Podcasts about Yan

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Finansal özgürlük sizin için ne anlama geliyor? Hayatımızın büyük bölümünde zamanımızı vererek gelir elde ediyoruz. Peki zamanımızdan bağımsız olarak gelir üretebilecek sistemler ve varlıklar oluşturabilir miyiz? Bu videoda finansal özgürlük ve pasif gelir kaynaklarını ele alıyoruz. Aktif gelir ile pasif gelir arasındaki farkı, birden fazla gelir kaynağı oluşturmanın önemini ve paranızı zaman içinde sizin için çalıştırabilecek sistemleri inceliyoruz. Gayrimenkul kira gelirinden temettü ödeyen hisse senetlerine, yatırım fonlarından online eğitimlere, e-kitaplardan dijital ürünlere kadar farklı pasif gelir modellerini değerlendiriyoruz. Ayrıca dijital çağın sunduğu yeni fırsatları ve bilgi ile uzmanlığın nasıl gelir üreten bir varlığa dönüştürülebileceğini konuşuyoruz. Videoda ele alınan başlıca konular: • Finansal özgürlük nedir? • Para için çalışmak ve parayı çalıştırmak • Aktif gelir ve pasif gelir arasındaki fark • Finansal özgürlüğe giden aşamalar • Birden fazla gelir kaynağı oluşturmak • Gayrimenkul ve kira geliri • Temettü ve yatırım fonları • Online eğitim ve e-kitap gelirleri • Dijital ürünler ve online hizmetler • Yan iş ve girişimcilik fırsatları • YouTube, blog ve e-ticaret gibi dijital gelir modelleri • Başarılı yatırımcıların yatırım alışkanlıkları • Bileşik büyümenin uzun vadeli etkisi • Yatırımları çeşitlendirmek ve riski yönetmek Pasif gelir de başlangıçta emek, sermaye, bilgi veya sistem kurmayı gerektirir. Amaç, zaman içinde yalnızca çalışma saatlerinize bağlı olmayan gelir kaynakları oluşturabilmektir. Kendinize şu soruyu sorun: Bugün çalışmayı bıraksanız, mevcut gelir kaynaklarınız size ne kadar süre destek olabilir? Bu soruya verdiğiniz cevap, finansal özgürlük yolculuğunuzdaki mevcut durumunuzu değerlendirmenize yardımcı olabilir. E-Kitap Satın Al: https://www.shopier.com/gokremtekir/48558601 Udemy: https://www.udemy.com/course/hayatta-basarili-olmanin-formulu/?referralCode=FADEDFFA690D42180B71 Danışmanlık Takvimim: calendar.app.google/aBzjeuTMpjjhBJqr6

In 2019, Yan Gomes was behind the plate for the Washington Nationals in Game 7 of the World Series. He caught the final pitch and helped the team capture its first World Series title in franchise history. In this conversation, Yan shares a behind-the-scenes look at that moment — and the journey that, years earlier, helped him become the first Brazilian-born player in MLB history. You'll hear how the Nationals roster came together to turn around a 19-31 start to their season and ultimately win the World Series — as well as many of the mindsets & philosophies that helped Yan become an MLB All-Star and Silver Slugger. At its core, so much of Yan's story is about feeling the weight of enormous responsibility (but also embracing it for the joy and fulfillment you can derive from it). ** Follow Andrew **Instagram: @AndrewMoses123X: @andrewhmosesSign up for e-mails to keep up with the podcast at everybodypullsthetarp.com/newsletterDISCLAIMER: This podcast is solely for educational & entertainment purposes. It is not intended to be a substitute for the advice of a physician, psychotherapist, or other qualified professional.

durée : 00:04:32 - Le 5/7 - par : Michel Abescat - "Les Amateurs" est la preuve qu'un polar peut être drôle. Un roman noir qui a comme sous-titre « Il était une fois dans le Médoc », une région que Yan Lespoux, l'auteur, connaît comme sa poche. Il y est né et lui a déjà consacré un recueil de nouvelles très remarqué, en 2021, "Presqu'îles". Vous aimez ce podcast ? Pour écouter tous les épisodes sans limite, rendez-vous sur Radio France

durée : 00:04:32 - Le Polar sonne toujours 2 fois - par : Michel Abescat - "Les Amateurs" est la preuve qu'un polar peut être drôle. Un roman noir qui a comme sous-titre « Il était une fois dans le Médoc », une région que Yan Lespoux, l'auteur, connaît comme sa poche. Il y est né et lui a déjà consacré un recueil de nouvelles très remarqué, en 2021, "Presqu'îles". Vous aimez ce podcast ? Pour écouter tous les épisodes sans limite, rendez-vous sur Radio France

Uma reportagem publicada esta semana na Nature reúne investigadores da psicologia cognitiva e da educação à volta de uma pergunta que muitos professores já fazem na sala de aula: se a inteligência artificial faz o esforço por nós, onde fica a aprendizagem? As respostas ainda estão incompletas. Mas há pistas sólidas sobre a forma como se ensina a pensar, e quase todas nos levam para o interior das disciplinas, para o desenho das tarefas e para muita prática.No início deste ano, Lixiang Yan, investigador em educação que leciona na Universidade Tsinghua, em Pequim, estava a preparar um curso online com a ajuda de um agente de inteligência artificial, o Codex. A meio do trabalho percebeu uma coisa desconfortável. O agente conseguia fazer tudo o que o curso pedia aos estudantes: resolvia as tarefas, respondia às perguntas, participava nas discussões. Um estudante podia chegar ao fim da unidade curricular sem ter pensado seriamente, uma única vez, sobre a matéria. Yan concluiu que ensinar os alunos a raciocinar pela própria cabeça se tornou mais importante do que alguma vez foi.O episódio abre a reportagem de Helen Pearson, «How to stay smart in the age of AI: the science of critical thinking», publicada na Nature a 23 de setembro. Passa-se numa universidade chinesa, mas quem dá aulas a uma turma de 9.º ano reconhece a cena sem grande esforço, só que com trabalhos de casa no lugar dos fóruns de discussão.

110% NostalGeek – Épisode 9 est maintenant disponible! La gang de 110% NostalGeek, présenté par G Pour Geek, replonge encore une fois dans nos souvenirs geeks! Cette semaine, on voyage entre jeux vidéo, dessins animés, cinéma, arcades et super-héros. Au programme :Le Quiz de Max – Un quiz signé Max sur le monde du jeu vidéo!Dan Mojo Top Ten Video Games – Les jeux vidéo qui méritent leur place dans notre nostalgie!REWIND• L'époque où Activision faisait autre chose que Call of Duty avec Dany.• Le remake/remaster d'Ocarina of Time : est-ce que Yan le précommanderait? • Les reprises de dessins animés des années 1990 et 2000 avec Trash Talker.• Dungeons & Dragons, le dessin animé, avec Shaun!LOST IN TIME• Quand les compagnies de jeux vidéo avaient leurs propres mascottes avec Dany.• Indiana Jones et les Aventuriers de l'arche perdue avec Yan. • Les arcades avec Shaun! FLUX CAPACITOR• Retour sur la saison 1 de Wolverine and the X-Men avec Dany! Un épisode rempli de nostalgie, de débats et de souvenirs qui risquent de vous ramener directement dans les années 90 et 2000! Écoutez 110% NostalGeek – Épisode 9, présenté par G Pour Geek!#GPourGeek #110PourcentNostalGeek #NostalGeek #Podcast #JeuxVidéo #Nintendo #OcarinaOfTime #Activision #CallOfDuty #Cartoons #DessinAnimé #IndianaJones #Arcade #Wolverine #XMen #Années90 #Années2000 #Nostalgie #CultureGeek‐-------‐‐-----------------------------------------Site Web ⬇️www.gpourgeek.caBalado Quebec ⬇️https://baladoquebec.ca/g-pour-geek/110-percent-nostalgeek-episode-9-activision-ocarina-of-time-les-cartoons-des-annees-90-et-wolverineSpotify ⬇️https://open.spotify.com/show/1u1BuLjlLfSSOLq8YuAEa0Linktree ⬇️https://linktr.ee/gpourgeekYoutube ⬇️https://youtu.be/hVhVMrhSEWU

Avec Pantelis et Pat Savard!!------------------------------------------------------------------Pour suivre FAF - http://fafhumoriste.comPour suivre Will - http://willpaq.comPATREON - http://yantheriault.com/PatreonDiscord - http://yantheriault.com/discordTwitter - http://yantheriault.com/twitterInstagram - http://yantheriault.com/instagramFacebook - http://yantheriault.com/facebook

This is a free preview of a paid episode. To hear more, please visit our Patreon. With Meg Rowley on vacation, Ben Lindbergh goes long with a few guests and segments. First, Kiri Oler of FanGraphs and Bradley Woodrum of Baseball Prospectus join to banter about how Pete Crow-Armstrong and Jacob Misiorowski illustrate the differences in modern pitcher and hitter usage and value, Sandy Alcantara as the last innings eater, two more baseball movies, Ernie Clement’s post-All-Star-Game decline, and Jefry Yan’s more muted strikeout celebrations. Then (43:34) they break down the inaugural season of the WPBL: what went right, what went wrong, the Kelsie Whitmore-Denae Benites battle, the high-offense environment, their other favorite storylines, the future of the league, and more. After that (1:33:33), Ben brings on the manager of the Pioneer League’s RedPocket Mobiles, former major leaguer Dmitri Young, along with Mobiles co-GM and Pioneer League director of operations Al Maulding, to explain how the Mobiles suffered the longest losing streak in pro baseball history, life on a traveling team, indy-ball oddities, and more. Finally (2:36:23), Ben Stat Blasts about the most times reaching base before a first career hit, players who hit their first homers off position-player pitchers, and lineups composed of players with short surnames. Audio intro: The Gagnés, “Effectively Wild Theme 2” Audio outro: The Shirey Brothers, “Effectively Wild Theme” Link to previous Bradley appearance Link to previous Kiri appearance Link to FG combined WAR leaderboard Link to Eric André meme Link to highest-WAR offensive seasons Link to highest-WAR pitching seasons Link to pitching rate-stats leaders Link to on-pace leaderboard Link to PCA fielding chances Link to Miz fielding chances Link to Miz fielding stats Link to AP on Alcantara Link to Trueblood on Alcantara Link to Baumann on Alcantara Link to IP leaderboard Link to Ben on innings eaters Link to baseball rom-com Link to Powell-Linklater movie Link to Hanks movie Link to De Niro/Lasorda movie Link to Lasorda and son article 1 Link to Lasorda and son article 2 Link to Wahlberg/Rose movie Link to Ben’s Rose obit Link to Ben on Rose and the HoF Link to worst post-ASB hitters Link to Clement vote totals Link to Yan’s last leap Link to Yan’s slide Link to Yan’s MLB strikeout pitches Link to Yan’s Insta post Link to Yan/Jackson Insta post Link to WPBL standings Link to WPBL postseason results Link to WPBL hitting leaders Link to WPBL pitching leaders Link to WPBL leaguewide stats Link to 1871 NA leaguewide stats Link to Defector on the WPBL Link to AP on the WPBL Link to Kiri on WPBL predecessors Link to other WPBL article Link to Gladys the Goose Link to Bradley on Benites Link to Bradley on Lee Link to Bradley on grand slams Link to Bradley on the playoffs Link to Bradley on WPBL offense Link to Ben on mid-PA changes Link to Kiri’s last weekly recap Link to Kiri on the Firebells Link to Kiri on the Queens Link to Apgar video Link to Apgar article Link to Sato wiki Link to Robin Roberts Stadium Link to WPBL draft order Link to WPBL run values Link to MLB-AUSL partnership Link to article on the WPBL’s future Link to Women’s Baseball World Cup Link to The 39 Steps wiki Link to MLB partner leagues Link to Pioneer League wiki Link to Pioneer League standings Link to MLB.com on the Mobiles Link to The Athletic on the Mobiles Link to the Mobiles on the Mobiles Link to Stockade wiki Link to Ben on the Stockade Link to The Only Rule Link to Empire State Greys wiki Link to Mobiles announcement Link to Mobiles YouTube videos Link to Mobiles Twitter thread Link to Pioneer League knockout Link to All-Star swing-off Link to Northern Colorado Owlz Link to Young wiki Link to Young card collection info Link to Young article 1 Link to Young article 2 Link to Young article 3 Link to Young article 4 Link to Young article 5 Link to Young article 6 Link to Young article 7 Link to betting-threats story Link to PPP HR sheet Link to Chapman wiki Link to Hartung wiki Link to Iorg game Link to LaCoss homers Link to Lara post-homer photo Link to scoreboard photo Link to 1946 game Link to 2004 game Link to 2024 game Link to 1956 fun fact tweet Link to 1926 game Link to 2025 game 1 Link to 2025 game 2 Link to listener emails database Sponsor Us on Patreon Give a Gift Subscription Email Us: podcast@fangraphs.com Effectively Wild Subreddit Effectively Wild Wiki Apple Podcasts Feed Spotify Feed YouTube Playlist Facebook Group Bluesky Account Twitter Account Get Our Merch! var SERVER_DATA = Object.assign(SERVER_DATA || {}); Source

Big thanks to ThreatLocker for sponsoring my trip to Black Hat USA 2026 and also for sponsoring this video. To start your free trial with ThreatLocker, please use the following link: https://www.threatlocker.com/davidbombal Is cybersecurity still worth learning in 2026? AI agents are changing vulnerability research, but where does that leave you? At Black Hat, I'm joined by Arizona State University professor Yan Shoshitaishvili to discuss what AI can actually do, where it falls short, and why he would still choose a career in cybersecurity today. Yan shares how his lab used AI agents and human-designed workflows to find what he describes as over 1,000 Linux kernel vulnerabilities triggerable by an unprivileged local user. Running 128 agents was only part of the story. Understanding which vulnerabilities to look for and improving the research process proved critical. We discuss: • How AI agents test potential vulnerabilities instead of simply reporting suspected bugs • How agentic AI compares with fuzzing and static analysis • Why finding new bugs does not automatically prove one tool is better • Why human expertise still matters in security research • How to use AI as a learning assistant without skipping the learning • Free, hands-on cybersecurity training through pwn.college • Yan's advice for anyone considering cybersecurity in 2026 // Yan Shoshitaishvili SOCIAL // LinkedIn: / yan-shoshitaishvili-7024305 ASU website: https://www.asu.edu/ // ThreatLocker's SOCIAL // LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/thre... X: https://x.com/threatlocker Instagram: / threatlocker Website: https://www.threatlocker.com/ // David's SOCIAL // Discord: discord.com/invite/usKSyzb Twitter: www.twitter.com/davidbombal Instagram: www.instagram.com/davidbombal LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/in/davidbombal Facebook: www.facebook.com/davidbombal.co TikTok: tiktok.com/@davidbombal YouTube: / @davidbombal Spotify: open.spotify.com/show/3f6k6gE... SoundCloud: / davidbombal Apple Podcast: podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast... // MY STUFF // https://www.amazon.com/shop/davidbombal // SPONSORS // Interested in sponsoring my videos? Reach out to my team here: sponsors@davidbombal.com // MENU // 0:00 - Coming up 0:34 - Intro 02:10 - Rethinking How Cybersecurity Is Taught 04:35 - AI Agents Are Changing Vulnerability Research 10:11 - Sponsored Section 11:18 - Are AI Agents Really Better at Finding Bugs? 16:00 - AI Agents vs the Linux Kernel 19:30 - Where Human Expertise Still Matters 23:09 - Learning Cybersecurity With AI 25:17 - Will AI Eventually Replace Everyone? 30:26 - Would You Still Choose Cybersecurity? 30:50 - Conclusion & Outro Please note that links listed may be affiliate links and provide me with a small percentage/kickback should you use them to purchase any of the items listed or recommended. Thank you for supporting me and this channel! Disclaimer: This video is for educational purposes only. #aiagents #vulnerabilityresearch #bhusa2026

Geçen hafta bir arkadaşınızla kahve makinesi konuştunuz. Hiçbir yere yazmadınız, hiçbir şey aratmadınız. Akşam eve gelip telefonu açtınız, karşınızda kahve makinesi reklamı. O an hepimizin aklından aynı cümle geçiyor: "Ulan bu telefon beni dinliyor."Bugüne kadar bu soruya iki cevap verildi. Ya "evet, dinliyor" dendi ya da "saçmalama, öyle bir şey yok" dendi. Bu bölümde ikisinin de yanlış olduğunu göstereceğim. Doğru cevap ikisinin ortasında değil, tamamen başka bir yerde. Ve açıkçası ikisinden de rahatsız edici.Ben yıllardır reklam panellerinin öbür tarafında oturuyorum. O hedefleme ekranlarını kuran kişiyim. Yani bu bölümde dışarıdan bakan birinin tahminini değil, içeriden bakan birinin ne gördüğünü anlatıyorum. Panelde tam olarak neyi görüyorum, neyi görmüyorum, ikisini de söylüyorum.Bu bölümde: Amerika'da bir yıl boyunca 17.000'den fazla uygulamanın izlendiği o araştırma ve mikrofon yerine bulunan asıl şey. Gerçekten dinleselerdi bunun maliyeti ne olurdu. Sistemin sizi dinlemeden bilmesinin üç yolu: yanınızdaki kişi, size benzeyen binlerce insan ve kendi beyninizin oyunu. "Aktif dinleme" hizmeti satan o gerçek satış sunumu ve ortaya çıkınca ne olduğu. Alexa ile Siri'nin gerçekten dinlediği yer, ki bu bölümün en çok karıştırılan noktası. Verinin geldiği dört kaynak. Ve telefonunuzda beş dakikada yapabileceğiniz üç ayar.BÖLÜMLER00:00 Bu bölümde ne var00:23 Kahve makinesi konuşması01:38 Aklınızdaki iki tahmin de yanlış02:09 Başlamadan önce üç soru02:45 Reklam panelinin öbür tarafında oturan adam03:07 En yaygın açıklama: telefon dinliyor03:31 17.000 uygulama tarandı, sonuç ne çıktı04:17 Dinlemek gerçekten mümkün mü, hesabı yapalım05:26 01 Yanınızdaki kişi07:24 02 Size benzeyenler09:36 03 Seçici dikkat11:53 Dumanın kaynağı: o satış sunumu13:16 Alexa ve Siri gerçekten dinliyor, ama nasıl14:38 Asıl bulgu: mikrofon değil, ekran15:18 Panelde ne görüyorum, ne görmüyorum17:07 Doğru cevap: dinlemiyorlar, çünkü gerekmiyor18:05 04 Veri nereden geliyor: dört kaynak19:30 05 Ne yapabilirsiniz: üç ayar, beş dakika21:44 O reklamı bir daha gördüğünüzde kendinize sorun22:56 Haftaya: aynı ürün, herkese başka fiyat23:24 KapanışBu bölümde sizi korkutmaya çalışmadım. Yapay zeka hakkında size sürekli iki şey satılıyor: ya korku ya sihir. İkisi de işinize yaramıyor. İşinize yarayan tek şey sistemin gerçekte nasıl çalıştığını bilmek.Haftaya: aynı ürün, aynı anda, sizin telefonunuzda başka fiyata, başkasının telefonunda başka fiyata. Bu artık bir komplo teorisi değil, resmi kurumların raporlarına girmiş bir konu.Her Çarşamba yeni bölüm.Not: Spotify Türkiye'de artık video kabul etmiyor, burada sadece sesi dinleyebiliyorsunuz. Görselli sürüm YouTube'da: YouTube'a girip Faruk Toprak yazmanız yeterli.Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/faruktoprakx/Web: https://faruktoprak.com/Hedef kitle kurgusunu Google ve Meta tarafında en kapsamlı haliyle anlattığım yer: https://joyakademi.com

AI agents bring new demands to the infrastructure connecting them to models, tools, and data. Each agent can have its own permissions and state, and spend much of its time asleep before waking up to make another request. Supporting that behavior at scale changes how the network routes traffic, loads policies, and manages resources.In this episode of Alexa's Input (AI), I sit down with Yan Avlasov, Staff Software Engineer at Google and a senior maintainer of Envoy, to talk about building the networking stack for agents.We get into why Google is building on Envoy, what changes between serving inference and supporting agents, and why enforcing policies for individual agents requires a more dynamic control plane. Yan also shares what he's seeing from AI-powered security scanning, including how models combine subtle bugs into serious vulnerabilities and why fixing them can mean changing behavior that production systems have relied on for years.From the episode:- Model selection, cost controls, and fallback across providers- Loading policies dynamically as agent traffic changes- Managing personalized state and agents that suspend and resume- Where Model Context Protocol (MCP) fits alongside the protocols agents already use- Semantic routing and choosing models based on what a request needs- Security findings involving policy enforcement, path normalization, and JSON parsing- The engineering work and cost of making security scanning continuousChapters00:00 Introduction01:12 Welcome, Yan02:30 How AI is changing Google07:56 Yan's networking background10:00 New networking layers for agents13:11 AI gateways, cost controls, and fallback16:38 Why Google builds on Envoy22:21 Per-agent policies and a dynamic control plane26:56 Inference versus stateful agents31:58 Project Substrate: running agents at scale33:31 MCP and the other protocols agents use37:32 Semantic routing and model costs40:40 AI security scanning and the work of fixing bugs43:55 Policy timing, path normalization, and JSON47:11 Making security scanning continuous50:40 What's next for agentic networking53:32 ClosingRead the episode article on SubstackWatch on YouTube

Geçtiğimiz perşembe günü -10 Eylül- sabah namazını Emevî Camii'nde kıldık. Yanımdaki iki dostuma “Sizi bugün savaşın yıktığı bölgelere götüreceğim” dedim. Şam Kalesi'nin yanına kadar yürüdük. Az sonra Suriyeli şoförümüz Muhammed, Salahaddîn Eyyûbî heykelinin önünden bizi arabasıyla aldı, yola çıktık. Bâbu's-Sağîr Mezarlığı'nın kenarından geçerek güneye yöneldik. Yaklaşık 15 dakika sonra, bahsettiğim yerdeydik: Muhayyemu'l-Yermûk, yani Yermûk Mülteci Kampı.

AI SLOP et humour avec Steven Bilodeau et François Giroux------------------------------------------------------------------Pour suivre FAF - http://fafhumoriste.comPour suivre Will - http://willpaq.comPATREON - http://yantheriault.com/PatreonDiscord - http://yantheriault.com/discordTwitter - http://yantheriault.com/twitterInstagram - http://yantheriault.com/instagramFacebook - http://yantheriault.com/facebook

Namazı ayakta kılamayacak kadar hasta ve özürlü olanlar namazlarını oturarak kılarlar. Oturabilse bile, Tahiyyatta oturamayacak kadar hasta olanlar bağdaş kurarak otururlar ve rükûda biraz eğilerek secdelerini de tam yaparak namazlarını kılarlar. Secde yapamayanlar, namazlarını rükûda biraz eğilerek, secdede de ondan daha fazla eğilerek kılarlar. Secde yapmak için önlerine yüksekçe bir şey koymalarına lüzum yoktur. Üzerine secde etmek için, önlerine yastık veya rahle gibi bir şey koymak mekruhtur. Bu şekilde de namaz kılamayacak olanlar, oturup ayaklarını kıbleye doğru uzatarak kılarlar. Bunu da yapamayanlar, rahat edebildikleri şekilde yan üstü yatarak (yapabilirlerse sağ taraflarına yatarak) namazlarını imâ (baş hareketiyle) kılarlar. Yan üstü de yatamayanlar, ayakları kıbleye doğru uzatılıp upuzun yatırılır. Başının altına bir yastık konularak, mümkün oldukça başı kıbleye döndürülmüş olur. Böylece namazını îmâ ile kılar. Dikkat edilirse, bu sıralamada sandalye ve koltukta namaz kılma tarifi yoktur. Acaba eskiden sandalye ve koltuk yok muydu veya bilinmiyordu da onun için mi fıkıh kitaplarımızda “Sandalye ve koltukta namaz” konusu yok? Hayır! Vardı ve Peygamberimiz (s.a.v.) zamanından beri sandalye de koltuk da biliniyordu. Kur'an'da, Bakara Sûresi'nin 255. Âyeti, Âyetül Kürsî'dir. Kürsî; sandalye - koltuk demektir. Öbür taraftan Yasin Sûresi 56. Âyette, cennetlikler hakkında “Onlar ve eşleri, gölgelerde koltuklara (kurulup) yaslanmışlardır” buyuruluyor. Peygamberimiz (s.a.v.) zamanından beri koltuk da sandalye de bilindiği halde, fıkıh kitaplarımızda sandalye veya koltukta namaz kılınacağına dair bir tarif ve kayıt bulunmuyor. Öyle bir kimse ki, hayatı tekerlekli sandalyededir. Bu kimse, tabii ki namazlarını üzerinde bulunduğu / yaşadığı bu tekerlekli sandalyede kılacaktır. (Muhammed Alaaddin, Üç Boyutuyla İslam, s. 294)

This week on Hivemind, the team breaks down the growing altcoin rally, why risk appetite is returning on-chain, and whether the current market can keep running without Bitcoin making a major move higher.They discuss the continued strength in HYPE, Zcash, Lighter and other winners, why this is becoming an alt-picker's market, and how tokenized stocks are creating an entirely new speculative playground across Robinhood Chain and Solana.The conversation also covers FOMO and the rise of crypto-native social trading, the dangers of chasing increasingly speculative on-chain trades, whether ETH can benefit from the tokenization wave, and why taking profits may be the most important skill for surviving multiple crypto cycles.TIMESTAMPS00:00:00 Intro00:00:30 Bitcoin Flat, Alts Ripping00:06:00 Is New Money Entering Crypto?00:10:10 The Alt-Picker's Market00:13:20 Tokenized Stocks & the New On-Chain Meta00:21:00 Can the On-Chain Mania Last?00:43:15 ETH, HYPE & the Tokenization Trade00:51:20 Taking Profits & Managing the Bull Market01:07:30 What Could Kill the Rally?01:16:30 VVV, OpenAI & Private Inference

Rikicin Gabas ta Tsakiya da ya tsananta tsakanin Amurka da Iran na cigaba da faɗaɗa, inda a ‘yan kwanakin nan ya kai ga sake tayar da rikicin Yemen tsakanin gwamnatin ƙasar da Saudiya ke marawa baya, da kuma ‘Yan tawayen Houthi masu samun goyon bayan Iran, ɓangarorin da zuwa yanzu suka rasa mayaƙa fiye da 500. Baya ga datse mashigin ruwan Hormuz, a halin yanzu rikicin na Gabas ta Tsakiya ya shafi mashigin ruwan Bab al-Mandeb da ke tekun Maliya, inda mayaƙan Houthi ke kai wa manyan jiragen ruwa farmaki don goyon bayan Iran. Don jin yadda masana ke kallon lamarin da kuma haɗarin da ke tattare da shi, Nura Ado Suleima ya tattauna da Farfesa Kamliu Sani Fagge na jami'ar Bayero da ke Kano.

The last day. Brady opened with the count, 37 shows in 50 days, and the campaign's frame: political independence 250 years ago, monetary independence now. Yan Pritzker, Frank Corva, Suze and Alec on stage; Unseen Finance returned at the end.The Liquid hack, plainly. On Sunday somebody sent 4,000 L-BTC to SideSwap's peg-out and the Liquid Federation paid out real Bitcoin. The L-BTC had been created from nothing. Blockstream paused the sidechain and 3,400 Bitcoin came back Monday.⭐ Yan on what broke: a caching bug, not anyone's keys. "The only two hard problems in computer science are naming and cache invalidation." Two transactions shared one cache key, so validators mistook a fake for one already checked.Why it is not Bitcoin. Yan: Liquid is an 11-of-15 federation of companies with its own database and rules. "This is a separate thing, this is not Bitcoin itself." Lightning is built on Bitcoin script; Liquid is not.⭐ Frank on the 15%. The hackers returned 85% and kept about 600 Bitcoin. His question: will anyone be made whole, and if they keep it, "they're surely not white hats." A Bitcoin Policy Institute lawyer offered to talk.Yan's verdict on the hat color: gray. Taking everything to beat a black hat is arguable. Keeping a cut is not. "You don't just return a wallet and take a bunch of stuff out of it."Suze's question: Bitcoiners are ruthless about added trust assumptions, so why did Liquid get a pass? "Were we discerning enough?" Leave the base layer and you take on another code base and another set of failure points.⭐ Yan on open source in the AI era: it stays because every open project gets red-teamed by the whole internet. Closed systems get hacked too, "we just don't hear about them." The base chain is "the ultimate boss" nobody has beaten.Yan's bank numbers, read live from the Identity Theft Resource Center: 3,332 reported data compromises in 2025 affecting 280 million people, 739 of them in financial services. "Bank-grade security" is not a standard anyone actually meets.⭐ Frank's hard question: must the layers be as bulletproof as Bitcoin? Yan: nothing is, and the only path is slow growth. Bitcoin was attacked at $1, then $10,000, then a billion. Early adopters carry the risk.Yan's rocket-ship rule. Bitcoin Core engineering is closer to launching a spacecraft than shipping web software. "Years of careful review, study, simulations on other chains." Test new tech on other coins for two years first.Suze asked whether ossification risks losing the skills to change Bitcoin in 50 years. Frank and Yan: no. Ossification is no new features, not no developers, and AI has widened who can work on cryptography and game theory.Yan on open-weight versus hosted AI: the same debate as open source versus closed, and open source won the internet. His advice to companies: externalize memory, skills and harness so you can swap models. Swan built its own.Unseen Finance returned with a proposal: these incidents are a credibility problem for the services on top of Bitcoin, not for Bitcoin. His fix, borrowed from banking: a self-regulatory body plus an insurance pool that service providers pay into.Brady's tally at the close: Cory, Yan, Steve, Alec, Isaiah, Matt and Brandon from Swan; Larry Lepard three times; Parker Lewis, Daniel Batten, Tom and Callum, Guy Swann, Ryan MacLeod, Alana, Bob Burnett, Roxana. Suze made 35 of 37.The close. "We have the tools, we have the knowledge, we have the culture, we have the determination." The half-price buy fee ends today; limit orders placed today keep it. Yan's last word: take security seriously, "go play with AI."

Emre uy, yasaklardan kaçın. Şu belalara sabırla karşı koy. Nafile sünnet ibadetleri yapmaya çalış; sünnet olan işleri yapmaya gayretli ol, ismin “Uyanıklar” defterine yazılır. Yaratıcı'dan sana başarı gelir. Yaptığın çalışma boşa gitmez. Zorla huzur bulunmaz; bu sevdayı bırak. Amel kapısına yapışırsan o da senin için sonuna kadar açık kalır. Yanımda akıllı durunuz. Bana sebatla bağlanınız. Niyetinizi tam tutunuz. Azimet sahibi olunuz. Beni töhmetle yâd etmeyiniz. Hakkımda iyi düşününüz. Böyle yaparsanız sözlerimin yararını bulursunuz; dediklerimin mânasını anlarsınız. Ey beni töhmet altına almak isteyen, yarın her şey açığa çıkar. Hâlimi olduğu gibi anlarsın. Aman, beni zahmete sokmayınız. Hâlime bırakınız beni. Kalp hâlin beni kahra uğratmak istiyor. Beni mağlûp etmek istiyor. Hâlbuki dünya işleri başımı aştı. Âhiret işleri kalbimi sardı. Allah Teâlâ'nın büyük tecellisi, sır âlemini kapladı. Sizlerle uğraşacak hâlim mi var? Bana yardımcı yok mu? Bana iyilikle yanaşacak kişi nerede? Kendi öz düşüncesi ile hâlimi soracak kimse yok mu? Yardımcım olduğu için kim Allah'a hamd eder? Herkes gibi benim de yardımcıya ihtiyacım olur. Hak Teâlâ'dan gayrı herkesin yardıma ihtiyacı vardır. Akıllı olunuz. Allah yoluna girenlere karşı iyi edep tavrı takınınız. Onlar, aşiretlerin bölüşmesi imkânsız olan kişilerdir. Beldeler onların hürmetine durur. Kullar onlar için esirgenir. Yeryüzü onların şerefine muhafaza edilir. Onlar olmasa sizin gösterişli hâlinizi kim neyler? Nifak ve şer hâliniz bir günde bu ülkeyi yıkar, batırır. Ey Allah'ın düşmanı münafıklar, Peygamber'in (s.a.v) sevmediği kimseler ve ateşe yanacak odunlar, sizin ne kıymetiniz var? Allah'ım, tevbemi kabul et. Onlara da tevbe nasib eyle. Beni ve onları ayıktır. Hem bana hem de onlara acı; rahmet nazarınla bak. Nefse verilen şeyde senin dahlin yoktur. Kadere senin hükmün geçmez. Sana düşen, duyguların kontrolüdür. Niyetin temiz tutulması, sana düşen vazifeler arasındadır. Bunu yaparsan, Hak tarafından iyi kimseler arasına yazılırsın. Kısmetler kaybolmaz. Gücüne, kuvvetine ve elinde bulunan fâni mala güvendiğin zaman gayb âleminden bir şey bekleme. * Allah'ım, sebeplere dayanmaktan sana sığınırız. Heveslere dalmaktan bizi koru. Boş alışkanlıkla olmayı bize nasib etme. Bütün, hâllerde Sen'den Sana sığınırız. “Rabb'imiz, bize dünyada iyilik ver. Âhirette iyiliğini esirgeme. Bizi ateşe atılmaktan koru.” (Bakara 201) “Allah'ın mahlukları arasında üç yüz Ebdal denilen has veli kulları vardır. Allah onların vesilesiyle hayat verir, öldürür. Onların yüzü suyu hürmetine yağmur yağdırır, belaları def eder.” (Aclunî, Keşful-hafa,1/33) Hz. Ömerin yağmur duasında hz. Abbas ile tevessülü. Müslüman olan insan baklava gibi tatlı olur ama cahil kalırsa turşulu baklava kadar ekşi olur. Tasavvuf ince insan yetiştirme sanatıdır. İnsanlar kaba insanlar odunlaşırlar. Cahillerle beraber oldukça cahilleşirler. Kelime hazneleri gittikçe daralır toplamlarına geçirmek zorunda kalırlar. Herhangi bir şeyi örneklendirmek istedikleri ellerinde bir çok düzgün seçenek olmasına rağmen en kötüyü ve en dip seçeneği tercih ederler en kötü kelimeyi tercih ederler. Kaliteli Müslümanlar örnek vereceği zaman mesela derler misali derler faraza derler diyelim ki derler bir şeyi örneklendirme on kelimesi vardır. Ama cahiller örneklendirmek istedikleri zaman sözde şöyle başlarlar atıyorum atıyorum ne ya ne atıyorsun oğlum sen. Başka bir cahil şöyle der sallıyorum ya ne sallama adamsın sen ya sallamak ne demek örneğinde mesela de farz de.

2019'da, bu podcast'in ikinci bölümünde bir tahmin yapmışım. Yedi yıl sonra o tahminin yanlış olduğunu, kendi sesimden dinleyeceksiniz.100. bölümdeyiz ve bu bölümde başarı hikayesi yok. 100 bölümde öğrendiğim dokuz şey var: beşi hala ayakta duruyor, dördü açık açık yanlış çıktı. Yanıldığım o dördünü kendi arşivimden, yedi yıl önce kurduğum kendi cümlelerimle önünüze koyuyorum. Çünkü sektörde herkes tuttuğu tahmini anlatıyor, tutmayanı kimse anlatmıyor. Halbuki para tam olarak orada kaybediliyor.Bu bölümde ayrıca podcast'in adının neden değiştiğini ve bundan sonra ne olacağını anlatıyorum.BÖLÜMLER00:00 Açılış: yedi yıl önce kurduğum cümle01:53 Bu podcast aslında kaç yaşında05:02 1. Yanıldım: doğru trend, yanlış oyuncu08:29 2. Tuttu: AI optimizasyonu insanı geçti11:47 3. Yanıldım: metaverse mağazaları14:24 4. Tuttu: TikTok'u ciddiye alın17:17 5. Yanıldım: üçüncü parti çerezler20:24 6. Tuttu: WhatsApp reklam alacak23:09 7. Yanıldım: AR ve VR pazarlaması26:11 8. Tuttu: uydu interneti28:52 9. Tuttu: sistem kuran kazanır32:07 Dokuz dersin ortak paydası34:02 Podcast'in adı neden değişiyor37:02 Bundan sonra ne olacak39:40 Kapanış: sıra sizdeBU BÖLÜMDEKİ DOKUZ KURAL1. Bir trendi doğru görmek, o trendden kimin kazanacağını bilmek değildir. Yeni ihtiyacı, dağıtım kanalını elinde tutan karşılar.2. Yeni bir teknolojiyi bugünkü sonucuna göre değil, iyileşme hızına göre değerlendirin.3. Bir teknolojinin adının konuşuluyor olması onun yaşadığı anlamına gelmez. Para akıyor mu, kullanıcı artıyor mu, geri geliyor mu?4. Platform takip etmeyin, davranış takip edin. Platformlar ölür, davranış kalır.5. Herkesin bildiği şey, en son kontrol edilen şeydir. En tehlikeli bilgi yanlış bilgi değil, eskimiş bilgidir.6. Ürün yol değiştirir, gelir modeli değiştirmez. Ücretsiz aracın sahibinin nasıl para kazandığına bakın.7. Yeni teknoloji, eskisinin yeterince iyi olduğu yerde kazanamaz. Ancak eskisinin acıttığı yerde kazanır.8. Teknoloji tahmininde yön bellidir, takvim değildir. Yapay zeka meslekleri bitirmiyor, küçültüyor.9. Artık en iyi işi yapan değil, o işi yapan sistemi kuran kazanıyor.BÖLÜMDE GEÇEN ARŞİV KAYITLARI2. bölüm (2019) AdBlocker, 7. bölüm (Şubat 2020) yapay zeka optimizasyonu, 9. bölüm (2020) uydu interneti, 15. bölüm (Kasım 2023) TikTok ve WhatsApp, 33. bölüm (Mart 2025) metaverse, 36. bölüm (Mart 2025) yapay zeka ajanları, 56. bölüm (Eylül 2025) üçüncü parti çerezler, 72. bölüm (Ocak 2026) sistem kuranlar, 74. bölüm (Ocak 2026) AR ve VR.KİMLER İÇİNE-ticaret ve marka sahipleri, ajans ve pazarlama ekipleri, yapay zeka araçlarını işine katmaya çalışan herkes.Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/faruktoprakx/LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/faruk-toprak-05767164/Web: https://faruktoprak.com/Beğendiyseniz takip edin ve bildirimleri açın. Sizin de yıllardır doğru sandığınız ama çoktan değişmiş bir bilginiz var mı? Bana yazın.

"You're not a cooler baseball player, and then you sprinkle some Jesus dust around the clubhouse." Yan Gomes spent 13 seasons behind the plate in the big leagues, and he's got a blunt take on how identity actually works — and how most guys get it backwards.Yan made history in 2012 as the first Brazilian-born player ever to reach Major League Baseball. He caught Game 7 of the 2016 World Series for Cleveland, won a ring with Washington in 2019, and finished his career with the Cubs. This past February, he went back to Brazil to coach their World Baseball Classic team — the first time he's ever put the coaching hat on.But the heart of this one is what happens after. Yan and Chris both know the strange math of retiring young from a pro sport, and they get honest about it: the bubble you live in as a player, the people you never got to meet, and why Yan's word for this season of life is simply "available."He also gets into the comparison trap that eats up Christian athletes, why his father-in-law — All-Star pitcher Atlee Hammaker — told him to stop worrying about pressure and start breathing it in, and the three verses he's built his life around: one for faith, one for family, one for friends.Plus: Chris finally gets to hear what the UT locker room said about him, and Yan admits the Gomes family dinner table is not always a picture of Christlike serenity.As always, we thank our title sponsor https://onecountry.com for making this podcast possible — catch every episode on the OneCountry app — and https://konexial.com for their continued support of the show.COACH ME UP TEAMhttps://onecountry.comhttps://konexial.comFollow us on Twitter:https://twitter.com/CoachJimmyDykeshttps://twitter.com/ChrisBurke02•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••Hosted by Jimmy Dykes and Chris BurkeProduced by Jared Mark Fincher — https://jaredmarkfincher.comAll audio is subject to copyright 2026 Jimmy Dykes Inc.Contact us at coachmeuppodcast@gmail.com

Dillon is Here...Tim "The Red Hawk" Welch and Suga Sean O'Malley are joined by DILLON DANIS. Dillon SOUNDS OFF on his upcoming fight vs Mike Perry, calls out Timbo, and more! ⚡️Check out PrizePicks! Sign up with code "TIMBO" and play $5 to get $150 in lineups if you Win! Click https://link.prizepicks.com/LME0/TIMBO⚡️LUCY is the only pouch that delivers long lasting, on demand flavor. Get 20% off your first order when you buy online at lucy.co/TIMBO with code TIMBO

This week on The Hivemind, the team breaks down why the latest rally may have real legs, how sidelined positioning and exhausted sellers helped fuel the move, and why the return of the debasement trade could mark a meaningful change in market regime.They discuss where to take risk if the bull market continues, whether consensus trades like HYPE and Zcash can keep outperforming, overlooked opportunities in Grass and Arrow, and why trying to get too clever with rotations can leave you behind.The conversation also covers Hyperliquid's potential alt season, Zcash and Cypherpunk, whether NFTs could actually make a comeback, Robinhood Chain, and why the macro setup for Bitcoin may be the strongest it's been in years.TIMESTAMPS00:00:00 Intro00:00:35 Is the Crypto Bull Market Back?00:08:55 HYPE & the Next Alt Season00:15:35 What Wins This Cycle?00:21:05 Consensus Trades vs. Hidden Alpha00:29:20 Zcash & the Next Rotation00:52:20 NFTs & Robinhood Chain01:04:35 Positioning for the Next Leg01:12:30 The Debasement Trade Is Back

Dancing with the Stars: The Next Pro Ep 7 Recap Watch the podcast on YouTube! RHAP dives into Dancing with the Stars: The Next Pro, Season 35, as hosts Matt and Sasha Joseph break down the penultimate episode. Sporting hoodies and ski goggles in the spirit of the show’s signature preseason anonymity, they dig into the week's dramatic elimination, shifting alliances, and speculation about which pros will make it onto next season’s main roster. Guest judge Kim Johnson brings extra insight and nostalgia, while surprise appearances from Dancing with the Stars veterans stir up new energy in the ballroom. The discussion centers on the multi-round structure, where contestants first pair with returning DWTS pros like Whitney Carson, Gleb Savchenko, Jan, and Riley Arnold, followed by a fiercely competitive round of paired routines. Each duo's dynamic is unpacked—from Alan's challenge to bring out Whitney's sparkle without receiving feedback, to Salina's chemistry with Jan and bold choreography choices. The importance of “wow moments” is debated, with judges demanding stand-out performances, while the hosts question if this focus truly fits the skills being tested. Highlights from this episode include: Alan and Whitney's jive performance struggles with chemistry and the tension of a hands-off rehearsal process Salina impresses alongside Jan, blending commercial dance with salsa and earning high praise for creativity and energy Adele and Gleb's partnership stands out for technical prowess and seamless connection, drawing comparisons to top series pros AJ's intensity with Riley in rehearsals sparks talk on whether drive outweighs approachability in a potential new pro Rumor mill churns about next season's casting, possible judge panel changes, and the return of fan favorite Sharna Burgess With the DWTS: Next Pro finale and Season 35 just ahead, will technical mastery or show-stopping flair carry the day? How will shifting dynamics and rumored cast shakeups shape the upcoming season? Dive into the episode for a detailed strategy discussion, candid opinions, and all the latest ballroom buzz. Catch the full podcast for insider analysis, bold predictions, and the latest on your DWTS favorites. Chapters: 0:00 Masked Entrances and Preseason Rituals 6:31 Pros Return, Challenge Format Revealed 9:00 Alan and Whitney's Choreography Struggles 12:26 Judges Critique Alan's Partnership 14:47 Wow Moments Debate Intensifies 16:41 Selena and Yan's Viral Salsa 18:42 Adele and Gleb's Ballroom Chemistry 21:24 Riley and AJ Clash Over Intensity 26:10 Selena Outshines Alan in Quickstep 34:41 Adele and AJ Deliver Top Foxtrot 37:36 Alan's Emotional Elimination Announced 41:28 Finale Predictions and Partnerships 44:45 Season 35 Casting Rumors Detailed 50:11 Same-Sex Pairing Returns 54:22 Holiday Special and Finale Preview Join the RHAP Dancing with the Stars Facebook group: ?https://www.facebook.com/groups/rhapdwts Never miss a minute of RHAP's coverage! LISTEN: Subscribe to the podcast feed WATCH:  Watch and subscribe to the podcast on YouTube SUPPORT:  Become a RHAP Patron for bonus content, access to Facebook and Discord groups plus more great perks!

This show is sponsored by Kellogg's Football Camps - a brilliant solution for families looking to keep kids active, having fun, and building confidence this summer. ----------------------- FOOTBALL FOR KIDS +

MMA Lock of the Night is back to give you breakdowns and predictions for UFC Shanghai: Nurmagomedov vs Song. Also on the main card card, Yan vs Gomes, Aoriqileng vs Asakura, Perez vs Sumudaerji, Rodrigues vs Liu, and Hasan vs Rojas.

In this episode of Your Next Move: Audio Edition, Inc. senior editor Tim Crino sits down with Yann Deredec, cofounder and chief growth officer of Yama Group, a San Diego–based pharmaceutical and biotech marketing agency making its second consecutive appearance on the Inc. 5000. Yan explains how a lack of creativity in healthcare communications inspired him to leave the corporate world and launch Yama Group during the 2009 financial crisis. He also shares how the company has remained profitable without outside investment, why developing strong leaders has been one of its greatest challenges, and how a “blue ocean” strategy helps the agency pursue distinctive opportunities rather than compete in crowded markets. The conversation explores Yama Group's immersive patient-simulation platforms, which help doctors navigate complex treatment decisions and engage with lifelike virtual patients. Yan also discusses the need for responsible AI guardrails in healthcare, the risks surrounding sensitive patient data, and how reduced research funding could affect medical innovation.

It's Redtime BoysTim "Red Hawk" Welch is joined by the legend Joe "Diesel" Riggs and BEDTIME MMA! The boys break down Islam Makhachev vs Ian Garry at UFC 330, Arman vs Ruffy, Van vs Pantoja 2, UFC 333 Volk vs Evloev, and Merab vs Petr Yan 2!⚡️Check out PrizePicks! Sign up with code "TIMBO" and play $5 to get $150 in lineups if you Win! Click https://link.prizepicks.com/LME0/TIMBO

Ben Lindbergh and Meg Rowley banter about the deepening monetary morass surrounding Mark Walter and whether it will eventually ensnare the Dodgers, the struggles of Edwin Díaz and Kyle Tucker, L.A.’s incentive to try for a bye, the Dodgers’ and Mets’ offseason oopsies, Pete Crow-Armstrong’s heroics, the hot hitting of Denae Benites and the WPBL’s offensive environment, Joshua Báez and MLB’s debutant ball, Colt Emerson’s hidden hurt, the AL’s wild card mid-off, a four-team whirlwind for Jake Rogers, the longest team trade droughts, and more. Audio intro: Jonathan Crymes, “Effectively Wild Theme” Audio outro: Alex Glossman and Ali Breneman, “Effectively Wild Theme” Link to Walter Mitty wiki Link to Ben on Walter Link to Bloomberg on Walter Link to WSJ on Walter Link to Baker on Walter Link to Reuters on Walter Link to The Athletic on Walter Link to Chelsea shares story Link to Ohtani clause story Link to Walter tweet Link to more on Walter Link to Tucker/PCA tweet Link to one-day WAR Link to Opta/PCA fun fact Link to 1957 Power game Link to FG WAR leaderboard Link to Tucker miss 1 Link to Tucker miss 2 Link to Tucker home offense Link to Tucker road offense Link to Karros comment Link to BP on Tucker Link to Tucker in the dugout Link to Tucker and Ohtani Link to Tucker summary Link to Díaz IL story Link to Dodgers bye incentive Link to Sheehan on Stearns Link to Sam on Stearns Link to Ben on the Mets Link to WPBL leaderboard Link to WPBL RA9 Link to MLB RA9 Link to BP on WPBL offense Link to Benites wiki Link to BP on Benites Link to Benites MLB comps Link to Cade Skywalker Link to Simmons Mariners tweets Link to Emerson story 1 Link to Emerson story 2 Link to Nightengale on Wilson Link to Murphy’s hidden injury Link to Watchmen quote Link to Watchmen meme template Link to Ben on debutant batters Link to debutants spreadsheet Link to MLB Báez video Link to ESPN Báez video Link to Callahan triple video Link to Callahan triple story Link to Cobb/Irwin article Link to Paine on post-deadline confusion Link to FG playoff odds Link to post-deadline odds changes Link to wild card standings Link to Crizer on the AL standings Link to Rogers fun fact Link to Rogers feature Link to Rogers wedding story Link to trade droughts article Link to Atlanta-Philly trades Link to Cleveland-KC trades Link to Dodgers-Tigers trades Link to Red Sox-Yankees trades Link to fourth out wiki Link to Jaffe on John Link to Episode 1580 Stat Blast Link to Cubs-Cardinals game Link to Cubs-Nationals game Link to Hembekides clip Link to Hembekides graph Link to Wilson overturn Link to Yan tweet 1 Link to Yan tweet 2 Link to Burgos gamelogs Link to Burgos post Sponsor Us on Patreon Give a Gift Subscription Email Us: podcast@fangraphs.com Effectively Wild Subreddit Effectively Wild Wiki Apple Podcasts Feed Spotify Feed YouTube Playlist Facebook Group Bluesky Account Twitter Account Get Our Merch! var SERVER_DATA = Object.assign(SERVER_DATA || {}); Source

In this Q&A episode of Vineyard Underground, Fritz answers real-world questions from growers across the U.S., covering late-season disease management, water and nutrient strategy, and vine removal decisions. Fritz talks through post-harvest care for young, non-bearing vines, how to handle irrigation and foliar disease pressure in different regions, and clears up confusion around growing degree days.  He also explains how to work with phosphorous acid fungicides and spray tank pH, why and how to remove struggling vines when repurposing a block, and ways to improve fruit acidity and yeast-assimilable nitrogen for better fermentations. The episode closes with guidance on supporting weaker replants surrounded by mature vines. Listeners will gain clear, field-tested guidance they can apply right away to protect vine health, improve fruit quality, and make smarter long-term decisions in their vineyards. In this episode, you will hear: How to manage irrigation and disease control for non-bearing young vines heading into fall Why negative growing degree days are set to zero and how to choose a realistic start date Best timing and methods for removing underperforming vines  How phosphorous acid fungicides fit into a spray program and why spray water pH matters Ways to boost fruit YAN and acidity, while supporting pale, third-leaf replants facing competition with mature vines Follow and Review: If you enjoyed this episode, be sure to follow the podcast and leave a 5-star review on Apple Podcasts! Your support helps us reach more listeners.

Yan Pritzker, Swan's cofounder and CTO, walks his new essay on Bitcoin fork history, from the 2015 block size debates through the hard fork scheduled for September 1. Published on the Swan blog and posted to X during the show. His own entry point was Ethereum, not Bitcoin. The 2016 DAO rollback split the chain and created Ethereum Classic, and watching that taught him what a fork actually is before he lived through one in Bitcoin. Soft fork versus hard fork, explained without jargon. A soft fork produces blocks old nodes still accept. A hard fork produces blocks every existing node rejects, which means everyone must upgrade or the new chain is invisible to them. The asymmetry that decides every hard fork. Doing nothing rejects it by default. The forker has to convince every exchange, business, and holder to change software, including people asleep, on vacation, or gone. Brady's summary: they said if you're not with us you're against us, but the truth is if you're not with us, you ignored us. The block size wars were about governance, not block size. The big blockers had 58 companies, 22 countries, 83% of hash power. They still lost, because Bitcoin is not decided by a vote but by whether the blocks you produce get accepted. A 2010 forum post Yan found while researching. Jeff Garzik proposed a few lines of code to match PayPal's throughput, and 13 minutes later theymos and then Satoshi told him it would fork him off the network. The idea and the answer are both sixteen years old. The SegWit2x futures market as free-market polling. Exchanges let people trade the forked coin before the fork existed, it priced below Bitcoin, and miners used that signal. Brady: you are risking capital to vote, not answering a question on the telephone. Why every fork coin bleeds out. Holders receive it at a cost basis of zero, so selling at any price above zero is profit. Brady recounts selling his Bitcoin Cash near the intraday top around 0.4 to 0.45 BTC on Thanksgiving week 2017, watching a Telegram group call the biggest red candle in Bitcoin's history. Suze sat through six days of Craig Wright's cross-examination and describes supporters leaving court convinced he was winning. Yan's read: each splinter selects for the most willing to believe, producing what Brady calls mini cults. ⭐ The practical warning, and the reason to listen: do nothing. Replay attacks mean a transaction signed to move fork coins can be rebroadcast on Bitcoin and move your real Bitcoin. Never type a seed phrase into fork software, and treat any urgent instruction as a scam. On tail emissions: Yan grants that if Bitcoin had launched with 0.1% inflation nobody would object, because the point of the monetary policy is that it is fixed and predictable. Introducing it now is different, and he points at Ethereum changing its policy as the demonstration. His closing thought turns the whole story around. Every failed fork has proved Bitcoin cannot be changed, and the price rose after each one. He suggests this fork may mark the bear market bottom.

TOMMY IS BACK!Tim "Red Hawk" Welch is joined by the Tommy "GUNZ" McMillen and the legend Joe "Diesel" Riggs! The boys break down Tommy's next fight vs Marwan Rahiki at UFC Noche, they breakdown Islam Makhachev vs Ian Garry at UFC 330, and Tommy is buying a Lambo!⚡️Check out PrizePicks! Sign up with code "TIMBO" to play $5 and WIN $50 INSTANTLY Click https://link.prizepicks.com/LME0/TIMBO♠️ Check out Spade! Use Code: TIMBOSPADE10 FOR 10% OFF!!https://www.amazon.com/stores/SPADE/page/91C86242-444D-487E-9D63-3FBB1503187F?ref_=ast_bln

This is a free preview of a paid episode. To hear more, please visit our Patreon. Ben Lindbergh and Meg Rowley banter about the latest apparent change in the baseball’s behavior (this time it seems to be deader) and, in a tribute to Tommy John (11:35), retrace the timeline of his trailblazing surgery and his return to a major league mound 50 years ago through contemporaneous accounts and quotes. Then (55:58) they bring on top-tier Patreon supporter Jamie Verbrugge to discuss his podcast and baseball backgrounds before answering listener emails (1:05:02) about the upper bounds of a cup of coffee, a really entertaining but trophy-less season vs. a really boring championship season, an undercover baseball robot, whether Jefry Yan would celebrate a strikeout on an overturned ball call, whether fans are suggestible enough to be fooled by fake home run distances, an ultimate frisbee-style integrity rule for baseball, the value of Ron Washington, and the advisability of bringing the infield in, followed by Stat Blasts (2:01:49) about Pete Crow-Armstrong leading his league in offense and defense, every team in a divison having the same recent record, team games with high matching run, hit, and walk totals, pitchers who got a win, a loss, and a save in a single three-game series, team games with streaks of the same start to each offensive inning, bullpens where one pitcher out-WARed all the others combined, and strikeout-free shutouts. Audio intro: Beatwriter, “Effectively Wild Theme” Audio interstitial: Sean .P, “Effectively Wild Theme” Audio outro: Liz Panella, “Effectively Wild Theme” Link to Sheehan on the ball Link to Savant drag dashboard Link to earlier ball analysis 1 Link to earlier ball analysis 2 Link to John’s statement Link to MLB.com on John’s statement Link to Reuters on John’s illness Link to Tommy John wiki Link to Frank Jobe wiki Link to Jaffe on John Link to career IP leaders Link to Grant on Posey/Avila Link to NanoNeedle article Link to Maness repair article Link to TJ timeline links Link to TJS database Link to Strom surgery article Link to Bordley surgery article 1 Link to Bordley surgery article 2 Link to Ben’s baseball/America course Link to Ben C. on Skubal and Detroit Link to Dickson on “cup of coffee” Link to Asimov’s Robot series Link to Super Baseball 2020 Link to Baseball Highlights 2045 Link to Data smell Reddit thread Link to Skenes photos Link to Yan game video Link to Yan box score Link to Yan Savant search Link to ultimate’s integrity rule Link to Arraez/Washington article Link to article on Wash in 2027 Link to SIS infield-in study Link to Ben on shifting vs. RHB Link to Stirnweiss SABR bio Link to PCA/Snuffy Blast spreadsheet Link to AL Central streaks image Link to 13-13-13 Stathead query Link to win/loss/save spreadsheet Link to leadoff streaks info Link to 2026 Guardians relievers Link to bullpen WAR gaps spreadsheet Link to Tigers-Guardians gamer Link to zero-K, zero-run games Link to listener emails database Link to MLB All-Century Team Link to BNS Jays play podcast Sponsor Us on Patreon Give a Gift Subscription Email Us: podcast@fangraphs.com Effectively Wild Subreddit Effectively Wild Wiki Apple Podcasts Feed Spotify Feed YouTube Playlist Facebook Group Bluesky Account Twitter Account Get Our Merch! var SERVER_DATA = Object.assign(SERVER_DATA || {}); Source

“The pace and trajectory of private-market growth has simply outpaced the growth of bank balance sheets,” says Dadong Yan, head of Barings Portfolio Finance, explaining the success of the asset class and the opportunities that lie ahead. In this episode of Credit Crunch, Yan joins Bloomberg Intelligence's Noel Hebert to discuss the evolution of portfolio finance from a bank-dominated lending business to an institutional investment opportunity, and how institutional capital helps to fill the financing gap created in private markets. The two talk about the importance of disciplined underwriting, diversification and structural protections, while Yan argues that controlling lender positions, proprietary data and rigorous risk management — not simply yield — will determine long-term success in the asset class. The Credit Crunch podcast is part of BI's FICC Focus series.

This week on the Hivemind, the team debates whether the market is on the cusp of a new on-chain boom or whether the lack of a major wealth-creation event in Bitcoin, ETH, or SOL will keep the upside limited.They break down the green shoots showing up across FWA, FOMO, MetaDAO and other pockets of the market, why small and mid caps may offer better opportunities than the majors, and whether exhausted sellers could be setting the stage for the next move higher.The conversation also covers Hyperliquid and tokenized stocks, the competition between crypto and AI for speculative capital, whether buy-and-hold still works, and why the next sustained rally may require a very different catalyst than previous cycles.TIMESTAMPS00:00:00 Intro00:00:50 Is On-Chain Finally Coming Back?00:09:05 Who Buys Bitcoin Next?00:21:55 Where Does Crypto Value Accrue?00:28:45 Majors vs. Small Caps00:35:30 Crypto vs. AI00:47:05 RWAs, HYPE & Tokenized Stocks00:55:55 The FWA Experiment

Resistance training can significantly improve cardiovascular health in older adults by lowering both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as offering unique benefits like increased muscle strength and quality. In this “NASM CPT Podcast” episode, host Rick Richey reviews the latest meta-analyses and systematic reviews, sharing practical insights on how resistance training helps manage hypertension and supports healthy aging. Listeners will learn why resistance training is valuable for older populations, how it compares to aerobic exercise for blood pressure control, and the importance of starting with progressive resistance to minimize soreness and build confidence. Rick also addresses specific concerns such as training postmenopausal women and individuals with sarcopenia, providing evidence that regular, structured resistance training leads to greater health benefits, especially in those over 60. After listening, fitness professionals will be equipped with research-backed strategies for designing effective, safe training programs for older adults and addressing their concerns about resistance exercises. Chapters: [00:00:00] What are the cardiovascular benefits of resistance training for older adults? [00:05:43] How does resistance training affect blood pressure in people with hypertension? [00:10:53] How does resistance training benefit postmenopausal women? [00:14:14] What is sarcopenia and how can resistance training help elderly adults? [00:15:01] How should trainers safely begin resistance training with older or inexperienced clients? [00:18:48] How can trainers help older clients build strength and confidence progressively? Show References:Wang, X., Wang, Q., Zhao, W., Wang, J., Chen, L., & Wang, L. (2025). The efficacy of resistance training for the management of hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Postepy w kardiologii interwencyjnej = Advances in interventional cardiology, 21(2), 163–170. https://doi.org/10.5114/aic.2025.151598  Henkin, J. S., Pinto, R. S., Machado, C. L. F., & Wilhelm, E. N. (2023). Chronic effect of resistance training on blood pressure in older adults with prehypertension and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Experimental gerontology, 177, 112193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2023.112193   Rivera-Mejía, S. L., Rúa-Alonso, M. A., Rial-Vázquez, J., Nine, I., Camacho-Villa, M. A., Enríquez-González, M. A. G., Varela-Sanz, A., Fariñas, J., Revuelta-Lera, B., Fraga-Germade, E., Giráldez-Garcí A, M. A., & Iglesias-Soler, E. (2026). Resistance Training Improves Cardiovascular Health in Postmenopausal Women: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 10.1152/japplphysiol.01180.2025. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01180.2025   Zhao, H., Cheng, R., Song, G., Teng, J., Shen, S., Fu, X., Yan, Y., & Liu, C. (2022). The Effect of Resistance Training on the Rehabilitation of Elderly Patients with Sarcopenia: A Meta-Analysis. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(23), 15491. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315491 If you like what you just consumed, leave us a 5-star review, and share this episode with a friend to help grow our NASM health and wellness community! The content shared in this podcast is solely for educational and entertainment purposes. It is not intended to be a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek out the guidance of your healthcare provider or other qualified professional. Any opinions expressed by guests and hosts are their own and do not necessarily reflect the views of NASM. Introducing NASM One, the membership for trainers and coaches. For just $35/mo., get unlimited access to over 300 continuing education courses, 50% off additional certifications and specializations, EDGE Trainer Pro all-in-one coaching app to grow your business, unlimited exam attempts and select waived fees. Stay on top of your game and ahead of the curve as a fitness professional with NASM One. Click here to learn more. https://bit.ly/4ddsgrm

Pano kung palagi kang may nakikitang babaeng nakaputi tuwing ma-Urom (sleep paralysis) ka? Yan at ang iba pang mga experience ni Lemon ang maririnig natin sa episode Lemon, maraming salamat uli!Kung gusto nyo marinig yung episode na may Sepia Mode gaya nang na e-experience ni Urom, baka gusto nyo pakinngan: EP 263 - Ang Astral Travel ni Elle - Elle Chapter 1https://youtu.be/tKRVceub7PAEto naman ang mga sleep related horror stories:Sleep Related Scary Stories Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWCHva28hRRAKung meron rin kayong paranormal experiences sa at gusto nyo kwento, pwede nyo yan email sa ⁠paranormalsph@gmail.com⁠ or message nyo ako sa Facebook: ⁠https://www.facebook.com/paranormalpodcast/⁠In case first time mo makinig sa podcast, pwede ka magsimular sa Episode 1:⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠EPISODE 1 The Unexpected Visitor⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Kung di nyo pa nabalitaan, meron tayong episodes na Deep Dive, English and Tagalog, mahahanap lang yan sa YouTube:English - ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLcg83FW_a91KrMPaZK-9AkbDNNDS0venx⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Tagalog - ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLcg83FW_a91KpB4E63SE1nG_Bm7IGkgd4⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠If you enjoy this kind of conversation, you might want to subscribe :D ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Facebook⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Spotify⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠YouTube⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Tiktok⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Apple Podcast⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Matagal ka na bang listener at gusto mo support ang podcast? Pwede yan!⁠ Be a YouTube Member: ⁠⁠⁠https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCfEV5ZNv9QVAMCng124K1jg/join⁠⁠⁠You can also support us on Patreon ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.patreon.com/paranormalpodcast⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ We have different tiers for supporters, from the general support to early access, to joining us on the calls way in advance. No pressure, just additional help for us :) The Para Normal Podcast. Engineered and Produced by f90 Productions Rate and Review our show on Spotify, Pocket Casts, and Apple PodcastsDo you want to support the podcast? You can help keep us going by giving us a cup of joe! ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ko-fi.com/paranormalpodcast ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠For brand partnerships, advertisements, or other collaboration opportunities with our podcast, please contact our management team at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠info@tagm.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Enjoy. 

Last time we spoke about the ending of the Second Battle of Changsha. In late September and early October 1941, Chinese commander Chen Cheng planned an operation to retake Yichang, a strategic Yangtze River city whose control was essential for protecting the approach to Chongqing. Japanese forces were pulling back from Changsha, weakened by supply problems and casualties, which created an opportunity for Chen to intensify his campaign. Yichang had been captured by Japan in 1940, a defeat that Chen carried as a personal and political burden. He therefore moved to encircle the Japanese 13th Division inside Yichang and drive it to collapse. Although the Chinese held a clear manpower advantage—fourteen divisions against the encircled Japanese—progress was slowed by stubborn fighting from prepared, entrenched positions. The battle inside the city produced desperate close-quarters combat and heavy casualties, showing how the fate of Yichang and the wider defense of Chongqing were tightly linked.    #214 War hits the Pacific Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War.   The guns fell silent on October 9, 1941, as the Ninth War Zone's forces restored their pre-battle positions, marking the end of the Second Battle of Changsha. The balance sheet was grim on both sides, but it was China that bore the heavier cost. The Ninth Military Front suffered 70,672 killed, wounded, or missing. The concurrent Yichang offensive added a further 21,368 casualties to the Sixth Military Front, a force that outnumbered its Japanese opponents ten to one yet still failed to retake the city. By the time the dust settled, the Chinese army had lost nearly 100,000 men across both theatres. The Chinese command was frank, at least in private, about what had gone wrong. The Japanese had moved with a speed that recalled Blitzkrieg, advancing 130 kilometres in eleven days and withdrawing at twelve kilometres a day, catching the defenders perpetually off-balance. The 26th, 37th, 10th, and 74th Corps had been picked apart piecemeal rather than fighting in concert, the original plan to destroy the Japanese south of the Miluo River coming to nothing. Elite formations had paid a disproportionate price: the 74th Corps suffered 14,521 casualties, the 37th Corps 14,015, and the 58th Division alone lost 6,192 of its 11,907 men, nearly its entire fighting strength.   Yet none of this was the story the public would hear. On October 10th, China's National Day, radio stations announced the "Second Great Victory in Northern Hunan", the annihilation of over 40,000 enemy troops. Newspapers rushed out special editions. Congratulatory telegrams flooded in from government ministries and civic organizations. Senior officials seized on the moment: Sun Ke, Premier of the Executive Yuan, declared that the victory "laid the foundation for the counter-offensive and the recapture of Hankou and Guangzhou," while General Bai Chongxi called it "the pivotal moment for us to turn defeat into victory." Chiang Kai-shek, reading through the pages of triumphant commentary produced overnight by his propagandists, was reportedly impressed by their industry, if not convinced by their content. He had not wanted to call it a victory at all, but the political calculus was unavoidable: after four years of war, an exhausted nation needed the psychological sustenance that only "victory" could provide.   The gap between public performance and private reality was nowhere more visible than in the arrival of a twenty-two-member international press delegation on October 13th. Journalists from Britain, the United States, France, the Netherlands, Portugal, Hong Kong, and major Chinese newspapers were flown to Changsha and carefully guided through selected battlefields, where they inspected mountains of war trophies and heard testimony from soldiers and civilians. They left satisfied, presenting their war souvenirs—swords, binoculars, Japanese military flags—to their audiences back home as proof of Chinese heroism and Japanese defeat. Both China and Japan were claiming victory simultaneously. The only conclusion the foreign press could draw was that one side was lying, and it was not the side that had shown them the evidence.   Chiang Kai-shek's real verdict came at the Third Nanyue Military Conference, held from October 16 to 21. His anger was withering. He condemned his generals for their obsession with defending sprawling outer perimeter lines while leaving city centres barely fortified, a mentality so rigid, he said, that the Japanese could announce the exact time of their advance and withdrawal in advance and still execute it on schedule without interference. "Generals, what a disgrace this is!" On the failure to capture prisoners, only 263 prisoners were claimed across the entire front, of whom only 16 names were actually published, he was almost incredulous: "We can definitely defeat the enemy, capture many enemy prisoners, and seize countless enemy weapons! Even if we cannot capture ten thousand prisoners, we should at least capture a thousand! If not a thousand, then at least a hundred! But now, you don't even have ten!" The conference handed down punishments to match the rhetoric. Liao Lingqi, commander of the shattered 58th Division, was sentenced to death for desertion and shot on October 22nd. His men were so outraged that three regimental commanders resigned in protest; the division was pulled from the order of battle entirely and given three months to rebuild. Li Yutang, commander of the 10th Corps, was dismissed—though the Third Battle of Changsha would begin before his replacement could take post, and he would be reinstated to play a key role in the city's defence.   On the Japanese side, the 11th Army acknowledged 1,670 killed, 5,184 wounded, and 14 missing, far fewer than Chinese claims, though post-war regimental histories suggest the true figure was higher. Lieutenant General Anami, who had championed the operation, found himself stung by the charge that the battle had served mainly as material for Chinese propaganda. On November 23rd, he reportedly reacted with visible displeasure when someone in his headquarters said as much aloud.  Anami's annoyance was easy enough to understand, but the accusation carried a troubling degree of accuracy. The Second Battle of Changsha had yielded no decisive strategic gain and no substantial alteration in the military balance. What it did generate, rather effectively, was a story and by the autumn of 1941, stories were one of the few things China still had in plentiful supply. The most consequential struggles were taking place not along the Miluo River, but in foreign ministries and embassies, in Washington and Moscow, in the messages passing between Chongqing and London, and in the increasingly strained calculations of statesmen trying to determine, amid rapidly changing circumstances, whom to support and for how long.   For Chiang Kai-shek, the challenge was never merely military. It was structural, and had been so from the outset. He had always seen clearly, precisely because he understood China's weakness, that Japan could not be defeated by China alone. The country lacked the industrial base, the logistical reach, and after four years of relentless attrition more and more the manpower needed to force a decisive result on the battlefield. China's survival depended on making its war inseparable from the wars of other powers. Since 1937, Chiang's diplomacy had pursued that single objective: convincing enough great powers that their interests were aligned with China's, and holding that coalition together long enough for Japan to be subdued. That effort turned out to be vastly more difficult than it ought to have been.   The problem started with the international order in which the war emerged. Chiang had hoped to assemble a concert of allies willing to help defend China against Japanese aggression. He was blocked not just by the reluctance of neutral states to aid China, but by the speed with which alliances shifted in the opening years of the Second World War. He had never welcomed the prospect of a general European conflict, correctly fearing that it would push China even further to the margins of world attention. Even so, he recognized that once the lines had hardened between the imperial democracies and fascism, new alignments might become possible. From his perspective, the growing amity between Berlin and Moscow was therefore disastrous. He had been eager to draw the USSR into war against Japan. Instead, the Soviets were now effectively aligned with the Nazis, who were themselves allied with Tokyo.   The world created after Versailles had already enraged many Chinese. After all, the May Fourth demonstrations of 1919 had arisen directly from the settlement reached at the Paris Peace Conference. Yet that older order had at least possessed recognizable anchors, especially the dominance of the two great European empires and the United States. Now those empires were weakening, and no one could say with confidence what the new geopolitical order would be. For all Chiang knew, Germany might emerge as Europe's new dominant power. The early years of the European war produced a bewildering spectacle of diplomatic realignment.   The Nationalist government had previously enjoyed a short-lived flirtation with Nazi Germany. In fact, Hitler's regime continued supplying Chiang with munitions in the first months of China's war against Japan. The Anti-Comintern Pact of 1936 had theoretically joined Germany, Italy, and Japan into the Axis, but mutual distrust prevented them from forming anything like a fully coherent alliance. Chiang found it useful to imply to Western powers that he might be pushed into closer alignment with Germany, a particularly disturbing possibility for the USSR, which faced enemies in both Europe and Asia. But eventually the contradictions in German policy toward East Asia became too severe. In April 1938, Germany yielded to Japanese pressure and ended its support for China.   Britain offered little meaningful help. Neville Chamberlain became prime minister in May 1937 at the head of a Conservative-led National Government, and was quickly overwhelmed by the deteriorating European situation. If Czechoslovakia was for him a "far-off country of which we know nothing," China's fate was even more distant and obscure to many,  perhaps most  policymakers in London. The Nationalists had more success in cultivating the United States. At the Nine-Power Conference in Brussels in November 1937, the Chinese delegation failed to persuade Washington to impose sanctions on Japan and confront it directly. By the middle of 1938, however, American views were beginning to shift. As Japan pushed deeper into southern China, it became increasingly obvious that the occupied territory would be closed to foreign trade. In December 1938, Treasury Secretary Henry Morgenthau arranged a private American loan of $25 million to China, to be repaid through shipments of tung oil, a varnish product whose real importance lay not in itself, but in what the arrangement signified: a quiet American expression of faith that Chongqing would survive. Chiang also held on to the hope of an even less likely partnership. He had become fiercely anti-Communist during the 1920s, yet in the early years of the anti-Japanese war his greatest hope still rested on Soviet entry into the conflict. Soviet advisers and pilots had aided China from 1937 to 1939, but the USSR never formally declared war on Japan. Still, as Japanese aggression in northern Asia intensified, it remained possible that the Soviets would eventually be drawn in.   Then, as so often happened whenever Chiang tried to impose some control over the course of the war, events beyond China's borders altered the struggle in fundamental ways. While Western attention remained fixed on Europe's darkening horizon, a battle with major consequences for East Asia unfolded on the frontiers of Outer Mongolia, Manchukuo, and the eastern Soviet Union. Throughout much of 1938 and early 1939, one faction within the Japanese Imperial Army sought to pressure the Soviets along their eastern frontier. The USSR appeared vulnerable; Stalin's paranoid purges had executed or exiled many of the Red Army's best officers. In May 1939, fighting broke out near Nomonhan between forces from Soviet-backed Mongolia and Japanese troops from Manchukuo. Within days, both sides had reinforced heavily, until nearly 60,000 Soviet troops faced about 40,000 soldiers from the Kwantung Army. Over the next four months, until mid-September, they fought a major battle ending in a decisive Japanese defeat and establishing the reputation of General Georgi Zhukov, who would later become one of Stalin's most celebrated wartime commanders. The much-derided Soviet Army had fought with formidable effectiveness, and the result was not only a ceasefire but also a nonaggression pact between the two sides, extinguishing, in one stroke, Chiang's hopes for a Chinese-Soviet military alliance. The final blow came after developments in northern Europe. In the Winter War of 1939–1940, the Soviet invasion of Finland led Britain and France to back a motion expelling the USSR from the League of Nations. China, then a member of the League Council, declined to use its veto to block the resolution. Stalin was enraged by Chiang's failure to prevent Soviet expulsion, and mutual suspicion thereafter poisoned relations between the two leaders for the rest of the war against Japan. China would now have to continue without further major Soviet backing.   By the spring of 1940, China's position had become deeply precarious. In March, senior Japanese negotiators sought an agreement with Chiang in Chongqing, while Wang Jingwei was trying to formalize his rival Nationalist government in Nanjing. This effort, known in Chinese as the Tong Operation, and in Japanese as Operation Kiri, led to talks in Hong Kong from March 7 to 10, 1940. Militarily, the Nationalists were in grave danger: the United States remained neutral, and Europe was in chaos. Indeed, that same spring, with France seemingly near collapse, the British government also sent out discreet feelers to explore the possibility of a negotiated peace with Germany. For China, Western assistance was nowhere in sight. The Japanese judged the moment favorable for pressing Chiang toward concessions. Faced with serious danger to his regime, Chiang allowed the door to negotiation to open just slightly.   As a consequence, the Japanese delayed full recognition of Wang Jingwei's new government. Through the summer and autumn of 1940, Tokyo remained uncertain about the defector. Prominent Japanese figures such as Count Arima Yoriyasu of the Privy Council said Wang's conduct demonstrated his untrustworthiness, and Foreign Minister Matsuoka Yōsuke continued to express interest in an agreement with Chongqing. Zhou Fohai captured the defectors' frustration, men who believed they had made the highest patriotic sacrifice when he wrote: "Chongqing sees us as collaborators, we see ourselves as heroes. We think only peace can save the country — that's why we think of ourselves as heroes. If we end up classed as heroes, then China and Japan will be at peace. If we end up classed as collaborators, then China and Japan will never be at peace."That formulation conveyed something genuine about the moral dizziness of the period. Most of the defectors were not men devoid of principles; they were men whose principles had carried them to a place that history would find exceptionally hard to pardon.   The "New Fourth Army Incident" brought to a close one of the most consequential years in modern Chinese political history. The battle of ideas unfolding in 1940 was already visible to informed contemporaries. Early in 1941, US Ambassador Nelson Johnson sent Washington a detailed assessment of the Chinese political situation in reply to another report passed along by Major Evans Carlson, an American officer who had made an extensive journey through the Chinese interior. The contrast between the two documents revealed a widening split in American views of China. Carlson, together with his travelling companion, the New Zealander Rewi Alley, had become increasingly sympathetic to the Communists after visiting their territories in 1938 and admiring their discipline. Carlson described the Nationalists as moving toward "fascism," and argued that American aid should be conditioned on Chiang's government being compelled to adopt more "democratic" institutions.   Johnson strongly disagreed. It was "only normal and natural," he wrote, that the Nationalists wanted to retain power, but during the war they had established the National Political Consultative Council, in which multiple parties, including the Communists, were represented. He also noted that the CCP could publish its own newspaper in Chongqing in a way that would have been impossible before the war. One might have expected the Nationalists to use the war as a justification "to extinguish . . . all political opposition," yet instead they had chosen to "muddle along." Johnson further thought that the influence of competing cliques inside the Nationalist Party had been overstated. Chiang Kai-shek, by contrast, had "grown in stature, as he has come to be recognized as the symbol of united resistance to Japanese encroachment"; ultimately, "it is he who makes the final decisions." Johnson did agree with Carlson that Chiang's regime was hesitant to encourage a broad-based popular movement animated by anything beyond anti-Japanese feeling, though he also pointed to Nationalist cooperative programs and county-level reforms. But he rejected the idea that American support should depend on sweeping political transformation. Chiang was committed to continuing the war against Japan, and Washington should back him in that effort. In a notably farsighted passage, Johnson wrote: "It is my view that since the fall of the Manchu dynasty and the collapse of the traditional Chinese concept of government the Chinese people have been feeling their way along toward a new evolving form of government. A definitive form of government has not yet been established and may not be established for decades; it may or may not be in the form of a democracy, but it will be a type of government that will be adapted to the needs of China and its people." The tension between these two American interpretations,  Carlson's idealized belief in the Communists and Johnson's pragmatic support for Chiang was more than a minor bureaucratic dispute. It foreshadowed a debate that would dominate American foreign policy for the next decade, and would still echo when the People's Republic was proclaimed in 1949.   The disastrous experience of 1940 seemed to cast doubt on whether any future for China existed outside the Japanese Empire. As 1941 wore on, another dreadful event shook the exhausted wartime capital. On June 5, Chongqing endured roughly five hours of bombing, driving the population into air-raid shelters. In one tunnel in the Shibati district, the conditions were even worse than usual. The large shelter was supposed to have lights and electric fans, but the generators had never been connected. Inside, the air was dark, hot, and suffocating. Around ten that evening, people began emerging from the tunnel when rumors spread that the Japanese were returning with poison-gas bombs. Air-raid wardens forced people back inside, even as others were still trying to come out. Bodies toppled over one another, and panic spread as people realized they could not breathe. Over the next few hours, hundreds died underground in the darkness. The exact number was never definitively established: the official figure was 461, though a contemporary police report placed it far higher, at 1,527. What rescuers remembered most vividly were the tortured expressions of the dead, people tangled together in each other's arms as they lost consciousness, clothing ripped to shreds by desperate hands clawing at one another, and bodies so drenched in sweat that they looked as though they had been soaked in water. One survivor, Tang Zhengchang, remembered a hand reaching out from a pile of corpses and pleading, "Sir, please help me . . ." The grip on Tang's shorts was so tight that it pulled them off; he escaped the tunnel naked from the waist down. Official descriptions of the disaster were softened. Even so, the tragedy deepened the city's gloom and in a place already saturated with grief, an added layer of darkness mattered a great deal.   Yet events elsewhere would soon offer the National Government a narrow margin of hope. Late in 1940, Franklin D. Roosevelt won re-election as president of the United States. "I am not going to send your boys into any foreign wars," he had proclaimed during the campaign against Wendell Willkie. But Roosevelt and Secretary of State Cordell Hull both understood that Nazi domination of Europe posed a grave challenge to American influence there. And with China's "Open Door" to trade effectively shut by Japanese occupation, it was becoming increasingly clear that strict neutrality might not remain viable. In a 1941 report on China's domestic and foreign situation, Ambassador Johnson noted that during Germany's sweeping victories across Europe in mid-1940, the Chinese had become anxious about whether the Allies would remain committed to their cause. Britain's refusal to surrender, however, together with continuing Soviet goodwill, lifted public morale in China. People now looked toward the United States and Britain for support and felt that "victory" was "virtually theirs."   Then, on June 22, 1941, the world awoke to news that roughly three million German soldiers were advancing into the Soviet Union. Operation Barbarossa, Hitler's invasion of the USSR, dramatically overturned the nonaggression that had governed relations between the two major European dictatorships for the previous two years. It transformed the war in Europe entirely. Less obviously, it also transformed the war in Asia. Thanks to intelligence leaks, Chiang Kai-shek had already realized that war between Germany and the USSR was likely. After the neutrality treaty between the USSR and Japan was signed on April 13, 1941, Chiang predicted that the United States would be drawn into the Asian war, and even that Japan might eventually reverse course and strike the Soviet Union. If that happened, China would become the critical Asian ally of both Washington and Moscow. Stalin had been caught off guard by the German assault — largely because he ignored increasingly urgent warnings from senior colleagues receiving intelligence from well-placed spies in Germany and the Comintern, eager to preserve its alliances, now pressed the Chinese Communists to cooperate more closely with the Nationalists. On June 23, 1941, the CCP Central Committee responded with a declaration that it would "persevere in the Anti-Japanese United Front, persevere in Nationalist-Communist cooperation," and would align itself with the British, the Americans, and others resisting the "fascist rulers" of the Axis.   In Chongqing and Yan'an, the German attack on the Soviet Union was interpreted as a hopeful sign that Japan's fortunes might be beginning to turn. In Nanjing, the reaction was different. On June 22, Zhou Fohai recorded in his diary that, although the outcome "cannot be predicted," members of the Nanjing regime "all believe Germany will win and will take Moscow within two months." Zhou speculated that Japan could not easily reconcile its neutrality treaty with the USSR and its membership in the Anti-Comintern Pact, which was supposed to unite the Axis against Soviet expansionism. Still, because Germany had struck first, Japan was under no formal obligation to help. Zhou also continued to view events through a lens he had never abandoned: that of Chinese nationalism. "If Chongqing joins the Allies and they win," he wrote, "then this is good for China." If they lost, it would be disastrous for Chiang Kai-shek; but because Wang Jingwei had established a government in Nanjing under Japanese sponsorship, China now had "a foot in both boats." It was a ruthless calculation, but not a wholly dishonorable one. Zhou was not merely advancing Japanese interests. He was hedging, wagering on multiple futures in the name of a China he believed would endure beyond whatever constellation of powers happened to dominate at the moment. Whether posterity would judge that conduct prudent or collaborative was a question he could neither settle nor live to see resolved to his satisfaction.   The summer of 1941 marked a major geopolitical turning point in the war. Until then, the conflicts in China and Europe had remained separate, if desperate, struggles on the Eurasian continent. Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union now forced Japan to decide whether it too would enter war against the USSR. Debate in Tokyo was brief. Although some officials, including Foreign Minister Matsuoka, favored striking north before moving south, both the Kwantung Army and the Navy advised against helping Germany at least until Germany had succeeded in drawing substantial Soviet forces away from Siberia and into Europe. Konoye, once again prime minister, agreed. With the northern option set aside, Japanese leaders turned toward another great power instead: the United States. Japan's failure to gain further decisive momentum in China had fueled demands for broader regional expansion, especially into Southeast Asia, with its abundant oil, rubber, and other strategic resources. From 1940 onward, measures such as the pressure to close the Burma Road made it increasingly obvious that Tokyo had adopted a more aggressive posture in Asia. Unable to subdue China, Japanese policymakers chose instead to escalate the conflict still further.   Japanese political life had become ever more dominated by the unresolved war in China. As early as 1938, military expenditures consumed about 70 percent of the national budget, and that same year a National Mobilization Bill granted the government "total war control" over the zaibatsu, Japan's major industrial conglomerates. By 1940, the New Order was making itself felt throughout everyday life, with campaigns against luxury and extravagant consumption taking on new prominence. In February 1940, a parliamentarian was expelled from the Diet simply for daring to criticize the "holy war" in China. In such an atmosphere, retreat from imperial ambitions became increasingly unthinkable. That figure, 70 percent of the national budget devoted to the military is worth dwelling on, because it reveals something essential about the trap in which Japanese strategists had placed themselves. The war in China had not been won, yet abandoning it would have meant admitting a failure so severe that it would have shaken the ideological and institutional foundations of military supremacy in Japanese politics. The only apparent ways out required pushing further in: more conquest, more extraction, more expansion. The logic was brutally clear, and profoundly destructive.   The Roosevelt administration watched these developments with growing alarm. Though still formally neutral, the United States was already using Lend-Lease to provide major assistance to Britain and the Soviet Union in their struggles against Germany. It now expanded aid to China as well. On February 10, Roosevelt's representative Lauchlin Currie visited Chongqing to inform Chiang Kai-shek that the United States would soon provide $45 million in military equipment. General John Magruder, head of the small AMMISCA mission,  the American Military Mission in China had been sent to Chongqing in September 1941, as part of quiet preparation for possible Chinese entry into an alliance against Japan. The China branch of the OSS, precursor to the CIA, was led by General William "Wild Bill" Donovan, whom Roosevelt had dispatched to China in early 1941.   The Americans repeatedly tried to discourage Japan from moving south into Southeast Asia, but relations only grew more confrontational. Japan occupied the southern part of French Indochina, and in response the United States imposed an oil embargo in July 1941. The consequences were immense. Japan imported around 80 percent of its oil from the United States. Without that supply, its navy, the essential instrument for southern expansion  had reserves for perhaps eighteen months. The real question facing Tokyo, then, was not whether it must act, but how soon. Unable any longer to resist mounting military pressure for war, Konoye resigned on October 16 and was replaced as premier by General Tōjō Hideki. Tokyo accelerated its preparations for conflict with the Western powers. Planned targets included Singapore, Hong Kong, Malaya, the Netherlands East Indies, and the Philippines. I should note, if you want to learn about all of this history in more detail, you can go check out the pacific war channel on youtube. I have a chronological series that is just now talking about events like the Japanese invasion of french indochina and the road to pearl harbor.   Throughout the autumn of 1941, increasingly desperate negotiations took place between Japan and the United States. Washington insisted that Japan withdraw from China; Tokyo was equally firm that it would do no such thing. From the Japanese point of view, the demand to leave China was not a serious negotiating position but a demand for national humiliation a call to repudiate four years of war, vast casualties, and the ideological basis of Japanese militarism in a single diplomatic act. In the end, the gulf between the two positions could not be bridged.   While civilian and military leaders in Tokyo argued over the pace at which they should move toward war, few among Japan's rulers doubted that war was coming. At the imperial conference of November 5, it was formally agreed that if no satisfactory diplomatic solution had been reached by December 1, war would follow soon after. Talks in Washington between Ambassador Nomura Kichisaburō, diplomat Kurusu Saburō, and Secretary of State Cordell Hull led nowhere. On November 26, Hull delivered a note repeating the American position that Japan must withdraw from both China and Indochina. On December 1, the imperial conference resolved to go to war; the following day, the date of attack was fixed as December 8, December 7 by American time. In one sense, this was the culmination toward which the entire previous decade had been moving. The war in China had started as a localized conflict, then expanded into a continental one, and was now about to become something larger still: a truly global war, stretching from the North Atlantic to the western Pacific. China's long, lonely resistance would suddenly gain new dimensions and new allies,  though not the ones Chiang had spent four years trying to cultivate, and not under circumstances he would have chosen.   In the early morning of December 7, 1941, the US Pacific Fleet lay anchored at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii, its sailors and officers still largely asleep as dawn crept across the Pacific. The attack did not come without warning signs,  American and Japanese diplomats had been locked in increasingly desperate negotiations throughout the autumn, each side hardening its position until no room remained to maneuver. Washington had demanded that Japan withdraw from China, a condition Tokyo viewed not as a serious opening offer but as a demand for national humiliation: a call to repudiate four years of brutal war, hundreds of thousands of casualties, and the entire ideological foundation upon which Japanese militarism rested. No agreement was possible on those terms, and both sides privately knew it.   The strike force assembled in secret was formidable. Six aircraft carriers,  the Akagi, Kaga, Sōryū, Hiryū, Shōkaku, and Zuikaku had sailed under strict radio silence across the North Pacific, launching their aircraft in two successive waves before the American base had any meaningful chance to respond. The first wave of approximately 183 planes swept in just before 8 a.m., targeting the rows of battleships moored along Battleship Row and the military airfields at Wheeler, Hickam, and Ford Island simultaneously, ensuring that American aircraft could not scramble in time to mount an effective defense. A second wave of roughly 170 planes followed less than an hour later, pressing the attack on damaged ships and harbor installations.   The destruction was staggering. The battleship Arizona suffered a catastrophic magazine explosion after a armor-piercing bomb penetrated her forward decks, killing nearly 1,177 of her crew in minutes, almost half of the total American dead from the entire attack. The Oklahoma capsized after being struck by multiple torpedoes. The West Virginia and California sank at their moorings. In total, seventeen vessels were damaged or destroyed, and the vast majority of military aircraft at the nearby airfields were caught on the ground and obliterated before they could take flight. Around 2,400 Americans were killed and another 1,100 wounded, making it the deadliest single attack on American soil or territory in the nation's history to that point.   Yet the attack was not a complete strategic success for Japan. The US Pacific Fleet's aircraft carriers, the vessels that would ultimately decide the naval war in the Pacific happened to be at sea that morning and escaped unharmed. The harbor's fuel storage and repair facilities were also left largely intact, allowing the fleet to reconstitute faster than Japanese planners had anticipated. What Japan achieved in tactical devastation, it partly squandered in strategic miscalculation. The attack ended American neutrality instantly and irrevocably. The following day, President Roosevelt addressed Congress, calling December 7 "a date which will live in infamy," and within hours the United States declared war on Japan. For China, after more than four years of fighting alone, the blow that devastated Pearl Harbor paradoxically carried a thread of desperate hope at last, the great power Chiang Kai-shek had spent years trying to draw into the conflict had arrived, not under circumstances he would have chosen, but arrived nonetheless. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. After years of fighting, China's situation darkened in 1941 with intense bombing of Chongqing and fears of poison-gas attacks. Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union in June shifted alliances and pressured Japan toward wider war. Japan escalated plans for Southeast Asia, suffered an oil embargo, and negotiations with the United States broke down over withdrawing from China and Indochina. Then the Pearl Harbor attack began the Pacific War.

This is a free preview of a paid episode. To hear more, please visit our Patreon. Ben Lindbergh and Meg Rowley banter about the long-in-the-making major league debut of gravity-defying, strikeout-celebrating reliever Jefry Yan, Steven Kwan’s resurgence, a lineup with lots of Juniors, a scooter celebration, a double FARTBAT, Luis Arraez abandoning home plate, MLB players’ low-stakes conspiracies, a head-to-head MVP battle, the Mets’ Francisco Lindor–Juan Soto drama, the A’s firing David Forst, a pitcher plate appearance, and more. Then (1:02:46) Ben brings on YouTubers Noah Campbell (aka SOFTDRINKTV) and Taylor McNelis (aka WildLion Games) to discuss the decline in the quantity and quality of sports video games, how well baseball lends itself to gaming, the golden age of baseball video games, and whether a few new challengers might endanger MLB The Show’s dominance. Audio intro: Benny and a Million Shetland Ponies, “Effectively Wild Theme (Pedantic)” Audio interstitial: The Gagnés, “Effectively Wild Theme” Audio outro: Philip Bergman, “Effectively Wild Theme” Link to Reddit post on Yan Link to first Yan episode Link to second Yan episode Link to Yan debut story Link to Yan debut video Link to Yan leap on single Link to Guardians’ Yan mockery Link to MLBTR on Brebbia Link to Brebbia’s second EW appearance Link to previous Kwan chat Link to Kwan leaderboard Link to Kwan pillow quote Link to sports nepo babies article Link to article on baseball nepo babies Link to Ryan HoF page Link to Giants scooter celly Link to Arraez abandonment Link to @ScoringChanges explanation Link to Marlins misplay Link to EW Episode 500 Link to PCA comments Link to Saucedo comments Link to Ottavino comments Link to PCA vs. Ohtani game Link to Peralta/Lindor/Soto report Link to 2025 Yankees bullpen blowup Link to Lindor/McNeil article Link to MLBTR on Forst Link to Mikolas PA article Link to Nusbaum tweet Link to Button Mash Link to The Ringer-Verse Link to SOFTDRINKTV on YouTube Link to WildLion Games on YouTube Link to Paine on sports games 1 Link to Paine on sports games 2 Link to Jabroni Baseball video Link to EA buyout Link to EA layoffs report Link to EA layoffs report Link to College Football microtransactions Link to Ben on MVP Baseball 2005 Link to Noah on MVP Baseball 2005 Link to Super Mega Baseball 4 article Link to Metalhead on EW 1 Link to Metalhead on EW 2 Link to Taylor on SMB4 roster updates Link to Taylor’s SMB4 review Link to Zach Kram on Backyard Baseball Link to Backyard Baseball comeback article Link to Backyard Baseball wiki Link to Taylor’s Backyard Baseball review Link to Noah on MLB Power Pros Link to Indoor Baseball Link to Noah on Indoor Baseball Link to Noah on MVP 06: NCAA Baseball Link to Noah’s MLB The Show 26 review Link to Taylor’s MLB The Show 26 review Link to Power Pros wiki Link to Professional Baseball Spirits wiki Link to article about eBaseball Pro Spirit 2026 Link to Noah on eBaseball: PRO SPIRIT Link to eBaseball: PRO SPIRIT 2026 on PS5 Link to Noah on eBaseball: PRO SPIRIT 2026 news Link to Noah’s eBaseball: PRO SPIRIT 2026 review Link to Taylor’s eBaseball: PRO SPIRIT 2026 review Sponsor Us on Patreon Give a Gift Subscription Email Us: podcast@fangraphs.com Effectively Wild Subreddit Effectively Wild Wiki Apple Podcasts Feed Spotify Feed YouTube Playlist Facebook Group Bluesky Account Twitter Account Get Our Merch! var SERVER_DATA = Object.assign(SERVER_DATA || {}); Source

Jefry Yan's leaping strikeout celebration has instantly made him the most polarizing player on the Mets. Evan Roberts enjoys Yan's enthusiasm but fears his antics could provoke opponents, spark unnecessary fights, and put teammates in danger. Shaun Morash is in for Tiki Barber alongside Evan and argues that Yan's energy is exactly what this lifeless team needs.

Jefry Yan's explosive strikeout celebration has instantly divided Mets fans and irritated opponents. Evan Roberts loves the rookie reliever's energy but worries his constant jumping could eventually trigger retaliation, put teammates in danger, or even lead to an injury. Shaun Morash is in for Tiki Barber and argues that Yan's emotion is exactly what a lifeless Mets team needs, especially after Christian Scott praised the spark he brings to the clubhouse. Evan and Shaun also debate whether the Mets should ever consider trading Francisco Lindor, why Luis Garcia Jr. could replace Jazz Chisholm at second base, and whether Spencer Jones deserves a chance over Trent Grisham. Plus, Evan reveals his five NFL win-total unders, Shaun makes an early Chiefs-Bears Super Bowl prediction, and the Jets, Browns, Buccaneers, Colts, Falcons, and Giants all come under scrutiny.

On Thursday's ENN, Quarterback on Netflix. Licht on Baker. Jaylen Brown on getting traded. Harbaugh on Dart penalty. Sadiq update. RB getting paid. Yan's debut and celebration. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Jerry worries about the Jets' QB position while Willie stays high on Aaron Glenn's defense, with both stressing the urgency of a Week 1 win over the Titans. Willie shares his hope for Geno Smith's second run in New York, then turns to the Giants as Jaxson Dart adjusts to a new offense. Before C-Lo's update, the guys react to AI Seinfeld, followed by George Lombard Jr.'s strong night in a Yankees loss, positive news on Aaron Judge, and the Red Sox closing the standings gap. Jorge Polanco snaps his 0-26 slump with a homer, Jefry Yan refuses to tame his celebrations, and C-Lo suggests Aaron Glenn could use Willie's media training. Finally, the show honors Yan's inspiring road to the majors—though Willie cautions against celebrating when down big.

The Zizhi Revolt in 314 BC upended Warring States politics and led to the rise to power of King Zhao of Yan.Support the show

Guy Swan on learning the wrong lessons. The takeaway circulating is "go with the biggest company," which forgets Mt. Gox and FTX and everything else proving size is not safety. His analogy: when a libertarian politician betrays you, libertarianism didn't break, you got scammed. He wants a rule that works forward. His sharpest point: "I don't want a rule that only works in hindsight." Anyone can now point at the source-available license. The useful question is what indicator predicts the next failure before it happens. His own heuristic broke in both directions. He had trained himself not to dismiss builders for being abrasive, and now concludes that for security specifically, a maintainer who attacks people reporting problems is telling you something. Yan Pritzker paired it with the engineering version: without a culture of safety, people stop surfacing mistakes. James O'Beirne's tripwires. He seeded wallets on-chain carrying graduated entropy over broken Coldcard seeds, five dice rolls, ten, fifteen, one and two-word passphrases, as bait. The bare seed was swept within an hour and nothing else has moved, mapping attacker capability live. The red team's numbers. Rob Hamilton and Calle have scanned over 300 repos and spent roughly $40,000 on tokens in two days, finding critical vulnerabilities at about one per person per hour. OpenSats is now funding most of that budget. Every company needs an agentic security pipeline. Yan's argument: agents are non-deterministic, so one scan proves nothing. The real work is harnesses that find, test, distill and reproduce on a loop. Swan has been building this for six to twelve months. The asymmetry is the whole problem. Attackers need one vulnerability, defenders need all of them, and the economics favor the attacker. Some have been paying up to 90% of stolen funds in fees to get transactions mined quickly. A fake Coldcard desktop app is circulating. No such application has ever existed. Trezor reported a phishing spike since disclosure, and a counterfeit Wasabi wallet reached an app store. Nobody legitimate asks for recovery words, and unsolicited migration instructions are always hostile. Yan's read on whether this repeats. He calls the bug exotic: entropy wasn't weak, it was switched off entirely. Scans across the popular hardware wallets show correct and consistent entropy use, so he thinks this specific failure is unlikely to recur elsewhere. Government overreach, the other half of the show. Suz on Liechtenstein's beneficial ownership register, roughly 31,000 entities, built in 2021 for EU anti-money-laundering compliance and now breached and offline. Yan on the Bank Secrecy Act's 1970 threshold, never inflation-adjusted, capturing dramatically more data for near-zero measured effect.

In this special edition, guest Yan Shoshitaishvili, Associate Professor, University of Arizona, joins host ⁠Dave Bittner⁠ to share a preview of his Black Hat USA 2026 keynote "Vulnerability Research in the Agentic Age." Join Yan and Dave to hear insights on the evolution of vulnerability research, the impact of AI and LLMs on cybersecurity, and the future of human expertise in the field. If you are heading to Black Hat, check out Yan's session on Thursday, August 6 at 9:15 AM.

Anthropic says Claude escaped the sandbox three times, while a judge questions the Pentagon's blacklist. The EU launches an AI enforcement team, the FTC targets a telehealth firm's tracking pixels, and a WordPress backdoor is stopped just in time. CareCloud discloses a major data breach, a stealthy cryptominer hides in plain sight, AiTM phishing surges against law firms, and Finland severs one more digital link to Russia. Our guest is Yan Shoshitaishvili, Associate Professor, Arizona State University, previewing his Black Hat 2026 keynote "Vulnerability Research in the Agentic Age." AI scammers may deserve a promotion. Remember to leave us a 5-star rating and review in your favorite podcast app. Miss an episode? Sign-up for our daily intelligence roundup, Daily Briefing, and you'll never miss a beat. And be sure to follow CyberWire Daily on LinkedIn. CyberWire Guest Today we are joined by Yan Shoshitaishvili, Associate Professor, Arizona State University, discussing his Black Hat 2026 keynote "Vulnerability Research in the Agentic Age." Be sure to tune in this Sunday for a special edition featuring our full, extended interview with Yan. Selected Reading Anthropic AI Models Hacked Three Organizations During Tests (Bloomberg) Anthropic, Pentagon Clash Over First Amendment Claims (GovInfo Security) EU to Crack Down on AI Deepfakes, Illicit Imagery and Hacking With New Team in Brussels (SecurityWeek) FTC sues Hims & Hers for allegedly sharing patients' medical data with advertisers Meta and Snap (TechCrunch) Wordfence Finds Critical Backdoor in ARVE WordPress Plugin (Hackread) CareCloud Data Breach Impacts Over 350,000 (SecurityWeek) Cryptominer Abuses Linux PAM to Hide From SOC Analysts (Infosecurity Magazine) AiTM Phishing Becomes Top Initial Access Threat to Law Firms (Infosecurity Magazine) Finland to disconnect fiber-optic link to Russia as lease expires (The Record) AI Scammers Are Better at Building Trust Than Humans (WIRED) Share your feedback. What do you think about CyberWire Daily? Please take a few minutes to share your thoughts with us by completing our brief listener survey. Thank you for helping us continue to improve our show. Want to hear your company in the show? N2K CyberWire helps you reach the industry's most influential leaders and operators, while building visibility, authority, and connectivity across the cybersecurity community. Learn more at sponsor.thecyberwire.com. The CyberWire is a production of N2K Networks, your source for strategic workforce intelligence. © N2K Networks, Inc.

The event. A firmware flaw in Coldcard seed generation, disclosed the night before, let an attacker recompute private keys outright. By airtime, 594 Bitcoin, put at roughly $38 million on the show, had been swept from about 500 wallets. The mechanism. Yan Pritzker and Swan engineer Steve: the device's true random number generator was present and working, but a March 2021 library change meant the firmware silently stopped using it, falling back to software randomness seeded from device ID and clock. Why five years passed. The code looked correctly wired, the failure hinged on a build-time variable, and the output still looked random. Zach Herbert of Foundation said a researcher flagged something adjacent in 2022 without unraveling it. Who is exposed. Only seeds the Coldcard generated itself. Imported seeds are safe, dice rolls are safe, a long passphrase saved people. MK3 is worst hit. MK4, MK5 and Q sit near 72 bits, costly to attack but not impossible. Updating firmware does not fix it. Coinkite patched, including MK3, but the vulnerable seed is the problem, not the device. You must generate a new seed and move funds. The dice function was never affected and has now been audited. Multisig is not automatically safe. If most keys came from affected devices, an attacker can try permutations, and spending publishes your public keys and invites an RBF race. Wicked pointed people to Portland.HODL for private broadcast through Slipstream. The attacker looks unsophisticated. The sweep ran roughly 25 minutes into a handful of addresses, stopped at shallow address gaps, and queried a public node instead of running one. Block researchers identified that service, so there may be a lead. The industry reckoning. American HODL called it a Paul Revere moment and demanded podcasters and former sponsors broadcast immediately. Reardon argued the industry spent three years arguing over the wrong priorities and got caught by an entropy bug. Self-custody versus diversification. Wicked held that multi-vendor multisig with your own entropy beats any custodian. Joe Carlasare countered that every system rests on assumptions that eventually fail. Yan declined to preach one model, calling self-custody still very early. Swan's status and the scam wave. Yan confirmed Swan Vault is built on Blockstream Jade and unaffected, and reported an influx of deposits. He flagged a devious scam variant where attackers send you working seed words and ask you to deposit into them.

"It's a state of mind. I am choosing to live with joy." Dr. Karna Chana Fox is an educator, speaker, and director of an early childhood center. When she's not wrangling tiny humans, supporting families, or teaching future educators, you'll probably find her out on the trails training for an ultramarathon, drinking great coffee made by her husband, Yan, or at home with their beautifully busy blended family of six children, five of whom still live at home. A breast cancer survivor, Karna is passionate about honest conversations on resilience, simcha/joy, the courage to ask for help, and the life-changing power of community and belonging. In this episode Karna chats with Luis about her first Born to Run experience, her running, marring the wrong person, her dealings with breast cancer, working on her doctorate, and the state of education. Support Road Dog Podcast by: 1. Joining the Patreon Community: https://www.patreon.com/roaddogpodcast 2. Subscribe to the podcast on whatever platform you listen on. 3. Get exclusive RDP merch here: https://roaddogpodcast-shop.fourthwall.com/ GO SLEEVES: https://gokinesiologysleeves.com HAMMER NUTRITION show code: Roaddoghn20 Listeners get a special 15% off at https://www.hammernutrition.com DRYMAX show code: Roaddog2020  Listeners get a special 15% off at https://www.drymaxsports.com/products/ LUNA SANDALS "Whether I'm hitting the trails or just hanging out, LUNA Sandals are my favorite. They're designed by Barefoot Ted of Born to Run and made for every adventure—ultra running, hiking, or just kicking back. Its minimalist footwear that's good for your feet!" Check them out and get 15% off at lunasandals.com/allwedoisrun. Allwedoisrun.com Dr. Karna Chana Fox Contact Info: IG: @trailrumspringa Luis Escobar (Host) Contact: luis@roaddogpodcast.com Luis Instagram Kevin Lyons (Producer) Contact: kevin@roaddogpodcast.com yesandvideo.com Music: Slow Burn by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Original RDP Photo: Photography by Kaori Peters kaoriphoto.com Road Dog Podcast Adventure with Luis Escobar www.roaddogpodcast.com

Last time we spoke about the battle for Dayun Mountain. Chinese forces  under Xue Yue, believed they were encircling an exposed Japanese regiment. Acting on that assumption, Chinese units concentrated attacks to crush the "trapped " force, hoping to annihilate an elite enemy formation. Their pressure briefly seemed to succeed: on the 13th–14th, Chinese assaults compressed the Japanese positions to a small area, and individual fighting around ambush and prepared defenses produced moments where "victory appeared close." But the Chinese command misunderstood the target. The Japanese had layered deception: Dayun Mountain was held to draw attention, then replaced at night with another unit to maintain the appearance of continued occupation. Despite heavy fighting, the Dayun Mountain battle ends in stalemate by Sept. 17, and Chinese attention turns back to the primary offensive around Changsha.   #210 The Miluo River Catastrophe Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. On the morning of September 17, 1941, General Xue Yue, commander of the Ninth War Zone, sat at his desk at the headquarters on Changsha's Yuelu Mountain and fell into deep thought. Spread before him were a series of intelligence telegrams dispatched by the reconnaissance teams of his war zone and by General Yang Sen, commander of the 27th Army Group operating to the north. What they described was unambiguous and alarming. Along the north bank of the Xinqiang River, stretching westward from Yueyang, reconnaissance had identified a massive Japanese build-up: the 3rd, 4th, 6th, and 40th Divisions of the Japanese 11th Army, along with five additional detachments, had taken up positions facing the river. On the afternoon of September 16th, General Kanda, commander of the Japanese 6th Division, had personally toured the north bank accompanied by a retinue of staff officers, training his binoculars across the river for a long and deliberate survey of the Chinese defensive positions on the southern bank. Perhaps most conclusively, Chinese operatives working behind enemy lines had tapped Japanese military telephone lines and intercepted a direct communication from the 11th Army to all of its divisions, ordering them to prepare for an attack on September 18th. On any reasonable reading, the evidence pointed in one direction: a massive Japanese offensive was imminent. Yet Xue Yue, one of China's most celebrated wartime commanders and a man renowned for the tenacity with which he had defended Changsha, arrived at a different conclusion. He had been studying the record of 11th Army Commander Korechika Anami and came away convinced that Anami was a general who habitually used a mix of truth and deception in his operations—a man for whom the most obvious sign was precisely the most suspicious one. The scale of the preparations, their openness, the conspicuous presence of senior officers on the riverbank—all of it struck Xue Yue as too theatrical to be real. He concluded that Anami was feigning a frontal attack on the Xinqiang River in order to draw the main force of the war zone forward, leaving the flanks exposed for a surprise breakthrough elsewhere. Once this interpretation took hold in Xue Yue's mind, it became immovable. No subordinate could dislodge it. When intelligence reports then confirmed that the Japanese had transported the equipment for building pontoon bridges to the very banks of the Xinqiang River—a detail that left virtually no room for doubt about what was being planned—Xue Yue remained unmoved. He told his chief of staff with quiet certainty: "No rush. Let's see tomorrow." He was unaware that he had already lost his tomorrow. At dawn on September 18th, after 11th Army Commander Korechika Anami presided over the routine silent prayer ceremony that opened each day of active operations, he drew his gleaming ceremonial sword and pointed it towards northern Hunan. The battle had begun. On the Chinese side of the Xinqiang River, the first indication that this was no ordinary morning came from the sky. Air raids were a familiar occurrence along the front; the veterans of the 4th Army had grown accustomed to Japanese bombing runs. But this time was different. The number of bombs was greater, the density higher, and the bombs themselves heavier than anything the soldiers on the south bank had experienced before. Two successive waves of air attack struck the fortifications with crushing force, destroying positions that had taken months to construct. Then came the infantry. At Xiaotang, Siliufang, Tongxi Bridge, Shanmu Bridge, and a string of other crossing points along the river, dozens of tanks led the assault, pushing forward with unstoppable momentum, their treads churning up the riverbank mud as the infantry followed closely behind, advancing through fire, forcing their way across the water. On the not-so-wide front in Xiangbei, four Japanese divisions had lined up side by side—like four ferocious beasts pouncing forward simultaneously. Even the veteran soldiers of the defending Chinese forces, men who had been fighting the Japanese for years, had rarely seen such a terrifying formation. The troops defending the Xinqiang River were the 4th Army under Ou Zhen, one of the most distinguished units in the Nationalist order of battle. The 4th Army had earned the reputation of "Iron Army" during the Northern Expedition, where it had demonstrated a ferocious capacity for breaching fortified positions and defending strategic points under fire, and it had fought many of the major battles of the War of Resistance. In theory, the army consisted of four divisions: Zhang Deneng's 59th Division, Chen Kan's 90th Division, Bai Huizhang's 102nd Division, and the 60th Division, which had recently been transferred to the army's command. In practice, however, by September 18th the Iron Army had been hollowed out. During the concurrent Battle of Dayun Mountain, the Ninth War Zone and the 27th Army Group had stripped away most of the 59th and 102nd Divisions to commit them elsewhere, while the 60th Division had followed the army group as a reserve force. What remained at the Xinqiang River was the 90th Division and only a remnant of the 102nd—a fragment of what had once been a formidable fighting force. Xue Yue had planned for the first-line position to hold for three days. It held for two hours. Against a Japanese force that outnumbered the defenders several times over and enjoyed an absolute advantage in artillery and air power, the position could not stand. In just two hours, the Japanese broke through the 102nd Division's defensive line and then swung their forces around to encircle the 90th Division. With no remaining options, Xue Yue ordered both units to retreat to the second line of defense. The Xinqiang River had fallen.  The crisis at the Xinqiang River was compounded by the predicament of Yang Sen, commander-in-chief of the 27th Army Group, who should have been the force most capable of responding to the breakthrough. Instead, Yang Sen found himself trapped far to the east, bogged down in a battle on Dayun Mountain from which he could not extract himself. The situation on Dayun Mountain was one of those military embarrassments that seem almost unbelievable in retrospect. Yang Sen had committed five full divisions to encircle what was supposed to be a single regiment—the 234th Regiment of the Japanese 40th Division, which had dug into the deep mountain. What followed was a sustained humiliation. Two divisions were ground down until their combined fighting strength equalled that of one. Another division was reduced to a regimental shadow of itself. Yang Sen, who had first served in the army in 1906 and had seen virtually every variety of military difficulty in three and a half decades of Chinese warfare, said afterwards that he had rarely experienced such deception. The Shigematsu Regiment, ensconced in the mountains and dense forest, had proved maddeningly resilient. Yang Sen had committed his forces expecting a quick resolution—finish the battle on Dayun Mountain, then redeploy to defend the Xinqiang River—but the regiment would not be finished. He could not advance and he could not retreat. Just as he was preparing to intensify the assault for another day or two, certain that the enemy must finally be near collapse, the news arrived on the morning of September 18th that the Japanese had launched their general offensive across northern Hunan. By nine o'clock that morning, the Xinqiang River's first line of defense was already gone. Yang Sen immediately ordered the abandonment of the Dayun Mountain operation and commanded all divisions to redeploy back towards the Xinqiang River. But the Japanese had moved too fast. Between the first and second lines of Chinese defense there were only scattered guard units; the main force was simply not in place. The second-line troops, moreover, had been configured according to the defensive setup used during the First Battle of Changsha and were wholly unsuited to withstand such a massive, concentrated enemy thrust. The defending forces were too weak and too thinly spread to mount any gradual, coordinated resistance. The Japanese advanced through the gap as if they were in an empty field. The five divisions of the 58th Army and the 4th Army now found themselves in a desperate race against the Japanese, studying maps as they marched, trying to reach blocking positions before the enemy could. No matter what they did, they could not outrun the 11th Army. It was not merely the front-line units of the 4th Army that were endangered by the speed of the Japanese advance. Even the army headquarters itself, positioned forward in the proud tradition of the Iron Army, found itself running for its life. Army Commander Ou Zhen had been directing the battle from his headquarters in a small village called Lintang, located on the south bank of the Xinqiang River—a mere twenty kilometers behind the front line. The proximity was deliberate and characteristic of the Iron Army's ethos, a visible declaration that its commander would live or die alongside his men. On this day, it nearly proved fatal. Among those at the headquarters was Li Rupin, a native of Jing County in Anhui Province, who served as a sergeant squad leader in the 2nd Company of the 4th Army's Guard Battalion. Years later, reflecting on the events of that day, Li said without hesitation that of all his eight years fighting in the War of Resistance against Japan, that one battle was the most humiliating he had ever experienced. "The army headquarters was located in a small village called Lintang, south of the Xinqiang River, only about 20 kilometers away from the front lines," Li recalled. "The army headquarters was located in the front, which was a tradition of the 'Iron Army' to show that the commander was not afraid of danger and would live and die with his brothers. In that battle, we did not expect the enemy to break through the position so quickly. Not long after the battle started, the army headquarters had to move. Our guard battalion's task was to follow the army headquarters and serve as guards." Li described how Company Commander Chang Mingli assigned his platoon to help load the army headquarters' equipment onto trucks—huge, heavy boxes that required real effort to shift. While the loading was underway, Li caught sight of Army Commander Ou Zhen himself, speaking intently on the telephone. Li noted that Ou Zhen was ordinarily a man of few words, always seeming lost in thought, serious with the troops but not given to the kind of arbitrary reprimands that characterized lesser officers. What struck Li most vividly about the Army Commander, even in the midst of that morning's chaos, was a detail almost absurd in its incongruity: a pair of leather shoes that were always so perfectly polished they reflected light. "I heard he had studied abroad," Li added simply. Before the loading was even complete, the sound of machine gun fire erupted from the southwest of the village. A sentry reported: enemy attack detected, number unknown. Company Commander Chang, still pulling on his leggings, turned to Li and said without breaking stride: "Quickly take your squad and follow the deputy company commander. You must keep the enemy out of the village." Li took evident pride in the character of the guard battalion, comparing it unfavorably to what he saw in later years. "I see that nowadays, officers choose bodyguards who are fair-skinned and delicate, like little girls. I don't know why," he reflected. "Back then, our guard battalion, including the commander's personal bodyguards, were all big, dark-skinned men. Our squad of 12 men were all broad-shouldered and thick-waisted, and carrying a machine gun was like an ordinary person carrying a rifle." The squad carried three light machine guns, and each soldier also carried a pistol. They drilled constantly on marksmanship and physical conditioning. In the tradition of the unit, a guard soldier was expected to be able to carry his officer for dozens of miles without slowing and without fear of death. Li led his squad to the southwest corner of the village, where the 1st Company of the guard battalion was already engaged with the Japanese in a cemetery just outside the village boundary. The 1st Company commander had just descended from a rooftop when Deputy Company Commander Yan arrived and assessed the situation. "There are about 100 enemy soldiers in this direction," the 1st Company commander reported. "I don't know if there are any more in other directions." Yan replied without hesitation: "I'll take my four squads to outflank them and find out what's going on with the enemy. If it's a good opportunity, we'll wipe them out." He asked and received permission from the deputy battalion commander, who transferred three additional machine guns from the 1st Company to Yan's force. The squad slipped around to the south of the village, entered a nursery grove, and began working their way southwest to flank the enemy. "Before we even emerged from the woods, enemy machine guns opened fire," Li recalled. "The nursery grove was planted too densely, so it was inevitable that we'd bump into tree branches. We crept forward, keeping close to the ground, when the deputy company commander gave the order: 'Prepare grenades.'" Li looked back and saw that all his men had kept pace. Then Deputy Company Commander Yan's voice rang out clearly: "Charge!" He burst out of the woods at the head of the column. "Deputy Company Commander Yan is a graduate of the Whampoa Military Academy," Li said. "People say that Whampoa graduates are always at the forefront of battle. Others may not know, but several of us in our battalion are like that." The charge was furious and caught the enemy entirely off guard. "We shouted 'Charge! Kill!' and followed the deputy company commander out of the grove," Li recounted. "The enemy was about 40 or 50 meters ahead. Hearing the shouts, they hurriedly turned their guns to fire at us, but it was too late! We threw out our grenades, lay down, and fired back at the enemy. At this moment, the 1st Company also charged out of the village. The enemy could not stop them and retreated in droves. Looking around, there were no fewer than 200 of them. The enemy suffered a loss and left behind more than a dozen dead bodies." The 2nd Company did not pursue. Led by Deputy Company Commander Yan, they withdrew back to the village, where the deputy battalion commander stood at the crossroads and praised the 2nd Company for their fighting before immediately ordering them to follow the army headquarters and relocate. Li had barely grabbed his backpack and tied it to his body before gunfire erupted again outside the village. The Japanese had returned. Two battalions of the army reserve moved up to engage them, and the army's trucks and cars poured out of the village and accelerated south along the road. The guard battalion ran after them on foot. In less than half an hour, the enemy caught up. There were cavalrymen and a large truck packed with infantry. Li registered the significance of this with something close to shock: "It seems that the Xinqiang River has really been lost to the enemy, otherwise how could cars still drive across?" The battalion commander—whose surname, Li noted with dry humor, was the same as the Generalissimo's—ordered the 2nd Company under the deputy battalion commander to form a rear guard. They had one artillery platoon and two mortars between them. There was no time to prepare fortifications; the soldiers scattered on both sides of the road and found their own firing positions as best they could. When Li looked back south, the army headquarters was already a distant speck on the road. "The enemy was getting closer and closer," he recalled. "First, fifty or sixty cavalrymen charged over, brandishing swords and guns and shouting. The trucks were behind them, and we could already see two machine guns mounted on the front of the trucks." The deputy battalion commander's voice carried steadily over the noise: "Brothers, stay calm, aim carefully before you fire—we're going to slaughter a pig and drink tonight!" Nobody laughed, Li noted carefully, but nobody broke either. What followed was a running, desperate firefight. Within the range of 600 to 200 meters, the rear guard inflicted severe casualties on the advancing Japanese. Li watched soldiers toppling from their horses. One horse, shot but not immediately killed, dragged its dead rider—still entangled in the stirrups—forward at a gallop until it collapsed only a few steps from Li, the sudden impact startling him badly. The enemy dismounted from the trucks and formed attack waves, pressing the assault in shifts. The Chinese machine guns worked to suppress each wave and prevent the Japanese from closing the distance. The deputy battalion commander directed the two mortars against the densest enemy concentrations. Then one of the mortars exploded inside its own barrel, killing two gunners instantly. "I still can't figure out why," Li said years later. "The fuse of the mortar shell is on that tip, how could it explode inside the barrel?" There was no answer to be found. The two men were simply dead, and there was no time to grieve them. The rear guard repelled two enemy attacks before the deputy battalion commander ordered a withdrawal while the enemy paused to regroup. It was past two o'clock in the afternoon. "It's all just running," Li said with characteristic bluntness. "How can I not get tired? Even if I'm tired, I still have to keep running!" As they ran, Li overheard the company commander say quietly to the deputy battalion commander: "Actually, we can wipe out these enemies." The deputy battalion commander turned on him with a fierce look: "Eat it all up! Have you forgotten what we're here for again?" The exchange brought to Li's mind a memory from two years earlier, when he had first been assigned to the guard battalion. He had been transferred from the machine gun company of the 2nd Battalion, 305th Regiment of the 102nd Division at the end of 1939, appointed as deputy squad leader. Company Commander Chang had spoken to him at that time, asking why he had joined the army. "Who else would come here if not to fight the Japanese?" Li had answered. The company commander replied: "Very good, but the guard battalion's primary task is to ensure good security; that's the most important thing." The assignment had chafed at Li ever since—a natural fighter who had been a front-line machine gun squad leader, now consigned to watching other men fight. On one holiday, having drunk rather more than was wise, he had gone to the company commander and announced that he wanted to return to the 102nd Division and "mow down the Japanese with a machine gun." The company commander, who had also been drinking, chuckled and said: "Have you had enough of life? You might as well stay here and squat obediently! What do you know about life? You don't know anything! After we win, go home, get a wife, and live a good life..." Now, running south along a road contested by Japanese cavalry and infantry, with the army headquarters already out of sight ahead of him, Li perhaps understood the company commander's words in a way he had not before. The pursuit was unrelenting and grew worse before it improved. Over a hundred cavalrymen and four trucks drove after the guard unit without pause. In an attempt to split and divert the enemy, the company dispatched a platoon under Deputy Company Commander Yan himself down a different road, to lure one group of pursuers away. None of the men in that platoon returned alive. The deputy battalion commander led the remaining force in a continuing fighting retreat, engaging another Japanese contingent in a separate encounter that cost more than twenty dead and thirty wounded. Eventually the survivors managed to cross a large river, finally shaking off the pursuers, and caught up with the army headquarters at dusk. They had barely had a moment to catch their breath when night fell and they stumbled into another large Japanese force in the darkness. The 4th Army—the Iron Army, the pride of the Northern Expedition—seemed to have its commander and headquarters specifically targeted by the enemy. Driven from one position to the next throughout the day, they were eventually pushed up into the hills of Mufu Mountain and did not escape danger until the following morning. "That battle," Li Rupin concluded, "was truly humiliating." When the scale of the Japanese offensive became undeniable on the evening of September 18th, Xue Yue finally grasped the gravity of what was unfolding. It was too late to adjust his forces meaningfully; the overall numerical superiority he had enjoyed across the theater of operations had dissolved wherever the Japanese chose to strike, becoming a dangerous numerical disadvantage at each critical point. In just one day, even Yuelu Mountain—the historic height that had dominated Changsha and housed his headquarters—was no longer safe. He moved the war zone command post south to Zhuting and urgently telegraphed the Military Commission in Chongqing, requesting that Chiang Kai-shek immediately transfer troops from other war zones to provide reinforcements, warning that without them the situation would deteriorate with serious consequences for the national war effort. The telegram arrived in Chongqing, where Chiang Kai-shek and several senior military advisors sat in silence before the battle map in the Military Commission Operations Room, with the grim concentration of men watching a difficult game of chess they cannot influence. Troop movements take time. While the number of Japanese troops committed to northern Hunan was not enormous in absolute terms, they moved with unstoppable momentum. Xue Yue was requesting three to four combat corps—a mobilization from outside the Ninth War Zone that could not possibly be accomplished in the available time. Chiang Kai-shek was at a loss for what to do. He paced back and forth in the corridor adjoining the operations room. The only foreigner among the assembled staff—a blond-haired man with a prominent nose—was the Soviet military advisor Chuikov. He walked up to Chiang and fell into step beside him, pacing with him as he spoke. "Hunan and northern Hunan are in a passive position and we don't have any good solutions for the time being," Chuikov said. "Why don't we think about other things? Isn't there an ancient Chinese story called 'Besieging Wei to Rescue Zhao'?" Chuikov's specific proposal was this: if the forces of the Sixth War Zone were to attack the Japanese 13th Division at Yichang—a city in Hubei Province that had fallen to Japan in June 1940, and which was garrisoned by a division under the overall command of Anami's 11th Army—Anami Korechika would not be able to remain indifferent to the threat. Yichang was no ordinary city. It controlled the crucial choke point on the Yangtze River's waterway, and since its capture it had placed much of the river under Japanese control. More critically for the Chinese, Yichang Airport had become the closest bomber base to Chongqing, and the Japanese aircraft that harassed the wartime capital daily flew from that field. The Military Commission had long been reluctant to authorize a major attack on Yichang for these very reasons—it would not be easy to retake, and failure would be costly. But why not seize this moment? Chiang Kai-shek stopped walking, considered Chuikov's proposal, and nodded. He thanked the Soviet general for his suggestion, and the two men returned to the operations room together. Chiang instructed Chief of Staff Xu Yongchang to draft an implementation plan for combined operations: the Ninth War Zone would continue engaging the Japanese in northern Hunan, while the Sixth War Zone would simultaneously launch a counterattack against Yichang and ensure its capture. While Chongqing deliberated over the Yichang gambit, the immediate question facing the Ninth War Zone was how to organize a second line of defense following the fall of the Xinqiang River. The Japanese had also successfully landed forces on both sides of the Xiangjiang River estuary at Shangqingshan, blocking the waterway, which further constrained Chinese options. Xue Yue's solution was straightforward: he proposed deploying the 37th and 26th Armies in a line along the south bank of the Miluo River, using the river as a natural barrier to halt the Japanese advance toward Changsha. His chief of staff, Wu Yizhi, agreed without reservation and immediately instructed the operations section chief, Zhao Zili, to begin drafting the necessary orders. But Zhao Zili had been turning the strategic problem over in his mind, and he had reached a different conclusion. Zhao was a graduate of the Whampoa Military Academy's 6th class, a veteran of the Battles of Nanchang and Shanggao, and a man who had watched this war closely from his position at the center of the war zone's planning operations. At this moment he asked permission to share his thinking with his two superiors. Zhao's argument was systematic and urgent. The combined strength of the two armies—five combat divisions in total—was clearly insufficient to withstand four intact Japanese divisions in a set-piece defensive battle along the Miluo River. The 10th and 74th Armies were being summoned from elsewhere to reinforce the theater, but by Zhao's calculation they would require another four days to arrive. A static defense of the Miluo River line, therefore, would pit inadequate forces against overwhelming pressure for four days, and those forces would be destroyed long before help arrived. His alternative proposal was as follows: rather than standing and fighting at the Miluo, the two armies should conduct a deliberate fighting withdrawal—using alternating rear-guard actions and mutual cover—to fall back all the way to the south bank of the Liuyang River, in the hills immediately north of Changsha. The timing, Zhao argued, was almost providential in its precision: if the 26th and 37th Armies arrived at the Liuyang River at roughly the same moment that the 10th and 74th Armies arrived at the same position from the east, the combined force of four armies could then turn and strike the Japanese formations—which by then would have advanced more than a hundred kilometers into hostile territory with supply lines stretched thin and fighting strength degraded by continuous combat. Even if the Chinese could not completely sever the Japanese supply lines, the enemy would be exhausted, and victory under those conditions would be certain. Zhao Zili finished his presentation in one breath and waited. Xue Yue and Wu Yizhi conferred briefly. Then they decided to proceed with the original plan. Zhao Zili sighed inwardly. He got up, returned to his office, and began drafting the orders that, in his professional judgment, would lead to catastrophe. One hour later, the orders embodying Xue Yue's thinking were converted to radio waves and flew into the night sky. As some poet once asked of fate: "When the curtain rises, you don't know whether it's a comedy or a tragedy." On the morning of September 20th, in the intelligence section of the Japanese 11th Army's Special Operations headquarters, Lieutenant Colonel Hachimō rose from his seat feeling dizzy and unsteady on his feet. He had been awake for an extraordinary stretch of hours, hunched over a radio set in a state of almost superhuman concentration. He took a couple of steps before realizing he was still wearing his headset. He pulled it off, tossed it onto the radio equipment, and—holding the handrail for support—made his careful way down from the third floor to the second. Hachimō was not a professional soldier by background. Before the war, he had been a young designer at the renowned Mitsubishi Corporation. After the outbreak of hostilities, he had enlisted, taught himself the Chinese language and writing system, and dedicated himself entirely to the exacting discipline of cryptanalysis. Given the severe technological limitations of the era, what he accomplished rested on a kind of willpower and intuition that bordered on the extraordinary. His method was laborious and painstaking: he spent long hours with a headset pressed against his ear, listening to the endless stream of radio signals, detecting patterns, discerning differences and similarities among thousands of beeps and pulses. He analyzed signal traffic appearing over time and correlated it against observed enemy troop movements. He used captured battlefield documents to decode fragments of text, then leveraged those fragments to deduce the positions of commonly used characters in Chinese military telegrams. Every time the Chinese side changed their cipher, all of Hachimō's accumulated work was rendered worthless in an instant, but he would begin again—listening, thinking, starting over from nothing, with the same unbroken patience. On the perfectly timed morning of September 20th, Lieutenant Colonel Hachimō achieved what he had been working toward. He cracked the cipher in use by the Ninth War Zone for communications with its various subordinate armies, and successfully intercepted and decoded the operational deployment order that the Ninth War Zone Command had issued to all its armies on the night of September 18th—the very orders that Zhao Zili had drafted in quiet despair after his plan was rejected. Those orders told the Japanese exactly where every Chinese unit was going, what it intended to do, and when. Hachimō made his way downstairs and reported his achievement. Staff officer Kinoshita Isamu read the summary, then stood and walked without a word into the room where 11th Army Commander Anami Korechika was at work. The other officers in the room looked at Hachimō with confusion, uncertain what had just happened. After a few minutes, Anami and Kinoshita returned together. Anami stepped forward and took Hachimō's hand. "I, the Commander, congratulate you," Anami said, "on becoming the first officer to receive a certificate of merit in Operation Plus. Now I order you to go and rest immediately." The intelligence transformed the battle. Anami's original operational plan had been relatively modest in its ambition: a breakthrough along the Changsha-Yueyang highway, advancing toward Jinjing and the Xiangjiang River, with the 3rd and 4th Divisions planned for deployment toward the river. But now that the Japanese held a complete map of Chinese intentions—the positions, routes, and assignments of every army in the Ninth War Zone—a far more ambitious opportunity presented itself. What could be more valuable, or more satisfying, than the direct encirclement and annihilation of the main Chinese forces in the field? Anami immediately revised his entire operational deployment. As Chinese historical records later documented: "The Japanese intercepted and deciphered the radio telegrams issuing operational orders from the Ninth War Zone, gaining access to the Nationalist Army's operational plans and deployments. This led to a shift in their original strategic concept from a breakthrough to an encirclement of the Nationalist Army's right flank." The trap was set. The Chinese armies, following Xue Yue's orders faithfully, were marching toward positions the Japanese already knew they would occupy. The 26th Army was commanded by Xiao Zhichu, and it comprised three divisions: the 32nd Division under Wang Xiushen, the 41st Division under Ding Zhipan, and the 44th Division under Chen Yong. When Xiao received Xue Yue's orders to move his army to defend the south bank of the Miluo River, the situation was already deeply unfavorable. The Japanese had broken through the Xinqiang River line and were advancing rapidly southward; the 26th Army was positioned in the Liuyang and Yong'an area to the west, at a starting point that was even farther from the Miluo River than the Japanese forces were. The army was engaged in a race against a faster-moving enemy to reach the same objective, running from the farther starting block. The timing was unfavorable. The location was unfavorable. And the personal dimension was unfavorable as well, in a way that would prove deeply consequential, because Xue Yue and Xiao Zhichu harbored a long-standing resentment toward one another with its roots six years in the past. In 1935, both men had attended the third session of the Lushan Officers Training Corps, each holding the rank of army commander in the army but serving as battalion commanders within the training structure. The corps was nominally commanded by Chiang Kai-shek himself, with Chen Cheng as deputy commander. Xue Yue was a favorite of Chen Cheng—a celebrated battle commander who had fought his way across half of China—and he carried himself accordingly, often holding forth at length in seminars and discussions and not infrequently straying off-topic into territory where his assertions were questionable. The other senior officers present were content to listen, taking what was useful and ignoring the rest. Xiao Zhichu, however, was a man of earnest and literal disposition who simply could not let inaccuracies pass without challenge. He disputed Xue Yue's claims on several occasions, insisting on clarifying the facts, and each such correction landed on Xue Yue like a public rebuke. The estrangement that resulted between the two men was severe and lasting. By 1941, Xue had risen to command an entire war zone; Xiao remained an army commander under his authority. In the intervening years, Xiao had learned to be extremely cautious in all his dealings with his superior, acutely aware that any apparent failure or challenge might be held against him. On the night of September 19th, Xue Yue issued Xiao Zhichu an order to move the 26th Army to the second line of defense on the south bank of the Miluo River. Then, at noon on September 20th, he changed the order entirely: Xiao was to push his troops forward to the first line of defense along the riverbank, a more exposed position further north. At dawn on September 21st, Xiao Zhichu personally led his 44th Division—the division with which he had built his reputation—on a forced march toward the designated position. They were 2.5 kilometers from their destination, at the town of Wengjiang, when they encountered the Japanese 6th Division. The Japanese already knew they were coming. Having read Xue Yue's intercepted operational orders, they had deployed their forces specifically to intercept the 26th Army on the march. Within just twenty minutes of the initial encounter at Wengjiang, the entire 44th Division was completely surrounded. Xiao Zhichu reported the situation to Xue Yue by telephone. Xue Yue's response from the other end of the line was white-hot fury: "What's going on? We're surrounded before we even arrived! Why aren't we fighting? If we lose the Miluo River position, I'll kill you!" Xiao Zhichu swallowed his bitterness. Following orders, he threw the 44th Division into battle in terrain that could hardly have been more disadvantageous. They fought for a full day and a night and were unable to break through the encirclement. He ordered Wang Xiushen's 32nd Division to press forward and relieve the siege, but by the time those orders could be executed, the 32nd Division was itself under attack—surrounded on three sides by the Japanese 3rd Division at Wukou. Wang Xiushen led the entire division in a desperate battle with the river immediately at his back, suffering grievous casualties, and was eventually forced to fight his way clear rather than advance to relieve the 44th. On September 23rd, General Kanda Masazuka committed a portion of the 6th Division to a fierce assault against the rear of the already-encircled 44th Division. The situation became critical. Xiao Zhichu's army was fighting simultaneously on two fronts, and the lines were beginning to give way. It was only the timely intervention of Ding Zhipan's 41st Division, which arrived on a diagonal axis and struck the enemy threatening the 44th Division's rear, that prevented a complete collapse. When Ding Zhipan came to report to the army commander, the chief of staff of the 44th Division informed him with hollow composure that the entire division had suffered more than half casualties. The daily reality inside the encircled positions was one of sustained and grinding misery. During brief lulls in the fighting—stolen moments between one Japanese assault and the next—the soldiers would stuff a cold rice ball into their mouths and scoop up a mouthful of muddy water from the nearest roadside ditch; that was their meal. Immediately they would put down whatever they had in their hands and rush to reinforce the hastily dug earthworks, knowing another assault was imminent. The wounded lay where they had fallen, unable to be evacuated, their groans a constant sound beneath the work of digging and the distant thunder of artillery. The dead were not buried; there was simply no time. The battlefield was a scene of utter devastation. After Xiao Zhichu's repeated requests, Xue Yue finally authorized a withdrawal. The 26th Army was permitted to pull back to Putang, a position a few kilometers to the south with marginally more defensible terrain. The entire army moved overnight, arriving exhausted, and immediately began constructing new fortifications. They had barely caught their breath when the Japanese 40th and 6th Divisions came on in succession, pressing the pursuit without pause. The 41st and 44th Divisions threw themselves into the fighting and were decimated. After destroying those two divisions, the Japanese turned their full attention on the surviving 32nd Division and the army headquarters. As Xiao Zhichu swept his binoculars across the positions, watching his men lie on the ground—dead, dying, or fighting on sheer will—one phrase repeated itself in his mind: "total annihilation." It was the most despairing phrase in a soldier's vocabulary, and it seemed to be becoming a description of reality. On the evening of September 25th, as the Japanese ring tightened around the remnants of the 26th Army, a Japanese Chinese-language translator began calling out to the encircled troops in Mandarin, urging them to surrender. The entire army appeared to be at its final moment. Then, in the darkness, reinforcements arrived—in the most improbable way imaginable. The head of the army's reconnaissance section had slipped through the Japanese encirclement looking for any exit, and in doing so had stumbled upon an entire regiment of the 32nd Army that had completely lost contact with the headquarters days earlier. This regiment had suffered damage to its radio equipment and had simply not received any of the telegrams announcing changes to the army's deployment and assignments. When they arrived at their designated rendezvous point, the area was empty. They had been sending scouts in all directions trying to locate friendly forces and make sense of the situation, when they encountered the reconnaissance section chief who had been doing precisely the same thing from inside the encirclement. The two men compared unit designations and confirmed their identities. Then the section chief remembered something: the regiment's party representative was his own classmate from the Whampoa Military Academy. Old bonds held. The two men exchanged information, assessed the situation together, and without further deliberation the regimental commander led his troops on a forced march straight toward the guns. They found and struck the weakest points in the Japanese encirclement, broke through, and extracted the army headquarters and the surviving remnants of the 32nd Division. The 26th Army had been saved, but only barely, and at a terrible cost. What had before the battle been a formidable force with numerous victories was now reduced to less than one-fifth of its original strength. Wang Xiushen, commander of the 32nd Division, had previously served as commander of the great warlord Feng Yuxiang's own bodyguard brigade—a valiant and decorated general of the old Northwest Army. Division commanders Ding Zhipan and Chen Yong were similarly seasoned veterans, known for their courage and resourcefulness throughout years of hard fighting. After the battle, they and Army Commander Xiao Zhichu were utterly dejected. They had fought as hard as men could fight, under conditions as unfavorable as circumstances could devise, and they had been broken. More than forty kilometers to the west of the 26th Army's ordeal, at the point where the Miluo River flows into Dongting Lake, a second major engagement was being fought at the same time. Here, the Japanese 3rd and 4th Divisions struck at Chen Pei's 37th Army, whose two main fighting formations—Luo Qi's 95th Division and Li Tang's 140th Division—were deployed across the hills and river-network terrain of the area. The fighting was, by any measure, equally bloody and equally brutal. Before the battle, with their blood up and their honor committed, the commanders of the 37th Army's divisions had gathered their officers for ceremonies of dedication that spoke to the seriousness with which they understood what was coming. Li Tang, commander of the 140th Division, organized a frontline oath-taking ceremony at which he stood before his assembled officers and men and vowed aloud to annihilate the Japanese invaders and avenge the deaths of fallen compatriots. Luo Qi, commanding the 95th Division, sent written instructions throughout his formation: "The defense of the Shending Mountain line is not only a matter of honor for our division, but also a matter of victory or defeat for the entire battlefield. With this stubborn enemy pressing in, all our officers and soldiers should be even more courageous and loyal, resolutely defend the position, annihilate the Japanese invaders, and achieve extraordinary feats!" Song Ruike, who served at the time as a senior staff officer at the Ninth War Zone Command headquarters, recorded his recollection of the battle's progress in later years with the systematic precision that his professional training demanded. "On the morning of the 19th," Song recalled, "the enemy's main force successively advanced towards the Miluo River via Yanglin Street, Guanwang Bridge, and the Changhu-Dajing Street highway. Our 37th Army was on high alert on the south bank, while our vanguard troops were also advancing forward on the north bank. That afternoon, the enemy's vanguard encountered our troops north of Changle Street. After a fierce battle, many enemy soldiers were killed. Then, enemy cavalry and artillery, along with several thousand infantry, attacked from three sides. Our defending 1st Company fought a bloody battle, but due to being outnumbered, they suffered almost all casualties. Changle Street was occupied by the enemy. At around 7 p.m., the enemy began to attempt a crossing at Modao Beach. Our troops defending the south bank fought bravely and fought fiercely throughout the night, but the enemy failed." The first crossing attempt had been beaten back, but the respite was brief. Song continued: "At dawn on the 20th, the enemy, under the cover of aircraft and artillery, launched another forced crossing. At around 7 a.m., fierce fighting broke out between the two sides along the Wugongshi, Guiyi, and Hejiatang line." Those words, whatever courage the oaths and instructions had inspired, could not alter the underlying arithmetic of the battle. From the 21st through the 23rd of September, the 37th Army fought ferocious engagements with the Japanese 4th and 3rd Divisions across the Shending Mountain and Banjunmiao areas, absorbing casualties that could not be replaced. Song recorded the progression: "The main force of the enemy, advancing rapidly southward, captured our positions at Nanyangmiao and Banjunmiao in Wengjiang at noon on the 22nd. Our 140th Division engaged the enemy at Lishan Lane and Daxingling, and fought fiercely for two days and nights..." After the battle, the 37th Army had effectively ceased to exist as a fighting force. It had gone into the engagement with nearly fifty thousand fully equipped and manned troops. Song Ruike, reflecting on it all in his old age, acknowledged with unusual candor the limitations of his own account: "Since history cannot be reproduced, people summarize events based on memory, striving to retain the most important and valuable aspects while filtering out the unimportant and those that do not reflect the essence." The elderly Song retained the factual architecture of the battle—times, places, unit designations, tactical methods—but he knew, as any honest chronicler must, that within those facts lay a multitude of individual experiences, individual sufferings, individual deaths, that no record could fully capture. "Then what about every individual in history?" he asked. "How should their emotions, will, beliefs, their flesh and blood, their breath, and everything they sacrificed be expressed and entrusted to us?" It was a question he could not answer, and neither can history. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. After commander Zhao Zili's plan was rejected, he drafted orders anyway, but Lieutenant Colonel Hachimō of Japan's 11th Army intercepted and decoded the Ninth War Zone's deployment orders on September 20. Meanwhile, the 37th Army fought the Japanese at the Miluo River confluence with Dongting Lake, launching oaths and grim defenses before being effectively destroyed as a combat force.