discussed the Shulchan Aruch with insight from Likutei Halachos how 3. The Tzaddick x Mercy from Hashem based on The Beit Yosef's path to Misgaber awake with strength from sleep or the more realistic path of Rachamei Hashem aspect of Moshe Rabbeinu kneged the Rama bringing a Shefa of Mercy to awaken our soul from sleep aka exile etc…Cover Photo Rav Shlomo Katz bringing alive the Chiyus vitality of the soul through his holy Niggunim Erev Shabbos and weekly Elul shiurim of

התוכן 1) התורה אומרת על "הירא ורך הלבב" ש"ילך וישוב לביתו"! (כי עד שישפיעו עליו שלא יהא "ירא ורך הלבב" הוא עלול להזיק...). נניח שכוונתו רצוי', אבל הרי יש פס"ד בשו"ע [סי' שכט], וכבר ראו בפועל הצרות כתוצאה מ"נסיגות" השונות, ועפ"י טבע אין דרך אחרת לבטל הלחץ מצד הגויים כ"א ע"י שיראו שהלחץ לא עוזר ומיישבים את כל השטחים! 2) בהתוועדות דפורים, כשדובר בנוגע ל"איש הירא ורך הלבב", הוזכר מ"ש "ילך וישוב לביתו ואל ירך את לבב אחיו כלבבו". ו"טענו" הרי לשון הפסוק הוא "ולא ימס"? הנה זה הי' בדוקא: 1) כדי לא להכנס לשקו"ט האם יש בזה משום "דברים שבכתב אי אתה רשאי לאומרם בע"פ". 2) משום "אל תפתח פה וכו'", כי "ימס" הוא חמור יותר מ"ירך". 3) הפסוק מדבר על מי שנמצא "בקשרי המלחמה" עצמו, שאז שייך הענין ד"ימס", משא"כ לפני שיוצאים למלחמה ועד"ז בנדו"ד שייך רק הענין ד"ירך". ועל הטענה על מ"ש אז שאלו ש"מרעישים" שיש להחזיר שטחים וכו' ה"ז מפני שלא רוצים לעזוב את ה"כסא" [בממשלה] – לא אמרתי שזה אצל כולם. אצל חלק חשוב מהם ה"ז מפני שהם "הירא ורך הלבב". בכל אופן יש לפעול עליהם להפסיק להרעיש... ולעמוד בתוקף וליישב בפועל את כל השטחים שעל הגבול, וכפס"ד בשו"ע.1) משיחת פורים ה'תשל"ח 2) משיחת מוצאי ש"פ צו ה'תשל"ח ל"הנחה פרטית" או התרגום ללה"ק של השיחה: https://thedailysicha.com/?date=29-08-2025 Synopsis (1) The Torah says that “anyone who is fearful and fainthearted” “must go and return to his house” (because even if it's possible to work with him so that he ceases to be fearful and fainthearted, by the time that happens he is liable to cause harm). Even assuming that the people urging to return land have good intentions, nevertheless there is a clear ruling in Shulchan Aruch (Siman 329), and we have already seen in practice the great troubles that have resulted from the various withdrawals. According to nature, there is no other way to eliminate the pressure from the nations except by showing that the pressure doesn't help – by settling all the territories. (2) Some people complained that during the Purim farbrengen, when discussing those who are “fearful and fainthearted,” I used the expression, “so as not to cause the heart of his brothers to become faint,” whereas the verse's wording is, “so as not to cause the heart of his brothers to melt like his heart.” My wording was deliberate, for several reasons: (i) To avoid the issue of, “Matters that were written, you may not say them by heart”; (ii) because of the concept of “not opening one's mouth [to the Satan],” being that “melting” is more severe than becoming “faint”; (iii) the verse is talking about someone who is already in actual combat, in which case the concern is that his heart will “melt,” whereas before going to war – and similarly in this case – the concern is only that his heart will become “faint.” And in response to those who complained about my statement that those who are clamoring for the return of the territories etc. are doing so because they don't want to give up their seat in the government – I didn't say that this applies to all of them; many of them are doing so because they are “fearful and fainthearted.” In any case, it is necessary to get them to stop clamoring for it…and to stand firmly and actually settle all the territories in the border areas, in accordance with the ruling of the Shulchan Aruch.(1) Excerpt from sichah of Purim 5738; (2) excerpt from sichah of Motzaei Shabbos parashas Tzav 5738 For a transcript in English of the Sicha: https://thedailysicha.com/?date=29-08-2025 לזכות מרת שיינא בת חנה שתחי' ליום ההולדת שלה ה' אלוללשנת ברכה והצלחה, ואריכות ימים ושנים טובות

Learning ahead in Shulchan Aruch and Likutei Halakos we go ahead from Modeh Ani thanking Hashem for our Soul and Souls to seeing the good points the foundational Torah to begin the Inner Torah of Halacha with Azamra Elokai Bodi… the Nekudah Tovah etc… Unity Inspires Projects - United Souls 57 - The Soul Level is the Boss - Revealed Elul & the Shofar Blowing through Tishrei! https://eligoldsmith.substack.com/p/unity-inspires-projects-united-souls-af6?r=oyu71&utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=web&triedRedirect=true #unitedsouls #elul #tishrei #unitybookings #soulisboss

The Rebbe expresses joy about the group's daily public study of the Alter Rebbe's Shulchan Aruch and assumes they also learn Chassidus daily, not only on Shabbos. He sends regards to the group, encloses a section from a farbrengen talk of Elul, and asks what has been done with the records of recollections from the 1920s onward. https://www.torahrecordings.com/rebbe/004_igros_kodesh/elul/1158

On Behalf of Rav Shlomo Katz at the holy Kehila & community of Shirat David, Efrat we begin a new series with a Relationship Flow focus through Shulchan Aruch & Likutei Halachos… We by renewing our learning from the beginning of the Torah of the Way of Life aka Orech Chaim, we shall strengthen ourselves in between Mincha & Mariv, through simple truths, our Shalom Bayis between us Hashem, our soulmate's & all of the Souls of Yisrael… Please share feedback & gratitude for this opportunity Elul 5785 & onwards leading into 5786 the blessed right way…Cover Photo @RavShlomoKatz Hallel Rosh Chodesh Elul ShiratDavid.com x UnityInspireProjects.comUnity Inspires Projects - United Souls 57 - The Soul Level is the Boss - Revealed Elul & the Shofar Blowing through Tishrei! https://eligoldsmith.substack.com/p/unity-inspires-projects-united-souls-af6?r=oyu71&utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=web&triedRedirect=true #unitedsouls #elul #tishrei #unitybookings #soulisboss

The sacred window of Elul has arrived, opening forty transformative days unlike any others in our calendar. This moment marks when Moses began his ascent up Mount Sinai to receive the second tablets—a profound historical pattern of forgiveness that we now have the opportunity to experience personally.What makes these days so powerful? Our sages teach that Elul represents "yimei haratzot"—exceptionally potent days of divine mercy when spiritual return is most accessible. The Shulchan Aruch describes them as "muvcharim yoser u'mezumanim lechuvah"—days specifically chosen and designated for teshuvah. This isn't merely tradition; it's a spiritual reality that creates an unparalleled opportunity for genuine transformation.Yet there's a crucial distinction between authentic teshuvah and the distractions that often derail us. Many well-intentioned people burden themselves with additional rituals during Elul—extra fasting, stringencies, complex commitments—without connecting these practices to what truly matters. Real teshuvah means "return"—reconnecting with God through honest introspection and meaningful change. Rather than adopting random practices, focus on what genuinely brings you closer to the divine: perhaps a consistent prayer schedule, character development, or simple yet profound commitments like arriving on time for morning prayers.Elul demands "a profound change of mindset, attitudes, and actions." These days of divine favor, joy, and mercy invite us to ascend our own spiritual mountains and return to a deeper relationship with Hashem. How will you use this sacred time? Begin your journey now—the mountain awaits your climb.Support the showJoin The Motivation Congregation WhatsApp community for daily motivational Torah content!---------------- SUBSCRIBE to The Weekly Parsha for an insightful weekly talk on the week's Parsha. Listen on Spotify or 24six! Access all Torah talks and listen to featured episodes on our website, themotivationcongregation.org ----------------Questions or Comments? Please email me @ michaelbrooke97@gmail.com

התוכן מנהג ישראל שכאשר רוצים לברך יהודי, מקשרים זאת עם נתינת צדקה ולימוד התורה לזכותו (כמ"ש בשו"ע שלפני הלימוד מותר להתנות שלאחר יהי' חלק בתורה שלומד). ולכן, ה"ז דבר טוב ונכון וכו' לתקן שמכאן ולהבא, כאשר מתאספים לאחל ולתת מתנות לבן/בת מצוה, לחתן-כלה וכיו"ב – שיקשרו זאת עם נתינת הצדקה ולימוד התורה לזכותם. ומצוה לפרסם. וכ"ז שייך גם לנשים: בנוגע לצדקה – הרי אדרבה, בזמננו הבעלים אכן מכניסים את הכסף אבל הכסף מונח אצל הנשים והן אחריות על ההוצאות... (הן נותנות לבעל מהכסף עבור הוצאותיו וכו'...). בנוגע ללימוד התורה: כמ"ש בשו"ע ב' הטעמים שהן מברכות ברכות התורה – 1) יש להן חלק בלימוד התורה של הבעל והילדים. 2) הן עצמן חייבות בלימוד כל ההלכות הצריכות להן. ונוסף לזה ה"ה מחוייבות בלימוד החסידות בכל פרטי', שזהו ה"דרך ארוכה וקצרה" ל"כי קרוב אליך הדבר מאוד וכו'", ועי"ז באים לאהבת ויראת ה' וכו', שגם הן מחוייבות בזה.ב' חלקים משיחת י"ט כסלו ה'תשכ"ט ל"הנחה פרטית" או התרגום ללה"ק של השיחה: https://thedailysicha.com/?date=20-08-2025 Synopsis It is a Jewish custom, when blessing another Jew, to tie it to tzedakah and Torah study on their behalf (as it says in the Shulchan Aruch: before studying Torah, it is permitted to stipulate that the study will be in someone else's merit). Therefore, it is a good and proper practice to establish that from now on, when Jews gather to offer blessings and give gifts to a Bar or Bas Mitzvah, a Chosson and Kallah etc. – it should be tied to giving tzedakah and studying Torah in their merit. It is a mitzvah to publicize this. And this applies to women too: Regarding tzedakah, we find that these days, while the husbands may be the ones who bring in the money, the spending is in the hands of the wives (in fact, their husbands come to them for money for their personal expenses etc.). Regarding Torah study: The Shulchan Aruch states two reasons why women recite the blessings over Torah study: (1) They have a share in the Torah study of their husbands and children, and (2) they themselves are obligated to learn all the halachos pertaining to the mitzvos that apply to them. In addition, women are also fully obligated in the study of Chassidus, which is the path to love and fear of Hashem etc., obligations that apply to women just as they apply to men.2 excerpts from sichah of 19 Kislev 5729 For a transcript in English of the Sicha: https://thedailysicha.com/?date=20-08-2025

This episode continues our in-depth exploration of the melacha of cooking on Shabbos, focusing on the core halachic principles that define when cooking occurs and whether further cooking is possible after a food is already cooked. We examine distinctions between dry and moist foods, the significance of yad soledes bo (the heat at which one's hand recoils), and the minimum cooking threshold known as Ma'achal Ben Derusai. The discussion compares the rulings of the Shulchan Aruch and the Rema, exploring scenarios involving primary and secondary vessels, reheating cooled foods, and whether further heat improves or harms the food. Practical applications include placing food near a heat source, immersing in hot water, and the different rules for previously cooked foods.

Welcome to Daily Bitachon . Yesterday, we discussed pesukim from Parashat Ekev , and quoted from Shaare Teshuvah and others the positive commandment to remember the path we took in Mitzrayim — וזכרת את כל הדרך . We explained this to mean remembering the kindness of Hashem in the desert, and in general. However, the Chida and others offer a different understanding. The next pasuk says: ויענך וירעב ך / God pained you and starved you; ויאכילך את המן , He fed you the manna, that you did not know and your forefathers did not know about — and this teaches us a lesson: כי לא על הלחם לבדו יחיה האדם / man does not live on bread alone; כי על כל מוצא פי השם יחיה האדם /man lives on what emanates from the mouth of God. The Chida , in his sefer Avodat HaKodesh , section Kaf Achat , letter 6, writes that there is a mitzvat aseh to remember the manna every day — that God fed us the manna — and he quotes this pasuk . Many people, therefore, mention Parashat HaManna daily. This is actually in the Shulchan Aruch , first siman , 5th halacha , where it says tov lomar , it is good to say Parashat HaMan every single day. So, it's in the Shulchan Aruch, which says it's a good idea to remember the manna — not just the desert experience in general. People often focus on the segulah of saying Parashat HaMan on the third day of Parashat Beshalach , based on a certain, more recent, chasidic Rebbe, but in truth, the Shulchan Aruch and the Torah, is telling us to do this regularly. In the Sefer Yafeh LaLev , from the son of Rav Chaim Palagi, in the first siman of Shulchan Aruch , letter 24, he suggests that if one cannot recite it daily, he should at least recite it on Friday. The Bet Yosef explains the reason to say Parashat HaMan daily is kedei she'ya'amin /so that one should believe that, kol mezonotav /all his parnassah , comes b'hashgacha /through Hashem's Divine supervision. The Sefer Levush adds that this was exactly what happened with the manna — she'hishgiach Hashem yitbarach / Hashem supervised to give each person precisely one omer per family member . This showed clearly that Hashem knows exactly what goes on in your household. The Shulchan Aruch HaRav further notes that it says there, וימודו בעומר / they measured with the omer measuring bowl And ולא העדיף המרבה והממעיט לא החסיר /the one who gathered more had no extra, and the one who gathered less was not lacking. This demonstrates Hashem's exact hashgacha — you receive exactly what you are meant to receive, and no amount of extra hishtadlut will change it. Rabbenu Bachya , on Shemot 16:16, records a tradition from the sages: Kol ha'omer Parashat HaMan b'chol yom / whoever says Parashat HaMan daily, muvtach lo/ is guaranteed that he will never lack parnassah . This is not a magical formula; the segulah is in the emunah and bitachon that it instills. The Perisha on Orach Chaim Siman 1 quotes this from a Yerushalmi in Berachot , though it is absent from our version. Regardless, Rabbenu Bachya's words suffice to confirm its ancient tradition. *There is a halachic question about whether it should be said before or after prayers. Some rule that one should not request personal needs before tefillah , so it is customary to say it after Alenu L'shabe'ach , which is how it appears in many siddurim . If we wish to go further with segulot , the Sefer Shevet Mussar by Rav Eliyahu HaKohen of Izmir (chapter 40) says it is preferable to say it shnayim mikra ve'echad targum . And we can't let this topic pass without mentioning one of my favorite related stories- about Mr. David Mizrahi, a'h , who kept a glass jar with cotton balls in his office to remind himself of the manna . The prophet Yirmiyahu , when the Jewish people complained about parnassah and not being able to dedicate themselves to Torah, took the tzintzenet ha'man / the jar of manna from the Kodesh HaKodashim that was put there for safekeeping to show them what their forefathers lived on. Mr. Mizrahi keptt his jar as visual reminder to strengthen himself daily. Furthermore, in Ohr HaMeir ( Parashat Beha'alotecha ), it says the purpose is not some magical trick but l'orer libo b'kirbo b'bitachon — to awaken one's heart in reliance on Hashem, and lada'at u'lehavin — to know and understand — she'gam ata lo nifsak ha'man , that the manna has not ceased. Finally, in sefer Bet HaLevi (Artscroll edition, p. 15), he writes that regarding parnasa, mezonotav shel adam , all one's knowledge and hishtadlut lo yo'ilu me'umah — will not help at all to add more than what was decreed — just as with the manna , lo he'edir hamerbeh vehamamit lo hechsir /Whoever took more did not have extra and whoever took less was not lacking and The manna stands as an eternal sign that hishtadlut does not increase what is decreed. And of all this, according to the Chida , falls under the positive commandment mentioned in Parashat Ekev to remember the man na .

When and how does an animal that was worshipped become prohibited? • Surprisingly, the Shulchan Aruch rules in accordance with the Tur against the Rambam and Ran (the Rif and Rosh are mysteriously silent about Chalipei Chalipin)

The Shulchan Aruch warns us about even permissible Melacha or work on Tisha B'Av.

The Rebbe explains that education and teaching in purity is now a personal mitzvah that cannot be fulfilled by others, as others' efforts are insufficient. Therefore, it carries full halachic weight, as detailed in Shulchan Aruch and Hilchos Talmud Torah of the Alter Rebbe. https://www.torahrecordings.com/rebbe/igroskodesh/015/012/5627

The Rebbe clarifies that his intent is not limited to Chassidic synagogues but that all Jewish congregations, without exception, should learn Pnimiyus HaTorah. He supports this with clear sources, including the Rambam and Shulchan Aruch, emphasizing the ultimate goal of universal divine knowledge. https://www.torahrecordings.com/rebbe/igroskodesh/015/011/5618

In this episode, we explore the halachic principles behind tying and untying knots on Shabbat, focusing on the two key conditions discussed in classical sources: permanence and professional craftsmanship. We compare opinions from the Shulchan Aruch, Rambam, Rashi, and the Mishnah Berurah, and address when a knot may be permitted for mitzvah purposes or in cases of discomfort. Clear guidelines and practical examples—like tying a bucket rope or measuring a mikvah—help clarify when a knot constitutes a biblical or rabbinic concern.

This episode explores the halachic permissibility of killing or trapping animals on Shabbat, especially when they pose a danger. We focus on distinctions between life-threatening and non-lethal threats, and how intention affects the rulings. The discussion includes sources from the Shulchan Aruch, Mishnah Berurah, and views of the Rambam and other Rishonim. We also touch on related topics like treading on insects and handling spit on the ground during Shabbat.

How do we distinguish between immutable Torah truths and areas open to interpretation? In this episode, I sit down with Rabbi Pill, a Torah scholar and constitutional law professor, to explore the sacred yet complex process of halachic decision-making. We examine whether halacha is a divine system with fixed answers or a human endeavor grounded in humility, judgment, and tradition. From the Talmud to the Shulchan Aruch, we trace how halachic authority is defined and how differing practices are understood. Rabbi Pill brings clarity and reverence to this deep conversation, helping us better understand how halacha is built, sustained, and lived and where we draw the line between the immutable and the debatable.  Join the Conversation! Be part of our growing community—join the Shema Podcast for the Perplexed WhatsApp group to share feedback, discuss episodes, and suggest future topics. Click here to sign up.Explore The Art of Prayer – a collection of beautifully designed blessings (brachos) including Modeh Ani, Asher Yatzar, Netilas Yadayim and more.  Free to download and perfect for your home or classroom by clicking here.

In this episode, we explore the halachic principles surrounding temporary structures on Shabbat—specifically tents, curtains, and bed canopies. The discussion focuses on when it is permitted to erect or dismantle these structures, how elements like cords and a handbreadth-sized "roof" factor into permissibility, and whether everyday items like blankets can pose a halachic issue. Clear guidance is drawn from the Mishna Berura, Shulchan Aruch, and other key sources, offering practical insight into common Shabbat questions.

This episode examines the halachic framework for creating spouts and openings in containers on Shabbat—using wine barrels, reeds, and makeshift taps as classical examples. We explore how these principles inform modern applications, such as opening juice boxes, inserting straws, using spigots in beverage dispensers, and even managing wine casks in hospitality settings. Drawing from the Shulchan Aruch, Rema, and Mishnah Berurah, we uncover the fine line between permitted use and prohibited melacha based on intent, permanence, and tool use. Join us as we connect centuries-old rulings to present-day Sabbath observance.

Is the bracha on Chatzi Hallel based on it being a real obligation or just a minhag? We explore the machlokes between the Rambam, Rif, and Rabbeinu Tam: Is a bracha said only with a tzibur, or even by a yachid? Is there no bracha at all because it's just a minhag? We'll clarify the psak of the Shulchan Aruch and Rama, explain what Ashkenazim and Sephardim do, and discuss what to do if you're in the middle of Pesukei D'zimra when the tzibur starts Hallel. All based on the sugya in OC 422.

A deep dive into the complex halachic principles surrounding opening packaging on Shabbat. We explore the classic sources—Shulchan Aruch, Mishnah Berurah, and major Poskim—regarding creating or widening holes in containers, with real-world examples such as milk cartons and barrels. Includes practical guidance on handling packaging when pre-opening isn't possible.

In this in-depth episode, we explore the complex halachic questions surrounding the opening of food packaging on Shabbos. Drawing from the Shulchan Aruch, Mishna Berura, Chazon Ish, Rav Moshe Feinstein, and other major poskim, we break down the core prohibitions of Boneh (building), Soser (destruction), and Makeh B'Patish (final hammer blow) as they apply to modern containers.Should you open a cereal box on Shabbos? What about a bottle cap or yogurt lid? What's the difference between disposable and reusable packaging? Learn the practical guidelines, chumras, and leniencies, and understand why opening packaging before Shabbos is strongly advised. A must-listen for anyone seeking to keep Shabbos carefully and confidently in the modern kitchen.

This episode explores the halachic intricacies of doors, hinges, and barriers on Shabbat, focusing on Siman 313. We examine when placing or locking a door is considered building, the status of reed mats, thorn panels, and single-plank closures, and how constant use or prior attachment affects permissibility. A detailed look at common and less common cases, all through the lens of Shulchan Aruch and Mishnah Berurah

Gittin Shiur #96 Daf 10b- Dina D'malchusa Dina, Shulchan Aruch

Gittin Shiur #97 Daf 10b- Dina D'malchusa Dina, Shulchan Aruch

This episode delves into the laws of muktzah on Shabbat, focusing on items set aside due to their disgusting nature, like excrement or spoiled food. The discussion explores when such items can or cannot be moved, based on classic halachic sources and differing opinions of early rabbis. Practical cases—like smelly utensils, commercial produce, and food preparation—are analyzed through the lens of Shulchan Aruch and the Mishnah Berurah.

We have explained in a previous daily Halacha (see the Halacha entitled "Lag BaOmer- Cutting Hair, Weddings, Music, and More"), that Sephardim do not take hair cuts until the 34th day of the Omer. This is unlike the Ashkenazim who take hair cuts from the 33rd day of the Omer. So the question was asked about a case that is occurring this year 5765 (2005). Would it be permissible for a Sephardi to take a hair cut on the 33rd day of the Omer if the 34th day of the Omer falls out on Shabbat? Maran writes clearly in Shulchan Aruch that yes in deed, it is permissible for Sephardim to take a hair cut on the 33rd day of the Omer when the 34th day of the Omer falls out on Shabbat. One would not have to wait until Sunday. For that matter, Chacham Ovadia Yoseph writes in Yichaave Da'at in Helek 4, siman 32 that it is permissible to get a hair cut on Friday at any time. One does not have to wait until the afternoon. One can get a hair cut in the morning if he wants. As a mater of fact, Chacham Ovadia Yoseph says a person can even get a hair cut the night before (33rd of the Omer at night) if there is sufficient cause. For example, one can take a hair cut the night before if he has a business appointment the next morning, or if he can not get a hair cut appointment during the day, or if he needs to attend a Simcha. The question was asked about children and ladies and whether or not they may take hair cuts during the Omer. Well, we discussed this before in Daily Halacha (see the Halacha entitled "Lag BaOmer- Cutting Hair, Weddings, Music, and More"), but let's just repeat them again today for the purposes of review. Ladies are allowed to take hair cuts at any time during the Omer. As for children, they too may take hair cuts at any time during the Omer. Only once the boy becomes Bar Mitzvah he may not take hair cuts until the 34th (for Sephardim). But girls and ladies of all ages are not bound by this rule, and they may take a hair cut at any time during this period. The question was also asked about beards. Is it permissible to shave a beard on the 34th day of the Omer? More specifically, would it be permissible to allow Sephardim this year to shave on the 33rd? Chacham Ben Tzion Aba Shaul in his recently published book 'Or L'Tzion 3' discussed the Minhag of the Kabalists who do not take hair cuts for the 49 days of the Omer. The Arizal (Rabbi Yitzchak Luria, otherwise known as The Ari) also says this, however Chacham Ben Tzion holds that this restriction only applies to hair and not to beards. Therefore, even if someone wants to follow the Arizal and the Kabalists and refrain from taking a hair cut throughout all 49 days, he may however shave on the 34th day (the 33rd this year).

Is it proper to keep the Tzitzit of one's Tallit Katan inside his clothing, or should he expose them? Twice in his presentation of the laws of Tzitzit (8:11, 24:1), the Shulchan Aruch writes that the Tallit Katan should be worn over one's clothing, so that he sees the Tzitzit at all times and thereby be reminded of the Mitzvot. According to the Shulchan Aruch, the entire garment of the Tallit Katan should be worn over one's outermost garments (like many Chasidim do today). The Mishna Berura (8:26; commentary to the Shulchan Aruch by Rabbi Yisrael Meir Kagan, the "Chafetz Chayim," Lithuania, 1835-1933) strongly condemns the practice of those who tuck the Tzitzit inside their pants, rather than leave them exposed (listen to audio for precise citation). He writes that doing so not only undermines the purpose of Tzitzit – "you shall see them and remember all the commandments of God" (Bamidbar 15:39) – but also denigrates the Mitzva. The Mishna Berura adds that a person who received a garment as a gift from a king would proudly expose it for all to see; all the more so, then, should one make a point of exposing the Tzitzit. Those who conceal them, the Mishna Berura writes, will one day make an accounting for this shameful practice. However, the view of the Arizal (famed Kabbalist, Israel, 1534-1572), as recorded and understood by his student, Rabbi Chayim Vital (Israel-Syria, 1542-1620), and by the Chid"a (Rabbi Chayim Yosef David Azulai, Israel, 1724-1806), was that the Tallit Katan – both the garment and the Tzitzit strings – should not be exposed. Chacham Ovadia Hadaya (Israel, 1890-1969), in his work Yaskil Avdi, cites other Kabbalists who followed this view, as well. Therefore, Sepharadim, who generally follow the laws and customs of the Kabbalists, should keep their Tzitzit tucked into their garments. Chacham Bentzion Abba Shaul Z"L (Jerusalem, 1924-1998) cited his mentor, Chacham Ezra Attia Z"L (head of the renowned Yeshivat Porat Yosef in Jerusalem), as remarking that any Sepharadi that exposes his Tzitzit denigrates and casts aspersions on the previous generations of Sepharadim, who followed the practice of keeping the Tzitzit concealed. Rabbi Yehuda Tzadka Z"L (who served as Rosh Yeshiva along with Chacham Ezra Attia Z"L) testified that the esteemed Rabbi Yaakov Chaim Sofer (1870-1939), author of Kaf Ha'chayim Sofer, likewise kept his Tzitzit inside his clothing. The same is said about the prominent Kabbalist Rabbi Efrayim Cohen Z"L, and this is the ruling of Chacham Ovadia Yosef, in his work Yechaveh Da'at (2:1). Thus, in the spirit of the rule "Al Titosh Torat Imecha" ("Do not abandon your mother's teaching" – Mishlei 1:8, 6:20), Sepharadim should follow the time-honored tradition to wear their Tallit Katan and the Tzitzit strings inside their clothing, rather than expose them. It should be noted that Halacha permits allowing the Tzitzit strings to come in contact with one's skin, and one is thus not required to keep them in his pockets or tie them in such a way that they would not touch his skin.

התוכן הרמב"ם במשנה תורה ואדה"ז בשו"ע כותבים "בכל דור ודור חייב אדם להראות את עצמו כאילו הוא עתה יוצא משעבוד מצרים", וב"נוסח ההגדה" (וכן אדה"ז בתניא) כותבים "לראות כו'". כי החיוב בליל הפסח, שאודותיו מדובר ברמב"ם ובשו"ע, הוא שסיפור יצי"מ צ"ל באופן ד"והגדת לבנך" – לא רק "לראות את עצמו" (כבכל יום) אלא גם "להראות" לאחרים. אבל בשעה שמקיים ה"להראות" ע"י אמירת ההגדה אומר "חייב לראות", כי החיוב שנשאר לאח"ז (בכל יום) הוא רק "לראות". וזה שבשאר הפוסקים כתוב [נוגע לחיוב בליל הפסח] "לראות" הוא – כי לדעתם ה"והגדת לבנך" ("להראות") שבליל הפסח הוא דין בפ"ע ורק "לכתחילה", ואין לכללו בעיקר החיוב המעכב – "לראות" מה ש"עשה ה' לי בצאתי ממצרים". ויה"ר שכל א' יקיים בעצמו בימים שלפני הפסח הענין ד"לראות את עצמו וכו'", והעיקר – שכל אחד מישראל יצא מהגלות [שאפילו "פושעי ישראל" הם "ישראל", משא"כ אפי' "חסידי אוה"ע" הם "אומות העולם", ויש לבטל את הענין ד"עמלק בגימטריא ספק" שבזה וכו'].א' השיחות דהתוועדות יום א' פ' שמיני, י"א ניסן ה'תשל"ה ל"הנחה פרטית" או התרגום ללה"ק של השיחה: https://thedailysicha.com/?date=15-04-2025 Synopsis The Rambam writes in Mishneh Torah, and the Alter Rebbe writes in his Shulchan Aruch, that, “In every generation, a person is obligated to show himself as if he is now leaving the slavery of Egypt.” However, the Rambam's wording in the text of the Haggadah (and likewise, the Alter Rebbe's wording in Tanya) is “to see himself….” The reason is because the halachos in Rambam and the Alter Rebbe's Shulchan Aruch are discussing the obligation on Pesach night, where one must tell the story of leaving Egypt by “telling your son” – not just “seeing oneself” (which is a mitzvah every day), but also telling someone else, “to show.” But during the Seder itself, when one is actually reciting the Haggadah (in fulfillment of the obligation “to show”), he says, “A person is obligated to see,” because from that point on, the obligation remaining afterward (every day) is only “to see.” The reason that other Poskim write “to see” (even in the context of describing the obligation of Pesach night) is because they hold that the mitzvah to “tell your son” (“showing”) on Pesach night is a separate law in its own right, that should be done lechatchilah, but isn't strictly necessary for, and shouldn't be included in, the main obligation, which is “to see” what “Hashem has done for me when I came out of Egypt.” May it be Hashem's will that in the days leading up to Pesach, everyone merit to “see himself leaving Egypt” etc., and the main thing – that every Jew leave exile. (Every Jew, even the “sinners of the Jewish people, are still “Jewish people,” whereas even the “pious of the nations of the world” are still “nations of the world”; any doubts (“Amalek”) and confusion concerning the distinction between the two (regarding the “Who is a Jew?” issue) should be nullified etc.)Sichah from farbrengen of Sunday, Parashas Shemini, 11 Nissan 5735 For a transcript in English of the Sicha: https://thedailysicha.com/?date=15-04-2025

We begin learning Siman 308:1 in Shulchan Aruch with the Mishnah Berurah, focusing on the halachat of muktzeh. What items are prohibited to move on Shabbat—and why? We explore cases like a scribe's knife, a merchant's mallet, and how intent and usage affect status. A clear and practical intro to one of Shabbat's core areas.

Have any questions, insights, or feedback? Send me a text!Length: 1 hour 43 minutesSynopsis: Last night (4/4/25), in our Thursday night women's shiur, we explored a question posed to me by two of my students (shout out to Moshe and Shmarya) about a song found at the end of most Haggadot: “Is there an inherent problem with saying Adir Hu?” The concern is that, on the surface, Adir Hu seems to exemplify the type of excessive adjectival praise condemned by R' Chanina in Berachos 33b. Our session was more of a “Machshavah Lab”-style exploration than a formal shiur: we learned the Gemara, raised a bunch of questions, and then turned to the poskim—with the Rambam leading the minority view, opposed in various ways by the Tur, Beis Yosef, and Shulchan Aruch. We also looked at the Rambam's stricter formulation in the Moreh ha'Nevuchim, noting what seem like major inconsistencies in his position. We concluded with a summary of why, according to everyone except the Rambam in the Moreh, it's halachically permissible to sing Adir Hu. It was a fun adventure that left us with plenty of juicy questions and problems to think about over Pesach and beyond!-----מקורות:אדיר הואברכות דף לג עמוד ברמב"ם - משנה תורה: ספר אהבה, הלכות תפילה וברכת כהנים ט:ז; א:א-דטור אורח חיים קיג:טבית יוסף שםשולחן ערוך שםרמב"ם - מורה הנבוכים א:נטרמב"ם - משנה תורה: ספר אהבה, הלכות ברכות י:כד-----The Torah content from now until Erev Pesach has been sponsored by Yehudis Korn l'zecher nishmas Moshe ben Yeshayahu Yehuda.-----If you've gained from what you've learned here, please consider contributing to my Patreon at www.patreon.com/rabbischneeweiss. Alternatively, if you would like to make a direct contribution to the "Rabbi Schneeweiss Torah Content Fund," my Venmo is @Matt-Schneeweiss, and my Zelle and PayPal are mattschneeweiss at gmail. Even a small contribution goes a long way to covering the costs of my podcasts, and will provide me with the financial freedom to produce even more Torah content for you.If you would like to sponsor a day's or a week's worth of content, or if you are interested in enlisting my services as a teacher or tutor, you can reach me at rabbischneeweiss at gmail. Thank you to my listeners for listening, thank you to my readers for reading, and thank you to my supporters for supporting my efforts to make Torah ideas available and accessible to everyone.-----Substack: rabbischneeweiss.substack.com/Patreon: patreon.com/rabbischneeweissYouTube Channel: youtube.com/rabbischneeweissInstagram: instagram.com/rabbischneeweiss/"The Stoic Jew" Podcast: thestoicjew.buzzsprout.com"Machshavah Lab" Podcast: machshavahlab.buzzsprout.com"The Mishlei Podcast": mishlei.buzzsprout.com"Rambam Bekius" Podcast: rambambekius.buzzsprout.com"The Tefilah Podcast": tefilah.buzzsprout.comOld Blog: kolhaseridim.blogspot.com/WhatsApp Content Hub (where I post all my content and announce my public classes): https://chat.whatsapp.com/GEB1EPIAarsELfHWuI2k0HAmazon Wishlist: amazon.com/hz/wishlist/ls/Y72CSP86S24W?ref_=wl_sharel

In this week's episode we study a text from the Shulchan Aruch about ways to bring joy for a holiday, which includes meat and wine, toasted nuts and grains, and new clothes. We talk about the joy of getting new things, and how, often in our modern society, we buy so many new things that the joy diminishes. Some ideas we discuss are saving the joy of something special and new to coincide with a special event or a holiday and buying used clothes which can contain the extra joy of wearing something historical, unique, and the story of its previous wearer. Follow along here: www.sefaria.org/sheets/609796 .

**Today's Halacha is dedicated f or the refuah and haslacha of Ronnie, Sharon, Eli and all the children of CARE** Which is the proper way to recite the Amida – silently, or audibly? The Shulchan Aruch writes (101) that when praying the Amida one must move his lips and enunciate the words; thinking the words in one's mind does not fulfill the obligation, as indicating in the verse describing the prayer of Chana, mother of the prophet Shemuel: "Only her lips were moving…" (Shemuel I 1:13). This ruling of the Shulchan Aruch is shared by all authorities. There is, however, disagreement among the authorities as to how loudly the Amida should be recited. The Shulchan Aruch rules that one should recite the Amida softly enough so that those standing near him will not hear his prayer, but loudly enough to allow him to hear his own prayer. Among the Kabbalists, however, we find different traditions in this regard. The Chid"a (Rabbi Chayim Yosef David Azulai, Israel, 1724-1806), in his work "Birkei Yosef" (a commentary to the Shulchan Aruch), records a tradition he heard in the name of students of the Arizal (famed Kabbalist, Israel, 1534-1572) that the Amida must be prayed silently. If one's prayer is even slightly audible, the "Chitzonim" (harmful spiritual forces) are capable of disrupting the prayer's efficacy and preventing it from reaching its destination. By contrast, the Siddur Beit Oveid (in Hilchot Tefila, 75), after recording these comments of the Chid"a, cites a ruling from the Kabbalist Mahari Seruk, a student of the Arizal, that one must pray loudly enough to hear his own prayer. Thus, different traditions exist as to the proper way to recite the Amida according to the Kabbalah. The Ben Ish Chai (Rabbi Yosef Chayim of Baghdad, 1833-1909), in his work "Od Yosef Chai" (Parashat Mishpatim, 3; listen to audio for precise citation), rules that the Halacha on this issue depends on the individual's ability to properly pronounce the words and concentrate on his prayer. One who feels that he can accurately enunciate the words and pray with concentration reciting the Amida inaudibly, then he should do so, in accordance with the tradition cited by the Chid"a. If, however, one suspects that he might swallow his words or experience difficulty concentrating unless he recites the Amida audibly, then he should follow the Shulchan Aruch's ruling and pray the Amida loudly enough to hear his words. The Ben Ish Chai adds that his father followed the practice to recite the Amida audibly. Chacham Ovadia Yosef, in his work Halichot Olam (vol. 1, p. 157), writes that the Halacha follows the position of the Shulchan Aruch, that the Amida should be recited audibly. This will enhance his concentration and ability to pronounce the words properly. Of course, those who recite the Amida audibly must ensure to recite it softly enough that only they – and nobody else in the synagogue – can hear their prayer. Summary: According to all authorities, one must recite the Amida with his lips, and not merely think the words in his mind. One should recite the Amida audibly, such that he – but nobody else – can hear his prayer. If he feels capable of properly enunciating the words and concentrating while praying silently, the Ben Ish Chai says to pray silently.

התוכן אף שקיום תורה ומצוות צ"ל מתוך שמחה ומתוך תענוג, "שמחה וטוב לבב", מ"מ עיקר הדרישה היא – שמחה, כי היא צריכה להיות בגלוי דוקא. עיקר היסוד לשמחה אמיתית הוא – שלכל יהודי, יהי' מי שיהי', יש "נפש השנית בישראל (ש)היא חלק אלוקה ממעל ממש" בשלימות. וזהו הקשר בין הפס"ד של הרמ"א בסיום שו"ע או"ח "טוב לב משתה תמיד" למ"ש בהתחלת השו"ע "שויתי ה' לנגדי תמיד", דלכאו' איך תובעים ב' ענינים אלו יחד – הרי ""אין צדיק בארץ אשר יעשה טוב ולא יחטא"?! – כי מצד ה"חלק אלוקה ממעל ממש" שיש לו ברור שסוכ"ס "בל ידח ממנו נדח" ויעשה תשובה כדבעי, עד ש"זדונות נעשו לו כזכיות", ויהי' לו "טוב לב משתה תמיד". ענין השמחה נותן כח להתגבר על חושך הגלות שמבחוץ וחושך של גלות הפנימי – שנדמה שישנם ענינים בעולם המונעים קיום תומ"צ, אע"פ שבאמת אי"ז אלא נסיון בלבד. משיחת מוצש"ק פ' וישלח, י"ט כסלו ה'תשל"ז ל"הנחה פרטית" או התרגום ללה"ק של השיחה: https://thedailysicha.com/?date=19-03-2025 Synopsis Although Torah and mitzvos must be done with joy and pleasure (“joy and gladness of heart”), the primary requirement is joy, which is specifically expressed outwardly. The basis for true joy is the fact that every Jew, whoever he may be, possesses the “second soul in a Jew, which is actually a part of Hashem from above.” This is the connection between the Rema's ruling at the end of Orach Chaim, “One who has a cheerful heart who always has a feast,” and what it says at the beginning of Shulchan Aruch, “I have placed Hashem before me always.” Seemingly, how can both of these be expected simultaneously, considering that “There is no righteous person on earth who does good and never sins”?! The answer is that because a Jew possesses the “actual part of Hashem from above,” it is certain that ultimately “he that is banished will not be cast from Him,” and he will do teshuvah properly, such that “his willful sins will be transformed into merits for him”; therefore he “has a cheerful heart” and is “always feasting.” Joy provides the strength to overcome the darkness of the exile as well as the darkness of the inner exile, which is the illusion that the world can present an obstacle to Torah and mitzvos, while in truth it is only a test.Excerpt from sichah of Motzaei Shabbos Parashas Vayishlach, 19 Kislev 5737 For a transcript in English of the Sicha: https://thedailysicha.com/?date=19-03-2025

In this episode, we continue exploring the halachos of commerce and financial matters on Shabbos, focusing on hiring teachers, pledging tzedakah, and auctioning mitzvos. We also delve into the complexities of transactions initiated before Shabbos, the permissibility of measuring for mitzvah purposes, and the nuances of healing on Shabbos. Join us for an insightful discussion on these fascinating topics from the Shulchan Aruch and Mishnah Berurah.

התוכן בהמשך למדובר לאחרונה על מ"ש הרמ"א להלכה בסיום השו"ע ש"טוב לב משתה תמיד" – התערב ה"קלוגינקער" וכו', ולכן יש צורך להבהיר עוה"פ אודות האיסור דשתיית משקה לפני גיל ארבעים, והתנאים שבזה וכו'. יש לזכור שהרמ"א כותב הנ"ל לא במקום שמדובר על ענינים תמידיים שבכל יום אלא בסוף הל' פורים. ובפשטות: רוב ציווי השו"ע קשורים עם הגבלה בזמן ומקום. לדוגמא, הציווי "לבסומי" הוא בפורים דוקא. הציווי לאכילת מצה – בליל א' דפסח דוקא ולא לאחרי הפסח (למרות שבאכילת מצה בפסח הוא "אוכל אמונה"!), ואם ירצה לברך על מצה לאחרי הפסח ה"ז בגדר "בוצע ברך וגו'" ר"ל! ובנוגע לעניננו: ההנהגה ד"טוב לב משתה תמיד" כפשוטו – שייכת למעמד ומצב מיוחד של שמחה כמו בפורים, ואילו בשאר הזמנים ה"ז באופן שמובא בפרש"י על פסוק זה "(כל ימי עני רעים) וטוב לב משתה תמיד" "ורבותינו דרשו מה שדרשו בחלק [במס' סנהדרין]" ושם דקאי על "בעלי משנה" או "בעלי תלמוד"!ד' חלקים משיחת אור ליום ג' פ' ויחי, י"ב טבת – המשך "דידן נצח" ה'תשמ"ז ל"הנחה פרטית" או התרגום ללה"ק של השיחה: https://thedailysicha.com/?date=18-03-2025 Synopsis In connection to what has been discussed lately regarding the Rema's statement at the end of the Shulchan Aruch – that “he who has a cheerful heart always has a feast” – because the “smart aleck” (yetzer hara) has gotten involved etc., it's necessary to once again bring up the prohibition of drinking mashke before the age of forty, and the conditions placed upon it etc. It's important to remember that the Rema writes this not in the context of daily practice, but at the end of the laws of Purim. Most of the Shulchan Aruch's requirements are tied to a specific time and place. For example, the obligation to “become intoxicated” applies specifically on Purim, and the mitzvah of eating matzah applies specifically on the first night of Pesach, not after Pesach (even though eating matzah during Pesach is considered “eating faith”); if one wishes to make a bracha on matzah after Pesach, it would fall under the category of “the robber who blesses…” Rachmana litzlan. In this case: the practice of “he who has a cheerful heart always has a feast” in the literal sense applies specifically to joyous occasions like Purim. But the rest of the time, it's like Rashi says on this verse “(All the days of a poor man are bad) but he who has a cheerful heart always has a feast” – “Our Rabbis expounded what they expounded in Chelek (in Sanhedrin) – where it says that this refers to “masters of Mishnah” or “masters of Talmud.”4 excerpts from sichah of 12 Monday night, Parashas Vayechi, 12 Teves 5747 – following the victory of “Didan Notzach” on 5 Teves For a transcript in English of the Sicha: https://thedailysicha.com/?date=18-03-2025

On "Shabbat Zachor," the Shabbat before Purim, we take two Torah scrolls from the Heichal. After reading the regular Torah portion from the first Torah, we open the second scroll and read for the Maftir reading the final verses of Parashat Ki-Teitzei (Devarim 25:17-19) which command us to recount Amalek's attack on Benei Yisrael. According to many Halachic authorities, including the Shulchan Aruch, the annual reading of these verses constitutes a Torah obligation. The Zachor reading differs in this regard from the standard Torah reading, in that it is a Torah obligation. In light of the unique status of the Zachor reading, is it proper for the congregation to read along with the Ba'al Koreh (reader) from their Chumashim as he reads Zachor? Although some Rabbis indeed encouraged reading Zachor along with the Ba'al Koreh, Chacham Ovadia Yosef, in his work Chazon Ovadia (Laws of Purim, p. 4), rules that to the contrary, this practice is inappropriate. Firstly, he notes that the Torah introduces the obligation to recall Amalek's assault with the term "Zachor" (literally, "Remember") – the same term with which the Torah introduces the obligation of Kiddush on Shabbat (Shemot 20:8). The Sages understood the word "Zachor" as a reference to verbal recitation, thus requiring that one verbally declare the sanctity of Shabbat every Shabbat, and verbally recall the incident of Amalek once a year. As we know, one can fulfill his obligation of Kiddush by listening to its recitation from somebody else. The Halachic principle of "Shomei'a Ke'oneh" establishes that by carefully listening to somebody else's recitation, one is considered to have personally recited the given text. Therefore, one is not required to personally recite Kiddush on Shabbat, and it suffices for him to listen to its recitation by another person. Similarly, the obligation to read the Zachor section can be fulfilled by listening to the reader, and there is thus no need for the congregation to read the verses of Zachor along with the Ba'al Koreh, as they satisfy their obligation by carefully listening to his reading. Furthermore, Chacham Ovadia adds, the Zachor obligation requires reading this section from a proper Torah scroll. Therefore, the congregation can fulfill their obligation only by listening to the Ba'al Koreh's reading, whereby they are considered to have themselves read the Zachor section from a Torah scroll. If they read from their Chumashim, then they do not fulfill their obligation. It is therefore appropriate for the congregation to remain perfectly silent during the Zachor reading and carefully listen to each word read by the Ba'al Koreh. There is some discussion among the Halachic authorities as to whether or not women are included in the obligation to hear the Zachor reading, and therefore many women indeed make a point to come to the synagogue on Shabbat Zachor to hear this reading. Many communities conduct a special Zachor reading on the afternoon of Shabbat Zachor for women who are unable to attend synagogue services in the morning. Some Rabbis discouraged this practice, arguing that it is inappropriate to take the Torah scroll from the Heichal for this reading, since no Beracha is recited over this reading and it is unclear whether or not it is in fact required. Chacham Ovadia Yosef, however (In Chazon Ovadia – Laws of Purim, p. 10), encourages this practice, claiming that reading the Zachor section for women is indeed a worthy enough purpose to warrant removing the Torah from the Heichal. He draws proof to his position from the practice of Rabbi Moshe Greenwald (early 20th-century author of the "Arugat Ha'bosem") to remove the Torah from the Heichal each morning during the first twelve days of Nissan and read from the section of the "Nesi'im" in the Book of Bamidbar (7:1-8:4). Even though reading from the "Nesi'im" section during this period is not required by Halacha, and is merely a Minhag (custom), this practice is deemed worthwhile enough to allow removing the Torah from the Heichal. Certainly, then, it is proper to conduct a special Zachor reading for women in deference to the view among the authorities that the Zachor obligation applies to both men and women. Why is no Beracha recited over the Mitzva of reading Zachor? Many Mitzvot that we perform require the recitation of a Beracha. Seemingly, then, before the Zachor reading we should recite the Beracha "Asher Kideshanu Be'mitzvotav Ve'tzivanu Li'zkor Ma'aseh Amalek." Why did the Rabbis not require the recitation of a Beracha before the performance of this Mitzva? Chacham Ovadia (Chazon Ovadia – Laws of Purim, p. 11) cites those who answer this question on the basis of the Gemara's comment in Masechet Megila (10b) that the Almighty does not rejoice in the destruction of the wicked. Although the wicked people in the world must be eliminated, their death should not be a cause of joy and celebration. Thus, for example, when the ministering angels wished to sing a song of praise upon the drowning of the Egyptians in the sea, God exclaimed, "My creatures are drowning at sea – and you wish to sing a song of praise?!" Therefore, even though we must conduct a special reading to recall the obligation to destroy Amalek, the Sages chose not to require the recitation of a Beracha, which would express a feeling of joy and excitement over the destruction of the wicked. Summary: On the Shabbat before Purim we read for the Maftir reading the section of "Zachor" from a separate Torah scroll. The congregation should remain silent during the reading, rather than read along with the Ba'al Koreh (reader). Some authorities require women to hear this reading, as well. Many communities therefore conduct a special Zachor reading during the afternoon of Shabbat Zachor for women who cannot attend the morning services, and this is a proper practice.

If a person keeps a charity box in his home and occasionally places money in the box on behalf of a charitable institution, may he borrow money that had been placed in the box and then return it later? It occasionally happens that a deliveryman comes and a person needs small change for a tip. Is it permissible to take some money from the Sedaka box and then repay the money at a later point? Some authorities allow taking money from the Sedaka box if one immediately writes a check for that amount to the institution on whose behalf he keeps the box in his home. In this way, he is not considered borrowing Sedaka, since he right away gives the same amount as he takes. Others, however, disagree, arguing that a check is not equivalent to cash, and therefore in such a case one does, indeed, take money from charity even if he writes a check right away. The Pitchei Teshuva (commentary to the Shulchan Aruch that cites rulings of later authorities), in Hilchot Sedaka (259), cites the work "Chamudei Daniel" as permitting one to borrow money from a charity box. The Chamudei Daniel explains that since this has become accepted, there is a presumed condition that the money placed in the box does not transfer ownership until it reaches the intended recipient. What more, it is common for people who borrow money from a charity box to return more than they took, and the Shulchan Aruch explicitly allows investing charity money if it will likely yield a profit on behalf of the needy recipients. Thus, by allowing people to borrow money from the charity box we increase the amount of charity distributed to the needy and to charitable institutions, and it should therefore be permissible. Nevertheless, the work "Sedaka U'mishpat" recommends that one stipulate when he begins placing money in the charity box that the money does not attain the formal status of Sedaka money until it reaches the intended recipient. In this way, there is no concern at all if one wishes to borrow money from the box and repay it in the future. Some authorities have noted, however, that if one makes such a stipulation then he does not fulfill the Misva of Sedaka immediately when placing the money in the box; since the money becomes Sedaka money only upon reaching the intended recipient, one fulfills the Misva only at that point. Some authorities claim that one can overcome this problem by stipulating that the money indeed becomes Sedaka money when it is placed in the box, but that it does not enter the ownership of the recipient until the money actually reaches him. In any event, according to strict Halacha, it is permissible to borrow money from a Sedaka box even if one had not made such a stipulation. It should be noted that according to all views, one may exchange bills and larger coins for small coins in a Tzedaka box. Since one gives the precise equivalent of what he takes, this is entirely permissible according to all opinions. Therefore, one may, for example, place a dollar bill in a Tzedaka box and take four quarters. Summary: One may borrow money that had been placed in a charity box and then repay the money at a later point. Some authorities advise making a stipulation when one first begins placing money in a Tzedaka box that the money becomes Tzedaka money only when it reaches the intended recipient. According to all authorities, one who needs small change may exchange bills and large coins for the equivalent in small coins taken from a Tzedaka box.

It is customary in all synagogues that a "Gabbai," or "Mesader," stands near the Torah during the Torah reading together with the Ba'al Keri'a (reader) and the Oleh (person called to the Torah), and is responsible for calling congregants to recite the Berachot over the Torah. The Mishna Berura (commentary to the Shulchan Aruch by Rabbi Yisrael Kagan, the "Chafetz Chayim," Lithuania, 1839-1933) cites two possible reasons for this practice (141, s"k 16). Firstly, our reading of the Torah corresponds to Matan Torah, the giving of the Torah at Mount Sinai, and should therefore resemble that momentous event. The Mesader who calls people to the Torah corresponds to the Almighty, as it were, who summoned Benei Yisrael to the mountain to receive the Torah. The Ba'al Keri'a reads the Torah for the Oleh just as Moshe Rabbenu taught the Torah to Benei Yisrael. Thus, the three men who stand by the Torah scroll during the reading serve to commemorate our initial receiving of the Torah at Mount Sinai. The Mishna Berura then cites a second explanation from Masechet Sofrim, namely, that the three men at the Torah correspond to our nation's three patriarchs – Avraham, Yitzchak and Yaakov. In this context, the Mishna Berura cites a passage from the Sha'arei Efrayim (a compendium of the laws of Torah reading by Rabbi Efrayim Zalman Margaluyot, Russia, 1760-1828) regarding controversies and misunderstandings that occasionally arise in the synagogue with respect to the distribution of Aliyot. At times a person is called to the Torah and feels insulted for having been chosen for the given Aliya, rather than for a more distinguished honor. It is all too easy in such cases for the individual to accuse the Mesader of deliberately attempting to insult him. In order to avoid such situations, the Mishna Berura advises, congregations should choose as a Mesader a well-respected and well-liked individual who has achieved a reputation of integrity. Such a person is not likely to be suspected of distributing the Aliyot on the basis of personal vendettas and agendas. The Mishna Berura adds that if it so happens that the Mesader does insult a congregant, the congregation should judge him favorably and assume that this was done inadvertently, and not maliciously. And the Mesader, for his part, must ignore any insults or scorn directed to him by the congregation. The Mishna Berura rules that if in response to a congregant's insults the Mesader leaves the Torah scroll and returns to his seat, he should be punished for dishonoring the Torah scroll. The fact that he was humiliated does not authorize him to infringe upon the honor of the Torah scroll. Summary: The Mesader, who calls people for Aliyot to the Torah during the Torah reading, should be a well-liked person known for his integrity, and must ignore any insulting comments made by disgruntled congregants. And if it appears that he infringed on somebody's honor by calling him for the wrong Aliya and the like, the congregation should assume that he made an honest mistake, and did not intentionally insult the given congregant. Furthermore, 3 people should stand at the Teba during the reading.

The Shulchan Aruch (141:6) rules that although it is permissible according to the strict Halacha to call two brothers or a father and son for successive Aliyot to the Torah, this is not done due to the concern of Ayin Ha'ra (the evil eye). Chacham David Yosef (son of Chacham Ovadia Yosef), in his work Halacha Berura (vol. 7, p. 212), adds that this applies as well to a grandfather and grandson; they should not be called for successive Aliyot due to the risk of Ayin Ha'ra. A Halachic principle establishes that "Benei Banim Harei Heim Ke'banim" – one's relationship to his grandchildren is the same for purposes of Halacha as one's relationship to his children. Thus, just as a father and son should not be called to the Torah for successive Aliyot, so should successive Aliyot not be given to a man and his grandson. Some authorities, however, as Chacham David notes, are lenient in this regard, and allow calling a grandfather and grandson for successive Aliyot. He writes that where it is necessary, such as when a family is celebrating an occasion and many family members are receiving Aliyot, they may rely on the lenient position. Our practice, however, follows the stringent view, which forbids calling a grandfather and grandson for successive Aliyot. This is particularly so in cases of a grandfather and grandson who share the same name; in such a case, according to all opinions they may not be called to the Torah for successive Aliyot. On the following page (p. 213), Chacham David writes that two brothers, a father and son, and a grandfather and grandson may be called for successive Aliyot that are read from two different Torah scrolls. On Yom Tov, for example, a second Torah scroll is opened for the Maftir reading, and it would thus be permissible to call two relatives for the final Aliya read in the first Torah and Maftir. Even though these are two successive Aliyot, nevertheless, the opening of a new Torah scroll for the Maftir reading constitutes a significant enough interruption to allow calling for Maftir a relative of the person called for the previous Aliya. This applies as well in situations where a second Torah is used for the Maftir reading on Shabbat, such as on Shabbat Zachor or Shabbat Rosh Chodesh. Another example of this situation is Simchat Torah, when we open a second Torah for the reading of Chatan Bereishit. A synagogue may call for Chatan Torah and Chatan Bereishit a father and son, two brothers, or a grandfather and grandson, despite the fact that these are successive Aliyot. Once again, the opening of a second Torah marks an interruption that allows calling a relative for the subsequent Aliya. Likewise, on Chol Ha'mo'ed Pesach, the first three Aliyot are read from one Torah, and the fourth from a second Torah. It would thus be permissible to call two relatives for the third and fourth Aliyot, since these Aliyot are read from separate Torah scrolls. Finally, Chacham David rules that a father-in-law and son-in-law may be called for successive Aliyot in situations where this is necessary, such as if a family is celebrating an occasion in the synagogue and many family members are called for Aliyot. The same Halacha we learn here applies to two Kohanim as well, who can be regarding similar to the relationship of grandfather, son, grandson. For more details, see the Halacha entitled "Simhat Torah- Is It Permissible For 2 Kohanim or 2 Leviim To Have A Back To Back Aliyah at the Torah." Summary: A congregation should not call for successive Aliyot to the Torah a father and son, two brothers, or a grandfather and grandson, except for successive Aliyot that are read from two different Torah scrolls. A father-in-law and son-in-law may be called for successive Aliyot – even from the same Torah scroll – in situations where this is necessary.

Rabbi Meir Simcha Sperling shares inspiration on simcha and explains how much Hashem loves and cares about every single person. * SPONSORS OF THE EPISODE* Ohr Olam ~ An Incredible English-Hebrew Mishnah Berurah that's changing the world! Ohr Olam provides an incredible elucidation of the Shulchan Aruch and the Mishna Berurah. To obtain a copy visit your local Jewish bookstore. Visit their website ⁠⁠⁠www.ohr-olam.org⁠⁠⁠ or call ⁠⁠516-666-7646⁠⁠ * Inspiration for the Family* ~ Receive brief inspiration and a beautiful Dvar Torah to share at your Shabbos table email ⁠⁠⁠parshaknowledge@gmail.com⁠⁠⁠ or visit ⁠⁠⁠parshaknowledge.com⁠⁠⁠. Subscribe to our podcast! Watch: ⁠⁠https://www.youtube.com/@Jewishnjoyful⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3Tyl3avgGLiK4f6wFR7Goh?si=ETYEEAaaRKqmqehwJykxJg Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/jewish-n-joyful/id1586344571 Or wherever podcasts are found! Visit our website parshaknowledge.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ To donate or join our exclusive group WhatsApp 646-397-2320

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Where precisely on the arm should one position his Tefillin Shel Yad? Halacha requires that the entire box of the Tefillin Shel Yad be located on the muscle, the part of the arm between the elbow and shoulder that protrudes upwards when one bends his arm. If any part of the Tefillin Shel Yad extends off the muscle in either direction – be it downwards towards the elbow and upwards towards the shoulder – one does not fulfill the obligation of Tefillin. Those with particularly large Tefillin must see to it that no part of the box extends off the muscle in either direction. Where exactly on the muscle should the Tefillin Shel Yad be placed? The Gaon of Vilna (Rabbi Eliyahu of Vilna, Lithuania, 1720-1798) was of the opinion that no distinction exists between the various areas on the muscle; there is no preference as to where precisely on the muscle one should position his Tefillin. However, the Shulchan Aruch and Mishna Berura maintain that optimally the Tefillin should be placed on the lower half of the muscle, the part closer to the elbow. It should go without saying that if by positioning the Tefillin on the lower half of the muscle one runs the risk of the Tefillin extending off the muscle, even slightly, he should place the Tefillin on the middle of the muscle to prevent this from occurring. When possible, however, one should endeavor to position the Tefillin specifically on the lower half of the muscle. Preferably, one should turn the Tefillin slightly inward, towards the heart, such that when he relaxes his arms and lets them fall to the sides of his body, the Tefillin touches the area near the heart. It must be emphasized that the Tefillin should be turned inward only slightly; if the box touches the heart area even when one's arm is bent, then the Tefillin is turned too far inward, and is thus out of proper position. In conclusion, then, the Tefillin Shel Yad should be position on the arm muscle, preferably on the lower half, closer to the elbow, but no part of the Tefillin may extend even slightly below or above the elbow. The box should be tilted inward towards the body, such that it touches the heart when one's arms are straight. It should be noted that Tefillin constitutes one of the most important Mitzvot Asei ("positive" commandments) in the Torah. One who does not know how to wear the Tefillin properly can go an entire lifetime without ever fulfilling this special Mitzva, even if he wears it each and every weekday. It is thus imperative for one to ensure to comply with these laws and see to it that his Tefillin are positioned properly.

A wealthy man told me that although his business is thriving, he understands that he did absolutely nothing to earn his wealth. He then related just one example of how Hashem orchestrated events to bless him with the wealth that he has. He had an average business here in America and was looking to open a similar business overseas. While he was on the flight to go to this other location and see the opportunities there, he made conversation with the man sitting next to him. He mentioned what line of business he was in and how he was looking to expand. The man told him he knows someone with a similar business in the exact location he was looking to open and this person was looking for someone to buy his company. He said his business was doing great, but because he lost a lot of money in other investments, he needed to sell right away. He made the connection and this man bought the business, and it has been thriving ever since. He told me he sees so clearly how Hashem practically put this opportunity right in his lap. He also mentioned that just a few years before that, he was so poor that he was evicted from his apartment for not paying the rent on time. Look how quickly Hashem can take a person from poverty to riches. We know every dollar that a person earns comes from Hashem. Shulchan Aruch writes, it's a good idea to say the parashat Hamann every day and the Mishna Berura explains, by internalizing what it says there, the person will take to heart that his hishtadlut is not what earns him his money. Just like the mann, those who gathered more didn't gain, so too, those who do too much hishtadlut don't gain from it. We constantly need chizuk in this area. Someone told me he bought a stock and after a few weeks sold it with modest gains. A week later, the stock skyrocketed over 100 points, which would have earned him a huge profit. He continues following this stock every day, watching it go higher and higher, regretting the fact that he sold it. He keeps thinking about the money he should have had and it's eating him up. How can we give this man chizuk to stop regretting his actions? I told this man, we believe be'emunah shelema , what the Gemara says, that a person's income is decided on Rosh Hashana, and he will only get exactly what Hashem said he will get. It does not matter if the money comes from a stock or from a business deal or in the form of a gift. It is all included in the number that Hashem had already decreed. If this person would have made all the money he feels he should have from that stock, it would have just meant that he would get less in other areas or have to lose in other areas. We should imagine that our parnasa is like wine in a barrel that has many spigots. If someone empties a lot of wine from one spigot, then there will just be less wine to come out of the others. The amount of wine does not change based on how often the person opens the spigots or which ones he chooses to open. So too our parnasa does not change if we earn a lot in one source. Therefore, this person should not feel bad that he sold the stock. That will not change what he'll earn this year by even one penny. Any money he is supposed to have will come one way or another. The main hishtadlut is for us to realize that the money comes from Hashem and to pray to Him to send it. If there was any way that a person could possibly get an increase on what was decreed on Rosh Hashana, it would only be through a spiritual zechut. Believing that parnasa comes only from Hashem and internalizing that in his heart is an enormous zechut. The best thing this person can do is stop regretting his decision to sell. Rather he should focus on the fact that Hashem has infinite ways of bringing parnasa and the only determinant of how much money he will make is the will of Hashem.