Third period of the Paleozoic Era 444-419 million years ago
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Thomas Halliday describes the Devonian when plants and fungi formed symbiotic root systems to colonize land alongside the giant lichen Prototaxites, then visits Silurian deep-sea hydrothermal vents where life may have originated.
After uploading a quick video on Instagram about the top two stupidest pseudoarchaeology stories of all time, the one and only Flint Dibble said that I, Dr. Professor Andrew Kinkella PhD, had gotten something wrong. He said the Silurian hypothesis didn't contain any lizard people! What?!? I quickly re-checked my research, and found out he was right. But I was right too! Listen onward for the solution to the Great Silurian Debacle of 2025…LinksInstagram post on SiluriansTranscriptsFor rough transcripts of this episode head over to https://www.archaeologypodcastnetwork.com/pseudo/176ContactKinkella Teaches Archaeology (Youtube)Blog: Kinkella Teaches Archaeology ArchPodNetAPN Website: https://www.archpodnet.comAPN on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/archpodnetAPN on Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/archpodnetAPN on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/archpodnetMerch StoreAffiliatesMotion Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.
After uploading a quick video on Instagram about the top two stupidest pseudoarchaeology stories of all time, the one and only Flint Dibble said that I, Dr. Professor Andrew Kinkella PhD, had gotten something wrong. He said the Silurian hypothesis didn't contain any lizard people! What?!? I quickly re-checked my research, and found out he was right. But I was right too! Listen onward for the solution to the Great Silurian Debacle of 2025…LinksInstagram post on SiluriansTranscriptsFor rough transcripts of this episode head over to https://www.archaeologypodcastnetwork.com/pseudo/176ContactKinkella Teaches Archaeology (Youtube)Blog: Kinkella Teaches Archaeology ArchPodNetAPN Website: https://www.archpodnet.comAPN on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/archpodnetAPN on Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/archpodnetAPN on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/archpodnetMerch StoreAffiliatesMotion Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.
Welcome to the ninety-fifth episode of Through A Glass Darkly Radio with Sean Patrick Hazlett! For this episode, we will ask whether an advanced civilization existed before humans on Earth as we explore the Silurian hypothesis. Do not miss this amazing episode! Want to create live streams like this? Check out StreamYard: https://streamyard.com/pal/5421755367... Note: As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. Sean Patrick Hazlett's Books -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Weird World War III: https://amzn.to/3rnGUI2 Weird World War IV: https://amzn.to/3rp9bhA Weird World War: China: https://amzn.to/44xMdWa Hellhold and Other Stories: https://amzn.to/42rU49c Necromancer and Other Stories: https://amzn.to/4mQXfON Hell's Well: https://amzn.to/3rAlyqS Alien Abattoir and Other Stories: https://amzn.to/3rKtoi5 Alien Abattoir and Other Stories (Audio): https://amzn.to/3Jbr89g The Post-Apocalyptic Tourist's Guide to the Mojave Desert: https://amzn.to/3ryK8bS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Video Equipment & YouTube Analytics Software -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bose SoundLink Around Ear Wireless Headphones II: https://amzn.to/377r1hk Elgato Green Screen: https://amzn.to/3hJhE9v Blue Yeticaster Professional Broadcast Bundle with Yeti USB Microphone, Radius III Shockmount, and Compass Boom Arm, Blue VO!CE effects, Headphone Output, Plug and Play: https://amzn.to/3hF0rOF Neewer 700W Professional Photography 24x24 inches/60x60 Centimeters Softbox with E27 Socket Light Lighting Kit: https://amzn.to/3hKo748 Sony ZV-1 Digital Camera: https://amzn.to/3Cggs70 Mudder Mic Cover Foam Microphone Windscreen, Condenser Microphone: https://amzn.to/35Ww6Is Aokeo Professional Microphone Pop Filter Mask Shield For Blue Yeti and Any Other Microphone: https://amzn.to/3sMAYsO ULANZI Creative ZV-1 Wide Angle/Macro Additional Lens 52mm Diameter Compatible with Sony ZV-1 Camera: https://amzn.to/3tzlGXB GoPro HERO10 Black: https://amzn.to/3xHApBX UBeesize 10" Selfie Ring Light with 50" Extendable Tripod Stand & Flexible Phone Holder for Live Stream/Makeup/YouTube Video: https://amzn.to/3OxUnpr 2.4GHz Wireless Lavalier Microphone System, Saramonic Blink500 B2 Dual-Channel Mic Two Transmitters for DSLR Camera, Mirrorless, and Smartphone for YouTube Facebook Live Vlogging: https://amzn.to/3Ov9srH TubeBuddy: https://www.tubebuddy.com/ThroughAGla... Guesto: https://app.guestio.com/?ref=4921 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Intro: "Mark of the Doomslayer" by Karl Casey @ White Bat Audio Copyright © 2025 Through a Glass Darkly Radio with Sean Patrick Hazlett. All rights reserved.
With less than a week to go until the broadcast of the first part of The War Between the Land and the Sea, we look back to a past adventure with the Earth reptiles. Under the microscope today is The Silurian Gift, as we take our first dip into the Quick Reads series. Author Mike Tucker joins us to discuss this fun, fast read - which is still available to buy.
"There Should Have Been Another Way" Production 6M: "Warriors of the Deep" (January 5-13, 1984) Classic Doctor Who Season 21 Premiere Review In the year 2084, the Fifth Doctor, Tegan, and Turlough materialize at Sea Base Four, a military installation staffed with personnel on high alert due to tensions that could trigger World War III. An unknown object lurking in the waters proves to be a Silurian battlecruiser seeking to revive suspended animation Sea Devil warriors stored in underwater chambers. The reptilian cousins plan to manipulate the base's weapon systems to start a nuclear war, wiping out humanity so they can reclaim Earth as their ancestral home. Join podcaster John S. Drew and acclaimed writer/editor Jim Beard as they master time and space, delivering comprehensive reviews of every Classic Doctor Who serial. In this Season 21 premiere analysis covering this notorious production, they discuss: Production Nightmare Behind the Scenes: Margaret Thatcher's election sabotage - The 1983 UK general election announcement created BBC studio space demands, costing Doctor Who two weeks of production time and forcing rushed filming with minimal rehearsal The infamous Myrka disaster - The creature costume was still being sculpted and painted an hour before shooting, with wet paint and adhesive fumes getting one operator high. The poorly-fitted suit left performers uncomfortable and unable to rehearse, resulting in slow-motion movements that destroyed any sense of menace Johnny Byrne's disappointment - The writer envisioned dark, Alien-inspired sets with the Myrka glimpsed briefly in shadows, not brightly-lit corridors showcasing every flaw. He vowed never to work for Doctor Who again Character and Story Analysis: The Doctor's uncharacteristic violence - Jim questions Byrne's characterization showing the Fifth Doctor as naive, foolish, and suddenly engaging in unnecessary hand-to-hand combat Tegan and Turlough's evolving dynamic - The companions finally bond over eye-rolling about the Doctor, though both still don't want to be traveling in the TARDIS. Tegan suffers through another story of being trapped, taken hostage, and reduced to damsel-in-distress after her previous action hero moments The moral dilemma arrives too late - Part 4's ethical debate about genocide feels rushed when it should have been developed earlier. Jim controversially argues the Doctor was wrong to hesitate using the hexachromite gas with billions of lives at stake Base Under Siege formula exhaustion - After 21 years, this well-worn plot structure offers no surprises: the paranoid commander, the likable female officer, the traitors within, the invaders, the giant creature. Viewers who've watched for two decades have seen it all before Design and Direction Problems: Moon Base Alpha aesthetic - The overly-bright, sterile sets fail to convey an underwater atmosphere despite occasional model shots of the Silurian ship Dr. No radiation suits - The guards' helmets appear identical to the 1962 Bond film's radiation gear (the wiki claims they're the actual costumes, though Jim remains skeptical) Laughable battle sequences - No muzzle flashes or laser beams, just actors pointing rifles in extreme slow motion. Quick cuts could have salvaged excitement, but Roberts' clumsy direction makes conflicts feel like rehearsals rather than life-or-death struggles Skirt Gate - The famous blooper where a falling door clearly weighs nothing as Janet Fielding's every tiny movement lifts it Ingrid Pitt's karate vs. the Myrka - The former Hammer horror star (playing Dr. Solow) deliberately aged herself up and performed unconvincing martial arts against the creature in an obvious first-take Reptilian Reunion: First team-up of Silurians and Sea Devils - Despite being "cousins," the two reptilian species look nothing alike, with Sea Devils acting as subservient warriors to Silurian scientists Redesigned Sea Devils - New helmets with Asian-influenced design reminiscent of Buck Rogers' Draconians, with illuminated third eyes solving the mouth-movement problem Jim argues this represents Doctor Who's aging fanbase problem - like 1980s comics, the show wasn't attracting new young viewers, leaving only "cranky old fans" who'd seen every trope before. The hosts debate whether the Doctor's final moment of regret will carry into the next serial, with John insisting it must affect the character going forward. Extended Listener Mail Segment: The episode features six emails discussing The Five Doctors, providing retrospective thoughts on the anniversary special, Tom Baker's absence, Richard Hurndall's performance, and various behind-the-scenes details. Subscribe to The Doctor's Beard Podcast on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, Google Podcasts, Amazon Music, and all major podcast platforms. Connect with our passionate Whovian community by emailing us at thedoctorsbeardpodcast@gmail.com or joining our active Facebook and BlueSky discussions for exclusive Doctor Who content, character analysis, and fan theories. Check out Jim Beard's latest creative release - a beautiful blank journal book "Snowball Strums a Story" featuring an original sketch from Jim himself, perfect for Whovians and creative writers! Available now on Amazon for only $7.99 with 200 pages of lined and blank pages: https://www.amazon.com/Snowball-Strums-Story-Thinkin-Journal/dp/B0FTVDVD45 Become a Patreon member today for early episode access, bonus behind-the-scenes content, exclusive deep-dive Doctor Who analysis, and special multimedia reviews covering comics, audio dramas, and music. Your support helps us continue our complete journey through Classic Doctor Who! Hashtags: #DoctorWho #WarriorsOfTheDeep #ClassicDoctorWho #FifthDoctor #PeterDavison #Season21 #Silurians #SeaDevils #Myrka #ReptilianReunion #Icthar #TeganJovanka #JanetFielding #Turlough #MarkStrickson #BaseUnderSiege #ProductionDisaster #TheMyrka #BehindTheScenes #MichaelGrade #JohnnyByrne #PennantRoberts #MargaretThatcher #BBCProduction #DoctorWho1984 #ProductionNightmare #DrSolow #IngridPitt #SeaBase4 #UnderwaterBase #2084 #ColdWarSciFi #MoralDilemma #Genocide #HexachromiteGas #DoctorWhoReview #DoctorWhoPodcast #TheDoctorsBeardPodcast #TARDIS #Whovian #DoctorWhoHistory #ClassicWho #BBC #BritishSciFi #DoctorWhoFandom #ProductionProblems #SpecialEffectsDisaster #PepperPots #ReptilianAliens #DoctorWhoVillains #JonPertwee #ThirdDoctor #SkirtGate #WardrobeMalfunction #DrNo #JamesBond
HEADLINE: Life on Land Collaboration: Devonian Mycorrhizae and Silurian Deep-Sea Vents BOOK TITLE: Other Lands, A Journey Through Earth's Extinct Worlds GUEST AUTHOR NAME: Thomas Halliday 200-WORD SUMMARY: This source details the move of life onto land and the origins of ecosystems. In the Devonian(407 million years ago), life thrived through collaboration, notably the crucial partnership of Mycorrhizae (fungi and roots). This collaboration was essential for plants to develop roots and extract mineral resources from rocks, while the fungi gained energy from plant photosynthesis. Evidence from Rynie, Scotland—a Yellowstone-like ecosystem with hot springs—shows detailed preservation of these interactions. The largest organism on land at this time was Prototaxites, a lichen structure that grew up to 9 meters tall. Arthropods, such as the freshwater shrimp Rhyniella, were among the first animals to inhabit the land. The conversation shifts to the Silurian (435 million years ago) and the deep ocean. The site of Yaman-Kassie is the earliest known fossilized hydrothermal vent with organisms living on it. These deep-sea vents support life via a chemical-based food chain independent of light. Halliday references the major hypothesis that life itself originated at similar deep alkaline vents, based on replicable chemistry that naturally creates the necessary hydrogen ion gradients. The segment concludes with the Ordovician mass extinction (444 million years ago), the first of the "big five" mass extinctions, which was caused by global cooling followed by rapid warming, stressing marine life with a high rate of climate change.
What will remain of us hundreds of millions of years from now? And how can we be so certain that we are the first technologically advanced species on Earth?These unsettling questions have been haunting listener Steve. If fossils can be lost to deep time through erosion and subduction into the Earth's mantle, how would anyone — or anything — ever know that we had been here? And if an earlier species had built a civilization that rose and fell, would we even be able to find traces of it?To investigate, CrowdScience presenter Caroline Steel speaks to the scientists trying to answer these questions, while producer Sam Baker goes fossil hunting on the Jurassic Coast in the UK. Caroline speaks with astrophysicist Adam Frank at the University of Rochester in the US, who along with NASA scientist Gavin Schmidt developed the Silurian hypothesis – the idea that if an advanced species had existed deep in Earth's past, they might have vanished without leaving a trace. But palaeontologists Jan Zalasiewicz and Sarah Gabbott from the University of Leicester in the UK argue that humans are already leaving an indelible mark in the form the chemical and material fingerprints we're pressing into Earth's crust. They contend that the ‘technofossils' we are producing will last a very long time indeed.Along the way, Caroline and producer Sam discover just how rare fossils really are, how even the tiniest particles of pollution will give us away to far-future explorers, and why car parks might be our ultimate legacy. What they find is at once unsettling and oddly comforting: humanity could be fleeting, but our impact probably won't be.Could we really have missed evidence of an ancient civilization? And what strange clues will we leave behind for whoever, or whatever, comes next? We explore Earth's geological memory to find out.Presenter: Caroline Steel Producer: Sam Baker Editor: Ben Motley(Photo: Old phone embedded in concrete layer with defocused landscape background Credit: Petra Richli Via Getty Images)
The gang discusses two papers that look at some exceptional soft-tissue preservation during the Silurian. The first paper potentially identifies a unique type of pterobranch, and the second paper looks at some early molluscs. Meanwhile, James has seen some movies, Amanda has a skibidi day, and Curt's soul dies. Up-Goer Five (Curt Edition): The friends talk about two animals from a long time ago that are only found as soft parts and that makes it hard to find the parts of them that were in the ground a long long time ago. The first paper looks at an animal that is not well known in the past but is close to another animal that is better known. These soft parts are weird and people did not know what they were for a long while. This paper makes the case for this being one of this group of animals that all live in long empty round things together. They also say that this one may have lived moving in the water even though the ones today all sit at the bottom of the water on the ground. The second paper looks at another group of animals that many today have a hard part on them and some of them turn their body when they grow. The animals that they are looking at do not do these things. They have hair and are long. These are animals are from a group that we think might be close to what the early animals in this group today would have looked like. The friends talk about this paper because they gave the animals funny names. References: Briggs, Derek EG, and Nicolás Mongiardino Koch. "A Silurian pseudocolonial pterobranch." Current Biology 33.23 (2023): 5225-5232. Sutton, Mark D., et al. "New Silurian aculiferan fossils reveal complex early history of Mollusca." Nature (2025): 1-6.
A wild range of topics this week, including Ben's 70s porn star outfit, the correct name for a female snake, and whether or not we would boink an alien. And of course, the concluding part of the Silurian two-parter!About Time: www.linktree.com/abouttimecast
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 312 – "Joy to the World" episode Promotional poster, featuring the caption "Joy to the Worlds" Cast – – Joy Almondo Others – – Trev Simpkins Steph de Whalley – Anita Benn – Hotel Manager Peter Benedict – Basil Flockhart – Hilda Flockhart Niamh Marie Smith – Phil Baxter – Samuel Sherpa-Moore – Ruchi Rai – Receptionist Joshua Leese – Mr Single Ell Potter – Server Liam Prince-Donnelly – Barman Fiona Marr – Angela Grace Production Directed by Alex Sanjiv Pillai Written by Script editor David Cheung Produced by Alison Sterling Executive producer(s) Joel Collins Steven Moffat Music by Running time 54 minutes First broadcast 25 December 2024 Chronology ← Preceded by "" Followed by → — "Joy to the World" is an episode of the British series . It was broadcast on and released on on 25 December 2024 as the fifteenth since the show's revival in 2005. In the episode, the of discovers a strange hotel at Christmastime that has harnessed the power of time travel and finds a mysterious briefcase. While investigating, he meets new Joy Almondo (guest star ) who helps him solve the mystery. "Joy to the World" was written by and directed by Alex Sanjiv Pillai. It was filmed in October and November 2023. Plot [] arrives at the Time Hotel, an establishment in the year 4202 that allows guests to visit various points in history, several of which the Doctor visits during the episode. The Doctor enlists the aid of Trev, a worker at the hotel, as he investigates a mysterious man holding a briefcase. As each new person is tricked into taking the briefcase, it takes control of them, and the previous carrier disintegrates. Trev's manager arrives in Joy Almondo's London hotel room in 2024 with the briefcase, and the Doctor following him. The briefcase takes control of Joy, and the Doctor opens it, finding a strange device inside. The briefcase is about to disintegrate Joy, when a Doctor from the future arrives from the Time Hotel and gives them an override code. The future Doctor then returns to the Time Hotel with Joy, stranding the current Doctor in 2024. He takes a job working at Joy's hotel, befriending the manager Anita, and awaiting an opportunity to get back to the Time Hotel the following Christmas. A year later, the Doctor re-enters the Time Hotel, and gives his past self the code (which he'd obtained by the ), then departs with Joy. They open a door to the distant past, where the Doctor frees Joy from the briefcase by provoking her anger at being unable to be with her dying mother due to . The briefcase reveals itself to be of origin, with plans to detonate a "star seed" to use as an energy source, using the hotel's time travel to allow it to grow in the past. The briefcase is eaten by a , and the Doctor and Joy flee. Trev, who connected psychically to Villengard's system before he died, contacts the Doctor through his . Trev reveals the briefcase's location, and the Doctor finds it sealed in a shrine. The Doctor is able to open it, but Joy takes the briefcase outside, and lets the star seed enter her. Joy and the other people killed by the seed pilot it into space, where it detonates safely. At various points in time, the star gives hope and comfort to those who see it, including Joy's dying mother and . The Doctor sees that that the star was also the . Production [] Development [] Former Doctor Who showrunner penned the episode. , the Doctor Who , initially began writing the 2024 Christmas special. Davies had sent a portion of the script to former showrunner to get his opinion on it. At the time, Davies was in discussions with Moffat to have him write a script for the . When Davies realised he was too busy to complete the script, he shelved it and asked Moffat to write the Christmas episode instead. Moffat considered writing a , but decided against it, believing that such an episode would be better suited mid-series. Despite this, he said the episode still had a comedic tone with emotional elements. Here's the pitch that got me the job. You know in just about every hotel room you've been in there's a locked door? It's weird, but there always is. Okay. We're about to blow apart the truth of that. In the far future there is a place called the Time hotel, and the Time Hotel has realised something brilliant, which is following the discovery of time travel they have an opportunity to sell all the rooms they failed to sell the last time. So they have built extensions into more or less every hotel room in history, and you get access to it occasionally. — Steven Moffat, "The Joy Bringer", 3 December 2024 Half the script had been completed before Davies informed Moffat that wouldn't be in the special. The character of Anita originally only had around ten lines but her presence was increased after the production team became fond of her. Moffat had finished writing the episode by 20 July 2023. Working titles for the episode included "The Time Hotel" and "Christmas, Everywhere All at Once". The story further explores the "Villengard Corporation", a recurring fictional company that has been mentioned in a number of Moffat's Doctor Who episodes. The Doctor last confronted Villengard in the episode "" (2024). It is the ninth Doctor Who Christmas special to be written by Moffat who once again assumed an role during production of the episode. Casting [] In November 2023, was announced to be appearing in an undisclosed role of an upcoming Doctor Who episode. It was later revealed that Coughlan would star in the 2024 Christmas episode as the Doctor's one-off companion, Joy Almondo, a guest at a hotel who "gets caught up in [the Doctor's] adventures." Initial reports indicated that , who portrays the Doctor's current companion Ruby Sunday, would not appear in the special. Gibson however, made a brief near the end of the episode.. was cast to play Trev, an employee at the Time Hotel while portrayed the hotel's manager. Steph de Whalley appeared as Anita, the manager of another hotel whom the Doctor spends a year with. Niamh Marie Smith played , a passenger on the in 1962, whom Moffat confirmed as the same character as the love interest of in the films (1962) and (1963). Historical figures and were depicted, at a , by Phil Baxter and Samuel Sherpa-Moore, respectively. Sherpa-Moore is Norgay's great-great nephew. Peter Benedict and appeared as Basil and Hilda, guests at the Queen's Hotel in Manchester during . The guest cast also included Ruchi Rai, Joshua Leese, Ell Potter, and Liam Prince-Donnelly. Filming [] for the episode was underway at by 11 October 2023. The room was built on a that allowed the set to tilt to give the effect that it was being eaten by a dinosaur. The was working on by 17 October. The graphics team took fifteen 11-hour days to create enough artwork to fill the Doctor's hotel room. Seven different briefcases were purchased by the for use in the episode. A team at Millennium FX designed the Silurian prosthetics. began on 23 October, with recording extending into November. "Joy to the World" was directed by Alex Sanjiv Pillai in the first filming block of the . For the Sandringham Hotel, the production team chose to purchase two floors of an actual hotel, but had to build the lobby on a . The top of the Orient Express set was built in front of a and placed on to allow the special effects team to replicate the look of a moving train. Mika Orasmaa was the episodes . Release and reception [] Professional ratings Aggregate scores Source Rating (Tomatometer) 80% (Average Score) 7.3/10 Review scores Source Rating B– 10/10 Broadcast and promotion [] "Joy to the World" was broadcast on and released on on 25 December 2024 at 5:10 PM . In the United States the episode was released on at 9:10 AM . also handled international distribution of the episode outside of the United Kingdom and Northern Ireland. A clip and for the episode was released on 15 November as part of the 2024 broadcast. The press screening took place in the week prior to broadcast, which was hosted by . Promotional posters released by captioned the poster with "Joy to the Worlds", mirroring the title "Joy to the World". Ratings [] In the UK, Doctor Who was the sixth most-watched programme on Christmas Day, receiving 4.11 million viewers overnight. Critical response [] On the website , 80% of 15 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 7.3/10. Writing for , Michael Hogan referred to "Joy to the World" as "the best Christmas adventure for more than a decade." He further elaborated by saying that "there's something here for all generations to enjoy" and praising the guest cast, namely Nicola Coughlan, Steph de Walley, and Joel Fry. Authoring a review for , Louise Griffin also praised the guest cast but felt that Coughlan had been underused. 's Robert Anderson wrote that the special "masterfully blends the show's signature whimsy with heartfelt storytelling, delivering a cozy, deeply human tale about the transformative power of friendship" and that "Moffat's excellent script is central to the episode's success." The writing was also applauded by Adi Tantimedh, who writing for , said "Moffat pins down the core of what makes Ncuti Gatwa's Doctor different from all his predecessors." Stephen Robinson with the criticised the Doctor's characterization, saying the "there are key moments in the story that directly contradict the Doctor's former growth" and that "he's a mix of the 'lonely god' from Russell T Davies' first run and Steven Moffat's 'madman in a box,' and the effect is discordant." Emily Murray from also criticised a portion of the episode, writing that the "villains quite frankly feel like an afterthought and feel threadbare."
Cast yourselves back once again dear friends to some hijinks of a time gone by. This episode was all about a Celtic war chief that led the Silurian's to war against the invading Romans and of course the clip is about something equally as important, the drinking antics at Download Festival. Full episode here for all you keenos.
In How the New World Became Old: The Deep Time Revolution in America (Princeton UP, 2024), Caroline Winterer, William Robertson Coe Professor of History and American Studies at Stanford University, takes her reader on a journey through the historical strata of the United States' relationship with deep time. From the early days of the republic to the first half of the twentieth century, Winterer retraces how the study of the continent's geological past provided Americans with “a vocabulary with which to frame their nation's place in the cosmic order.” If the bones of dinosaurs found in the West play an expected part in this history, the book highlights the forgotten roles of less conspicuous, yet just as fascinating, fossils, such as the remains of Silurian trilobites and Carboniferous ferns. The book shows how fossil finds throughout history helped re-imagine, many times over, the past, present, and future of the United States. Far from simply ennobling the “New World” with an antiquity that could compete with the depth of Europe's past, the study of American fossils influenced how Americans thought about the origins, landscapes, resources, and the many peoples of the continent. Indeed, if the author makes room for the intriguing developments of paleontological discoveries and the riveting story of how “Americans crafted a virtual deep time” made of paintings, magic lanterns, and other models, she also addresses the violence, both toward ecosystems and people, often justified by deep time imaginaries. Through its historical investigation, How the New World Became Old reminds the reader that today's responses to intertwined ecological and social challenges will inevitably be informed by our conceptions of deep time. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network
In How the New World Became Old: The Deep Time Revolution in America (Princeton UP, 2024), Caroline Winterer, William Robertson Coe Professor of History and American Studies at Stanford University, takes her reader on a journey through the historical strata of the United States' relationship with deep time. From the early days of the republic to the first half of the twentieth century, Winterer retraces how the study of the continent's geological past provided Americans with “a vocabulary with which to frame their nation's place in the cosmic order.” If the bones of dinosaurs found in the West play an expected part in this history, the book highlights the forgotten roles of less conspicuous, yet just as fascinating, fossils, such as the remains of Silurian trilobites and Carboniferous ferns. The book shows how fossil finds throughout history helped re-imagine, many times over, the past, present, and future of the United States. Far from simply ennobling the “New World” with an antiquity that could compete with the depth of Europe's past, the study of American fossils influenced how Americans thought about the origins, landscapes, resources, and the many peoples of the continent. Indeed, if the author makes room for the intriguing developments of paleontological discoveries and the riveting story of how “Americans crafted a virtual deep time” made of paintings, magic lanterns, and other models, she also addresses the violence, both toward ecosystems and people, often justified by deep time imaginaries. Through its historical investigation, How the New World Became Old reminds the reader that today's responses to intertwined ecological and social challenges will inevitably be informed by our conceptions of deep time. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/history
In How the New World Became Old: The Deep Time Revolution in America (Princeton UP, 2024), Caroline Winterer, William Robertson Coe Professor of History and American Studies at Stanford University, takes her reader on a journey through the historical strata of the United States' relationship with deep time. From the early days of the republic to the first half of the twentieth century, Winterer retraces how the study of the continent's geological past provided Americans with “a vocabulary with which to frame their nation's place in the cosmic order.” If the bones of dinosaurs found in the West play an expected part in this history, the book highlights the forgotten roles of less conspicuous, yet just as fascinating, fossils, such as the remains of Silurian trilobites and Carboniferous ferns. The book shows how fossil finds throughout history helped re-imagine, many times over, the past, present, and future of the United States. Far from simply ennobling the “New World” with an antiquity that could compete with the depth of Europe's past, the study of American fossils influenced how Americans thought about the origins, landscapes, resources, and the many peoples of the continent. Indeed, if the author makes room for the intriguing developments of paleontological discoveries and the riveting story of how “Americans crafted a virtual deep time” made of paintings, magic lanterns, and other models, she also addresses the violence, both toward ecosystems and people, often justified by deep time imaginaries. Through its historical investigation, How the New World Became Old reminds the reader that today's responses to intertwined ecological and social challenges will inevitably be informed by our conceptions of deep time. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/intellectual-history
In How the New World Became Old: The Deep Time Revolution in America (Princeton UP, 2024), Caroline Winterer, William Robertson Coe Professor of History and American Studies at Stanford University, takes her reader on a journey through the historical strata of the United States' relationship with deep time. From the early days of the republic to the first half of the twentieth century, Winterer retraces how the study of the continent's geological past provided Americans with “a vocabulary with which to frame their nation's place in the cosmic order.” If the bones of dinosaurs found in the West play an expected part in this history, the book highlights the forgotten roles of less conspicuous, yet just as fascinating, fossils, such as the remains of Silurian trilobites and Carboniferous ferns. The book shows how fossil finds throughout history helped re-imagine, many times over, the past, present, and future of the United States. Far from simply ennobling the “New World” with an antiquity that could compete with the depth of Europe's past, the study of American fossils influenced how Americans thought about the origins, landscapes, resources, and the many peoples of the continent. Indeed, if the author makes room for the intriguing developments of paleontological discoveries and the riveting story of how “Americans crafted a virtual deep time” made of paintings, magic lanterns, and other models, she also addresses the violence, both toward ecosystems and people, often justified by deep time imaginaries. Through its historical investigation, How the New World Became Old reminds the reader that today's responses to intertwined ecological and social challenges will inevitably be informed by our conceptions of deep time. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/american-studies
In How the New World Became Old: The Deep Time Revolution in America (Princeton UP, 2024), Caroline Winterer, William Robertson Coe Professor of History and American Studies at Stanford University, takes her reader on a journey through the historical strata of the United States' relationship with deep time. From the early days of the republic to the first half of the twentieth century, Winterer retraces how the study of the continent's geological past provided Americans with “a vocabulary with which to frame their nation's place in the cosmic order.” If the bones of dinosaurs found in the West play an expected part in this history, the book highlights the forgotten roles of less conspicuous, yet just as fascinating, fossils, such as the remains of Silurian trilobites and Carboniferous ferns. The book shows how fossil finds throughout history helped re-imagine, many times over, the past, present, and future of the United States. Far from simply ennobling the “New World” with an antiquity that could compete with the depth of Europe's past, the study of American fossils influenced how Americans thought about the origins, landscapes, resources, and the many peoples of the continent. Indeed, if the author makes room for the intriguing developments of paleontological discoveries and the riveting story of how “Americans crafted a virtual deep time” made of paintings, magic lanterns, and other models, she also addresses the violence, both toward ecosystems and people, often justified by deep time imaginaries. Through its historical investigation, How the New World Became Old reminds the reader that today's responses to intertwined ecological and social challenges will inevitably be informed by our conceptions of deep time.
In How the New World Became Old: The Deep Time Revolution in America (Princeton UP, 2024), Caroline Winterer, William Robertson Coe Professor of History and American Studies at Stanford University, takes her reader on a journey through the historical strata of the United States' relationship with deep time. From the early days of the republic to the first half of the twentieth century, Winterer retraces how the study of the continent's geological past provided Americans with “a vocabulary with which to frame their nation's place in the cosmic order.” If the bones of dinosaurs found in the West play an expected part in this history, the book highlights the forgotten roles of less conspicuous, yet just as fascinating, fossils, such as the remains of Silurian trilobites and Carboniferous ferns. The book shows how fossil finds throughout history helped re-imagine, many times over, the past, present, and future of the United States. Far from simply ennobling the “New World” with an antiquity that could compete with the depth of Europe's past, the study of American fossils influenced how Americans thought about the origins, landscapes, resources, and the many peoples of the continent. Indeed, if the author makes room for the intriguing developments of paleontological discoveries and the riveting story of how “Americans crafted a virtual deep time” made of paintings, magic lanterns, and other models, she also addresses the violence, both toward ecosystems and people, often justified by deep time imaginaries. Through its historical investigation, How the New World Became Old reminds the reader that today's responses to intertwined ecological and social challenges will inevitably be informed by our conceptions of deep time. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
The Doctor's always running into people from Earth's past on TV, in a genre now known as the 'celebrity historical'. Here, we have David Tennant's Tenth Doctor travelling solo, finding himself in the Galopagos Islands, where he not only encounters a young Charles Darwin, but also... the Silurians. We're delighted to be joined by author L D Lapinski, as they tell us about getting the commission, and how they have also recently moved to Scotland.
What if I told you there might have been advanced civilizations on Earth long before the ones we know about?
What would you like to see more of? Let us know!In today's episode of Discover Daily, we explore the world's first fully AI-generated video game, Oasis, developed by Israeli company Decart. Running entirely on a large language model, this groundbreaking game generates its Minecraft-like world in real-time, offering a unique glimpse into the future of gaming despite current technical limitations.We also investigate the concerning trend of "ghost jobs" flooding the job market, with an estimated 70% of current listings potentially being positions companies have no immediate plans to fill. As this practice reaches new heights in the consulting industry and tech sector, we examine how governments are beginning to take action, with Ontario implementing new transparency rules and New Jersey considering similar legislation.Our deep dive explores the fascinating Silurian Hypothesis, which questions whether humans were truly Earth's first technological civilization. This thought-provoking theory examines how we might detect evidence of an ancient industrial society through chemical and isotopic signatures, while highlighting the challenges of preservation over geological timescales. From cephalopod intelligence to potential evidence on the Moon and Mars, we uncover how this hypothesis is reshaping our understanding of Earth's deep history.From Perplexity Discover Feed: https://www.perplexity.ai/page/world-s-first-ai-generated-vid-ciMFuqV1SIC1niyYfXVYbghttps://www.perplexity.ai/page/ghost-jobs-flood-the-market-8hipOZEuQTGr_7kmxhthHQhttps://www.perplexity.ai/page/the-silurian-hypothesis-iMUzeEJvRj.nWTJ1ZjJ6QAPerplexity is the fastest and most powerful way to search the web. Perplexity crawls the web and curates the most relevant and up-to-date sources (from academic papers to Reddit threads) to create the perfect response to any question or topic you're interested in. Take the world's knowledge with you anywhere. Available on iOS and Android Join our growing Discord community for the latest updates and exclusive content. Follow us on: Instagram Threads X (Twitter) YouTube Linkedin
Join us as we discuss our hatred of Oklahoma State Superintendent Ryan Walters, New Zealand's Haka in Parliament, Mike Tyson's ass, Netflix buffering like it's the 90's, childhood tv shows, the Silurian period, and so much more!
It's an exciting week for Doctor Who content as a new “Joy to the World” clip surfaced on Children in Need featuring snark, dinosaurs, and a Silurian in a briefcase along with a teaser from the episode's writer, one Steven Moffat! Plus a “Coming in 2025” trailer for Disney+ that does not feature Doctor Who at all? Controversial? Not really. Plus Ncuti Gatwa in Vanity Fair being handsome as usual, a sneak peek at updated Blake's 7 effects, and an exciting adventure in space and time as we present a special anniversary-themed Classic Series Commentary of the raw pilot recording of “An Unearthly Child”, a flub-filled exploration of early 1960s television production! Links: Support Radio Free Skaro on Patreon Gallifrey One now on Bluesky, Instagram, and Threads Gallifrey One call for panelists Doctor Who teaser on Children in Need Children in Need raised over £39M Steven Moffat teases “Joy to the World” Doctor Who not listed in Disney+ “Coming In 2025” Trailer Ncuti Gatwa profiled in Vanity Fair (paywall) Gatwa posted some clips of the Vanity Fair photoshoot Blake's 7 Series 1 Updated Effects Colin Baker reunited with his Doctor Who title sequence Big Finish: Faithful Friends due Jan 2025 Big Finish: The Worlds of Doctor Who – Call Me Master: Inner Demons due Feb 2025 AMC completes purchase of BBC America for $42M Commentary: An Unearthly Child – The Pilot RFS Commentary on YouTube
Send us a textIn this show, the boys discuss the Silurian Hypothesis, which proposes the possibility of a past civilization that existed on Earth long ago, despite the absence of structural or fossil records to support their existence. Instead, they explore whether there might be evidence in more advanced areas, such as radioactivity or isotopes, that could indicate the presence of such an advanced civilization.But what do you think?Links used during the show-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silurian_hypothesis-https://1drv.ms/i/s!Ag5Dokfg-kEjh4Qt1zXVYN-ZSqvfrw?e=9t8uwh-https://1drv.ms/i/s!Ag5Dokfg-kEjh4Q8wwsE77YCPyGJ_g?e=YcMKYv-https://1drv.ms/i/s!Ag5Dokfg-kEjh4Q_ISHYK0-LuCsL-g?e=JgxoUN-https://1drv.ms/i/s!Ag5Dokfg-kEjh4RAANsCk8n5xEObKA?e=tcfZCs-https://1drv.ms/i/s!Ag5Dokfg-kEjh4RBfUH-u95VBQ4lVA?e=pc1MUr-https://1drv.ms/i/s!Ag5Dokfg-kEjh4RC8HVtV5XTpleW7A?e=Ki6Z46What are your thoughts on this subject? Do you agree or disagree? And are there other things you feel they should have covered?Tune in and listen to the discussion - and please let us have your feedback on it.Although we much prefer effusive praise
Luis Elizondo, former Army Counterintelligence and direction of AATIP, was recently on the Joe Rogan podcast where he said that there are men in the US government who see the UAP phenomenon as a form of military IPB or intelligence, surveillance and target acquisition, and therefore full disclosure would potentially result in a full scale invasion as it does when US intelligence assets are discovered. He also said that, anecdotally, there have been craft seen in the ocean that are the size of small islands. And back in April 2024 an anomaly was indeed seen off the coast of Africa, estimated to be the size of a US state. It is very possible, maybe even probable, that contemporary human civilization is living alongside an even more advanced civilization, just as we live alongside (estimated) hundreds of unconnected Stone Age tribes today. Furthermore, it may be difficult if not impossible to find archeological evidence of previous advanced civilizations in the geological record, if they did indeed exist. The Silurian Hypothesis states that human beings might not be the first intelligent life forms to have evolved on this planet: that there may have been technologically advanced humans some 100 million years ago. Evidence would be almost impossible to obtain, though there may be evidence in stories, myths, legends, and hints in the later geological and archeological record. This idea also suggests to many that the UAP, at least what elements don't relate to the psyche itself, may be an advanced parallel, or break away, human civilization living alongside our own today. Just beyond Earth there is also the possibility that, if life flourished everywhere in the universe, as opposed to the idea that it was only on our planet, then humans may be relatively un-advanced and unaware of the presence of other civilizations all around us. Perhaps our new mini-moon, which should orbit for a few months, is nothing more than a Bracewell Probe to monitor the planet. In conclusion, if the concern of UFO intelligence gathering prior to invasion is indeed what worries the Pentagon, which has authorized Elizondo to say only certain things, then perhaps they want the idea of an alien invasion in the public mind. This would lend credit to Dr. Carol Rosin's warning from Werner Von Braun, that after Russia, terrorists, dictators, and asteroids, the “threat” of aliens would be used to manipulate the public - though it would be a lie.-FREE ARCHIVE & RSS: https://www.spreaker.com/show/the-secret-teachings Twitter: https://twitter.com/TST___Radio Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/thesecretteachings WEBSITE (BOOKS, RESUBSCRIBE for early show access): http://thesecretteachings.info Paypal: rdgable@yahoo.com CashApp: $rdgable EMAIL: rdgable@yahoo.com / TSTRadio@protonmail.com
The first of 3 straight 7 part stories has The Marrieds worn out, but they come around a bit during their discussion of the first Silurian story. Pay attention to the beginning to get the link to this year's Wheelie Big Quiz charity drive!
THIS WEEK!! Adam introduces the Silurian Hypothesis and it immediately gets sidetracked by "a bit". Which, let's be real, is kind of how this all works. Then, a song about God tiring of us humans and attempting to sell the lot, and boy, is it a bargain. Because we suck. Humans are fucking garbage. And then, Atari is alright with Rodney, but not his grandpa. My Real Friends Are Made Of 8 Bits. Speaking of which, go check out the accompanying video of us on YouTube making this here episode. Search ADGROD on YouTube.
The universe is billions of years old. If, in the future, humanity were to explore the galaxy and visit other planets around other stars, we might be visiting places where at one time, an advanced civilization once existed. However, if such a civilization existed, it might have been millions of years in the past. If that was the case, how would we even know that it existed? Also, what if we ask that same question of Earth rather than of alien worlds? Learn more about the Silurian Hypothesis on this episode of Everything Everywhere Daily. Sponsors Sign up for ButcherBox today by going to Butcherbox.com/daily and use code daily at checkout to get $30 off your first box! Subscribe to the podcast! https://link.chtbl.com/EverythingEverywhere?sid=ShowNotes -------------------------------- Executive Producer: Charles Daniel Associate Producers: Ben Long & Cameron Kieffer Become a supporter on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/everythingeverywhere Update your podcast app at newpodcastapps.com Discord Server: https://discord.gg/UkRUJFh Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/everythingeverywhere/ Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/everythingeverywheredaily Twitter: https://twitter.com/everywheretrip Website: https://everything-everywhere.com/ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
This week Magnum & Izzo discuss whether or not humans were the first advanced industrial civilization on Earth. EPISODE 125 OF THE SWERVE PODCAST ↩️
In this episode, Noelle breaks our brains with The Silurian Hypothesis, a speculative concept proposing the possibility of advanced civilizations existing on Earth millions of years before humans. We explore the scientific evidence and theories behind this thought-provoking idea, questioning what traces, if any, could remain from such ancient societies. Join us as we unravel the mysteries of Earth's deep past and ponder the limits of our understanding.Stay tuned after the show for the heartbreaking, gut wrenching story... of Ground Beef Greg. Sourceshttps://ourworldindata.org/mass-extinctionshttps://www.discovery.com/exploration/Advanced-Civilization-Silurian-Hypothesis https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-journal-of-astrobiology/article/silurian-hypothesis-would-it-be-possible-to-detect-an-industrial-civilization-in-the-geological-record/77818514AA6907750B8F4339F7C70EC6https://www.iflscience.com/the-silurian-hypothesis-could-an-advanced-civilization-have-lived-on-earth-millions-of-years-before-humans-64488https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20180215-how-does-fossilisation-happenhttps://www.sciencefocus.com/science/if-humans-became-extinct-how-long-would-it-take-for-all-traces-of-us-to-vanish https://askanearthspacescientist.asu.edu/drake-equation#:~:text=The%20Drake%20Equation%20is%20part,easy%20to%20discover%20alien%20life. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324472175_The_Silurian_Hypothesis_Would_it_be_possible_to_detect_an_industrial_civilization_in_the_geological_record Support the Show.Hit us up on social mediaFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/QuiteUnusualPod/Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1349829115227754Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/quiteunusualpod/Twitter: https://twitter.com/quiteunusualpodSend us your Listener Lore!Send us an email: quiteunusualpod@gmail.com Wanna send us something spooky?P.O. Box 1212Des Plaines, IL, 60017
☢️☢️☢️ Paul and Stephen are joined by Stuff You Should Know's Chuck Bryant for a deep wag on lizard people, the importance and impermanence of what we leave behind, the rarity of finding dinosaur bones, nuclear semiotics, and of course, the Silurian Hypothesis. How do we know advanced civilizations didn't exist before us and what does that mean for life on other planets? How can we be sure that proof of past civilizations hasn't decayed without a trace? And why does it even matter if intelligent life was here billions of years ago? What counts as a sign of intelligence and can you build technology without thumbs? Paul and Stephen are all too happy to not be considered experts, or even factually accurate, but if there's one podcast future generations discover, THIS is the Wag that could help define our civilization's legacy. Or not. Get on board Wagoneers! Chin-word of the week: THE ANTIKYTHERA MECHANISM Paul Giamatti is an award-winning actor and producer, and the self-proclaimed Emperor of Neptune. Stephen Asma is a professor and author specializing in the philosophy of science, religion, and art. He also is the acting Minister of Triton for the Chinwag. Chuck Bryant is the co-host of the award-winning podcast Stuff You Should Know. ☢️☢️☢️ ========= Make sure to follow us @chinwagpod
It's called the Silurian Hypothesis (and lest you think scientists aren't nerds, it's named after a bunch of Doctor Who aliens). Basically, it states that human beings might not be the first intelligent life forms to have evolved on this planet and that if there really were precursors some 100 million years ago, virtually all signs of them would have been lost by now. It might seem obvious that we'd see the signs of such a civilization — after all, there were dinosaurs 100 million years ago, and we know that because we've found their fossils. But they were around for more than 150 million years. That's important because it's not just about how old the ruins of this hypothetical civilization would be, nor how widespread it was. It's also about how long it was around. Humanity has spread across the globe in a remarkably short amount of time — over the course of about 100,000 years. If another species did the same, then our chances of spotting it in the geological record would be a whole lot smaller. For decades the archaeological community labored under the theory that human civilization began after the last Ice Age. The theory conjectured that, prior to that time, humans were no more than primitive hunter-gatherers incapable of communal organization or sophisticated abilities, and it was only after the last glacial period—following the melting of the 10,000 foot thick ice sheets that covered much of the northern portion of the world's continents—that our human ancestors began to develop agriculture and complex economic and social structures, sometime around 4000 B.C. Archaeologists therefore theorized that the first cities did not develop until about 3500 B.C. in Mesopotamia and Egypt. Contemporary discoveries have dramatically transformed those theories. Modern research has unearthed buried civilizations and discovered submerged cities one after another—archaeology and anthropology now reconstruct an unsuspected antiquity of man—fresh discoveries prove all history false and paint a canvas of stunningly mysterious dimensions. What if ancient civilizations existed. What would it mean? Let's discuss it.
Stuff You Should Know✓Claim Key Takeaways The Silurian Hypothesis is a thought experiment and scientific inquiry proposed by Adam Frank and Gavin Schmidt, exploring the possibility of advanced civilizations existing on Earth millions of years before humansIt does not claim that such civilizations existed but rather serves as a framework for considering how we might detect signs of ancient advanced societiesAbout one-tenth of 1% of all the species that have ever existed have had one of their individuals fossilizedIn 88 million years, the Himalayan Mountains will be gone; it will just be a meadow where they once wereFuture species will likely find evidence of our nuclear tests, which include compounds such as plutonium 244 and 129The earth's surface erodes at 0.1 millimeters per year Whether a civilization is long-lived or short-lived, the record it leaves will be a blimp on the geological record, in the grand scheme of time Read the full notes @ podcastnotes.orgThe idea that we aren't the first advanced civilization to live on Earth sounds like a fringe theory, but it raises a good question: How can we be so sure that a civilization didn't arise and die on Earth so long ago that any trace of it has been erased?See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
The idea that we aren't the first advanced civilization to live on Earth sounds like a fringe theory, but it raises a good question: How can we be so sure that a civilization didn't arise and die on Earth so long ago that any trace of it has been erased?See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
João e Luís Batalha são criadores do site Fermat's Library, uma plataforma para comentar e discutir artigos académicos, que tem dado que falar internacionalmente. O Luís é físico de formação, pelo I.S. Técnico, e o João estudou Ciência da Computação no MIT, nos EUA. -> Apoie este podcast e faça parte da comunidade de mecenas do 45 Graus em: 45grauspodcast.com ->Inscreva-se aqui nas novas sessões do workshop de Pensamento Crítico, módulo As Causas das Coisas (explicações). _______________ Índice: (5:51) Fermat's Library | Porque os papers tem este formato? Preprint (Arxiv) | Paper de Ian Goodfellow (20:29) O que explica o crescente interesse das pessoas por Ciência? Huberman Lab (podcast) (26:53) Vantagens de trabalhar em equipa. | Y Combinator e o nº ideal de founders (argumento para preferir dois ou mais; investigação que contraria esta tese) | História da Dropbox (31:31) Paper 1: Enrico Fermi e a explosão Trinity | Estimativas de Fermi | Tweet do Luís sobre a explosão em Beirute (36:27) Paper 2: The Silurian hypothesis | Paradoxo de Fermi | Esferas de Dyson. | Andy Weir (autor) | A descoberta do pai e filho Alvarez sobre a extinção dos dinossauros (56:18) Paper 3: Technological Requirements for Terraforming Mars | Notícia do NYT de 1907 sobre vida inteligente em Marte | Paralelo entre exploração espacial e os Descobrimentos. | Tweet de Elon Musk sobre este paper (1:08:42) Como criar uma Ciência mais aberta? O exemplo da Física | John Ioannidis. Lei de Goodhart. (1:16:38) Potencial do Machine Learning na Ciência. Post de Terence Tao (matemático) (1:29:01) Ida ao Lex Fridman podcast | Hot Ones show _______________ Certo dia (que na verdade já foi há uns 2 anos), ao percorrer no meu telemóvel o feed de podcasts, apareceu-me um episódio do Lex Fridman -- um dos podcast mais ouvidos nos Estados Unidos -- com um apelido que me chamou a atenção, porque denunciava ADN português: Batalha. Os convidados desse episódio eram os irmãos Luís e João Batalha, co-fundadores do site Fermat's Library, uma plataforma para comentar e discutir artigos académicos que criaram juntamente com outro dois amigos, Micael Oliveira e Tymor Hamamsy. A Fermat's library disponibiliza um enorme manancial de artigos (“papers”, na gíria académica), de áreas como a Física, ciências da computação ou Biologia, e permite aos utilizadores fazerem anotações, consultarem as notas deixadas por outros e discutirem entre o conteúdo (no fundo, é uma espécie de clube de leitura de papers académicos) Na altura, achei o projecto deles ultra interessante, gostei da prestação deles no episódio e fiquei com muita vontade de convidá-los para o 45 Graus. Como eles vivem nos EUA, acabou por demorar algum tempo a conciliarmos agendas, mas como vão ver valeu bem a pena a espera. O Luís é físico de formação, pelo Técnico, e o João estudou Ciência da Computação no MIT, nos EUA. São também, com Micael Oliveira, fundadores da Amplemarket, uma empresa de software de vendas impulsionado por inteligência artificial (e que é na verdade o trabalho principal deles). Em paralelo, vão mantendo a Fermat's Library. Fazem-no sobretudo por gosto, mas também, como vão perceber, com alguns objetivos ambiciosos em termso de impacto na Ciência. Ao longo da nossa conversa, começámos por falar, claro, deste projecto: desde a origem, ao modo como funciona, as áreas com maior nº de papers e também como estes anos lhes têm mostrado que existe um interesse crescente de muitas pessoas pela ciência. Para além do site, o Luís, o João e o Micael fazem também muita divulgação através do Twitter, onde a conta da Fermat's tem uns impressionantes quase 750 mil seguidores! Para perceber na prática como funciona o processo de anotação e discussão de artigos na Fermat's, pedi aos convidados que trouxessem três papers especialmente interessantes para discutirmos (podem os links para os artigos na Fermat's na descrição do episódio): Começámos por falar de um artigo do icónico físico Enrico Fermi sobre a Experiência "Trinity", o primeiro teste nuclear da história, em que ele conseguiu estimar de maneira rápida mas incrivelmente precisa a energia da bomba. Artigo sobre a chamada «hipótese Siluriana», a possibilidade de a nossa civilização não ser a primeira civilização avançada a ter existido na Terra. Ou seja, e ter havido outra que o tempo tenha apagado (sei que isto parece ciência alternativa, mas vão ver que está longe de sê-lo). E um paper que explora os requisitos tecnológicos para a tornar Marte habitável, um tema muito na ordem do dia. Como é fácil de ver, este seria um desafio ultra complexo mas, segundo os autores, não impossível. Mais para o final da conversa, discutimos também algumas vias para criar uma Ciência mais aberta, aprendendo com o que já se faz na Física, e do potencial do Machine Learning para gerar novo conhecimento científico. ______________ Obrigado aos mecenas do podcast: Francisco Hermenegildo, Ricardo Evangelista, Henrique Pais João Baltazar, Salvador Cunha, Abilio Silva, Tiago Leite, Carlos Martins, Galaró family, Corto Lemos, Miguel Marques, Nuno Costa, Nuno e Ana, João Ribeiro, Helder Miranda, Pedro Lima Ferreira, Cesar Carpinteiro, Luis Fernambuco, Fernando Nunes, Manuel Canelas, Tiago Gonçalves, Carlos Pires, João Domingues, Hélio Bragança da Silva, Sandra Ferreira , Paulo Encarnação , BFDC, António Mexia Santos, Luís Guido, Bruno Heleno Tomás Costa, João Saro, Daniel Correia, Rita Mateus, António Padilha, Tiago Queiroz, Carmen Camacho, João Nelas, Francisco Fonseca, Rafael Santos, Andreia Esteves, Ana Teresa Mota, ARUNE BHURALAL, Mário Lourenço, RB, Maria Pimentel, Luis, Geoffrey Marcelino, Alberto Alcalde, António Rocha Pinto, Ruben de Bragança, João Vieira dos Santos, David Teixeira Alves, Armindo Martins , Carlos Nobre, Bernardo Vidal Pimentel, António Oliveira, Paulo Barros, Nuno Brites, Lígia Violas, Tiago Sequeira, Zé da Radio, João Morais, André Gamito, Diogo Costa, Pedro Ribeiro, Bernardo Cortez Vasco Sá Pinto, David , Tiago Pires, Mafalda Pratas, Joana Margarida Alves Martins, Luis Marques, João Raimundo, Francisco Arantes, Mariana Barosa, Nuno Gonçalves, Pedro Rebelo, Miguel Palhas, Ricardo Duarte, Duarte , Tomás Félix, Vasco Lima, Francisco Vasconcelos, Telmo , José Oliveira Pratas, Jose Pedroso, João Diogo Silva, Joao Diogo, José Proença, João Crispim, João Pinho , Afonso Martins, Robertt Valente, João Barbosa, Renato Mendes, Maria Francisca Couto, Antonio Albuquerque, Ana Sousa Amorim, Francisco Santos, Lara Luís, Manuel Martins, Macaco Quitado, Paulo Ferreira, Diogo Rombo, Francisco Manuel Reis, Bruno Lamas, Daniel Almeida, Patrícia Esquível , Diogo Silva, Luis Gomes, Cesar Correia, Cristiano Tavares, Pedro Gaspar, Gil Batista Marinho, Maria Oliveira, João Pereira, Rui Vilao, João Ferreira, Wedge, José Losa, Hélder Moreira, André Abrantes, Henrique Vieira, João Farinha, Manuel Botelho da Silva, João Diamantino, Ana Rita Laureano, Pedro L, Nuno Malvar, Joel, Rui Antunes7, Tomás Saraiva, Cloé Leal de Magalhães, Joao Barbosa, paulo matos, Fábio Monteiro, Tiago Stock, Beatriz Bagulho, Pedro Bravo, Antonio Loureiro, Hugo Ramos, Inês Inocêncio, Telmo Gomes, Sérgio Nunes, Tiago Pedroso, Teresa Pimentel, Rita Noronha, miguel farracho, José Fangueiro, Zé, Margarida Correia-Neves, Bruno Pinto Vitorino, João Lopes, Joana Pereirinha, Gonçalo Baptista, Dario Rodrigues, tati lima, Pedro On The Road, Catarina Fonseca, JC Pacheco, Sofia Ferreira, Inês Ribeiro, Miguel Jacinto, Tiago Agostinho, Margarida Costa Almeida, Helena Pinheiro, Rui Martins, Fábio Videira Santos, Tomás Lucena, João Freitas, Ricardo Sousa, RJ, Francisco Seabra Guimarães, Carlos Branco, David Palhota, Carlos Castro, Alexandre Alves, Cláudia Gomes Batista, Ana Leal, Ricardo Trindade, Luís Machado, Andrzej Stuart-Thompson, Diego Goulart, Filipa Portela, Paulo Rafael, Paloma Nunes, Marta Mendonca, Teresa Painho, Duarte Cameirão, Rodrigo Silva, José Alberto Gomes, Joao Gama, Cristina Loureiro, Tiago Gama, Tiago Rodrigues, Miguel Duarte, Ana Cantanhede, Artur Castro Freire, Rui Passos Rocha, Pedro Costa Antunes, Sofia Almeida, Ricardo Andrade Guimarães, Daniel Pais, Miguel Bastos, Luís Santos _______________ Esta conversa foi editada por: Hugo Oliveira
There are over 7 billion people living on the earth right now. Tens of millions are born and die each year. Every single one of us leaves signs of our existence in the air, water, soil -- even space. But these signs won't last forever. Our buildings will be gone in a few hundred years. Our stone monuments, plastic, styrofoam, twinkies, even evidence of our inevitable nuclear destruction will eventually be gone. So how can we be sure that we were the first advanced civilization on earth? Well, according to the Silurian Hypothesis: we can't. Let's find out why.
LOOP 3.2: Producer Sophie Lanfear gives us our first insights into how documentaries are shaped. She tells us about the enormous scope of episode three and the difficulty of trying to fit in so many significant events. We analyse her use of emotion throughout the episode and she explains why she opted to use comedy. Finally, we look at the problem of anthropomorphism in documentaries. Life On Our Planet (LOOP) is a new 8-part series created for Netflix by Silverback Films and Amblin Television. This Steven Spielberg produced series, narrated by Morgan Freeman, is hugely ambitious in its scope, telling the story of life throughout the whole Phanerozoic Eon. Ancient organisms and environments are painstakingly recreated by the supremely talented Industrial Light and Magic, whilst modern natural history scenes add vital context to the story. This show has been worked on for six years, during which time countless papers were read and around 150 different palaeontologists contributed their time and knowledge. The whole production had culture of letting the scientific research dictate scenes, resulting in one of the most accurate on-screen representations of prehistoric life there has ever been. And how do we know all this? Well, our very own team members Tom Fletcher and Dave Marshall have been embedded within the LOOP team since day one! We are therefore in a totally unique position to reveal to you the work that went into this series, from both the production and research side of things. In this unofficial series, we've been granted exclusive access to many of the people responsible for creating LOOP, we explore what it takes to create a palaeontological documentary and we delve deeper into the science with some of the show's academic advisors. Each day, we will be releasing batches of interviews, each relating to a specific episode of LOOP. Image courtesy and copyright of Netflix.
-- Finches Diversify in Decades, Opals Form in Months, Man's Genetic Diversity in 200 Generations, C-14 Everywhere: Real Science Radio hosts Bob Enyart and Fred Williams present their classic program that led to the audience-favorites rsr.org/list-shows! See below and hear on today's radio program our list of Not So Old and Not So Slow Things! From opals forming in months to man's genetic diversity in 200 generations, and with carbon 14 everywhere it's not supposed to be (including in diamonds and dinosaur bones!), scientific observations fill the guys' most traditional list challenging those who claim that the earth is billions of years old. Many of these scientific finds demand a re-evaluation of supposed million and billion-year ages. * Finches Adapt in 17 Years, Not 2.3 Million: Charles Darwin's finches are claimed to have taken 2,300,000 years to diversify from an initial species blown onto the Galapagos Islands. Yet individuals from a single finch species on a U.S. Bird Reservation in the Pacific were introduced to a group of small islands 300 miles away and in at most 17 years, like Darwin's finches, they had diversified their beaks, related muscles, and behavior to fill various ecological niches. Hear about this also at rsr.org/spetner. * Opals Can Form in "A Few Months" And Don't Need 100,000 Years: A leading authority on opals, Allan W. Eckert, observed that, "scientific papers and textbooks have told that the process of opal formation requires tens of thousands of years, perhaps hundreds of thousands... Not true." A 2011 peer-reviewed paper in a geology journal from Australia, where almost all the world's opal is found, reported on the: "new timetable for opal formation involving weeks to a few months and not the hundreds of thousands of years envisaged by the conventional weathering model." (And apparently, per a 2019 report from Entomology Today, opals can even form around insects!) More knowledgeable scientists resist the uncritical, group-think insistence on false super-slow formation rates (as also for manganese nodules, gold veins, stone, petroleum, canyons and gullies, and even guts, all below). Regarding opals, Darwinian bias led geologists to long ignore possible quick action, as from microbes, as a possible explanation for these mineraloids. For both in nature and in the lab, opals form rapidly, not even in 10,000 years, but in weeks. See this also from creationists by a geologist, a paleobiochemist, and a nuclear chemist. * Finches Speciate in Two Generations vs Two Million Years for Darwin's Birds? Darwin's finches on the Galapagos Islands are said to have diversified into 14 species over a period of two million years. But in 2017 the journal Science reported a newcomer to the Island which within two generations spawned a reproductively isolated new species. In another instance as documented by Lee Spetner, a hundred birds of the same finch species introduced to an island cluster a 1,000 kilometers from Galapagos diversified into species with the typical variations in beak sizes, etc. "If this diversification occurred in less than seventeen years," Dr. Spetner asks, "why did Darwin's Galapagos finches [as claimed by evolutionists] have to take two million years?" * Blue Eyes Originated Not So Long Ago: Not a million years ago, nor a hundred thousand years ago, but based on a peer-reviewed paper in Human Genetics, a press release at Science Daily reports that, "research shows that people with blue eyes have a single, common ancestor. A team at the University of Copenhagen have tracked down a genetic mutation which took place 6-10,000 years ago and is the cause of the eye colour of all blue-eyed humans alive on the planet today." * Adding the Entire Universe to our List of Not So Old Things? Based on March 2019 findings from Hubble, Nobel laureate Adam Riess of the Space Telescope Science Institute and his co-authors in the Astrophysical Journal estimate that the universe is about a billion years younger than previously thought! Then in September 2019 in the journal Science, the age dropped precipitiously to as low as 11.4 billion years! Of course, these measurements also further squeeze the canonical story of the big bang chronology with its many already existing problems including the insufficient time to "evolve" distant mature galaxies, galaxy clusters, superclusters, enormous black holes, filaments, bubbles, walls, and other superstructures. So, even though the latest estimates are still absurdly too old (Google: big bang predictions, and click on the #1 ranked article, or just go on over there to rsr.org/bb), regardless, we thought we'd plop the whole universe down on our List of Not So Old Things! * After the Soft Tissue Discoveries, NOW Dino DNA: When a North Carolina State University paleontologist took the Tyrannosaurus Rex photos to the right of original biological material, that led to the 2016 discovery of dinosaur DNA, So far researchers have also recovered dinosaur blood vessels, collagen, osteocytes, hemoglobin, red blood cells, and various proteins. As of May 2018, twenty-six scientific journals, including Nature, Science, PNAS, PLoS One, Bone, and Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, have confirmed the discovery of biomaterial fossils from many dinosaurs! Organisms including T. Rex, hadrosaur, titanosaur, triceratops, Lufengosaur, mosasaur, and Archaeopteryx, and many others dated, allegedly, even hundreds of millions of years old, have yielded their endogenous, still-soft biological material. See the web's most complete listing of 100+ journal papers (screenshot, left) announcing these discoveries at bflist.rsr.org and see it in layman's terms at rsr.org/soft. * Rapid Stalactites, Stalagmites, Etc.: A construction worker in 1954 left a lemonade bottle in one of Australia's famous Jenolan Caves. By 2011 it had been naturally transformed into a stalagmite (below, right). Increasing scientific knowledge is arguing for rapid cave formation (see below, Nat'l Park Service shrinks Carlsbad Caverns formation estimates from 260M years, to 10M, to 2M, to it "depends"). Likewise, examples are growing of rapid formations with typical chemical make-up (see bottle, left) of classic stalactites and stalagmites including:- in Nat'l Geo the Carlsbad Caverns stalagmite that rapidly covered a bat - the tunnel stalagmites at Tennessee's Raccoon Mountain - hundreds of stalactites beneath the Lincoln Memorial - those near Gladfelter Hall at Philadelphia's Temple University (send photos to Bob@rsr.org) - hundreds of stalactites at Australia's zinc mine at Mt. Isa. - and those beneath Melbourne's Shrine of Remembrance. * Most Human Mutations Arose in 200 Generations: From Adam until Real Science Radio, in only 200 generations! The journal Nature reports The Recent Origin of Most Human Protein-coding Variants. As summarized by geneticist co-author Joshua Akey, "Most of the mutations that we found arose in the last 200 generations or so" (the same number previously published by biblical creationists). Another 2012 paper, in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology (Eugenie Scott's own field) on High mitochondrial mutation rates, shows that one mitochondrial DNA mutation occurs every other generation, which, as creationists point out, indicates that mtEve would have lived about 200 generations ago. That's not so old! * National Geographic's Not-So-Old Hard-Rock Canyon at Mount St. Helens: As our List of Not So Old Things (this web page) reveals, by a kneejerk reaction evolutionary scientists assign ages of tens or hundreds of thousands of years (or at least just long enough to contradict Moses' chronology in Genesis.) However, with closer study, routinely, more and more old ages get revised downward to fit the world's growing scientific knowledge. So the trend is not that more information lengthens ages, but rather, as data replaces guesswork, ages tend to shrink until they are consistent with the young-earth biblical timeframe. Consistent with this observation, the May 2000 issue of National Geographic quotes the U.S. Forest Service's scientist at Mount St. Helens, Peter Frenzen, describing the canyon on the north side of the volcano. "You'd expect a hard-rock canyon to be thousands, even hundreds of thousands of years old. But this was cut in less than a decade." And as for the volcano itself, while again, the kneejerk reaction of old-earthers would be to claim that most geologic features are hundreds of thousands or millions of years old, the atheistic National Geographic magazine acknowledges from the evidence that Mount St. Helens, the volcanic mount, is only about 4,000 years old! See below and more at rsr.org/mount-st-helens. * Mount St. Helens Dome Ten Years Old not 1.7 Million: Geochron Laboratories of Cambridge, Mass., using potassium-argon and other radiometric techniques claims the rock sample they dated, from the volcano's dome, solidified somewhere between 340,000 and 2.8 million years ago. However photographic evidence and historical reports document the dome's formation during the 1980s, just ten years prior to the samples being collected. With the age of this rock known, radiometric dating therefore gets the age 99.99999% wrong. * Devils Hole Pupfish Isolated Not for 13,000 Years But for 100: Secular scientists default to knee-jerk, older-than-Bible-age dates. However, a tiny Mojave desert fish is having none of it. Rather than having been genetically isolated from other fish for 13,000 years (which would make this small school of fish older than the Earth itself), according to a paper in the journal Nature, actual measurements of mutation rates indicate that the genetic diversity of these Pupfish could have been generated in about 100 years, give or take a few. * Polystrates like Spines and Rare Schools of Fossilized Jellyfish: Previously, seven sedimentary layers in Wisconsin had been described as taking a million years to form. And because jellyfish have no skeleton, as Charles Darwin pointed out, it is rare to find them among fossils. But now, reported in the journal Geology, a school of jellyfish fossils have been found throughout those same seven layers. So, polystrate fossils that condense the time of strata deposition from eons to hours or months, include: - Jellyfish in central Wisconsin were not deposited and fossilized over a million years but during a single event quick enough to trap a whole school. (This fossil school, therefore, taken as a unit forms a polystrate fossil.) Examples are everywhere that falsify the claims of strata deposition over millions of years. - Countless trilobites buried in astounding three dimensionality around the world are meticulously recovered from limestone, much of which is claimed to have been deposited very slowly. Contrariwise, because these specimens were buried rapidly in quickly laid down sediments, they show no evidence of greater erosion on their upper parts as compared to their lower parts.- The delicacy of radiating spine polystrates, like tadpole and jellyfish fossils, especially clearly demonstrate the rapidity of such strata deposition. - A second school of jellyfish, even though they rarely fossilized, exists in another locale with jellyfish fossils in multiple layers, in Australia's Brockman Iron Formation, constraining there too the rate of strata deposition. By the way, jellyfish are an example of evolution's big squeeze. Like galaxies evolving too quickly, galaxy clusters, and even human feet (which, like Mummy DNA, challenge the Out of Africa paradigm), jellyfish have gotten into the act squeezing evolution's timeline, here by 200 million years when they were found in strata allegedly a half-a-billion years old. Other examples, ironically referred to as Medusoid Problematica, are even found in pre-Cambrian strata. - 171 tadpoles of the same species buried in diatoms. - Leaves buried vertically through single-celled diatoms powerfully refute the claimed super-slow deposition of diatomaceous rock. - Many fossils, including a Mesosaur, have been buried in multiple "varve" layers, which are claimed to be annual depositions, yet they show no erosional patterns that would indicate gradual burial (as they claim, absurdly, over even thousands of years). - A single whale skeleton preserved in California in dozens of layers of diatom deposits thus forming a polystrate fossil. - 40 whales buried in the desert in Chile. "What's really interesting is that this didn't just happen once," said Smithsonian evolutionist Dr. Nick Pyenson. It happened four times." Why's that? Because "the fossil site has at least four layers", to which Real Science Radio's Bob Enyart replies: "Ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha", with RSR co-host Fred Williams thoughtfully adding, "Ha ha!" * Polystrate Trees: Examples abound around the world of polystrate trees: - Yellowstone's petrified polystrate forest (with the NPS exhibit sign removed; see below) with successive layers of rootless trees demonstrating the rapid deposition of fifty layers of strata. - A similarly formed polystrate fossil forest in France demonstrating the rapid deposition of a dozen strata. - In a thousand locations including famously the Fossil Cliffs of Joggins, Nova Scotia, polystrate fossils such as trees span many strata. - These trees lack erosion: Not only should such fossils, generally speaking, not even exist, but polystrates including trees typically show no evidence of erosion increasing with height. All of this powerfully disproves the claim that the layers were deposited slowly over thousands or millions of years. In the experience of your RSR radio hosts, evolutionists commonly respond to this hard evidence with mocking. See CRSQ June 2006, ICR Impact #316, and RSR 8-11-06 at KGOV.com. * Yellowstone Petrified Trees Sign Removed: The National Park Service removed their incorrect sign (see left and more). The NPS had claimed that in dozens of different strata over a 40-square mile area, many petrified trees were still standing where they had grown. The NPS eventually removed the sign partly because those petrified trees had no root systems, which they would have had if they had grown there. Instead, the trees of this "fossil forest" have roots that are abruptly broken off two or three feet from their trunks. If these mature trees actually had been remnants of sequential forests that had grown up in strata layer on top of strata layer, 27 times on Specimen Ridge (and 50 times at Specimen Creek), such a natural history implies passage of more time than permitted by biblical chronology. So, don't trust the National Park Service on historical science because they're wrong on the age of the Earth. * Wood Petrifies Quickly: Not surprisingly, by the common evolutionary knee-jerk claim of deep time, "several researchers believe that several millions of years are necessary for the complete formation of silicified wood". Our List of Not So Old and Not So Slow Things includes the work of five Japanese scientists who proved creationist research and published their results in the peer-reviewed journal Sedimentary Geology showing that wood can and does petrify rapidly. Modern wood significantly petrified in 36 years these researchers concluded that wood buried in strata could have been petrified in "a fairly short period of time, in the order of several tens to hundreds of years." * The Scablands: The primary surface features of the Scablands, which cover thousands of square miles of eastern Washington, were long believed to have formed gradually. Yet, against the determined claims of uniformitarian geologists, there is now overwhelming evidence as presented even in a NOVA TV program that the primary features of the Scablands formed rapidly from a catastrophic breach of Lake Missoula causing a massive regional flood. Of course evolutionary geologists still argue that the landscape was formed over tens of thousands of years, now by claiming there must have been a hundred Missoula floods. However, the evidence that there was Only One Lake Missoula Flood has been powerfully reinforced by a University of Colorado Ph.D. thesis. So the Scablands itself is no longer available to old-earthers as de facto evidence for the passage of millions of years. * The Heart Mountain Detachment: in Wyoming just east of Yellowstone, this mountain did not break apart slowly by uniformitarian processes but in only about half-an-hour as widely reported including in the evolutionist LiveScience.com, "Land Speed Record: Mountain Moves 62 Miles in 30 Minutes." The evidence indicates that this mountain of rock covering 425 square miles rapidly broke into 50 pieces and slid apart over an area of more than 1,300 square miles in a biblical, not a "geological," timeframe. * "150 Million" year-old Squid Ink Not Decomposed: This still-writable ink had dehydrated but had not decomposed! The British Geological Survey's Dr. Phil Wilby, who excavated the fossil, said, "It is difficult to imagine how you can have something as soft and sloppy as an ink sac fossilised in three dimensions, still black, and inside a rock that is 150 million years old." And the Daily Mail states that, "the black ink was of exactly the same structure as that of today's version", just desiccated. And Wilby added, "Normally you would find only the hard parts like the shell and bones fossilised but... these creatures... can be dissected as if they are living animals, you can see the muscle fibres and cells. It is difficult to imagine... The structure is similar to ink from a modern squid so we can write with it..." Why is this difficult for evolutionists to imagine? Because as Dr. Carl Wieland writes, "Chemical structures 'fall apart' all by themselves over time due to the randomizing effects of molecular motion."Decades ago Bob Enyart broadcast a geology program about Mount St. Helens' catastrophic destruction of forests and the hydraulic transportation and upright deposition of trees. Later, Bob met the chief ranger from Haleakala National Park on Hawaii's island of Maui, Mark Tanaka-Sanders. The ranger agreed to correspond with his colleague at Yellowstone to urge him to have the sign removed. Thankfully, it was then removed. (See also AIG, CMI, and all the original Yellowstone exhibit photos.) Groundbreaking research conducted by creation geologist Dr. Steve Austin in Spirit Lake after Mount St. Helens eruption provided a modern-day analog to the formation of Yellowstone fossil forest. A steam blast from that volcano blew over tens of thousands of trees leaving them without attached roots. Many thousands of those trees were floating upright in Spirit Lake, and began sinking at varying rates into rapidly and sporadically deposited sediments. Once Yellowstone's successive forest interpretation was falsified (though like with junk DNA, it's too big to fail, so many atheists and others still cling to it), the erroneous sign was removed. * Asiatic vs. European Honeybees: These two populations of bees have been separated supposedly for seven million years. A researcher decided to put the two together to see what would happen. What we should have here is a failure to communicate that would have resulted after their "language" evolved over millions of years. However, European and Asiatic honeybees are still able to communicate, putting into doubt the evolutionary claim that they were separated over "geologic periods." For more, see the Public Library of Science, Asiatic Honeybees Can Understand Dance Language of European Honeybees. (Oh yeah, and why don't fossils of poorly-formed honeycombs exist, from the millions of years before the bees and natural selection finally got the design right? Ha! Because they don't exist! :) Nautiloid proves rapid limestone formation. * Remember the Nautiloids: In the Grand Canyon there is a limestone layer averaging seven feet thick that runs the 277 miles of the canyon (and beyond) that covers hundreds of square miles and contains an average of one nautiloid fossil per square meter. Along with many other dead creatures in this one particular layer, 15% of these nautiloids were killed and then fossilized standing on their heads. Yes, vertically. They were caught in such an intense and rapid catastrophic flow that gravity was not able to cause all of their dead carcasses to fall over on their sides. Famed Mount St. Helens geologist Steve Austin is also the world's leading expert on nautiloid fossils and has worked in the canyon and presented his findings to the park's rangers at the invitation of National Park Service officials. Austin points out, as is true of many of the world's mass fossil graveyards, that this enormous nautiloid deposition provides indisputable proof of the extremely rapid formation of a significant layer of limestone near the bottom of the canyon, a layer like the others we've been told about, that allegedly formed at the bottom of a calm and placid sea with slow and gradual sedimentation. But a million nautiloids, standing on their heads, literally, would beg to differ. At our sister stie, RSR provides the relevant Geologic Society of America abstract, links, and video. * Now It's Allegedly Two Million Year-Old Leaves: "When we started pulling leaves out of the soil, that was surreal, to know that it's millions of years old..." sur-re-al: adjective: a bizarre mix of fact and fantasy. In this case, the leaves are the facts. Earth scientists from Ohio State and the University of Minnesota say that wood and leaves they found in the Canadian Arctic are at least two million years old, and perhaps more than ten million years old, even though the leaves are just dry and crumbly and the wood still burns! * Gold Precipitates in Veins in Less than a Second: After geologists submitted for decades to the assumption that each layer of gold would deposit at the alleged super slow rates of geologic process, the journal Nature Geoscience reports that each layer of deposition can occur within a few tenths of a second. Meanwhile, at the Lihir gold deposit in Papua New Guinea, evolutionists assumed the more than 20 million ounces of gold in the Lihir reserve took millions of years to deposit, but as reported in the journal Science, geologists can now demonstrate that the deposit could have formed in thousands of years, or far more quickly! Iceland's not-so-old Surtsey Island looks ancient. * Surtsey Island, Iceland: Of the volcanic island that formed in 1963, New Scientist reported in 2007 about Surtsey that "geographers... marvel that canyons, gullies and other land features that typically take tens of thousands or millions of years to form were created in less than a decade." Yes. And Sigurdur Thorarinsson, Iceland's chief geologist, wrote in the months after Surtsey formed, "that the time scale," he had been trained "to attach to geological developments is misleading." [For what is said to] take thousands of years... the same development may take a few weeks or even days here [including to form] a landscape... so varied and mature that it was almost beyond belief... wide sandy beaches and precipitous crags... gravel banks and lagoons, impressive cliffs… hollows, glens and soft undulating land... fractures and faultscarps, channels and screes… confounded by what met your eye... boulders worn by the surf, some of which were almost round... -Iceland's chief geologist * The Palouse River Gorge: In the southeast of Washington State, the Palouse River Gorge is one of many features formed rapidly by 500 cubic miles of water catastrophically released with the breaching of a natural dam in the Lake Missoula Flood (which gouged out the Scablands as described above). So, hard rock can be breached and eroded rapidly. * Leaf Shapes Identical for 190 Million Years? From Berkley.edu, "Ginkgo biloba... dates back to... about 190 million years ago... fossilized leaf material from the Tertiary species Ginkgo adiantoides is considered similar or even identical to that produced by modern Ginkgo biloba trees... virtually indistinguishable..." The literature describes leaf shapes as "spectacularly diverse" sometimes within a species but especially across the plant kingdom. Because all kinds of plants survive with all kinds of different leaf shapes, the conservation of a species retaining a single shape over alleged deep time is a telling issue. Darwin's theory is undermined by the unchanging shape over millions of years of a species' leaf shape. This lack of change, stasis in what should be an easily morphable plant trait, supports the broader conclusion that chimp-like creatures did not become human beings and all the other ambitious evolutionary creation of new kinds are simply imagined. (Ginkgo adiantoides and biloba are actually the same species. Wikipedia states, "It is doubtful whether the Northern Hemisphere fossil species of Ginkgo can be reliably distinguished." For oftentimes, as documented by Dr. Carl Werner in his Evolution: The Grand Experiment series, paleontogists falsely speciate identical specimens, giving different species names, even different genus names, to the fossil and living animals that appear identical.) * Box Canyon, Idaho: Geologists now think Box Canyon in Idaho, USA, was carved by a catastrophic flood and not slowly over millions of years with 1) huge plunge pools formed by waterfalls; 2) the almost complete removal of large basalt boulders from the canyon; 3) an eroded notch on the plateau at the top of the canyon; and 4) water scour marks on the basalt plateau leading to the canyon. Scientists calculate that the flood was so large that it could have eroded the whole canyon in as little as 35 days. See the journal Science, Formation of Box Canyon, Idaho, by Megaflood, and the Journal of Creation, and Creation Magazine. * Manganese Nodules Rapid Formation: Allegedly, as claimed at the Wikipedia entry from 2005 through 2021: "Nodule growth is one of the slowest of all geological phenomena – in the order of a centimeter over several million years." Wow, that would be slow! And a Texas A&M Marine Sciences technical slide presentation says, “They grow very slowly (mm/million years) and can be tens of millions of years old", with RWU's oceanography textbook also putting it at "0.001 mm per thousand years." But according to a World Almanac documentary they have formed "around beer cans," said marine geologist Dr. John Yates in the 1997 video Universe Beneath the Sea: The Next Frontier. There are also reports of manganese nodules forming around ships sunk in the First World War. See more at at youngearth.com, at TOL, in the print edition of the Journal of Creation, and in this typical forum discussion with atheists (at the Chicago Cubs forum no less :). * "6,000 year-old" Mitochondrial Eve: As the Bible calls "Eve... the mother of all living" (Gen. 3:20), genetic researchers have named the one woman from whom all humans have descended "Mitochondrial Eve." But in a scientific attempt to date her existence, they openly admit that they included chimpanzee DNA in their analysis in order to get what they viewed as a reasonably old date of 200,000 years ago (which is still surprisingly recent from their perspective, but old enough not to strain Darwinian theory too much). But then as widely reported including by Science magazine, when they dropped the chimp data and used only actual human mutation rates, that process determined that Eve lived only six thousand years ago! In Ann Gibbon's Science article, "Calibrating the Mitochondrial Clock," rather than again using circular reasoning by assuming their conclusion (that humans evolved from ape-like creatures), they performed their calculations using actual measured mutation rates. This peer-reviewed journal then reported that if these rates have been constant, "mitochondrial Eve… would be a mere 6000 years old." See also the journal Nature and creation.com's "A shrinking date for Eve," and Walt Brown's assessment. Expectedly though, evolutionists have found a way to reject their own unbiased finding (the conclusion contrary to their self-interest) by returning to their original method of using circular reasoning, as reported in the American Journal of Human Genetics, "calibrating against recent evidence for the divergence time of humans and chimpanzees," to reset their mitochondrial clock back to 200,000 years. * Even Younger Y-Chromosomal Adam: (Although he should be called, "Y-Chromosomal Noah.") While we inherit our mtDNA only from our mothers, only men have a Y chromosome (which incidentally genetically disproves the claim that the fetus is "part of the woman's body," since the little boy's y chromosome could never be part of mom's body). Based on documented mutation rates on and the extraordinary lack of mutational differences in this specifically male DNA, the Y-chromosomal Adam would have lived only a few thousand years ago! (He's significantly younger than mtEve because of the genetic bottleneck of the global flood.) Yet while the Darwinian camp wrongly claimed for decades that humans were 98% genetically similar to chimps, secular scientists today, using the same type of calculation only more accurately, have unintentionally documented that chimps are about as far genetically from what makes a human being a male, as mankind itself is from sponges! Geneticists have found now that sponges are 70% the same as humans genetically, and separately, that human and chimp Y chromosomes are "horrendously" 30%
20,000 years ago, a woman living in Siberia put on a pendant fashioned from a deer tooth. She wore it for a long time, perhaps until she died or lost the artifact. Now, thousands of years later, that pendant has been found and scientists have extracted the DNA of the woman who wore it, using an innovative method that promises to answer many questions about ancient peoples and their way of life.Dan and Bernie discuss this and of course a few other things!Links:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silurian_hypothesishttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06035-2https://www.haaretz.com/archaeology/2018-08-23/ty-article-magazine/archaeologists-find-hybrid-neanderthal-denisovan-in-siberian-cave/0000017f-f5ad-d460-afff-ffef37020000This is a podcast by Dan Hörning and Bernie Maopolski.If you like what we do you can support the Fan of History project on https://www.patreon.com/fanofhistoryContact information: http://facebook.com/fanofhistoryhttps://twitter.com/danhorninghttps://www.instagram.com/dan_horning/Music: “Tudor Theme” by urmymuse. Used here under a commercial Creative Commons license. Find out more at http://ccmixter.org/files/urmymuse/40020 Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
To boldly go where someone has gone before... The media we're spotlighting this week is that Matt Smith Doctor Who episode about dinosaurs on a spaceship, entitled "Dinosaurs on a Spaceship". Look, the episode is late enough as is. https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01mm5c9 Discord ("Eat fruit."): https://discord.gg/Y5Uw6sdmU2 Bluesky: Coming soon!
The universe is billions of years old. If, in the future, humanity were to explore the galaxy and visit other planets around other stars, we might be visiting places where at one time, an advanced civilization once existed. However, if such a civilization existed, it might have been millions of years in the past. If that was the case, how would we even know that it existed? Also, what if we ask that same question of Earth rather than of alien worlds? Learn more about the Silurian Hypothesis on this episode of Everything Everywhere Daily. Sponsors Expedition Unknown Find out the truth behind popular, bizarre legends. Expedition Unknown, a podcast from Discovery, chronicles the adventures of Josh Gates as he investigates unsolved iconic stories across the globe. With direct audio from the hit TV show, you'll hear Gates explore stories like the disappearance of Amelia Earhart in the South Pacific and the location of Captain Morgan's treasure in Panama. These authentic, roughshod journeys help Gates separate fact from fiction and learn the truth behind these compelling stories. InsideTracker provides a personal health analysis and data-driven wellness guide to help you add years to your life—and life to your years. Choose a plan that best fits your needs to get your comprehensive biomarker analysis, customized Action Plan, and customer-exclusive healthspan resources. For a limited time, Everything Everywhere Daily listeners can get 20% off InsideTracker's new Ultimate Plan. Visit InsideTracker.com/eed. Subscribe to the podcast! https://link.chtbl.com/EverythingEverywhere?sid=ShowNotes -------------------------------- Executive Producer: Charles Daniel Associate Producers: Peter Bennett & Thor Thomsen Become a supporter on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/everythingeverywhere Listen on Podurama: https://podurama.com Update your podcast app at newpodcastapps.com Discord Server: https://discord.gg/UkRUJFh Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/everythingeverywhere/ Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/everythingeverywheredaily Twitter: https://twitter.com/everywheretrip Website: https://everything-everywhere.com/ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Writers choose a Black Country scene to reveal something of this strangely hidden region. R.M. Francis is sharing the secret world of Wren's Nest in Dudley. Once a site of intense mining, this was the UK's first urban nature reserve. It's world-famous geologically for its well-preserved Silurian coral reef fossils and is considered the most diverse and abundant fossil site in the British Isles. Surrounded by council houses, takeaways, pubs and supermarkets, Wren's Nest is a very surprising place. RM Francis is a writer from the Black Country. He's a lecturer in Creative and Professional Writing at the University of Wolverhampton and is currently the poet in residence for the Black Country Geological Society. He's the author of five poetry Chapbook collections plus novels and novellas. Producer: Rosie Boulton A Must Try Softer Production A co-funded project between the BBC, The Space and Arts Council England.
In this episode, I present a battle royale between two terrible ideas. In the first corner, the Silurian Hypothesis, which states that socially complex human beings have been on Earth for millions of years. In the second corner, the Solutrean Hypothesis, which states that early Native American technology was influenced by Europeans who came to the New World by crossing the Atlantic thousands of years ago. Who will win the Crown of Ultimate Silliness? You decide.TranscriptsFor rough transcripts of this episode go to https://www.archpodnet.com/pseudo/112Contact Kinkella Teaches Archaeology (Youtube) Blog: Kinkella Teaches ArchaeologyArchPodNet APN Website: https://www.archpodnet.com APN on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/archpodnet APN on Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/archpodnet APN on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/archpodnet Tee Public StoreAffiliates Wildnote TeePublic Timeular Motio
In this episode, I present a battle royale between two terrible ideas. In the first corner, the Silurian Hypothesis, which states that socially complex human beings have been on Earth for millions of years. In the second corner, the Solutrean Hypothesis, which states that early Native American technology was influenced by Europeans who came to the New World by crossing the Atlantic thousands of years ago. Who will win the Crown of Ultimate Silliness? You decide.TranscriptsFor rough transcripts of this episode go to https://www.archpodnet.com/pseudo/112Contact Kinkella Teaches Archaeology (Youtube) Blog: Kinkella Teaches ArchaeologyArchPodNet APN Website: https://www.archpodnet.com APN on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/archpodnet APN on Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/archpodnet APN on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/archpodnet Tee Public StoreAffiliates Wildnote TeePublic Timeular Motio
If an advanced civilization existed on earth several million years ago, would we actually be able to detect that they were here? It may sound like conspiracy theorist bait, but a serious and balanced look at the question reveals a lot about geology, climate and the search for alien life. In this classic episode of the Stuff to Blow Your Mind podcast, Robert and Joe discuss the silurian hypothesis. (originally published 01/18/2022)See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
Did human become advanced in the past? Where is the evidence? Where would we look? Ben Bowlin has something he ants you to know, and that's The Silurian Hypothesis Advertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy
Today, the vast majority of experts can largely agree on the basics of human evolution, from the early days of the first populations migrating out of the African continent to the dawn of agriculture, the written word and, quite recently, industrialization. But what if this isn't the first time Earth was home to an industrialized society? Could it be possible that some other civilization rose -- and fell -- far before our own? Tune in to learn more about the Silurian Hypothesis. They don't want you to read our book.They don't want you to read our book.: https://static.macmillan.com/static/fib/stuff-you-should-read/See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
In this episode:00:45 Piecing together the early history of jawed vertebratesA wealth of fossils discovered in southern China shed new light onto the diversity of jawed and jawless fish during the Silurian period, over 400 million years ago. Nature editor Henry Gee explains the finds and what they mean for the history of jawed vertebrates like us.Research article: Zhu et al.Research article: Gai et al.Research article: Andreev et al.Research article: Andreev et al.News and Views: Fossils reveal the deep roots of jawed vertebrates09:09 Research HighlightsMice studies help explain why some people with a rare genetic condition have heightened musical abilities, and high-resolution images reveal how bees build honeycomb.Research Highlight: How a missing gene leads to super-sensitivity to soundResearch Highlight: X-rays reveal how bees achieve an engineering marvel: the honeycomb11:27 A lack of evidence in transgender policy makingAround the world, many laws are being proposed – and passed – regarding the rights of transgender people to participate in various aspects of society. We talk to Paisley Currah, who has written a World View for Nature arguing that these policies are frequently not backed up by data, and that policy affecting trans people's lives needs to take a more evidence-based approach.World View: To set transgender policy, look to the evidenceWatch our video about research trying to crack the nature of consciousness by dosing volunteers with psychedelic drugs and scanning their brains.Subscribe to Nature Briefing, an unmissable daily round-up of science news, opinion and analysis free in your inbox every weekday. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
The Silurian Hypothesis contemplates how long the ruins of a civilization would be detectable, on Earth or even other worlds, and if we could ever know if a world had once been inhabited by a technological civilization. Start listening with a 30-day Audible trial and your first audiobook is free. Visit http://www.audible.com/isaac or text "isaac" to 500-500. Watch the Video Version: https://youtu.be/nxf0nE2zGpc Visit our Website: http://www.isaacarthur.net Support us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/IsaacArthur Support us on Subscribestar: https://www.subscribestar.com/isaac-arthur Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1583992725237264/ Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/IsaacArthur/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/Isaac_A_Arthur on Twitter and RT our future content. SFIA Discord Server: https://discord.gg/53GAShE Credits: The Silurian Hypothesis: What Traces of Humanity will be Left 50 Million Years from Now? Science & Futurism with Isaac Arthur Episode 346a, June 12, 2022 Written, Produced & Narrated by Isaac Arthur Editors: David McFarlane Graphics: Darth Biomech Jarred Eagley Cover Art: Jakub Grygier https://www.artstation.com/jakub_grygier Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator
The Silurian Hypothesis contemplates how long the ruins of a civilization would be detectable, on Earth or even other worlds, and if we could ever know if a world had once been inhabited by a technological civilization. Start listening with a 30-day Audible trial and your first audiobook is free. Visit http://www.audible.com/isaac or text "isaac" to 500-500. Watch the Video Version: https://youtu.be/nxf0nE2zGpc Visit our Website: http://www.isaacarthur.net Support us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/IsaacArthur Support us on Subscribestar: https://www.subscribestar.com/isaac-arthur Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1583992725237264/ Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/IsaacArthur/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/Isaac_A_Arthur on Twitter and RT our future content. SFIA Discord Server: https://discord.gg/53GAShE Credits: The Silurian Hypothesis: What Traces of Humanity will be Left 50 Million Years from Now? Science & Futurism with Isaac Arthur Episode 346a, June 12, 2022 Written, Produced & Narrated by Isaac Arthur Editors: David McFarlane Graphics: Darth Biomech Jarred Eagley Cover Art: Jakub Grygier https://www.artstation.com/jakub_grygier Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator
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