Podcasts about tetrapods

En el episodio de hoy, tratamos de responder a la pregunta que formulamos, sobre todo matizando la autonomía o no de esos CPGs en la médula humana. Revisamos los principales autores y estudios sobre el tema y ahondamos en la evidencia más actual sobre el sistema de interneuronas que conforman los CPGs y las implicaciones para la neurorrehabilitación (estimulación epidural y terapia intensiva). Referencias del episodio: 1. Angeli, C. A., Edgerton, V. R., Gerasimenko, Y. P., & Harkema, S. J. (2014). Altering spinal cord excitability enables voluntary movements after chronic complete paralysis in humans. Brain : a journal of neurology, 137(Pt 5), 1394–1409. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awu038 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24713270/). 2. Barkan, C. L., & Zornik, E. (2019). Feedback to the future: motor neuron contributions to central pattern generator function. The Journal of experimental biology, 222(Pt 16), jeb193318. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.193318 (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6739810/). 3. Brown, T. G. (1911). The Intrinsic Factors in the Act of Progression in the Mammal. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological Character, 84(572), 308–319. http://www.jstor.org/stable/80647 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/80647). 4. Cherni, Y., Begon, M., Chababe, H., & Moissenet, F. (2017). Use of electromyography to optimize Lokomat® settings for subject-specific gait rehabilitation in post-stroke hemiparetic patients: A proof-of-concept study. Neurophysiologie clinique = Clinical neurophysiology, 47(4), 293–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucli.2017.01.008 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28318816/). 5. Courtine, G., Gerasimenko, Y., van den Brand, R., Yew, A., Musienko, P., Zhong, H., Song, B., Ao, Y., Ichiyama, R. M., Lavrov, I., Roy, R. R., Sofroniew, M. V., & Edgerton, V. R. (2009). Transformation of nonfunctional spinal circuits into functional states after the loss of brain input. Nature neuroscience, 12(10), 1333–1342. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2401 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19767747/). 6. Dietz V. (2010). Behavior of spinal neurons deprived of supraspinal input. Nature reviews. Neurology, 6(3), 167–174. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2009.227 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20101254/). 7. Dimitrijevic, M. R., Gerasimenko, Y., & Pinter, M. M. (1998). Evidence for a spinal central pattern generator in humans. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 860, 360–376. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09062.x (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9928325/). 8. Dzeladini, F., van den Kieboom, J., & Ijspeert, A. (2014). The contribution of a central pattern generator in a reflex-based neuromuscular model. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 8, 371. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00371 (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4071613/). 9. Gizzi, L., Nielsen, J. F., Felici, F., Moreno, J. C., Pons, J. L., & Farina, D. (2012). Motor modules in robot-aided walking. Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 9, 76. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-0003-9-76 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23043818/). 10. Gosgnach S. (2022). Synaptic connectivity amongst components of the locomotor central pattern generator. Frontiers in neural circuits, 16, 1076766. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncir.2022.1076766 (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9730330/). 11. Grillner, S. (1981). Control of Locomotion in Bipeds, Tetrapods, and Fish. Comprehensive Physiology, 1179-1236 (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cphy.cp010226). 12. Guertin P. A. (2014). Preclinical evidence supporting the clinical development of central pattern generator-modulating therapies for chronic spinal cord-injured patients. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 8, 272. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00272 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24910602/). 13. Harkema, S., Gerasimenko, Y., Hodes, J., Burdick, J., Angeli, C., Chen, Y., Ferreira, C., Willhite, A., Rejc, E., Grossman, R. G., & Edgerton, V. R. (2011). Effect of epidural stimulation of the lumbosacral spinal cord on voluntary movement, standing, and assisted stepping after motor complete paraplegia: a case study. Lancet (London, England), 377(9781), 1938–1947. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60547-3 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21601270/). 14. Kathe, C., Skinnider, M. A., Hutson, T. H., Regazzi, N., Gautier, M., Demesmaeker, R., Komi, S., Ceto, S., James, N. D., Cho, N., Baud, L., Galan, K., Matson, K. J. E., Rowald, A., Kim, K., Wang, R., Minassian, K., Prior, J. O., Asboth, L., Barraud, Q., … Courtine, G. (2022). The neurons that restore walking after paralysis. Nature, 611(7936), 540–547. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05385-7 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36352232/). 15. Minassian, K., Jilge, B., Rattay, F., Pinter, M. M., Binder, H., Gerstenbrand, F., & Dimitrijevic, M. R. (2004). Stepping-like movements in humans with complete spinal cord injury induced by epidural stimulation of the lumbar cord: electromyographic study of compound muscle action potentials. Spinal cord, 42(7), 401–416. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.sc.3101615 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15124000/). 16. Minassian, K., Persy, I., Rattay, F., Dimitrijevic, M. R., Hofer, C., & Kern, H. (2007). Posterior root-muscle reflexes elicited by transcutaneous stimulation of the human lumbosacral cord. Muscle & nerve, 35(3), 327–336. https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.20700 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17117411/). 17. Radhakrishna, M., Steuer, I., Prince, F., Roberts, M., Mongeon, D., Kia, M., Dyck, S., Matte, G., Vaillancourt, M., & Guertin, P. A. (2017). Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Phase I/IIa Study (Safety and Efficacy) with Buspirone/Levodopa/Carbidopa (SpinalonTM) in Subjects with Complete AIS A or Motor-Complete AIS B Spinal Cord Injury. Current pharmaceutical design, 23(12), 1789–1804. https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612822666161227152200 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28025945/). 18. Reier, P. J., Howland, D. R., Mitchell, G., Wolpaw, J. R., Hoh, D., & Lane, M. A. (2017). Spinal cord injury: repair, plasticity and rehabilitation. eLS, 1-12 (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9780470015902.a0021403.pub2).

We pick up the trail on a virtual tour as we continue our Hokkaido Winter Landscape Adventure, which I recently ran for the first time in three years. Details on blog: https://mbp.ac/803 Music by Martin Bailey

We pick up the trail on a virtual tour as we continue our Hokkaido Winter Landscape Adventure, which I recently ran for the first time in three years. Details on blog: https://mbp.ac/803 Music by Martin Bailey

In the final episode of season 3, Lexman finally solves the mystery of Abe's true nature. As a result, Abe is able to combustibles and Tetrapods as expected, but not without consequence.

Sign up for the Spectator at: https://spectatorworld.com/specialoffer/Use code: DARKHORSE*****Bret speaks with Jonathan Pageau a symbolic thinker, YouTuber, and carver of orthodox icons.https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtCTSf3UwRU14nYWr_xm-dQhttps://thesymbolicworld.com/http://www.pageaucarvings.com/https://twitter.com/PageauJonathan*****Find Bret Weinstein on Twitter: @BretWeinstein, and on Patreon.https://www.patreon.com/bretweinsteinPlease subscribe to this channel for more long form content like this, and subscribe to the clips channel @DarkHorse Podcast Clips for short clips of all our podcasts:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAWCKUrmvK5F_ynBY_CMlIAAll removed videos can be found on Spotify Video and Odysee: https://open.spotify.com/show/57R7dOcs60jUfOnuNG0J1Rhttps://odysee.com/@BretWeinstein:fCheck out the DHP store! Epic tabby, digital book burning, saddle up the dire wolves, and more: http://www.store.darkhorsepodcast.orgTheme Music: Thank you to Martin Molin of Wintergatan for providing us the rights to use their excellent music.*****(00:00) Introduction(02:47) Bret on religions being “Literally false, metaphorically true” NOT “a mind virus”(05:35) Jon's definition of religion(07:57) Bret – all scientists have faith, i.e. base assumptions, axioms(11:15) Jon's definition of faith, as levels of understanding(13:58) Spectator Adhttps://spectatorworld.com/specialoffer/Use code: DARKHORSE(15:45) Bret's article of faith in evolution(17:56) Jon's refinement: religion is the “patterning” of being(20:07) Emergence is the jump between levels(21:45) Jon's emergence(23:34) Adaptive evolution and group selection(26:45) Why does cooperation exist?(28:05) Survivability of individual or group or lineage(32:05) Google Vs Catholicism(33:26) Point of attention(35:55) Evolution predicts the behavior of religions(38:46) Richard Dawkins' memes(42:35) Self sacrifice(45:56) Confessions in a congregation(49:30) Jon on importance of self sacrifice(53:44) Rapist gene(59:24) Geneva Convention(01:00:39) Flip the table on the genes(01:01:49) Purpose of organisms(01:03:13) Consciousness and purpose(01:05:16) Purpose(01:09:15) One homogenous religion(01:13:55) Centralized digital identity and mark of the beast(01:19:59) Genes are self replicating patterns(01:23:19) Bret's “obsession” with genes(01:25:09) Starting from experience, not genes(01:31:06) Consciousness is recognizing patterns(01:33:35) Consciousness is good(01:39:36) Technological systems are driving us into madness(01:42:59) We need to upgrade our consciousness(01:45:44) Wokeism and COVID measures(01:48:49) Damned if we do…(01:53:59) Religion has predicted this(01:56:39) Gain of function research and fission power(02:01:06) Aiming for a higher good(02:02:33) The atheist's advantage and heaven(02:07:13) Descendants 10,000 years from now(02:11:14) Building of an arc, remnants, and end of civilization(02:18:56) Update religious texts?(02:20:39) Tools and religion(02:24:39) Is lineage the wrong level of abstraction?(02:29:43) Follow-through tennis analogy(02:35:57) Cynicism around religion(02:40:23) Consciousness comes down on existence and forms identities(02:44:17) Tetrapods and speciation(02:48:40) Identity and purpose(02:50:33) Wrap upSupport the show (https://www.patreon.com/bretweinstein)

Girls be Tetrapods! Tetrapods be Ending!

The gang discusses two papers that explore the functional morphology of ancient groups. The first paper looks at soft tissue in ammonites which can be used to infer locomotion, and the second paper looks at how functional morphology changed as tetrapods transitioned from marine to terrestrial environments. Meanwhile, James explores the evolution of baked goods, Curt develops a new business plan, and Amanda dreams of Tiktaalik.   Up-Goer Five (Curt Edition): Our friends talk about two papers that look into how we can learn how very old animals moved and how that moving changes over time by looking at the parts we can find in the ground. The first paper looks at animals with a lot of arms who live in a big hard round hard part. Today, while we have a lot of these animals with lots of arms, only one of those animals today lives in a big round thing. In the past, there was a big group of animals that lived in a round thing, but they did it in a different way than the one we have around today. However, because it is hard to find pieces that are not hard, we have used the animal that is around today as our best guess for how these old animals may have moved. This paper finds some soft pieces which give us a better idea of how the soft parts that allow animals to move were put together. And these old animals probably moved in a very different way from the other animal from today who lives in a round thing. In fact, the old animals that live in round parts may have moved in a way that is sort of like how the animals with many arms who do not live in round things today move (but not exactly the same). The second paper looks at how the hard parts of animals with four legs changed when they animals moved onto land. This paper looks at these changes and also looks at how these changes make it so these animals move in different ways. They find that the animals with four legs in the water all have legs that look like we would expect for moving in water. The animals that are on land also have legs that fit the moving we would see for things that need to hold themselves up and move on land. The fun thing is that the animals who come from the animals who are not quite on land and not quite in water yet (the ones in the middle of this change) do not fit into any space where we would expect the animal to be able to move well. This could mean that these animals (which did well enough) were living in a time when it was alright to suck at moving. Also, it may be that some groups of animals that moved onto land from this group that sucks at moving might have had some of the animals in that group that came back to this sucking at moving space.   References: Dickson, Blake V., et al. "Functional adaptive landscapes predict terrestrial capacity at the origin of limbs." Nature 589.7841 (2021): 242-245. Cherns, Lesley, et al. "Correlative  tomography of an exceptionally preserved Jurassic ammonite implies  hyponome-propelled swimming." Geology (2021).

In the late 1930s, our understanding of the transition of fish to tetrapods — and the eventual jump to modern vertebrates — took an unexpected leap forward. The evolutionary a'ha came from a single partial fossil skull found on the shores of a riverbank in Eastern Canada. Meet the Stegocephalian, Elpistostege watsoni, an extinct genus of finned tetrapodomorphs that lived during the Late Givetian to Early Frasnian of the Late Devonian — 382 million years ago. Elpistostege watsoni — perhaps the sister taxon of all other tetrapods — was first described in 1938 by British palaeontologist and elected Fellow of the Royal Society of London, Thomas Stanley Westoll.  Westoll's research interests were wide-ranging. He was a vertebrate palaeontologist and geologist best known for his innovative work on Palaeozoic fishes and their relationships with tetrapods. As a specialist in early fish, Westoll was asked to interpret a single partial skull roof discovered at the Escuminac Formation in Quebec, Canada. His findings gave us the publication that would name Elpistostege watsoni and helped us to better understand the evolution of fishes to tetrapods — four-limbed vertebrates — one of the most important transformations in vertebrate evolution. Hypotheses of tetrapod origins rely heavily on the anatomy of a few tetrapod-like fish fossils from the Middle and Late Devonian, 393–359 million years ago. These taxa — known as elpistostegalians — include Panderichthys, Elpistostege and Tiktaalik — none of which has yet revealed the complete skeletal anatomy of the pectoral fin. None until 2010, that is when a complete 1.57-metre-long articulated specimen was described by Richard Cloutier et al. in 2020. The specimen helped us to understand the origin of the vertebrate hand. It revealed a set of paired fins of Elpistostege containing bones homologous to the phalanges (finger bones) of modern tetrapods and is the most basal tetrapodomorph known to possess them. Once the phalanges were uncovered, prep work began on the fins. The fins were covered in scales and lepidotrichia (fin rays). The work was tiresome, taking more than 2,700 hours of preparation but the results were thrilling. We could now clearly see that the skeleton of the pectoral fin has four proximodistal rows of radials — two of which include branched carpals — as well as two distal rows organized as digits and putative digits. Despite this skeletal pattern — which represents the most tetrapod-like arrangement of bones found in a pectoral fin to date blurring the line between fish and land vertebrates — the fin retains lepidotrichia (those wee fin rays) distal to the radials. This arrangement confirmed an age-old question — showing us for the first time that the origin of phalanges preceded the loss of fin rays, not the other way around. This was evidence for the origins of the vertebrate hand that you and I use today.

This is the J & Trey Happy Hour, where Jeff and Trevor babble on about the latest Japan-related news storiesーor anything at all whatsoever. This week we reflect on Japan's recent performance in the Olympics, explore Japan's obsession with tetrapods, read through the latest news on Saitama Man, and discover the proper technique for open onigiri packagingーamong other things. The Deep in Japan Podcast is completely independent and crowd-funded. And by that, I mean we are poor. Please consider supporting the show by becoming a patron at https://www.patreon.com/deepinjapan　　　 LINKS: Saitama Man Repeatedly Steals Food: https://bit.ly/3iYFqQw 7-11 “How to Open a Rice Ball” Video: https://bit.ly/3AV3aL8 Judoka Aaron Wolf and the meaning of being Japanese: https://shorturl.at/mpV57 Alex Kerr on tetrapods: https://shorturl.at/juvI7 The outro was ZORN One Mic feat. KREVA. The intro was my own original mashup of Hokuto no Ken (Fist of the North Star) anime sound bites with “Dubstep" from BenSound. Got something to say? You can find me at the following: - www.facebook.com/groups/deepinjapan/ - deep.in.japan.podcast@gmail.com As always, thanks for listening!

We ranked dragons based on how biologically and evolutionarily plausible they are. Thanks also to our Patreon patrons https://www.patreon.com/MinuteEarth and our YouTube members. ___________________________________________ To learn more, start your googling with these keywords:  Tetrapods: four-limbed (with a few exceptions, such as snakes which have vestigial limbs) animals constituting the superclass Tetrapoda. ___________________________________________ If you liked this week’s video, you might also like:  What Happened to Smaug's Other Legs? 'Hobbit' FX Expert Explains http://www.mtv.com/news/1719502/smaug-hobbit-fx-explained/ How to fly your dragon, Journal of Physics Special topics https://journals.le.ac.uk/ojs1/index.php/pst/article/view/870/802 _________________________________________ Subscribe to MinuteEarth on YouTube: Support us on Patreon: And visit our website: https://www.minuteearth.com/ Say hello on Facebook: http://goo.gl/FpAvo6 And Twitter: http://goo.gl/Y1aWVC And download our videos on itunes:  https://goo.gl/sfwS6n ___________________________________________ Credits (and Twitter handles): Script Writer, Editor and Video Narrator: Julián Gustavo Gómez (@ittakesii) Video Illustrators: Ever Salazar (@eversalazar) and Arcadi Garcia (@garirius) Video Director: Ever Salazar (@eversalazar) With Contributions From: Henry Reich, Alex Reich, Kate Yoshida, Peter Reich, David Goldenberg, Julián Gómez, Sarah Berman, Arcadi Garcia Rius  Music by: Nathaniel Schroeder: ___________________________________________ References: Tennekes, H. (2009). The simple science of flight: from insects to jumbo jets. MIT press.Azuma, A., Azuma, S., Watanabe, I., & Furuta, T. (1985). Flight mechanics of a dragonfly. Journal of experimental biology, 116(1), 79-107.Habib, M. (2013). Constraining the air giants: limits on size in flying animals as an example of constraint-based biomechanical theories of form. Biological Theory, 8(3), 245-252.

With guests Brooke Jensen (@TheAlphaBrooke) and Roseanna Gamlen-Greene (@TheToadLady). We discuss a number of recent science stories including Baby Turtle Sex Determination, and an Anaemic star. We also answer some questions about Moon Crashes, Tetrapods, and Venom Awareness. You can find the Non-Peer Reviewed Podcast on iTunes, PodBean, Stitcher, and most other podcast apps. But you can also find it here: SOUNDCLOUD: @nonpeerreviewed FACEBOOK: www.facebook.com/NonPeerReviewed YOUTUBE: goo.gl/toX4re TWITTER: twitter.com/NonPeerReviewed RSS: feeds.feedburner.com/Non-peerReviewedPodcast

The story of life continues with coverage of the Paleozoic Era (541 to 251.9 Million Years Ago). We trek through the different periods of this ancient age to uncover how animals, plants, and microorganisms evolved and coped with a continuously changing climate. Special topics include the Cambrian Explosion, the Ordovician Biodiversification Event, the Colonization of the Land, the Evolution of Tetrapods, and the horrors of the Permian Extinction Event. Transcript: https://riverofhistory.tumblr.com/post/182868647096/episode-4-from-trilobites-to-therapsidsLinks and Referenced Mentioned:Cambrian Extinction Event: https://www.nature.com/articles/nature09700Possible link to volcanism for Ordovician Extinction Event: https://cpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com/u.osu.edu/dist/f/94/files/2014/05/young_etal_2009_final-28qe1mk.pdfHelicoprion's tooth whorl: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3639784/

The story of life continues with coverage of the Paleozoic Era (541 to 251.9 Million Years Ago). We trek through the different periods of this ancient age to uncover how animals, plants, and microorganisms evolved and coped with a continuously changing climate. Special topics include the Cambrian Explosion, the Ordovician Biodiversification Event, the Colonization of the Land, the Evolution of Tetrapods, and the horrors of the Permian Extinction Event. Transcript: https://riverofhistory.tumblr.com/post/182868647096/episode-4-from-trilobites-to-therapsidsLinks and Referenced Mentioned:Cambrian Extinction Event: https://www.nature.com/articles/nature09700 Possible link to volcanism for Ordovician Extinction Event: https://cpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com/u.osu.edu/dist/f/94/files/2014/05/young_etal_2009_final-28qe1mk.pdf Helicoprion’s tooth whorl: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3639784/

The story of life continues with coverage of the Paleozoic Era (541 to 251.9 Million Years Ago). We trek through the different periods of this ancient age to uncover how animals, plants, and microorganisms evolved and coped with a continuously changing climate. Special topics include the Cambrian Explosion, the Ordovician Biodiversification Event, the Colonization of the Land, the Evolution of Tetrapods, and the horrors of the Permian Extinction Event. Transcript: https://riverofhistory.tumblr.com/post/182868647096/episode-4-from-trilobites-to-therapsidsLinks and Referenced Mentioned:Cambrian Extinction Event: https://www.nature.com/articles/nature09700Possible link to volcanism for Ordovician Extinction Event: https://cpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com/u.osu.edu/dist/f/94/files/2014/05/young_etal_2009_final-28qe1mk.pdfHelicoprion's tooth whorl: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3639784/

The story of life continues with coverage of the Paleozoic Era (541 to 251.9 Million Years Ago). We trek through the different periods of this ancient age to uncover how animals, plants, and microorganisms evolved and coped with a continuously changing climate. Special topics include the Cambrian Explosion, the Ordovician Biodiversification Event, the Colonization of the Land, the Evolution of Tetrapods, and the horrors of the Permian Extinction Event. Transcript: https://riverofhistory.tumblr.com/post/182868647096/episode-4-from-trilobites-to-therapsidsLinks and Referenced Mentioned:Cambrian Extinction Event: https://www.nature.com/articles/nature09700Possible link to volcanism for Ordovician Extinction Event: https://cpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com/u.osu.edu/dist/f/94/files/2014/05/young_etal_2009_final-28qe1mk.pdfHelicoprion's tooth whorl: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3639784/

The story of life continues with coverage of the Paleozoic Era (541 to 251.9 Million Years Ago). We trek through the different periods of this ancient age to uncover how animals, plants, and microorganisms evolved and coped with a continuously changing climate. Special topics include the Cambrian Explosion, the Ordovician Biodiversification Event, the Colonization of the Land, the Evolution of Tetrapods, and the horrors of the Permian Extinction Event. Transcript: https://riverofhistory.tumblr.com/post/182868647096/episode-4-from-trilobites-to-therapsidsLinks and Referenced Mentioned:Cambrian Extinction Event: https://www.nature.com/articles/nature09700 Possible link to volcanism for Ordovician Extinction Event: https://cpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com/u.osu.edu/dist/f/94/files/2014/05/young_etal_2009_final-28qe1mk.pdf Helicoprion’s tooth whorl: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3639784/

The story of life continues with coverage of the Paleozoic Era (541 to 251.9 Million Years Ago). We trek through the different periods of this ancient age to uncover how animals, plants, and microorganisms evolved and coped with a continuously changing climate. Special topics include the Cambrian Explosion, the Ordovician Biodiversification Event, the Colonization of the Land, the Evolution of Tetrapods, and the horrors of the Permian Extinction Event. Transcript: https://riverofhistory.tumblr.com/post/182868647096/episode-4-from-trilobites-to-therapsidsLinks and Referenced Mentioned:Cambrian Extinction Event: https://www.nature.com/articles/nature09700Possible link to volcanism for Ordovician Extinction Event: https://cpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com/u.osu.edu/dist/f/94/files/2014/05/young_etal_2009_final-28qe1mk.pdfHelicoprion's tooth whorl: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3639784/

The story of life continues with coverage of the Paleozoic Era (541 to 251.9 Million Years Ago). We trek through the different periods of this ancient age to uncover how animals, plants, and microorganisms evolved and coped with a continuously changing climate. Special topics include the Cambrian Explosion, the Ordovician Biodiversification Event, the Colonization of the Land, the Evolution of Tetrapods, and the horrors of the Permian Extinction Event. Transcript: https://riverofhistory.tumblr.com/post/182868647096/episode-4-from-trilobites-to-therapsidsLinks and Referenced Mentioned:Cambrian Extinction Event: https://www.nature.com/articles/nature09700Possible link to volcanism for Ordovician Extinction Event: https://cpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com/u.osu.edu/dist/f/94/files/2014/05/young_etal_2009_final-28qe1mk.pdfHelicoprion's tooth whorl: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3639784/

The story of life continues with coverage of the Paleozoic Era (541 to 251.9 Million Years Ago). We trek through the different periods of this ancient age to uncover how animals, plants, and microorganisms evolved and coped with a continuously changing climate. Special topics include the Cambrian Explosion, the Ordovician Biodiversification Event, the Colonization of the Land, the Evolution of Tetrapods, and the horrors of the Permian Extinction Event. Transcript: https://riverofhistory.tumblr.com/post/182868647096/episode-4-from-trilobites-to-therapsidsLinks and Referenced Mentioned:Cambrian Extinction Event: https://www.nature.com/articles/nature09700Possible link to volcanism for Ordovician Extinction Event: https://cpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com/u.osu.edu/dist/f/94/files/2014/05/young_etal_2009_final-28qe1mk.pdfHelicoprion's tooth whorl: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3639784/

In this episode, we conclude our three-part series of travelogues to walk you through my 2019 Hokkaido Winter Landscape Photography Adventure Tour & Workshop. Details on blog: https://mbp.ac/649 Music by Martin Bailey

In this episode, we conclude our three-part series of travelogues to walk you through my 2019 Hokkaido Winter Landscape Photography Adventure Tour & Workshop. Details on blog: https://mbp.ac/649 Music by Martin Bailey

The News Niche has come again. This episode we talk about invasive python genetics (just what are they?) and new conservation tools, with a Species of the Bi-Week that features not one but two new cobras. FULL REFERENCE LIST AVAILABLE AT: herphighlights.podbean.com Main Paper References: Gumbs, R., Gray, C. L., Wearn, O. R., & Owen, N. R. (2018). Tetrapods on the EDGE: Overcoming data limitations to identify phylogenetic conservation priorities. PloS one, 13(4), e0194680. Hunter, M. E., Johnson, N. A., Smith, B. J., Davis, M. C., Butterfield, J. S., Snow, R. W., & Hart, K. M. (2018). Cytonuclear discordance in the Florida Everglades invasive Burmese python (Python bivittatus) population reveals possible hybridization with the Indian python (P. molurus). Ecology and Evolution. Species of the Bi-Week: WÜSTER, W., Chirio, L., Trape, J. F., Ineich, I., Jackson, K., Greenbaum, E., ... & Hall, C. (2018). Integration of nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences and morphology reveals unexpected diversity in the forest cobra (Naja melanoleuca) species complex in Central and West Africa (Serpentes: Elapidae). Zootaxa, 4455(1), 68-98. Other mentioned papers: Hart, K. M., Cherkiss, M. S., Smith, B. J., Mazzotti, F. J., Fujisaki, I., Snow, R. W., & Dorcas, M. E. (2015). Home range, habitat use, and movement patterns of non-native Burmese pythons in Everglades National Park, Florida, USA. Animal Biotelemetry, 3(1), 8. Hunter, M. E., Oyler-McCance, S. J., Dorazio, R. M., Fike, J. A., Smith, B. J., Hunter, C. T., ... & Hart, K. M. (2015). Environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling improves occurrence and detection estimates of invasive Burmese pythons. PloS one, 10(4), e0121655. Hyslop, N. L., Meyers, J. M., Cooper, R. J., & Stevenson, D. J. (2014). Effects of body size and sex of Drymarchon couperi (eastern indigo snake) on habitat use, movements, and home range size in Georgia. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 78(1), 101-111. Lynch, V. J., & Wagner, G. P. (2010). Did egg‐laying boas break Dollo's law? Phylogenetic evidence for reversal to oviparity in sand boas (Eryx: Boidae). Evolution: International Journal of Organic Evolution, 64(1), 207-216. Pyron, R. A., & Burbrink, F. T. (2014). Early origin of viviparity and multiple reversions to oviparity in squamate reptiles. Ecology letters, 17(1), 13-21. Shine, R. (2015). The evolution of oviparity in squamate reptiles: an adaptationist perspective. Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution, 324(6), 487-492. Wang, Y., & Evans, S. E. (2011). A gravid lizard from the Cretaceous of China and the early history of squamate viviparity. Naturwissenschaften, 98(9), 739. Zhu, F., Liu, Q., Che, J., Zhang, L., Chen, X., Yan, F., ... & Guo, P. (2016). Molecular phylogeography of white‐lipped tree viper (Trimeresurus; Viperidae). Zoologica Scripta, 45(3), 252-262. Other links: Captive and field Herpetology Issue 2: http://captiveandfieldherpetology.com/volume-2-issue-1-2018/ A Naturalist’s Guide to the Dangerous Creatures of Australia: https://www.nhbs.com/a-naturalists-guide-to-the-dangerous-creatures-of-australia-book Music: Intro/outro – Treehouse by Ed Nelson Other Music – The Passion HiFi, www.thepassionhifi.com

The transition of fins to limbs is one of the most significant in the history of vertebrate evolution. These were the first steps that would eventually allow tetrapods to go on to dominate so many terrestrial ecosystems. Fossils that help fill the gaps in this crucial time are invaluable, so how do we go about finding them and what happens when we do discover one? Joining us to give an overview of some of the fossils involved in this transition, and to provide insights into the fieldwork that goes into finding them, is Dr Ted Daeschler, Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University.  

Blue Beach is a locality in Nova Scotia, Canada that is well known for it's fossils from the Lower Carboniferous. In particular, it is significant for being one of few sites in the world that has fossils from this time period, known as 'Romer's Gap', significant for it's apparent lack of tetrapod fossils, despite the presence of animals like Ichthyostega and Acanthostega before this time. Significant work in recent years has been done on Romer's Gap, including on the tetrapod fossils found at Blue Beach. In this episode, we spoke to University of Calgary Associate Professor Jason Anderson about these tetrapod fossils from Blue Beach, an area he has been working on for many years. Jason and others published a paper in 2015 on some of the early tetrapod finds from Blue Beach.

Around 250 million years ago, the largest biotic crisis the world has ever known occurred. The Permo-Triassic Mass Extinction (PTME) was an event that saw the loss of up to 95% of all species. The extinction forever changed the face of life on this planet, but what caused it? How long did the PTME last? Who were the big winners and losers? And how long did it take for life to recover? Prof. Mike Benton, University of Bristol, joins us to discuss these questions in more.

In this episode, we discuss two papers about early tetrapods/tetrapodomorph taxa, Tiktaalik  and Ichthyostega, and what new findings suggest about their locomotion. Also, Curt makes a suspicious delivery, and James desperately tries to feed Amanda "spoilers" for the new Star Wars. EDITOR'S NOTE: While I cannot confirm that any of James's spoilers are indeed accurate, they seem highly unlikely to be true (although if they are true, then the film they suggest is AMAZING). Up goer five simple text summary: The group takes time out from a time when not much is meant to happen to talk about some animals with big arms that were some of the first animals with four legs to come on to land. In between talking about a space movie where people use guns that fire light to show how they feel about each other, the group looks at a paper looking at the back end of an animal that had before been known only from its front. This new part of the animal shows that it had very small back legs that still looked more like for use in water. The second paper looks at a well known animal with four legs in a new way for the first time. It uses computers to picture it in a way that you can't picture it with just eyes, and this shows new things about it. The new way of looking shows that the animal would not have been as good at walking on land as people have thought. This is important as there are tracks that show there were animals with four legs that were very good at walking on land around at the same time. The animals that we have found were not able to make these tracks, and so this shows that there were other animals around at the same time that were better at walking on land, and that maybe this group of animals that walked on land started earlier than we thought. References: Shubin, Neil H., Edward B. Daeschler, and Farish A. Jenkins. "Pelvic girdle and fin of Tiktaalik roseae." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111.3 (2014): 893-899. Pierce, Stephanie E., Jennifer A. Clack, and John R. Hutchinson. "Three-dimensional limb joint mobility in the early tetrapod Ichthyostega." Nature486.7404 (2012): 523-526.

This week in the Planet Earth Podcast: what the first creatures to walk on land looked like; the connection between the biodiversity of upland rivers and the ecosystem services they provide; and in an audio diary from Turkey, a University of Leeds researcher on the North Anatolian Fault. Like this podcast? Please help us by supporting the Naked Scientists

This week in the Planet Earth Podcast: what the first creatures to walk on land looked like; the connection between the biodiversity of upland rivers and the ecosystem services they provide; and in an audio diary from Turkey, a University of Leeds researcher on the North Anatolian Fault.

This week in the Planet Earth Podcast: what the first creatures to walk on land looked like; the connection between the biodiversity of upland rivers and the ecosystem services they provide; and in an audio diary from Turkey, a University of Leeds researcher on the North Anatolian Fault. Like this podcast? Please help us by supporting the Naked Scientists

Thu, 3 Feb 2011 12:00:00 +0100 https://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12682/ https://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12682/1/Mauser_Christian.pdf Mauser, Christian ddc:530, ddc:500, Fakultät für Physik