Podcasts about Rishonim

Gittin Shiur #95 Daf 10b- Dina D'malchusa Dina, Rishonim

There is a widely-accepted, time-honored custom to light candle in memory of a loved one, or of a Sadik, during the Shiba mourning period, and each year on the Yahrtzeit. Although this practice is not mentioned explicitly anywhere in the Talmud, it might be alluded to in two places. First, the Gemara relates that before Rebbi (Rabbi Yehuda Ha'nasi) passed away, he gave his sons a number of instructions, one of which was that there should be a candle lit by his place. Rashi explains that Rebbi's soul returned to his home every Friday night to be with his wife, ad so he asked that there would be a candle lit by his place in honor of Shabbat. But the Yabetz (Rav Yaakob Emden, Germany, 1697-1776) suggests that this might be a basis for the custom to light a candle in honor of one's deceased parent, as Rebbi's instruction could be understood to mean that he wanted his children to light a candle in his honor. Another possible source is the Gemara's discussion in Masechet Berachot (53) of the Beracha "Boreh Me'oreh Ha'esh" recited over a flame on Mosa'eh Shabbat. The Gemara states that this Beracha may be recited only over a candle that was lit for illumination purposes, as opposed to "Ner Shel Metim" – "the candle of the deceased" – which is lit in honor of the deceased, and not for illumination. This would certainly indicate that there was a practice to light candles in honor of the deceased. However, this might refer only to candles lit around the deceased before burial, as opposed to our practice to light candles during Shiba and on the Yahrtzeit. In the writings of the Rishonim, we find mention of this concept in the Kolbo (by Rav Yehonatan of Lunel, Provence, late 13th-early 14th century), in the section discussing the laws of Yom Kippur. He writes that it is customary to light candles on Ereb Yom Kippur in memory of one's deceased parents. This custom is brought by the Rama (Rav Moshe Isserles, Cracow, 1530-1572) in his glosses to the Shulhan Aruch. The Mishna Berura (Rav Yisrael Meir Kagan of Radin, 1839-1933) writes that even the deceased are, in a sense, judged on Yom Kippur, and so we light candles in their memory as a source of merit for them. What's the explanation of this practice? How does lighting a candle benefit the soul of the deceased? One explanation is that lighting a candle in itself brings no benefit to the deceased, but when candles are lit in the synagogue, this fulfills a Misva which brings merit to the deceased's soul. Generations ago, candles were needed for illumination, and so lighting candles in the synagogue was a very important Misva. Indeed, it was customary years ago for people to donate oil for the lights in the synagogue in merit of a deceased parent. More generally, lighting candles enhances the atmosphere of the synagogue, and this, too, constitutes a Misva which brings merit to the deceased. (Interestingly, one contemporary work suggested that it would be appropriate to donate towards the synagogue's electric bill as a merit for the deceased, just as years ago people would donate oil for the lights.) According to this explanation, the value of lighting candles is only when it is done for a Misva, meaning, when the candles are lit in the synagogue. However, the Ben Ish Hai (Rav Yosef Haim of Baghdad, 1833-1909), in his Torah Li'shmah, writes that the lighting itself brings comfort and joy to the soul of the deceased. He explains that a soul is like a candle, and similar entities are attracted to one another. Therefore, when a candle is lit at a place where the soul is present, the soul experiences some degree of enjoyment. However, the Ben Ish Hai emphasizes that this is relevant only in the place where the soul is present – namely, in the deceased's home during the Shiba period, or at the grave. According to the Ben Ish Hai, then, there is no purpose to light a candle in memory of the deceased in his or her home after the Shiba, or even during the Shiba if the mourning is observed somewhere other than the deceased's home. Regardless, the Poskim accorded great importance to this custom. It is mentioned in the major works on mourning (Gesher Ha'haim, Ma'abar Yabok). In fact, the Mishna Berura (261) writes that during the period of Ben Ha'shemashot after sundown on Friday afternoon, when it is permissible to ask a gentile to perform a Melacha (forbidden activity) on one's behalf when there is a great need, one may ask a gentile to light a Yahrtzeit candle. Meaning, if one forgot the light the candle before Shabbat, he may ask a non-Jew to do so during the period of Ben Ha'shemashot, because this is considered a matter of great need. Likewise, Hacham Bension Abba Shaul (Israel, 1924-1998) writes that if one has Yahrtzeit on Yom Tob and forgot to light the candle before Yom Tob, he may light it on Yom Tob (from a preexisting flame). This is considered a significant enough need to permit lighting a candle on Yom Tob. When lighting the candle, the Ben Ish Hai writes, it is proper to declare that the candle is being lit for the "Menuhat Nefesh" ("rest of the soul") or "Iluy Nefesh" ("elevation of the soul") of the deceased, mentioning the deceased's name. It is also proper to give some charity at the time the candle is lit. Some opinions say it is preferable to use oil for this candle, because the word "Shemen" ("oil") has the letters of "Neshama," whereas others say wax should be used, because the letters of the word "Sha'ava" ("wax") represent the verse, "Hakisu Ve'ranenu Shocheneh Afar" – "Awaken and rejoice, those who lie in the earth," the verse which speaks of the resurrection of the dead in the future. Summary: There is a time-honored custom to light a candle in memory of a deceased loved one during the Shiba mourning period, and on the Yahrtzeit. According to one view, the candles are lit in the synagogue as a merit for the deceased, whereas others explain that a candle lit in a place where the deceased's soul is present brings joy and comfort to the soul. Therefore, according to many opinions, the candles should be lit only in the deceased's home during Shiba, at the grave, or in the synagogue.

Join us in Jerusalem for Ohr Samayach's Inaugural Yarchei Kallah event from July 7th to 9th, 2024! Featuring HaRav Yitzchak Breitowitz shlit"a & HaRav Asher Weiss shlit"a and more Click here for more information.   Dont miss this one of a kind experience! ---------------------------------------------------- Episode dedicated by Harold and Gilla Saltzman in appreciation for the Torah  learned from Rav Breitowitz over the years. Dedication opportunities are available for episodes and series at  https://ohr.edu/donate/qa   Questions? Comments? podcasts@ohr.edu   Yeshivat Ohr Somayach located in the heart of Jerusalem, is an educational institution for young Jewish English-speaking men. We have a range of classes and programs designed for the intellectually curious and academically inclined - for those with no background in Jewish learning to those who are proficient in Gemara and other original source material. To find the perfect program for you, please visit our website https://ohr.edu/study_in_israel​ whatsapp us at https://bit.ly/OSREGISTER or call our placement specialist at 1-254-981-0133 today!   Q&A Timestamps 30 April 00:48 - Can a Jew go somewhere without sunset and sunrise such as the Arctic circle?   05:58 - The scientists say that the universe will end. Is there such an idea in Torah thought?   09:13 - Is it a Jewish concept to attach sentimental value to physical items?   12:43 - If you cross the international date line to the previous day would you daven again?   25:23 - How would you deal with someone who attacks Orthodox Judaism based on the behaviour of Jews?   28:40 - Does Judaism require that we look at the Torah as historical fact?   36:00 - What would be the status in Kashrus of something cooked entirely by a robot?   38:23 - Does putting one's finger in his ear, nose or mouth require cleaning his hands before learning?   41:13 - And what about socks?   42:12 - What does it mean when Rishonim say L'Halacha v'Lo L'Maaseh?   46:23 - How do we understand refining oneself for a self-serving purpose?   53:25 - What if someone is an atheist based on trauma?   55:23 - Is one's consciousness and his neshama the same?   56:20 - Should one be able to identify what mitzvah he is doing at each moment?   01:03:58 - Rambam says we should look at the maasim of Hashem to bring us to awe and love of Him. Does that mean we should study science?   01:08:53 - What is the best way to make use of the Omer period to prepare for Kabbolos HaTorah?   01:12:11 - Why do we discuss the difference between Magen Avraham and Gra for Sof Zman Krias Shema but not by Sof Zman Tefillah? Subscribe to the Rabbi Breitowitz Q&A Podcast at https://plnk.to/rbq&a   Submit questions for the Q&A with Rabbi Breitowitz https://forms.gle/VCZSK3wQJJ4fSd3Q7   Subscribe to our YouTube Channel at https://www.youtube.com/c/OhrSomayach/videos     You can listen to this and many other Ohr Somayach programs by downloading our app, on Apple and Google Play, ohr.edu and all major podcast platforms. Visit us @ https://ohr.edu  PRODUCED BY: CEDAR MEDIA STUDIOS  

Have any questions, insights, or feedback? Send me a text!Length: 1 hour 7 minutesSynopsis: This past Friday morning (5/2/25), in our tefilah-focused Machshavah Lab series for women, we began with a 12-minute mega-review of the main ideas for each phrase in the first berachah up until v'Koneh ha'Kol. We then analyzed that phrase and emerged with three interpretations based on three Rishonim (along with a half-baked idea from the Rambam). Next time (בג"ה), we'll move on to v'zocher chasdei Avos etc.!-----מקורות:עץ יוסףספורנו - בראשית יד:יטאברבנאל - בראשית יד:יז-כרמב"ם - מורה הנבוכים ב:ל-----The total cost of producing my five podcasts in 2024 came to $1,455—an expense I would have otherwise had to cover myself. I'm deeply grateful to the generous sponsors who helped shoulder that cost and supported my efforts to make Torah ideas available and accessible to everyone.-----If you've gained from what you've learned here, please consider contributing to my Patreon at www.patreon.com/rabbischneeweiss. Alternatively, if you would like to make a direct contribution to the "Rabbi Schneeweiss Torah Content Fund," my Venmo is @Matt-Schneeweiss, and my Zelle and PayPal are mattschneeweiss at gmail. Even a small contribution goes a long way to covering the costs of my podcasts, and will provide me with the financial freedom to produce even more Torah content for you.If you would like to sponsor a day's or a week's worth of content, or if you are interested in enlisting my services as a teacher or tutor, you can reach me at rabbischneeweiss at gmail. Thank you to my listeners for listening, thank you to my readers for reading, and thank you to my supporters for supporting my efforts to make Torah ideas available and accessible to everyone.-----Substack: rabbischneeweiss.substack.com/Patreon: patreon.com/rabbischneeweissYouTube Channel: youtube.com/rabbischneeweissInstagram: instagram.com/rabbischneeweiss/"The Stoic Jew" Podcast: thestoicjew.buzzsprout.com"Machshavah Lab" Podcast: machshavahlab.buzzsprout.com"The Mishlei Podcast": mishlei.buzzsprout.com"Rambam Bekius" Podcast: rambambekius.buzzsprout.com"The Tefilah Podcast": tefilah.buzzsprout.comOld Blog: kolhaseridim.blogspot.com/WhatsApp Content Hub (where I post all my content and announce my public classes): https://chat.whatsapp.com/GEB1EPIAarsELfHWuI2k0HAmazon Wishlist: amazon.com/hz/wishlist/ls/Y72CSP86S24W?ref_=wl_sharel

Gittin Shiur #87 Daf 10a- Lishmoh for Matzah, Shitos Rishonim

Welcome to Daily Bitachon . We are now up to the section of the Hagadah which talks about the story in short, with four Pesukim excerpted from Devarim 26 ,5 and on , in the context of Bikkurim which is relevant for us now, as Shavuot is the time that we bring Bikkurim . As we march from Pesach to Shavuot, we are in a time of Hakarat HaTov and appreciation. The outcome of Yetziat Mitzrayim is supposed to be Hakarat HaTov , gratitude and appreciation for God. That is why these four Pesukim , which we base our Hagadah on, were said with the baskets of fruit in hand overflowing, thanking God. The first pasuk they said was: אֲרַמִּי֙ אֹבֵ֣ד אָבִ֔י וַיֵּ֣רֶד מִצְרַ֔יְמָה Arami oved avi vayered Mitzraima . ( A man called) Lavan HaArami tried to destroy ( or destroyed) my father… Rashi says that God considered what Lavan wanted to do as if he did it. But before we proceed with the rest of the pesukim , we have to stop and ask: Why are we mentioning Lavan here? And what does this have to do with the basket of fruit? If you want to tell me we went to Mitzrayim and now we got the land, I got it. Vayevienu el hamakom hazeh , it says and He brought us to this place after the four Pesukim , we're saying God brought us here . But that was 250 years after we entered the land and way after the story of Lavan and Yaakov. The answer is, as Yaakov and Lavan were going through this story, it was not very clear what was going on. It started with Lavan swindling Yaakov , and making him work twice as long as he needed, not seven but 14 years. But if not for that swindling, he would have just walked out with Rachel. No Leah, no Bilhah or Zilpah. Who knows how many children would not have been born? Rachel gave him only two children. With the four wives he ended up with 12. Additionally, Yaakov Avinu also walked in as a man with no money, but he walked out a very wealthy man. And let's go into the story of Egypt: We grew even more due to the oppression. We left with tremendous wealth, became purified and refined, and were ready to receive the Torah . But, it only became clear after the story was over. You can't understand a book if you only read the middle chapter. One of my favorite mashals told by the Chafetz Chaim is that of a man who visited a town for the weekend. He was a Gabbai (or Misader) in his hometown shul, and gave out the Aliyot and the other honors in the shul , like who gets to open the Heichal, who gets the first Aliyah , who gets Shlishi or Shishi (which is important depending on what your customs are.) who gets Maftir and so on. So there he was in the new shul, looking around, imagining that he was back home, deciding whom he would give each Aliyah to. 'Oh, that guy looks important, I'd give him this. That guy I think looks I'd give him that….' But in the end, nothing went the way he thought it should go. A fellow that looked like he couldn't read even got the Maftir ! He couldn't understand what was going on. He approached the man in charge and asked, " Could you please explain what's going on here? I run the shul back in my hometown, and I wouldn't have done it this way." The man in charge responded, " How long have you been here?" The guest answered, " I'm here for the weekend." The gabbai then said, " Well, if you've only been here for the weekend, you can't really question what I'm doing. You weren't here last week; you don't know what's going to happen next week. The fellow that got Maftir, who looked like he couldn't read, has his father's Yahrzeit this week. The fellow that you think should have gotten an Aliyah got one last week, and the other one is getting it next week. You can't comment when you're only here for a weekend!" So too, says the Chafetz Chaim , in life, we're only here for a short period of time. We don't see the whole story, and therefore we can't question. God wanted to teach us an important, short history lesson. He knew we were going to enter into future exiles. He wanted us to read this lesson and apply it to life in general. That's why the real message of the night of the Seder is Matchil bignut umesayem beshevach . Start with the negative and end with the positive. Rabbenu Manoac h , one of the Rishonim , in his commentary on the Rambam on the laws of Chametz U'Matzah , chapter seven, Halacha 6 , says something fascinating: With this remembering, Tihiyeh yirat Hashem al panav tamid / The fear of God will be on his face continuousl y, When he sees Hashem's supervision, And you'll never forget about Hashem . With this story of Yetziat Mitzrayim, you will see Hashem is watching you. You'll be on His mind and He'll be on your mind. And even if its times are very difficult, Yiftach b'Hashem, he'll still rely on God, Mikveh Yisrael, the One the Jewish people hope to, Moshio b'eit tzara, the One that saves us in time of difficulty . And just like the difficulty of the exile of Mitzrayim, Hayta sibah l'heitiv lahem b'achritam/Was a cause to end up doing better for them in the end, Ken kol tzarot hagalut hazeh / So too with all of these difficulties in our exile, hem sibah l'Yisrael / They will be a cause for the Jewish people, l'hoshi'am t'shuat olamim, an everlasting saving- Which is the rule we call Ma'aseh Avot Siman L'banim . The actions of the father are a sign for the future. That's our opening lesson for Maggid, the story of the Hagadah shel Pesach . And as we said, it's not just for the night of Pesach , it's every day of our lives. We have to remember Yetziat Mitzrayim . This is one of the underlying messages of Yetziat Mitzrayim , says Rabbeinu Manoach , is that it ain't over 'til it's over.

Welcome to our daily Bitachon series. We're talking about living Yetziat Mitzrayim every day of our lives. As we say in Haggadah shel Pesach , Kol Yemei chayecha / All the days of your life. There was a great Ba'al Musar named Rav Yechezkel Levenstein. He was the Mashgiach of the Mirrer Yeshiva in Europe, and later of the Mirrer Yeshiva in America, and finally of the Ponevezh Yeshiva in Eretz Yisrael . He was one of the greatest Baalei Emunah of his generation, one of the greatest believers of his generation. And he based it all on constantly strengthening his belief in Yetziat Mitzrayim and living with it in a very, very real way every single day. So much so, that at his funeral, Rav Wolbe eulogized him saying, " We just lost the last person to leave Egypt." That sounds strange. We left Egypt in the year 2448. Rav Levenstein passed away in the year 5734. That's thousands of years. He wasn't a thousand years old! What Rav Wolbe meant to say is, in every generation you have to feel like you left. And Rav Levenstein was from the last of the people that really felt that way. He lived like he himself left. So at least during this time of the year, as we just marched out of Egypt and we're on our way to Har Sinai , we should still be in that state of mind. An example of this mindset is revealed in a story told about Chacham Avraham Ades, the grandfather of Chacham Yehuda Ades Shlita , Rosh Yeshiva of Kol Yaakov. He lived in Aleppo in the days when you didn't get a taxi ride, you got a donkey or camel ride through the desert. Rav Avraham was once waiting for a donkey to hire. He ended up hiring a Jewish donkey rider. But certain mafia- like Muslim donkey riders felt they owned that turf and were upset that a Jewish donkey rider was giving the rabbi a ride rather than one of them, not unlike today in different industries where people control the industry. One of these Muslim ruffians threatened the Rabbi, saying, " Wait until you get to the desert where no one's looking. Then you'll see what I'll do to you! " And what was Rabbi Ades's response Although this didn't necessarily happen during Pesach season, he replied, " God that took our forefathers through Egypt will protect me and watch over me. His outstretched hand is larger than your hand." He was full of courage and did not feel at all threatened. Sure enough, in the middle of the desert, when the Muslim driver bent down to pick something up, his donkey kicked him in the side and broke his ribs. He cried the rest of the way home, begging the rabbi for forgiveness. The lesson of the story is Rabbi Ades's immediate answer… God that took me out of Egypt. That was his feeling. Ke'ilu hu yatza / Like you got out. It's an event that happened to me . That's what's supposed to be on our minds. Who is Hashem? Hashem that took me out of Egypt. The biggest proof to this understanding is how Hashem introduced Himself to us the first time He spoke to us as a nation: " Anochi Hashem Elokecha Asher Hotzeticha Me'eretz Mitzrayim / I am Hashem your God that took you out of Egypt ." All the Rishonim ask, Why doesn't it say, "I am Hashem that created the world? Isn't that a seemingly greater feat?" We see from here that, no, creation is not enough to give us the Emunah and the understanding of Hashem. We have to have Yetziat Mitzrayim lenses on. We have to have the lens of getting out of Egypt. According to Rambam's list, Mitzvah number one, is to believe in the existence of God as is stated, Anochi Hashem Elokecha asher hotzeticha me'eretz Mitzraim / I am Hashem your God that took you out of Egypt . The more that I understand Hashem that took me out of Egypt, the more faith I have in Hashem, in His ability, in His power, in His control, in His supervision. That all came from Yetziat Mitzrayim . We have to live with that every single day of our lives. As the Rosh says in the Sefer Orchot Chaim , If you don't believe in, Asher Hotzeticha Me'eretz Mitzrayim, if you don't believe in the concept that God took us out of Egypt, with all those lessons, you don't believe in God. Because without that piece, it's not the God of the Jewish people. The Muslims believe in God, the Christians believe in God. But belief in the God of the Jews , is predicated on understanding Yetziat Mitzrayim . And as we've mentioned before, the Rabbis set it up in our daily prayers. Every Shahachrit prayer is full of Yetziat Mitzrayim . Keriat Yam Suf , Ga'al Yisrael . And as Rashi in Berachot quotes from the Yerushalmi , the way we prepare to pray every day is by bringing God down, by knocking on the door through talking about Yetziat Mitzrayim . I can't pray to God without wearing the lens of Yetziat Mitzrayim. Because Who am I asking? Who is this God? What can He do? How has He proven Himself? The credentials of God are Yetziat Mitzrayim . We read His diploma, so to say, every single day, before we ask Him. It's like when you walk into the doctor's office, and want to check out the diplomas on his wall before you ask him his opinion on a condition. That's what we do every single day. We read the diploma of Yetziat Mitzrayim, to have the proper lens and understanding of our Creator.

Pesach | Birkat HaShir (1), by Rav Yitzchak Etshalom Why do we almost finish the Berakhah after Hallel at the Seder - then abruptly switch to Hallel haGadol and Nishmat? Our common practice is to read the Hallel over the fourth cup of wine, after which we nearly finish the blessing customarily recited after Hallel - but without a "signature" (חתימה). We then recite Psalm 136 and נשמת כל חי which we read to its conclusion - "מלך א-ל חי העולמים". This odd mix of a double-conclusion to Hallel is the result of several confusing sugyot. We assess the sources, including the key rulings of the Geonim and Rishonim and follow them through to today's common practice.

5 approaches in the Rishonim regarding the general leniency of Rabba bar Rav Huna (Bava Basra 39a), and Chofetz Chaim's takeaway

Welcome to our daily bitachon class. As our community is reeling from the tragedies that occurred on Shabbat , I'd like to leave our Haggadah discussion for the day. There's a story that's told over that a skit or a play about a certain tragic event during the times of the Holocaust was shown, and people were extremely moved. They all cried and were very jarred from the play. Somebody asked the Brisker Rav , why it was that when people heard about the Holocaust, and how six million Jews died, they were not bawling and crying, but they were bawling and crying from this small skit of what happened. Rav Brisker answered that if you have a very large piano that you're trying to get it into the house, as much you turn and twist, the piano won't get in. But if you have something smaller, you can get it in. This is similar to our brains, which are made in such a way that it has a certain capacity to hold things, and certain things, it just can't hold. Something of with the magnitude of the Holocaust can't be held, but when a smaller snip of a larger tragedy comes by a person, they're able to hold it and process it and that causes the emotions to flow. And when a tragedy of the magnitude where a mother and two children are killed in such a sudden way, the term is used Alah Mavet beChaloneinu/Death has come through our window. The Rabbanim explain that when someone comes into a house, they usually knock on the door. That's the regular way of doing things. Coming through the window means you snuck in. So Alah mavet bechaloneinu/Death came through the window means there was no warning. There was no sickness. Someone was taking a walk on a Shabbat afternoon with their family, and this came out nowhere, and something like that is just too big to process. It's too big to figure out, especially in the early stages, when people are looking for answers. But there really is no answer. It's really just a time for emotion and crying. The Mishnah in Pirkei Avot , Perek 4 , Mishnah 18 tells us Rav Shimon ben Elazar says וְאַל תְּנַחֲמֶ נּוּ בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁמֵּתוֹ מֻטָּל לְפָנָיו / Al tenachamenu B'shaah shemeto mutal lefanav / Do not comfort someone when the dead is still lying there. Rabbenu Yonah explains that because at this point in time, trying to comfort the person is just going to cause anger, and cause the person to say things he doesn't want to say. The Sefer Midrash Shemuel says more than that, B'vadai yimna milhitnachem . He will for sure refuse to be comforted, to accept the will of God. If anything, the person might say improper statements. Nechama means comfort . But as we've said in the past, nechama also means to have a different look at things . Rashi says vayeinachem means God looked at it differently. Nachum Ish Gamzu , said Gamzu l'tova , and the root of his name is Nachum , which we call a reframe , But there are times when there's no place for a reframe. It's too raw and too big for a reframe, and at those times, there is nothing to be said. That's why, quite often Rabbis are put in the position to answer the question, What's going on here ? In other words, Rabbi , reframe this for me. And the answer is, Right now is not a time for that. It's not a time for looking for answers. It's a time to cry. It's a time to stay with this shock and the emotion of what happened and process it and see if it can somehow get inside of you. A lot of times when we're looking for those answers, we're trying to get rid of that uncomfortable feeling of sadness, of confusion, because it's too hard to deal with. So answer it for me. But it's not the time. The sefer Mili DeAvot on that same Mishnah in Pirkei Avot brings a proof from Hashem. He quoted the Yalkut Shimoni in Yeshayah , where it says in Yeshayah 22:12, Hashem calls out to the angels to cry, to bemoan that the Bet HaMikdash was destroyed. And it says Bikshu malachim l'nachamo , the angels wanted to comfort God, V'lo ratza lehitnachem / And God did not want to be comforted. And it goes on to say, Al ta'itzu l'nachameni / Do not try, don't push yourselves not to give Me comfort . It's not the time. That's my little thought for today. I don't feel it's the right time for people to start looking for answers or reframes or comfort. It's too early. It's too raw. It's a time to sit with that emotion of sadness. And although it may sound like it, I'm not coming from a therapeutic approach. This is a Mishnah in Pirkei Avot based on Rishonim . Now, if it sounds like it rings from the world of therapy, that's because Torah was here before therapy, and there's a time for mourning and there's a time for crying. And as uncomfortable it may be to sit with these emotions of sadness and questions, and whatever it may be, that's really what one is supposed to be doing right now. We don't like to cry, but it's a time to cry.

And why many Rishonim and Achronim did calculate it.Source Sheet: https://res.cloudinary.com/ouinternal/image/upload/outorah%20pdf/z1djmuvninjfrqykawvk.pdf

Welcome to our class on Bitachon . Today we continue our Haggadah series and we are up to Ma Nishtana . The Sefer Shibbolei HaLeket , one of the Rishonim , quotes his brother, Rabi Binyamin , who explains that the Ma Nishtana question is based on the pasuk of Vehiggadatah lebincha . Ve higgada tah is the source for the term Haggadah / tell your child . And in that statement, it says, ba'avur zeh / because of this , which means I'm pointing to something as I say this . What am I pointing to? I'm pointing to the matzah and maror that's in front of me. So the son asks a question about the maror . Why do we eat maror instead of other things? He also asks about the matzah - Why are we eating matzah and not chametz? In the times of the Bet HaMikdash , the son would ask Why are we eating the korban Pesach, roasted , different than all the rest of the year? Now we don't ask that question, we ask about the leaning, and we only respond to the question of leaning, which is Avadim Hayinu / We were slaves, we got out, and that's why we're leaning tonight. So we lean as free men because we were freed tonight. But where is the answer to the rest of the questions? Those come only at the end of the Haggadah , when Rabban Gamaliel says that we have to discuss these three things- Pesach , matzah , and maror , and that's really the answer to the boy's questions. A question is asked- Why did the Baal HaHaggadah /the author of the Haggadah , set it up that we ask the questions at the beginning of the meal, but not answer them until way later? One of the answers, given by the Chatam Sofer , is that it's to show us that we need to have patience. The reason the night of the Seder is so dragged out (Come on, let's finish already), is because we are in Galut , and we need to wait. We're not always going to have the answers right away. We're not always going to get out of the difficulty right away. We have to wait. There's a Yiddish saying that I learned when I was in Mir Yeshiva High School. When you're learning Gemara and you have a question and there's no answer, the line that my teacher in high school used to say was is Fun a kasha shtarbt men nisht , which means you don't die from a question. In other words, don't worry, you're not going to die because you have a question. You'll survive. You learn a Gemara and you have a question, and go further and keep the question in your mind. You don't die from the question. So we start off the night of the Haggadah with a question. What's the answer? I don't know the answer necessarily, so I'll be patient and the answer will come- in a year or two or three or five or ten, but we can continue with the questions. We can live with questions. That's one of the lessons built into the Haggadah - that you're not going to have all the answers right away. You have to learn patience and wait for the answers. There's a story they tell about a man who lived a long life. They asked him, What was your secret for a long life ? The Gemara talks about how when people lived a long life, they used to ask them, What did you do? And this man said, Well, a lot of people have questions. And God says, 'Oh you have questions? Okay, come up. I'll give you the answers.' I don't have any questions, or better yet, I'm patient and I'll wait for my answers. It's okay. I'll wait. I have patience. I don't need the answers right away, Hashem, I could live a life that has a lot of questions. Moshe Rabbeinu would question, Tzaddik v'Ra Lo, Rasha v'Tov lo- Why do bad things happen to good people and vice versa ? What's the answer? Hashem didn't really give an answer. Why? Because we don't always have the answers. That's an important lesson. Another point, many years ago in the Deal Synagogue in Deal, New Jersey, Rabbi Ezrachi was there, and he was walking by our room while we were in the middle of a difficult Gemara . We had a question, so we shared it him. He really liked the question. And he said over the question in his powerful, booming voice, Rav Baruch Mordechai Ezrachi, and we didn't have an answer, and he didn't have an answer. And he said, " You don't need an answer. Enjoy the question." Relish the question. The main thing is the question.The answer is secondary. Live with the question. Chew on the question. Enjoy the question. Delve into the question. That is our opening lesson. It's a night of Chinuch. It's a night of lessons. "Father, I have questions." And we say, " Sonny boy, you're not going to get all the answers. You're going to have to wait." And eventually, the answers will come.

Gefet- Gemara, Perushim, and Tosafot, an in-depth Iyun gemara shiurIn this Gefet episode, we will summarize the debate between Rambam and Ramban on the resurrection of the dead and shine a spotlight on two sugyot in Perek Chelek that discuss the doctrine of Shemitot. Join us as we explore Ramban's unique cyclical perception of time and delve into the Rishonim's dispute regarding the resurrection of the dead.Gefet Ep 108Sanhedrin 90-99Gefet with Rabbanit Yael Shimoni and Shalhevet Schwartz is in collaboration with Yeshivat Drisha. Learn more on ⁠⁠hadran.org.il

As our 'Getting to Know the Rishonim' series continues, we explore the towering figure of Rashi with Rabbi Dr. Ephraim Kanarfogel, one of the foremost scholars of medieval Jewish thought. French Jewry produced a remarkable corpus of Torah commentators—from Rashi to Rashbam, Bechor Shor, Rav Yosef Kara, and Hizkuni. What makes this school of biblical interpretation unique, and is there a common thread in their methodologies? We also examine the process by which Rashi's Torah commentary achieved a near-canonical status—how early did this happen, and why? One of the most debated aspects of Rashi's legacy is his relationship with Peshuto Shel Mikra. While Rashi famously states that his goal is to explain the simple meaning of the text, he frequently incorporates Aggadah. How should we understand his approach to peshat and his use of Midrash? Are peshat and aggadah fundamentally intertwined in his conception of biblical interpretation? Finally, we discuss whether the way Rashi is studied today aligns with how he originally intended his commentary to be understood. Join us for a fascinating deep dive into Rashi's methodology, influence, and lasting legacy.---• Bio: Rabbi Dr. Ephraim Kanarfogel is the E. Billi Ivry University Professor of Jewish History, Literature and Law at Yeshiva University, where he teaches and directs doctoral dissertations at the Bernard Revel Graduate School of Jewish Studies. He researches the fields of medieval and early modern Jewish intellectual history and rabbinic literature. Rabbi Kanarfogel received his PhD from Yeshiva University's Bernard Revel Graduate School of Jewish Studies and his rabbinical ordination from the Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary. He is the author or editor of nine books and nearly 100 articles, and is a winner of the National Jewish Book Award, the Association for Jewish Studies' Jordan Schnitzer Book Prize, and the International Book Award sponsored by the Goldstein-Goren Center for Jewish Thought at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev.• Welcome to JUDAISM DEMYSTIFIED: A PODCAST FOR THE PERPLEXED | Co-hosted by Benjy & Benzi | Thank you to...Super Patron: Jordan Karmily, Platinum Patron: Craig Gordon, Gold Patrons: Dovidchai Abramchayev, Lazer Cohen, Travis Krueger, Vasili Volkoff, Rod Ilian, Silver Patrons: Ellen Fleischer, Daniel Maksumov, Rabbi Pinny Rosenthal, Fred & Antonio, Jeffrey Wasserman, and Jacob Winston! Please SUBSCRIBE to this YouTube Channel and hit the BELL so you can get alerted whenever new clips get posted, thank you for your support!

Have any questions, insights, or feedback? Send me a text!Length: 1 hour 4 minutesSynopsis: This Friday morning (3/7/25), in our tefilah-focused Machshavah Lab series for women, we resumed our analysis of berachos. After reviewing and slightly expanding upon our explanation of what kavanah to have when we say Hashem's name, we delved into a question that tends to escape the notice of many Jews: that throughout davening and in many berachos, we switch back and forth between talking to Hashem in the 2nd person and referring to Him in the 3rd person. We developed our own answer, then examined answers from three Rishonim. I guarantee that if you learn these ideas and say your berachos with them in mind, you'll have a wild and enlightening experience.-----מקורות:רמב"ם - מורה הנבוכים א:סארשב"א - שו"ת חלק ה סימן נברבינ בחיי בן אר - שולחן של ארבעמחזור ויטרי - סימן פח-----The Torah content for this week has been sponsored by Rifka Kaplan-Peck in tribute to the Bibas family. May Hashem avenge their blood and may He grant Yarden Bibas and the extended family comfort in the love of Am Yisroel who mourn with them.-----If you've gained from what you've learned here, please consider contributing to my Patreon at www.patreon.com/rabbischneeweiss. Alternatively, if you would like to make a direct contribution to the "Rabbi Schneeweiss Torah Content Fund," my Venmo is @Matt-Schneeweiss, and my Zelle and PayPal are mattschneeweiss at gmail. Even a small contribution goes a long way to covering the costs of my podcasts, and will provide me with the financial freedom to produce even more Torah content for you.If you would like to sponsor a day's or a week's worth of content, or if you are interested in enlisting my services as a teacher or tutor, you can reach me at rabbischneeweiss at gmail. Thank you to my listeners for listening, thank you to my readers for reading, and thank you to my supporters for supporting my efforts to make Torah ideas available and accessible to everyone.-----Substack: rabbischneeweiss.substack.com/Patreon: patreon.com/rabbischneeweissYouTube Channel: youtube.com/rabbischneeweissInstagram: instagram.com/rabbischneeweiss/"The Stoic Jew" Podcast: thestoicjew.buzzsprout.com"Machshavah Lab" Podcast: machshavahlab.buzzsprout.com"The Mishlei Podcast": mishlei.buzzsprout.com"Rambam Bekius" Podcast: rambambekius.buzzsprout.com"The Tefilah Podcast": tefilah.buzzsprout.comOld Blog: kolhaseridim.blogspot.com/WhatsApp Content Hub (where I post all my content and announce my public classes): https://chat.whatsapp.com/GEB1EPIAarsELfHWuI2k0HAmazon Wishlist: amazon.com/hz/wishlist/ls/Y72CSP86S24W?ref_=wl_sharel

Gittin Shiur #72 Daf 9b- Ksav Al Gabei Ksav Shittos Rishonim

Welcome to our Anava series. A while back we said that the goal of Yetziat Mitzrayim was to make us humble. Somebody recently shared with me a sefer Tiferet Shlomo , on Parashat Beshalach , that says, Anytime a person wants to merit any level of greatness, he has to start off with the understanding that, 'I am not fit for this.' It's not my merit, but rather than merit of my forefathers that opened the path for me, and set me on the road. The Gemara in Berachot 10B says, כל התולה בזכות עצמו תולין לו בזכות אבותיו כו' ע"ש. If you think that you're worthy on your own, God will reciprocate and say, "I gave this to you because of your forefathers. " The very fact that you take credit makes you less worthy so you need the merit of others. But when someone says, I don't have merit, that in itself is the merit, because humility is the merit! As the pasuk in Devarim 7,7 says לֹ֣א מֵֽרֻבְּכֶ֞ם מִכׇּל־הָֽעַמִּ֗ים חָשַׁ֧ק יְהֹוָ֛ה בָּכֶ֖ם / God likes you because you are not great, but you humble yourselves. That's why we always say Elohenu V'Elohei Avotenu / Our God and the God of our forefathers, which means the whole Elohut / the whole connection to God comes because we realize it's Elohenu avotenu . It's not enough to simply understand, I got it from my father. No, the fact that you make the statement and realize it's from your father, is how you create your connection. Conversely, somebody who lifts themself up and thinks I'm worthy on my own, is going to go down, as we see in many cases in history The Tiferet Shlomo points out that Az Yashir starts with, כִּֽי־גָאֹ֣ה גָּאָ֔ה ס֥וּס וְרֹכְב֖וֹ רָמָ֥ה בַיָּֽם׃ He threw the horse in the rider. Why do we say that? Because Paroah was the one that said, I am a god. So Hashem is showing us what happens to those that think they're gods. The Jewish people were saved specifically because they were humble. He then goes through the Nusach HaTefila that we say every morning. ממצרים גאלתנו כו' וים סוף להם בקעת כו' על זאת שבחו אהובים כו' שירות ותשבחות ברכות והודאות למלך אל חי וקים . God took us out of Egypt… He split the sea….Those beloved ones sing songs Wonderful! We are talking about Keriat Yam Suf and we are going to say Hashem Yimloch L'Olam Vaed- that's our daily introduction to our prayers. You have to have Keriat Yam Suf on your mind, so that you are ready to pray. You're supposed to make Keriat Yam Suf alive every day of your life. In middle of that discussion, we say רם ונשא כו' משפיל גאים ומגביה שפלים . Ram V'Nisah God is great. He brings down the arrogant What does that have to do with anything? Then we go back to תהלות לאל עליו ן Why, in the middle of my discussion about God saving us from Mitzrayim , do I have this little Mussar on Anava ? He explains, That's the point. Without the Anava, they never would've gotten out of Mitzrayim . And without the Anava you can't connect to Hashem. So every single day, I'm not just Zecher LYetziat Mitzrayim as a philosophical concept. Rather, with that Zecher LYetziat Mitzrayim comes my daily dose of Anava , and then I'm ready to pray. And he says, we see this built in to the famous Rashi on Zeh Eli V'Anvehu, Rashi15B, which says שראתה שפחה על הים מה שלא ראו / So the Jewish people saw tremendous things and yet they remained humble. That's what we want to say. מוציא אסירים ופודה ענוים / God took those out of jail and He redeems the humble. Why did He take them out of jail? Why did He redeem them? Because they were Anavim . And he says, an unbelievable thing ועונ"ה לעמו הוא אותיות ענו"ה /We say God answers ועונה Onah which has the same letters as the word Anava humility ענוה indicating that what caused Hashem to answer us is our Anava . In Arbit, we say the same. בוקע ים לפני משה זה אלי ענו ואמרו. God split the sea for all the Jewish people . He says, Moshe is the symbol of humility. משה עניו מכל אדם. ( Bamidbar 12,3) The sea was split in the merit of Moshe Rabbenu, in the merit of Anava . It says זה אלי ענו ואמרו Answer ענו has the same letters as ענו Anav humble They saw these great, great revelations and they still remained anav . That's one explanation. Annu/ Anav, they remained anav . The other explanation is because they were Anav they were able to say is Zeh Eli, which is Kabalat Ohl Malchut Shamayim. You can't accept the yoke of God's kingdom unless you're humble. Another unbelievable explanation- It says in the war with Amalek, Shemot 17, וּמֹשֶׁה֙ אַהֲרֹ֣ן וְח֔וּר עָל֖וּ רֹ֥אשׁ הַגִּבְעָֽה׃ Moshe and Aharon went to top of the mountain. And in Bamidbar 23, 9 it says, Bilam says וּמִגְּבָע֖וֹת אֲשׁוּרֶ֑נּוּ / I see them from the mountains, Rashi says that refers to the Avot , who are considered the mountains. So says Moshe and Aharon went to top of the mountain, when going to fight Amalek. Amalek is all about Ga'ava , and we fight him with humility, by realizing we'll go on top of the mountain. There is a phrase from the Rishonim, the Kananas al gavei Anak/The Jewish people are like dwarfs on top of giants. So before we go to fight against Amalek, we can't stand on regular ground. We're going up on the mountain, as if to say I'm a dwarf and I'm standing on top of a giant. That humility is what caused us to win against Amalek. And that's why at Keriat Yam Suf, we aroused Zechut Avot. As it says in Shemot 14,30 וירא ישראל . /And Yisrael saw. But Tiferet Shlomo says we can read it as, they saw Yisrael, their grandfather referring to Yaakov Avinu. I'd like to add that Rav Wolbe says Shema Yisrael also means Listen Yaakov . When the tribes were standing around Yaakov Avinu's bed and they said, Shema Yisrael/ Listen, our father Yisrael. And that's what we're saying every single day. When I say Hashem Elokenu Hashem Echad , it's not because of me , it's because of Shema Yisrael, because of my grandparents , and that in itself is a statement of humility. It's not just Zechut Avot. It's the expression of humility, that I need to come on to them. This is a fascinating thesis by the Tiferet Shlomo. It says in Devarim 26,7 ונצעק אל ה' אלהי אבותינו We cried out to the God of our fathers, וישמע ה' את קולנו . and He heard our voice. And I was always bothered that it starts our our fathers and then our voices. But based on what we said before from the Gemara, that if you are humble and you say, I need my parents zechut, then Hashem says, well then I could do it on your zechut alone. As it says in Shemot 2,24 (שמות ב, כד) וישמע אלהים את נאקתם ויזכור אלהים את בריתו את אברהם את יצחק ואת יעקב. He heard their groans and He remembered the Brit with Avraham Yitzhak and Yaakov. When he wanted to hear their cries, Hashem said, Oh, they're arousing zechut Avot. They're not doing in their own merit, then I'll answer them. Shemot 2,25 וירא אלהים את בנ"י Hashem saw Benei Yisrael. This is an unbelievable explanation. He saw that there were Bnei Yisrael, He saw that they realized they needed zechut Avot, and וידע אלהים God knew. The simple explanation is, that this refers to the interference with intimacy. because that's something that only God could know. But he adds, Only God knows when you are praying, if you're praying because you think you're worthy, or you're not. Every single day before we say Az Yashir, we quote from Nechemia 9,9 ותרא את עני אבותינו / You saw the poverty, you saw the humility. And again, quite clear, the only way God heard our prayers at Yam Suf was because he saw the עוני , he saw the humility. As Rashi says at Zeh Eli , לא אני תחלת הקדושה / I'm not the beginning of Kedusha מימי אבותי it's my forefathers. He offers an unbelievable explanation of why Keriat Yam Suf needed Anava . Because when it came to time for Keriat Yam Suf Moshe wanted to pray but Hashem said it's not about praying. And he uses the term that's a Zohar that says, בעתיקא תליא מילטא / it's dependent on the Atika /the ancient One (on God). There are different explanations of what that means (Zohar volume two, page 52B.) The Nefesh HaChaim, Rav Chaim Volozhin says, Atikah means you need bitachon , it's not about prayer, it's about relying . But the Tiferet Shlomo explains it's about humility . Keriat Yam Suf needed humility. What does humility have to do with, with Hashem being called the Atikah/ the ancient One? In creation, Hashem hides Himself. The word Olam is from the Lashon of He'Elam/hidden . God is referred to as Sanua . He is hidden . We don't know where He is. And in Keriat Yam Suf, we know the wind's blew as the sea split. Why not let the sea split in a very open way? Because all miracles are done in a way that the nature is also involved. Noah had to get on an Ark. Why? An ark can't hold the whole creation. The answer is Because God is humble in His miracles. So if we want miracles to happen, we have to emulate God and also be humble. That's what it means by בעתיקא תליא מילטא The whole KeriatYam Suf was dependent the on humility of the Jewish people, to emulate the humility of God*. And that's why it says in in Tehilim (113,6) המשפילי לראות בשמים ובארץ . God humbles Himself every time He comes down and looks at the heavens and earth. Through the Anava , Hashem brings down the miracles. Again, if we want to arouse the humble God's miracles, we too have to be humble. I once heard an unbelievable explanation from Hacham Yeuda Moalem, one of the Roshei Yeshiva of Porat Yosef (there is a sefer written on him called Gaon HaAnava) He was humble, beyond humble. He says that when the sea split, it split at different times for different peoples. He asks, Why did it split for one person at one point, and for another person later? He says that it says that when the water hit Nachshon's nose, it split. And everyone is different. Someone who walks with his head down low, who's humble, the water hits his nose earlier, so the sea split earlier. Someone who walks with the head high in the air, is arrogant (Of course this is being said in a a figurative, joking way) and if the person is arrogant, his head is high up in the air, so it took longer for the water to reach his nose, and longer for the sea to split. He says the same is true in our lives. If we want our symbolic sea to split our problems, we have to lower our noses a little bit. We know there are two things that are as difficult as Keriat Yam Suf- Parnasa and Shidduchim , and both of those things are humbling. When does our sea split? When we're humbled? Oh, you have a business? You you know what you're doing? Not so simple. Oh, Everyone's going to want want my family. Everyone will want my son or daughter. Let's see.. The shidduch process is humbling. Why is it humbling? Because we need you to put your nose down for the sea to split. That's the way we arouse Hashem's mercy. If you want to see the miracles of the humble God, we too have to reciprocate with humility. * For a source that Hashem is considered humble, a pasuk in Mishleh 8,30says, וָאֶהְיֶ֥ה אֶצְל֗וֹ אָ֫מ֥וֹן I will be by Him an Amon Amon can mean different things, and one of which is craftsman. The Midrash in Bereshit Rabba 1,1 uses the term Amon M'Tsuna/ humble craftsman. Rav Wolbe used to quote this on this concept that God is called a Humble Craftsman.

Living Emunah 2717 In the Blink of an Eye Believing in Hashem's ability to bring salvation in the blink of an eye is an invaluable avoda . It is also something that is expected of every Jew to fully internalize. This is not always easy—especially after years of hoping and waiting without seeing salvation. A year ago, I met a rabbi who told me that he was davening for his 34-year-old daughter, who was still waiting to find her zivug . Recently, I met this man again, and this time he told me, "Mazal Tov!" His daughter, now 35, had just gotten married a few weeks earlier, and they couldn't be happier with the shidduch . We must never give up hope, no matter how long it takes. At the recent A Time Shasathon , a family shared their painful yet inspiring journey through infertility. A man explained that when his daughter was 14 years old, doctors discovered that she did not have a uterus. Naturally, this meant she would face a very difficult road ahead. Wanting to protect her, the family chose not to tell her right away. However, when she was 18 and in seminary , she found out. She understood the enormous challenge she was facing, and of course, she was distraught. Then, when it came time to begin shidduchim , the question loomed: How could she possibly get married under such circumstances? It was during COVID, and she met someone over Zoom. Their conversations went well, and they continued meeting virtually several more times. After about a month, she felt it was time to tell him everything. She explained her medical condition, and the young man immediately grasped the gravity of what she was saying. But at that moment, something remarkable happened—he thought of his grandfather. His grandfather had been engaged when he was told that his kallah was ill and had only six months to live. Instead of walking away, his grandfather said, "I believe in Hashem. Only He determines a person's time in this world." He went ahead with the marriage, and in the end, his wife lived for 22 more years. They had three beautiful children and many grandchildren—including this young man. Hashem had already trained him with the emunah and perspective he would need to marry this girl. He consulted with rabbanim and expressed his desire to stand by her side through life's journey. He received their beracha , and the wedding took place. Later, the couple began exploring the possibility of a uterus transplant. After extensive research, they were approved for a program at a hospital in Birmingham, Alabama. They had to move there indefinitely and wait for a match. Every day there felt like an eternity. They were alone in a foreign place, unable to travel for Shabbat or Yom Tov , since they had to remain on-call at all times, but they knew Hashem was with them. Then, on Shabbat Parashat Lech Lecha , while her husband was in shul , the hospital left a message—their match had arrived. Early Monday morning, she underwent surgery. It was during the week of Parashat Vayera , the very parasha that contains the words: " וה' פקד את שרה " —Hashem granted Sarah a uterus at an advanced age so she could conceive. That week, this woman was also given a uterus, and b'ezrat Hashem , she would one day be able to have children. In that same parasha , we read the words: " היפלא מה' דבר ?" —Is anything beyond Hashem's power? This was the beginning of the miraculous road that Hashem paved for them. Baruch Hashem , this past year, they were blessed with their first child. Everything is possible with emunah . The Rishonim discuss why there is a mitzvah to eat on Erev Yom Kippur . Many say that it is to provide strength for the fast the next day. This raises a question: If someone is ill and unable to fast, does he still have the mitzva to eat on Erev Yom Kippur ? The Sdeh Chemed writes that he absolutely does. Why? Because Hashem can heal a person in an instant, and by the time Yom Kippur arrives, he may very well be able to fast. The Sdeh Chemed uses the phrases: " ישועת ה' כהרף עין " and " היפלא מה' דבר ?" —principles that are so fundamental they even influence halacha . It is up to us to develop our emunah to the point that no matter what we are going through, we know—Hashem can always help us in an instant.

Gefet- Gemara, Perushim, and Tosafot, an in-depth Iyun gemara shiurThe gemara prohibits a Gentile from studying Torah beyond the seven Noahide laws, but the Meiri offers a unique read of this sugya, leading to a very different conclusion. Join us as we dive into the positions of the Rishonim and their ramifications for interfaith dialogue and learning.Gefet Ep 103for Sanhedrin 59Gefet with Rabbanit Yael Shimoni and Shalhevet Schwartz is in collaboration with Yeshivat Drisha. Learn more on ⁠⁠hadran.org.il

Harav Monish Sax discusses our approach to hishtadlus in parnosah through the lens of Chazal and Rishonim.

The Gemara in Rosh Hashanah states that the transgression of not wearing Tefilin is in a special category of harshness. One who is not scrupulous to wear Tefilin is classified as "Karkafta D'la Manach Tefilin"-The scalp that does not don Tefilin and receives an extended sentence in Gehenom. Normally, the maximum sentence in Gehenom is twelve months. However, such a person stays in Gehenom until his soul is incinerated and his ashes are placed under the feet of the Saddikim. The Rishonim debate what degree of not wearing Tefilin constitutes this special category of "Karkafta D'la Manach Tefilin." The Rif interprets the Gemara to mean someone who never wore Tefilin even once in his life. This seems to be Rambam's opinion in Hilchot Teshuba. According to this opinion, if a person wore Tefilin even once, he is saved from being included in that category of sinners. The Rosh, however, questions the Rif's interpretation, because the Rif's text of the Gemara read "A scalp that NEVER wore Tefilin," whereas his text did not have the word "Never." On the other hand, Rabbenu Tam understands the Gemara to refer to one who does not wear Tefilin because he is repulsed by them. However, if he doesn't wear them because he feels that he is unworthy, he is not included in that category. For example he may be concerned that he cannot maintain a clean body or the proper intent. If that is his motivation, although he will be held accountable, he is not called a "Karkafta D'la Manach Tefilin." If someone does not wear Tefilin, because he is lazy, The Bach holds that he is considered "Karkafta D'la Manach Tefilin." If it would be important to him, he wouldn't be lazy, and therefore, it is considered a derision of Tefilin and included in Rabbenu Tam's definition. Therefore, one must insure that his children and grandchildren don't fall into this category and are diligent to put on Tefilin, even on vacation days, when sometimes them may be lax in this important Misva. On the other hand, the Hida (Rav Haim Yosef David Azulai, 1724-1807) understood Rabbenu Tam to mean that only if one actively derides the Tefilin. Laziness is not included in that category. He brings a proof from one of Rabbenu Tam's students, Rabbi Eliezer of Metz, who clearly states that one who doesn't put on Tefilin because he is lazy, is punished, but is not considered "Karkafta…" The Bet Yosef understands from the Tur, who did not make any distinctions, that the category of "Karkafta" applies to all circumstances. This discussion underscores the supreme importance the Misva of Tefilin. While we are obligated to perform all the Misvot, there are certain Misvot that have more severe consequences than others. Therefore, one must insure that his Tefilin are Kosher. If one's Tefilin are invalid, he could put on Tefilin every day of his life and still, Has V'shalom, be considered "Karkafta D'la Manach Tefilin." To avoid this, he must buy the Tefilin from a reputable source and check them as mandated by the Halacha.

Vayigash | Yaakov's Daughters, by Rav Yitzchak Etshalom How many daughters did Yaakov have? (it's not so simple...) As we all know, Yaakov had 12 sons and one daughter; he had over 45 grandsons and - one granddaughter. This is the information given to us throughout the second half of Bereishit, culminating in the list of emigres to Egypt in Bereishit 46. The statistical improbability of this gender gap is difficult; in addition, the text makes several references to the "daughters" of Yaakov. We survey the opinions of several of the Rishonim in grappling with this problem and then discover a (possibly) surprising approach adopted by both Shmuel David Luzzato as well as R. Naftali Zvi Yehuda Berlin, contemporaneously in two corners of the 19th century Jewish world. Source sheet >>  

Today we are joined by Rabbi Shmuel Lubin, a RIETS musmach, doctoral candidate in Microbiology, and host of "The Rishonim Podcast" who introduces us to the responsa of the Ri Migash (no. 114) and what it means for the study of Talmud, Responsa, and Halacha nowadays.  Check out the Rishonim podcast here:https://creators.spotify.com/pod/show/the-rishonim https://sites.google.com/view/rishonim 

In some situations, Birkat Ha'mazon is required by Torah law, and in other situations, it is required Mi'de'rabbanan – by force of Rabbinic enactment. The practical difference between a Torah obligation and one required Mi'de'rabbanan is in cases of Safeik – uncertainty. If one ate and cannot remember whether or not he recited Birkat Ha'mazon, then if the situation is such that Birkat Ha'mazon was required on the level of Torah law, then he must recite the first three blessings of Birkat Ha'mazon. In cases of uncertainty involving Torah law, we must be stringent, and so when there is uncertainty in a case where Birkat Ha'mazon was required by the Torah, one must recite the first three blessings (as the Torah obligation includes only the first three blessings). If Birkat Ha'mazon was required "Mi'de'rabbanan," then one can be lenient in situations of uncertainty, and so he does not recite Birkat Ha'mazon. The basic rule is that the Torah obligation applies if a person ate at least a Ke'zayit of bread and he experiences "Sebi'a" – satiation. The Torah introduces the command of Birkat Ha'mazon by stating, "You shall eat and you shall be satiated, and you shall bless Hashem your G-d," and so the obligation depends on the experience of satiation. Therefore, even if one ate a large quantity of food, if he does not feel satiated, Birkat Ha'mazon is required only "Mi'de'rabbanan." Conversely, if one ate only a "Ke'zayit" of bread and feels satiated, then he is obligated to recite Birkat Ha'mazon on the level of Torah law. It must be noted that one does not have to receive satiation only from bread for the Torah obligation to apply. Even if the satiation came from the combination of bread and other foods, the Torah obligation applies. According to some Rishonim, the Torah obligation applies only if a person is "satiated" in regard to both hunger and thirst. This means that even if a person ate to the point of satiation, the Torah obligation of Birkat Ha'mazon does not apply if he feels thirsty. According to this opinion, the obligation applies in such a case only "Mi'de'rabbanan" unless the individual drinks and quenches his thirst. This is the view accepted by the Ben Ish Hai (Rav Yosef Haim of Baghdad, 1833-1909), in Parashat Hukat (Shana Rishona). He writes that if a person is "Ta'eb Li'shtot" – meaning, he feels a need to drink – he is not considered "satiated" and thus the Torah obligation of Birkat Ha'mazon does not apply. This does not mean that one must always drink during a meal for the Torah obligation to apply; it means that the Torah obligation does not apply if a person feels thirsty. If a person did not drink and does not feel thirsty, then the Torah obligation applies even according to this opinion. Most other Rishonim, however, disagree, and maintain that thirst is not a factor with regard to the Torah obligation of Birkat Ha'mazon, and one who ate to the point of satiation is required to recite Birkat Ha'mazon on the level of Torah law even if he is thirsty. In light of this difference of opinion, if one feels thirsty after eating, it is preferable to drink and quench his thirst so that he will have the opportunity to fulfill the Torah obligation of Birkat Ha'mazon according to all opinions. Summary: The Torah obligation of Birkat Ha'mazon applies if one ate at least a Ke'zayit of bread, and he ate to the point of satiation (even if his satiation resulted from the combination of bread and other foods). If one ate a Ke'zayit or more and does not feel satiated, he is required to recite Birkat Ha'mazon only on the level of Rabbinic enactment. This difference is practically relevant in a case where one does not remember if he recited Birkat Ha'mazon – in such a case, if Birkat Ha'mazon is required as a Torah obligation, the person must recite the first three blessings of Birkat Ha'mazon, but if it is required by the Rabbis, he does not. According to some opinions, the Torah obligation does not apply if a person is thirsty, and so it is preferable for a person who feels thirsty after eating a meal to drink and quench his thirst so he can fulfill a Biblical Misva according to all opinions.

Have any questions, insights, or feedback? Send me a text!Length: 1 hour 13 minutesSynopsis: This morning (12/6/24), in our tefilah-focused Machshavah Lab series for women, we continued our exploration of the nusach ha'tefilah. After reviewing what we covered in Part 1, we busted what I call "The Big Nusach Myth" about "the original nusach" and how all the nuschaos we have today came about. We examined sources from Geonim, Rishonim, Acharonim, and academics. This insight led to a number of questions (and maybe a few cans of worms) which, בג"ה, we'll examine in the upcoming installments.-----מקורות:רמב"ם - משנה תורה: ספר אהבה, הלכות תפלה וברכת כהנים פרק אשם הלכות קריאת שמע א:זשם א:ה-וDaniel Sperber - On Changes in Jewish LiturgyY. Heinemann – Ha-Tefillah ha-Yehudit, pp.79-80שד"ל - מבוא למחזור בני רומארשב"א - חידושים על מסכת ברכות דף יא עמוד ארס"ג - הקדמה לסידור רס"גרשב"א - שו"ת א:תע,תעגמאירי - ברכות דף יא עמוד א-----This week's Torah content has been generously sponsored by Ann, a dedicated supporter of the Rabbi Schneeweiss Torah Content Fund. Thank you, Ann, for your ongoing contribution, which enables me to make my Torah available and accessible to everyone!-----If you've gained from what you've learned here, please consider contributing to my Patreon at www.patreon.com/rabbischneeweiss. Alternatively, if you would like to make a direct contribution to the "Rabbi Schneeweiss Torah Content Fund," my Venmo is @Matt-Schneeweiss, and my Zelle and PayPal are mattschneeweiss at gmail. Even a small contribution goes a long way to covering the costs of my podcasts, and will provide me with the financial freedom to produce even more Torah content for you.If you would like to sponsor a day's or a week's worth of content, or if you are interested in enlisting my services as a teacher or tutor, you can reach me at rabbischneeweiss at gmail. Thank you to my listeners for listening, thank you to my readers for reading, and thank you to my supporters for supporting my efforts to make Torah ideas available and accessible to everyone.-----Substack: rabbischneeweiss.substack.com/Patreon: patreon.com/rabbischneeweissYouTube Channel: youtube.com/rabbischneeweissInstagram: instagram.com/rabbischneeweiss/"The Stoic Jew" Podcast: thestoicjew.buzzsprout.com"Machshavah Lab" Podcast: machshavahlab.buzzsprout.com"The Mishlei Podcast": mishlei.buzzsprout.com"Rambam Bekius" Podcast: rambambekius.buzzsprout.com"The Tefilah Podcast": tefilah.buzzsprout.comOld Blog: kolhaseridim.blogspot.com/WhatsApp Content Hub (where I post all my content and announce my public classes): https://chat.whatsapp.com/GEB1EPIAarsELfHWuI2k0HAmazon Wishlist: amazon.com/hz/wishlist/ls/Y72CSP86S24W?ref_=wl_sharel

Questions, comments, feedback? Send us a message.#319> We discussed why R' Goldwasser created these cards, why start with Rishonim, the research that went into creating the cards, how the cards were created, Haskamos, future projects, and more> To purchase a set of Shaar Cards: https://amzn.to/412RpTr> To join the SeforimChatter WhatsApp community: https://chat.whatsapp.com/DZ3C2CjUeD9AGJvXeEODtK>  To support the podcast or to sponsor an episode follow this link: https://seforimchatter.com/support-seforimchatter/or email seforimchatter@gmail.com (Zelle/QP this email address)Support the show

If one tastes some food or drink purely for the purpose of tasting, and not for enjoyment, is he required to recite a Beracha? This issue is subject to a debate among the Rishonim (Medieval Halachic authorities). The Rambam (Rabbi Moshe Ben Maimon, Spain-Egypt, 1135-1204) ruled in Hilchot Berachot (1:2) that one does not recite a Beracha before tasting food, whereas Tosefot (Talmud commentary by the Medieval French scholars) in Masechet Berachot (14) held that one indeed recites a Beracha in such a case. The Shulchan Aruch (210) codifies the position of the Rambam, that one does not recite a Beracha before tasting food even if he swallows, and then adds that some authorities disagree and require reciting a Beracha in this case. There is a standard rule that when the Shulchan Aruch codifies a certain ruling and then mentions the opposing view, he sides with the first ruling. (This principle is known as "Setam Va'yeish Halacha Ke'stam.") Hence, the accepted position is that of the Rambam, that one does not recite a Beracha if he tastes food or drink strictly for the purpose of tasting, even if he swallows the food or drink. Assuming he eats an amount less than a "Ke'zayit" or drinks less than a "Revi'it," he does not recite a Beracha Achrona after tasting, either. Nevertheless, Rabbi Moshe Halevi, in his work "Birkat Hashem" (vol. 2, 1:18), advises that one should preferably avoid such situations, and expel the food or drink from his mouth after tasting it. Since by swallowing the food one subjects himself to this debate among the Rishonim, it is preferable not to swallow the food so that no Beracha is required according to all opinions. Summary: A person who eats some food or drink purely for the sake of tasting, and not to derive enjoyment from the food or drink, does not recite a Beracha before tasting. If he eats less than a "Ke'zayit" or drinks less than a "Revi'it," he does not recite a Beracha Acharona after tasting, either. Preferably, however, a person who tastes food or drink should expel it from his mouth and not swallow it, given the different views among the authorities on this issue.

We explore how the tradition of Talmudic interpretation evolves from the Geonic period taught by Rabeinu Gershom to the Rishonim period taught by Rashi and the Tosfot approach introduced by his grandson, the Rashbam.Source Sheet

The Shulhan Aruch (Orah Haim 589) writes that the obligation of Shofar on Rosh Hashanah falls under the category of "Misvot Aseh She'ha'zman Gerama" – affirmative commands that apply only at specific times – and, as such, women are exempt from this obligation. Strictly speaking, then, women are not required to hear the Shofar on Rosh Hashanah. However, as noted by the Ben Ish Hai (Rav Yosef Haim of Baghdad, 1833-1909), women have taken it upon themselves to hear the sounding of the Shofar, even though they are not strictly obligated to do so. He adds that it was customary in his community in Baghdad that when a woman was unable to attend the synagogue on Rosh Hashanah, somebody would go to her home to sound the Shofar for her, so she could fulfill the Misva. This custom mentioned by the Ben Ish Hai is noteworthy, for two reasons. First, it shows that he followed the ruling of the Shulhan Aruch that one may sound the Shofar on Rosh Hashanah for women. The Peri Hadash (Rav Hizkiya Da Silva, 1659-1698) disagrees with this position, and maintains that it is forbidden to blow the Shofar only for a woman or group of women. Sounding a Shofar is forbidden on Yom Tob, and is permitted on Rosh Hashanah only for the purpose of fulfilling a Misva. The Peri Hadash thus contends that since women are exempt from the Misva, one who has already fulfilled the Misva may not sound the Shofar for a woman. The Ben Ish Hai clearly followed the Shulhan Aruch's lenient position, that since women are, after all, credited with a Misva if they hear the Shofar, this suffices to permit blowing the Shofar for them on Rosh Hashanah. Secondly, the Ben Ish Hai's comments show that in his view, it is permissible to carry a Shofar through a public domain on Rosh Hashanah for the purpose of the blowing the Shofar for a woman. Tosafot (Talmudic commentaries by Medieval French and German scholars), in Masechet Hullin, maintained that carrying in a public domain is permitted on Yom Tob only for a "Sorech" ("need"), and blowing the Shofar for a woman does not qualify as a "Sorech" because they are not obligated to hear the Shofar. The Tur (Rabbenu Yaakob Ben Asher, 1269-1343) cites the Ba'al Ha'ittur (Rav Yishak Ben Abba Mari, 1122-1193) as disagreeing, and claiming that since a woman fulfills a Misva if she hears a Shofar, this qualifies as a "need" for which carrying is allowed on Yom Tob. In truth, all this is immaterial in light of the Shulhan Aruch's ruling (Orah Haim 518), following the position of the Rambam (Rav Moshe Maimonides, Spain-Egypt, 1135-1204), that carrying on Yom Tob is allowed under any circumstances. According to Sephardic practice, then, there is no question at all whether a Shofar may be carried through a public domain on Rosh Hashanah for the sake of blowing it for a woman, since carrying is entirely permissible on Yom Tob (as long as the object is not Mukseh). There is a famous debate among the Rishonim whether a woman who performs a Misva from which she is exempt recites a Beracha over the Misva. Tosafot, Rabbenu Tam (France, 1100-1171), and several other Rishonim maintained that a woman does, in fact, recite a Beracha, since she does, after all, receive reward for performing the Misva. And although the text of the Beracha includes the word "Ve'sivanu" ("and commanded us"), implying that even the woman is included in the command, these Rishonim explain that this refers generically to the command given to the Jewish People, and does not imply that the women are obligated. The Rambam, however, writes that if a woman wears Sisit, she does not recite a Beracha, because it is a "Misvat Aseh She'ha'zman Gerama" from which she is exempt – clearly indicating that a woman who performs a Misva from which she is exempt does not recite a Beracha. The Shulhan Aruch follows the Rambam's position, and thus rules that a woman does not recite a Beracha over the sounding of the Shofar, since she is not obligated in this Misva. Interestingly, the Hid"a (Rav Haim Yosef David Azulai, 1724-1806) concludes that despite the Shulhan Aruch's ruling, women should, in fact, recite a Beracha over Misvot which they voluntarily perform. He notes a responsum by Rav Yaakob of Marvege (France, d. 1243), a Rabbi who would pose Halachic questions before going to sleep, and then receive an answer in a dream during the night. He compiled these responses in a work entitled "Min Ha'shamayim." One of the questions he asked was whether women recite a Beracha when performing a "Misvat Aseh She'ha'zman Gerama," and the response he received was that women indeed do recite a Beracha over such a Misva. The Hid"a asserts that if Maran (author of the Shulhan Aruch) would have been aware of this response, which was shown to Rav Yaakob of Marvege in a quasi-prophetic dream, he would have accepted this ruling. Accordingly, the Hid"a ruled that women generally do recite a Beracha when they perform a "Misvat Aseh She'ha'zman Gerama." He makes an exception, however, with regard to the Misva of Shofar, noting that even in Sephardic communities in which women recited a Beracha over other Misvot, like Lulab, women would not recite a Beracha over Shofar. This is also the ruling of Hacham Bension Abba Shaul (Israel, 1924-1998). Hacham Ovadia Yosef, however, challenges the Hid"a's claim, arguing that we follow the Shulhan Aruch's rulings even if they run in opposition to the positions revealed to Rav Yaakob of Marvege. In any event, it is clear that according to all opinions, if one blows the Shofar only for a woman or group of women, no Beracha is recited. The Ben Ish Hai writes that if a woman normally hears the Shofar on Rosh Hashanah – which is, of course, the commonly accepted practice – and one year she knows she will be unable to, then before Rosh Hashanah she must perform Hatarat Nedarim, annulling her implicit vow to observe this custom. The Sha'areh Teshuba comments that it is preferable for a woman to hear the Shofar sounded by a man, rather than blow it herself or hear a woman blow it. Finally, the custom that women ensure to hear the Shofar is limited to the first 30 Shofar sounds, which are blown in the synagogue before Musaf. A woman is not required – even by force of accepted custom – to hear all 101 sounds that are blown in the synagogue; it suffices to hear just 30 sounds. Summary: Although women are exempt from the obligation of Shofar, it is customary for women to hear the first 30 sounds of the Shofar. If a woman cannot attend the synagogue, it is permissible, and proper, for a man to go to her home and blow the Shofar on her behalf. He may carry the Shofar through the public domain for this purpose. No Beracha is recited if the Shofar is being blown only for a woman or group of women. A woman who knows before Rosh Hashanah that she will be unable to hear the Shofar should perform Hatarat Nedarim.

· What constitutes a halachic discussion?· How do we arrive at each conclusion?· Why is the process so complex?· Who may serve as a halachic authority?· When can one ask a second halachic opinion?Prepare to embark on an illuminating journey through the depth and breadth of Halacha with Rabbi Walter, the Rav of Woodside Synagogue Ahavas Torah, and the executive director of the Rabbinical Council of Greater Washington.Have you ever wondered about the intricate process of making halachic decisions? Rabbi Walter unpacks this complexity, shedding light on how context, compassion, and even financial considerations come into play.Dive deeper into the historical tapestry of Halacha as we trace its evolution from the Written Torah and Oral Torah through the pivotal eras of the Gaonim, Rishonim, and later Gedolei Rabbanim. Discover how the Sanhedrin and other Rabbinic authorities have shaped and maintained these laws, ensuring they remain a vital guide for daily life. The episode also highlights the significant contributions of halachic giants like the Rambam, Rif, Rosh, and Tur, offering a fascinating glimpse into their methodologies and enduring impact on Jewish legal scholarship.Finally, Rabbi Walter emphasizes the necessity of having a knowledgeable rabbi for personal guidance, especially in navigating the myriad nuances of Halacha. Through examples from the wisdom of the Chofetz Chaim and the Vilna Gaon, we explore why personal relationships with a rabbi are crucial for maintaining a cohesive and supportive Jewish community. This episode promises to inform and inspire, offering profound insights into the living tradition of Jewish law and leadership.CLICK HERE TO BUY RABBI WALTER'S BOOKS! Support the showJoin The Motivation Congregation WhatsApp community for daily motivational Torah content!Elevate your impact by becoming a TMC Emerald Donor! Your much-needed backing is crucial for our mission of disseminating the wisdom of the Torah. Join today for just $18.00 per month. (Use your maaser money!) https://buy.stripe.com/00g8xl5IT8dFcKc5ky---------------- SUBSCRIBE to The Weekly Parsha for an insightful weekly talk on the week's Parsha. Listen on Spotify or 24six! Access all Torah talks and listen to featured episodes on our website, themotivationcongregation.org ----------------Questions or Comments? Please email me @ michaelbrooke97@gmail.com

Shoftim | The Prohibition of "Raising" a Stele, by Rav Yitzchak Etshalom Why is the matzeiva described as "abhorred by God"?  In the middle of the presentation of the laws of the Beit Din HaGadol (the central national court), the Torah interjects three seemingly disconnected prohibitions - planting a tree near the altar, raising a stele (מצבה) and offering a blemished animal. We address the middle of these passages and note the curious phrasing of the prohibition - אשר שנא ה' אלקיך and observe that both אשר as well as שנא has multiple possible meanings within the verse. We then briefly survey the history of the מצבה in the narrative of the תורה, where it seems to have Divine approval - and then we see three main approaches in the Midrashim and the Rishonim, each with its own difficulties. We then suggest a variation of one of these approaches, based on a careful reading of our text. This shiur was dedicated to the memory of the six חטופים who were murdered, in cold blood, just before their imminent rescue. השם יקום דמם ויהא זכרם ברוך Source sheet >>

The Shulchan Aruch (Siman 8) clearly rules that if a person takes off his Tallit in the middle of Tefila, for example, to go to the bathroom, he must make a new Beracha when putting it back on. This ruling is based on a large contingent of Rishonim (early authorities) cited in the Bet Yosef. They argue that since he was "Doche B'Yadayim"- actively detached the Misva from his self, it is now considered a new Misva with its own Beracha, even though he intended to put it on again. However, The Rema disagrees and argues that a new Beracha is not necessary. His rationale is that technically, it is permitted to wear a Tallit in the bathroom; therefore, there was no Halachic interruption mandating a new Beracha. The other position claims that this reasoning supports their opinion. Since it is not mandatory to remove the Tallit in the bathroom, and yet he did so nevertheless, this is a clear indication that he was "Doche B'Yadayim." Halacha L'Maaseh, the practical Halacha is that we follow the principle of "Safek Berachot L'Hakel,"- to be lenient and refrain from saying a Beracha when there is a doubt, against the opinion of Maran. The Shulchan Aruch brings a second case in which the Tallit completely fell off. Here, even the Rema agrees that he must make a new Beracha, because the Misva, as it were, left the person; he did not actively remove it with intent to put it on again. However, Hacham Ovadia found some Rishonim who held that in such a case one does not make a Beracha. Thus, the Halacha is again a "Safek Beracha L'Hakel," a case of doubt, and we are lenient not to say it. Interestingly, in both cases Maran rules to say a new Beracha, yet the practical Halacha is not to do so. Based on this, Hacham Bension rules that if after the Amidah, when wearing a Tallit is less of an obligation, one's Tallit fell off or he went to the bathroom, he should not put it back on, to avoid putting himself in a situation of a doubt in Berachot. SUMMARY If a person removed his Tallit or it fell off, after the Amidah, he should not put it back on. If it happened before the Amidah, he should put it back on without a Beracha.

Reeh | Ish haYashar beEinav | Revisiting a Biblical Conundrum, by Rav Yitzchak Etshalom What did Moshe mean when he said "that which is right in each man's eyes" in reference to the Mikdash? Moshe Rabbenu, in describing the difference between the sacral worship in the desert and that which the people are imminently going to practice once they enter the Land, uses an odd phrase - "You shall not do after all the things that we do here this day, every man whatever is right in his own eyes". We explore the various ways in which this phrase was understood by the Rishonim and, inspired by a comment in the  Pesikta Zutrata (Lekah Tov), use the parallel phrase at the end of Sefer Shoftim for a deeper understanding of the role of the Mikdash and its association with justice and proper behavior in the Land. Source sheet >>

We are now in the shavuah shechal bo Tisha B'Av and it is incumbent upon us to try to feel some of the pain of the Shechina that is still in exile after so many years. Chazal tell us Hashem was forced, kavayachol , to destroy His own home because of our sins, primarily sinat chinam . And we are still preventing Him from building it. The Chafetz Chaim writes in his sefer Shmirat Halashon in the name of Rishonim , if baseless hatred caused the destruction of the built Beit HaMikdash , surely it will not be rebuilt so long as the hatred continues. The sefer Aleh Ayin writes, when Yaakov Avinu wanted to reveal to his children the date of the Final Geula , he told them האספו, which means you must gather together and be united in order for it to take place. There are people who don't talk to each other because of monetary disputes or because one insulted the other. The Peleh Yoetz writes, whatever the reason for the hatred, it is still called baseless because Hashem is really the one who brings about everything. If we got insulted or lost money, it's because it was the will of Hashem for us. And it is Hashem's will that we don't hate anyone, even in our hearts. There are family members who don't speak to each other, lo alenu . Even children who refuse to talk to their parents, Rachmana letzlan . The Final Redemption is in our hands. No one should ever say, what is my forgiving going to help, there are still thousands of people who hate? First of all , we don't know the value of each person's deeds and secondly, we are not obligated to do the entire job ourselves, but have to do at least our part. If the only incentive in forgiving people and uprooting the hatred would be that we are doing the will of Hashem and enabling Him to bring the Geula , it would be more than enough. But there's more. Hashem loves when we make peace so much, He also gives it side rewards in this world as well. Rabbi Yitzchak Zilberstein told a story about a woman whose name is Rachel who had a good job working in a certain children's center. One day, her friend Rivka was pleading with her to get her a job in the same center. She acquiesced and Rivka got hired. A few months later, Rachel was doing construction on her home which was close to where she worked, and so, from time to time, she would leave work for a few minutes to make sure the construction was being done properly. On one occasion, the manager of the center came to speak to Rachel while she was on one of those quick visits. The manager asked Rivka, "Where is Rachel?" Rivka told her the truth. The manager became furious and, when Rachel came back, she fired her saying, "You can't just leave work whenever you want." When Rachel found out that Rivka told her where she was, she became livid. She yelled at her saying, "This is the thank you I get for getting you this job? Couldn't you just have said that I stepped out for a minute?" From that day on, Rachel stopped talking to Rivka. She couldn't forgive her, especially since she got fired at a time that she needed the money so much to pay for her construction. Some time later, Rachel was on a bus traveling from Bnei Brak to Elad with a friend, and Rivka was on that same bus. Rivka went over to her to say hello, but Rachel completely ignored her. Rachel's friend asked her who that person was and why she ignored her. Rachel then told her the story. The friend said, "Please, do me a favor. I have a sister who's married for sixteen years without children. I've heard so many stories about the power of blessing that a person receives when she forgives. Please forgive Rivka now and then ask Hashem to give my sister a child. Rachel said, "I'm sorry, I can't forgive her. I can't even look at her." But as the bus ride progressed, Rachel began to think about it more. She herself had a 27 year old son who was having an extremely hard time in shidduchim . She told her friend, "I'm going to go right now and forgive her and then, b'ezrat Hashem, I'll pray that your sister has a child and that my son gets married. Rachel went over to Rivka, and they made up right there on the spot. Rabbi Zilberstein paused the story and said he has heard many stories like this, but each one of them is so special because it shows how much Hashem loves when His children forgive each other and make up. Baruch Hashem, this time as well, the yeshuot were not delayed in coming, Rachel's son got engaged within the next few months, and her friend's sister made a Brit Milah for a healthy baby boy on the 3 rd day of Cheshvan, which was within a year of her forgiving, less than 2 years ago from today. Let us end the fighting. Do it because it is the will of Hashem and then, b'ezrat Hashem we'll be able to enjoy the rebuilding of the Beit HaMikdash . Amen .

Welcome to our new podcast series, where we'll explore everything you ever wanted to know about hair covering. We approach the topic from a new angle, giving you the inside scoop on how the halachos of Kisui Rosh developed, following the chain from the original sources in the Torah, through the texts of the Mishna, Gemara, Rishonim and Acharonim. In this introductory episode, we introduce Menucha Schwartz, our guest for this series and the genius behind the original Kisui Rosh course we launched three years ago. She talks about the process of researching and writing on this topic, we give an outline for the upcoming episodes and we talk about what we hope you, our audience, can gain from listening.  If you liked this series and want to take your learning to the next level by diving into the original sources for yourself, register for our upcoming course starting end of October: batshevalearningcenter.com/courses To purchase the course books to learn on your own or in a group, visit our online store here:  batshevalearningcenter.com/textbooks Follow us Instagram or join our WhatsApp group for more text-based Torah learning opportunities for women.

Source Sheet:  ⁠https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FN86253bMbOADfXwkyq53FtxOPagkpknBGDctZy7bdA/⁠ This episode continues our discussion of the Rishonim's "Most Interesting Man in the World," by focusing on the writings - both lost and found - of Rabbi Shmuel ibn Naghrila, known as Shmuel ha-Nagid. We talk some halakhic positions, his attitude towards the Geonim, and various aspects of his thought that is cited by later Rishonim and that can be discerned from his gorgeous poetry. For more sheets and other info check out ⁠⁠⁠⁠https://sites.google.com/view/rishonim⁠⁠⁠⁠ Do you want to send me some suggestions? Criticism or corrections? Comments or questions? Contact me at ⁠⁠⁠therishonim@gmail.com⁠⁠⁠

Have any questions, insights, or feedback? Send me a text!Length of the article: 2 pagesLength of the audio: 6 minutes 31 secondsSynopsis: This is the audio version of the 2-page article I originally published on my old blog on 12/27/13, which I edited and republished on rabbischneeweiss.substack.com/ on 7/19/24 entitled: Vaeira: Do You Believe in Magic? Is magic real? There are three views among the Rishonim. This used to be an open question. But if these Rishonim were alive today, they'd all be in agreement.-----The Torah Content for the remainder of July has been sponsored by the Lichters in honor of Jonny Schneeweiss, just "for being Jonny."-----If you've gained from what you've learned here, please consider contributing to my Patreon at www.patreon.com/rabbischneeweiss. Alternatively, if you would like to make a direct contribution to the "Rabbi Schneeweiss Torah Content Fund," my Venmo is @Matt-Schneeweiss, and my Zelle and PayPal are mattschneeweiss at gmail. Even a small contribution goes a long way to covering the costs of my podcasts, and will provide me with the financial freedom to produce even more Torah content for you.If you would like to sponsor a day's or a week's worth of content, or if you are interested in enlisting my services as a teacher or tutor, you can reach me at rabbischneeweiss at gmail. Thank you to my listeners for listening, thank you to my readers for reading, and thank you to my supporters for supporting my efforts to make Torah ideas available and accessible to everyone.-----Substack: rabbischneeweiss.substack.com/Patreon: patreon.com/rabbischneeweissYouTube Channel: youtube.com/rabbischneeweissInstagram: instagram.com/rabbischneeweiss/"The Stoic Jew" Podcast: thestoicjew.buzzsprout.com"Machshavah Lab" Podcast: machshavahlab.buzzsprout.com"The Mishlei Podcast": mishlei.buzzsprout.com"Rambam Bekius" Podcast: rambambekius.buzzsprout.com"The Tefilah Podcast": tefilah.buzzsprout.comOld Blog: kolhaseridim.blogspot.com/WhatsApp Content Hub (where I post all my content and announce my public classes): https://chat.whatsapp.com/GEB1EPIAarsELfHWuI2k0HAmazon Wishlist: amazon.com/hz/wishlist/ls/Y72CSP86S24W?ref_=wl_sharel

Source Sheet:  https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FN86253bMbOADfXwkyq53FtxOPagkpknBGDctZy7bdA/ This episode introduces the "Disney character" of the Rishonim, Rabbi Shmuel ibn Naghrila, known as Shmuel ha-Nagid. We explore his epic career through the lens of his own poetic compositions, talking about how he rose to the greatest social positions available at the time. How did this great religious scholar live so much of his life on the battlefield and in a Muslim royal court? For more sheets and other info check out ⁠⁠⁠https://sites.google.com/view/rishonim⁠⁠⁠ Do you want to send me some suggestions? Criticism or corrections? Comments or questions? Contact me at ⁠⁠therishonim@gmail.com⁠⁠

The Baal Shem Tov passed away on Shavuos in 1760, but the exact day of his passing and the time and manner of his burial have long been subjects of controversy and mystery. In this class, we explore this subject by learning about two major debates regarding yom tov burials that emerged during the Middle Ages. Through this journey, we aim to deepen our appreciation for the laws and values related to yom tov observance and the proper dignity afforded to those who have passed away. Yom Tov Burial: The Talmud, the Rishonim, and the Baal Shem Tov

Behar | When and Where? by Rav Yitzchak Etshalom Why is the end of Sefer Vayikra identified with Har Sinai?  The last three chapters of Vayikra are identified as being given by Hashem to Moshe בהר סיני  - which is typically understood to mean, in apposition to מאהל מועד, atop the mountain and, therefore, before the construction of the Mishkan. This presents a challenge to chronological sequencing of the Torah (מוקדם ומאוחר בתורה), since the first (presumably 24) chapters of Vayikra were given in the "Tent of Meeting". We explore the various approaches of the Midrash Halakha and the Rishonim in deciphering the text's identifying these passages as being given at Har Sinai - and then propose a theory which not only responds to their questions but also casts the narrative sequencing issue in a different light. Source sheet >>

0:00 Introducing Season 3 - R' Chaim and the 7 Masechtos 5:50 What are these Masechtas? 7:02 Maseches Gerim in Print 9:02 Why was't it published in 1714? 10:14 Chida & Maseches Gerim 11:30 Chida publishes Maseches Gerim 11:40 First Peirush Nachlas Yaakov 12;28 R' Avrohom Ben HaGra 13:13 Chida publishes second time with more material 13:55 First serious work on with these Masechtos 14:50 Are there other similar Masechtos? The Chida 18:14 -R' Avrohom ben HaGra and Gra about 7 Masechtos 21:10 First complete edition of 7 Masechthos 22:40 Vilna Shas publishes 7 Masechtos 23:18 Other works on 7 Masechtos 24:10 Hieger edition of 7 Masechtos 24:43 Mechon Talmud Yisraeli edition 26:25 Rishonim who had these works 27:17 Did Rambam have these works? How early are these works?

The Gemara in Masechet Shabbat (42) establishes a Halachic equation between hot liquid inside a Keli Rishon – the original utensil in which something was cooked – and hot liquid poured from a Keli Rishon (called "Iruy Keli Rishon"). Namely, as far as the laws of Shabbat are concerned, both liquid inside a Keli Rishon and liquid poured directly from a Keli Rishon have the capacity to "cook" a raw, solid food item. Whether a person places a raw food inside hot water in a pot or if he pours hot water directly from an urn or pot onto raw food, he has transgressed the Torah prohibition of cooking on Shabbat. The Rishonim (Medieval Halachic scholars) debate the question of whether or not this Halacha, equating liquid inside a Keli Rishon with liquids poured from a Keli Rishon, applies to pouring on liquids, as well. A number of Rishonim, including the Rashba, Ran and Rambam, rule leniently in this regard, and allow one to pour hot liquid directly from a Keli Rishon onto cold liquid. According to this view, it would be permissible to heat cold water on Shabbat by pouring hot water into it directly from an urn. Tosefot (Talmudic commentaries by the French and German scholars), however, forbid doing so unless one adds less hot water than the amount of cold water in the cup. In their view, one may add a small amount of hot water from a Keli Rishon into a larger amount of cold water, but it is forbidden to add a large amount of hot water into a smaller amount of cold water. The Shulhan Aruch accepts the lenient position, which allows pouring hot liquid from a Keli Rishon onto cold liquid under all circumstances. Many other authorities, however, including the Ben Ish Hai, Kaf Ha'haim, Rabbi Moshe Halevi and Hacham Ovadia Yosef, accept the stringent ruling of Tosefot. In their view, since we deal here with a potential Torah violation, we must concern ourselves with the stringent position. Therefore, one may not add hot liquid directly from a Keli Rishon onto cold liquid, unless the cold liquid will constitute the majority of the resultant mixture. The exception to this rule is a case where the liquid had been previously cooked, such as if one has a cup of hot tea or coffee that has cooled, and he wishes to add hot water. According to some views, liquid that has been cooked is no longer subject to the prohibition of cooking on Shabbat even after it has completely cooled. Therefore, this situation is one of a "Sefek Sefeka," or "double doubt." The first doubt is whether or not this liquid is subject to "cooking" in the Halachic sense at all, as it had already been cooked, and the second is whether or not pouring onto liquid from a Keli Rishon constitutes cooking. In such a case, then, one may be lenient and add even a significant amount of hot water from a Keli Rishon – such as an urn – into one's tea or coffee. If, however, the liquid in one's cup had never been previously cooked, he may add hot liquid only if the added hot liquid constitutes the minority of the mixture. Summary: One may not add hot liquid directly from a pot or an urn onto raw solid food. One may add hot liquid directly onto cold liquid if the cold liquid had previously been cooked (such as hot tea or coffee that has cooled), or if the amount of hot liquid added is less than the amount of cold liquid in the cup.

The history of the Jews in Spain has always been part of our collective memory. But the real story starts 1,000 years earlier.   Long before the Rishonim, flourishing communities existed. What were their lives like? Why do we not know more about them? And what happened in 711CE?   For the trip, please email: giana.elav@gmail.com   Chapters 00:00 The Visigothic Period: Anti-Jewish Legislation and Forced Conversions 15:40 The Muslim Invasion: The Golden Age of Spain for Jews 33:43 Uncovering the Forgotten History: The Jews of Spain

We said in the Hagaddah ״ UB'Moftim Zeh HaDam/ And with wonders,” this refers to Blood When the Torah describes one of the ways Hashem took us out of Mitzrayim with moftim , it's referring to Dam/Blood . The Rishonim ask why Dam would be singled out here if there were another nine Makot . What was so special about Dam that it's called Moftim ? The Ritva explains that with all the other Makot , once they started, they were basically the same throughout, but Dam was continuously changing back and forth. When the water went to the Mitzri , it was blood. When it went to the Jew, it was water. If a person wanted to see Emunah clearly with his own eyes, he could have taken a bottle of water f and handed it to the Mitzri, see it turn into blood, then take it back and see it turn into water, and so forth. That was Moftim . There were numerous miracles taking place constantly. Others explain that the reference to Dam here is not the Makah of Dam . It refers to when Moshe Rabbenu came to inform the Jews that Hashem was going to save them from Mitzrayim. Moshe asked Hashem, How could I prove it to them, and Hashem gave him signs to give over. First, he showed them the stick that turned into a snake( ub'otot zeh hamateh). Then he showed them that his hand could turn into Tzara'at (The Baal Haggadah did not want to mention that, out of kavod for the Tzadik ) Then came the Moftim , the Dam . Moshe Rabbenu took water out of the Nile, poured it onto the floor, and it turned into blood. Then the Jewish people believed. They believed that Hashem was going to save them, and this was the Emunah they needed to earn the zechut to be redeemed. And we praise Hashem now, what a Chessed!! Hashem could have said, If they don't believe, then I'm not going to help them . But instead, He gave them clear and open signs that He was there and that He would help them. He helped give them Emunah to enable them to be saved. Today as well, we are feeling Geula in the air. We hope that it's coming very soon. And Hashem, once again, is showing us that He's here with us. A couple of weeks ago, we were able to shoot down all those missiles, and with more statistics coming out, it's clear that it was an open miracle. The odds of such a thing happening are astronomical. Then on Erev Pesach , we saw another open miracle that was captured on video camera! Palestinian teenagers took a car and rammed into yeshiva boys standing on the corner of a street. The video clearly shows the boys flying up into the air and coming down. Being saved from that alone was a miracle, but it goes further. The Palestinians got out of the car with a gun, and tried to shoot them, but the gun got jammed. They kept trying and trying but each time the gun would not work. They got so flustered and all of their plans got foiled They were caught and the boys escaped with just a few scratches and a bit of a bloody nose. These are Nissim! Weapons were later found in their car, revealing the mass murders they were planning. Hashem saved us once again. These are open miracles that we're seeing with our own eyes. Hashem is showing us openly that He's here. The Shomer Yisrael is taking care of us and protecting us. We have to internalize this Emuna. Va'Yaamen HaAm. This was the zechut that they needed to leave Mitzrayim . And this is the zechut we need today. B'ezrat Hashem , we will take these Simanim and have full Emunah in Hashem and we will see the Geula Shelemah B'Karov Amen ! Moadim L'Simcha

How the different opinions re: בל יראה among Rishonim reflect different Jewish השקפות on the original Passover

Dedication opportunities are available for episodes and series at  https://ohr.edu/donate/qa   Questions? Comments? podcasts@ohr.edu   Yeshivat Ohr Somayach located in the heart of Jerusalem, is an educational institution for young Jewish English-speaking men. We have a range of classes and programs designed for the intellectually curious and academically inclined - for those with no background in Jewish learning to those who are proficient in Gemara and other original source material. To find the perfect program for you, please visit our website https://ohr.edu/study_in_israel​ whatsapp us at https://bit.ly/OSREGISTER or call our placement specialist at 1-254-981-0133 today!   Subscribe to the Rabbi Breitowitz Q&A Podcast at https://plnk.to/rbq&a   Submit questions for the Q&A with Rabbi Breitowitz https://forms.gle/VCZSK3wQJJ4fSd3Q7   Subscribe to our YouTube Channel at https://www.youtube.com/c/OhrSomayach/videos   00:00 Why are there varying numbers of remembrances in davening?   07:44 Should a religious Jew support a secular death penalty?   20:51 Is there a Torah source for keeping minhagim?   26:31 Are midrashic sources in verses just to cause a student to ask, and thereby learn the Oral Torah from his rabbi?   31:00 Is it permitted to listen to a recording of a woman singing?   43:08 Is there something inherently, spiritually inferior about mamzerim?   53:24 What is the proper middle ground between acting like a prince and separating from physicality?   58:30 Could a Syrian do an annulment of vows in order to marry a convert?   1:04:09 How can prophets receive money for their prophecies?   1:11:23 How is the word for cattle related to the word for morning?   1:16:35 How can one say that some numbers in the Tanakh are not exact?   1:22:47 If a restaurant that is open on Shabbos can't get a hechsher, why can a restaurant with a pride flag receive a hechsher?   1:27:20 Why don't mashgichim tell people what the berachos are?   1:28:43 Is use of the phrase "oh my G-d" a use of Hashem's name in vain?   1:29:58 How could a hashgacha decide to deny a restaurant if the food itself is kosher?   1:36:14 Why do some Rishonim and Acharonim spend time describing the final redemption if Chazal didn't describe it in detail?   1:40:07 How could two kosher witnesses validate a marriage that is forbidden from the Torah?   1:44:38 How does the Temple Institute understand Rashi's words about the Temple?   You can listen to this and many other Ohr Somayach programs by downloading our app, on Apple and Google Play, ohr.edu and all major podcast platforms. Visit us @ https://ohr.edu  PRODUCED BY: CEDAR MEDIA STUDIOS