Podcasts about talmudic

Jeff Shepherd closes his mini-series with a clear, evidence-based theoretical interpretation of a developing global spiritual and legal framework. In this final episode, he assembles the full chain tying together the seven Noahide laws, the New Apostolic Reformation, the Kabbalistic concept of Tikkun Olam, and the doctrine of the Nitzotzot (divine sparks). Jeff traces how these elements interact — from their Talmudic and U.S. legal roots (Public Law 102-14) to the modern-day promotion of dominion theology and extra-biblical apostolic authority — and describes how this system could pressure Christian belief and practice. The episode identifies attractive cultural packaging (Tikkun Olam), mystical drivers (the Nitzotzot), and long-range strategic influences (Alice Bailey and Theosophy) that converge toward Jerusalem as a geopolitical and religious focal point. Jeff outlines practical red flags for ordinary Christians: teachings that elevate social repair or dominion above the finished work of the cross, language about an inner divine spark, extra-biblical revelation from modern apostles and prophets, softening of Christ's exclusive mediatorship, spiritual warfare models focused on territory rather than hearts, and untested adoption of Jewish mystical symbols. Listeners are given a clear call to action: hold fast to the testimony of Jesus, test every spirit, refuse any system requiring a 'mark,' and build resilient communities grounded in Scripture rather than apostolic networks. The episode closes on a note of confident hope, pointing to the ultimate victory of Christ, the reign of the martyrs, and the assurance that the stone cut without hands will shatter the opposing image. Jeff invites listeners to share the episode, subscribe for future content, and continue to read the Scriptures diligently like the Bereans. Want to Understand and Explain Everything Biblically? Click Here: Decoding the Power of Three: Understand and Explain Everything or go to www.rightonu.com and click learn more. Use coupon code Summer50 for $50. value savings until August 31st.. Thank you for Listening to Right on Radio. Prayerfully consider supporting Right on Radio. Click Here for all links, Right on Community ROC, Podcast web links, Freebies, Products (healing mushrooms, EMP Protection) Social media, courses and more...https://linktr.ee/RightonRadio Live Right in the Real World! We talk God and Politics, Faith Based Broadcast News, views, Opinions and Attitudes We are Your News Now. Keep the Faith

Learn the daily portion of Rambam's Mishneh Torah, 3 chapters a day, with Rabbi Avraham Zajac, a renowned Talmudic scholar and master teacher.

Learn the daily portion of Rambam's Mishneh Torah, 3 chapters a day, with Rabbi Avraham Zajac, a renowned Talmudic scholar and master teacher.

Learn the daily portion of Rambam's Mishneh Torah, 3 chapters a day, with Rabbi Avraham Zajac, a renowned Talmudic scholar and master teacher.

Learn the daily portion of Rambam's Mishneh Torah, 3 chapters a day, with Rabbi Avraham Zajac, a renowned Talmudic scholar and master teacher.

Learn the daily portion of Rambam's Mishneh Torah, 3 chapters a day, with Rabbi Avraham Zajac, a renowned Talmudic scholar and master teacher.

Learn the daily portion of Rambam's Mishneh Torah, 3 chapters a day, with Rabbi Avraham Zajac, a renowned Talmudic scholar and master teacher.

Discover the depth, drama, and enduring wisdom of the Talmud in this inspiring new 20-part Zoom series with Rabbi Shmuly Yanklowitz: “20 Talmudic Stories Every Jew Should Know.” Each class brings to life a powerful narrative from the Talmud—stories of courage, curiosity, compassion, conflict, and transformation. Rabbi Yanklowitz will guide participants through the historical context, spiritual meaning, and ethical challenges embedded in each tale, revealing how these ancient narratives still speak urgently to the modern Jewish experience. Whether you're a seasoned learner or brand new to Talmud study, you'll find yourself captivated by the richness and relevance of these stories.More than just storytelling, this series is an invitation to think, question, and grow. Each session will create space for thoughtful discussion, personal reflection, and practical takeaways to elevate daily life, relationships, and spiritual practice. Connect with a vibrant community of learners, deepen your understanding of Jewish tradition, and be energized by Rabbi Yanklowitz's uniquely passionate, inclusive, and justice-centered approach to Torah. These are stories that shape who we are—and who we can become. Join us and let them inspire you.Attend these classes live over Zoom by becoming a member for $18 per class: https://www.valleybeitmidrash.org/become-a-member.------------------Stay Connected with Valley Beit Midrash:• Website: https://www.valleybeitmidrash.org• Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ValleyBeitMidrash ★ Support this podcast ★

On today's page, Chullin 111, the rabbis debate how to prepare one of Jewish cuisine's most divisive delicacies: liver. If you think its staying power comes down to tradition or nutrition, you're only halfway there. Take our hand as we explore a food that is humble and luxurious, beloved and reviled—and somehow still here after thousands of years. We'll make it, we swear. What could be more Talmudic than a food that is itself an argument? Listen and find out. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Learn the daily portion of Rambam's Mishneh Torah, 3 chapters a day, with Rabbi Avraham Zajac, a renowned Talmudic scholar and master teacher.

Learn the daily portion of Rambam's Mishneh Torah, 3 chapters a day, with Rabbi Avraham Zajac, a renowned Talmudic scholar and master teacher.

Learn the daily portion of Rambam's Mishneh Torah, 3 chapters a day, with Rabbi Avraham Zajac, a renowned Talmudic scholar and master teacher.

Learn the daily portion of Rambam's Mishneh Torah, 3 chapters a day, with Rabbi Avraham Zajac, a renowned Talmudic scholar and master teacher.

Learn the daily portion of Rambam's Mishneh Torah, 3 chapters a day, with Rabbi Avraham Zajac, a renowned Talmudic scholar and master teacher.

Learn the daily portion of Rambam's Mishneh Torah, 3 chapters a day, with Rabbi Avraham Zajac, a renowned Talmudic scholar and master teacher.

Discover the depth, drama, and enduring wisdom of the Talmud in this inspiring new 20-part Zoom series with Rabbi Shmuly Yanklowitz: “20 Talmudic Stories Every Jew Should Know.” Each class brings to life a powerful narrative from the Talmud—stories of courage, curiosity, compassion, conflict, and transformation. Rabbi Yanklowitz will guide participants through the historical context, spiritual meaning, and ethical challenges embedded in each tale, revealing how these ancient narratives still speak urgently to the modern Jewish experience. Whether you're a seasoned learner or brand new to Talmud study, you'll find yourself captivated by the richness and relevance of these stories.More than just storytelling, this series is an invitation to think, question, and grow. Each session will create space for thoughtful discussion, personal reflection, and practical takeaways to elevate daily life, relationships, and spiritual practice. Connect with a vibrant community of learners, deepen your understanding of Jewish tradition, and be energized by Rabbi Yanklowitz's uniquely passionate, inclusive, and justice-centered approach to Torah. These are stories that shape who we are—and who we can become. Join us and let them inspire you.Attend these classes live over Zoom by becoming a member for $18 per class: https://www.valleybeitmidrash.org/become-a-member.------------------Stay Connected with Valley Beit Midrash:• Website: https://www.valleybeitmidrash.org• Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ValleyBeitMidrash ★ Support this podcast ★

Learn the daily portion of Rambam's Mishneh Torah, 3 chapters a day, with Rabbi Avraham Zajac, a renowned Talmudic scholar and master teacher.

On today's page, Chullin 104, the rabbis ask just how far the prohibition against mixing meat and milk really extends. Their debate over chicken and cheese becomes a master class in Talmudic reasoning—and a reminder that even our most familiar traditions invite us to ask why. So what, exactly, is wrong with chicken parm? Listen and find out. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

If you agree to a price and the market suddenly moves, can you simply change your mind? This class explores the Talmudic rules of keeping your word in business

Learn the daily portion of Rambam's Mishneh Torah, 3 chapters a day, with Rabbi Avraham Zajac, a renowned Talmudic scholar and master teacher.

Learn the daily portion of Rambam's Mishneh Torah, 3 chapters a day, with Rabbi Avraham Zajac, a renowned Talmudic scholar and master teacher.

The Shulhan Aruch (Orah Haim 3:10) writes – based on the Gemara in Masechet Berachot (62) – that when one cleans himself after defecating, he should use specifically his left hand. The Gemara brings several reasons for this rule. One reason is that people ordinarily eat with their right hand, so it would be inappropriate to use the same hand for cleaning oneself. A second reason is that one uses his right hand when writing Torah matters. Another reason is that in the synagogue, the person signaling the cantillation notes for the Torah reader uses his right hand. Others explain this rule based on the Torah's description of G-d having given us the Torah with His "right," as it were ("Mi'ymino Esh Dat Lamo" – Debarim 33:2). Finally, one uses his right hand to wrap Tefillin around his left arm, and so this hand should not be used also for cleaning oneself. Even when cleaning with the left hand, one should not use the middle finger, as the Tefillin is wrapped around that finger. The Poskim debate the question of whether these laws apply to women, who do not wear Tefillin, and do not write Torah or signal to the Torah reader. Rav Yisrael Bitan concludes that it is proper for women to abide by this Halacha. When it comes to left-handed individuals, most of the reasons given in the Gemara would require them to do just the opposite – to use the right arm. The exception is the reason associating this practice with Hashem's having given the Torah with His "right." Regardless, the general consensus among the Poskim is that a left-handed person should clean himself with his right hand. A number of Poskim – including Rav Yaakov Emden (Germany, 1697-1776) and the Eshel Avraham (Rabbi Avraham David Wahrman of Buchach, 1771-1840) – maintained that this entire discussion applies only when one cleans himself with his bare hand. In ancient times, people did not necessarily have materials with which to clean themselves, and so they would sometimes use their bare hands. The Gemara thus established that it would be inappropriate to use the right hand for this purpose, as it would come in direct contact with excrement. Today, however, when people use paper, and the fingers do not directly touch the excrement, one may use either hand. This is the implication also of the comments of Rav Shneur Zalman of Liadi (founding Rebbe of Lubavitch, 1745-1812). Rav Shlomo Gantzfried (Ukraine, 1804-1886), in his Kisur Shulhan Aruch, disputed this view, asserting that in Talmudic times, too, people used materials to clean themselves and did not use their bare hands. Likewise, the Birkat Yehuda argued that since the Gemara makes no mention of such a distinction, we must assume that this Halacha applies regardless of whether one cleans with a material or with his bare hand. Rav Yisrael Bitan refuted this argument, noting that in Talmudic times, even when people used materials to clean themselves, it was all but inevitable that their fingers would directly touch the excrement in the process. When one uses modern-day toilet paper, however, this does not happen, and so it might be permissible to use the right hand. The Sitz Eliezer (Rav Eliezer Waldenberg, Jerusalem, 1915-2006) followed the lenient opinion, and allowed cleaning oneself with either hand if he uses paper. Hacham David Yosef, in Halacha Berura, writes that if one finds it difficult to clean with his right hand, he may use his left hand. It must be emphasized that the highest priority is that the cleaning is thorough. As we've discussed, Halacha forbids learning Torah, praying or reciting Berachot if even a small amount of excrement is on the body, and thus one must ensure to clean himself thoroughly. According to all opinions, if cleaning with the left hand will compromise one's ability to clean himself properly, then he should use his right hand. Rav Yisrael Bitan writes that it stands to reason that this applies also when cleaning an infant in the process of changing a diaper, as there seems to be no reason to distinguish between cleaning oneself and cleaning somebody else. However, Rav Bitan adds, this would apply only when the child has begun eating solid foods. When a child only drinks milk, the bodily waste is not halachically regarded as filth, and we may thus assume that he can be cleaned with either hand. Once the child begins eating solid food, however, cleaning the infant should be no different than cleaning oneself, and the aforementioned Halacha should thus apply. Of course, since baby wipes are normally used, one who wishes may rely on the leniency noted above permitting the use of either hand if there is no direct contact with the excrement. The Poskim write that this entire discussion relates specifically to cleaning excrement. It is permissible to use either hand to kill an insect, to take out the garbage, and even to wipe drops of urine that had fallen on one's skin. Likewise, a plumber may use either hand when opening and repairing sewage pipes. Summary: A person should preferably use his left hand to clean himself after defecating, but should avoid using the middle finger of his left hand. A left-handed person should use his right hand and avoid using the middle finger on that hand. This applies also when cleaning somebody else, such as when changing an infant's diaper. However, some Poskim maintain that this entire discussion does not apply nowadays, when people clean themselves with paper and do not come in direct contact with excrement, and one who wishes may rely on this leniency. The most important consideration is ensuring that one cleans himself thoroughly.

Learn the daily portion of Rambam's Mishneh Torah, 3 chapters a day, with Rabbi Avraham Zajac, a renowned Talmudic scholar and master teacher.

Learn the daily portion of Rambam's Mishneh Torah, 3 chapters a day, with Rabbi Avraham Zajac, a renowned Talmudic scholar and master teacher.

Learn the daily portion of Rambam's Mishneh Torah, 3 chapters a day, with Rabbi Avraham Zajac, a renowned Talmudic scholar and master teacher.

Learn the daily portion of Rambam's Mishneh Torah, 3 chapters a day, with Rabbi Avraham Zajac, a renowned Talmudic scholar and master teacher.

Learn the daily portion of Rambam's Mishneh Torah, 3 chapters a day, with Rabbi Avraham Zajac, a renowned Talmudic scholar and master teacher.

Learn the daily portion of Rambam's Mishneh Torah, 3 chapters a day, with Rabbi Avraham Zajac, a renowned Talmudic scholar and master teacher.

Discover the depth, drama, and enduring wisdom of the Talmud in this inspiring new 20-part Zoom series with Rabbi Shmuly Yanklowitz: “20 Talmudic Stories Every Jew Should Know.” Each class brings to life a powerful narrative from the Talmud—stories of courage, curiosity, compassion, conflict, and transformation. Rabbi Yanklowitz will guide participants through the historical context, spiritual meaning, and ethical challenges embedded in each tale, revealing how these ancient narratives still speak urgently to the modern Jewish experience. Whether you're a seasoned learner or brand new to Talmud study, you'll find yourself captivated by the richness and relevance of these stories.More than just storytelling, this series is an invitation to think, question, and grow. Each session will create space for thoughtful discussion, personal reflection, and practical takeaways to elevate daily life, relationships, and spiritual practice. Connect with a vibrant community of learners, deepen your understanding of Jewish tradition, and be energized by Rabbi Yanklowitz's uniquely passionate, inclusive, and justice-centered approach to Torah. These are stories that shape who we are—and who we can become. Join us and let them inspire you.Attend these classes live over Zoom by becoming a member for $18 per class: https://www.valleybeitmidrash.org/become-a-member.------------------Stay Connected with Valley Beit Midrash:• Website: https://www.valleybeitmidrash.org• Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ValleyBeitMidrash ★ Support this podcast ★

When the Torah warns us in Parshat Eikev about forgetting God due to arrogance, it pinpoints the exact root of that pride: accumulating great wealth and concluding, " כֹּחִי וְעֹצֶם יָדִי עָשָׂה לִי אֶת הַחַיל הַזֶּה " ("My strength and the power of my hand made me this chayil "). What does chayil mean here? Ramban explains that chayil refers to war (as in Chaylei Tzahal , the Israel Defense Forces). Under this interpretation, the verse describes someone boasting, "My success in battle was achieved through my own strength." Instead, the Torah instructs us to remember: " כִּי ה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ הוּא הַנֹּתֵן לְךָ כֹּחַ לַעֲשׂוֹת חָיִל " ("It is Hashem your God who gives you the strength to achieve military victory"). Ramban notes that while Jewish soldiers are capable and powerful fighters, they must recognize that their strength originates from God to avoid falling into arrogance. This illustrates a vital principle: although we must put in our hishtadlut (practical effort)—and we may execute it skillfully enough to veil the underlying divine intervention—we must always remember that the success remains a miracle. A striking example of hishtadlut and victory comes from modern history: the famous raid on Entebbe. Operation Entebbe (Operation Yonatan) On the night of July 3–4, 1976, the IDF executed Operation Thunderbolt, a daring commando mission that rescued 102 hostages held at Entebbe International Airport in Uganda. The crisis began when an Air France flight from Tel Aviv to Paris was hijacked by Palestinian and German terrorists and diverted to Uganda. The hijackers separated the Israeli and Jewish passengers from the rest, holding over 100 captives while demanding the release of imprisoned militants. Idi Amin's Israeli Connection Uganda's dictator, Idi Amin, welcomed the hijackers and deployed Ugandan troops to assist them. Ironically, Amin had close historical ties to Israel: Military Training: In the 1960s, Amin underwent officer and paratrooper training in Israel under IDF instructors. Israeli Contacts: During the crisis, Israeli officials attempted to leverage Amin's personal friendship with retired IDF Colonel Baruch "Burka" Bar-Lev, who phoned Amin repeatedly to negotiate the release of the hostages. However, Amin used the situation for international posturing and refused to free the captives. The Mercedes-Benz Decoy Strategy Because Entebbe was over 2,500 miles (4,000 km) from Israel, surprise was critical to prevent guards and hijackers from killing the hostages before commandos could reach the terminal. The Scheme: Israeli intelligence knew Idi Amin frequently visited the airport in a black Mercedes-Benz 600 escorted by Land Rovers. The Execution: The assault team, led by Lt. Col. Yonatan Netanyahu (older brother of Benjamin Netanyahu), loaded a black Mercedes styled to mimic Amin's official vehicle into the lead C-130 transport plane. The Assault: Upon landing under cover of darkness, the commandos drove the Mercedes and Land Rovers directly toward the terminal. The ruse bought precious time, allowing the assault force to approach the building before Ugandan guards realized what was happening. The Outcome Hostages Rescued: 102 of 106 hostages were safely evacuated. Enemy Casualties: All seven hijackers and approximately 45 Ugandan soldiers were killed. Three hostages died in the crossfire during the raid, and a fourth (Dora Bloch) was later murdered in a Ugandan hospital on Amin's orders. IDF Losses: Lt. Col. Yonatan Netanyahu was the sole Israeli military fatality. Tactical Impact: Commandos destroyed several Ugandan MiG fighter jets on the tarmac to prevent pursuit during takeoff. This 53-minute ground raid remains one of the most famous special operations in modern military history. Despite the tragic loss of Yonatan Netanyahu, the operation was celebrated as a monumental victory. I recall a student arriving at my elementary school the following week wearing a T-shirt featuring Idi Amin saluting, captioned: Kol Hakavod leTzahal ("All respect to the Israeli Army"). While the IDF displayed extraordinary bravery, preparation, and skill, we must keep the ultimate source of success in mind: " כִּי הוּא הַנֹּתֵן לְךָ כֹּחַ לַעֲשׂוֹת חָיִל " ("For it is He who gives you the strength to achieve success"). Therefore, the ultimate praise belongs to God: Kol Hakavod laHashem . As the verse states, " לִכְבוֹדִי בְּרָאתִיו " ("I created it for My glory")—the world was created so that we might recognize and reflect God's honor. We say " בָּרוּךְ כְּבוֹד ה' מִמְּקוֹמוֹ " ("Blessed is the glory of Hashem from His place") and " בָּרוּךְ שֵׁם כְּבוֹד מַלְכוּתוֹ לְעוֹלָם וָעֶד " ("Blessed be the name of His glorious kingdom forever and ever"). Ultimately, all honor for our achievements returns to Him. That is the first explanation of chayil . A second explanation defines chayil as the amassing of financial wealth. When someone builds a fortune, they often attribute it entirely to their own acumen, leading to pride. Notice what Targum Onkelos says on " כִּי הוּא הַנֹּתֵן לְךָ כֹּחַ לַעֲשׂוֹת חָיִל ": God does not merely give you physical energy to go to work; " הוּא יָהֵב לָךְ עֵצָה לְמִקְנֵי נִכְסִין "—He gives you the ideas and insight to acquire property. You might think your business success stems from your brilliant choice of strategy, brand, or market entry, but those insights originate with God. As the verse teaches: " רַבּוֹת מַחֲשָׁבוֹת בְּלֶב אִישׁ וַעֲצַת ה' הִיא תָקוּם " ("There are many thoughts in a man's heart, but it is Hashem's counsel that stands"). The good decisions that yield your success are ultimately God's ideas brought to fruition. It is human nature to point fingers at areas that do not apply to us directly. As a rabbi who neither runs a corporate enterprise nor serves as a frontline soldier, I could easily look at businessmen and warriors and say, "What is wrong with you? Don't you realize God gives you your strength and wealth?" It is easy to lecture others on spiritual flaws when we aren't tested in those same areas. (Brief pause due to an emergency call—returning to the topic now.) Why do we find it so easy to judge others when we have no skin in the game? There is a well-known parable about a man applying to join the Communist Party. The interviewer asks: "If you had two houses, would you give one to Mother Russia?" "Of course!" he replies. "If you had two cars, would you give one?" "Without hesitation!" "If you had two coats, would you give one?" "No way." "Why not?" asks the interviewer. "Because I actually have two coats!" In theory, loyalty is effortless. When an obligation touches our actual possessions or lifestyle, our perspective shifts. So it is easy for an observer to ask why soldiers or entrepreneurs do not attribute their success to God. However, self-examination requires looking deeper. The prophet Yirmiyahu identifies three distinct areas where people take self-righteous pride (a passage read on Tisha B'Av, a day centered on the consequences of forgetting God): " אַל יִתְהַלֵּל חָכָם בְּחָכְמָתוֹ וְאַל יִתְהַלֵּל הַגִּבּוֹר בִּגְבוּרָתוֹ אַל יִתְהַלֵּל עָשִׁיר בְּעָשְׁרוֹ " ("Let not the wise man glory in his wisdom, nor the mighty man in his might, nor the rich man in his riches"). Instead, " כִּי אִם בְּזֹאת יִתְהַלֵּל הַמִּתְהַלֵּל הַשְׂכֵּל וְיָדֹעַ אוֹתִי " ("Let him who glories glory in this: that he understands and knows Me"). What did we personally construct to earn that glory? Our Sages teach: " הַכֹּל בִּידֵי שָׁמַיִם חוּץ מִיִּרְאַת שָׁמַיִם " ("Everything is in the hands of Heaven except the fear of Heaven"). As the verse states, " מָה ה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ שֹׁאֵל מֵעִמָּךְ כִּי אִם לְיִרְאָה " ("What does Hashem your God ask of you, except to fear Him"). When you close a profitable deal, recover your health, or arrive at a brilliant insight in Torah study, that clarity originates from God. Does this mean we carry no moral accountability for our actions? Of course not. God provides human beings with energy and mental capacity, but our moral choices remain entirely ours. God grants us the physical ability to speak, but whether we choose to speak Lashon Hara (derogatory speech) or refrain from it is our own moral decision. God does not compel us to sin. To understand human temptation on a deeper level: prior to Adam's sin, evil was entirely external to humanity (represented by the serpent outside of man). After the sin, evil became internalized within the human psyche. When an internal voice prompts someone to speak Lashon Hara , that voice is not divine inspiration; it is the internalized influence of the serpent ( Yetzer Hara ). God created those opposing forces to preserve free choice. We cannot blame God for our wrongdoing—we chose to listen to the temptation rather than to God's command. Divine inspiration grants us the constructive ideas for success, strength, and financial breakthrough; moral choice determines whether we obey God's laws. These three arenas of pride are visible even in early childhood. I once walked with my first-grade grandson and asked him, "What makes a kid cool in school?" He listed three traits: Athletic ability: Being good at sports. Possessions: Having cool gear (like bringing the best basketball to the playground). Academics: Getting top marks on tests. Even in elementary school, the baseline metrics of social prestige mirror the biblical categories: Sports capability represents Gibbor (strength). Possessions represent Ashir (wealth). High test scores represent Chacham (wisdom). Every individual—whether a business executive, a rabbi, or a stay-at-home parent—must recognize that achievements in these areas stem from God. The central spiritual struggle is internalizing this truth to prevent arrogance. When it comes to finance, cause and effect do not always operate linearly. Effort invested in one area often yields results from an unexpected direction. Consider the well-known story of yeshiva students who spent a day soliciting donations and returned empty-handed. The next morning, the Rosh Yeshiva thanked them for their hard work. They protested, "Why are you thanking us? We brought in no money." The Rosh Yeshiva replied, "An anonymous donor just walked in and gave a massive contribution. That happened because of the effort you put in yesterday." Your dedicated effort ( hishtadlut ) triggers divine reward, though often through channels you never anticipated. This explains the Talmudic maxim: " יָגַעְתָּ וּמָצָאתָ תַּאֲמִין " ("If a person says, 'I have toiled and I have found,' believe him"). Why does the Sages' phrase use the word "found" ( matzata ) rather than "produced" or "earned"? Because even after rigorous toil, the ultimate success arrives like a metzia (a lost object found unexpectedly). There is no automatic, mechanical correlation between our input and the output—especially in financial matters. While we easily understand this dynamic in business, how does it apply to wisdom ( Chacham ) and physical strength ( Gibbor )? When someone studies a complex topic and masters it, or adheres to a workout regimen and gets fit, they naturally feel a direct cause-and-effect relationship. Next, we will explore the challenges of strength and wisdom, and how we can avoid arrogance when taking pride in those accomplishments.

Learn the daily portion of Rambam's Mishneh Torah, 3 chapters a day, with Rabbi Avraham Zajac, a renowned Talmudic scholar and master teacher.

The Shulhan Aruch (91:5) brings the opinion among the Rishonim that it is forbidden to recite a Beracha with one's head uncovered. Others, however, including the Maharshal (Rav Shlomo Luria, Poland, 1510-1573), ruled leniently, and maintained that it is technically permissible to recite a Beracha bareheaded. Some drew proof to this opinion from the Gemara's listing of the morning blessings, which, it appears, were recited in Talmudic times not all together (as we recite them today), but as one experienced each phenomenon – such as reciting "Poke'ah Ivrim" upon opening one'is eyes, "Zokef Kefufim" when standing out of bed, and so on. One of the blessings on this list is "Oter Yisrael Be'Tifara," which one recites when covering his head – seemingly indicating that the previous blessings were recited bareheaded, before the head-covering was placed. Hacham Ovadia Yosef noted that the Shulhan Aruch himself appears to contradict his stringent ruling. The Hida (Rav Haim Yosef David Azulai, 1724-1806) claims that the Shulhan Aruch did not definitively forbid reciting a Beracha bareheaded, as he merely mentions that there were those who maintained this opinion. In light of all of this, Hacham Ovadia concluded that although one should certainly abide by the stringent view and wear a Kippa whenever he recites a Beracha or prays, after the fact, if one prayed or recited a Beracha bareheaded, he does not need to repeat the prayer or Beracha. Thus, for example, if someone prayed alone at home (where there was nobody to point out to him that he was bareheaded), and afterward he realized that he was not wearing a Kippa, he does not need to repeat the prayer. This was also the position of Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (Jerusalem, 1910-1995). Rav Moshe Feinstein (1895-1986) ruled stringently in this regard, maintaining that a prayer recited bareheaded is unacceptable and must therefore be repeated with a head-covering. This is not, however, the consensus opinion. An interesting question arises in the case of a person who hears thunder or sees lightening while bareheaded. Halacha requires reciting the Beracha "She'koho U'gburato Maleh Olam" upon hearing thunder, and the Beracha "Oseh Ma'aseh Bereshit" upon seeing lightening. Our custom, based on the Ben Ish Hai (Rav Yosef Haim of Baghdad, 1833-1909), is to recite these Berachot without the Name of Hashem (omitting the words "Hashem Elokenu Melech Ha'olam"). The Ben Ish Hai reasoned that since the Beracha needs to be recited within a second or two of hearing the thunder or seeing the lightening, one is very likely to miss the time for its recitation, and if he recites it after the time, his blessing would constitute a Beracha Le'batala (blessing recited in vain). It is therefore preferable as a measure of caution to always recite these Berachot without Hashem's Name. Hacham Ovadia Yosef, however, disagreed, and maintained that one should make an effort to recite the Beracha immediately after hearing thunder or seeing lightening, and recite the entire text of the Beracha. If a person hears thunder or sees lightening while he is bareheaded, he will likely miss the time for reciting the Beracha if he first puts on his Kippa. Hacham Ovadia ruled that in such a case, one may rely on the opinion that permits reciting a Beracha bareheaded, in order not to lose the opportunity to recite a Beracha. Preferably, though, one should put his hand on his head when reciting the Beracha, because there is a view among the Poskim that one's own hand qualifies as a head-covering. Although Halacha does not follow that view, it is preferable to use one's hand as a head-covering if he does not have the opportunity to put on a Kippa. As mentioned, however, our practice is to recite these Berachot without Hashem's Name, in which case it is certainly acceptable to recite them before putting on a Kippa. Summary: If one realized after praying that his head was bare during his prayer, the prayer is nevertheless valid and does not need to be repeated.

In this lesson from the Gate of Repentance (Shaar HaTeshuvah), Rabbi Aryeh Wolbe explores one of the Torah's gravest prohibitions: Chillul Hashem—the desecration of Hashem's Name. The Talmud teaches that even seemingly minor actions can become a desecration when performed by someone whom others view as a Torah representative. A rabbi who delays paying a bill, appears lax in mitzvah observance, or behaves carelessly can unintentionally encourage others to imitate that conduct. Rabbi Wolbe explains that our actions are never isolated; they influence everyone watching us. Every Jew has the opportunity either to elevate Hashem's Name or, Heaven forbid, diminish it in the eyes of others.The lesson continues by explaining the importance of building protective barriers against temptation. Rabbi Wolbe clarifies a famous Talmudic passage instructing a person overwhelmed by temptation to go somewhere unfamiliar dressed in black. The purpose is not to permit sin, but to create enough obstacles that the impulse loses its power before any transgression occurs. Just as filters on electronic devices, counting before reacting in anger, or avoiding situations of temptation make poor decisions less likely, spiritual growth often depends on creating practical safeguards that keep the yetzer hara from gaining momentum.Finally, Rabbi Wolbe contrasts Chillul Hashem with its glorious opposite: Kiddush Hashem, sanctifying Hashem's Name. Every mitzvah performed with integrity brings honor to the Torah, while those who sacrifice themselves because they are Jewish achieve the highest form of sanctification. He reflects on recent Jewish victims of terrorism and recalls Rabbi Akiva's joyous acceptance of martyrdom as the ultimate fulfillment of loving Hashem "with all your soul." The episode concludes with the inspiring reminder that every Jew, through daily choices both public and private, has the ability to bring greater honor to Hashem and illuminate His presence in the world._____________This Podcast Series is Generously Underwritten by Peter & Becky BotvinRecorded at TORCH Centre in the Levin Family Studios (B) to a live audience on December 22, 2025, in Houston, Texas.Released as Podcast on July 24, 2026_____________This series on Orchos Tzadikim/Ways of the Righteous is produced in partnership with Hachzek.Join the revolution of daily Mussar study at hachzek.com.We are using the Treasure of Life edition of the Orchos Tzadikkim (Published by Feldheim)_____________Listen, Subscribe & Share: Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/jewish-inspiration-podcast-rabbi-aryeh-wolbe/id1476610783Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/4r0KfjMzmCNQbiNaZBCSU7) to stay inspired! Share your questions at aw@torchweb.org or visit torchweb.org for more Torah content.  _____________About the Host:Rabbi Aryeh Wolbe, Director of TORCH in Houston, brings decades of Torah scholarship to guide listeners in applying Jewish wisdom to daily life.  To directly send your questions, comments, and feedback, please email: awolbe@torchweb.org_____________Support Our Mission:Our Mission is Connecting Jews & Judaism. Help us spread Judaism globally by sponsoring an episode at torchweb.org.Your support makes a HUGE difference!_____________Listen MoreOther podcasts by Rabbi Aryeh Wolbe: NEW!! Hey Rabbi! Podcast: https://heyrabbi.transistor.fm/episodesPrayer Podcast: https://prayerpodcast.transistor.fm/episodesJewish Inspiration Podcast: https://inspiration.transistor.fm/episodesParsha Review Podcast: https://parsha.transistor.fm/episodesLiving Jewishly Podcast: https://jewishly.transistor.fm/episodesThinking Talmudist Podcast: https://talmud.transistor.fm/episodesUnboxing Judaism Podcast: https://unboxing.transistor.fm/episodesRabbi Aryeh Wolbe Podcast Collection: https://collection.transistor.fm/episodesFor a full listing of podcasts available by TORCH at http://podcast.torchweb.orgv_____________Keywords:#JewishInspiration, #Mussar, #MasterClass, #Repentance, #Teshuva ★ Support this podcast ★

In this lesson from the Gate of Repentance (Shaar HaTeshuvah), Rabbi Aryeh Wolbe explores one of the Torah's gravest prohibitions: Chillul Hashem—the desecration of Hashem's Name. The Talmud teaches that even seemingly minor actions can become a desecration when performed by someone whom others view as a Torah representative. A rabbi who delays paying a bill, appears lax in mitzvah observance, or behaves carelessly can unintentionally encourage others to imitate that conduct. Rabbi Wolbe explains that our actions are never isolated; they influence everyone watching us. Every Jew has the opportunity either to elevate Hashem's Name or, Heaven forbid, diminish it in the eyes of others.The lesson continues by explaining the importance of building protective barriers against temptation. Rabbi Wolbe clarifies a famous Talmudic passage instructing a person overwhelmed by temptation to go somewhere unfamiliar dressed in black. The purpose is not to permit sin, but to create enough obstacles that the impulse loses its power before any transgression occurs. Just as filters on electronic devices, counting before reacting in anger, or avoiding situations of temptation make poor decisions less likely, spiritual growth often depends on creating practical safeguards that keep the yetzer hara from gaining momentum.Finally, Rabbi Wolbe contrasts Chillul Hashem with its glorious opposite: Kiddush Hashem, sanctifying Hashem's Name. Every mitzvah performed with integrity brings honor to the Torah, while those who sacrifice themselves because they are Jewish achieve the highest form of sanctification. He reflects on recent Jewish victims of terrorism and recalls Rabbi Akiva's joyous acceptance of martyrdom as the ultimate fulfillment of loving Hashem "with all your soul." The episode concludes with the inspiring reminder that every Jew, through daily choices both public and private, has the ability to bring greater honor to Hashem and illuminate His presence in the world._____________This Podcast Series is Generously Underwritten by Peter & Becky BotvinRecorded at TORCH Centre in the Levin Family Studios (B) to a live audience on December 22, 2025, in Houston, Texas.Released as Podcast on July 24, 2026_____________This series on Orchos Tzadikim/Ways of the Righteous is produced in partnership with Hachzek.Join the revolution of daily Mussar study at hachzek.com.We are using the Treasure of Life edition of the Orchos Tzadikkim (Published by Feldheim)_____________Listen, Subscribe & Share: Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/jewish-inspiration-podcast-rabbi-aryeh-wolbe/id1476610783Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/4r0KfjMzmCNQbiNaZBCSU7) to stay inspired! Share your questions at aw@torchweb.org or visit torchweb.org for more Torah content.  _____________About the Host:Rabbi Aryeh Wolbe, Director of TORCH in Houston, brings decades of Torah scholarship to guide listeners in applying Jewish wisdom to daily life.  To directly send your questions, comments, and feedback, please email: awolbe@torchweb.org_____________Support Our Mission:Our Mission is Connecting Jews & Judaism. Help us spread Judaism globally by sponsoring an episode at torchweb.org.Your support makes a HUGE difference!_____________Listen MoreOther podcasts by Rabbi Aryeh Wolbe: NEW!! Hey Rabbi! Podcast: https://heyrabbi.transistor.fm/episodesPrayer Podcast: https://prayerpodcast.transistor.fm/episodesJewish Inspiration Podcast: https://inspiration.transistor.fm/episodesParsha Review Podcast: https://parsha.transistor.fm/episodesLiving Jewishly Podcast: https://jewishly.transistor.fm/episodesThinking Talmudist Podcast: https://talmud.transistor.fm/episodesUnboxing Judaism Podcast: https://unboxing.transistor.fm/episodesRabbi Aryeh Wolbe Podcast Collection: https://collection.transistor.fm/episodesFor a full listing of podcasts available by TORCH at http://podcast.torchweb.orgv_____________Keywords:#JewishInspiration, #Mussar, #MasterClass, #Repentance, #Teshuva ★ Support this podcast ★

The big difference between Judaism and Christianity re: Proselytizing. Origin of the Talmudic concept of עֵרֶב רַב?

On today's pages, Chullin 71 and 72⁠, the Talmud's discussion of ritual purity becomes an opportunity to reflect on memory, legacy, and the responsibility to preserve our greatest treasures. Recorded around a barbecue table in upstate New York, this special summer series with Rabbi Dovid Bashevkin and producer Josh Kross celebrates the launch of Talmud Daily⁠, a new home for generations of Talmudic learning. How do we ensure that what matters most outlives us? Listen and find out.

[This episode originally aired on July 29, 2024] Hi everyone, welcome to another episode of The Chai on Life Podcast. I'm Alex Segal and today, we are speaking with Dr. Hilla Aboody, an amazing teacher, mother, wife and mentor currently living in Eretz Yisrael who I invited to come on to speak about this heavy time on the Jewish calendar.Hilla has such a beautiful way of explaining things — it's so deep and profound yet easy to comprehend at the same time.A little background on her:She is a wife and mother of five, living in Eretz Yisrael after making Aliyah 7 years ago from Brooklyn, NY. She is a teacher and Em Bayit (house mother) at Midreshet Eshel, a Sephardic seminary for post High school students from around the world. Her educational background includes studying at Michlalah and receiving her bachelor's degree from Bar-Ilan University and a Master's and PhD in Jewish History from New York University. She has published her study on Eliyahu the Prophet in Talmudic literature and midrashim in her book, “Through the Prism of Wisdom”. As an educator and kallah teacher, Hilla dedicates her time in guiding students to creating a relationship with Hashem and tips and tools to thrive in their marriages and in life.In our conversation, we speak about:-What the Jewish perspective is on sadness and pain-How we can connect to Hashem during this time and in this unique way, especially if it feels daunting for you right now-Why this particular time period brings about more heaviness and actually the reason why we take more precautions-The rich energy that lies in the months of Tammuz and Av — what the letters associated with each month mean, why the sense of each month is important and what we can individually and collectively take from all of that-Why crying is actually a sign of bravery-Practical things you can do now to get through this time with more faith, in a more connected way to yourself, Hashem and those around you-How to deal with difficult emotions with your kids…and SO MUCH MOREThis podcast with Hilla is basically an hour long shiur. I got chills like 17 times as I was listening to her and it's definitely one of the most important ones I've done so far in terms of our spirituality.If there is someone you want to see on The Chai on Life Podcast, email me at ⁠alex@chaionlifemag.com⁠ or send me a DM @chaionlifemag. Thanks again, see you next week!

Watch the Sneak Peek of this Support Team Study: Talmudic Judaism & the New Testament, where Nehemia and Prof. Lawrence Schiffman discuss the importance of the New Testament as a witness to Jewish history, as well as how the Talmud … Continue reading → The post SNEAK PEEK! Talmudic Judaism & the New Testament appeared first on Nehemia's Wall.

In this episode of the Thinking Talmudist, Rabbi Aryeh Wolbe continues the Talmud's discussion in Tractate Kesubos (68a), examining the Torah's delicate balance between compassion for the needy and responsibility in the distribution of charity. The Gemara addresses those who fraudulently portray themselves as impoverished or disabled in order to receive charity, teaching that dishonesty in seeking assistance ultimately carries severe spiritual consequences. Rabbi Wolbe emphasizes that Judaism is built on trust, integrity, and personal responsibility, warning that manipulating the generosity of others not only harms the community but also distances a person from Hashem. The discussion then explores the fascinating Talmudic definition of poverty. Rabbi Wolbe explains that the Torah does not require a struggling individual to sacrifice every possession or abandon their dignity before qualifying for communal assistance. While obvious luxuries should be sold before relying on public charity, essential possessions and basic human dignity are protected. The Sages recognized that preserving a person's self-respect is itself an act of compassion. At the same time, they insist that those seeking assistance must act honestly and never exploit the generosity of the community. The episode concludes by broadening the conversation into a discussion of human dignity, trust in Hashem, and proper priorities. Rabbi Wolbe contrasts dependence on wealth with dependence on Divine Providence, sharing personal stories that illustrate how Hashem provides in unexpected ways. Whether discussing financial aid, family responsibilities, or raising children, the underlying message is that while we must act responsibly, we should never allow financial fears to overshadow our trust in Hashem. True wealth is measured not only by what we possess, but by our integrity, gratitude, and confidence that the Almighty provides for those who place their trust in Him._____________The Thinking Talmudist Podcast shares select teachings of Talmud in a fresh, insightful and meaningful way. Many claim that they cannot learn Talmud because it is in ancient Aramaic or the concepts are too difficult. Well, no more excuses. In this podcast you will experience the refreshing and eye-opening teachings while gaining an amazing appreciation for the divine wisdom of the Torah and the depths of the Talmud._____________This Podcast Series is Generously Underwritten by David & Susan MarbinRecorded at TORCH Meyerland in the Levin Family Studios (B) to a live audience on May 29, 2026, in Houston, Texas.Released as Podcast on June 30, 2026_____________Listen, Subscribe & Share: Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/thinking-talmudist-podcast-rabbi-aryeh-wolbe/id1648951154Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/0cZ7q9bGYSBYSPQfJvwgzmShare your questions at aw@torchweb.org or visit torchweb.org for more Torah content._____________About the Host:Rabbi Aryeh Wolbe, Director of TORCH in Houston, brings decades of Torah scholarship to guide listeners in applying Jewish wisdom to daily life.  To directly send your questions, comments, and feedback, please email: awolbe@torchweb.org_____________Support Our Mission:Help us share Jewish wisdom globally by sponsoring an episode at torchweb.org. Your support makes a difference!_____________Listen MoreOther podcasts by Rabbi Aryeh Wolbe: NEW!! Hey Rabbi! Podcast: https://heyrabbi.transistor.fm/episodesPrayer Podcast: https://prayerpodcast.transistor.fm/episodesJewish Inspiration Podcast: https://inspiration.transistor.fm/episodesParsha Review Podcast: https://parsha.transistor.fm/episodesLiving Jewishly Podcast: https://jewishly.transistor.fm/episodesThinking Talmudist Podcast: https://talmud.transistor.fm/episodesUnboxing Judaism Podcast: https://unboxing.transistor.fm/episodesRabbi Aryeh Wolbe Podcast Collection: https://collection.transistor.fm/episodesFor a full listing of podcasts available by TORCH at http://podcast.torchweb.org_____________Keywords:#Talmud,  #Gemara, #Kesubos, #Rainmaker, #Faith, #Emunah, #Honesty, #JewishWisdom, #Tzedakah, #Charity, #HumanDignity, #Integrity, #Honesty, #TrustInHashem, #Bitachon, #Emunah, #FinancialWisdom, #ActsOfKindness, #Compassion, #LiveWithIntegrity ★ Support this podcast ★

In this episode of the Thinking Talmudist, Rabbi Aryeh Wolbe continues the Talmud's discussion in Tractate Kesubos (68a), examining the Torah's delicate balance between compassion for the needy and responsibility in the distribution of charity. The Gemara addresses those who fraudulently portray themselves as impoverished or disabled in order to receive charity, teaching that dishonesty in seeking assistance ultimately carries severe spiritual consequences. Rabbi Wolbe emphasizes that Judaism is built on trust, integrity, and personal responsibility, warning that manipulating the generosity of others not only harms the community but also distances a person from Hashem. The discussion then explores the fascinating Talmudic definition of poverty. Rabbi Wolbe explains that the Torah does not require a struggling individual to sacrifice every possession or abandon their dignity before qualifying for communal assistance. While obvious luxuries should be sold before relying on public charity, essential possessions and basic human dignity are protected. The Sages recognized that preserving a person's self-respect is itself an act of compassion. At the same time, they insist that those seeking assistance must act honestly and never exploit the generosity of the community. The episode concludes by broadening the conversation into a discussion of human dignity, trust in Hashem, and proper priorities. Rabbi Wolbe contrasts dependence on wealth with dependence on Divine Providence, sharing personal stories that illustrate how Hashem provides in unexpected ways. Whether discussing financial aid, family responsibilities, or raising children, the underlying message is that while we must act responsibly, we should never allow financial fears to overshadow our trust in Hashem. True wealth is measured not only by what we possess, but by our integrity, gratitude, and confidence that the Almighty provides for those who place their trust in Him. _____________The Thinking Talmudist Podcast shares select teachings of Talmud in a fresh, insightful and meaningful way. Many claim that they cannot learn Talmud because it is in ancient Aramaic or the concepts are too difficult. Well, no more excuses. In this podcast you will experience the refreshing and eye-opening teachings while gaining an amazing appreciation for the divine wisdom of the Torah and the depths of the Talmud._____________This Podcast Series is Generously Underwritten by David & Susan MarbinRecorded at TORCH Meyerland in the Levin Family Studios (B) to a live audience on May 29, 2026, in Houston, Texas.Released as Podcast on June 30, 2026_____________Listen, Subscribe & Share: Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/thinking-talmudist-podcast-rabbi-aryeh-wolbe/id1648951154Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/0cZ7q9bGYSBYSPQfJvwgzmShare your questions at aw@torchweb.org or visit torchweb.org for more Torah content._____________About the Host:Rabbi Aryeh Wolbe, Director of TORCH in Houston, brings decades of Torah scholarship to guide listeners in applying Jewish wisdom to daily life.  To directly send your questions, comments, and feedback, please email: awolbe@torchweb.org_____________Support Our Mission:Help us share Jewish wisdom globally by sponsoring an episode at torchweb.org. Your support makes a difference!_____________Listen MoreOther podcasts by Rabbi Aryeh Wolbe: NEW!! Hey Rabbi! Podcast: https://heyrabbi.transistor.fm/episodesPrayer Podcast: https://prayerpodcast.transistor.fm/episodesJewish Inspiration Podcast: https://inspiration.transistor.fm/episodesParsha Review Podcast: https://parsha.transistor.fm/episodesLiving Jewishly Podcast: https://jewishly.transistor.fm/episodesThinking Talmudist Podcast: https://talmud.transistor.fm/episodesUnboxing Judaism Podcast: https://unboxing.transistor.fm/episodesRabbi Aryeh Wolbe Podcast Collection: https://collection.transistor.fm/episodesFor a full listing of podcasts available by TORCH at http://podcast.torchweb.org_____________Keywords:#Talmud,  #Gemara, #Kesubos, #Rainmaker, #Faith, #Emunah, #Honesty, #JewishWisdom, #Tzedakah, #Charity, #HumanDignity, #Integrity, #Honesty, #TrustInHashem, #Bitachon, #Emunah, #FinancialWisdom, #ActsOfKindness, #Compassion, #LiveWithIntegrity ★ Support this podcast ★

R' Moshe Chaim Eade Torah 4 - Shiur 12

With antisemitism and anti-Zionism on the rise, are Jews alone in today's world, or is that belief a powerful myth actively shaping Jewish identity and relationships for the worse? In this episode of TEXTing IRL, Elana Stein Hain and Rabba Rori Picker Neiss, Senior Vice President of Jewish Council for Public Affairs, read Parashat Balak to explore how questions of power, fear, and vulnerability shape Jewish relationships. Drawing on biblical text, Talmudic insight, and contemporary Jewish experience, they probe how narratives about allies and enemies are formed, how they can mislead, and what it takes to stay invested in relationships, even when partners tell us what we don't want to hear and when engagement may carry real risk.   Episode Source Sheet Watch the video version of this episode ⁠here⁠. You can now sponsor an episode of TEXTing. Click HERE to learn more.  JOIN OUR EMAIL LIST FOR MORE HARTMAN IDEAS

A review of injuries to various body parts and the implications for a kosher shechitah. Note the sages' awareness of the animals' anatomy. After all, they did open these animals up and were able to discern their inner workings. Note also the sages' verbal descriptions of the visual/physical. Also, a deeper dive into the potential perforation of the heart -- and which chamber of the heart was (presumably necessarily) perforated? And, of course, note the big loss that a treyfa discovery would mean. It wasn't a simple thing to render the meat before the shochet into non-kosher food.

In this Parsha Review of Parshas Shelach, Rabbi Aryeh Wolbe explores the tragic episode of the spies and uncovers a powerful lesson about perspective, positivity, and the way we choose to see the world. The Torah juxtaposes the story of the spies with Miriam's punishment for speaking negatively about Moshe Rabbeinu. Rashi explains that the spies witnessed Miriam's consequences yet failed to learn the lesson. Their true failure was not merely that they spoke negatively about the Land of Israel—it was that they approached the mission with a flawed perspective. When a person looks through a lens of negativity, even a land flowing with milk and honey appears frightening and impossible. A central theme of the episode is that reality is often shaped by the attitude with which we approach it. Rabbi Wolbe draws from the Talmudic discussion regarding how one praises a bride, explaining that true wisdom is learning to recognize and focus on the good that already exists. The spies saw giants, danger, and obstacles because they were looking for problems. Yehoshua and Kalev saw opportunity, promise, and Divine blessing because they were looking through eyes of faith. The difference was not the facts—they all saw the same land. The difference was perspective. Rabbi Wolbe extends this lesson to modern relationships, parenting, leadership, politics, and personal growth. Negative thinking creates a cycle where criticism breeds more criticism and conflict breeds more conflict. Positive thinking, however, creates momentum toward understanding, gratitude, and growth. Whether in marriage, family life, community leadership, or our relationship with Hashem, the challenge is to break cycles of negativity and intentionally cultivate a positive outlook. The episode concludes with a call to adjust our spiritual "glasses" so that we learn to see blessing, opportunity, and goodness where others may only see problems._____________This episode of the Parsha Review Podcast is dedicated in honor of Lenny & Teresa FriedmanDownload & Print the Parsha Review Notes:https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1ncaRyoH5iJmGGoMZs9y82Hz2ofViVouv?usp=sharingRecorded at TORCH Meyerland in the Levin Family Studios (B) to a live audience on June 12, 2026, in Houston, Texas.Released as Podcast on June 12, 2026_____________Subscribe: Apple Podcasts (https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/parsha-review-podcast-rabbi-aryeh-wolbe/id1651930083)Spotify (https://open.spotify.com/show/22lv1kXJob5ZNLaAl6CHTQ) to stay inspired! Share your questions at awolbe@torchweb.org or visit torchweb.org for more Torah content.  _____________About the Host:Rabbi Aryeh Wolbe, Director of TORCH in Houston, brings decades of Torah scholarship to guide listeners in applying Jewish wisdom to daily life.  To directly send your questions, comments, and feedback: awolbe@torchweb.org_____________Support Our Mission:Help us share Jewish wisdom globally by sponsoring an episode at torchweb.org. Your support makes a difference!_____________Subscribe and Listen to other podcasts by Rabbi Aryeh Wolbe: NEW!! Hey Rabbi! Podcast: https://heyrabbi.transistor.fm/episodesPrayer Podcast: https://prayerpodcast.transistor.fm/episodesJewish Inspiration Podcast: https://inspiration.transistor.fm/episodesParsha Review Podcast: https://parsha.transistor.fm/episodesLiving Jewishly Podcast: https://jewishly.transistor.fm/episodesThinking Talmudist Podcast: https://talmud.transistor.fm/episodesUnboxing Judaism Podcast: https://unboxing.transistor.fm/episodesRabbi Aryeh Wolbe Podcast Collection: https://collection.transistor.fm/episodesFor a full listing of podcasts available by TORCH at http://podcast.torchweb.org_____________Keywords:#Torah, #Parsha, #Numbers, #Bamidbar,  #Shlach, #Spies, #Israel, #PositiveMindset, #Perspective, #ThinkPositive, #LeadershipLessons, #SeeTheGood ★ Support this podcast ★

In this Parsha Review of Parshas Shelach, Rabbi Aryeh Wolbe explores the tragic episode of the spies and uncovers a powerful lesson about perspective, positivity, and the way we choose to see the world. The Torah juxtaposes the story of the spies with Miriam's punishment for speaking negatively about Moshe Rabbeinu. Rashi explains that the spies witnessed Miriam's consequences yet failed to learn the lesson. Their true failure was not merely that they spoke negatively about the Land of Israel—it was that they approached the mission with a flawed perspective. When a person looks through a lens of negativity, even a land flowing with milk and honey appears frightening and impossible. A central theme of the episode is that reality is often shaped by the attitude with which we approach it. Rabbi Wolbe draws from the Talmudic discussion regarding how one praises a bride, explaining that true wisdom is learning to recognize and focus on the good that already exists. The spies saw giants, danger, and obstacles because they were looking for problems. Yehoshua and Kalev saw opportunity, promise, and Divine blessing because they were looking through eyes of faith. The difference was not the facts—they all saw the same land. The difference was perspective. Rabbi Wolbe extends this lesson to modern relationships, parenting, leadership, politics, and personal growth. Negative thinking creates a cycle where criticism breeds more criticism and conflict breeds more conflict. Positive thinking, however, creates momentum toward understanding, gratitude, and growth. Whether in marriage, family life, community leadership, or our relationship with Hashem, the challenge is to break cycles of negativity and intentionally cultivate a positive outlook. The episode concludes with a call to adjust our spiritual "glasses" so that we learn to see blessing, opportunity, and goodness where others may only see problems._____________This episode of the Parsha Review Podcast is dedicated in honor of Lenny & Teresa FriedmanDownload & Print the Parsha Review Notes:https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1ncaRyoH5iJmGGoMZs9y82Hz2ofViVouv?usp=sharingRecorded at TORCH Meyerland in the Levin Family Studios (B) to a live audience on June 12, 2026, in Houston, Texas.Released as Podcast on June 12, 2026_____________Subscribe: Apple Podcasts (https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/parsha-review-podcast-rabbi-aryeh-wolbe/id1651930083)Spotify (https://open.spotify.com/show/22lv1kXJob5ZNLaAl6CHTQ) to stay inspired! Share your questions at awolbe@torchweb.org or visit torchweb.org for more Torah content.  _____________About the Host:Rabbi Aryeh Wolbe, Director of TORCH in Houston, brings decades of Torah scholarship to guide listeners in applying Jewish wisdom to daily life.  To directly send your questions, comments, and feedback: awolbe@torchweb.org_____________Support Our Mission:Help us share Jewish wisdom globally by sponsoring an episode at torchweb.org. Your support makes a difference!_____________Subscribe and Listen to other podcasts by Rabbi Aryeh Wolbe: NEW!! Hey Rabbi! Podcast: https://heyrabbi.transistor.fm/episodesPrayer Podcast: https://prayerpodcast.transistor.fm/episodesJewish Inspiration Podcast: https://inspiration.transistor.fm/episodesParsha Review Podcast: https://parsha.transistor.fm/episodesLiving Jewishly Podcast: https://jewishly.transistor.fm/episodesThinking Talmudist Podcast: https://talmud.transistor.fm/episodesUnboxing Judaism Podcast: https://unboxing.transistor.fm/episodesRabbi Aryeh Wolbe Podcast Collection: https://collection.transistor.fm/episodesFor a full listing of podcasts available by TORCH at http://podcast.torchweb.org_____________Keywords:#Torah, #Parsha, #Numbers, #Bamidbar,  #Shlach, #Spies, #Israel, #PositiveMindset, #Perspective, #ThinkPositive, #LeadershipLessons, #SeeTheGood ★ Support this podcast ★

When does refusing to repeat a lie become complicity in it?The hardest question in documentary filmmaking is not how to find the truth. It is how to handle a lie. When a false story is already loose in the world, you have two choices that look almost identical on the page: refuse to repeat it, or amplify it by debunking it. The discipline of knowing which is which can decide whether your film tells the truth or makes the lie stronger.In this Deep Dive on Documentary First Episode 279 with Brian Pocrass, host Christian Taylor digs into the question Brian asked on tape about how much oxygen you give a lie. The conversation took thirty minutes to arrive there, but the question turns out to be the spine of every documentary that touches a contested story. This episode traces that question through C.S. Lewis's The Screwtape Letters, Dietrich Bonhoeffer's life under the Nazi regime, Alexander Solzhenitsyn's 1974 essay Live Not By Lies, and a two thousand year old paradox in the book of Proverbs.The spine of the episode is Brian's question on tape: "The question is, how much oxygen do you give it?" That question runs straight into a paradox the rabbis of the Talmud spent centuries arguing over. Proverbs 26:4 says do not answer a fool according to his folly. Proverbs 26:5, the very next verse, says answer a fool according to his folly. The Talmudic resolution maps directly onto the filmmaker's dilemma: the stakes determine the answer. Christian closes the episode with her own test, drawn from her film The Girl Who Wore Freedom: the story of Michel de Vallavieille, the French farmer shot in the back by an American paratrooper on D-Day, and the famous Band of Brothers rumor she refused to put on screen.In this episode, Christian explores:Why every production company wanted Brian Pocrass to tell a different version of Heather O'Rourke's story than the one he ended up makingThe C.S. Lewis principle from The Screwtape Letters that the devil cares more about attention than beliefHow debunking a conspiracy theory can give the conspiracy a brand new piece of footage to point atDietrich Bonhoeffer's argument that silence in the face of evil is itself evilAlexander Solzhenitsyn's 1974 essay Live Not By Lies and the moral discipline of refusalThe two thousand year old paradox in Proverbs 26:4-5 and how the Talmudic rabbis resolved itWhy the Talmud's answer is sacred versus mundane stakes, and what that means for documentary filmmakersThe Michel de Vallavieille story from Christian's film The Girl Who Wore FreedomThe Band of Brothers rumor about Bill Guarnere that Christian refused to put on screenThe two questions every documentary filmmaker has to weigh before they amplify a storyChapters0:00 C.S. Lewis, the Devil, and Brian Pocrass's Question0:30 How Much Oxygen Do You Give a Lie?1:28 The Screwtape Letters and the Devil's Currency2:24 Bonhoeffer: Silence in the Face of Evil Is Evil Itself3:27 Solzhenitsyn's Live Not By Lies and Proverbs 264:59 The Girl Who Wore Freedom: Bill Guarnere and My Own Test6:14 The Question I Leave You WithFrequently Asked QuestionsWhen does debunking a lie make it stronger?Researchers at Data and Society documented this dynamic in a 2018 study called The Oxygen of Amplification. Repeating a false claim in order to refute it gives the claim attention, repeats the language, and trains the algorithm to surface it more. Britannica describes this dynamic as adding oxygen to the fire of misinformation. For documentary filmmakers, this means a debunking film about a conspiracy theory can leave viewers more familiar with the conspiracy than with the truth.What did Dietrich Bonhoeffer say about silence?Bonhoeffer's most famous line on the subject is silence in the face of evil is itself evil; not to speak is to speak; not to act is to act. Bonhoeffer was a German pastor in the 1930s who watched the German church surrender to the Nazi regime. He spent his adult life arguing against the silence of fellow pastors. The Nazis executed him in April 1945. His writings on costly discipleship remain among the most cited works of twentieth century theology.What is Alexander Solzhenitsyn's Live Not By Lies about?Live Not By Lies is the essay Solzhenitsyn released on the day the KGB arrested and deported him in 1974. He argues that while a single person cannot stop a lie from being told, every person can refuse to repeat it. The refusal itself is the action. The essay is one of the foundational moral texts of the dissident movement against Soviet totalitarianism and remains widely cited in discussions of personal moral resistance.How do the rabbis of the Talmud resolve Proverbs 26:4 and 26:5?Proverbs 26:4 says do not answer a fool according to his folly, or you will be like him yourself. Proverbs 26:5 says answer a fool according to his folly, or he will be wise in his own eyes. The Talmudic resolution is that the two verses apply to different kinds of stakes. When the fool is talking about something sacred, you answer. When the fool is talking about something mundane, you do not. The wisdom is in knowing which kind of stakes you are facing.How do documentary filmmakers handle conspiracy theories about their subjects?There is no industry standard. Each filmmaker has to weigh the specific story. Some choose to confront the conspiracy directly and risk amplifying it. Others refuse to give the conspiracy screen time and risk being accused of avoidance. The discipline is to ask what the documentary makes more solid in the world and who the actual audience is: the people who already believe the lie, or the people who deserve the truth.About the Source EpisodeDocumentary First Episode 279 with Brian Pocrass aired on June 9, 2026. Brian is an attorney based in Los Angeles and the producer of She Was Here, the 2026 documentary about the life and death of Heather O'Rourke. The film features Heather's family debunking the Poltergeist curse rumor that has surrounded her death for almost forty years.Episode link: https://pod.fo/e/427c08About The Girl Who Wore FreedomThe Girl Who Wore Freedom is Christian Taylor's documentary about the children of Sainte-Marie-du-Mont, France, and the American GIs who liberated their town on D-Day, June 6, 1944. The film centers on Danielle Patrix Van Den Heede, whose family hid GIs in the days after the invasion, and Michel de Vallavieille, the young farmer at Brecourt Manor who was shot in the back by an American paratrooper on D-Day and went on to build the Utah Beach Museum and become the mayor of Sainte-Marie-du-Mont.Website: https://thegirlwhoworefreedom.comAbout Documentary First: The Deep DiveEach week, host Christian Taylor takes an insight from a recent Documentary First filmmaker interview and explores it through literature, philosophy, theology, current culture, and the universal human experience. It is a companion show to Documentary First, built for documentary filmmakers, lovers of story, and anyone who wants to think more deeply about what we are watching. Christian Taylor is a documentary filmmaker (The Girl Who Wore Freedom, Heroes of Carentan), actor, voice actor, and podcast host based in the United States.Resources MentionedDocumentary First Episode 279 with Brian Pocrass: https://pod.fo/e/427c08She Was Here, directed by Nick Bailey, produced by Brian Pocrass (2026)The Screwtape Letters by C.S. Lewis (1942)Dietrich Bonhoeffer (1906-1945), German pastor and theologianLive Not By Lies by Alexander Solzhenitsyn (1974 essay)Proverbs 26:4-5Talmud, Shabbat 30bThe Girl Who Wore Freedom, directed and produced by Christian Taylor: https://thegirlwhoworefreedom.comBand of Brothers by Stephen Ambrose (1992 book and 2001 HBO miniseries)The Oxygen of Amplification, Whitney Phillips, Data and Society Research Institute (2018)Listen and FollowListen to this episode on your preferred podcast app: https://pod.fo/e/[DD 279 CODE — TO BE ADDED ONCE EPISODE IS LIVE]Documentary First on all podcast apps: https://podfollow.com/documentary-firstYouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@documentaryfirstSupport the show on Patreonhttps://www.patreon.com/c/DocumentaryFirstConnectDocumentary First on all platforms: https://linktr.ee/doc1stConnect with Christian Taylor on...

In this opening lesson of the Gate of Repentance (Shaar HaTeshuvah) from Orchot Tzaddikim, Rabbi Aryeh Wolbe explains that repentance is one of the greatest gifts Hashem ever gave humanity. As we approach Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur, the message is clear: no matter how far a person has strayed, the moment they sincerely turn back toward Hashem, they are welcomed with open arms. Repentance is not about perfection—it is about reaching out for Divine help and allowing Hashem to lift us from our mistakes and guide us toward a fresh beginning. The episode explores a remarkable Talmudic teaching that Teshuvah reaches all the way to the Heavenly Throne of Glory. Through a vivid description of Moshe ascending the seven firmaments, Rabbi Wolbe explains how each level of Heaven praises a different spiritual ideal, yet at the highest level the angels praise repentance. This demonstrates that teshuvah is among the most elevated forces in creation. In fact, the Talmud teaches that repentance was created before the world itself, alongside the Torah, Gan Eden, Gehenom, the Beis HaMikdash, the Throne of Glory, and the name of Mashiach. Rabbi Wolbe further explains that the Torah is the instruction manual for life. Just as every complex creation requires a blueprint, the world was created with a Divine manual to guide humanity toward success. Since human beings inevitably make mistakes, Hashem created repentance before creation itself, ensuring that failure would never be final. The lesson is one of hope, accountability, and optimism: every person can return, repair, and grow. The episode concludes with a vision of the Messianic era, when the world will be filled with Divine wisdom and clarity, and humanity will fully recognize its purpose—to know Hashem and serve Him. _____________This Podcast Series is Generously Underwritten by Peter & Becky BotvinRecorded at TORCH Centre in the Levin Family Studios (B) to a live audience on September 8, 2025, in Houston, Texas.Released as Podcast on June 7, 2026_____________This series on Orchos Tzadikim/Ways of the Righteous is produced in partnership with Hachzek.Join the revolution of daily Mussar study at hachzek.com.We are using the Treasure of Life edition of the Orchos Tzadikkim (Published by Feldheim)_____________Listen, Subscribe & Share: Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/jewish-inspiration-podcast-rabbi-aryeh-wolbe/id1476610783Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/4r0KfjMzmCNQbiNaZBCSU7) to stay inspired! Share your questions at aw@torchweb.org or visit torchweb.org for more Torah content.  _____________About the Host:Rabbi Aryeh Wolbe, Director of TORCH in Houston, brings decades of Torah scholarship to guide listeners in applying Jewish wisdom to daily life.  To directly send your questions, comments, and feedback, please email: awolbe@torchweb.org_____________Support Our Mission:Our Mission is Connecting Jews & Judaism. Help us spread Judaism globally by sponsoring an episode at torchweb.org.Your support makes a HUGE difference!_____________Listen MoreOther podcasts by Rabbi Aryeh Wolbe: NEW!! Hey Rabbi! Podcast: https://heyrabbi.transistor.fm/episodesPrayer Podcast: https://prayerpodcast.transistor.fm/episodesJewish Inspiration Podcast: https://inspiration.transistor.fm/episodesParsha Review Podcast: https://parsha.transistor.fm/episodesLiving Jewishly Podcast: https://jewishly.transistor.fm/episodesThinking Talmudist Podcast: https://talmud.transistor.fm/episodesUnboxing Judaism Podcast: https://unboxing.transistor.fm/episodesRabbi Aryeh Wolbe Podcast Collection: https://collection.transistor.fm/episodesFor a full listing of podcasts available by TORCH at http://podcast.torchweb.orgv_____________Keywords:#JewishInspiration, #Mussar, #MasterClass, #Repentance, #Teshuva, #YomKippur, #NewBeginning, #Growth, #Return, #Elul, #MessianicEra, #GrowthMindset ★ Support this podcast ★

In this Mussar Masterclass on the Gate of Slander, Rabbi Aryeh Wolbe explores one of Judaism's most transformative principles: judging others favorably. Drawing from Orchot Tzaddikim, he explains that our obligation to judge favorably depends on the character of the individual involved. A righteous person should be given the benefit of the doubt even when circumstances appear questionable. An average person should be judged charitably whenever possible. Most importantly, the way we judge others becomes the standard by which Heaven judges us. When we extend grace to others, Hashem extends grace to us. The episode then shifts to the dangers of revenge, grudges, and public embarrassment. Rabbi Wolbe emphasizes a crucial distinction: we may condemn a person's actions, but we should never define the person by their mistakes. This principle is especially relevant in parenting, where criticizing a child's behavior rather than labeling the child preserves dignity and encourages growth. Our words have the power either to elevate people toward greatness or to push them toward failure. A central theme throughout the class is the power of positive expectations. Through stories ranging from Talmudic teachings to NFL MVP Josh Allen's upbringing, Rabbi Wolbe demonstrates how people often rise to the expectations placed upon them. Parents, teachers, spouses, and friends can profoundly influence others by speaking to their potential rather than their shortcomings. The episode concludes with the famous lesson that the true "elixir of life" is guarding one's tongue. Long life, healthy relationships, and spiritual greatness begin with careful, disciplined speech. _____________This Podcast Series is Generously Underwritten by Peter & Becky BotvinRecorded at TORCH Centre in the Levin Family Studios (B) to a live audience on February 2, 2026, in Houston, Texas.Released as Podcast on June 2, 2026_____________This series on Orchos Tzadikim/Ways of the Righteous is produced in partnership with Hachzek.Join the revolution of daily Mussar study at hachzek.com.We are using the Treasure of Life edition of the Orchos Tzadikkim (Published by Feldheim)_____________Listen, Subscribe & Share: Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/jewish-inspiration-podcast-rabbi-aryeh-wolbe/id1476610783Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/4r0KfjMzmCNQbiNaZBCSU7) to stay inspired! Share your questions at aw@torchweb.org or visit torchweb.org for more Torah content.  _____________About the Host:Rabbi Aryeh Wolbe, Director of TORCH in Houston, brings decades of Torah scholarship to guide listeners in applying Jewish wisdom to daily life.  To directly send your questions, comments, and feedback, please email: awolbe@torchweb.org_____________Support Our Mission:Our Mission is Connecting Jews & Judaism. Help us spread Judaism globally by sponsoring an episode at torchweb.org.Your support makes a HUGE difference!_____________Listen MoreOther podcasts by Rabbi Aryeh Wolbe: NEW!! Hey Rabbi! Podcast: https://heyrabbi.transistor.fm/episodesPrayer Podcast: https://prayerpodcast.transistor.fm/episodesJewish Inspiration Podcast: https://inspiration.transistor.fm/episodesParsha Review Podcast: https://parsha.transistor.fm/episodesLiving Jewishly Podcast: https://jewishly.transistor.fm/episodesThinking Talmudist Podcast: https://talmud.transistor.fm/episodesUnboxing Judaism Podcast: https://unboxing.transistor.fm/episodesRabbi Aryeh Wolbe Podcast Collection: https://collection.transistor.fm/episodesFor a full listing of podcasts available by TORCH at http://podcast.torchweb.orgv_____________Keywords:#JewishInspiration, #Mussar, #MasterClass, #JudgeFavorably, #GuardYourTongue, #LashonHara, #PowerOfWords, #CharacterDevelopment, #Middot, #PersonalGrowth, #SpiritualGrowth, #PositiveMindset, #SelfImprovement, #KindSpeech, #GrowthMindset, #WordsMatter ★ Support this podcast ★

What do cutting-edge biology and a 2,000-year-old Talmudic teaching have in common? Rabbi Josh Feigelson explores how a newly discovered body system mirrors the Jewish idea that we are all deeply bound to one another and guides listeners through a mindfulness practice to help them feel that truth in their own bodies. Be in touch at josh@unpacked.media. This episode is sponsored by Jonathan and Kori Kalafer and the Somerset Patriots: The Bridgewater, NJ-based AA Affiliate of the New York Yankees. --------------- This podcast is brought to you by Unpacked, an OpenDor Media Brand.For other podcasts from Unpacked, check out:⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Jewish History Nerds⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Stars of David with Elon Gold⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Unpacking Israeli History⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Wondering Jews⁠⁠