First era of the Phanerozoic Eon 541-252 million years ago
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Genesect.Last of the Generation 5 Mythicals. The Paleozoic monster.Get in touch!twitter: https://twitter.com/LukeLovesPKMNfacebook: https://facebook.com/LukeLovesPKMNCheck out other podcasts I make at https://podcastiopodcastius.orgHyrule Field Report https://hyrulefieldreport.transistor.fm/Films and Filth. https://filmsandfilth.transistor.fm/Game Game Show. https://gamegameshow.transistor.fm/Support the show!https://patreon.com/PodcastioPodcastius ★ Support this podcast on Patreon ★
The late Paleozoic ice age began in the Late Devonian and ended in the Late Permian, occurring from 360 to 255 million years ago. It was similar to the present day in two key respects: rising atmospheric CO2 and recurrent major ice sheets. In the podcast, Isabel Montañez explains how we can use proxies to learn about the climate and ocean conditions that prevailed then. And with the help of a model, she says that we can also learn about sensitivities and feedbacks of Earth systems to rising CO2. Among other things, the model suggests that when the atmosphere reaches the present day level of CO2, significant parts of the ocean may become anoxic and ocean circulation patterns alter.Montañez is a Distinguished Professor in the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences at the University of California, Davis.
Paleontologist from the New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Spencer Lucas comes in to discuss a new exhibit at the Museum entitled the "Paleozoic Hall" with TJ on News Radio KKOB See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
You might know them as ghost sharks, rat fish, or spook fish. Chimaeras are close cousins of sharks and rays, equipped with distinctive and unusual features in their fins, teeth, and reproductive structures. In today's oceans, chimaeras are rare and easy to miss, but their extended family includes some of the most diverse and iconic fish of the Paleozoic seas. In this episode, we'll explore the traits that set chimaeras apart, we'll take a tour through their ancient relatives, and we'll investigate what their most famous cousins were doing with their strange spiral rows of teeth. In the news: Baltic herrings, Cambrian arms race, pterosaur tails, and early dinosaurs. Time markers: Intro & Announcements: 00:00:00 News: 00:06:35 Main discussion, Part 1: 00:40:25 Main discussion, Part 2: 01:16:45 Patron question: 02:20:00 Check out our website for this episode's blog post and more: http://commondescentpodcast.com/ Join us on Patreon to support the podcast and enjoy bonus content: https://www.patreon.com/commondescentpodcast Got a topic you want to hear about? Submit your episode request here: https://commondescentpodcast.com/request-a-topic/ Lots more ways to connect with us: https://linktr.ee/common_descent The Intro and Outro music is “On the Origin of Species” by Protodome. More music like this at http://ocremix.org Musical Interludes are "Professor Umlaut" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com). Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
Silver North Resources CEO Jason Weber joined Steve Darling from Proactive to announce the completion of an option agreement with three prospectors holding the GDR Project in southern Yukon. Comprising three claim groups totaling 150 claims in the Silvertip-Midway District, the GDR Project is strategically located near Silver North's Tim Silver Property, currently under option to Coeur Mining. The project claims encompass geology prospective for Carbonate Replacement Deposits (CRDs), akin to those explored at Tim and Coeur's neighboring Silvertip Mine Project. Weber highlighted the accessibility of the GDR Project properties via road and trail, emphasizing their potential for high-grade Ag-Zn-Pb CRD mineralization. Showings of Ag-Pb-Zn and multi-element soil geochemical anomalies underlain by Paleozoic limestone underscore the project's geological similarity to CRD mineralization at Silvertip. Veronica, situated 11 km north of Silvertip and proximal to Silver North's Tim project, exhibits a multi-element soil anomaly spanning 450 by 450 m, with unexplored potential to the east. Soil samples reveal promising values of 0.3 - 31.1 ppm Ag, 60 - 3100 ppm Pb, and 50 - 612 ppm Zn, presenting an enticing target for exploration follow-up. The area features limestone and quartzite outcrops, further enhancing its prospectivity. #proactiveinvestors #silvernorthresourcesltd #tsxv #snag #otc #tarsf #YukonMining, #JasonWeber, #SilverTipMidway, #TimProject, #CoreMining, #MineralExploration, #SilverMining, #CRDMineralization, #Geology, #ResourceBase, #MiningClaims, #SoilGeochemistry, #Prospecting, #VeronicaClaim, #LeadZincSilver, #MineralProspects, #ExplorationPlans, #ResourceDevelopment, #AcquisitionCosts#invest #investing #investment #investor #stockmarket #stocks #stock #stockmarketnews
rWotD Episode 2561: Philip Burke King Welcome to random Wiki of the Day where we read the summary of a random Wikipedia page every day.The random article for Wednesday, 8 May 2024 is Philip Burke King.Philip Burke King (September 24, 1903 – April 25, 1987) was a geologist who worked for the United States Geological Survey. He was born in Chester, Indiana. King graduated from Iowa State University (B. A., 1924; M. S., 1927) and Yale University (Ph. D., 1929). He spent most of his career from 1930 onward as a geologist with the U. S. Geological Survey. He taught at universities for short periods: (Texas, 1925–27), Arizona (1929–30), UCLA (1954–56), and in the autumn of 1965 was a visiting lecturer at the University of Moscow.In 1965, he was awarded the Penrose Medal of the Geological Society of America and the Distinguished Service Medal of the U. S. Department of Interior. He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1966. He was attending the International Geological Congress meeting in Prague in August, 1968, when the Soviets invaded; he was evacuated to Nuremberg.King did his early field work (1925) in the Marathon region, an area of about 1,600 square miles (4,100 km2) in the trans-Pecos part of Texas, where varied rocks and structures that were formed during the Paleozoic have been stripped of the cover of younger strata that conceal them elsewhere in this part of the Southwest. His first field work in the Marathon region was on Permian marine strata that form a sequence about 7,000 feet (2,100 m) thick on the northern side of the Glass Mountains. Instead of an orderly sequence, the strata of the Glass Mountains were a disorderly array of discontinuous bodies of carbonate rocks, shale, and sandstone. An opportunity to clarify the Permian stratigraphy of western Texas came later (1934), when King began work in the southern Guadalupe Mountains about 150 miles (240 km) northwest of the Glass Mountains. During King's field work there, he gave much attention to the Capitan Limestone, which stands in lofty white cliffs at the summit of the mountains.In 1940–44, the wartime search for strategic minerals by the U. S. Geological Survey afforded King an opportunity to investigate the Appalachian Mountains in Virginia and Tennessee where he unraveled and interpreted the massive folds and low-angle thrusts of that region. As he did these earlier investigations, he was aware of their broader significance and developed regional syntheses that resulted in his publications Evolution of North America (1959), the Tectonic Map of the United States (1944; 2nd ed. 1962; National Atlas version 1989), and the compilation of the Tectonic Map of North America (1969).In 1974, he and Helen Beikman produced the Geologic Map of the United States. King and Beikman's work lives on into the digital age. Their map was re-released, complete with ArcInfo coverages, as U. S. Geological Survey Digital Data Series DDS-11, Release 2 ( http://minerals.usgs.gov/kb/).This map was combined by José F. Vigil, Richard J. Pike, and David G. Howell in 2000, with the digital shaded-relief image created by Thelin and Pike in 1991, to create A Tapestry of Time and Terrain ( https://web.archive.org/web/20030209053037/http://tapestry.usgs.gov/ and http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/i-map/i2720/).This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 01:09 UTC on Wednesday, 8 May 2024.For the full current version of the article, see Philip Burke King on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm Matthew Neural.
The gang discusses two papers that look at the morphology and ecology of early fishes. The first paper investigates a hypothesis for how the pectoral girdle could have evolved, and the second paper looks at the functional morphology of a Paleozoic jawless fish. Meanwhile, Amanda missed some context, James throws some shade, and Curt is annoyed by AI. Up-Goer Five (Curt Edition): The friends talk about two papers that look at animals from a long time ago that live in water. The first paper looks at how part of the shoulder in people may have first started as a part of another part of the animal in these animals that lived in water a long long time ago. They find these parts of this animals from a long long time ago that they can use to see how the parts around the head grew. They use this to say that the shoulder parts may have started as a part of the thing these animals use to breath. The second paper looks at the mouth of a type of animal that lived in water a long long time ago that did not have a hard part in the mouth to move up and down and eat food. They use an animal they found with a lot of parts to see how these animals may have lived and what they could have eaten. They find that this animal could have been picking up food from ground at the bottom of the water or they could have been of taking food out of the water. This shows that even animals without a hard part to move up and down to eat food were finding ways to eat a lot of different things. References: Brazeau, Martin D., et al. "Fossil evidence for a pharyngeal origin of the vertebrate pectoral girdle." Nature 623.7987 (2023): 550-554. Dearden, Richard P., et al. "The three-dimensionally articulated oral apparatus of a Devonian heterostracan sheds light on feeding in Palaeozoic jawless fishes." Proceedings of the Royal Society B 291.2019 (2024): 20232258.
Texas State University's Shelly Wernette, Ph.D., a senior lecturer in the Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, joins the Big Ideas TXST podcast to discuss her discovery of 10 new species of extinct trilobites in Thailand and what those discoveries reveal about ancient world geography. Trilobites are extinct sea creatures that rolled up like some types of armadillos or rolly pollies and breathed through their legs. Fossils of the creatures were trapped in sandstone between layers of petrified ash, created by volcanic eruptions that settled on the sea floor and formed a green layer called a tuff. Unlike some other kinds of rocks or sediment, tuffs contain crystals of zircon — a mineral that formed during eruptions and are, as the name of the rock layer containing them suggests, tough. Zircon is chemically stable as well as heat and weather resistant. It is hard as steel and persists when minerals in other kinds of rocks erode. Inside these resilient zircon crystals, individual atoms of uranium gradually decay and transform into atoms of lead. Radio isotope techniques enable researchers like Wernette to determine when the zircon crystals formed and thus put a date range to the volcanic eruption that laid down the tuff formation. Wernette studies stratigraphy and invertebrate paleontology with special attention to the lower Paleozoic of Gondwana and trilobites. She is interested in how the physical earth affects biodiversity, relying heavily on paleogeography and geochronology to frame this investigation. She earned her doctorate in geological sciences from the University of California Riverside, and her bachelor's and master's, both in geology, from the University of Oklahoma. FURTHER READING:Trilobites of Thailand's Cambrian–Ordovician Tarutao Group and their geological settingTrilobites rise from the ashes to reveal ancient map
Hello, and welcome to our first real episode! Still not ranking anyone, but that doesn't mean we can't have fun talking shop! In this episode, we explore the most fundamental question of all: What is Music? Join us as we trace the evolutionary roots of human musicality from its origins in the animal kingdom through to its emergence with the dawn of self-aware upright bipeds. Finally, we'll resolve such time-honored questions as which came first; music or language, does that tree falling in the forest really make a sound, and which fast food joint is the best place to copyright your song! DIG IT! MASSIVE CAVEAT: This episode could not have existed without the tremendous research of the YouTuber Diacoustics. This episode borrows heavily from him, including several block quotations that are entirely his own. I make no claim to them, as it is his brilliant presentation that is at the heart of this episode, serving as its framework and intertwining with our own presentation. MODERATE CAVEAT: Yeah, we know. The audio's a bit rough. Please pardon the occasional echo/overlap and obvious edit points. We're new, so please don't count us a disgrace to classical music podcasting just yet. And don't blame our mastering guy. This is all Ronnie's fault. :) MINOR CAVEAT: Yes, I know we use the term “melody” in a rather cavalier fashion. Here we use the term in its widest possible context as a series of pitches occurring in succession to one another. We will define the term more properly when we arrive at Gregorian chant in episode 0d. MORE CAVEAR THAN CAVEAT: This episode is neither intended as an authoritative resource for either the mating behavior of Cambrian roundworms, nor as tax advice when dealing with Paleozoic apex predators. We waive all liability with respect to you messing with Anomalocaris. That's on you, bruh.
LOOP 2.1: We introduce episode two of Life On Our Planet and discuss our roles in its creation. We're down deep in the geological time with all the “crunchy and squishy” organisms. We talk about our favourite scenes, jellyfish reproduction and the proper pronunciation of cephalopod. Life On Our Planet (LOOP) is a new 8-part series created for Netflix by Silverback Films and Amblin Television. This Steven Spielberg produced series, narrated by Morgan Freeman, is hugely ambitious in its scope, telling the story of life throughout the whole Phanerozoic Eon. Ancient organisms and environments are painstakingly recreated by the supremely talented Industrial Light and Magic, whilst modern natural history scenes add vital context to the story. This show has been worked on for six years, during which time countless papers were read and around 150 different palaeontologists contributed their time and knowledge. The whole production had culture of letting the scientific research dictate scenes, resulting in one of the most accurate on-screen representations of prehistoric life there has ever been. And how do we know all this? Well, our very own team members Tom Fletcher and Dave Marshall have been embedded within the LOOP team since day one! We are therefore in a totally unique position to reveal to you the work that went into this series, from both the production and research side of things. In this unofficial series, we've been granted exclusive access to many of the people responsible for creating LOOP, we explore what it takes to create a palaeontological documentary and we delve deeper into the science with some of the show's academic advisors. Each day, we will be releasing batches of interviews, each relating to a specific episode of LOOP. Image courtesy and copyright of Netflix.
Arthur Halleran, CEO of Trillion, stated: the newly acquired oil exploration license is “The best oil property I've come across in my career. The oil field trend is expected to run through the northeast half of the Eastern Block which has yet to be explored. We are excited about the exploration opportunities considering recent discoveries made in the province proximate to the Eastern Block. Wells drilled to date in the southwest of our targeted area have good to very good oil staining and asphalt in the rocks. This indicates a working petroleum system on the Eastern Block where oil has been generated and migrated within the system. There are 5 different Mesozoic reservoirs and 2 different Paleozoic reservoirs that have over 15 oil fields of note in surrounding blocks. This indicates oil generation which has migrated in vast amounts and as such, our exploration focus will be looking for traps. When you are surrounded by large, discovered oil fields, you know you are in elephant hunting grounds.” Trillion is an oil and gas producing company with multiple assets throughout Turkiye and Bulgaria. The Company is 49% owner of the SASB natural gas field, one of the Black Sea's first and largest-scale natural gas development projects; a 19.6% (except three wells with 9.8%) interest in the Cendere oil field; and in Bulgaria, the Vranino 1-11 block, a prospective unconventional natural gas property. Trillion Energy also has tremendous blue-sky potential on its natural gas license areas which it is currently seeking to expand. The company's SASB gas field is located just 100km south of the largest gas discovery (19 TCF+) in 30 years in Europe and is the only nearology play in the region. Art is planning to test the most prospective structures he has identified in 2024 and beyond. https://trillionenergy.com/ CSE: TCF - OTCQB: TRLEF - Frankfurt, Z62, Forum Slides of Newly Acquired Oil Exploration blocks: https://www.miningstockeducation.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/New-OIl-Blocks-PPT-TCF.pdf Press Release discussed: https://trillionenergy.com/news/trillion-announces-farmin-for-oil-exploration-blocks-se-turkiye 0:00 Introduction Sign up for our free newsletter and receive interview transcripts, stock profiles and investment ideas: http://eepurl.com/cHxJ39 Trillion Energy is an MSE sponsor. Bill Powers is a shareholder. The content found on MiningStockEducation.com is for informational purposes only and is not to be considered personal legal or investment advice or a recommendation to buy or sell securities or any other product. It is based on opinions, SEC filings, current events, press releases and interviews but is not infallible. It may contain errors and MiningStockEducation.com offers no inferred or explicit warranty as to the accuracy of the information presented. If personal advice is needed, consult a qualified legal, tax or investment professional. Do not base any investment decision on the information contained on MiningStockEducation.com or our videos. We may hold equity positions in some of the companies featured on this site and therefore are biased and hold an obvious conflict of interest. MiningStockEducation.com may provide website addresses or links to websites and we disclaim any responsibility for the content of any such other websites. The information you find on MiningStockEducation.com is to be used at your own risk. By reading MiningStockEducation.com, you agree to hold MiningStockEducation.com, its owner, associates, sponsors, affiliates, and partners harmless and to completely release them from any and all liabilities due to any and all losses, damages, or injuries (financial or otherwise) that may be incurred.
Welcome back to the 142nd episode of The Cup which is our a weekly (give or take, TBD, these are unprecedented times) performing arts talk show presented by Cup of Hemlock Theatre. With the theatres on a come back we offer a mix of both reviews of live shows we've seen and continued reviews of prophet productions! For our 142nd episode we bring you the second half of our very special two-part Toronto Fringe 2023 Review Roundup. Join host Mackenzie Horner and Ryan Borochovitz, as they blitz through another fifteen shows, unpack all of their thoughts, and commemorate this moment in local theatre history for posterity! TIMESTAMP NAVIGATOR: 0:00 – Intro 4:22 – Dead End 12:06 – Fatal Charade 18:58 – All that Remains 26:14 – Curious K Explores the Paleozoic 32:07 – Exorcist: An Operetta 39:58 – Amor De Cosmos 45:24 – Pyramid 51:04 – Things We Lost in the Fire 58:02 – June 1:05:11 – Mail Ordered (Major SPOILERS begin at 1:06:48) 1:17:16 – Emo Majok: African Aussie 1:21:22 – Third Wheel 1:29:52 – i carry your heart with me 1:38:14 – Back to the Bar 1:44:50 – Killing Time: A Game Show Musical 1:55:46 – Sign off Catch up with PART 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DZxffV4X_Nw Follow our panelists: Mackenzie Horner (Before the Downbeat: A Musical Podcast) – Instagram/Facebook: BeforetheDownbeat Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/3aYbBeN Spotify: https://spoti.fi/3sAbjAu Ryan Borochovitz – Instagram: @ryanborochovitz [just this once!] --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/cup-of-hemlock-theatre/support
Kenton Blythe is a Canadian actor, singer, musician and writer based in Toronto, ON. Kenton is most recognizable for his appearance with his wife Lise Cormier on season 2 of Canada's Got Talent. Together they performed a song Kenton wrote about the Permian Period. Kenton's professional stage career began after graduating from Randolph College for the Performing Arts, when he joined the international revival tour of Evil Dead: The Musical, produced by Starvox Entertainment & Jeffrey Latimier Entertainment. This critically acclaimed revival featured members of the original cast. Following the tour he became a company member of The Shaw Festival, performing in the musical Cabaret, and the play Juno and the Payock. He is currently developing a musical for the 2023 Toronto Fringe Festival called Curious K Explores the Paleozoic. The musical features material he and his wife performed on Canada's Got Talent. Lise Cormier is a Toronto-based Jewish and Acadian bilingual actor, voice actor, singer, dancer, and creator who hails from Halifax, where she performed with RAZZMATAZZ FOR KIDS, at Neptune Theatre, as well as in multiple movies of the week. She is a two time Dora Award nominee for her performances in TALE OF A T-SHIRT with Fixt Point, as well as in ZINSPIRÉS 3D with Théâtre français de Toronto. She performed in the Dora-nominated THE BARBER OF SEVILLE at Soulpepper, in the award-winning CBC radio drama BACKBENCHER, in Netflix's THE UMBRELLA ACADEMY, and on Season 2 of Canada's Got Talent as KENTON AND LISE. CURIOUS K EXPLORES THE PALEOZOIC - When these best friends' very friendship is on the rocks, a class trip to the museum finds Emma and Olivia in a hidden room with a ... robot that sings songs about the Paleozoic Era – the very topic of their homework! But can they work together to finish their assignment and get back to their class – in time? https://www.kentonblythe.com/curious-k
Theme song: "Widgeon" by Birdboy Purchase the full song at http://smarturl.it/birdboy! Listen to the live broadcast, every Friday at 6pm – only on Valley Free Radio, WXOJ-LP 103.3fm or streaming on valleyfreeradio.org Look for Evidence Based Radio on iTunes, Google Play, Stitcher, or stream on Evidencebasedradio.com This podcast part of the Planetside Podcast Network. Visit Planetsidepodcasts.com to find other Planetside Productions!Support Evidence Based Radio by contributing to their tip jar: https://tips.pinecast.com/jar/evidencebasederrata Send us your feedback online: https://pinecast.com/feedback/evidencebasederrata/1f7d129c-f906-472f-b59e-bf3d29180cdc
#Pangea #BlackTribes #aboriginal https://cash.app/$BlackConsciousness Spotify Link - Listen Now: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/realblackforum/episodes/Black-People-Were-The-Only-People-Living-During-Pangea--Law-Of-Entropy-e21i3at Blog: https://realblackconsciousnessesforum387099824.wordpress.com/ Email the podcast: rbcforum313@yahoo.com Join us as we have a conversation discussing the theory of Pangea (Pangaea) and whether or not humans were living on the planet at that time. According to wikipedia, Pangaea or Pangea (/pænˈdʒiː.ə/)[1] was a supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras.[2] It assembled from the earlier continental units of Gondwana, Euramerica and Siberia during the Carboniferous approximately 335 million years ago, and began to break apart about 200 million years ago, at the end of the Triassic and beginning of the Jurassic.[3] In contrast to the present Earth and its distribution of continental mass, Pangaea was centered on the equator and surrounded by the super ocean Panthalassa and the Paleo-Tethys and subsequent Tethys Oceans. Pangaea is the most recent super-continent to have existed and the first to be reconstructed by geologists. So make you tap into the conversation and don't forget to like, share, and comment! Thanks! #RBCF Hashtags: #pangea #godlevel #godlevelfest #reptiles #quintoescalon #crestedgecko #a #trueno #fmsespa #gecko #batalladegallos #duki #reptilesofinstagram #rapargentino #kodigo #batallasdegallos #skone #lizard #supremacia #redbull #dtoke #canada #marbella #marbs #repashy #lizards #reptile #freestylerap #geckosofinstagram #fmsargentina #natives #blackhistory #africa #america #humans #original #orginalman #asiatics #asia --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/realblackforum/message
Episode: 2496 Trilobites: Wondrous window upon the processes of evolution. Today, the evolution of the trilobite.
Today on Mushroom Hour we have the privilege of being joined by Dr. Kevin Boyce, Professor of Geological Sciences at Stanford University. Dr. Boyce's research is focused on the biological and environmental impacts of the evolution of plant structure, development, and physiology from the Paleozoic colonization of land through the subsequent radiations of land plant forms up to and including the Cretaceous radiation of flowering plants. This work involves both living and fossil plants and a wide variety of approaches: developmental and physiological investigation, climate modeling, comparative study of morphological diversity, and cell and tissue-specific analysis of elemental, isotopic, and organic chemistry. These tools have been applied to three connected areas of research that each inform wider questions concerning the evolution of terrestrial environments: 1. the evolution of leaf morphology, development, and physiology with feedbacks to climate and primary productivity, 2. the evolution of cell wall biochemistry and its influence on organic matter burial as a sink in the carbon cycle, and 3. the establishment of early terrestrial life and ecosystems encompassing the complete biota including animals, fungi, and microbial communities in addition to the plants. I'm excited to learn about the coevolution of plants and fungi, prototaxites and how we learn about organismal evolution and community assembly from the ancient past. TOPICS COVERED: The Path into PaleontologyGeobiology & Defining Geological Eras Fungal & Plant Fossil Records Absolute Time & Relative Time Evolution of Plant Physiology Coevolution of Plants, Bacteria, Fungi and Animals Stochastic "Rules" of Community Assembly Geochemistry Genetic Tools and Phylogeny Changing Paleontology Prototaxites Biochemical Signatures of Heretrophs and Autotrophs Piecing Together a Paleozoic Landscape Lifestyle, Physiology and Growth Rate of Prototaxites Future Work into the Cenozoic EPISODE RESOURCES: Dr. Kevin Boyce Academic Website: https://biology.stanford.edu/people/kevin-boyce Dr. Boyce Paper on Prototaxites: https://awarticles.s3.amazonaws.com/Boyce2007.pdf Prototaxites: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prototaxites Geologic Time Scale: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale "Wonderful Life" by Stephen Gould: https://wwnorton.com/books/Wonderful-Life/ Lycopodium (clubmoss genus): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lycopodium "Stinkhorn" Mushrooms: https://www.mushroomexpert.com/stinkhorns.html
In this episode, I sit down with Mary Sue Burns. She is best known for her Paleozoic banjo picking, shaping young minds, and playing in groups like Juanita Fireball and the Continental Drifters. We will also hear about the first women in banjo and how she found a silver lining in the pandemic when she picked back up the fiddle. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/story-sessions/support
The boys are taking a holiday - but that doesn't mean the judge doesn't get to wield his gavel of justice! Welcome to The Verdict - Out of Office! THE VERDICT is the companion podcast for History Happened Everywhere Out of Office Episode #00: Fatherhood in Algeria during the Paleozoic. If you haven't listened to that episode yet, we recommend that you go and listen to that first - or else there will be spoilers ahead! Contact us: Web: hhepodcast.com Email: hello@hhepodcast.com Tiktok: @HHEpodcast | @HHEhost Twitter: @HHEPodcast Insta: @HHEpodcast Reddit: /r/HHEpodcast Facebook: @HHEPod
The boys are taking a holiday - but that doesn't mean you don't get more random facts about a time, place and topic. Welcome to HHE Out of Office! In this one-off episode, Peter takes Ryan and guest-host Jim Coulson (creator of BewilderedDad.com) on a trip back to the very earliest days of life in Algeria to find our great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-grandfathers! Thanks: Jim Coulson (https://www.bewildereddad.com) Elsa and Seth Coulson Algerian National Anthem (https://youtu.be/pmr3AJF2YaY) Dave at Palaeocast (https://www.palaeocast.com) Contact us: Web: hhepodcast.com Email: hello@hhepodcast.com Tiktok: @HHEpodcast | @HHEhost Twitter: @HHEPodcast Insta: @HHEpodcast Reddit: /r/HHEpodcast Facebook: @HHEPod
After receiving his Ph.D. in biology from Harvard University in 1984, Hans Sues conducted research as a postdoctoral fellow at McGill University and the Smithsonian on early Mesozoic vertebrates and ecosystems. In 1992, he became Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology at the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto and joined the faculty of the Department of Zoology at the University of Toronto. In 1999, Sues was appointed Vice President of Collections & Research at the Royal Ontario Museum and later held equivalent senior management positions at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History in Pittsburgh and the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, DC. He is now Senior Research Geologist and Curator of Fossil Vertebrates in the Department of Paleobiology at the National Museum of Natural History.His research program centers on terrestrial vertebrate diversity and faunal changes during the late Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras and the evolutionary history of archosaurian reptiles, especially dinosaurs. Sues has authored or co-authored more than 150 scientific articles in leading peer-reviewed journals and edited volumes. He has edited or co-edited a number of books on vertebrate paleontology and paleoecology. Pre-order my new book 'The Path of an Eagle: How To Overcome & Lead After Being Knocked Down'.► AMAZON US► AMAZON AUSSupport this show http://supporter.acast.com/thestorybox. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.
Have you ever wondered what's so attractive about the gaming world for brands? Well, the gaming audience is almost 3 Billion in size. That's a lot of people to get your message across to. And it's growing. Gaming, the biggest market, and entertainment industry is growing fast and there are millions of people around the world that are playing online. Over the last decade, the growth of online gaming has been one of the most remarkable stories in technology. Dr. Nir Ben-Lavi, CEO and Co-Founder, of Pangea Cup, joins us to discuss the future of the gaming industry. He also shares the story behind the name Pangea and his motivation to start this competition. What does Pangea mean? Pangea was a supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras. According to Nir Ben-Lavi, this name encapsulates a vision that is to help the world to become one again through passion and play. Three reasons why you should listen to the full episode: Discover Nir Ben-Lavi's motivation behind starting Pangea and how you can become The Next Big Video Game. Learn how technology is changing the future of gaming. Understand the challenges of the gaming industry. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/tbcy/support
Marrellomorphs are the group of early Paleozoic arthropods that get their name from the well-known Burgess Shale fossil Marrella splendens. They have for a long time been considered to be closely related to the trilobites, based on similarities in their gills, but numerous studies have since suggested they are closer related to mandibulate arthropods (crustaceans, insects & myriapods), although their strange appearance means other relationships might still be plausible. Since they have a soft exoskeleton, marellomorphs have a very poor fossil record and so the discovery of any new specimens outside of the Burgess Shale can be incredibly significant. In this interview, we speak to Joe Moysiuk of the University of Toronto and Royal Ontario Museum about his newly described species Tomlinsonus dimitrii.
0:00 - Introduction Welcome to the Juras-Sick Park-Cast podcast, the Jurassic Park podcast about Michael Crichton's 1990 novel Jurassic Park, and also not about that, too. Find the episode webpage at: Episode 9 - Skeleton. 9:46 - Guest interview with Jamie Reaume 25:00 - The Shining's influence on Jurassic Park 37:00 - Foreign Film Star sample music 43:00 - Jurassic Park trivia In this episode, my terrific guest Jamie Reaume chats with me about: Ace Ventura When Nature Calls, Christmas Cards, The Chatham Capitol Theatre, Dune, special effects, Michael Keaton's Batman, The Dark Knight, classic Hollywood, Brachiosaurus, velociraptors, sound design, adopting Costa Rican culture in the sound design, The Shining, Jack, plaigiarism v. tribute, Blues, Led Zepplin, learning to play guitar, 1993, layering sounds, Gary Rydstrom , tyrannosaurus sound design, velociraptor sound design, posterizable moments, Ninja T-Rex, mating sounds, music production, No Country for Old Men, Tommy Lee Jones, Robert Muldoon, trivia, Dances With Wolves, runtimes, Weird Al, Daniel Radcliff, Ian Malcolm, Godzilla soundtrack, sampling roars, Aerosmith, Living on the Edge, Spoonman, Metallica, performing live, and what I like about poo (you'll see). You can find Jamie Reuame at Shapes Guitar Lessons.com where he's an instructor, and he's co-host of Trivia Schmivia.com and you can find his musical catalogue on Youtube. Musical samples come from Safe Trip (kitchen pot, with his fingertips); The Ones and Zeros of Digital Rain (playing glasses of water); and Beautiful Pulse (with the funky outro). 3:40 - Fossil evidence of the avian vocal organ from the Mesozoic 5:44 - Voices of the past: a review of Paleozoic and Mesozoic animal sounds Plus dinosaur news about: Fossil evidence of the avian vocal organ from the Mesozoic Voices of the past: a review of Paleozoic and Mesozoicanimal sounds 0:47 - Music by Snale the rock band. Featuring the music of Snale https://snalerock.bandcamp.com/releases Intro: Latebloomer. Outro: Grow Old or Don't. Text This week's chapter is Skeleton, pages spanning from 42 - 48. Synopsis Alice Levin's X-Ray of the biting lizard shocks Grant and Ellie, who diagnose it as a procompsognathus, and consider if it's a hoax or a rediscovery, before Hammond calls to invite them to inspect his new island. 1:05:57 - Analyzing the literary and stylistic techniques 1:11:40 - Discussions on the allusions, the MacGuffin, Building a Mystery, the portrayal of women, Control as a Hoax, Timeline, and responsibility and safety. Discussions surround: Allusions to the Piltdown man, coelocanth's rediscovery, archaeopteryx, Fred Hoyle, the real procompsognathus triassicus, responsibility and safety, heroes and villains, Hammond's ironic comments on character, paleontology, costly digging, Child of the 80s, the Portrayal of Women, Hoaxes are Omnipresent, Timeline, Due Diligence, MacGuffins, and Building a Mystery. Side effects vary from minor problems like a runny nose to life-threatening events: Find it on iTunes, on Spotify (click here!) or on Podbean (click here). Thank you! The Jura-Sick Park-cast is a part of the Spring Chickens banner of amateur intellectual properties including the Spring Chickens funny pages, Tomb of the Undead graphic novel, the Second Lapse graphic novelettes, The Infantry, and the worst of it all, the King St. Capers. You can find links to all that baggage in the show notes, or by visiting the schickens.blogpost.com or finding us on Facebook, at Facebook.com/SpringChickenCapers or me, I'm on twitter at @RogersRyan22 or email me at ryansrogers-at-gmail.com. Thank you, dearly, for tuning in to the Juras-Sick Park-Cast, the Jurassic Park podcast where we talk about the novel Jurassic Park, and also not that, too. Until next time! #JurassicPark #MichaelCrichton
Trilobites were some of the most successful and versatile organisms ever to exist. Among the earliest forms of complex animal life, these hard-shelled marine invertebrates inhabited the primal seas of the Paleozoic Era. Their march through evolutionary time began in the Lower Cambrian, some 521 million years ago, and lasted until their demise at the end of the Permian, more than 250 million years later. During this vast stretch of planetary history, these adaptable animals filled virtually every available undersea niche, evolving into more than 25,000 scientifically recognized species.In Travels with Trilobites, Andy Secher invites readers to come along in search of the fossilized remains of these ancient arthropods. He explores breathtaking paleontological hot spots around the world―including Alnif, Morocco, on the edge of the Sahara Desert; the Sakha Republic, deep in the Siberian wilderness; and Kangaroo Island, off the coast of South Australia―and offers a behind-the-scenes look at museums, fossil shows, and life on the collectors' circuit. The book features hundreds of photographs of unique specimens drawn from Secher's private collection, showcasing stunning fossil finds that highlight the diversity, complexity, and beauty of trilobites. Entertaining and informative, Travels with Trilobites combines key scientific information about these captivating creatures with wry, colorful observations and inside stories from one of the world's most prolific collectors.Buy the book here: https://wellingtonsquarebooks.indiecommerce.com/book/9780231200967
The mountainous landscapes of West Texas testify to diverse aspects of the Earth’s past – to the tectonic upheavals that raised the Rockies, to episodes of powerful volcanism, to a seaway that covered this land in the Age of Dinosaurs. … Continue reading → Hosted by for KRTS
In our last episode, we discussed The Great Dying, the transitional extinction event that ended the Permian and Paleozoic times and kickstarted the Triassic and Mesozoic! While the Mesozoic is often thought of as the Age of the Dinosaurs (and it *is* the time when they both evolved and went largely extinct), the first part of the Mesozoic was dominated by other groups of animals. But who?! Find out, this week on Petri Dish! References: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825220302221 https://www.britannica.com/science/Triassic-Period/Paleoclimate https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/the-triassic-period-the-rise-of-the-dinosaurs.html https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/mesozoic/triassic/triassic.php https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14772019.2017.1394922
Episode 4 takes us to the age of ancient life in Wisconsin - the Paleozoic era. We find out how the sedimentary rocks deposited over 300 million years ago shape the landscape of eastern Wisconsin. More at uofpod.org. Support the show at patreon.com/RudyMolinek. Music is the song Arizona Moon, by the Blue Dot Sessions.
The geological history of Central Europe is quite complicated. The region is composed of several continental blocks having quite distinct origins that came together over 300 million years ago in the Paleozoic Era. Then, in the Mesozoic, many of the original rocks were overlaid, and continued plate movements caused mountain belts to form. In a previous Geology Bites podcast, Douwe van Hinsbergen explained how he used an analysis of the geological structure of mountain belts to reconstruct tectonic plate motions. In this episode, we hear about a totally different approach to reconstructing plate motions and paleogeography, and see how it was able to reveal the plate motions that assembled central Europe. Ulf Linnemann is the Head of the Geochronology Department at the Senckenberg Museum of Mineralogy and Geology in Dresden. In his research he uses detrital zircon crystals, which are crystals that have survived the erosion of the magmatic rocks in which they formed, and that have been recycled into sedimentary rocks. His team has determined the ages of large populations of detrital zircons as the basis for disentangling the events that led to the assembly of central Europe.
Twin brothers John and James Coats are the creative duo behind the Dino Beasts comics. Dino Beasts is a sincere, passionate adventure of anthropomorphic dinosaur barbarians in the Paleozoic era. So, barbarian dinosaurs fighting in blood-curdling world of sword-and-sorcery. John is behind the colors and writing the world of Dino Beasts. James brings the world to life with his visuals. Learn more about Dino Beasts here: https://dinobeasts.com/ Their work and passion for comics is a refreshing perspective for the medium. It stands out among the cynicism, cheap tongue-in-cheek humor and corporate sludge in comics. Wits’ End host Shah Emami talks to the Coats brothers about Toshiro Mifune movies, comic book inkers (Mike Mignola), the importance of supporting indie comics and creators, Kickstarters vs. self-publishing, Dino Beasts, their Ninja zine, future projects and a lot more. Follow Shah & the Wits’ End Podcast: YouTube (subscribe!): Wits’ End YouTube Support Wits’ End on Ko-fi!: https://ko-fi.com/witsendpodcastwithshahemami Twitter: @_shahcomics Wits’ End Twitter: @witsendpod Instagram: @shah_comics Coats Brothers media: Website (for comics): https://dinobeasts.com/ James Coats Instagram: @jacoats John Coats Instagram: @jdcoats
In this episode we look at interesting Lagerstätte articles released in March 2021. This includes a newly described, oldest Lagerstätte in South America, Paleozoic lamprey embryos, the first opabiniid discovered outside of Burgess Shale, a failed cephalopod predation attack, an oviraptorid brooding on its nest, and a manta ray-like, planktivorous shark. All links to papers on the Fossil Bonanza Twitter account.
Today we celebrate a woman known as the Lady of Botany, yet today few people know her life story, and fewer still appreciate her difficult professional journey. We'll also learn about another female botanist who started one of the first degreed botany programs for women in England. We hear a story about a mink who set up residence in a winter garden from an avid gardener and writer. We Grow That Garden Library™ with a delightful book about Cottage Gardening. What could be more charming? And then we’ll wrap things up with the story of a dried flower expert who created everlastings for celebrities and he also shares some of his favorite flowers to preserve for long-term joy and delight. Subscribe Apple | Google | Spotify | Stitcher | iHeart To listen to the show while you're at home, just ask Alexa or Google to “Play the latest episode of The Daily Gardener Podcast.” And she will. It's just that easy. The Daily Gardener Friday Newsletter Sign up for the FREE Friday Newsletter featuring: A personal update from me Garden-related items for your calendar The Grow That Garden Library™ featured books for the week Gardener gift ideas Garden-inspired recipes Exclusive updates regarding the show Plus, each week, one lucky subscriber wins a book from the Grow That Garden Library™ bookshelf. Gardener Greetings Send your garden pics, stories, birthday wishes, and so forth to Jennifer@theDailyGardener.org Curated News Sir Isaac Bayley Balfour (1853-1922) – An Appreciation | RBGE.org | Leonie Paterson Facebook Group If you'd like to check out my curated news articles and original blog posts for yourself, you're in luck. I share all of it with the Listener Community in the Free Facebook Group - The Daily Gardener Community. So, there’s no need to take notes or search for links. The next time you're on Facebook, search for Daily Gardener Community, where you’d search for a friend... and request to join. I'd love to meet you in the group. Important Events February 23, 1879 Today is the birthday of the British plant morphologist and anatomist, botanical historian, and philosopher of biology Agnes Arber. Since her father was the artist Henry Robertson, Agnes learned to draw as a child, and throughout her life, she illustrated all of her own botanical work. Agnes’ mom, also an Agnes, fostered her love of plants. Mentored and befriended by the botanist Ethel Sargent, Agnes mastered the microscope. Ethel was a profound role model in Agnes’ life. She not only taught Agnes her earliest lessons in botany, but she also modeled a unique approach to her work because Agnes watched Ethel successfully conduct her work in a small laboratory she had built in her home. Later, when Anges wrote her first book on her dear monocots (which are grass or grass-like flowering plants), she dedicated her work to the woman who was godmother to her only child Muriel Agnes Arber and the brightest beacon in her botanical career and: Ethel Sargent. In 1909, Agnes married a paleobotanist, Edward Alexander Newell Arber, of Trinity College at Cambridge. And it was thanks in part to Edward that Agnes moved to Cambridge from London and made a life there. Edward promised Agnes that “life in Cambridge offered unique opportunities for the observation of river and fenland plants.” Despite Edward’s appeal, for Agnes, Cambridge was tough. Cambridge was a much harder place for a female botanist than London - where Agnes would have had more opportunities, connections, and acceptance. Sadly, Agnes and Edward would be married for only nine years as Edward died in 1918. And so, before her 40th birthday, Agnes found herself both a widow and a single mother to six-year-old Muriel. After securing help with childcare and household duties, Agnes carried on with her botanical work - she wrote constantly, she was poorly compensated for her work, and she never re-married. A few years after Agnes arrived in Cambridge, she started working at the Balfour Laboratory, which was owned by Newnham College and was a place for teaching women. Now, the creation of this laboratory was a direct result of allowing women admittance into Cambridge. And although women could attend Cambridge, they could not go to labs or classes, and so the Balfour Lab became their only option for conducting experiments. Over the 19 years that Agnes worked at Balfour, the female students gradually disappeared as classes and lab opportunities opened up for them in botany, chemistry, geography, etc. By 1925, Newnham College was ready to sell the lab to Cambridge; they needed the cash, and it seems only Agnes needed the lab. Yet when Agnes reached out to Cambridge, both the University and the head of botany, Albert Seward, rejected her - suggesting she might seek out a space to work at the botanic garden. And so, an accomplished botanist and the widow of a Cambridge professor no less was left with nowhere to work. And so, seven years after her husband’s death, Agnes, like her mentor and friend Ethel Sargent, set up a home laboratory in the back of her house over the kitchen. Agnes worked from home for the rest of her life. A lover of researching whatever captured her curiosity, Agnes allowed her intellect to veer into areas seldom explored by her botanist peers, such as history, philosophy, poetry, and art. Yet, each of these disciplines molded and refined Agnes’s perspective on plant morphology, and they put her in a unique position to write her most impactful philosophical works in the twilight of her life. When it came time for Agnes to publish her final work, Cambridge snubbed her again when they declined to publish it. As per usual, Agnes persevered without the University’s help. Agnes became interested in botanical history after reading the old herbals. In 1912, Agnes released a book called Herbals: Their Origin and Evolution. Agnes's work reviewed the primary herbals written for a 200 year time period between 1470 and 1670. These beautiful books formed the basis for early botanical education, and, luckily for Agnes, many were housed at Cambridge. In her book, Agnes examined how the plant descriptions and illustrations evolved over time. An instant classic, Agnes forever changed the way herbals were reviewed and written. In her philosophical work, The Mind and the Eye, Agnes argued that there was a blurred line between the science and art of botany. Botanists cannot fully capture a flower through data alone, just as the painter cannot paint all that a flower contributes to nature. Any gardener who sees their garden with their head and their heart can relate to Agnes’ philosophy. When she was 67 years old, Agnes became the first female botanist to be elected as a Royal Society Fellow. Two years later, she became the first woman to receive the Linnean Society’s Gold Medal for her botanical work. Known by many in her circle as the “Lady of Botany,” Agnes wrote, “A record of research should not resemble a casual pile of quarried stone; it should seem "not built, but born,” as Vasari said in praise of a building.” Today, you can toast Agnes with a gin made in the UK. The gin is made in her honor and it's called Agnes Arber gin. And it's made with nine botanicals, including angelica, cassia, coriander, grapefruit, iris, juniper, lemon, licorice, and orange. And I think Agnes would be especially touched by the beautiful hand-drawn botanical illustrations on the label of every bottle. If ever there was a female botanist that deserved to be toasted, I believe Agnes Arber fits the bill. February 23, 1980 Today is the anniversary of the death of the British botanist and botanical pioneer Marion Delf-Smith. A botanical trailblazer, Marion started the botany program at London's Westfield (a women’s college preparatory school) in 1906. To make the program a reality, Marion fundraised relentlessly, and then she bought everything the program needed to teach botany, mount specimens, store collections, and conduct fieldwork. Ultimately Westfield became one of the only places in the world where women could learn how to study botany. And in 1915, almost a decade after starting her degree program, Marion was finally able to award Bachelor’s degrees in botany to her students. Sixty-Seven years after starting her botany program, Marion was honored by her students on the occasion of her 90th birthday. Marion died seven years later, on this day in 1980. She was 97 years old. And there’s a lovely side note about Marion’s botanical career. At one point, Marion served as an editor for a botanical comedy magazine called "The Sportophyte." Marion’s poem, "A Botanical Dream," was featured in a volume of The Sportophyte, and I thought I would share some quick definitions to help you appreciate her verse. Gymnosperms produce seed cones like conifers and the Ginko. The Medullosae and Pteridosperms are extinct plants in the seed-fern group. Calamites are extinct swamp plants related to horsetails - except that they could grow as tall as a ten-story building. Cryptogams are plants that reproduce by spores (not flowers or seeds). Sphenophyllum cones would refer to the spore-filled cone of an extinct group of plants that are a sister group to modern horsetails. Finally, Palaeozoic is a reference to a long-ago era. The end of the Paleozoic period marked the most extraordinary extinction event on earth. A Botanical Dream Last night as I lay dreaming There came a dream so fair I stood mid ancient Gymnosperms Beside the Ginkgo rare. I saw the Medullosae With multipartite fronds, And watched the sunset rosy Through Calamites wands. Oh Cryptograms, Pteridosperms And Sphenophyllum cones, Why did ye ever fossilise To Palaeozoic stones? Unearthed Words The most predaceous winter visitor we have had was a mink that took up residence under the woodpile one winter. The end of the pile was only 20 feet or so from the place where the drain pipe struck out of the pond, which tends to be open even when other areas of the pond are frozen. The Mink had found the perfect carryout restaurant right across from his winter Abode. We timed him: 20 seconds from leaving the woodpile to returning with a crayfish. We never saw him return empty-handed. — Jo Busha, Time and the Garden, February Grow That Garden Library English Cottage Gardening by Margaret Hensel This book came out in 2000, and the subtitle is For American Gardeners, Revised Edition. In this book, Margaret shares everything she knows about English Cottage Gardening; and she’s as charming as her topic. Margaret breaks down ten cottage gardens owned by everyday gardeners in England and America. By deliberately not focusing on estate gardens, Margaret shows Daily Gardeners how anyone can cultivate the charm of a cottage garden. With inspiring photographs, Margaret focuses on plants that are easy to grow and give the look cottage gardeners love - enchanted shapes and natural forms, gentle colors, and endearing varieties. The last section of the book shares a glossary of 76 plant recommendations, including the Latin and common names, how to use them in the garden, as well as a list of places to find old rose varieties. This book is 256 pages of an English Cottage Garden masterclass taught by a garden designer who loves to teach the most novice gardener to create enchanting gardens and vistas right outside their windows. You can get a copy of English Cottage Gardening by Margaret Hensel and support the show using the Amazon Link in today's Show Notes for around $10 Today’s Botanic Spark Reviving the little botanic spark in your heart February 23, 1991 On this day, the Hartford Courant shared an article written by Anne Farrow called Garden of Everlasting Delights. This fantastic article features Gregg Fisk of Gregg Fisk Designs and his incredible dried arrangements and flower drying skills. Gregg’s creations are truly a cut above the rest, and his celebrity clients have included Barbara Streisand and Lady Bird Johnson. And a photo of one of his swags highlights outstanding features like small flower pots, hydrangea, globe amaranth, and love-in-a-mist. Now as for Gregg’s favorite plants to grow for drying, here’s what Gregg suggests: “Some of the basics are globe amaranth, the everlasting signifying immortality; American statice, a ruffle-edged annual that's durable and can be grown in a variety of colors; strawflowers; asters; zinnias; heather' in several different colors; and nigella, a flower with a delicate mauve seed head and a beautiful name: love-in-a-mist. The current crop of books on growing flowers for drying also recommends hosta, the ubiquitous of shade-garden perennials; poppies, which have a globe-shaped seed case that dries easily, astilbe, ivy, baby's breath and the evocatively named money plant, which has a silvery, translucent seed case. Another must-have for the home gardener is the rose. [Gregg] recommends planting a climbing rose, sometimes called the faerie rose… [which adds] a finished, old-fashioned appearance to dried arrangements. From the herb family, [Gregg] chooses rosemary, which has a dark, blue-green needle and a wonderfully piney perfume; bay, for its fragrance; and both Silver King and Silver Queen artemisia. The artemisias, which really are silver-colored, look handsome and puffy in the garden and in dried arrangements. The bright golden florets of yarrow, a perennial grown in the earliest New World gardens, is another of the herbs he always chooses, as are the low-growing lamb's ear, which has a velvety, gray-green leaf that is soft even when dried. Often shown in herb kits for children because it is so touchable, lamb's ears are particularly pretty in wreaths with a lot of pink flowers or placed in a bowl of homemade potpourri. White lilacs can [hang-dry] easily and turn a pearlescent cream color. Hydrangeas, too, can be hang-dried and then dyed in a variety of shades. Asters, a garden classic, dry beautifully in beach sand. Experimentation teaches you a lot, [and Gregg] has found an ally in… the microwave oven. Though the procedure for drying flowers in the "mike" is more complicated than simple hang-drying methods, the results, particularly with… peonies, daffodils, marigolds, and roses, justify the effort required. The special advantage of microwave flower drying is that the delicate natural color of the bloom is preserved because the drying time is a fraction of traditional methods.” Thanks for listening to The Daily Gardener. And remember: "For a happy, healthy life, garden every day."
We’re devoting this episode to the season’s most dreaded stocking stuffer, coal. Travel back in time to the Paleozoic era, where coal starts as rotten plants. Add heat, pressure, and time, and quick as a wink from old Saint Nick - you’ve got coal! And like Santa’s naughty or nice list, learn how coal is graded into four types: lignite, sub bituminous, bituminous, and anthracite. Return to the present, where coal provides 38.5% of the world’s electrical power, and glimpse at the future of alternative fuels. BYO hot chocolate. Sources:How is Steel Produced? by the World Coal Association: https://www.worldcoal.org/coal/uses-coal/how-steel-producedAnnual Energy Review by the US Energy Information Administration: https://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/ How Much Do You Consume? by the US Department of Energy: https://www.energy.gov/articles/how-much-do-you-consume Music for It’s Sedimentary, My Dear is provided by Solar Sleighs.Follow us on Twitter and Instagram. You can also contact us through our website sedimentarymydear.com.
Episode title: The Love of Fish Bones with Meeman Chang Episode summary introduction: This episode of GEOY explores the life of Dr. Meeman Chang, a leading Chinese vertebrate paleontologist. She spent her life studying fish faunas and clarified the link between Paleozoic fish and land-based vertebrates’ evolution. Geologists Noelle Lin and Xi Wang discuss […]
Episode title: The Love of Fish Bones with Meeman Chang Episode summary introduction: This episode of GEOY explores the life of Dr. Meeman Chang, a leading Chinese vertebrate paleontologist. She spent her life studying fish faunas and clarified the link between Paleozoic fish and land-based vertebrates’ evolution. Geologists Noelle Lin and Xi Wang discuss […]
V tomto podcaste budeme mať zopár Covid-19 správ (nadbytočné úmrtia v ČR, status vakcíny of Pfizer), ďalej o Hayabusa 2 a o medzihviezdnych tlakových vlnách a o pôvode uhlia. Pseudocast 482 na YouTube Zdroje V předposledním říjnovém týdnu zemřelo nejvíc lidí za posledních deset let. A bude to ještě horšíPhase III dataHayabusa 2 Twitter threadSamples of asteroid Ryugu arrive in Japan after successful Hayabusa2 capsule landingA Foreshock Model for Interstellar Shocks of Solar Origin: Voyager 1 and 2 ObservationsDelayed fungal evolution did not cause the Paleozoic peak in coal productionThe Fantastically Strange Origin of Most Coal on EarthWhere does NASA keep the Moon Rocks? - Smarter Every Day 220
Dinosaur George explains the various time periods and what lived during each one. In this podcast you'll also learn about erosion, and why it is important to paleontologists.
This conversation with Tyler Hauck is about a regional study utilizing stratigraphy to identify halite dissolution within the Devonian, and its effect on the sub-cretaceous unconformity and deposition of the overlaying McMurray Formation. It is based on Tyler Hauck, Jesse Peterson, Ben Hathway, Matthias Grobe, and Kelsey MacCormack's scientific article titled “New insight from regional-scale mapping and modelling of the Paleozoic succession in northeast Alberta: Paleogeography, evaporite dissolution, and controls on Cretaceous depositional patterns on the sub-cretaceous unconformity."What is the importance of the halite dissolution scarp and it's updated location? How does the underlying Devonian Keg River Formation and Prairie Evaporite Formation effect the overlying Cretaceous McMurray Formation deposition? Which stratigraphic markers are utilized to understanding the Athabasca Basin?May this exchange serve to expand your geological knowledge on the go.For more information go to www.stoneconsulting.infoCitation: Tyler E. Hauck, Jesse T. Peterson, Ben Hathway, Matthias Grobe, Kelsey MacCormack; New insights from regional-scale mapping and modelling of the Paleozoic succession in northeast Alberta: Paleogeography, evaporite dissolution, and controls on Cretaceous depositional patterns on the sub-Cretaceous unconformity. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology ; 65 (1): 87–114.
What do you know about the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic eras? In today's Flashcast, Murray and Tamika provide *eons* of information, laying out the main differences between each era, including the Age of Reptiles and the Age of Mammals. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.
What do you know about the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic eras? In today's Flashcast, Murray and Tamika provide *eons* of information, laying out the main differences between each era, including the Age of Reptiles and the Age of Mammals. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.
In this episode, the boys talk about the history of how the Paleozoic and Mesozoic Eras came about in the geologic time scale.
this week the guys learn that ryan's apartment has a terrible echo and then talk about the storm area 51 meme-phenomenon. finally they reveal deep secrets about their personal lives (sort of and only vaguely). enjoy! don't forget to follow suck my (fan) fic on social media and youtube! https://twitter.com/suckmyfanfic https://www.facebook.com/Suck-my-fan-fic https://suckmyfanficpodcast.tumblr.com/ https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCqdIDIgKS-F1dgBcDWUBl2g you can also give them all (at least some?) of your monies if you feel so inclined https://www.patreon.com/suckmyfanfic
In this podcast, Niles Eldredge, evolutionary biologist and renowned paleontologist, discusses parallel causation in oncogenic and anthropogenic degradation and extinction, his thoughts on biological theory, and other topics. Dr. Eldredge holds a PhD from Columbia University. He is the Curator Emeritus, Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History. Podcast Points: How does overpopulation impact the environment? Does evolution occur gradually? What can we do about environmental damage and species extermination? Dr. Eldredge discusses his long background, and his noted career in the fields of biology and paleontology. Dr. Eldredge has contributed significant work in the study of mid-Paleozoic phacopid trilobites, and along with Stephen Jay Gould of Harvard, formulated an interesting theory that challenged Darwin's very premise that evolution occurs gradually. The theory they put on the table was known as Punctuated Equilibria, and it states that evolution occurs in dramatic spurts mixed in with extended periods of stasis. Dr. Eldredge says there isn't much evolution really unless, and until, the ‘clock' is turned over, such as what occurs when an extinction event happens. Evolution, in fact, is a rebound from an extinction event. When all is working properly, he states, things tend to stay the same. Dr. Eldredge provides information on climate change and the recipe for stability. He discusses some of the grave environmental dangers, discussing disruption and degradation, and the terrible damage being done to various species globally. He discusses how we have changed the environment considerably, and how more people globally will ultimately lead to more damage. Dr. Eldredge talks about urban environments and how they relate to the natural world, and the real possibility that we are on a track toward extinction.
Dr. Javier Ortega-Hernández is an Assistant Professor at Harvard University (Cambridge, MA, USA) in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology. His research interests include the evolution of major animal groups during the Paleozoic era (about 541 million years ago to 251 million years ago). The blog post for this episode can be found at prof-talks.com.
Thank you to This Episode's Sponsor: The Lake Charles southwest Louisiana convention and Visitors Bureauwww.visitlakecharles.orgwww.visitlakecharles.org/blog#visitlakecharlesA FEW PLACES FROM RORY'S STORY:• Drive south…down Hwy 14 past Boone's Corner to Hwy 27, and keep on heading south into the Cameron Prairie National Wildlife Refuge. That little drive is officially called the “Creole Nature Trail.” Just before you enter the Cameron Prairie, the Creole Canal joins up next to the road, and pretty much runs alongside the rest of the way through that part of the Refuge, and it's always fun to look for alligators, nutria and all the big birds as you drive. www.visitlakecharles.org/creole-nature-trail •Lacassine National Wildlife Refuge - Here you can keep an eye out for fish for largemouth bass, sac-a-lait (also commonly known as white perch, crappie), sunfish, catfish, and Choupique, (pronounced “shoe-pick”, a Choctaw word meaning “mudfish”). Choupique are considered “living fossils” since they have changed very little since the Paleozoic period, and are also harvested commercially for their eggs, as caviar. • We fished for bass, bream, and white perch. www.fws.gov/refuge/lacassine•Holly Beachwww.visitlakecharles.org/listing/holly-beach-cajun-riviera/148326/ADDITIONAL NOTES IN REGARDS TO THE LAPINA'S QUESTION THIS EPISODE:We don't mention Italy as a bordering country, and for us, when we've gone and checked prices for surrounding countries it has never been a cheaper/more viable option for us and what we were planning with our concert tours and such, but it can't hurt to check into flying into Milan and Vienna and see what you find. Also- It is likely more expensive, which is why we didn't suggest it, but you can always fly into one country, and take the train or a cheap flight (i.e. easy jet or ryan air) to your main country or another bordering country and rent a car in a different country. Just because you fly into Germany, doesn't mean you have to rent a car in Germany. You could rent a car in Paris or a small coastal village if you can get there by train. OUR MUSIC can be found on Pandora, Spotify, Apple Music and on Amazon and iTunes. The songs featured on today's podcast are:THANK YOU:https://apple.co/2PYiws1JAMBALAYA:https://apple.co/2HbJdXAAlso mentioned:www.hackettscajunkitchen.comwww.steamboatbills.com/www.cottensfamoushamburgers.comwww.tonyspizzainc.com https://www.entreleadership.com/http://www.midway.orgwww.daveramsey.comwww.zurich-airport.comwww.gva.ch/en A basic and saltwater recreational fishing license or a Wild Louisiana Stamp is needed to crab on wildlife management areas or refuges. A basic and saltwater recreational fishing license is needed to crab with nets and traps.
The story of life continues with coverage of the Paleozoic Era (541 to 251.9 Million Years Ago). We trek through the different periods of this ancient age to uncover how animals, plants, and microorganisms evolved and coped with a continuously changing climate. Special topics include the Cambrian Explosion, the Ordovician Biodiversification Event, the Colonization of the Land, the Evolution of Tetrapods, and the horrors of the Permian Extinction Event. Transcript: https://riverofhistory.tumblr.com/post/182868647096/episode-4-from-trilobites-to-therapsidsLinks and Referenced Mentioned:Cambrian Extinction Event: https://www.nature.com/articles/nature09700 Possible link to volcanism for Ordovician Extinction Event: https://cpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com/u.osu.edu/dist/f/94/files/2014/05/young_etal_2009_final-28qe1mk.pdf Helicoprion’s tooth whorl: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3639784/
The story of life continues with coverage of the Paleozoic Era (541 to 251.9 Million Years Ago). We trek through the different periods of this ancient age to uncover how animals, plants, and microorganisms evolved and coped with a continuously changing climate. Special topics include the Cambrian Explosion, the Ordovician Biodiversification Event, the Colonization of the Land, the Evolution of Tetrapods, and the horrors of the Permian Extinction Event. Transcript: https://riverofhistory.tumblr.com/post/182868647096/episode-4-from-trilobites-to-therapsidsLinks and Referenced Mentioned:Cambrian Extinction Event: https://www.nature.com/articles/nature09700Possible link to volcanism for Ordovician Extinction Event: https://cpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com/u.osu.edu/dist/f/94/files/2014/05/young_etal_2009_final-28qe1mk.pdfHelicoprion's tooth whorl: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3639784/
The story of life continues with coverage of the Paleozoic Era (541 to 251.9 Million Years Ago). We trek through the different periods of this ancient age to uncover how animals, plants, and microorganisms evolved and coped with a continuously changing climate. Special topics include the Cambrian Explosion, the Ordovician Biodiversification Event, the Colonization of the Land, the Evolution of Tetrapods, and the horrors of the Permian Extinction Event. Transcript: https://riverofhistory.tumblr.com/post/182868647096/episode-4-from-trilobites-to-therapsidsLinks and Referenced Mentioned:Cambrian Extinction Event: https://www.nature.com/articles/nature09700Possible link to volcanism for Ordovician Extinction Event: https://cpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com/u.osu.edu/dist/f/94/files/2014/05/young_etal_2009_final-28qe1mk.pdfHelicoprion's tooth whorl: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3639784/
The story of life continues with coverage of the Paleozoic Era (541 to 251.9 Million Years Ago). We trek through the different periods of this ancient age to uncover how animals, plants, and microorganisms evolved and coped with a continuously changing climate. Special topics include the Cambrian Explosion, the Ordovician Biodiversification Event, the Colonization of the Land, the Evolution of Tetrapods, and the horrors of the Permian Extinction Event. Transcript: https://riverofhistory.tumblr.com/post/182868647096/episode-4-from-trilobites-to-therapsidsLinks and Referenced Mentioned:Cambrian Extinction Event: https://www.nature.com/articles/nature09700Possible link to volcanism for Ordovician Extinction Event: https://cpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com/u.osu.edu/dist/f/94/files/2014/05/young_etal_2009_final-28qe1mk.pdfHelicoprion's tooth whorl: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3639784/
Welcome to InTune, a music appreciation podcast. Andrew is back this week to join Jagan and Aidan! The group discusses year end lists by popular music publications before diving into their albums of each week: Andrew - El Mal Querer by Rosalia Aidan - Phanerozoic I: Palaeozoic by The Ocean Jagan - FM! by Vince Staples Other discussed topics, with links: Some publications mentioned: Pitchfork, The Rolling Stones, Complex, Slant Los ángeles by Rosalia Pelaglal by The Ocean Big Fish Theory by Vince Staples Summertime '06 by Vince Staples B.A.N. - Atlanta: Season 1 Episode 7
This week we host The Ocean mastermind Robin Staps. We discuss recording parts of the band's new album Phanerozoic 1: Paleozoic in Iceland, what it was like laying down tracks in a studio that used to be a swimming pool, why The Ocean always release double albums, the reason he gives listeners the option to listen to an instrumental version of his songs, how Phanerozoic is the end of an era for band, the amount of time he would like for Part 2 prior to release, why it's so difficult for bands from Europe to tour the states, how physical album sales are still strong in Germany and much of Europe, his enjoyment of the business side of music as much as the artistic side, and what brings him a true sense of peace in 2018. Petar, Brandon, and Jozalyn tackle the tragic news of the passing of Old Herbert from All That Remains and how important he was to his peers, and Scott Kelly's decision to cancel his tour with Mirrors for Psychic Warfare due to his struggles with mental illness. Songs: All That Remains - “Chiron The Ocean - “Devonian: Nascent” Korpiklanni - “Kotikonnut”
The Carboniferous was a time of huge swampy forests, big trees, and lots of life both on land and in the ocean. One world-renowned fossil site from approximately 300 million years ago is the Joggins Fossil Cliffs, located on the Bay of Fundy in Nova Scotia Canada. Joggins is one of Canada’s five palaeontology-based UNESCO World Heritage Sites, and is one of the best places in this world to find fossils from this time period. Why are the Joggins Fossil Cliffs so important? What makes this locality unique? In this episode, Liz speaks with Dr. Melissa Grey, the curator at the Joggins Fossil Centre to learn more about why this region is so important. We discuss the variety of fossils, from plants to invertebrates to vertebrates, and how the interesting preservation has resulted in virtually an entire ecosystem being preserved.
The Appalachian mountains, span the Eastern margin of the United States of America. They are predominantly composed of Paleozoic rocks, but Mesozoic marine sediments (formed adjacent to the Appalachian continent at the time) can be found along the Eastern coast. It is within these deposits that the remains of a unique dinosaur fauna can be found. Joining us to paint a picture of the vertebrate faunas of Appalachia during the Mesozoic is Chase Brownstein, research associate at the Stamford Museum and Nature Centre.
Aaron and INO relax with a bit of Paleozoic bug watching and answer questions from Louis, Evry, Melissa, Jamie, and James. View full episode show notes at www.MyDogRocket.com
Aaron and Delaney head to the surface to see what new Paleozoic life is slowly working its way onto the land. View full episode show notes at www.MyDogRocket.com
You may have seen some of the spectacular images of the earth in southern Algeria, curves and colors like some Picasso in the opposite of his cubist period. If you haven’t, check out the one from NASA, below. The ovals and swirls, with their concentric bands, are immediately obvious to a geologist as patterns of folds, but not just linear folds like many anticlines and synclines form. These closed ovals represent domes and basins – imagine a large scale warping, both up and down, in a thick succession of diverse sedimentary rocks, like sets of nested bowls, some of them right-side up and some inverted, then all sliced off halfway through. But “obvious to a geologist” has plenty of limitations in a space image. Without knowing more information, it’s difficult to be sure if an oval is a basin or a dome. And you can speculate, but without some ground truth, it’s challenging to be sure what the rock types are. Ahnet-Mouydir, Hoggar Mountains, Algeria. NASA image - sourceThis area, called the Ahnet-Mouydir, on the flank of the Hoggar Mountains close to the middle of the Sahara Desert, is remote, inhospitable, and arid, and called the “land of terror” for a reason. The rocks represent a thick sequence of marine sandstones, shales, and limestones, spanning a huge range of ages, from at least the Ordovician to the early Carboniferous – 150 million years or more, a great chunk of the Paleozoic era.The core of the Hoggar Mountains is an old Precambrian block, not as big as the cratons and shields that form the hearts of most of the continents, but otherwise similar. It might have been something like a microcontinent that became amalgamated into the growing supercontinent of Gondwana about 600 million years ago. After that amalgamation, seas came and went much like they did in western North America throughout much of the Paleozoic era, laying down the sediments that became the rocks we see today in the northern Hoggar Mountains. That’s all well and good – but here’s the next question, how did the rocks get deformed into these oval domes and basins? If you imagine the kinds of collisions that are typical on earth, you think of linear or curvilinear things – island arcs, edges of continents and such – that when they collide, are likely to make linear belts of deformation. This is why so many mountain ranges are long, linear features, and the folds and faults that make them up also tend to be linear. Domes and basins happen, but that seems to be almost all we have here in these mountains. We have to look for a deformational event that is later than the youngest rocks deformed. So if some of these rocks are as young as early Carboniferous, about 340 million years old, the mountain-building event that fills the bill is the Hercynian Orogeny, where ‘orogeny’ just means mountain-building. The Hercynian, at about 350 to 280 million years ago, represents the complex collision between Gondwana and the combined North America and Europe, which were already more or less attached to each other. The leading edge of Gondwana that collided was in what is now North and West Africa, and the collision produced mountain ranges all over – the Alleghenies in the central Appalachians in North America, and a complex swath of mountains across central Europe, from Spain, across France to northern Germany and into Poland, as well as elsewhere. In Africa, the most intense squeezing was at the leading edge, in what is now Morocco and Mauritania, colliding with North America, and northern Algeria, impacting Iberia. The basins and domes of southern Algeria that we’re trying to understand are 1500 kilometers or more from that leading edge of continental collision. So I think – and full disclosure, I’ve never really researched this area in detail – that what must have happened is that that distant hinterland wasn’t pushed into tight, linear belts like those we find along the lines of collision, but the force was enough to warp the sediments into these relatively small domes and basins. Alternatively, it might be possible that the brittle Precambrian rocks beneath the sedimentary layers broke from the force of the collision, so that the sedimentary layers draped over the deeper brittle surface like a carpet lying over a jumble of toy building blocks – some high, some low. The latter idea, that the brittle basement rocks were broken and pushed upward with the sedimentary layers draped over them is supported by research published in the journal Terra Nova in 2001. Hamid Haddoum and colleagues studied the orientations of folds and faults in this area, trying to figure out the orientations of the stresses that caused them. Their data show a shortening direction – which means compression, or squeezing – during early Permian time oriented about northeast-southwest. That is consistent with the collision that was happening at that same time between what is now Senegal and Mauritania, in westernmost Africa, and the Virginia-Carolinas region of what is now the United States. Haddoum and his colleagues show cross-sections with basement upthrusts, basically high-angle reverse faults where older rocks are squeezed so much that they are pushed up and over younger rocks. This is quite similar to the Laramide Orogeny in the western United States about 80 to 50 million years ago, but this compression was happening about 280 million years ago as the supercontinent of Pangaea was assembled during the early Permian Period. Both represent deformation at relatively great distances from the lines of continental collision. In the case of the Laramide in western United States, one idea for transmitting the stress so far from the collision is that the subducting slab of oceanic crust began to go down at a relatively gentle angle, even close to horizontal, creating friction and stress further away from the subduction zone than normal. Whether that’s the case here in southern Algeria isn’t clear for this Hercynian collision. I wouldn’t think of this area as high mountains, such as those that must have formed along the lines of Hercynian collision. Maybe more like warped, uplifted plateaus – but whatever they were, they were certainly subject to erosion. Erosion probably wore the domes and basins down to a common level, so that the nested bowls were exposed in horizontal cross-section – which for geologists is the equivalent of a geologic map. And that’s what the beautiful photos reveal. The area might have been planed off even more by Permian glaciers during and after the Hercynian mountain-building events. But then, during the Mesozoic era, seas returned to the region and all this mess of eroded domes and basins was buried beneath even more sediments. Sometime relatively recently, during the Cenozoic era, the past 65 million years, everything was uplifted at least gently, so that the highest parts – including today’s Hoggar Mountains, were stripped of the younger Mesozoic sedimentary rocks, revealing the much older Paleozoic rocks in the domes and basins. Thanks to Petr Yakovlev for pointing me to the 2001 paper by Haddoum and others.—Richard I. GibsonLink: Haddoum, H., Guiraud, R. and Moussine-Pouchkine, A. (2001),Hercynian compressional deformations of the Ahnet–Mouydir Basin, AlgerianSaharan Platform: far-field stress effects of the Late Palaeozoic orogeny.Terra Nova, 13: 220–226. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3121.2001.00344.x
Aaron and INO begin their Paleozoic adventure in a very unexpected way. View full episode show notes at www.MyDogRocket.com
Ganoid fish from an old textbook (public domain)Running time, 1 hour. File size, 70 megabytes.This is an assembly of the 15 episodes in the original series from 2014 that are about Paleozoic vertebrates. I’ve left the references to specific dates in the podcast so that you can, if you want, go to the specific blog post that has links and illustrations for that episode. They are all indexed on the right-hand side of the blog.Thanks for your interest and support!
The Carboniferous (Latin for ‘coal-bearing’) is a period of the Paleozoic named after the massive accumulations of coal that were formed globally during this time. These coal deposits were the fuel for the Industrial Revolution and continue to be an important economic resource to this day. For this interview, we asked Standford University’s Prof. Kevin Boyce to introduce us to coal production and to tell us how it’s formed and what it’s made of. We then concentrate on determining why the Carboniferous was the period with the largest coal deposits when we know that forests existed in other periods too. Finally, we look at the impact that coal production and subsequent exploitation have had on the planet.
Lynn Soreghan Paleozoic Loess Greenhouse vs. Icehouse Snowball Earth Fun Paper Friday Is your fitness tracker lying to you? An undergraduate researcher investigated several sleep trackers and compared them to research grade quipment. Comparison article Data extraction guide Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - SWUNG Slack - @dontpanicgeo - show@dontpanicgeocast.com John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin
The gang discuss two papers that describe the life strategies of trilobites, a diverse and charismatic group of extinct arthropods. Specifically, they look at two papers that look at enrollment and movement of trilobites. Meanwhile, Amanda educates James on the nature of pain, James envisions Curt's inevitable end, and Curt invents a hockey/extinct arthropod family film. Up-Goer Five (James Edition): The group looks at two papers that look at old animals with many legs that live in the bad drink water place and are made out of rock. These animals are all over the place and are good to study much like small animals with hair and big ears are used today. One paper makes pictures of the old animal with many legs on the computer to see how they turn into a ball. This paper is very easy to understand and shows that these animals can turn into a ball in a number of different ways and that they started doing these different ways a number of different times. However, once they have made this change they seem to stick with it. The second paper is not very easy to understand. It looks at where these old animals with many legs form lines and tries to work out whether they are forming lines so it is easier for them to walk. A lot of numbers are used to work out how easy it is for them to walk, but it is not clear what the numbers say. They suggest the lines these animals with many legs make are the same as ones people that ride things with two round moving things instead of legs make, but this just makes things more confusing. References: Trenchard, Hugh, Carlton E. Brett, and Matjaž Perc. "Trilobite ‘pelotons’: possible hydrodynamic drag effects between leading and following trilobites in trilobite queues." Palaeontology (2017). Esteve, Jorge, et al. "Modelling enrolment in Cambrian trilobites." Palaeontology 60.3 (2017): 423-432.
关注微信公众号：为你读英语美文，查看更完整的图文,背景音乐信息主播：永清坐标：中国【正文】有一些风景Some scenery是我们的想象到达不了的地方is unreachable inour imagination一片叶脉可以绵延数十公里One leaf canstretch dozens of kilometers水和云架起梦中走过的路径Construct the pathin dream with water and cloud我们和高空气流周旋着High up in the skywe tango with air currents创造出一个垂直世界To create aperpendicular world陆地边缘奔腾着生命的律动Life's rhythmgallops on the edge of the land密林深处回荡着古老部落的传说Deep in the woods,it echoes folklore from ancient tribes高山之巅隐藏着上古神兽的踪迹Mountain peakhides traces of Paleozoic beasts俯瞰云下的世界See the world fromabove图形、线条的背后Shapes, lines是上天造物的秘密Behind them liethe Creator's secrets数亿年前Hundreds ofmillions of years ago这里的鱼群和沙子一样多There were as manyfish as there is sand now如果潜到水面之下Diving in thewater会发现我们正在飞越的Is actually flyingover是一座座山顶A row of mountains蓬勃的生命Vigorous life在此周而复始地循环Travels in thelife circle over and over直到山林改写了它的基因密码Until wooded mountainoverwrites its genetic code直到海水更新了它的流浪轨迹Until the searenews its wandering trail我们对这里的生活极尽耐心We have infinitepatience with this land在纤维之上提取智慧的载体Wisdom is born onthe fiber extract在沙漠深处创造生命的能量Life energy iscreated deep in the desert有时候Sometimes日子过得像浮萍Time passes awaylike duckweed fades away有时候Sometimes生活又必须逆风而行We are designed tomarch against the wind上千年的历史跨度The span ofhundreds of years就是从此岸抵达了彼岸Is just the gapbetween two shores六百年的暮鼓晨钟Morning bell andevening drum last for six hundred years保持着先人们的时间惯性Accordingly,ancestors sensed the passage of time几十年前Decades ago这里的渔民Fishermen dreamedof还在憧憬外面的世界The outside world现在But now它已汇集了半个世界的期待Half of theworld's expectations are focused here【主播介绍】永清：爱旅游，爱分享，爱生活主播，制作|编辑: 永清图片源于网络文字，音乐版权归作者或版权方所有
关注微信公众号：为你读英语美文，查看更完整的图文,背景音乐信息主播：永清坐标：中国【正文】有一些风景Some scenery是我们的想象到达不了的地方is unreachable inour imagination一片叶脉可以绵延数十公里One leaf canstretch dozens of kilometers水和云架起梦中走过的路径Construct the pathin dream with water and cloud我们和高空气流周旋着High up in the skywe tango with air currents创造出一个垂直世界To create aperpendicular world陆地边缘奔腾着生命的律动Life's rhythmgallops on the edge of the land密林深处回荡着古老部落的传说Deep in the woods,it echoes folklore from ancient tribes高山之巅隐藏着上古神兽的踪迹Mountain peakhides traces of Paleozoic beasts俯瞰云下的世界See the world fromabove图形、线条的背后Shapes, lines是上天造物的秘密Behind them liethe Creator's secrets数亿年前Hundreds ofmillions of years ago这里的鱼群和沙子一样多There were as manyfish as there is sand now如果潜到水面之下Diving in thewater会发现我们正在飞越的Is actually flyingover是一座座山顶A row of mountains蓬勃的生命Vigorous life在此周而复始地循环Travels in thelife circle over and over直到山林改写了它的基因密码Until wooded mountainoverwrites its genetic code直到海水更新了它的流浪轨迹Until the searenews its wandering trail我们对这里的生活极尽耐心We have infinitepatience with this land在纤维之上提取智慧的载体Wisdom is born onthe fiber extract在沙漠深处创造生命的能量Life energy iscreated deep in the desert有时候Sometimes日子过得像浮萍Time passes awaylike duckweed fades away有时候Sometimes生活又必须逆风而行We are designed tomarch against the wind上千年的历史跨度The span ofhundreds of years就是从此岸抵达了彼岸Is just the gapbetween two shores六百年的暮鼓晨钟Morning bell andevening drum last for six hundred years保持着先人们的时间惯性Accordingly,ancestors sensed the passage of time几十年前Decades ago这里的渔民Fishermen dreamedof还在憧憬外面的世界The outside world现在But now它已汇集了半个世界的期待Half of theworld's expectations are focused here【主播介绍】永清：爱旅游，爱分享，爱生活主播，制作|编辑: 永清图片源于网络文字，音乐版权归作者或版权方所有
Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler Guest: Trudy Rey Trudy joins the the TWiVlords to discuss new tests for detecting prions in the blood, and evidence showing that foamy retroviruses originated in the seas with their jawed vertebrate hosts at least 450 million years ago. Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Welcome omega tau to MicrobeTV Register for ASV 2017 Oliver Smithies dies Assays for prions in the blood (one, two) Biosafety working on prions (Michigan State) Marine origin of retroviruses in Palaeozoic era (Nature Comm) Cancer Virus by Dorothy Crawford Adenovirus and obesity (Int J Chronic Dis) Image credit Letters read on TWiV 424 Weekly Science Picks Trudy - Artist Jenni Viljaniemi Alan - Radio Garden Dickson - World's First Green Energy Boat Kathy - mSphereDirect video and web Rich - Deathworld Trilogy by Harry Harrison Vincent - Trump's Vaccine Panel (NYTimes), Offit's Response (Daily Beast), ASM Letter Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv
In this episode, we discuss the complex relationship between fungi and earth systems processes through time, focusing on the potential role of fungi in facilitating early terrestrialization and the proposed hypothesis that fungi may (or may not) have been indirectly responsible for the Carboniferous coal swamps. Also, Amanda aggressively segues, Curt derails the conversation into navel gazing about the nature of scientific fields, and James goes on a fascinating journey from Angry to Annoyed finally ending up at Resentfully Happy. "Aces High" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ References: Redecker, Dirk, Robin Kodner, and Linda E. Graham. "Glomalean fungi from the Ordovician." Science 289.5486 (2000): 1920-1921. Heckman, Daniel S., et al. "Molecular evidence for the early colonization of land by fungi and plants." Science 293.5532 (2001): 1129-1133. Lücking, Robert, et al. "Fungi evolved right on track." Mycologia 101.6 (2009): 810-822. Nelsen, Matthew P., et al. "Delayed fungal evolution did not cause the Paleozoic peak in coal production." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2016): 201517943.
Fakultät für Geowissenschaften - Digitale Hochschulschriften der LMU
The Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) is one of the world's largest accretionary orogens, which was active during most of the Paleozoic. In recent years it has again moved into focus of the geological community debating how the acrreted lithospheric elements were geographical arranged and interacting prior and/or during the final amalgamation of Kazakhstania. In principal two families of competing models exist. One possible geodynmaic setting is based on geological evidence that a more or less continuous giant arc connecting Baltica and Siberia in the early Paleozoic was subsequently dissected and buckled. Alternatively an archipelago setting, similar to the present day south west Pacific was proposed. This thesis collates three studies on the paleogeography of the south western part of the CAOB from the early Paleozoic until the latest Paleozoic to earliest Mesozoic. It is shown how fragments of Precambrian to early Paleozoic age are likely to have originated from Gondwana at high southerly paleolatitudes (~500 Ma), which got then accreted during the Ordovician (~460 Ma), before this newly created terrane agglomerate (Kazakhstania) migrated northwards crossing the paleo-equator. During the Devonian and the latest Early Carboniferous (~330 Ma) Kazakhstania occupied a stable position at about ~30°N. At least since this time the area underwent several stages of counterclockwise rotational movements accompanying the final amalgamation of Eurasia (~320 - ~270 Myr). This overall pattern of roughly up to 90° counterclockwise bending was replaced by internal relative rotational movements in the latest Paleozoic, which continued probably until the early Mesozoic or even the Cenozoic. In Chapter 2 a comparison of declination data acquired by a remagnetization process during folding in the Carboniferous and coeval data from Baltica and Siberia lead to a documentation and quantification of rotational movements within the Karatau Mountain Range. Based on this results it is very likely that the rotational reorganization started in the Carboniferous and was active until at least the early Mesozoic. Additionally, the data shows that maximal declination deviation increases going from the Karatau towards the Tianshan Mountains (i.e. from North to South). This observation supports models claiming that Ural mountains, Karatau and Tianshan once formed a straight orogen subsequently bent into a orocline. The hinge of this orocline is probably hidden under the sediments of the Caspian basin. In chapter 3 we show that inclination shallowing has affected the red terrigenous sediments of Carboniferous age from the North Tianshan. The corrected inclination values put this part of the Tianshan in a paleolatitude of around 30°N during Carboniferous times. These results contradict previously published paleopositions of the area and suggest a stable latitudinal position between the Devonian and the Carboniferous. Chapter 4 presents paleomagnetic data from early Paleozoic rocks from within the North Tianshan. They imply a second collisional accretion event of individual terranes in the Ordovician. To further constrain the dimensions of these early Paleozoic terranes, chapter 5 presents a compilation of all available paleomagnetic data from the extended study region of southern Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. Apart from a broad coherence of paleolatitudes of all studies at least since the Ordovician and the exclusive occurrence of counterclockwise declination deviations, no areas with the same rotational history can be detected. Also a clear trend caused by oroclinal bending can not be observed. We conclude that first order counterclockwise oroclinal bending, shown in chapter 2, resulted in brittle deformation within the mountain belt and local block rotations. In order to improve our understanding of intra-continental deformation a study combining the monitoring of recent deformation (Global Positioning System, GPS) with a paleomagnetic study of Cenozoic age in the greater vicinity of the Talas-Ferghana fault has been undertaken in chapter 6. The major task was to distinguish between continuous versus brittle deformation. As it turned out the GPS signal indicates rather continuous and consistent counterclockwise rotational movements of the order of ~2° per Myr. This is in contrast to our paleomagnetic results, where even within fault bounded areas the error intervals of the rotations do always overlap. This indicates that a pure block model seems not appropriate even to explain Cenozoic paleomagnetic data. If this means that also Paleozoic rocks have been affected by complex recent deformation, and that the Paleozoic rotational pattern has been obscured by this, can not be decided based on the present data set. It means, however, that interpreting Paleozoic rotational data from this area has to be done with great caution.
Brachiopods are some of the most common fossils to be found in rocks worldwide. Their thick, hard and (often) calcareous shells make them preferentially preserved in the fossil record. We probably all have found one, but how many of us overlooked them at the time? What can a brachiopod tell us? How big a role have they played throughout geological time? In this second part of a two-part episode we continue our interview with Prof. Lars Holmer, University Uppsala, Sweden, all about the humble brachiopod.
Brachiopods are some of the most common fossils to be found in rocks worldwide. Their thick, hard and (often) calcareous shells make them preferentially preserved in the fossil record. We probably all have found one, but how many of us overlooked them at the time? What can a brachiopod tell us? How big a role have they played throughout geological time? In this two-part episode we speak to Prof. Lars Holmer, University Uppsala, Sweden, all about the humble brachiopod.
The Marine-Life Era on Urantia (672.1) 59:0.1 WE RECKON the history of Urantia as beginning about one billion years ago and extending through five major eras: (672.2) 59:0.2 1. The prelife era extends over the initial four hundred and fifty million years, from about the time the planet attained its present size to the time of life establishment. Your students have designated this period as the Archeozoic. (672.3) 59:0.3 2. The life-dawn era extends over the next one hundred and fifty million years. This epoch intervenes between the preceding prelife or cataclysmic age and the following period of more highly developed marine life. This era is known to your researchers as the Proterozoic. (672.4) 59:0.4 3. The marine-life era covers the next two hundred and fifty million years and is best known to you as the Paleozoic. (672.5) 59:0.5 4. The early land-life era extends over the next one hundred million years and is known as the Mesozoic. (672.6) 59:0.6 5. The mammalian era occupies the last fifty million years. This recent-times era is known as the Cenozoic. (672.7) 59:0.7 The marine-life era thus covers about one quarter of your planetary history. It may be subdivided into six long periods, each characterized by certain well-defined developments in both the geologic realms and the biologic domains. (672.8) 59:0.8 As this era begins, the sea bottoms, the extensive continental shelves, and the numerous shallow near-shore basins are covered with prolific vegetation. The more simple and primitive forms of animal life have already developed from preceding vegetable organisms, and the early animal organisms have gradually made their way along the extensive coast lines of the various land masses until the many inland seas are teeming with primitive marine life. Since so few of these early organisms had shells, not many have been preserved as fossils. Nevertheless the stage is set for the opening chapters of that great “stone book” of the life-record preservation which was so methodically laid down during the succeeding ages. (672.9) 59:0.9 The continent of North America is wonderfully rich in the fossil-bearing deposits of the entire marine-life era. The very first and oldest layers are separated from the later strata of the preceding period by extensive erosion deposits which clearly segregate these two stages of planetary development. 1. Early Marine Life in the Shallow Seas The Trilobite Age (673.1) 59:1.1 By the dawn of this period of relative quiet on the earth’s surface, life is confined to the various inland seas and the oceanic shore line; as yet no form of land organism has evolved. Primitive marine animals are well established and are prepared for the next evolutionary development. Amebas are typical survivors of this initial stage of animal life, having made their appearance toward the close of the preceding transition period.* (673.2) 59:1.2 400,000,000 years ago marine life, both vegetable and animal, is fairly well distributed over the whole world. The world climate grows slightly warmer and becomes more equable. There is a general inundation of the seashores of the various continents, particularly of North and South America. New oceans appear, and the older bodies of water are greatly enlarged. (673.3) 59:1.3 Vegetation now for the first time crawls out upon the land and soon makes considerable progress in adaptation to a nonmarine habitat. (673.4) 59:1.4 Suddenly and without gradation ancestry the first multicellular animals make their appearance. The trilobites have evolved, and for ages they dominate the seas. From the standpoint of marine life this is the trilobite age. (673.5) 59:1.5 In the later portion of this time segment much of North America and Europe emerged from the sea. The crust of the earth was temporarily stabilized; mountains, or rather high elevations of land, rose along the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, over the West Indies, and in southern Europe. The entire Caribbean region was highly elevated. (673.6) 59:1.6 390,000,000 years ago the land was still elevated. Over parts of eastern and western America and western Europe may be found the stone strata laid down during these times, and these are the oldest rocks which contain trilobite fossils. There were many long fingerlike gulfs projecting into the land masses in which were deposited these fossil-bearing rocks. (673.7) 59:1.7 Within a few million years the Pacific Ocean began to invade the American continents. The sinking of the land was principally due to crustal adjustment, although the lateral land spread, or continental creep, was also a factor. (673.8) 59:1.8 380,000,000 years ago Asia was subsiding, and all other continents were experiencing a short-lived emergence. But as this epoch progressed, the newly appearing Atlantic Ocean made extensive inroads on all adjacent coast lines. The northern Atlantic or Arctic seas were then connected with the southern Gulf waters. When this southern sea entered the Appalachian trough, its waves broke upon the east against mountains as high as the Alps, but in general the continents were uninteresting lowlands, utterly devoid of scenic beauty. (673.9) 59:1.9 The sedimentary deposits of these ages are of four sorts: (673.10) 59:1.10 1. Conglomerates — matter deposited near the shore lines. (673.11) 59:1.11 2. Sandstones — deposits made in shallow water but where the waves were sufficient to prevent mud settling. (673.12) 59:1.12 3. Shales — deposits made in the deeper and more quiet water. (673.13) 59:1.13 4. Limestone — including the deposits of trilobite shells in deep water. (673.14) 59:1.14 The trilobite fossils of these times present certain basic uniformities coupled with certain well-marked variations. The early animals developing from the three original life implantations were characteristic; those appearing in the Western Hemisphere were slightly different from those of the Eurasian group and from the Australasian or Australian-Antarctic type. (674.1) 59:1.15 370,000,000 years ago the great and almost total submergence of North and South America occurred, followed by the sinking of Africa and Australia. Only certain parts of North America remained above these shallow Cambrian seas. Five million years later the seas were retreating before the rising land. And all of these phenomena of land sinking and land rising were undramatic, taking place slowly over millions of years. (674.2) 59:1.16 The trilobite fossil-bearing strata of this epoch outcrop here and there throughout all the continents except in central Asia. In many regions these rocks are horizontal, but in the mountains they are tilted and distorted because of pressure and folding. And such pressure has, in many places, changed the original character of these deposits. Sandstone has been turned into quartz, shale has been changed to slate, while limestone has been converted into marble. (674.3) 59:1.17 360,000,000 years ago the land was still rising. North and South America were well up. Western Europe and the British Isles were emerging, except parts of Wales, which were deeply submerged. There were no great ice sheets during these ages. The supposed glacial deposits appearing in connection with these strata in Europe, Africa, China, and Australia are due to isolated mountain glaciers or to the displacement of glacial debris of later origin. The world climate was oceanic, not continental. The southern seas were warmer then than now, and they extended northward over North America up to the polar regions. The Gulf Stream coursed over the central portion of North America, being deflected eastward to bathe and warm the shores of Greenland, making that now ice-mantled continent a veritable tropic paradise.* (674.4) 59:1.18 The marine life was much alike the world over and consisted of the seaweeds, one-celled organisms, simple sponges, trilobites, and other crustaceans — shrimps, crabs, and lobsters. Three thousand varieties of brachiopods appeared at the close of this period, only two hundred of which have survived. These animals represent a variety of early life which has come down to the present time practically unchanged. (674.5) 59:1.19 But the trilobites were the dominant living creatures. They were sexed animals and existed in many forms; being poor swimmers, they sluggishly floated in the water or crawled along the sea bottoms, curling up in self-protection when attacked by their later appearing enemies. They grew in length from two inches to one foot and developed into four distinct groups: carnivorous, herbivorous, omnivorous, and “mud eaters.” The ability of the latter group largely to subsist on inorganic matter — being the last multicelled animal that could — explains their great increase and long survival. (674.6) 59:1.20 This was the biogeologic picture of Urantia at the end of that long period of the world’s history, embracing fifty million years, designated by your geologists as the Cambrian. 2. The First Continental Flood Stage The Invertebrate-Animal Age (674.7) 59:2.1 The periodic phenomena of land elevation and land sinking characteristic of these times were all gradual and nonspectacular, being accompanied by little or no volcanic action. Throughout all of these successive land elevations and depressions the Asiatic mother continent did not fully share the history of the other land bodies. It experienced many inundations, dipping first in one direction and then another, more particularly in its earlier history, but it does not present the uniform rock deposits which may be discovered on the other continents. In recent ages Asia has been the most stable of all the land masses. (675.1) 59:2.2 350,000,000 years ago saw the beginning of the great flood period of all the continents except central Asia. The land masses were repeatedly covered with water; only the coastal highlands remained above these shallow but widespread oscillatory inland seas. Three major inundations characterized this period, but before it ended, the continents again arose, the total land emergence being fifteen per cent greater than now exists. The Caribbean region was highly elevated. This period is not well marked off in Europe because the land fluctuations were less, while the volcanic action was more persistent. (675.2) 59:2.3 340,000,000 years ago there occurred another extensive land sinking except in Asia and Australia. The waters of the world’s oceans were generally commingled. This was a great limestone age, much of its stone being laid down by lime-secreting algae. (675.3) 59:2.4 A few million years later large portions of the American continents and Europe began to emerge from the water. In the Western Hemisphere only an arm of the Pacific Ocean remained over Mexico and the present Rocky Mountain regions, but near the close of this epoch the Atlantic and Pacific coasts again began to sink. (675.4) 59:2.5 330,000,000 years ago marks the beginning of a time sector of comparative quiet all over the world, with much land again above water. The only exception to this reign of terrestrial quiet was the eruption of the great North American volcano of eastern Kentucky, one of the greatest single volcanic activities the world has ever known. The ashes of this volcano covered five hundred square miles to a depth of from fifteen to twenty feet. (675.5) 59:2.6 320,000,000 years ago the third major flood of this period occurred. The waters of this inundation covered all the land submerged by the preceding deluge, while extending farther in many directions all over the Americas and Europe. Eastern North America and western Europe were from 10,000 to 15,000 feet under water. (675.6) 59:2.7 310,000,000 years ago the land masses of the world were again well up excepting the southern parts of North America. Mexico emerged, thus creating the Gulf Sea, which has ever since maintained its identity. (675.7) 59:2.8 The life of this period continues to evolve. The world is once again quiet and relatively peaceful; the climate remains mild and equable; the land plants are migrating farther and farther from the seashores. The life patterns are well developed, although few plant fossils of these times are to be found. (675.8) 59:2.9 This was the great age of individual animal organismal evolution, though many of the basic changes, such as the transition from plant to animal, had previously occurred. The marine fauna developed to the point where every type of life below the vertebrate scale was represented in the fossils of those rocks which were laid down during these times. But all of these animals were marine organisms. No land animals had yet appeared except a few types of worms which burrowed along the seashores, nor had the land plants yet overspread the continents; there was still too much carbon dioxide in the air to permit of the existence of air breathers. Primarily, all animals except certain of the more primitive ones are directly or indirectly dependent on plant life for their existence. (676.1) 59:2.10 The trilobites were still prominent. These little animals existed in tens of thousands of patterns and were the predecessors of modern crustaceans. Some of the trilobites had from twenty-five to four thousand tiny eyelets; others had aborted eyes. As this period closed, the trilobites shared domination of the seas with several other forms of invertebrate life. But they utterly perished during the beginning of the next period. (676.2) 59:2.11 Lime-secreting algae were widespread. There existed thousands of species of the early ancestors of the corals. Sea worms were abundant, and there were many varieties of jellyfish which have since become extinct. Corals and the later types of sponges evolved. The cephalopods were well developed, and they have survived as the modern pearly nautilus, octopus, cuttlefish, and squid. (676.3) 59:2.12 There were many varieties of shell animals, but their shells were not then so much needed for defensive purposes as in subsequent ages. The gastropods were present in the waters of the ancient seas, and they included single-shelled drills, periwinkles, and snails. The bivalve gastropods have come on down through the intervening millions of years much as they then existed and embrace the mussels, clams, oysters, and scallops. The valve-shelled organisms also evolved, and these brachiopods lived in those ancient waters much as they exist today; they even had hinged, notched, and other sorts of protective arrangements of their valves.* (676.4) 59:2.13 So ends the evolutionary story of the second great period of marine life, which is known to your geologists as the Ordovician. 3. The Second Great Flood Stage The Coral Period — The Brachiopod Age (676.5) 59:3.1 300,000,000 years ago another great period of land submergence began. The southward and northward encroachment of the ancient Silurian seas made ready to engulf most of Europe and North America. The land was not elevated far above the sea so that not much deposition occurred about the shore lines. The seas teemed with lime-shelled life, and the falling of these shells to the sea bottom gradually built up very thick layers of limestone. This is the first widespread limestone deposit, and it covers practically all of Europe and North America but only appears at the earth’s surface in a few places. The thickness of this ancient rock layer averages about one thousand feet, but many of these deposits have since been greatly deformed by tilting, upheavals, and faulting, and many have been changed to quartz, shale, and marble. (676.6) 59:3.2 No fire rocks or lava are found in the stone layers of this period except those of the great volcanoes of southern Europe and eastern Maine and the lava flows of Quebec. Volcanic action was largely past. This was the height of great water deposition; there was little or no mountain building. (676.7) 59:3.3 290,000,000 years ago the sea had largely withdrawn from the continents, and the bottoms of the surrounding oceans were sinking. The land masses were little changed until they were again submerged. The early mountain movements of all the continents were beginning, and the greatest of these crustal upheavals were the Himalayas of Asia and the great Caledonian Mountains, extending from Ireland through Scotland and on to Spitzbergen. (677.1) 59:3.4 It is in the deposits of this age that much of the gas, oil, zinc, and lead are found, the gas and oil being derived from the enormous collections of vegetable and animal matter carried down at the time of the previous land submergence, while the mineral deposits represent the sedimentation of sluggish bodies of water. Many of the rock salt deposits belong to this period. (677.2) 59:3.5 The trilobites rapidly declined, and the center of the stage was occupied by the larger mollusks, or cephalopods. These animals grew to be fifteen feet long and one foot in diameter and became masters of the seas. This species of animal appeared suddenly and assumed dominance of sea life. (677.3) 59:3.6 The great volcanic activity of this age was in the European sector. Not in millions upon millions of years had such violent and extensive volcanic eruptions occurred as now took place around the Mediterranean trough and especially in the neighborhood of the British Isles. This lava flow over the British Isles region today appears as alternate layers of lava and rock 25,000 feet thick. These rocks were laid down by the intermittent lava flows which spread out over a shallow sea bed, thus interspersing the rock deposits, and all of this was subsequently elevated high above the sea. Violent earthquakes took place in northern Europe, notably in Scotland. (677.4) 59:3.7 The oceanic climate remained mild and uniform, and the warm seas bathed the shores of the polar lands. Brachiopod and other marine-life fossils may be found in these deposits right up to the North Pole. Gastropods, brachiopods, sponges, and reef-making corals continued to increase. (677.5) 59:3.8 The close of this epoch witnesses the second advance of the Silurian seas with another commingling of the waters of the southern and northern oceans. The cephalopods dominate marine life, while associated forms of life progressively develop and differentiate. (677.6) 59:3.9 280,000,000 years ago the continents had largely emerged from the second Silurian inundation. The rock deposits of this submergence are known in North America as Niagara limestone because this is the stratum of rock over which Niagara Falls now flows. This layer of rock extends from the eastern mountains to the Mississippi valley region but not farther west except to the south. Several layers extend over Canada, portions of South America, Australia, and most of Europe, the average thickness of this Niagara series being about six hundred feet. Immediately overlying the Niagara deposit, in many regions may be found a collection of conglomerate, shale, and rock salt. This is the accumulation of secondary subsidences. This salt settled in great lagoons which were alternately opened up to the sea and then cut off so that evaporation occurred with deposition of salt along with other matter held in solution. In some regions these rock salt beds are seventy feet thick. (677.7) 59:3.10 The climate is even and mild, and marine fossils are laid down in the arctic regions. But by the end of this epoch the seas are so excessively salty that little life survives. (677.8) 59:3.11 Toward the close of the final Silurian submergence there is a great increase in the echinoderms — the stone lilies — as is evidenced by the crinoid limestone deposits. The trilobites have nearly disappeared, and the mollusks continue monarchs of the seas; coral-reef formation increases greatly. During this age, in the more favorable locations the primitive water scorpions first evolve. Soon thereafter, and suddenly, the true scorpions — actual air breathers — make their appearance. (678.1) 59:3.12 These developments terminate the third marine-life period, covering twenty-five million years and known to your researchers as the Silurian. 4. The Great Land-Emergence Stage The Vegetative Land-Life Period The Age of Fishes (678.2) 59:4.1 In the agelong struggle between land and water, for long periods the sea has been comparatively victorious, but times of land victory are just ahead. And the continental drifts have not proceeded so far but that, at times, practically all of the land of the world is connected by slender isthmuses and narrow land bridges. (678.3) 59:4.2 As the land emerges from the last Silurian inundation, an important period in world development and life evolution comes to an end. It is the dawn of a new age on earth. The naked and unattractive landscape of former times is becoming clothed with luxuriant verdure, and the first magnificent forests will soon appear. (678.4) 59:4.3 The marine life of this age was very diverse due to the early species segregation, but later on there was free commingling and association of all these different types. The brachiopods early reached their climax, being succeeded by the arthropods, and barnacles made their first appearance. But the greatest event of all was the sudden appearance of the fish family. This became the age of fishes, that period of the world’s history characterized by the vertebrate type of animal. (678.5) 59:4.4 270,000,000 years ago the continents were all above water. In millions upon millions of years not so much land had been above water at one time; it was one of the greatest land-emergence epochs in all world history. (678.6) 59:4.5 Five million years later the land areas of North and South America, Europe, Africa, northern Asia, and Australia were briefly inundated, in North America the submergence at one time or another being almost complete; and the resulting limestone layers run from 500 to 5,000 feet in thickness. These various Devonian seas extended first in one direction and then in another so that the immense arctic North American inland sea found an outlet to the Pacific Ocean through northern California. (678.7) 59:4.6 260,000,000 years ago, toward the end of this land-depression epoch, North America was partially overspread by seas having simultaneous connection with the Pacific, Atlantic, Arctic, and Gulf waters. The deposits of these later stages of the first Devonian flood average about one thousand feet in thickness. The coral reefs characterizing these times indicate that the inland seas were clear and shallow. Such coral deposits are exposed in the banks of the Ohio River near Louisville, Kentucky, and are about one hundred feet thick, embracing more than two hundred varieties. These coral formations extend through Canada and northern Europe to the arctic regions. (678.8) 59:4.7 Following these submergences, many of the shore lines were considerably elevated so that the earlier deposits were covered by mud or shale. There is also a red sandstone stratum which characterizes one of the Devonian sedimentations, and this red layer extends over much of the earth’s surface, being found in North and South America, Europe, Russia, China, Africa, and Australia. Such red deposits are suggestive of arid or semiarid conditions, but the climate of this epoch was still mild and even. (679.1) 59:4.8 Throughout all of this period the land southeast of the Cincinnati Island remained well above water. But very much of western Europe, including the British Isles, was submerged. In Wales, Germany, and other places in Europe the Devonian rocks are 20,000 feet thick. (679.2) 59:4.9 250,000,000 years ago witnessed the appearance of the fish family, the vertebrates, one of the most important steps in all prehuman evolution. (679.3) 59:4.10 The arthropods, or crustaceans, were the ancestors of the first vertebrates. The forerunners of the fish family were two modified arthropod ancestors; one had a long body connecting a head and tail, while the other was a backboneless, jawless prefish. But these preliminary types were quickly destroyed when the fishes, the first vertebrates of the animal world, made their sudden appearance from the north. (679.4) 59:4.11 Many of the largest true fish belong to this age, some of the teeth-bearing varieties being twenty-five to thirty feet long; the present-day sharks are the survivors of these ancient fishes. The lung and armored fishes reached their evolutionary apex, and before this epoch had ended, fishes had adapted to both fresh and salt waters. (679.5) 59:4.12 Veritable bone beds of fish teeth and skeletons may be found in the deposits laid down toward the close of this period, and rich fossil beds are situated along the coast of California since many sheltered bays of the Pacific Ocean extended into the land of that region. (679.6) 59:4.13 The earth was being rapidly overrun by the new orders of land vegetation. Heretofore few plants grew on land except about the water’s edge. Now, and suddenly, the prolific fern family appeared and quickly spread over the face of the rapidly rising land in all parts of the world. Tree types, two feet thick and forty feet high, soon developed; later on, leaves evolved, but these early varieties had only rudimentary foliage. There were many smaller plants, but their fossils are not found since they were usually destroyed by the still earlier appearing bacteria. (679.7) 59:4.14 As the land rose, North America became connected with Europe by land bridges extending to Greenland. And today Greenland holds the remains of these early land plants beneath its mantle of ice. (679.8) 59:4.15 240,000,000 years ago the land over parts of both Europe and North and South America began to sink. This subsidence marked the appearance of the last and least extensive of the Devonian floods. The arctic seas again moved southward over much of North America, the Atlantic inundated a large part of Europe and western Asia, while the southern Pacific covered most of India. This inundation was slow in appearing and equally slow in retreating. The Catskill Mountains along the west bank of the Hudson River are one of the largest geologic monuments of this epoch to be found on the surface of North America. (679.9) 59:4.16 230,000,000 years ago the seas were continuing their retreat. Much of North America was above water, and great volcanic activity occurred in the St. Lawrence region. Mount Royal, at Montreal, is the eroded neck of one of these volcanoes. The deposits of this entire epoch are well shown in the Appalachian Mountains of North America where the Susquehanna River has cut a valley exposing these successive layers, which attained a thickness of over 13,000 feet. (680.1) 59:4.17 The elevation of the continents proceeded, and the atmosphere was becoming enriched with oxygen. The earth was overspread by vast forests of ferns one hundred feet high and by the peculiar trees of those days, silent forests; not a sound was heard, not even the rustle of a leaf, for such trees had no leaves. (680.2) 59:4.18 And thus drew to a close one of the longest periods of marine-life evolution, the age of fishes. This period of the world’s history lasted almost fifty million years; it has become known to your researchers as the Devonian. 5. The Crustal-Shifting Stage The Fern-Forest Carboniferous Period The Age of Frogs (680.3) 59:5.1 The appearance of fish during the preceding period marks the apex of marine-life evolution. From this point onward the evolution of land life becomes increasingly important. And this period opens with the stage almost ideally set for the appearance of the first land animals. (680.4) 59:5.2 220,000,000 years ago many of the continental land areas, including most of North America, were above water. The land was overrun by luxurious vegetation; this was indeed the age of ferns. Carbon dioxide was still present in the atmosphere but in lessening degree. (680.5) 59:5.3 Shortly thereafter the central portion of North America was inundated, creating two great inland seas. Both the Atlantic and Pacific coastal highlands were situated just beyond the present shore lines. These two seas presently united, commingling their different forms of life, and the union of these marine fauna marked the beginning of the rapid and world-wide decline in marine life and the opening of the subsequent land-life period. (680.6) 59:5.4 210,000,000 years ago the warm-water arctic seas covered most of North America and Europe. The south polar waters inundated South America and Australia, while both Africa and Asia were highly elevated. (680.7) 59:5.5 When the seas were at their height, a new evolutionary development suddenly occurred. Abruptly, the first of the land animals appeared. There were numerous species of these animals that were able to live on land or in water. These air-breathing amphibians developed from the arthropods, whose swim bladders had evolved into lungs. (680.8) 59:5.6 From the briny waters of the seas there crawled out upon the land snails, scorpions, and frogs. Today frogs still lay their eggs in water, and their young first exist as little fishes, tadpoles. This period could well be known as the age of frogs. (680.9) 59:5.7 Very soon thereafter the insects first appeared and, together with spiders, scorpions, cockroaches, crickets, and locusts, soon overspread the continents of the world. Dragon flies measured thirty inches across. One thousand species of cockroaches developed, and some grew to be four inches long. (680.10) 59:5.8 Two groups of echinoderms became especially well developed, and they are in reality the guide fossils of this epoch. The large shell-feeding sharks were also highly evolved, and for more than five million years they dominated the oceans. The climate was still mild and equable; the marine life was little changed. Fresh-water fish were developing and the trilobites were nearing extinction. Corals were scarce, and much of the limestone was being made by the crinoids. The finer building limestones were laid down during this epoch. (681.1) 59:5.9 The waters of many of the inland seas were so heavily charged with lime and other minerals as greatly to interfere with the progress and development of many marine species. Eventually the seas cleared up as the result of an extensive stone deposit, in some places containing zinc and lead. (681.2) 59:5.10 The deposits of this early Carboniferous age are from 500 to 2,000 feet thick, consisting of sandstone, shale, and limestone. The oldest strata yield the fossils of both land and marine animals and plants, along with much gravel and basin sediments. Little workable coal is found in these older strata. These depositions throughout Europe are very similar to those laid down over North America. (681.3) 59:5.11 Toward the close of this epoch the land of North America began to rise. There was a short interruption, and the sea returned to cover about half of its previous beds. This was a short inundation, and most of the land was soon well above water. South America was still connected with Europe by way of Africa. (681.4) 59:5.12 This epoch witnessed the beginning of the Vosges, Black Forest, and Ural mountains. Stumps of other and older mountains are to be found all over Great Britain and Europe. (681.5) 59:5.13 200,000,000 years ago the really active stages of the Carboniferous period began. For twenty million years prior to this time the earlier coal deposits were being laid down, but now the more extensive coal-formation activities were in process. The length of the actual coal-deposition epoch was a little over twenty-five million years. (681.6) 59:5.14 The land was periodically going up and down due to the shifting sea level occasioned by activities on the ocean bottoms. This crustal uneasiness — the settling and rising of the land — in connection with the prolific vegetation of the coastal swamps, contributed to the production of extensive coal deposits, which have caused this period to be known as the Carboniferous. And the climate was still mild the world over. (681.7) 59:5.15 The coal layers alternate with shale, stone, and conglomerate. These coal beds over central and eastern United States vary in thickness from forty to fifty feet. But many of these deposits were washed away during subsequent land elevations. In some parts of North America and Europe the coal-bearing strata are 18,000 feet in thickness. (681.8) 59:5.16 The presence of roots of trees as they grew in the
As Palaeocast celebrates it's 1st Birthday, we take the chance to look back over the past year and review our highlights. We also look towards the future and discuss our plans to attend some upcoming palaeontology conferences. We introduce a new member of the Palaeocast team and hear a little about the scientific work of all our members.
The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event, or 'GOBE', describes one of the most important increases in biodiversity in the history of life on earth. During a relatively short time span of some 25 million years, an explosion of new species, genera and families appeared. This increase in diversity was accompanied by an increase in ecosystem complexity. Plankton and suspension feeding organisms rapidly diversified and became important constituents of the food web. At the same time, large predators, such as the orthoconic nautiloids, evolved to exploit them. This biodiversity 'explosion' coincided with a dynamic period in earth's history during which continents were shifting, mountains were raised and massive volcanism occurred. Joining us to try and untangle the causes and consequences of this complex and fascinating period is Prof. David Harper of Durham University, UK.
Trilobites are one of the most instantly recognisable groups of fossils. They were present from the very start of the Paleozoic and went on the fill a great number of ecological roles before going extinct at the Permo-Triassic mass extinction event 252 million years ago. They ranged from the very small to the very large, from the most basic appearance to the most elaborately ornamented. We were lucky enough to get the opportunity to speak to Prof. Richard Fortey of the Natural History Museum, London, all about trilobite morphology and ecology.
Fossils, at the best of times, are difficult to interpret. Palaeontologists attempt to reconstruct organisms from what little remains are left. This can be relatively simple for groups that we are familiar with today; you can easily make comparisons between a fossil lobster and a living one. But how do you interpret a fossil that has no modern counterpart and is not clearly related to any other organism? We speak to Dr Jakob Vinther of the University of Bristol about his experience of interpreting some of the oldest and most cryptic specimens in the fossil record. We look at molluscs, worms, worm-like molluscs and mollusc-like worms.
Where would you go to study the late Paleozoic ice age? Bill DiMichele of the National Museum of Natural History’s Department of Paleobiology goes deep into an Illinois coal mine to study plant fossils dating back to our planet’s last Ice Age. Learn how a coal deposit drew a map of ancient river vegetation and gives us clues about climatic thresholds.
Volume: v.33:no.24 (1977)By: Taylor, Katherine - Adamec, Thomas, , joint authorPublication Details: Chicago :Field Museum of Natural History,1977.Contributed By: University Library, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign
Fakultät für Geowissenschaften - Digitale Hochschulschriften der LMU
Although remote sensing has been widely used in geological investigations, the lithological classification of the area interested, based on medium-spatial and spectral resolution satellite data, is often not successful because of the complicated geological situation and other factors like inadequate methodology applied and wrong geological models. The study area of the present thesis is located in southwest of the Prieska sub-basin, Transvaal Supergroup, South Africa. This area includes mainly Neoarchean and Proterozoic sedimentary rocks partly uncomfortably covered by uppermost Paleozoic and lower Mesozoic rocks and Tertiary to recent soils and sands. The Precambrian rocks include various formations of volcanic and intrusive rocks, quartzites, shales, platform carbonates and Banded Iron Formations (BIF). The younger rocks and soils include dikes and shales, glacial sedimentary rocks, coarser siliciclastic rocks, calcretes, aeolian and fluvial sands, etc. Prospect activity for mineral deposits necessitates the detailed geological map (1:100000) of the area. In this research, a new rule-based classification system (RBS) was put forward, integrating spectral characteristics, textural features and ancillary data, such as general geological map (1:250000) and elevation data, in order to improve the lithological classification accuracy and the subsequent mapping accuracy in the study area. The proposed technique was mainly based on Landsat TM data and ASTER data with medium resolution. As ancillary data sets, topographic maps and general geological map were also available. Software like ERDAS©, Matlab©, and ArcGIS© supported the procedures of classification and mapping. The newly developed classification technique was performed by three steps. Firstly, the geographic and atmospheric correction was performed on the original TM and ASTER data, following the principal component analysis (PCA) and band ratioing, to enhance the images and to obtain data sets like principal components (PCs) and ratio bands. Traditional maximum-likelihood supervised classification (MLC) was performed individually on enhanced multispectral image and principal components image (PCs-image). For TM data, the classification accuracy based on PCs-image was higher than that based on multispectral image. For ASTER data, the classification accuracy of PCs- image was close to but lower, than that of multispectral image. As one of the encountered Banded Iron Formations, the Griquatown Banded Iron Formation (G-BIF) was recognized well in TM-principal components image (PCs-image). In the second step, textural features of different lithological types based on TM data were analyzed. Grey level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) based textural features were computed individually from band 5 and the first principal component (PC1) of TM data. Geostatistics-based textural features were computed individually from the 6 TM multispectral bands and 3 principal components (PC1, PC2 and PC3). These two kinds of textural features were individually stacked as extra layers together with the original 6 multispectral bands and the 6 principal components to form several new data sets. Ratio bands were also individually stacked as extra layers with 6 multispectral bands and 6 principal components, to form other new data sets. In the same way new data sets were formed based on ASTER data. Then, all of the new data sets were individually classified using a maximum likelihood supervised classification (MLC), to produce several classified thematic images. The classification accuracy based on the new data sets are higher than that solely based on the spectral characteristics of original TM and ASTER data. It should be noticed that for one specific rock type, the class value in all classified images should correspond to its identified (ID) value in digital geological map. The third step was to perform the rule-based system (RBS) classification. In the first part of the RBS, two classified images were analyzed and compared. The analysis was based on the classification results in the first step, and the elevation data detracted from the topographic map. In comparison, the pixels with high possibility of being classified correctly (consistent pixels) and the pixels with high possibility of being misclassified (inconsistent pixels) were separately marked. In the second part of the RBS, the class values of consistent pixels were kept unchanged, and the class values of inconsistent pixels were replaced by their values in digital geological map (1:250000). Compared to the results solely based on spectral characteristics of TM data (54.3%) and ASTER data (66.41%), the new RBS classification improved the accuracy (83.2%) significantly. Based on the classification results, the detailed lithological map (1:100000) of the study area was edited. Photo-lineaments were interpreted from multi data source (MDS), including enhanced satellite images, slope images, shaded relief images and drainage maps. The interpreted lineaments were compared to those, digitized from general geological map and followed by a simple lineament analysis compared to published literatures. The results show the individual merits of lineament detection from MDS and general geological map. A final lineament map (1:100000) was obtained by integrating all the information. Ground check field work was carried out in 2009, to verify the classification and mapping, and the results were subsequently incorporated into the mapping and the classification procedures. Finally, a GIS-based detailed geological map (1:100000) of the study area was obtained, compiling the newly gained information from the performed classification and lineament analysis, from the field work and from published and available unpublished detailed geological maps. The here developed methods are proposed to be used for generation of new, detailed geological maps or updates of existent general geological maps by implementing the latest satellite images and all available ancillary data sets. Although final ground check field work is irreplaceable by remote sensing, the here presented research demonstrates the great potential and future prospects in lithological classification and geological mapping, for mineral exploration.
Fakultät für Biologie - Digitale Hochschulschriften der LMU - Teil 03/06
Mon, 1 Mar 2010 12:00:00 +0100 https://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11431/ https://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11431/1/Dotzler_Nora.pdf Dotzler, Nora ddc:570, ddc:500, Fakultät für Biologie
Fakultät für Geowissenschaften - Digitale Hochschulschriften der LMU
Der Norden Eurasiens besteht aus einer Vielzahl kontinentaler Blöcke (Baltika, Europa, Sibirien, Kasachstan, Turan und Tarim), die während des Karbons und Perms kollidierten. Der paläozoische Kontinent Kasachstan befindet sich im Zentrum dieses Agglomerats. Erkenntnisse zur tektonischen Entwicklung dieses Gebiets sind von großer Bedeutung für die Interpretation der geologischen Geschichte Eurasiens. Bei der Interpretation der paläozoischen Geschichte Kasachstans treten jedoch Komplikationen auf und regionale geodynamische Modelle stehen oft schon bei grundlegenden Annahmen im Widerspruch zueinander [Zaitsev, 1984; Zonenshain, et al., 1990; Mossakovskiy et al. 1993; Sengör et al. 1993]. Prinzipielle Streitpunkte treten vor allem bei folgenden Punkten auf: (a) Der Eingrenzung und Identifikation eigenständiger Terranes, die heute in Kasachstan integriert sind; (b) Der Rekonstruktion von Driftbewegungen der einzelnen Terranes, bzw. des gesamten kasachischen Kontinents; (c) der nach der primären Geometrie des paläozoischen gefalteten Gürtels, der heute als riesige gebogene Struktur (Orokline) die Tektonik Kasachstans dominiert. Eine Klärung existierender Ungereimtheiten ist hauptsächlich durch die geringe Anzahl qualitativ hochwertiger paläomagnetischer Daten aus Kasachstan erschwert. Entsprechend wurden paläomagnetische Untersuchungen, basierend auf oben genannten offenen Fragen, in Südkasachstan durchgeführt. Gesteine des Unteren Ordoviziums bis Karbons mit ausgezeichneten Faltenstrukturen und guter biostratigraphischer Alterskontrolle wurden beprobt. Insgesamt 16 Lokalitäten (187 Aufschlüsse. 1100 Proben) unterschiedlichen Alters und Lithologie wurden untersucht. Magnetische Komponenten, die vor der Faltung erworben wurden, wurden im unteren Ordovizium (unteres Arenigian), Silur, unteren bis mittleren Devon und im unteren Karbon nachgewiesen. Die paläomagnetische Daten für Redbeds des unteren Arenigian (D= 9.2°, I=-16.9°, k=26.9, a95=15.0°) sind erste und bisher einzige Richtungen, die überhaupt für die Zeit, als die allochthonen Terranes noch getrennt voneinander existierten, ermittelt wurden. Richtungen des „South-Chu-Yili“ Gebirges (Silur bis unteres Devon, D = 346.9°, I=23.8°) zeigen nördliche Deklinationen und positive Inklinationen. Daraus resultiert bei angenommener normaler Polarität eine nördliche Paläobreite von etwa 12.4° ± 7.7°. Das erstaunlichste Ergebnis dieser Studie liefert die Koktas Formation (unteres Devon, D= 357.3°, I=+75.8°), bei welcher die paläomagnetischen Richtungen signifikant von den Referenzrichtungen für Baltika und Sibirien abweichen. Die ermittelte nördliche Paläobreite von 64° übersteigt alle für das Paläozoikum erwarteten Werte. Die Remanenzkomponente aus Redbeds des Kendyktas Rückens (oberes Devon – unteres Karbon, D=069.5°, I=+43.7°, k=26.7, a95=9.5°) resultiert in einer Paläobreite von etwa 21.8° ± 5.9° N. Die Daten dieser Studie sowie Veröffentlichungen vergangener Jahre lassen keine Rückschlüsse auf bedeutende Unterschiede bei den Paläobreiten Nord- und Südkasachstans seit dem mittleren Ordovizium zu. Allerdings weisen die Mehrzahl der paläomagnetischen Daten darauf hin, dass sowohl Süd- als auch Nordkasachstan während des Paläozoikums wahrscheinlich etwas weiter im Norden, bzw. etwas weiter im Süden positioniert waren als erwartungsgemäß als Teil Baltikas, bzw. Sibiriens. Während des Ordoviziums bis Perms driftete Kasachstan mit einer zur Bewegung Baltikas und Sibiriens vergleichbaren Geschwindigkeit Richtung Norden. Die Verteilung kasachischer Richtungen deutet mehrere Phasen magnetischer Überprägung mit signifikanter regionaler Ausbreitung an. Eine in Baltika sehr verbreitet auftretende permische Überprägung spielt dabei nur eine untergeordnete Rolle. Die in Südkasachstan nachgewiesenen Rotationen können nicht mit dem tektonischen Modell zur Entwicklung des Kipchak Bogens von Sengör et al. [1993] und Sengör and Natal'in [1996] in Übereinstimmung gebracht werden, nach dem Rotationen von rund 90° im Uhrzeigersinn relativ zu Baltika, bzw. rund 30° relativ zu Sibirien seit dem unteren Devon zu erwarten wären. Die paläomagnetischen Ergebnisse [diese Studie, Bazhenov, et al, 2003] zeigen im Gegensatz Rotationen gegen den Uhrzeigersinn. Es wird eine modifizierte Polwanderkurve für Kasachstan vorgestellt, die auf jüngeren, qualitativ hochwertigeren paläomagnetischen Daten basiert. Die Hypothese von Sengör and Natal'in [1996] (oroclinal bending) wird abgelehnt, stattdessen wird ein Modell entwickelt, mit dem die gekrümmten Strukturen Kasachstans mit Plattentektonik im klassischen Sinne erklärt werden können.
Thu, 1 Jan 1987 12:00:00 +0100 http://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5460/ http://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5460/1/Altermann_Wladyslaw_5460.pdf Altermann, Wladyslaw Altermann, Wladyslaw (1987): The Upper Paleozoic pebbly mudstone facies of peninsular Thailand and western Malaysia - Continental margin deposits of Paleoeurasia - Reply. In: Geologische Rundschau, Vol. 76, Nr. 3: p
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