Podcasts about nature ecology

Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten: +++ Invasive Arten richten weltweit jährlich Milliardenschäden an +++ Ruinen von rätselhaftem Volk in den Anden entdeckt +++ Magma aus der Tiefe treibt Ostafrika auseinander +++**********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:Using species ranges and macroeconomic data to fill the gap in costs of biological invasions, Nature Ecology and Evolution, 26.05.2025Discovery of Over 100 Archaeological Structures At Gran Pajatén. World Monuments FundNeon Isotopes in Geothermal Gases From the Kenya Rift Reveal a Common Deep Mantle Source Beneath East Africa, Geophysical Research Letters, 12.05.2025Grünes Band: längste Erfassung der Artenvielfalt Deutschlands gestartet. BfN 27.5.25More than a fingerprint on a pebble: A pigment-marked object from San Lázaro rock-shelter in the context of Neanderthal symbolic behavior, Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 24.05.2025Alle Quellen findet ihr hier.**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: TikTok und Instagram .

Durante siglos, la Tierra ha sido conocida como el "planeta azul", una imagen definida en gran medida por los vastos océanos que cubren tres cuartas partes de su superficie. Pero, ¿y si este no siempre fue el caso? ¿Y si nuestros océanos fueron alguna vez de otro color, digamos que verdes? ¿Y si vuelven a cambiar de color en el futuro? Esas son las posibilidades que explora un nuevo estudio recién publicado en Nature Ecology & Evolution.

We're experimenting! Give us (constructive) feedback.In this episode of Discover Daily, we dive into three compelling stories that intersect technology, science, and human behavior. The show kicks off with breaking news about Elon Musk's $56 billion Tesla pay package being voided by a Delaware judge, exploring the implications for corporate governance and executive compensation across the tech industry. Chancellor Kathaleen McCormick's ruling raises important questions about oversight and fairness in CEO compensationThe conversation then shifts to a groundbreaking scientific discovery about Denisovan DNA's influence on modern human immune systems. Research published in Nature Ecology and Evolution reveals that up to 50% of immune-related genes in modern Papuans originated from Denisovans, demonstrating how ancient interbreeding continues to affect human health and adaptation todayThe episode concludes with an in-depth exploration of the Dunning-Kruger effect, a fascinating psychological phenomenon that explains why people with limited knowledge tend to overestimate their abilities. The discussion covers the characteristic Dunning-Kruger curve, from the "Peak of Mount Stupid" to the "Valley of Despair," and examines its implications for workplace dynamics, education, and social media discourseFrom Perplexity's Discover Feed:https://www.perplexity.ai/page/denisovan-dna-s-legacy-BXKO8shRTjSSs1Q3wP6fJAhttps://www.perplexity.ai/page/musk-s-56b-pay-rejected-9GybdlU0TOitraxKbqduqQhttps://www.perplexity.ai/page/dunning-kruger-curve-B2EJ3bmgT6eMxHwpJ4jNLQPerplexity is the fastest and most powerful way to search the web. Perplexity crawls the web and curates the most relevant and up-to-date sources (from academic papers to Reddit threads) to create the perfect response to any question or topic you're interested in. Take the world's knowledge with you anywhere. Available on iOS and Android Join our growing Discord community for the latest updates and exclusive content. Follow us on: Instagram Threads X (Twitter) YouTube Linkedin

* List of Discoveries Squeezing Evolution: Did you know that dinosaurs ate rice before rice evolved? That turtle shells existed forty million years before turtle shells began evolving? That insects evolved tongues for eating from flowers 70 million years before flowers evolved? And that birds appeared before birds evolved? The fossil record is a wonderful thing. And more recently, only a 40,000-year squeeze, Neanderthal had blood types A, B, and O, shocking evolutionists but expected to us here at Real Science Radio! Sit back and get ready to enjoy another instant classic, today's RSR "list show" on Evolution's Big Squeeze! Our other popular list shows include: - scientists doubting Darwin - evidence against whale evolution - problems with 'the river carved the canyon' - carbon 14 everywhere it shouldn't be - dinosaur still-soft biological tissue - solar system formation problems - evidence against the big bang - evidence for the global flood - genomes that just don't fit - and our list of not so old things! (See also rsr.org/sq2 and rsr.org/sq3!) * Evolution's Big Squeeze: Many discoveries squeeze the Darwinian theory's timeframe and of course without a workable timeframe there is no workable theory. Examples, with their alleged (and falsified) old-earth timeframes, include: - Complex skeletons existed 9 million years before they were thought to have evolved, before even the "Cambrian explosion".- Butterflies existed 10 million years before they were thought to have evolved. - Parrots existed "much earlier than had been thought", in fact, 25 million years before they were thought to have evolved. - Cephalopod fossils (squids, cuttlefish, etc.) appear 35 million years before they were able to propagate. - Turtle shells 40 million years before turtle shells began evolving - Trees began evolving 45 million years before they were thought to evolve - Spores appearing 50 million years before the plants that made them (not unlike footprints systematically appearing "millions of years before" the creatures that made them, as affirmed by Dr. Marcus Ross, associate professor of geology). - Sponges existed 60 million years before they were believed to have evolved. - Dinosaurs ate rice before it evolved Example - Insect proboscis (tongue) in moths and butterflies 70 million years before previously believed has them evolving before flowers. - Arthropod brains fully developed with central nervous system running to eyes and appendages just like modern arthropods 90 million years earlier than previously known (prior to 2021, now, allegedly 310mya) - 100 million years ago and already a bird - Fossil pollen pushes back plant evolution 100 million years. - Mammalian hair allegedly 100-million-years-old show that, "the morphology of hair cuticula may have remained unchanged throughout most of mammalian evolution", regarding the overlapping cells that lock the hair shaft into its follicle. - Piranha-like flesh-eating teeth (and bitten prey) found pushing back such fish 125 million years earlier than previously claimed   - Shocking organic molecules in "200 million-years-old leaves" from ginkgoes and conifers show unexpected stasis. - Plant genetic sophistication pushed back 200 million years. - Jellyfish fossils (Medusoid Problematica :) 200 million years earlier than expected; here from 500My ago. - Green seaweed 200 million years earlier than expected, pushed back now to a billion years ago!  - The acanthodii fish had color vision 300 million years ago, but then, and wait, Cheiracanthus fish allegedly 388 million years ago already had color vision. - Color vision (for which there is no Darwinian evolutionary small-step to be had, from monochromatic), existed "300 million years ago" in fish, and these allegedly "120-million-year-old" bird's rod and cone fossils stun researchers :) - 400-million-year-old Murrindalaspis placoderm fish "eye muscle attachment, the eyestalk attachment and openings for the optic nerve, and arteries and veins supplying the eyeball" The paper's author writes, "Of course, we would not expect the preservation of ancient structures made entirely of soft tissues (e.g. rods and cone cells in the retina...)." So, check this next item... :) - And... no vertebrates in the Cambrian? Well, from the journal Nature in 2014, a "Lower-Middle Cambrian... primitive fish displays unambiguous vertebrate features: a notochord, a pair of prominent camera-type eyes, paired nasal sacs, possible cranium and arcualia, W-shaped myomeres, and a post-anal tail" Primitive? - Fast-growing juvenile bone tissue, thought to appear in the Cretaceous, has been pushed back 100 million years: "This pushes the origin of fibrolamellar bone in Sauropterygia back from the Cretaceous to the early Middle Triassic..."- Trilobites "advanced" (not the predicted primitive) digestion "525 million" years ago - And there's this, a "530 million year old" fish, "50 million years before the current estimate of when fish evolved" - Mycobacterium tuberculosis 100,000 yr-old MRCA (most recent common ancestor) now 245 million- Fungus long claimed to originate 500M years ago, now found at allegedly 950 Mya (and still biological "the distant past... may have been much more 'modern' than we thought." :) - A rock contained pollen a billion years before plants evolved, according to a 2007 paper describing "remarkably preserved" fossil spores in the French Alps that had undergone high-grade metamorphism - 2.5 billion year old cyanobacteria fossils (made of organic material found in a stromatolite) appear about "200 million years before the [supposed] Great Oxidation Event". - 2.7 billion year old eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus) existed (allegedly) 1 billion years before expected - 3.5 billion year "cell division evidently identical to that of living filamentous prokaryotes." - And even older cyanobacteria! At 220 million years earlier than thought, per Nature's 3.7 billion year old dating of stromatolites! - The universe and life itself (in 2019 with the universe dated a billion, now, no, wait, two billion!, years younger than previously thought, that's not only squeezing biological but also astronomical evolution, with the overall story getting really tight) - Mantis shrimp, with its rudimentary color but advanced UV vision, is allegedly ancient. - Hadrosaur teeth, all 1400 of them, were "more complex than those of cows, horses, and other well-known modern grazers." Professor stunned by the find! (RSR predicts that, by 2030 just to put an end date on it, more fossils will be found from the geologic column that will be more "advanced" as compared to living organisms, just like this hadrosaur and like the allegedly 100M year old hagfish  fossil having more slime glands than living specimens.)  - Trace fossils "exquisitely preserved" of mobile organisms (motility) dated at 2.1 billion years ago, a full 1.5 billion earlier than previously believed - Various multicellular organisms allegedly 2.1 billion years old, show multicellularity 1.5 billion years sooner than long believed   - Pre-sauropod 26,000-pound dinosaur "shows us that even as far back as 200 million years ago, these animals had already become the largest vertebrates to ever walk the Earth." - The Evo-devo squeeze, i.e., evolutionary developmental biology, as with rsr.org/evo-devo-undermining-darwinism. - Extinct Siberian one-horned rhinos coexisted with mankind. - Whale "evolution" is being crushed in the industry-wide "big squeeze". First, geneticist claims whales evolved from hippos but paleontologists say hippos evolved tens of millions of years too late! And what's worse than that is that fossil finds continue to compress the time available for whale evolution. To not violate its own plot, the Darwinist story doesn't start animals evolving back into the sea until the cast includes land animals suitable to undertake the legendary journey. The recent excavation of whale fossils on an island of the Antarctic Peninsula further compresses the already absurdly fast 10 million years to allegedly evolve from the land back to the sea, down to as little as one million years. BioOne in 2016 reported a fossil that is "among the oldest occurrences of basilosaurids worldwide, indicating a rapid radiation and dispersal of this group since at least the early middle Eocene." By this assessment, various techniques produced various published dates. (See the evidence that falsifies the canonical whale evolution story at rsr.org/whales.) * Ancient Hierarchical Insect Society: "Thanks to some well-preserved remains, researchers now believe arthropod social structures have been around longer than anyone ever imagined. The encased specimens of ants and termites recently studied date back [allegedly] 100 million years." Also from the video about "the bubonic plague", the "disease is well known as a Middle Ages mass killer... Traces of very similar bacteria were found on [an allegedly] 20-million-year-old flea trapped in amber." And regarding "Caribbean lizards... Even though they are [allegedly] 20 million years old, the reptiles inside the golden stones were not found to differ from their contemporary counterparts in any significant way. Scientists attribute the rarity [Ha! A rarity or the rule? Check out rsr.org/stasis.] to stable ecological surroundings." * Squeezing and Rewriting Human History: Some squeezing simply makes aspects of the Darwinian story harder to maintain while other squeezing contradicts fundamental claims. So consider the following discoveries, most of which came from about a 12-month period beginning in 2017 which squeeze (and some even falsify) the Out-of-Africa model: - find two teeth and rewrite human history with allegedly 9.7 million-year-old teeth found in northern Europe (and they're like Lucy, but "three times older") - date blue eyes, when humans first sported them, to as recently as 6,000 years ago   - get mummy DNA and rewrite human history with a thousand years of ancient Egyptian mummy DNA contradicting Out-of-Africa and demonstrating Out-of-Babel - find a few footprints and rewrite human history with allegedly 5.7 million-year-old human footprints in Crete - re-date an old skull and rewrite human history with a very human skull dated at 325,000 years old and redated in the Journal of Physical Anthropology at about 260,000 years old and described in the UK's Independent, "A skull found in China [40 years ago] could re-write our entire understanding of human evolution." - date the oldest language in India, Dravidian, with 80 derivatives spoken by 214 million people, which appeared on the subcontinent only about 4,500 years ago, which means that there is no evidence for human language for nearly 99% of the time that humans were living in Asia. (Ha! See rsr.org/origin-of-language for the correct explanation.) - sequence a baby's genome and rewrite human history with a 6-week old girl buried in Alaska allegedly 11,500 years ago challenging the established history of the New World. (The family buried this baby girl just beneath their home like the practice in ancient Mesopotamia, the Hebrews who sojourned in Egypt, and in Çatalhöyük in southern Turkey, one of the world's most ancient settlements.) - or was that 130,000? years ago as the journal Nature rewrites human history with a wild date for New World site - and find a jawbone and rewrite human history with a modern looking yet allegedly 180,000-year-old jawbone from Israel which "may rewrite the early migration story of our species" by about 100,000 years, per the journal Science - re-date a primate and lose yet another "missing link" between "Lucy" and humans, as Homo naledi sheds a couple million years off its age and drops from supposedly two million years old to (still allegedly) about 250,000 years old, far too "young" to be the allegedly missing link - re-analysis of the "best candidate" for the most recent ancestor to human beings, Australopithecus sediba, turns out to be a juvenile Lucy-like ape, as Science magazine reports work presented at the American Association of Physical Anthropologists 2017 annual meeting - find skulls in Morocco and "rewrite human history" admits the journal Nature, falsifying also the "East Africa" part of the canonical story - and from the You Can't Make This Stuff Up file, NPR reports in April 2019, Ancient Bones And Teeth Found In A Philippine Cave May Rewrite Human History. :) - Meanwhile, whereas every new discovery requires the materialists to rewrite human history, no one has had to rewrite Genesis, not even once. Yet, "We're not claiming that the Bible is a science textbook. Not at all. For the textbooks have to be rewritten all the time!"  - And even this from Science: "humans mastered the art of training and controlling dogs thousands of years earlier than previously thought."- RSR's Enyart commented on the Smithsonian's 2019 article on ancient DNA possibly deconstructing old myths...  This Smithsonian article about an ancient DNA paper in Science Advances, or actually, about the misuse of such papers, was itself a misuse. The published research, Ancient DNA sheds light on the genetic origins of early Iron Age Philistines, confirmed Amos 9:7 by documenting the European origin of the biblical Philistines who came from the island of Caphtor/Crete. The mainstream media completely obscured this astounding aspect of the study but the Smithsonian actually stood the paper on its head. [See also rsr.org/archaeology.]* Also Squeezing Darwin's Theory: - Evolution happens so slowly that we can't see it, yet - it happens so fast that millions of mutations get fixed in a blink of geologic time AND: - Observing a million species annually should show us a million years of evolution, but it doesn't, yet - evolution happens so fast that the billions of "intermediary" fossils are missing AND: - Waiting for helpful random mutations to show up explains the slowness of evolution, yet - adaption to changing environments is often immediate, as with Darwin's finches Finches Adapt in 17 Years, Not 2.3 Million: Charles Darwin's finches are claimed to have taken 2,300,000 years to diversify from an initial species blown onto the Galapagos Islands. Yet individuals from a single finch species on a U.S. Bird Reservation in the Pacific were introduced to a group of small islands 300 miles away and in at most 17 years, like Darwin's finches, they had diversified their beaks, related muscles, and behavior to fill various ecological niches. So Darwin's finches could diversify in just 17 years, and after 2.3 million more years, what had they evolved into? Finches! Hear this also at rsr.org/lee-spetner and see Jean Lightner's review of the Grants' 40 Years. AND: - Fossils of modern organisms are found "earlier" and "earlier" in the geologic column, and - the "oldest" organisms are increasingly found to have anatomical, proteinaceous, prokaryotic, and eukaryotic sophistication and similarity to "modern" organisms AND: - Small populations are in danger of extinction (yet they're needed to fix mutations), whereas - large populations make it impossible for a mutation to become standard AND: - Mutations that express changes too late in an organism's development can't effect its fundamental body plan, and - mutations expressed too early in an organism's development are fatal (hence among the Enyart sayings, "Like evolving a vital organ, most major hurdles for evolutionary theory are extinction-level events.") AND: - To evolve flight, you'd get bad legs - long before you'd get good wings AND: - Most major evolutionary hurdles appear to be extinction-level events- yet somehow even *vital* organs evolve (for many species, that includes reproductive organs, skin, brain, heart, circulatory system, kidney, liver, pancreas, stomach, small intestines, large intestines, lungs -- which are only a part of the complex respiration system) AND: - Natural selection of randomly taller, swifter, etc., fish, mammals, etc. explains evolution yet - development of microscopic molecular machines, feedback mechanisms, etc., which power biology would be oblivous to what's happening in Darwin's macro environment of the entire organism AND: - Neo-Darwinism suggests genetic mutation as the engine of evolution yet - the there is not even a hypothesis for modifying the vast non-genetic information in every living cell including the sugar code, electrical code, the spatial (geometric) code, and the epigenetic code AND: - Constant appeals to "convergent" evolution (repeatedly arising vision, echolocation, warm-bloodedness, etc.) - undermine most Darwinian anatomical classification especially those based on trivialities like odd or even-toed ungulates, etc. AND: - Claims that given a single species arising by abiogenesis, then - Darwinism can explain the diversification of life, ignores the science of ecology and the (often redundant) biological services that species rely upon AND: - humans' vastly superior intelligence indicates, as bragged about for decades by Darwinists, that ape hominids should have the greatest animal intelligence, except that - many so-called "primitive" creatures and those far distant on Darwin's tee of life, exhibit extraordinary rsr.org/animal-intelligence even to processing stimuli that some groups of apes cannot AND: - Claims that the tree of life emerges from a single (or a few) common ancestors - conflict with the discoveries of multiple genetic codes and of thousands of orphan genes that have no similarity (homology) to any other known genes AND (as in the New Scientist cover story, "Darwin Was Wrong about the tree of life", etc.): - DNA sequences have contradicted anatomy-based ancestry claims - Fossil-based ancestry claims have been contradicted by RNA claims - DNA-based ancestry claims have been contradicted by anatomy claims - Protein-based ancestry claims have been contradicted by fossil claims. - And the reverse problem compared to a squeeze. Like finding the largest mall in America built to house just a kid's lemonade stand, see rsr.org/200 for the astounding lack of genetic diversity in humans, plants, and animals, so much so that it could all be accounted for in just about 200 generations! - The multiplied things that evolved multiple times - Etc. * List of Ways Darwinists Invent their Tree of Life, aka Pop Goes the Weasle – Head and Shoulders, Knees and Toes: Evolutionists change their selection of what evidence they use to show 'lineage', from DNA to fossils to genes to body plans to teeth to many specific anatomical features to proteins to behavior to developmental similarities to habitat to RNA, etc. and to a combination of such. Darwinism is an entire endeavor based on selection bias, a kind of logical fallacy. By anti-science they arbitrarily select evidence that best matches whichever evolutionary story is currently preferred." -Bob E. The methodology used to create the family tree edifice to show evolutionary relationships classifies the descent of organisms based on such attributes as odd-toed and even-toed ungulates. Really? If something as wildly sophisticated as vision allegedly evolved multiple times (a dozen or more), then for cryin' out loud, why couldn't something as relatively simple as odd or even toes repeatedly evolve? How about dinosaur's evolving eggs with hard shells? Turns out that "hard-shelled eggs evolved at least three times independently in dinosaurs" (Nature, 2020). However, whether a genus has an odd or even number of toes, and similar distinctions, form the basis for the 150-year-old Darwinist methodology. Yet its leading proponents still haven't acknowledged that their tree building is arbitrary and invalid. Darwin's tree recently fell anyway, and regardless, it has been known to be even theoretically invalid all these many decades. Consider also bipedalism? In their false paradigm, couldn't that evolve twice? How about vertebrate and non-vertebrates, for that matter, evolving multiple times? Etc., etc., etc. Darwinists determine evolutionary family-tree taxonomic relationships based on numbers of toes, when desired, or on hips (distinguishing, for example, dinosaur orders, until they didn't) or limb bones, or feathers, or genes, or fossil sequence, or neck bone, or..., or..., or... Etc. So the platypus, for example, can be described as evolving from pretty much whatever story would be in vogue at the moment...   * "Ancient" Protein as Advanced as Modern Protein: A book review in the journal Science states, "the major conclusion is reached that 'analyses made of the oldest fossils thus far studied do not suggest that their [allegedly 145-million year-old] proteins were chemically any simpler than those now being produced.'" 1972, Biochemistry of Animal Fossils, p. 125 * "Ancient" Lampreys Just Modern Lampreys with Decomposed Brain and Mouth Parts: Ha! Researches spent half-a-year documenting how fish decay. RSR is so glad they did! One of the lessons learned? "[C]ertain parts of the brain and the mouth that distinguish the animals from earlier relatives begin a rapid decay within 24 hours..." :) * 140-million Year Old Spider Web: The BBC and National Geographic report on a 140-million year old spider web in amber which, as young-earth creationists expect, shows threads that resemble silk spun by modern spiders. Evolutionary scientists on the otherhand express surprise "that spider webs have stayed the same for 140 million years." And see the BBC. * Highly-Credentialed Though Non-Paleontologist on Flowers: Dr. Harry Levin who spent the last 15 years of a brilliant career researching paleontology presents much evidence that flowering plants had to originate not 150 million years ago but more than 300 million years ago. (To convert that to an actual historical timeframe, the evidence indicates flowers must have existed prior to the time that the strata, which is popularly dated to 300 mya, actually formed.) * Rampant Convergence: Ubiquitous appeals to "convergent" evolution (vision, echolocation, warm-bloodedness, icthyosaur/dolphin anatomy, etc.), all allegedly evolving multiple times, undermines anatomical classification based on trivialities like odd or even-toed ungulates, etc. * Astronomy's Big Evolution Squeeze: - Universe a billion, wait, two billion, years younger than thought   (so now it has to evolve even more impossibly rapidly) - Sun's evolution squeezes biological evolution - Galaxies evolving too quickly - Dust evolving too quickly - Black holes evolving too quickly - Clusters of galaxies evolving too quickly. * The Sun's Evolution Squeezes Life's Evolution: The earlier evolutionists claim that life began on Earth, the more trouble they have with astrophysicists. Why? They claim that a few billion years ago the Sun would have been far more unstable and cooler. The journal Nature reports that the Faint young Sun paradox remains for the "Sun was fainter when the Earth was young, but the climate was generally at least as warm as today". Further, our star would shoot out radioactive waves many of which being violent enough to blow out Earth's atmosphere into space, leaving Earth dead and dry like Mars without an atmosphere. And ignoring the fact that powerful computer simulators cannot validate the nebula theory of star formation, if the Sun had formed from a condensing gas cloud, a billion years later it still would have been emitting far less energy, even 30% less, than it does today. Forget about the claimed one-degree increase in the planet's temperature from man-made global warming, back when Darwinists imagine life arose, by this just-so story of life spontaneously generating in a warm pond somewhere (which itself is impossible), the Earth would have been an ice ball, with an average temperature of four degrees Fahrenheit below freezing! See also CMI's video download The Young Sun. * Zircons Freeze in Molten Eon Squeezing Earth's Evolution? Zircons "dated" 4 to 4.4 billion years old would have had to freeze (form) when the Earth allegedly was in its Hadean (Hades) Eon and still molten. Geophysicist Frank Stacey (Cambridge fellow, etc.) has suggested they may have formed above ocean trenches where it would be coolest. One problem is that even further squeezes the theory of plate tectonics requiring it to operate two billion years before otherwise claimed. A second problem (for these zircons and the plate tectonics theory itself) is that ancient trenches (now filled with sediments; others raised up above sea level; etc.) have never been found. A third problem is that these zircons contain low isotope ratios of carbon-13 to carbon-12 which evolutionists may try to explain as evidence for life existing even a half-billion years before they otherwise claim. For more about this (and to understand how these zircons actually did form) just click and then search (ctrl-f) for: zircon character. * Evolution Squeezes Life to Evolve with Super Radioactivity: Radioactivity today breaks chromosomes and produces neutral, harmful, and fatal birth defects. Dr. Walt Brown reports that, "A 160-pound person experiences 2,500 carbon-14 disintegrations each second", with about 10 disintergrations per second in our DNA. Worse for evolutionists is that, "Potassium-40 is the most abundant radioactive substance in... every living thing." Yet the percentage of Potassium that was radioactive in the past would have been far in excess of its percent today. (All this is somewhat akin to screws in complex machines changing into nails.) So life would have had to arise from inanimate matter (an impossibility of course) when it would have been far more radioactive than today. * Evolution of Uranium Squeezed by Contrasting Constraints: Uranium's two most abundant isotopes have a highly predictable ratio with 235U/238U equaling 0.007257 with a standard deviation of only 0.000017. Big bang advocates claim that these isotopes formed in distant stellar cataclysms. Yet that these isotopes somehow collected in innumerable small ore bodies in a fixed ratio is absurd. The impossibility of the "big bang" explanation of the uniformity of the uranium ratio (rsr.org/bb#ratio) simultaneously contrasts in the most shocking way with its opposite impossibility of the missing uniform distribution of radioactivity (see rsr.org/bb#distribution) with 90% of Earth's radioactivity in the Earth's crust, actually, the continental crust, and even at that, preferentially near granite! A stellar-cataclysmic explanation within the big bang paradigm for the origin of uranium is severely squeezed into being falsified by these contrasting constraints. * Remarkable Sponges? Yes, But For What Reason? Study co-author Dr. Kenneth S. Kosik, the Harriman Professor of Neuroscience at UC Santa Barbara said, "Remarkably, the sponge genome now reveals that, along the way toward the emergence of animals, genes for an entire network of many specialized cells evolved and laid the basis for the core gene logic of organisms that no longer functioned as single cells." And then there's this: these simplest of creatures have manufacturing capabilities that far exceed our own, as Degnan says, "Sponges produce an amazing array of chemicals of direct interest to the pharmaceutical industry. They also biofabricate silica fibers directly from seawater in an environmentally benign manner, which is of great interest in communications [i.e., fiber optics]. With the genome in hand, we can decipher the methods used by these simple animals to produce materials that far exceed our current engineering and chemistry capabilities." Kangaroo Flashback: From our RSR Darwin's Other Shoe program: The director of Australia's Kangaroo Genomics Centre, Jenny Graves, that "There [are] great chunks of the human genome… sitting right there in the kangaroo genome." And the 20,000 genes in the kangaroo (roughly the same number as in humans) are "largely the same" as in people, and Graves adds, "a lot of them are in the same order!" CMI's Creation editors add that "unlike chimps, kangaroos are not supposed to be our 'close relatives.'" And "Organisms as diverse as leeches and lawyers are 'built' using the same developmental genes." So Darwinists were wrong to use that kind of genetic similarity as evidence of a developmental pathway from apes to humans. Hibernating Turtles: Question to the evolutionist: What happened to the first turtles that fell asleep hibernating underwater? SHOW UPDATE Of Mice and Men: Whereas evolutionists used a very superficial claim of chimpanzee and human genetic similarity as evidence of a close relationship, mice and men are pretty close also. From the Human Genome Project, How closely related are mice and humans?, "Mice and humans (indeed, most or all mammals including dogs, cats, rabbits, monkeys, and apes) have roughly the same number of nucleotides in their genomes -- about 3 billion base pairs. This comparable DNA content implies that all mammals [RSR: like roundworms :)] contain more or less the same number of genes, and indeed our work and the work of many others have provided evidence to confirm that notion. I know of only a few cases in which no mouse counterpart can be found for a particular human gene, and for the most part we see essentially a one-to-one correspondence between genes in the two species." * Related RSR Reports: See our reports on the fascinating DNA sequencing results from roundworms and the chimpanzee's Y chromosome! * Genetic Bottleneck, etc: Here's an excerpt from rsr.org/why-was-canaan-cursed... A prediction about the worldwide distribution of human genetic sequencing (see below) is an outgrowth of the Bible study at that same link (aka rsr.org/canaan), in that scientists will discover a genetic pattern resulting from not three but four sons of Noah's wife. Relevant information comes also from mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) which is not part of any of our 46 chromosomes but resides outside of the nucleus. Consider first some genetic information about Jews and Arabs, Jewish priests, Eve, and Noah. Jews and Arabs Biblical Ancestry: Dr. Jonathan Sarfati quotes the director of the Human Genetics Program at New York University School of Medicine, Dr. Harry Ostrer, who in 2000 said: Jews and Arabs are all really children of Abraham … And all have preserved their Middle Eastern genetic roots over 4,000 years. This familiar pattern, of the latest science corroborating biblical history, continues in Dr. Sarfati's article, Genesis correctly predicts Y-Chromosome pattern: Jews and Arabs shown to be descendants of one man. Jewish Priests Share Genetic Marker: The journal Nature in its scientific correspondence published, Y Chromosomes of Jewish Priests, by scie

Alright, we're ⁠Living in the End Times⁠! The commons of our culture has been captured and this is the third episode in a series we're doing on The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, or as Žižek sometimes puts it, the Four Riders of the Apocalypse.  This week we're talking Nature & Ecology. Does Nature exist? Can you eat plastic ice cream?  Žižek says we are approaching a whole series of critical points, and the question is: can the global liberal democratic system – the capitalist system – deal with them or not? See you in Paris! Ž&…

In Australia rotten meat is a valuable commodity that monitor lizards compete for against dingoes and red foxes. Plus new work from a team including ZSL has discovered a key ingredient to some lizard and crocodilian teeth that explains how they are so tough. Become a Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/herphighlights Merch: https://www.redbubble.com/people/herphighlights/shop Full reference list available here: http://www.herphighlights.podbean.com Main Paper References: Cairncross RJ, Spencer EE, Meisuria N, Crowther MS, Newsome TM. 2024. Carrion use by a reptile is influenced by season, habitat and competition with an apex mammalian scavenger. Ecology and Evolution 14:e70211. DOI: 10.1002/ece3.70211. Other Mentioned Papers/Studies: LeBlanc ARH, Morrell AP, Sirovica S, Al-Jawad M, Labonte D, D'Amore DC, Clemente C, Wang S, Giuliani F, McGilvery CM, Pittman M, Kaye TG, Stevenson C, Capon J, Tapley B, Spiro S, Addison O. 2024. Iron-coated Komodo dragon teeth and the complex dental enamel of carnivorous reptiles. Nature Ecology & Evolution. DOI: 10.1038/s41559-024-02477-7. Editing and Music: Intro/outro – Treehouse by Ed Nelson Species Bi-week theme – Michael Timothy Other Music – The Passion HiFi, https://www.thepassionhifi.com

A Central American lizard creates a bubble of air underwater to breatheSemi-aquatic lizards in the western rainforests of Central America have the ability to hide from predators underwater by breathing from a bubble of air they forms over its head. In a new study in the journal Biology Letters, ecologist Lindsey Swierk from New York State University at Binghamton, found that the lizards with this bubble-breathing trick could stay underwater for 30 per cent longer than the lizards without a bubble. A really weird fish walks on its fingers and tastes with them tooThe sea robin is a strange fish with wing-like fins and finger-like bony structures that it uses to prop itself up as it roams the ocean floor. New research from a team of scientists from Harvard and Stanford Universities, including Nick Bellono, looked at how these bizarre creatures use their legs to hone in on their prey. It turns out these funny finny fingers can also taste food in the sediment of the sea bottom. The research was published in the journal Current Biology.We can make our food production systems more stable by reintroducing natureA new study by a team of researchers at the University of Guelph suggests that removing large animals and destroying natural habitat is making our agricultural systems and fisheries more unstable and vulnerable to boom and bust cycles. But the study, published in the journal Nature Ecology and Evolution, also suggests that restoring nature can help stabilize our food production to better feed the world's billions. Giant clams live off sunlight and could inspire solar power systems Working in the protected reefs of Palau, Dr. Alison Sweeney, associate professor of physics and of ecology and evolutionary biology at Yale University, was intrigued by the iridescence of the giant clams. Her team discovered that the giant clams tissues are optimized to channel sunlight to photosynthetic algae that live inside them. They work like solar panels, but far more efficiently than manufactured versions, providing inspiration for bio-inspired energy technology. The study was published in the journal PRX Energy.Plastic: Understanding the problem, and the struggle for a solutionPlastic is a miracle material, and one of the most useful innovations of the modern age. But its ubiquity and the durability that makes it so useful mean it's also becoming one of our biggest waste problems. Twenty years after he discovered microplastics on beaches around the UK, marine biologist Richard Thompson has just released a new study looking at what we've learned about these pervasive plastics, and urges scientists to turn their research focus towards solving the problem. We also speak with RJ Conk from the University of Berkeley about his work on vaporizing plastics down to their chemical building blocks, which could finally make real recycling a reality.

Join host Norbert Wilson and co-host Kerilyn Schewel in the latest episode of the Leading Voices in Food podcast as they dive deep into the world of small-scale fisheries with two distinguished guests: Nicole Franz from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and John Virdin from Duke University's Nicholas Institute for Energy, Environment, and Sustainability. Discover the significant role small-scale fisheries play in food security, economic development, and community livelihoods. Learn about the unique challenges these fisheries face, and how community-led climate adaptation alongside top-down national policies can help build resilience. This episode also highlights collaborative efforts between academia and organizations like FAO, painting a comprehensive picture of the state and future of small-scale fisheries. Interview Summary Kerilyn - So, Nicole, let's begin with you. Why is your work at the UN's Food and Agriculture Organization focused on small-scale fisheries and fishing communities? And could you share with us how they are different from fisheries more broadly? What's unique about them and their role in food production? Nicole - Yes. Let me start with the latter question. And I think the first thing is to clarify actually what are small-scale fisheries, no? Because sometimes if you think about small-scale fisheries, what most people will have in mind is probably that of a man in a small boat fishing. But in reality, it's a sector that is much more diverse. There are, for example, women in Indonesia that are collecting clams by foot. Foot fishers. Or we have examples from small-scale fisheries that are fishing boats in Norway, which are comparably small, but if you compare them, for example, with how small-scale fishing looks in a place like Mozambique, it's a very different scale. But all of that, however, is comprised in what we understand as small-scale fisheries. It is also important to understand that when we talk about small-scale fisheries in FAO, we don't only limit it to what is happening in the water, the harvesting part, but we also include what happens once the fish is out of the water. So, once it's processed, then, and when it's traded. So, so it's a whole supply chain that is connected to that small-scale fisheries production that we understand as being small-scale fisheries. And with Duke University, with John who is present here, and other colleagues and other colleagues from World Fish, we did a global study where we tried to estimate the global contributions of small-scale fisheries to sustainable development. And what we found was that at least 40 percent of the global catch is actually coming from inland and marine small-scale fisheries. And that's, that's enormous. That's a huge, huge amount. More important almost is that, that 90 percent of all the people that are employed in capture fisheries are in small-scale fisheries. And that is the human dimension of it. And that's why the community dimension is so important for the work. Because it is that big amount of people, 61 million people, that are employed in the value chains. And in addition to that, we estimated that there are about 53 million people that are actually engaging in small-scale fisheries for subsistence. So, if we consider those people that are employed in small-scale fisheries, plus those that are engaging for subsistence, and all their household members, we're actually talking about close to 500 million people that depend at least partially on small-scale fisheries for their livelihoods. We also looked at the economic dimensions of small-scale fisheries, and we found that the value from the first sale of small-scale fishery products amounts to 77 billion. So, these numbers are important. They show the importance of small-scale fisheries in terms of their production, but also in terms of the livelihood [00:05:00] dimension, in terms of the economic value that they generate. And, last but not least, we also looked at the nutritional value from small-scale fisheries. And we estimated that the catch from small-scale fisheries would be able to supply almost 1 billion women globally with 50 percent of the recommended omega 3 fatty acid intake. So, I think with all of these numbers, hopefully, I can convey why the focus on small-scale fish is, in the context of food security and poverty eradication in particular, is of fundamental importance. Kerilyn - Thanks, Nicole. That's really helpful to get a kind of global picture. If I could follow up to ask, what regions of the world are small-scale fisheries more common, or do economies rely on them? And in what regions do you see them disappearing? Are they common in countries like the US, for example? Well, they're certainly more common in what is often considered as a Global South. In Asia in particular, we encountered the largest total numbers, absolute numbers, in terms of people involved in terms of production. But also in Africa, Latin America, the Caribbean. In the Pacific, obviously, they play a crucial role. They are more and more disappearing in the US, for example, in Europe. We see that it is a livelihood that is no longer very common. And one of the features we see there that it's an aging sector, it's a shrinking sector, for a number of reasons. But they still define the characteristic of certain areas where they really are part of the identity and of the local culture, even in the U.S. or in many, many places in Europe. Norbert - Nicole, this is really fascinating. Thank you for sharing this broad overview of what's happening and who are small-scale fishers. What are some of the common challenges that these small-scale fishers and fisheries face? And what is FAO's response to those challenges? Nicole - Well, where to start? There are so many challenges. I think one fundamental challenge that is common across all regions is securing access to fishing grounds. But not only to fishing grounds, but also to the coastal areas where operations, where they land the boats, where they, where the process of fish, where the fishing villages and communities are located. In many areas around the world, we see expansion of tourism, expansion of urban areas and coastal areas. The increase of other industries that are competing for the space now, and that are often stronger economically more visible than small-scale fisheries. So, the competition over space in those areas is quite an issue. But there are also many challenges that are more outside of the fishing activity directly. For example, often small-scale fishing communities lack access to services. We had basic services such as education or health services, social protection. And in many cases, women are particularly disadvantaged in relation to access to these services. For example, women that are involved in harvesting or in processing of fish in small-scale fisheries, they often do not know where to leave their children while they are at work because there's no childcare facility in many of these villages. And there are 45 million women that are engaged in small-scale fisheries around the world. Another set of challenges relates to the value chains and the markets. Often there's limited infrastructure to connect to markets. The processing and storage facilities are not adequate to bring the product to the market in a state that allows it to then fetch good prices and to benefit from the value chain. Often small-scale fishers and fish workers are also not well organized. So, they become more subject to power imbalances along the value chain where they have to be price takers. Now they have to accept what is offered. That also relates often to a lack of transparency in relation to market information. And of course, then we have another set of challenges that are coming from climate change that are becoming more and more important. And from other types of disasters also. One thing that brings together all these challenges, or makes them worse, is often the lack of representative structures and also institutional structures that allow for participation in relevant decision making or management processes. So that small-scale fishers and fish workers don't even have an opportunity to flag their needs or to propose solutions. So, FAO has facilitated a process to develop Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-scale Fisheries in the Context of Food security and Poverty Eradication. Quite a mouthful of a name. In short, we call them small-scale fisheries guidelines. In which all the major challenges in a way are compiled in one document together with guidance on how to address them. And these guidelines are the result of a participatory development process. So, they are really informed by the involvement of fishing communities from around the world, but also other stakeholders. And they have been agreed on and have been endorsed by the almost 200 members of the FAO. We are now working with countries, with the small-scale fishing communities around the world, with other partners, including Duke University, to help implement these small-scale fisheries guidelines. Norbert - Oh, this is really fascinating and it's important work. I'm intrigued with the participatory process. How are small-scale fisher organizations involved in this? Are you working with different organizations? Or is this more individuals who are just interested in this issue coming to the fore? This is through organizations at all levels. Be it at the national level where we are, for example, facilitating the formation of new women organizations in a number of African countries. Be it at the regional level, in particular in Africa, there are existing structures in the context of the African union, which has established so called non state actor platforms for fisheries and aquaculture, which we are supporting in order to bring their voice into the processes and to facilitate peer learning. And then there's a number of global social movements and producer organizations for small-scale fisheries that we are working with and using them as a facilitator to involve as many as possible. And gather as much insight that is coming from the membership of those organizations to then bring into global, regional, national processes from our side. Norbert - This is really important to hear how different forms of governance and at different levels are playing a part in developing these guidelines. Thank you for sharing that, Nicole. I'd like to turn to you, John. You have more than 20 years of experience in studying and advising government policies to regulate human use of the oceans. With a particular focus on marine conservation practices. How has your thinking about marine conservation changed over the last 20 years? John - Yeah, it's changed a bit. As you mentioned, my interest in work has been on ocean conservation and how it can alleviate poverty. A lot of times that has meant managing fisheries to address poverty. And I think in the past, that meant that I was really focused on what governments could do to increase the efficiency of fisheries. The economic efficiency. How do we increase incomes, how do you increase revenues for communities? All very important, but for all the reasons that Nicole mentioned, I spend a lot more time now thinking about the process rather than the outcomes, and thinking about what institutions are in place, or can be created, to help empower small-scale fishing communities to have much more of a voice in the decisions that affect them. In how the resources are used. How the space is used. And Nicole outlined really well a lot of the challenges that are facing communities from increased industrialization of ocean use to the squeeze from climate change and the effect on resources. And even the fact that climate change may be driving people to the oceans. I mean, as farms and agricultures maybe fail or face challenges, oceans are often open access, and can even be a sink for people to make a livelihood. And so, yet more pressures coming from outside these fisheries. How can fishers have a greater voice in making the decisions that impact them and safeguarding their livelihoods? Norbert - Thank you for that. I'm interested in understanding how do these fisher folks, who are trying to organize and are organizing, how does that interact with sort of larger markets? I mean, I would imagine a number of these folks are catching fish and other seafood that goes into global markets. What's the interaction or challenges that may happen there? John - As Nicole mentioned, because small-scale fisheries are so diverse you have markets in many places. These may be located near an urban center where you can have easy access. You can get fresh fish in a cooler and put it on a plane and off it goes to an export market. We found that, what may be surprised us, is a significant number of small-scale fishers are exporting in some cases. So, then that can be challenging because you might get higher prices, which is a good thing. But it might drive, for example, more fishing effort. It might drive higher levels of exploitation. It might change traditional practices, traditional rules for fisheries. It might really change how fishers organize in a given place. So, the access to export markets, even say an island setting, has kind of scrambled past fisheries management in some places and can be an outside force. Kerilyn - John and Nicole, I want to ask you both a question now about painting a picture of these communities that you're working with. You both mentioned how diverse small-scale fisheries can be. I was wondering if you could just share what one community in particular looks like that you've worked with? What are the challenges that a particular community faces, or alternatively, where do you see things actually working well? So Nicole, could I ask you to respond first? Nicole - I'm working more with global processes and the global level. So, through that, I have the privilege of working with representatives from many, many communities. So maybe what I can share is the feedback that I'm getting through that, in terms of the change that we can observe, and that is affecting fishing communities around the world. I think one thing that is being brought up as a concern by many is what I mentioned before. It's a process of aging in fishing communities and often a lack of capacity to retain young people in the sector. And that has different reasons. Now there are all of these challenges that small-scale fisheries have to face and that are difficult to overcome. So, that often drives people, in particular young men, to leave the communities. Or within the communities, to look for other alternative livelihoods now and not to take on the skills of fishermen or getting engaged in small-scale fisheries more broadly. So, in some cases, yes, it's not only other activities within the community, but really leaving the community and leaving in some cases also the country. What we see there is that sometimes people that have the skills, maybe still as a fisher, they have tried to fish. So, they have a knowledge of fishing. They emigrate out into other countries. And in some cases they are then hired into industrial fisheries where they work on industrial boats that go out fishing for longer periods of time. But where they at times end up in situations that can be called slave labor, basically, that are subject to serious violations of human rights. And that is in a way generated by this vulnerability to the poverty that is still there in those communities. The lack of being able to make a living, a decent work in the fishing community. So, that is something that we have seen is happening. We have also seen that in some cases, there's an involvement of fishers into say more illegal activities, be it in drug trafficking, be it also into the trafficking of people. I'm thinking even about the Mediterranean. I'm working out of Italy, Rome. We have a lot of immigration from North African countries, for example, coming through that route. And oftentimes it happens that the transport of migrants is actually carried out by fishers and their boats because they have the skill to navigate the sea. And they make a better living by transporting illegal migrants than going fishing. So, those are some of the challenges we hear. And the other one is there in relation to what is now a concept that is getting more and more traction. It's often known as the blue economy, which is, in a way, looking at the ocean as the last frontier for economic development. And that includes on the one hand, the expansion of previously existing industries, such as tourism. But also the expansion of newer sectors such as alternative energy production. Think wind parks now in coastal areas. So, what happens here is that in many cases, this adds again, additional pressure on the available maritime space. In the water and on the land. The expansion of marine aquaculture is another example. So, that also is something that we hear is becoming an issue for small-scale fishing communities to defend the space that they need to maintain their lifestyle. Kerilyn - John, is there anything you'd like to add on this question of how fisheries are changing? John - Very, very briefly. Taking the example in West Africa where I've spent some time over the years, you certainly have some communities there where it actually doesn't seem as if the fisheries are changing as much in the sense it's quite static and stagnant. And this could be caused by a lot of the reasons that Nicole mentioned, but the community, the economy, the fisheries aren't growing. People, young people may be leaving for a number of reasons, but it doesn't have to be that way either. I mean, there are positive examples. I was in Liberia last week, and there, from the numbers that the government has, small-scale fishing communities are growing. The number of fishers are growing. They've actually made a conscious effort to protect a certain area of the ocean just for small-scale fisheries. And to prohibit trawling and to give the communities more space to grow and operate in the 20 years since the conflict ended there. So, again, it doesn't have to be sort of stagnant or grinding on in some of these communities as they cope with competition for resources, for example, competition for space from others. Where they were given that space, in some cases in Liberia, they've grown. That may have its own challenges but. Kerilyn - Interesting. In the back of my mind, when thinking about these communities and aging and migration of younger generations away from these livelihoods, you know, as someone who studies the relationship between migration and development, I think it's a common trend where, you know, as countries develop, young people leave traditional economic activities. They get more educated, they move to cities, they move abroad. To what degree is this somehow just part of these countries' development? Should we expect young people to be leaving them? And to what degree might we think differently about development in a way that would enable more young people to stay? And I think, John, you mentioned a really interesting point about how protecting the space For these small-scale fisheries to operate is one thing that seems to have kept people engaged in this livelihood. I'd be curious if there's other things that come up for you. Other ways of thinking about enhancing the capability to stay in small-scale fishing livelihoods. John - Sure, and I'd be curious what Nicole's seeing from her perspective. I think, to some extent, it's a different question if small-scale fisheries are economically viable. And so, what I think Nicole and I are referring to in many cases is where for a lot of these external pressures upon them, they may not be as viable as they once were. And that has its own push on people, whereas where fishers are empowered, they have more of a voice in what happens to the fisheries and controlling those spaces and resources, and it can be more economically viable in these fisheries. That presents a different set of choices for young people then. So that's where we've really focused is: okay, what is the process by which small-scale fishing communities have their voices heard more, have much more of a say and much more power in the use of the fisheries, the use of the coastal areas, the things that affect those fisheries and their livelihoods? And then we can see what those choices might look like. But Nicole, I'm not sure if that's consistent with what you've seen in a number of places. Nicole - Yes, and maybe to also rebalance a bleak picture I painted before. Like John said, there are obviously good examples. I think an important condition is probably a linkage to markets. Non-economic viability in many ways does play a role. And there are examples of how that can happen in different ways. For example, in Morocco, the country has made quite a significant investment to build a whole series of ports for small-scale fisheries. Specifically, along the entire coastline of Morocco where they are providing a port that is not just a landing site for small-scale fisheries, but it provides like a system of integrated services. There's an auction hall. So, the fish comes in, it's immediately kind of weighted. They get the information, the label for what they have brought in, then it goes into an auction that has set rules and everybody is tied to. But in that same area, for example, there's also a bank or there is an office that helps with the access to social protection services, for example. So, it's a whole integrated service center, and that really makes a difference to help make the sector more efficient. But at the same time, also really keep the tradition. So, it's not only economic efficiency, but by having all these different centers, it allows to maintain many people employed and to also maintain the characteristics of each of those different lending sites. That's one example. I was in Korea last year and there, they were doing something similar. They are reviving some of their traditional fishing villages where they are also investing in those fishing communities and providing them with funding to set up, for example, restaurants that are run directly by those involved in the fishery. Those are particular places that are close to cities. In my case, I was in Busan. So, it's very closely connected to the consumers now that come out there. They are focusing on certain products in these villages that they are famous for traditionally. They have little shops and they're starting e-commerce for some of the products. So, the way they package, and the label has become much, much wider than before. So again, that has revived a bit those communities. In Italy, it's a country that's famous for its food, you know. And they are in the region that's called the Amalfi coast. There's a tiny village and it's famous for the production of a value-added product made from tiny sardines that are fished by the small-scale fisheries boats. And they are processed in a very particular way. And there is like a label of geographic origin of this product, and it can only come from that village. And it has a high price and has it's like a high-end product, so to say. And in a way these are also approaches that provide dignity to this profession. And a sense of pride which is really important and should not be underestimated in also increasing the willingness, for example, of young people to be part of that and maintain the viability of the sector. John – I'd like to just add, I think that's a really important point on the dignity and pride and the importance of these fisheries in so many places and cultures. I mean, I'll never forget talking to a minister of finance in one country and starting to try to make the economic case for supporting small-scale fisheries. He cut me off in about 30 seconds and started talking about growing up fishing in the village and going back home for vacations, and just the importance to the entire community of fishing to him and just how much it was a part of the fabric of the culture. Kerilyn - I love that. That does seem so important and wonderful to hear those very specific examples that do give some hope. It's not just a bleak future. Norbert - You know, it's great to hear how government policy is helping shape and reshape these fisheries in a way that allow for economic viability and also these are opportunities to connect communities to these traditions. And so, I find that really fascinating. I want to kind of push a little bit beyond that and bring back the idea of how to deal with climate that was mentioned earlier. And also change our focus from government policy to sort of what's happening within these small-scale fisheries and fishery organizations. So Nicole, a lot of your work focuses on building more inclusive policy processes and stakeholder engagement. And so, from your perspective, how does community-led climate adaptation, rather than top down adaptation agendas, lead to different outcomes? Nicole - Well, I think one way that seems quite obvious, how community-led adaptation can lead to different outcomes is simply that in that case, the traditional and the indigenous knowledge that is within those communities will be considered much more strongly. And this is something that can be really critical to crafting solutions for that very site-specific context. Because the impact of the climate change can be very different in every region and every locality not due to that specific environment that it's encountering there. And holding the knowledge and being able to observe the changes and then adapt to them is something that certainly a community-based approach has an advantage over something that would be a coming from a more centralized top down, a little bit more one-size-fits-all approach. And this can then imply little things like, for example, if the water temperature changes, we see a change in the fish behavior. Now we see how certain stocks start to move to different environments and others are coming in. So, the communities obviously need to adapt to that. And they do that automatically. Now, if it changes, they adapt their gear, they adapt to the new species that is there. So, in many cases, there are solutions that are already happening, and adaptations that are already happening that may not carry that label, that name. But if you look at it, it is really what is happening, no? Or you can see in some cases, that for example, there are initiatives that are coming also spontaneously from the communities to replant mangrove forests, where you can observe that there is a rising seawater level that is threatening the communities and where they have their houses, where they have their daily lives. Now, you can see that through NGOs and often there is support projects for that. But you can also see it happening more spontaneously when communities observe that change. So, the top-down approaches often they lack that more nuanced, site-specific considerations in their approaches and the consideration of that specific knowledge. On the other hand, it needs to be said though, that the top-down approaches can also play an important role. For example, countries develop their national adaptation plans. And those plans are usually, you know, developed at a higher level, at the central level. And often fisheries and aquaculture are not necessarily included in those plans. So that is something where the top-down level can play a very important role and really make a difference for small-scale fisheries by ensuring that fisheries and aquaculture are included in a sector. So, I guess that in the end, as always, it's not black and white. No, it's something that we need to take into account both of it and have any climate change adaptation approach to small-scale fisheries being grounded in both. And have a way to bridge the top down and the bottom-up approaches. Norbert - I really like this idea of bridging between the top down and the bottom-up approaches, understanding the local knowledge that's there. I would imagine that's also knowledge that when used to make decisions makes it easier for people to stick with those decisions, because it's a part of their voice. It's who they are. And then the other side, it's critical to make sure that those plans are a part of a larger national move, because if the government is not involved, if those higher-level decision makers are not involved, they can easily overlook the needs of those communities. I really appreciate hearing that. I think sometimes we hear this tension. It needs to be one or the other. And you're making a really compelling point about how it has to be integrated. John, I'm really intrigued to see from your perspective. How do you see this top down versus bottom-up approach working in the work you've done? John - I'll do what I typically do is echo and agree with Nicole, but just to give an example that I love. I teach this one in my classes. There's an old paper by Bob Johannes, a marine ecologist. And the standard practice in managing fisheries as government scientists is you count the fish, you then set limits for them, often from the top down. And his point was in the case of Indonesia, if you look at the reef fisheries that go through most of the communities, one tool to assess the fish stocks is to do a visual census. You swim transects along the reefs and you count the fish. So, he did a back of the envelope estimate and he said, well, if you're going to do that through all the reefs throughout Indonesia, it would probably be finished in about 400 years. And that would give you one snapshot. So, he's saying you can't do this. You have to rely on the local knowledge in these communities. I don't want to romanticize traditional knowledge too much, but I just can't imagine how policies would effectively support adaptation in these communities without building upon this traditional ecological knowledge. Kerilyn - John, since coming to Duke from the World Bank, you've regularly collaborated with non-academic partners like the FAO as well as the UN environmental program. Can you tell us more about how your partnership with the FAO and your work with Nicole more specifically began? John - Sure. I think more than anything, I got really lucky. But when I first came to Duke, I started working with a colleague, Professor Xavier Basurto at the Marine Lab, who I think is one of the world's leading scholars on how communities come together to manage common resources like fish stocks. We organized a workshop at Duke on small-scale fisheries. We got talking to Nicole, invited her and some of her colleagues at FAO to that workshop, together with others, to think about a way forward for small-scale fisheries for philanthropy. And I think from those conversations started to see the need to build a global evidence base on how important these fisheries are in society. And Nicole could probably say it better, but from there, she and colleagues said, you know, maybe you all could work with us. We're planning to do this study to build this evidence base and maybe we could collaborate. And I think we're very fortunate that Duke gives the space for that kind of engaged research and allows us to do it. I don't think we knew how long it would be when we started, Nicole. But over five years and 800 researchers later, we - Javier, Nicole, myself, and so many others - concluded with this global study that we hope does have a little bit clearer picture on the role of these fisheries in society. Kerilyn - Nicole, from your side, what does an academic partner bring to the table? What's your motivation for partnering with someone like John or Duke University more specifically. Well, I think as FAO, we like to call ourselves a knowledge organization, but we're not an academic institution. We don't conduct research ourselves, no? So, we need to partner around that. We work with the policy makers though. So, one of our roles, in a way, is to build that. To broker and improve the science policy interface. So, this is why collaboration with academia research for us is very important. And what we experienced in this particular collaboration with Duke University to produce this study called Illuminating Hidden Harvest, the Contributions of Small-scale Fisheries to Sustainable Development was really that first we realized we have a shared vision, shared objectives. And I think that's fundamental. Now, you need to make sure that you have the same values, how you approach these things. And in this case, it aligned very well that we really wanted to take in a way, a human-centered and multidimensional approach to look at small-scale fisheries. And then it was also very important to understand what every partner brings to the table, no? The different strengths that we have. And then based on that, define the roles and what everybody's doing in a project. And the added value for us was certainly the capacity from the Duke University side to help develop the method that we develop for the country case studies that we conducted in 58 countries. And not only to develop that method, but then we had a postdoc at Duke University for this project, who was actually then engaging with all of the people. People in these 58 countries. And, and she was. coaching them in that methodology, actually in three languages, which was quite amazing. It was very, very thorough. We could not have done that. And we had a lot of other students from Duke University that helped us once we had the data gathered. To then screen that data, harmonize that data, clean that data, obviously under the leadership of John, Xavier and other colleagues, no? So that was really something that was adding a lot of value and actually also helped us to get to know a lot of the students from Duke. And some of those then ended up also becoming consultants working with us more broadly on small-scale fisheries. So that was certainly great, great value for FAO as collaboration. BIOS Nicole Franz, Equitable Livelihoods Team Leader, Fisheries and Aquaculture Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN. Nicole is a development economist with 18 years of experience in intergovernmental organizations. She holds a Master in International Cooperation and Project Design from University La Sapienza, Rome and a Master in Economic and Cultural Cooperation and Human Rights in the Mediterranean Region. From 2003 to 2008 she was a consultant for the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). In 2009-10 she was Fishery Planning Analyst at the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in Paris, focusing on fisheries certification. Since 2011 she works for the FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Division where she coordinates the implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines) with a focus on inclusive policy processes and stakeholder empowerment. Since 2021 she leads the Equitable Livelihoods team.  John Virdin is director of the Oceans Program at the Duke University Nicholas Institute for Energy, Environment & Sustainability. He has a total of over twenty years' experience in studying and advising government policies to regulate human use of the oceans, particularly marine conservation policies to reduce poverty throughout the tropics. His focus has been largely on managing fisheries for food and livelihoods, expanding to broader ocean-based economic development policies, coastal adaptation and more recently reducing ocean plastic pollution. He directs the Oceans Program at the Nicholas Institute for Energy, Environment & Sustainability, aiming to connect Duke University's science and ideas to help policymakers solve ocean sustainability problems. He has collaborated in this effort with the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization and the United Nations Environment Program, as well as regional organizations such as the Abidjan Convention secretariat, the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States, the Sub-Regional Fisheries Commission of West Africa and the Parties to the Nauru Agreement for tuna fisheries management in the Western Pacific. He co-created and teaches an introductory course for undergraduate students to understand the role of ocean policy in helping solve many of society's most pressing development challenges on land. His work has been published in books, edited volumes and a number of professional journals, including Nature Ecology and Evolution, Ecosystem Services, Environment International, Fish and Fisheries and Marine Policy, as well as contributing to China Dialogue, The Conversation, the Economist Intelligence Unit, and The Hill.    

Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten: +++ Orcas üben offenbar Thunfisch-Jagd mit Segelschiffen +++ Mütter blieben durch Corona länger in Elternzeit +++ Inseln sind auch Evolutionstreiber für Sprache +++**********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:Killer whales habitat suitability in the Iberian Peninsula and the Gulf of Biscay: Implications for conservation, Ocean & Coastal Management, 1.9.2024Frauen, die in der Pandemie Mutter wurden, unterbrechen ihre Erwerbstätigkeit länger, IAB-Kurzbericht, 9.9.2024Effects of interventions to combat tobacco addiction: Cochrane update of 2021 to 2023 reviews, Addiction, 4.9.2024The Roman siege system of Masada: a 3D computerized analysis of a conflict landscape, Journal of Roman Archaeology, 29.8.2024Islands are engines of language diversity, Nature Ecology & Evolution, 5.9.2024Alle Quellen findet ihr hier.**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: Tiktok und Instagram.

Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten: +++ WHO fordert mehr Anstrengungen im Kampf gegen Alkohol +++ Frauen riechen während des Eisprungs nicht unbedingt attraktiver +++ Komodowarane haben Gebiss wie aus Stahl +++ **********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:Global status report on alcohol and health and treatment of substance use disorders/ WHO, 25.07.2024Combined perceptual and chemical analyses show no compelling evidence for ovulatory cycle shifts in women's axillary odour/ Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 24.07.2024Iron-coated Komodo dragon teeth and the complex dental enamel of carnivorous reptiles/ Nature Ecology & Evolution, 24.07.2024Global atmospheric methane uptake by upland tree woody surfaces/ Nature, 24.07.2024Chemical analysis of fragments of glass and ceramic ware from Tycho Brahe's laboratory at Uraniborg on the island of Ven (Sweden)/ Heritage Science, 25.07.2024Alle Quellen findet ihr hier.**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: Tiktok und Instagram.

Wir erzählen euch, warum Urin kleinen Seen schaden kann und warum die Welt Geier braucht. Was bringt CO2-Kompensation für mehr Klimaschutz bei Flugreisen wirklich? Und: Kopenhagen belohnt Touris, die sich nachhaltig verhalten.**********Zusätzliche InformationenAnne Preger und Aglaia Dane **********In dieser Folge:00:00:01 - Wieso wir besser nicht in Badeseen pinkeln sollten00:06:37 - Geier können Menschenleben retten00:12:52 - Flugreisen kompensieren - was bringt das wirklich dem Klimaschutz?00:19:40 - Wie Kopenhagen Touristen belohnt für nachhaltige Aktionen00:23:13 - Natursound: Das Plätschern des Kienbachs in Bayern**********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:Kritischer Sauerstoffverlust in Gewässern. Nature Ecology and EvolutionGeier-Massensterben in Indien fordert auch Menschenleben, Science.Diclofenac aus Schmerzgel landet in der Umwelt, UBAAnbieter im Test Wie kompensiere ich meine Reise am besten?, SpiegelKopenhagen belohnt Touristen für klimafreundliches VerhaltenAlle Quellen findet ihr hier.**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: Tiktok und Instagram.**********Ihr habt Anregungen, Ideen, Themenwünsche? Dann schreibt uns gern unter updateerde@deutschlandfunknova.de. Ihr könnt uns auch Sprachnachrichten an 0173 - 5401163 senden.Wichtig: Wenn ihr diese Nummer speichert und uns eine Nachricht schickt, akzeptiert ihr unsere Regeln zum Datenschutz und bei WhatsApp die Datenschutzrichtlinien von WhatsApp.

Roy L Hales/ Cortes Currents - So far, there have only been minor fires on Cortes, Quadra and Read Islands, but the BC government warns that the province will see more large fires in the future. “Longer, hotter summers lead to more droughts and a longer wildfire season. Dry conditions make it easier for lightning storms and strong winds to start fires. These fires can spread, combine and burn for longer.” This is not a local phonemenon. A new study published in the journal Nature Ecology & Evolution found that there has been more than a two fold increase in the number of wildfires, around the globe, during the past two decades. There was a 7-fold increase in Alaska, Canada and Russia. Lead author Calum Cunningham, from the University of Tsamania in Australia, told APF that, "The effects of climate change are no longer just something of the future. We are now witnessing the manifestation of a drying and heating atmosphere.”  Cunningham and his colleagues used satellite data to study the energy intensity of nearly 31 million daily fire events between 2003 and 2023. Their focus was about 2,900 extreme events.

African elephants call each other by and answer to individual names, a new study finds. Such communication is rare in the animal world.一项新的研究发现，非洲象会用名字互相呼唤，并对名字作出回应。这种交流在动物界非常罕见。African elephants are among the largest animals that live on land.非洲象是陆地上最大的动物之一。The names are one part of the low sounds, or rumbles, elephants make. They can hear these sounds over long distances where they live in the savannah – large grassy areas of land mixed with woodlands.名字是大象发出的低沉声音或轰鸣的一部分。它们可以在居住的稀树草原上听到这些声音，这些地方是大片草地和林地的混合区域。Scientists believe that animals with complex social structures may be more likely to use individual names.科学家认为，具有复杂社会结构的动物更有可能使用个人名字。Stuart Pimm of Duke University is an ecologist who was not involved with the study. He said, “If you're looking after a large family, you've got to be able to say, ‘Hey, Virginia, get over here!'”杜克大学的生态学家斯图尔特·皮姆没有参与这项研究。他说：“如果你在照顾一个大家庭，你必须能够说，‘嘿，弗吉尼亚，过来！'”It is extremely rare for animals to call each other by individual names. Humans have names, of course, and dogs and cats may react when their names are called.动物用名字互相称呼是极其罕见的。人类当然有名字，狗和猫在听到名字时也可能会有反应。Some ocean animals, including the dolphin, invent their own names when they are very young. And the birds called parrots may also use names.一些海洋动物，包括海豚，在很小的时候就会创造自己的名字。被称为鹦鹉的鸟类也可能使用名字。Each of these naming animals also have the ability to learn and say individual new sounds throughout their lives, as does the African elephant, the research shows.研究表明，这些起名字的动物也有能力在其一生中学习和发出新的独特声音，非洲象也是如此。The study was released in the publication Nature Ecology & Evolution. In the study, biologists used machine learning to find the use of names in recordings of savanna elephant sounds. The sounds were recorded at Kenya's Samburu National Reserve and Amboseli National Park.这项研究发表在《自然生态与进化》杂志上。在研究中，生物学家使用机器学习在记录的稀树草原象的声音中找到名字的使用。这些声音是在肯尼亚的桑布鲁国家保护区和安博塞利国家公园录制的。The researchers followed the elephants as they traveled to observe which one called out and which one appeared to answer.研究人员在跟踪大象旅行时观察哪只大象在呼唤，哪只大象似乎在回应。By examining only the audio data, the computer model predicted which elephant was being called 28 percent of the time, likely due to the inclusion of its name. When fed meaningless data, the model only correctly predicted eight percent of calls.通过仅检查音频数据，计算机模型在28%的时间内预测出了哪只大象被叫到，这很可能是由于包含了它的名字。当输入无意义的数据时，模型只正确预测了8%的呼叫。Biologist Mickey Pardo of Cornell University wrote the study. He said, “Just like humans, elephants use names, but probably don't use names in the majority” of their communications.康奈尔大学的生物学家米奇·帕尔多撰写了这项研究。他说，“就像人类一样，大象使用名字，但可能在大多数交流中并不使用名字。”The low rumbles elephants make also may include sounds that are below the range of human hearing. The scientists still do not know which sounds make up a name.大象发出的低沉轰鸣声也可能包括低于人类听觉范围的声音。科学家们仍然不知道哪些声音组成了名字。Researchers tested their results by playing recordings to individual elephants. The elephants reacted more energetically, moving their ears and lifting their trunks, to recordings that contained their names. Sometimes elephants did not react in any way to the sounds of elephant names other than their own.研究人员通过播放录音给单独的大象来测试他们的结果。大象对包含它们名字的录音反应更加积极，移动耳朵并抬起象鼻。有时大象对除了自己名字以外的大象名字的声音没有任何反应。Ecologist George Wittemyer of Colorado State University helped write the study. He also is a scientific adviser for the nonprofit Save the Elephants, which aims to protect the animal.科罗拉多州立大学的生态学家乔治·威特马尔帮助撰写了这项研究。他还是旨在保护大象的非营利组织“拯救大象”的科学顾问。He said, “Elephants are incredibly social, always talking and touching each other — this naming is probably one of the things that underpins their ability to communicate to individuals.”他说：“大象是非常社会化的动物，总是在交流和触摸彼此——这种命名可能是支持它们与个体交流能力的因素之一。”Wittemyer added, “We just cracked open the door a bit to the elephant mind.”威特马尔补充道：“我们只是稍微打开了一扇了解大象思维的门。”

It’s a New York edition of “Make Me Smart”! Marketplace’s Kristin Schwab joins Kimberly in the NYC bureau to discuss a growing trend in the city that never sleeps: Nightlife is winding down a lot earlier these days, and that might be good for businesses. But first, why Tornado Alley may be migrating east, and a deeper look into the legal loopholes of campaign finance. Plus, the rescue of an orphaned baby elephant is making us smile. Here’s everything we talked about today: “Tornadoes shifting east in the U.S., study finds, putting more people at risk” from The Washington Post “Everything You Need to Know About the New ‘Twisters’ Movie” from Parade “$800K transfer from billionaire donor to US Chamber raises curtain on dark money” from The Hill “Reservations at 5 p.m.? Why the early bird dinner is cool again” from The Globe and Mail “Forget Partying Till the Wee Hours. Newlyweds Want to End Early.” from The New York Times “This dance party made for elder Millennials ends at 10pm” from Time Out “6 p.m. dinner reservations are losing their stigma” from Marketplace “The Rescue of Toto” from Sheldrick Wildlife Trust “African elephants address one another with individually specific name-like calls” from Nature Ecology & Evolution “Scientists used AI to figure out elephants have names for themselves” from Business Insider We love to hear from you. Send your questions and comments to makemesmart@marketplace.org or leave us a voicemail at 508-U-B-SMART.

It’s a New York edition of “Make Me Smart”! Marketplace’s Kristin Schwab joins Kimberly in the NYC bureau to discuss a growing trend in the city that never sleeps: Nightlife is winding down a lot earlier these days, and that might be good for businesses. But first, why Tornado Alley may be migrating east, and a deeper look into the legal loopholes of campaign finance. Plus, the rescue of an orphaned baby elephant is making us smile. Here’s everything we talked about today: “Tornadoes shifting east in the U.S., study finds, putting more people at risk” from The Washington Post “Everything You Need to Know About the New ‘Twisters’ Movie” from Parade “$800K transfer from billionaire donor to US Chamber raises curtain on dark money” from The Hill “Reservations at 5 p.m.? Why the early bird dinner is cool again” from The Globe and Mail “Forget Partying Till the Wee Hours. Newlyweds Want to End Early.” from The New York Times “This dance party made for elder Millennials ends at 10pm” from Time Out “6 p.m. dinner reservations are losing their stigma” from Marketplace “The Rescue of Toto” from Sheldrick Wildlife Trust “African elephants address one another with individually specific name-like calls” from Nature Ecology & Evolution “Scientists used AI to figure out elephants have names for themselves” from Business Insider We love to hear from you. Send your questions and comments to makemesmart@marketplace.org or leave us a voicemail at 508-U-B-SMART.

It’s a New York edition of “Make Me Smart”! Marketplace’s Kristin Schwab joins Kimberly in the NYC bureau to discuss a growing trend in the city that never sleeps: Nightlife is winding down a lot earlier these days, and that might be good for businesses. But first, why Tornado Alley may be migrating east, and a deeper look into the legal loopholes of campaign finance. Plus, the rescue of an orphaned baby elephant is making us smile. Here’s everything we talked about today: “Tornadoes shifting east in the U.S., study finds, putting more people at risk” from The Washington Post “Everything You Need to Know About the New ‘Twisters’ Movie” from Parade “$800K transfer from billionaire donor to US Chamber raises curtain on dark money” from The Hill “Reservations at 5 p.m.? Why the early bird dinner is cool again” from The Globe and Mail “Forget Partying Till the Wee Hours. Newlyweds Want to End Early.” from The New York Times “This dance party made for elder Millennials ends at 10pm” from Time Out “6 p.m. dinner reservations are losing their stigma” from Marketplace “The Rescue of Toto” from Sheldrick Wildlife Trust “African elephants address one another with individually specific name-like calls” from Nature Ecology & Evolution “Scientists used AI to figure out elephants have names for themselves” from Business Insider We love to hear from you. Send your questions and comments to makemesmart@marketplace.org or leave us a voicemail at 508-U-B-SMART.

Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten: +++ Mehr Schutz vor sexueller Erpressung gefordert +++ Wombatbauten retten Tierleben +++ Was die Planetary-Health-Diät bringt +++**********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:Sextortion: Prevalence and correlates in 10 countries/ Computers in Human Behavior, Juni 2024Grant Linley Cameras reveal wombat burrows can be safe havens after fire and waterholes after rain/ The Conversation, 17.05.2024Planetary Health Diet Index and risk of total and cause-specific mortality in three prospective cohorts/ The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 10.06.2024Evidence for transient morning water frost deposits on the Tharsis volcanoes of Mars/ Nature Geoscience, 10.6.2024A somatic genetic clock for clonal species/ Nature Ecology and Evolution, 10.06.2024Alle Quellen findet ihr hier.**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: Tiktok und Instagram.

In a recent study, researchers found that the diet of some ancient hunter-gatherers primarily ate plant foods, including beans and grains, with only a small percentage of meat in their diet. This new understanding contrasts with the meat-centric modern Paleo diet. Listen in this week as Dee discusses the findings of the study, and what it means for your health.References:Moubtahij, Z., McCormack, J., Bourgon, N., Trost, M., Sinet-Mathiot, V., Fuller, B. T., Smith, G. M., Temming, H., Steinbrenner, S., Hublin, J.-J., Bouzouggar, A., Turner, E., & Jaouen, K. (2024). Isotopic evidence of high reliance on plant food among later Stone age hunter-gatherers at Taforalt, Morocco. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 8(5), 1035–1045. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-024-02382-z 

Task number three! The fact that we jokingly labelled it 'deer fetch-quest' in one of our thumbnails basically tells you everything you need to know. This week, we've got a deer that runs way too fast. That, and a man who has so far been way too used to hitting problems with a club having to take on a running challenge. Sources for this episode: Bejan, A., Gunes, U., Charles, J. D. and Sahin, B. (2018), The fastest animals and vehicles are neither the biggest nor the fastest over lifetime. Scientific Reports 8: 12925. Frazer, J. G. (1921), Apollodorus: The Library (Volume I). London: William Heinemann. Guerber, H. A. (1929), The Myths of Greece & Rome: Their Stories Signification and Origin. London: George G. Harrap & Company Ltd. Hirt, M. H., Jetz, W., Rall, B. and Brose, U. (2017), A general scaling law reveals why the largest animals are not the fastest. Nature Ecology & Evolution 1: 1116-1122. Oldfather, C. H. (1993), Diodorus of Sicily: the Library of History. Books IV.59- VIII. London and Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. Weil, S., African Wildlife Foundation (2013), Cheetahs: The World's Fastest Land Animal (online) (Accessed 06/05/2024). Wilson, A. M., Lowe, J. C., Roskilly, K., Hudson, P. E., Golabek, K. A. and McNutt, J. W. (2013), Locomotion dynamics of hunting in wild cheetahs. Nature 498: 185-189. Author unknown, Metric Conversions (date unknown), Meters per second to Kilometers per hour (online) (Accessed 06/05/2024).

Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten: +++ Klimawandel gefährdet europäische Wälder +++ T-Rex wohl doch nicht so schlau wie Paviane +++ Puzzelnde Gamer sollen Archäologen helfen +++**********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:A climate-induced tree species bottleneck for forest management in Europe. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 29.04.2024How smart was T. rex? Testing claims of exceptional cognition in dinosaurs and the application of neuron count estimates in palaeontological research, The Anatomical Record, 26.04.2024Open Reassembly, TU Graz, 2024Isotopic evidence of high reliance on plant food among Later Stone Age hunter-gatherers at Taforalt, Morocco, Nature Ecology & Evolution, 29.04.2024Distinct sensory hedonic functions for sourness in adults, Food Quality and Preference, Juli 2024Alle Quellen findet ihr hier.**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: Tiktok und Instagram.

Patas Monkeys are weird little guys with fabulous mustaches and very intricate relationships with a special tree on the African savannah. We talk acacias, ants, and the Lorax as Allan tries to make Nicole love just a single primate. Photos and more are at our site. Primary Sources: Palmer, T., Stanton, M., Young T., Goheen, J., Pringle, R., and Karban, R. 2008. Breakdown of an ant-plant mutualism follows the loss of large herbivores from an African savanna. Isbell, L. and Young, T. 2007. Interspecific and temporal variation of ant species within Acacia drepanolobium ant domatia, a staple food of patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas) in Laikipia, Kenya Dr. Seuss and the real Lorax. Dominy, N., Winters, S., Pease, D., Higham, J. 2018. Dr Seuss and the real Lorax. Nature Ecology & Evolution. Contact: Website Facebook Twitter TikTok info@grasslandgroupies.org Support us: Bonfire Merch Store Or donate: Donorbox

We look into the engineering reasons why the Francis Scott Key bridge collapsed after a ship crashed into it. Also, a new analysis finds that more viruses spread from humans to animals than from animals to humans.The Engineering Behind Why The Bridge In Baltimore CollapsedOn Tuesday, a large section of Baltimore's Francis Scott Key bridge collapsed after an enormous container ship lost power and collided with the structure. Two people were rescued from the water, two bodies were recovered, and four others are unaccounted for and presumed dead.The structural failure of the bridge, which cut off a key roadway and a major international shipping port, has many wondering why this happened. Does the fault lie in aging infrastructure or in the manner the container ship struck one of the bridge's main supports?Guest host Arielle Duhaime-Ross talks to journalist Swapna Krishna about the engineering reasons behind why the bridge collapsed and other top stories in science this week, including rockets NASA is launching during next week's solar eclipse, new research about how Homo sapiens traveled out of Africa, and visualizing the magnetic field of the black hole at the center of our galaxy.Mapping Out How Viruses Jump Between SpeciesIn the world of emerging infectious diseases, one of the looming threats comes from the so-called zoonotic diseases—pathogens that somehow make the jump from an animal host to a human one. This includes pathogens such as COVID-19 and avian influenza, a.k.a. bird flu, which can sometimes cross the species divide. But a new analysis published in the journal Nature Ecology and Evolution finds that when it comes to viruses, more viral species appear to have jumped from humans to animals than the other way around. And even more cases of interspecies transmission don't involve humans at all.Cedric Tan, a PhD student in the University College London Genetics Institute and Francis Crick Institute, joins guest host Arielle Duhaime-Ross to talk about the analysis, and what it tells us about our place in a global web of viruses.Transcripts for each segment will be available after the show airs on sciencefriday.com.  Subscribe to this podcast. Plus, to stay updated on all things science, sign up for Science Friday's newsletters.

How animals dealt with the ‘Anthropause' during COVID lockdowns (1:04)During the COVID lockdowns human behaviour changed dramatically, and wildlife scientists were interested in how that in turn changed the behaviour of animals in urban, rural and wilderness ecosystems. In a massive study of camera trap images, a team from the University of British Columbia has built a somewhat surprising picture of how animals responded to a human lockdown. Cole Burton, Canada Research Chair in Terrestrial Mammal Conservation at the University of British Columbia, was part of the team and their research was published in Nature Ecology & EvolutionScientists helping maintain an essential ice road to a northern community (9:40)The only ground connection between the community of Délı̨nę in the NWT and the rest of the country is a winter ice road that crosses Great Bear Lake. But climate warming in the north is making the season for the road shorter, and the ice on the lake less stable. A team of scientists from Wilfrid Laurier University, led by Homa Kheyrollah Pour, are supplementing traditional knowledge about the ice with drones, sensors, satellites and radar to help the community maintain a safe connection with the world.Stars nudging the solar system's planets leads to literal chaos (17:40)The orbits of the planets in our solar system are in a complex dance, orchestrated by the gravitational pull from the sun but influenced by their interactions with each other. Now, due the findings of a new study in The Astrophysical Journal Letters, that dance is a lot harder to predict. Nathan Kaib, from the Planetary Science Institute, said the chaos that stars passing by our solar system introduces to simulations deep into the past or far into the future make our planetary promenade predictions a lot less certain. A freaky fish, the gar, really is a living fossil because evolution has barely changed it (26:33)`The seven species of gar fish alive today are nearly indistinguishable from their prehistoric fossilised relatives that lived millions of years ago. Now in a new study in the journal Evolution, scientists describe why these “living fossils” have barely changed and why two lineages separated by 105-million years can hybridise. Chase Brownstein, a graduate student at Yale University, discovered the gar's genome has changed less over time than any other species we know, a finding which could hold the key to fighting human diseases like cancer.Water, water, everywhere. But will we have enough to drink? (33:47)To mark world water day, Quirks & Quarks producer Amanda Buckiewicz is looking at the challenges we're facing with our global freshwater resources. It's one of Nature's bounties, and vital to agriculture and healthy ecosystems. But climate change and overexploitation are creating a global water crisis as glaciers melt, snowpack becomes less predictable, rainfall patterns change, and we overdraw the global groundwater bank. We spoke with:Miina Porkka, associate professor from the University of Eastern Finland. Related paper published in the journal Nature.Christina Aragon, PhD student at Oregon State University. Related paper published in the journal Hydrology and Earth System Sciences.Katrina Moser, associate professor and chair of the department of Geography and Environment at Western University.Scott Jasechko, associate professor at the Bren School of Environmental Science and Management at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Related paper published in the journal Nature.

It's another Science Short, and today Fatu and Shekerah discover how bird eggs get their color–from brown, white, blue, speckled, and everything in between. To this day, scientists do not have a good understanding of why egg color developed in birds, but they do know that this trait co-evolved with the introduction of open-style bird nests, as opposed to covered nests. Open nests left bird eggs exposed and vulnerable to the outside environment, which led to one hypothesis that egg colors provide camouflage against potential predators. There are also other hypotheses that connect egg color to bacterial resistance, temperature regulation, and even female genetic fitness; literally as many hypotheses as there are egg color patterns. Even though it is still a big mystery as to why birds have colored eggs, how these colors are formed is not. Birds are only capable of making two pigments–blue and brown–and the different combinations of these pigments produce the diverse spectrum of all the colors we see in eggs. With domesticated birds such as chickens, however, egg color is directly linked to the breed of chicken. Specific breeds only lay specific colors, for example Orpingtons lay brown eggs, Ameraucana lay blue eggs, and the “olive egger” breeds lay olive-green eggs. Catch this episode to learn more about the egg-straordinary story of bird eggs and how they got their colors. Tune into this episode to learn more about:How scientists think different environmental pressures may be the key to why birds developed colored eggsWhat pigments are responsible for the diversity of color we see in bird eggs and how they are deposited on eggshells during egg developmentHow chicken egg colors are influenced by genetics and human selectionWhat causes speckling on bird eggsIf you enjoyed this episode, you'll also enjoy:We Love Birds Too!The Science behind Baking with Yeast The Accidental Discovery of Penicillin Read about the Nature Ecology and Evolution study Reach out to Fatu:www.linkedin.com/in/fatubmTwitter: @thee_fatu_band LoveSciencePodcast@gmail.com Reach out to Shekerah:www.linkedin.com/in/shekerah-primus and LoveSciencePodcast@gmail.com Music from Pixabay: Future Artificial Intelligence Technology 130 by TimMoorMusic from https://freemusicarchive.org/music/Scott_Holmes: Hotshot by ScottHolmesMusic

In this episode, Divya speaks with Mathew Mabele. Mathew is a Conservation Social Scientist, currently appointed as a lecturer in the Department of Geography at the University of Dodoma in Tanzania. Mathew's research uses the lenses of political ecology and decolonial thinking to shed light on the systemic structures and processes driving socio-ecological injustices. His work explicitly focuses on knowledge systems, power, and politics over framings of concepts such as biodiversity conservation, protected areas, human-wildlife coexistence, and sustainability.   Divya discusses Mathew's work on decolonizing conservation research in Tanzania. This conversation was based on Mathew's recent work highlighting the challenges of representation and the impacts of the global North funding on conservation research in the global South. Mathew's balanced perspective resonates throughout the discussion—not anti-global North, but rather, a call to recalibrate research practices for greater inclusivity and justice. The conversation concludes with a discussion on Mathew's other ongoing collaboration on the Convivial Conservation project, where he has collaborated with a large group of scholars to chart pathways for a socially just, democratic, and inclusive form of biodiversity governance.   References:  Mabele, M. B., Nnko, H., Mwanyoka, I., Kiwango, W. A., & Makupa, E. (2023). Inequalities in the production and dissemination of biodiversity conservation knowledge on Tanzania: A 50-year bibliometric analysis. Biological Conservation, 279, 109910. Mabele, M. B., Kiwango, W. A., & Mwanyoka, I. (2023). Disrupting the epistemic empire is necessary for a decolonial ecology. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 1-1. Kiwango, W. A., & Mabele, M. B. (2022). Why the convivial conservation vision needs complementing to be a viable alternative for conservation in the Global South. Conservation & Society, 20(2), 179-189. Mabele, M. B., Krauss, J. E., & Kiwango, W. (2022). Going Back to the roots: Ubuntu and just conservation in southern Africa. Conserv. Soc. 20, 92. Collins, Y. A., Macguire-Rajpaul, V., Krauss, J. E., Asiyanbi, A., Jiménez, A., Bukhi Mabele, M., & Alexander-Owen, M. (2021). Plotting the coloniality of conservation. Journal of Political Ecology. Corbera, E., Maestre-Andrés, S., Collins, Y. A., Mabele, M. B., & Brockington, D. (2021). Decolonizing biodiversity conservation. Journal of Political Ecology, 28, 889. Massarella, K., Nygren, A., Fletcher, R., Büscher, B., Kiwango, W. A., Komi, S., ... & Percequillo, A. R. (2021). Transformation beyond conservation: how critical social science can contribute to a radical new agenda in biodiversity conservation. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 49, 79-87. Büscher, B., & Fletcher, R. (2019). Towards convivial conservation. Conservation & Society, 17(3), 283-296.

Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten +++ Möglicherweise nutzbares Wasserstoff-Reservoir in Albanien entdeckt +++ Luftverschmutzung überdeckt Lock-Duftstoffe von Blüten für Bestäuber-Insekten +++ Von Amateuren gefundene Fossilien-Stätte ist für die Wissenschaft ein Volltreffer +++**********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:Update ErdeA deep reservoir for hydrogen drives intense degassing in the Bulqizë ophiolite, Science, 08.02.2024Label-Free Digital Holotomography Reveals Ibuprofen-Induced Morphological Changes to Red Blood Cells, ACS Nanoscience Au, 05.04.2023Olfaction in the Anthropocene: NO3 negatively affects floral scent and nocturnal pollination, Science, 08.02.2024The Cabrières Biota (France) provides insights into Ordovician polar ecosystems, Nature Ecology & Evolution, 09.02.2024Alle Quellen findet ihr hier.**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: Tiktok und Instagram.

Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten: +++ Seife gegen Moskitos +++ Reiche haben viel höheren CO2 Ausstoß +++ Schlaue Hunde kapieren Fingerzeig +++**********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:Vegetable oil-based surfactants are adjuvants that enhance the efficacy of neonicotinoid insecticides and can bias susceptibility testing in adult mosquitoes, PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 17.11.2023Klimagerechtigkeit schaffen, Website oxfam.de, Zugriff 20.11.2023Cognitive and sensory capacity each contribute to the canine spatial bias, Ethology, 19.11.2023Trait-based sensitivity of large mammals to a catastrophic tropical cyclone, Nature, 15.11.2023Nitrogen isotopes reveal independent origins of N2-fixing symbiosis in extant cycad lineages, Nature Ecology and Evolution, 16.11.2023Inhibition of ALDH2 by quercetin glucuronide suggests a new hypothesis to explain red wine headache, Scientific Reports, 20.11.2023**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: Tiktok und Instagram.

Questioning persistent myths about same-sex behaviour in natureCan we predict who we love from our genetics alone? For LGBT History Month in October, Dr. Kaylee Byers is joined by co-host Dr. Julia Monk to look at what our genes teach us about diverse forms of sexuality and identity. Starting by witnessing a pair of male penguins cozying up, our hosts join flippers to unearth research from naturalists who have recorded same-sex behaviour in the wild. Then they invite socio-geneticist Dr. Robbee Wedow to guide us through his own research, where he puts the question: "Is there a gay gene?" to the test.—Highlights:(00:30) A match made in pebbles(07:15) Buried papers, Darwinian Paradoxes, and reframing same-sex behaviour(20:27) Is there a Gay Gene? 'Damned if you do damned if you don't.'—Learn-A-Long: https://bit.ly/3FNfz8C—References:Gay Penguins Klaus, Jones ‘rekindled their romance' at Melbourne aquarium | New York Daily NewsNature is queer. Queer ecologists want us to learn from it. | GristIs nature Queer? | Out & About | CBCTerra Nova notebooks describing penguin sexual behaviours acquired by the Museum | Natural History MuseumAn alternative hypothesis for the evolution of same-sex sexual behaviour in animals | Nature Ecology & EvolutionLarge-scale GWAS reveals insights into the genetic architecture of same-sex sexual behavior | ScienceMany Genes Influence Same-Sex Sexuality, Not a Single ‘Gay Gene' | The New York TimesNo 'gay gene', but study finds genetic links to sexual behavior | ReutersHow Earnest Research Into Gay Genetics Went Wrong | Wired—Credit:Gentoo Penguin · Pygoscelis papua | xeno-canto"No Gay Gene"-Born This Way Is A Lie Says GOP Lawmaker | Michael McInteeAustralian current affairs programme "The 7.30 Report" (1995) "Gay Brains" | The 7.30 ReportNature or Nurture - Are People Born Gay? | Naked Science

Eles são fofos, fedidos e mortais. Separe trinta minutinhos do seu dia e descubra, com a Mila Massuda, o reino dos fungos (Fungi), sua classificação, morfologia e importancia ecológica. Apresentação: Mila Massuda (@milamassuda) Roteiro: Mila Massuda (@milamassuda) e Emilio Garcia (@emilioblablalogia) Edição: @Matheus_Heredia (@mewmediaLAB) Produção: Prof. Vítor Soares (@profvitorsoares) e BláBláLogia (@blablalogia) REFERÊNCIAS: ALLSUP, Cassandra M.; GEORGE, Isabelle; LANKAU, Richard A. Shifting microbial communities can enhance tree tolerance to changing climates. Science, v. 380, n. 6647, p. 835-840, 2023. BENGTSON, Stefan et al. Fungus-like mycelial fossils in 2.4-billion-year-old vesicular basalt. Nature Ecology & Evolution, v. 1, n. 6, p. 0141, 2017. CASADEVALL, Arturo; KONTOYIANNIS, Dimitrios P.; ROBERT, Vincent. On the emergence of Candida auris: climate change, azoles, swamps, and birds. MBio, v. 10, n. 4, p. 10.1128/mbio. 01397-19, 2019. DOMEIGNOZ-HORTA, Luiz A. et al. Direct evidence for the role of microbial community composition in the formation of soil organic matter composition and persistence. ISME Communications, v. 1, n. 1, p. 64, 2021. GAN, Tian et al. Cryptic terrestrial fungus-like fossils of the early Ediacaran Period. Nature Communications, v. 12, n. 1, p. 641, 2021. KUHAR, Francisco et al. Delimitation of Funga as a valid term for the diversity of fungal communities: the Fauna, Flora & Funga proposal (FF&F). IMA Fungus, v. 9, n. 2, p. A71-A74, 2018. MILLS, Benjamin JW; BATTERMAN, Sarah A.; FIELD, Katie J. Nutrient acquisition by symbiotic fungi governs Palaeozoic climate transition. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, v. 373, n. 1739, p. 20160503, 2018

Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten: +++ Gleichgeschlechtlicher Sex ist bei Rhesusaffen verbreitet und bringt Vorteile +++ Deutschland hinkt im EU-Vergleich bei strengem Naturschutz hinterher +++ Homeoffice bleibt auch nach der Corona-Pandemie weit verbreitet +++**********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:Same-sex sociosexual behaviour is widespread and heritable in male rhesus macaques, Nature Ecology & Evolution, 10.7.2023Analysing the distribution of strictly protected areas toward the EU2030 target, Biodiversity and Conservation, 25.6.2023Knapp ein Viertel aller Erwerbstätigen arbeitete 2022 im Homeoffice, Statistisches Bundesamt, 11.7.2023The silent impact of underground climate change on civil infrastructure, Communications Engineering, 11.7.2023The perception of silence, PNAS, 10.7.2023Species of Garra (Cyprinidae: Labeoninae) in the Salween River basin with description of an enigmatic new species from the Ataran River drainage of Thailand and Myanmar, Zootaxa, 30.6.2023**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: Tiktok und Instagram.**********Weitere Wissensnachrichten zum Nachlesen: https://www.deutschlandfunknova.de/nachrichten

Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten: +++ Indien schützt mit Tigern auch das Klima +++ Sterbende Körperzellen öffnen sich wie Reißverschluss +++ Neuralink darf Chips in menschlichen Hirnen testen +++ **********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:Climate co-benefits of tiger conservation. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 25.5.2023Structural basis of NINJ1-mediated plasma membrane rupture in cell death. Nature, 17.5.2023Ankündigung von Neuralink auf Twitter, 26.5.2023How many metazoan species live in the world's largest mineral exploration region? Current Biology, 25.5.2023Giardia duodenalis and dysentery in Iron Age Jerusalem. Parasitology, 26.5.2023Climate change is altering the physiology and phenology of an arctic hibernator. Science, 25.5.2023**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: Tiktok und Instagram.**********Weitere Wissensnachrichten zum Nachlesen: https://www.deutschlandfunknova.de/nachrichten

A team of scientists has found thriving communities of coastal creatures living thousands of miles from their original homes and now ensconced on plastic debris in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.  A new study published in the journal Nature Ecology & Evolution reports that dozens of species of coastal invertebrate organisms – including tiny crabs […]

Science Says Eat More Beans Beans are delicious, high in protein, inexpensive, efficient to grow, and an absolute staple in so many cuisines. So why don't Americans eat more of them? The average American eats 7.5 pounds of beans annually, which is only a few cans of beans every year. The answer is complicated, but one thing is sure: Beans have a PR problem. Ira talks with Julieta Cardenas, a Future Perfect Fellow at Vox, who reported this story. If you're looking to chef it up, read some of the SciFri staff's favorite bean recipes.    The World According To Sound: Feeding Time In this story from our friends at The World According to Sound, we'll take a sonic trip to Yellowstone National Park. You'll hear the sounds of two grizzlies feasting on a bison. It's very rare that a bear can take down an adult bison, but they will chow down on animals that are already dead, like if they were killed by wolves or a car. The World According to Sound is a live audio show, online listening series, and miniature podcast, created by Chris Hoff and Sam Harnett.   Bees Have Feelings, Too Few pollinators have the charisma of bees, so much so that the phrase “save the bees” has become a calling card for those who consider themselves ecologically-conscious. There are more than 21,000 species of bees, ranging from the very recognizable bumblebees to the vibrant blue and green Augochloropsis metallica. Pollination ecologist Stephen Buchmann has studied bees for nearly fifty years, learning about everything from their natural behaviors to how they respond to puzzles. All of this has led him to a fascinating conclusion: bees are sentient, and they have feelings. Stephen joins Ira from Tucson, Arizona to talk about his new book, What a Bee Knows. Read an excerpt from the book here.   Pinning Down The Origin Of Butterflies One of the highlights of being outdoors in warmer weather is spotting a delicate, colorful butterfly exploring the landscape. There are over 19,000 different species of butterflies around the world—and all of them evolved from some enterprising moth that decided to venture out in the daytime, around 100 million years ago. But just where that evolutionary fork in the road occurred has been a matter of scientific debate, with many researchers positing a butterfly origin in Australia or Asia. Writing this week in the journal Nature Ecology and Evolution, researchers report on a new phylogenetic map of butterfly evolution, a lepidopteran family tree, combining genetic data with information from fossils, plants, and geography to trace back the origin and spread of butterflies. They find that butterflies likely split from moths in what is now Central or North America, before spreading to South America, crossing oceans to Australia and Asia, and eventually spreading to Europe and Africa. Dr. Akito Kawahara, professor, curator, and director of the McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity at the Florida Museum of Natural History and one of the authors of the report, joins Ira to talk about the findings and share some other surprising facts about butterflies.   To stay updated on all-things-science, sign up for Science Friday's newsletters. Transcripts for each segment will be available the week after the show airs on sciencefriday.com.

Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten: +++ Menschliche DNA ist überall +++ Schmetterlinge kommen von Motten +++ Einkaufszentren sind immer das Gleiche +++**********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:Inadvertent human genomic bycatch and intentional capture raise beneficial applications and ethical concerns with environmental DNA, Nature Ecology & Evolution, 15. Mai 2023A global phylogeny of butterflies reveals their evolutionary history, ancestral hosts and biogeographic origins, Nature Ecology & Evolution, 15. Mai 2023Likely decline in the number of farms globally by the middle of the century, Nature Sustainability, 11. Mai 2023Gewalt im Amt. Übermäßige polizeiliche Gewaltanwendung und ihre Aufarbeitung, Campus-Verlag, 17. Mai 2023Global disruption of coral broadcast spawning associated with artificial light at night, Nature Communications, 15. Mai 2023Shopping-Center Report 2023, EHI, 2023**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: Tiktok und Instagram.**********Weitere Wissensnachrichten zum Nachlesen: https://www.deutschlandfunknova.de/nachrichten

Sick burn, breh--This week, Anna and Amber tackle the origins of fire use in the hominin archaeological record. We've taken a journalistic approach, so we've got What Fire, Where and When Fire, Why Fire, Who Fire, and How Fire. Plus, how do archaeologists look for evidence of fires that happened up to a million years ago? Amber also shares some Big Life Updates! To learn more: Microstratigraphic evidence of in situ fire in the Acheulean strata of Wonderwerk Cave, Northern Cape province, South Africa (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)When Did Early Humans Start Using Fire? To Find Answers, Scientists Enlist Artificial Intelligence (Smithsonian)Hidden signatures of early fire at Evron Quarry (1.0 to 0.8 Mya) (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)Fire Use (Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Anthropology)The Earliest Example of Hominid Fire (Smithsonian)Sparking controversy, or putting out the fire? (Nature Ecology & Evolution Community)Arsonist falcons suggest birds discovered fire before humans did (New Scientist)Phylogenetic rate shifts in feeding time during the evolution of Homo (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)Experimental Approaches to Archaeological Fire Features and Their Behavioral Relevance (Current Anthropology)Selection and Use of Manganese Dioxide by Neanderthals (Nature Scientific Reports)Fire Plow: Tips and Tricks (Fire and Fungi on YouTube)Bow Drill Friction Fire (Donny Dust on YouTube)

Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten: +++ Viele Gletscher werden verschwinden +++ Forschende haben eine vierte Hirnhaut-Schicht gefunden +++ Invasive Ratten beeinflussen das Leben auf tropischen Inseln bis ins Korallenriff hinein +++ **********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:Global glacier change in the 21st century: Every increase in temperature matters, Science, 05.01.2023ENSO: Recent Evolution, Current Status and Predictions, NOAA, 03.01.2023Terrestrial invasive species alter marine vertebrate behaviour, Nature Ecology & Evolution, 05.01.2023Meta-analysis on necessary investment shifts to reach net zero pathways in Europe, Nature Climate Change, 05.01.2023A mesothelium divides the subarachnoid space into functional compartments, Science, 05.01.2023US approves world's first vaccine for declining honey bees, BBC, 05.01.2023**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: Tiktok und Instagram.**********Weitere Wissensnachrichten zum Nachlesen: https://www.deutschlandfunknova.de/nachrichten

Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten: +++ Darmbakterien könnten Freude an Bewegung beeinflussen +++ Insektenwelt am Polarkreis hat sich stark verändert +++ Hunden dient Schwanz wohl zur Kommunikation +++ **********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:A microbiome-dependent gut–brain pathway regulates motivation for exercise/ Nature, 14.12.2022Plant–pollinator network change across a century in the subarctic/ Nature Ecology & Evolution, 02.01.2023Cross-talk between red blood cells and plasma influences blood flow and omics phenotypes in severe COVID-19/ eLife, Dezember 2022.The death of the Black Prince: a case of disease in 1376 that changed the course of English history/ BMJ Military Health, Dezember 2022MIKROBE DES JAHRES 2023 Bacillus subtilis – für Gesundheit und Technik/ VAAM, 29.12.2022Tail wags the dog is unsupported by biomechanical Modeling of Canidae Tails Use during Terrestrial Motion/ Biorxiv, 31.12.2022**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: Tiktok und Instagram.**********Weitere Wissensnachrichten zum Nachlesen: https://www.deutschlandfunknova.de/nachrichten

The amount of forestland has increased in parts of Canada in the last hundred years. But what's green isn't necessarily good for biodiversity. In this episode of Below the Canopy, we speak to Dr. Matthew Betts, whose research confirms what many already suspected: that when naturally diverse forests are degraded through intensive management, biodiversity will suffer. Dr. Betts explains the importance of conducting long-term ecological research, the usefulness of birds as a biodiversity indicator species, and how forest degradation is impacting wildlife in eastern Canada.Resources and further reading:Forest degradation drives widespread avian habitat and population declines, Betts et al., Nature Ecology & Evolution, 2022Replanting one type of tree is not enough to stop clearcutting harm, study finds, CBC News, 2022Why forest complexity matters for biodiversity and resilience, Community Forests International, 2022We would like to acknowledge the Government of Canada for supporting this project.Podcast artwork by Emma Hassencahl-Perley and Erin Goodine.Sign up for Community Forests International's newsletter to stay up to date with Below the Canopy and the rest of our work!To support Community Forests International, please visit: https://forestsinternational.org/donate/.

Neexistuje univerzálně platný model pandemie, k tomuto závěru došel mezinárodní výzkum, na kterém se podíleli i čeští vědci. Inovativní metoda analýzy starého pylu ukázala, že například České království pandemie moru zásadně nezasáhla. O rozsáhlé studii Nature Ecology and Evolution ve Studiu Leonardo mluví paleoekolog Petr Pokorný.Všechny díly podcastu Studio Leonardo můžete pohodlně poslouchat v mobilní aplikaci mujRozhlas pro Android a iOS nebo na webu mujRozhlas.cz.

Good afternoon, I'm Hope Ngo with today's episode of EZ News. **Tai-Ex opening ** The Tai-Ex opened down 45-points this morning from yesterday's close, at 14,404 on turnover of 2.6-billion N-T. The market lost ground on Monday, amid a downturn in large cap semiconductor stocks on the back of fears of a pullback after recent gains, although the losses were limited by rebounds (彈回) in non-tech sectors. Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing lost 1.03-per cent and that dragged down the electronics sector by 0.77-per cent, while the semiconductor sub-index ended the trading day down 0.96-per cent. **Morris Chang Confirms that TSMC is set to Rollout 3nm Chips in US ** Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing founder Morris Chang has confirmed that his company will expand its investment in the U-S state of Arizona to produce chips made using the advanced 3-nanometer process. Chang's comments are the first confirmation of the next phase (階段) of the chipmaker's expansion plans following the current 12-billion U-S dollar plan to build a complex in Arizona. Production at the facility is scheduled to begin in 2024 using the 5-nanometer process. According to Chang, members of the U-S Congress and President Joe Biden have been invited to a ceremony on December 6 marking the installation of the first batch of production equipment at the Arizona plant. **'King of Protests' Ke Tsi-hai Dead of Natural Causes ** The Shilin District Prosecutors' Office says a forensic examination (法醫檢驗) has found that Ke Si-hai died of natural causes. Ke, who was dubbed the "King of Protests" for his frequent placard protests in the late 1990s and early 2000s, was found dead in a van on Yangmingshan National Park in Taipei on Monday. He was 66. Prosecutors says his body has been sent back to members of his family who accepted the conclusion that Ke died of natural causes. Ke was an activist who was notorious for showing up at the scene of news events with protest placards and appearing behind people speaking on camera in TV news reports. **China Locks Down Guangzhou ** The southern Chinese metropolis of Guangzhou has locked down its largest district as it tries to tamp down a major COVID-19 outbreak, suspending public transit and requiring residents to present a negative test if they want to leave their homes. The outbreak is testing China's attempt to bring a more targeted approach to its zero-COVID policies while facing multiple outbreaks. China is the only major country in the world still trying to curb virus transmissions (傳播) through strict lockdown measures and mass testing. In Beijing, the capital reported two more COVID-19-related deaths. On Sunday, the city reported China's first COVID-19 death in over six months. **US VP to Fly to Palawan ** U.S. Vice President Kamala Harris is set to fly to a western Philippine island province at the edge of the South China Sea to amplify (發揮，展示) America's support to its treaty ally and underline U.S. interest in freedom of navigation in the disputed waters. Her visit comes as a new confrontation erupted in the contested waterway ahead of her visit… when the Philippine navy alleged a Chinese coast guard vessel had forcibly seized Chinese rocket debris as Filipino sailors were towing it to their island. Harris is to visit a small fishing community in Palawan and board a coast guard patrol ship. She will also speak about the importance of international law, freedom of navigation and unimpeded commerce in the South China Sea. **Carp-e- dine'em ** A roasted carp meal is helping scientists determine how long people have been using fire to cook their food. The new study, published in the journal Nature Ecology and Evolution, is based on material from a watery site on the shores of an ancient lake in Israel. Jackie Quinn reports. That was the I.C.R.T. news, Check in again tomorrow for our simplified version of the news, uploaded every day in the afternoon. Enjoy the rest of your day, I'm _____.

This week on World Ocean Radio: a summary of fifteen new ocean challenges as identified by the conclusions of thirty conservation experts around the world, published in a July 2022 report in the journal "Nature Ecology and Evolution." About World Ocean Radio 5-minute weekly insights dive into ocean science, advocacy and education hosted by Peter Neill, lifelong ocean advocate and maritime expert. Episodes offer perspectives on global ocean issues and viable solutions, and celebrate exemplary projects. Available for syndicated use at no cost by college and community radio stations worldwide.

Impact Factor 1000, épisode 3 : Œil & Neuro-atypies (00:00:37) | Peste & Origine (00:11:25) | Ours & Génome (00:24:42) | Sorties (00:37:03) Notre Twitter : @ImpF1000 Œil & Neuro-atypies (00:00:37) Article IFLScience [EN] Article scientifique Frontiers in Neurosciences [EN] Définition et description TDAH Chiffres et statistiques TSA Electrorétinogramme Peste & Origine (00:11:25) Article scientifique de Nature [EN] Article sur l'histoire de la peste par National Geographic [EN] Article de Philip Slavin (un des auteurs de l'article scientifique) [EN] Ours & Génome (00:24:42) Article Sciences et Avenir Article Wired [EN] Article scientifique Nature Ecology & Evolution [EN] Sorties (00:37:03) Exposition "Chasseurs d'images : la photographie aéronautique" (Biscarosse) Exposition "Mission corps humain" (Chambéry) Double-exposition Les requins (Saint-Brieuc) Eco-volontariat scientifique Musique d'intro : Robozobo - Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ En savoir plus sur notre podcast : https://www.impact-factor1000.fr/2019/07/07/impact-factor-1000-a-propos/

Ocean CDR is attracting attention from many corners of the climate community. In recent episodes, we've covered global policy developments in Ocean CDR regulation and research with Wil Burns and the business challenges in the space with two startups working to develop commercial methods to remove CO2 from the ocean. On this episode we complete the trilogy with a look at some recent science on the topic, focusing on the outstanding scientific questions that we'll need to be answered before Ocean CDR can be deployed safely and effectively. First, we look at a 2021 paper from D A Siegel et al., which assesses how long CO2 stored in seawater will remain sequestered in the ocean based on the given location and depth of the process. Then we'll discuss a Perspective piece from Nature: Ecology and Evolution from Boyd, Bach, and Hurd et al. Researchers suggested some possible unintended ecological consequences of proposed large-scale kelp planting, such as widespread drift of kelp into new ecosystems and the spread of invasive species. The authors outlined potential research metrics which should be established to evaluate the safety of ‘ocean afforestation.' Joining us on this episode to talk about the scientific challenges of assessing the safety of ocean carbon storage are Dr. Shannon Valley, United States Geological Survey Postdoctoral Scholar at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, and Dr. David Ho, a professor at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/carbonremovalnewsroom/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/carbonremovalnewsroom/support

On this episode we're joined by Dr. Matt Tocheri to discuss The Cannibal in the Jungle (2015), an Animal Planet mockumentary which blurs the line between fact and fiction. The (fictional) story centres around a team of ornithologists who were attacked by a group of Homo floresiensis (the so-called “hobbits”), which happen to be Matt's area of expertise. We discuss hominin evolution, biogeography, and the boundaries between entertainment and misinformation. Get in touch with us! Twitter: @SotSA_Podcast Facebook: @SotSAPodcast Letterboxd: https://letterboxd.com/sotsa/ Email: screensofthestoneage@gmail.com In this episode: Watch the director's cut here: https://www.simongeorgedirector.com/amerikan-kanibal Homo Floresiensis and the myth of the ebu gogo: https://aeon.co/ideas/investigating-homo-floresiensis-and-the-myth-of-the-ebu-gogo Between Ape and Human: An Anthropologist on the Trail of a Hidden Hominoid By Gregory Forth: https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Between-Ape-and-Human/Gregory-Forth/9781639361434 Ghostwatch (1992) BBC Halloween special: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQfMTktMZLQ Wolf Creek (2005): https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0416315/ The Flores Scops Owl: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flores_scops_owl What is the Wallace Line? https://www.thoughtco.com/the-wallace-line-1224711 Evans et al. (2020). Mitogenomics of macaques (Macaca) across Wallace’s Line in the context of modern human dispersals. Journal of Human Evolution, 146, 102852: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102852 Teixeira et al. (2021). Widespread Denisovan ancestry in Island Southeast Asia but no evidence of substantial super-archaic hominin admixture. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 5 (5), 616-624: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-021-01408-0

On this episode we're joined by Dr. Matt Tocheri to discuss The Cannibal in the Jungle (2015), an Animal Planet mockumentary which blurs the line between fact and fiction. The (fictional) story centres around a team of ornithologists who were attacked by a group of Homo floresiensis (the so-called “hobbits”), which happen to be Matt's area of expertise. We discuss hominin evolution, biogeography, and the boundaries between entertainment and misinformation. Get in touch with us!Twitter: @SotSA_Podcast Facebook: @SotSAPodcastLetterboxd: https://letterboxd.com/sotsa/ Email: screensofthestoneage@gmail.com In this episode:Watch the director's cut here: https://www.simongeorgedirector.com/amerikan-kanibal Homo Floresiensis and the myth of the ebu gogo: https://aeon.co/ideas/investigating-homo-floresiensis-and-the-myth-of-the-ebu-gogo Between Ape and Human: An Anthropologist on the Trail of a Hidden Hominoid By Gregory Forth: https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Between-Ape-and-Human/Gregory-Forth/9781639361434 Ghostwatch (1992) BBC Halloween special: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQfMTktMZLQ Wolf Creek (2005): https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0416315/The Flores Scops Owl: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flores_scops_owlWhat is the Wallace Line? https://www.thoughtco.com/the-wallace-line-1224711 Evans et al. (2020). Mitogenomics of macaques (Macaca) across Wallace's Line in the context of modern human dispersals. Journal of Human Evolution, 146, 102852: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102852 Teixeira et al. (2021). Widespread Denisovan ancestry in Island Southeast Asia but no evidence of substantial super-archaic hominin admixture. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 5 (5), 616-624: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-021-01408-0

In today's NBN Environmental Studies interview, dancer, performer, and literary scholar Dr. Taylor Eggan joins us to speak about his new book Unsettling Nature: Ecology, Phenomenology, and Settler Colonial Imagination (University of Virginia Press, 2022). A text best described as an intellectual bestiary using environmental philosophy, literary theory, settler colonial studies, decolonial theory, and speculative realism, Unsettling Nature addresses logics embedded with ecological homecoming narratives rooted in idealistic notions of getting back to nature. By applying the impressive catalog of critical theory combined with an array of unique literary artifacts, Eggan transports the reader from the American West to Southern Africa, exploring the complex dynamics of colonial homemaking throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Structured around six chapters and two excursus, Unsettling Nature identifies the root of logics of elimination and erasure within the coloniality of nature, informing contemporary ecological homecoming narratives. Concluding the text by evoking exo-phenomenology, Eggan illustrates how unsettling settler legacies can be performed through "sustained practices of reciprocity and acts of solidarity" to recognize and resolve the uncanny anxieties of alienation and belonging embedded in Western approaches to homemaking and being. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

In today's NBN Environmental Studies interview, dancer, performer, and literary scholar Dr. Taylor Eggan joins us to speak about his new book Unsettling Nature: Ecology, Phenomenology, and Settler Colonial Imagination (University of Virginia Press, 2022). A text best described as an intellectual bestiary using environmental philosophy, literary theory, settler colonial studies, decolonial theory, and speculative realism, Unsettling Nature addresses logics embedded with ecological homecoming narratives rooted in idealistic notions of getting back to nature. By applying the impressive catalog of critical theory combined with an array of unique literary artifacts, Eggan transports the reader from the American West to Southern Africa, exploring the complex dynamics of colonial homemaking throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Structured around six chapters and two excursus, Unsettling Nature identifies the root of logics of elimination and erasure within the coloniality of nature, informing contemporary ecological homecoming narratives. Concluding the text by evoking exo-phenomenology, Eggan illustrates how unsettling settler legacies can be performed through "sustained practices of reciprocity and acts of solidarity" to recognize and resolve the uncanny anxieties of alienation and belonging embedded in Western approaches to homemaking and being. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/critical-theory

In today's NBN Environmental Studies interview, dancer, performer, and literary scholar Dr. Taylor Eggan joins us to speak about his new book Unsettling Nature: Ecology, Phenomenology, and Settler Colonial Imagination (University of Virginia Press, 2022). A text best described as an intellectual bestiary using environmental philosophy, literary theory, settler colonial studies, decolonial theory, and speculative realism, Unsettling Nature addresses logics embedded with ecological homecoming narratives rooted in idealistic notions of getting back to nature. By applying the impressive catalog of critical theory combined with an array of unique literary artifacts, Eggan transports the reader from the American West to Southern Africa, exploring the complex dynamics of colonial homemaking throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Structured around six chapters and two excursus, Unsettling Nature identifies the root of logics of elimination and erasure within the coloniality of nature, informing contemporary ecological homecoming narratives. Concluding the text by evoking exo-phenomenology, Eggan illustrates how unsettling settler legacies can be performed through "sustained practices of reciprocity and acts of solidarity" to recognize and resolve the uncanny anxieties of alienation and belonging embedded in Western approaches to homemaking and being. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/environmental-studies

In today's NBN Environmental Studies interview, dancer, performer, and literary scholar Dr. Taylor Eggan joins us to speak about his new book Unsettling Nature: Ecology, Phenomenology, and Settler Colonial Imagination (University of Virginia Press, 2022). A text best described as an intellectual bestiary using environmental philosophy, literary theory, settler colonial studies, decolonial theory, and speculative realism, Unsettling Nature addresses logics embedded with ecological homecoming narratives rooted in idealistic notions of getting back to nature. By applying the impressive catalog of critical theory combined with an array of unique literary artifacts, Eggan transports the reader from the American West to Southern Africa, exploring the complex dynamics of colonial homemaking throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Structured around six chapters and two excursus, Unsettling Nature identifies the root of logics of elimination and erasure within the coloniality of nature, informing contemporary ecological homecoming narratives. Concluding the text by evoking exo-phenomenology, Eggan illustrates how unsettling settler legacies can be performed through "sustained practices of reciprocity and acts of solidarity" to recognize and resolve the uncanny anxieties of alienation and belonging embedded in Western approaches to homemaking and being. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/intellectual-history

Forest degradation is driving declines in bird habitat and populations in the maritimes. That's according to a new study released today in Nature Ecology and Evolution. Matt Betts led the research. He's a Professor of Forest Ecology at Oregon State University and a New Brunswicker.

Diversos indicadores mostram que a ciência não é feita de maneira uniforme pelo mundo, incluíndo grandes prêmios e a distribuição de publicações e citações. Parte da explicação é que os países desenvolvidos investem mais em ciência. Em áreas como a paleontologia, foco deste episódio, isso significa que os fósseis desses países desenvolvidos vão ser coletados em maior número e melhor estudados, e seus museus terão um grande acervo. Mas esses acervos contém inúmeros fósseis provenientes de países como o nosso, e nem sempre é claro como eles foram parar lá. Nossa convidada é a Aline Ghilardi, professor a do Departamento de Geologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, e uma das autoras de um estudo recente, quantitativo, publicado na "Nature Ecology and Evolution", sobre o colonialismo científico e porque ele é ruim não só para a ciência dos países menos desenvolvidos mas para a ciência em geral. Participaram da conversa os professores do Departamento de Física da UFRGS, Jeferson Arenzon e Carolina Brito. Produção e edição: Jeferson Arenzon Créditos da Imagem: Os Caçadores da Arca Perdida, Paramount Pictures

Monarch butterflies are beautiful insects and have an interesting life cycle and migration pattern, but they are rapidly declining into possible extinction. Therefore, everyone should take steps to plant, protect and improve monarch breeding habitats across North America. Episode Hosts: Jacey Cerda, Claire Kazen Course Coordinators & Podcast Ringmasters: Colleen Duncan, Molly Carpenter, Treana Mayer Audio Engineer: Ethan Fagre Special Guests: Dr. Jaret Daniels is an associate professor specializing in lepidoptera research and insect conservation at the University of Florida He also has a position at the Florida Museum of Natural History as assistant director of exhibits and public programs and assistant curator of Lepidoptera. Dr. Daniels is involved in national butterfly conservation initiatives, including the launch of a butterfly-inspired beer at breweries across the country, which you can read about here: https://news.ufl.edu/2021/10/monarch-beer/ Carol Seemueller is a citizen scientist in Fort Collins, CO, who has championed monarch conservation in her own backyard and in the classroom. Katie-Lyn Bunneycoordinates education and outreach for Monarch Joint Venture (MJV), which is a national nonprofit working to connect federal and state agencies, other nonprofits, community groups, businesses, and education programs for the conservation of monarchs and other pollinators. MJV is a great resource for those looking to support monarch butterflies and their migration. You can find these resources here: https://monarchjointventure.org/get-involved References Forister, ML, Halsch, CA, Nice, CC, Fordyce, JA, Dilts, TE, Oliver, JC, Prudic, KL, Shapiro, AM, Wilson, JK, and Glassberg, J. 2021. Fewer butterflies seen by community scientists across the warming and drying landscapes of the American West. Science 371:1042-45. Nestle, R, Daniels, JC, and Dale, AG. 2020. Mixed-species gardens increase monarch oviposition without increasing top-down predation. Insects 11:648 Pelton, EM, Schultz, CB, Jepsen, SJ, Hoffman Black, S, and Crone, EE. 2019. Western monarch population plummets: status, probable causes, and recommended conservation actions. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 7:258. Thogmartin, WE, Widerholt, R, Oberhauser, K, Drum, RG, Diffendorfer, JE. Altizer, S, Taylor, OR, Pleasants, J, Semmens, D, Semmens, B, Erickson, R, Libby, K, and Lopez-Hoffman, L. 2017. Monarch butterfly population decline in North America: identifying the threatening processes. R. Soc. Open. Sci. 4:170760. Zylstra, ER, Ries, L, Neupane, N, Saunders, SP, Ramirez, MI, Rendon-Salina, E, Oberhauser, KS, Farr, MT, and Zipkin, EF. 2021. Changes in climate drive recent monarch butterfly dynamics. Nature Ecology and Evolution. 5:1441-1452.

Uno studio su come i cambiamenti climatici abbiano modificato la biodiversità in Italia è stato pubblicato su Nature Ecology & Evolution da un gruppo di ricercatori dell'università degli studi di Milano e del CNR e rivela i notevolissimi cambiamenti che si sono verificati sul territorio, sul clima e sulla biodiversità italiani. Servendosi dei dati raccolti negli ultimi 150 anni, gli studiosi italiani hanno analizzato, per la prima volta, gli effetti prodotti dai cambiamenti climatici, dalla crescita della popolazione umana e dai cambiamenti nell'uso del suolo sulla biodiversità degli invertebrati in Italia. Il team guidato dal Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali dell'università di Milano ha dimostrato come il clima (temperatura e precipitazioni), la densità di popolazione e gli ecosistemi siano rapidamente cambiati in modo impressionante: infatti, nell'ultimo secolo, le temperature sono salite in media di 2° C, mentre, nello stesso periodo, le precipitazioni sono diminuite in media del 12%. Inoltre, la densità di popolazione umana è aumentata in modo costante fino al 1980, per poi stabilizzarsi sui livelli attuali ( comunque, circa 6 volte più elevati rispetto all'inizio della serie). In questo contesto, la quantità di habitat naturali e seminaturali è diminuita fino al 1950, per poi recuperare intorno al 15%, soprattutto nelle aree di montagna. Gli studiosi dell' università di Milano e del CNR sottolineano che i cambiamenti nelle precipitazioni sono il fattore che ha avuto l' impatto più rilevante sulla biodiversità: le comunità animali sono, infatti, cambiate soprattutto nelle aree in cui le precipitazioni sono diminuite maggiormente, comportando, in genere, un aumento dei tassi di estinzione. Tra l'altro, gli impatti delle precipitazioni sono stati particolarmente forti nelle aree che hanno registrato un aumento di popolazione umana. Gli aumenti delle temperature hanno, invece, avuto un impatto inferiore sulla biodiversità rispetto ai cambiamenti delle precipitazioni e «come atteso – si legge nell'articolo - l'aumento delle aree naturali ha avuto effetti benefici sulla diversità, favorendo la colonizzazione e l'incremento della diversità, mentre l'aumento della popolazione umana è stato usualmente associato a decrementi in diversità biologica. Ciò evidenzia ancora una volta come il disturbo umano e gli impatti diretti e indiretti abbiano effetti deleteri sulle comunità biologiche». In sostanza, secondo gli autori della ricerca, anche se spesso gli studi sugli impatti del cambiamento climatico sulla biodiversità si concentrano prevalentemente sull'effetto degli aumenti delle temperature, nelle aree mediterranee come l'Italia, non bisogna, comunque, assolutamente trascurare gli effetti delle precipitazioni, che possono avere impatti davvero drammatici. L'Italia è uno dei Paesi in cui la biodiversità è studiata da più tempo, tanto è vero che le collezioni dei nostri musei forniscono elementi di valutazione preziosissimi, permettendo di ricostruire i cambiamenti che sono avvenuti nel nostro Paese negli ultimi 150 anni e di stabilire un legame diretto tra mutamenti ambientali e perdita di biodiversità. Capire quanto è successo diviene, dunque, una base di partenza fondamentale per gestire i cambiamenti che sono in corso ora e che avverranno nei prossimi decenni.

El elefante es un animal fantástico. Su enorme tamaño, su alargada y versátil trompa, sus enormes orejas y preciados colmillos o su inteligencia son características que le han permitido ganarse el respeto de la mayoría de la humanidad, aunque, desgraciadamente para ellos, otros humanos no duden en ponerlos al borde de la extinción. Los elefantes pertenecen al orden de mamíferos que se conoce como proboscidios, un grupo de animales que en el pasado fue muy rico, con gran diversidad de especies, que fueron desapareciendo hasta que, en la actualidad tan sólo quedan tres. Comprender cómo ha sido el camino evolutivo de ese conjunto fantástico de animales es lo que nos enseña el artículo publicado en la revista científica Nature Ecology and Evolution por nuestro invitado, el investigador de la Universidad de Alcalá Juan López Cantalapiedra y un equipo internacional de científicos. Os invitamos a escuchar la entrevista.

El elefante es un animal fantástico. Su enorme tamaño, su alargada y versátil trompa, sus enormes orejas y preciados colmillos o su inteligencia son características que le han permitido ganarse el respeto de la mayoría de la humanidad, aunque, desgraciadamente para ellos, otros humanos no duden en ponerlos al borde de la extinción. Los elefantes pertenecen al orden de mamíferos que se conoce como proboscidios, un grupo de animales que en el pasado fue muy rico, con gran diversidad de especies, que fueron desapareciendo hasta que, en la actualidad tan sólo quedan tres. Comprender cómo ha sido el camino evolutivo de ese conjunto fantástico de animales es lo que nos enseña el artículo publicado en la revista científica Nature Ecology and Evolution por nuestro invitado, el investigador de la Universidad de Alcalá Juan López Cantalapiedra y un equipo internacional de científicos. Os invitamos a escuchar la entrevista.

Neste episódio, uma conversa fascinante. O tema é uma pesquisa* divulgada recentemente na revista Nature Ecology and Evolution sobre biodiversidade e a possibilidade de descoberta de novas espécies de vertebrados terrestres. Nela, os cientistas apontam o Brasil como um dos maiores potenciais para essa descoberta no mundo! E para explicar melhor sobre o tema, Paulina Chamorro conversa com Mario Moura, biólogo da Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), um dos porta-vozes do estudo. No quadro #PeloOceano, o bate-papo é sobre a relação entre clima e oceano com a doutora em ecologia e especialista em conservação marinha, Ana Paula Prates. E no quadro Mundo Real, Claudio Angelo traz o estudo do Imazon sobre regularização fundiária e grilagem. *A pesquisa faz parte do projeto Map of Life https://mol.org/ (Mapa da vida), que tem como objetivo mapear a distribuição de todos os seres vivos do planeta e também foi desenvolvido um mapa interativo online com os resultados do estudo. A pesquisa foi financiada pela National Science Foundation, NASA, National Geographic e E. O. Wilson Biodiversity Foundation.

Learn about how quadruple-helix DNA could help us fight cancer; how diversity improves technology, with materials scientist Ainissa Ramirez; and how cats domesticated themselves.  Quadruple-helix DNA exists - and it might be useful for fighting cancers by Cameron Duke Rare quadruple-helix DNA found in living human cells with glowing probes. (2021). EurekAlert! https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2021-01/icl-rqd011321.php  Researchers Observe Formation of Four-Stranded DNA in Living Human Cells | Biology, Genetics | Sci-News.com. (2020). Breaking Science News | Sci-News.com. http://www.sci-news.com/biology/dna-g-quadruplexes-human-cells-08693.html  Scientists Discover Quadruple Helix DNA in Human Cells | Genetics | Sci-News.com. (2013). Breaking Science News | Sci-News.com. http://www.sci-news.com/genetics/article00835.html  Summers, P. A., Lewis, B. W., Gonzalez-Garcia, J., Porreca, R. M., Lim, A. H. M., Cadinu, P., Martin-Pintado, N., Mann, D. J., Edel, J. B., Vannier, J. B., Kuimova, M. K., & Vilar, R. (2021). Visualising G-quadruplex DNA dynamics in live cells by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. Nature Communications, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20414-7  Additional resources from Ainissa Ramirez: Pick up "The Alchemy of Us: How Humans and Matter Transformed One Another" on Amazon: https://amzn.to/2MyB4l8  Ainissa's website: https://www.ainissaramirez.com/  Ainissa Ramirez on Twitter: https://twitter.com/ainissaramirez  In True Feline Fashion, Cats Domesticated Themselves by Anna Todd Ottoni, C., et. al. (2017). The palaeogenetics of cat dispersal in the ancient world. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 1(7). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-017-0139  Smith, C. (2017, June 19). Cats Domesticated Themselves, Ancient DNA Shows. National Geographic News. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2017/06/domesticated-cats-dna-genetics-pets-science/  Subscribe to Curiosity Daily to learn something new every day with Cody Gough and Ashley Hamer. You can also listen to our podcast as part of your Alexa Flash Briefing; Amazon smart speakers users, click/tap “enable” here: https://www.amazon.com/Curiosity-com-Curiosity-Daily-from/dp/B07CP17DJY  See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Episode Notes This is Receding Horizons, Episode 1, where we talk about biology, the science of life, both on Earth and in the realm of the cosmos. We also talk about dinosaurs. Our guest in this episode is Andrew Maurer. Andrew has a bachelor of science in biology from the University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, received in 2016. His research interests span comparative herpetological phylogenetics and paleobiological studies, as well as genomic mapping and comprehensive studies in Aves, Lissamphibia, and Squamata. He is currently a data entry worker at MicroGenDX in Lubbock, TX. Previously, he's been a shift lead and veterinary assistant at Banfield Pet Hospital in North Wales, Pennslyvania, and was an intern at the Harleysville Veterinary Clinic. Recorded on 8 February 2021. 00:00:00 - Introduction 00:01:13 - Andrew Maurer 00:04:22 - Paleobiological detective work 00:12:04 - What's your favorite dinosaur? 00:14:42 - How do you determine past behavior? 00:17:14 - Paleontology and astronomy 00:18:40 - Dinosaur constellations 00:19:53 - Oldest surviving DNA 00:22:26 - Extraterrestrial reptiles 00:23:39 - Yoshi 00:24:45 - The definition of life 00:31:26 - A Prime Directive for humanity 00:37:06 - Why carbon? 00:44:51 - Life on moons 00:47:14 - A forum of scientific discussion 00:51:21 - Memetics 00:57:16 - Replicators 00:59:18 - Not the climax of creation 01:02:53 - Fermi paradox 01:05:52 - Earliest life on Earth 01:08:50 - Photosynthesis 01:10:51 - Nucleosynthesis 01:13:51 - The biomass distribution on Earth 01:21:01 - Extraterrestrial plants 01:27:44 - Cosmological natural selection 01:30:01 - Consciousness and anxiety 01:36:33 - Cosmological metal bands 01:39:15 - The frontiers of science 01:42:27 - Closing remarks 01:46:48 - Outro Sources: 00:07:51 - Spinosaurus (Credit: M. Bowler, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...) 00:08:06 - Spinosaurus (Credit: M. Witton, https://dinopedia.fandom.com/wiki/Spi...) 00:10:39 - Theropoda (Credit: ABelov2014, C. Homler, E. Willoughby, D. Bogdanov, R. Nicholls, N. Tamura, and K. Rex, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...) 00:11:00 - "Figure 2. Biogenesis and transport of melanosomes in mammalian epidermal melanocytes" (Credit: M. Fukuda, "Organizational Cell Biology", Encyclopedia of Cell Biology, 2016, https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/...) 00:13:01 - Allosaurus (Credit: F. Wierum, http://www.dinochecker.com/gallery/al...) 00:38:32 - The elements of life (Credit: Dana Berry/SkyWorks Digital Inc.; SDSS Collaboration, https://phys.org/news/2017-01-element...) Check out these awesome paleoartists and wildlife photographers: ABelov2014, https://www.deviantart.com/abelov2014 Dmitry Bodganov, https://www.deviantart.com/dibgd Julius T. Csotonyi, https://csotonyi.com/ Michael DiGiorgio, https://www.mdigiorgio.com/ Daniel Eskridge, https://daniel-eskridge.pixels.com/ Robert Nicholls, http://paleocreations.com/ Nobu Tamura, http://spinops.blogspot.com/ Frederic Wierum, https://fredthedinosaurman.artstation... Emily Willoughby, https://www.emilywilloughby.com/ Mark Witton, http://www.markwitton.com/ Related papers and books: H. C. Betts, M. N. Puttick, J. W. Clark, T. A. Williams, P. C. J. Donoghue, D. Pisani, "Integrated Genomic and Fossil Evidence Illuminates Life's Early Evolution and Eukaryote Origin", Nature Ecology & Evolution, 2, 1556-1562 (2018), https://www.nature.com/articles/s4155... J. H. Jiang, A. J. Zhai, J. Herman, C. Zhai, R. Hu, H. Su, V. Natraj, J. Li, F. Xu, and Y. L. Yung, "Using Deep Space Climate Observatory Measurements to Study the Earth as an Exoplanet", The Astronomical Journal, 156:26, 1-17 (2018), https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/aac6e2 D. Lambert, "The Kingfisher Young People's Book of the Universe", Kingfisher, (2001), https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/3... Q. Li, K.-Q. Gao, J. Vinther, M. D. Shawkey, J.A. Clarke, L. D'Alba, Q. Meng, D. E. G. Briggs, R. O. Prum, "Plumage Color Patterns of an Extinct Dinosaur", Science, Volume 327, Issue 5971, 1369-1372 (2010), https://science.sciencemag.org/conten... A. Sandberg, S. Armstrong, M. Cirkovic, "That Is Not Dead Which Can Eternal Lie: The Aestivation Hypothesis for Resolving Fermi's Paradox" (2017), https://arxiv.org/abs/1705.03394 A. Sandberg, E. Drexler, T. Ord, "Dissolving the Fermi Paradox", (2018), https://arxiv.org/abs/1806.02404 F. M. Smithwick, R. Nicholls, I. C. Cuthill, J. Vinther, "Countershading and Stripes in the Theropod Dinosaur Sinosauropteryx Reveal Heterogeneous Habitats in the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota", Current Biology, Volume 27, Issue 21, P3337-3343.E2 (2017), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.09... YouTube link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ieP96trrbdk

Roger Whitson and Christian Haines, managing editors of Gamers with Glasses, interview Alenda Chang, professor of film and media studies at UC - Santa Barbara, author of Playing Nature: Ecology in Video Games. We discuss what games teach us about nature, playing outside versus playing video games, using games to understand climate change, Chang's design work, playing as plants and non-human animals, the ecological costs of gaming, and much more!

The gang discusses two papers about interesting finds in the bones of fossil vertebrates. The first paper looks at the evolution of bony parts in early fishes, and the second paper shows a fascinating example of ontological change in a species of sauropod dinosaur. Meanwhile, Amanda’s best ideas are ignored, James has unconventional bread opinions, Curt offers some advice, and everyone spends their time just negging a baby.   Up-Goer Five (Curt Edition): Our friends look at two papers that look at things with a back. The first paper looks at the hard parts that make up these early things that lived in the water. Many people think that some of these early things do not have inside hard parts that are the same as the inside hard parts of other things that are around today which move in the water. However, this paper looks at one of these early things and finds that it does have these inside hard parts. And it turns out, that things that appear after it then lost these inside hard parts. What we thought before was wrong; these inside hard parts seem to have appeared and disappeared in these early things that move through the water. The next paper is about a baby that is not good to look at. The baby is of a very big animal with four legs and a long neck. This is the first time we have seen a baby of this animal and it looks very strange. The eyes of the baby are more forward than the eyes of the grown up, meaning that the eyes must move as the baby gets older. This is not something that anyone thought would happen before we found this baby. There is a lot to talk about with this baby, but our friends just talk about how weird it is.   References: Kundrát, Martin, et al. "Specialized Craniofacial Anatomy of a Titanosaurian Embryo from Argentina." Current Biology (2020). Brazeau, Martin D., et al. "Endochondral bone in an Early Devonian ‘placoderm’ from Mongolia." Nature: Ecology and Evolution (2020).

In this episode, Sarah Shainker tells us about how population genetic structure works differently in river drainages; Kelle Freel recaps her reading on the history of rabbits and rabbit-killing viruses in Australia; Jeremy Yoder reports on his misadventures in sourdough starter cultivation and the community genetics of everyone's new favorite hobby; and Katie Grogan talks about the sites she follows for professional development tips, going all the way back to grad school. You can hear more about the history of rabbit introduction and (attempts at) ecological management in Australia on these two episodes of Stuff You Missed in History Class. There's more testimony and recommendations to fight racism in science, and our fields specifically, in this Nature feature, this editorial in Nature Ecology and Evolution, and this open letter to the EEB community on Medium. You can find the podcast hosted on Anchor.fm, or on Apple Podcasts, Pocket Casts, and Spotify — or you can add the RSS feed directly to your podcast-management app of choice. Whatever service you use, consider taking a moment to rate or even review the podcast, which will help us build an audience. The music in this episode is Leroy Anderson's “The Syncopated Clock,” performed on piano by Markus Staab and available under a Creative Commons license via Musopen. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/molecular-ecologist/message

En nouvelle diffusion: Anne Baecher brosse le portrait d'Ignace Semmelweis, un obstétricien hongrois du XIXe siècle. Il fut le premier à encourager lʹhygiène des patients et en particulier le lavage des mains. Une injonction qui lui a valu une vie et une carrière jonchées de contrariétés. "Le charme secret de notre graisse" est un livre qui s'efforce de raconter, avec une jolie narration accessible à tout le monde, le monde complexe de nos tissus adipeux. Anne Baecher s'est plongée dans cet ouvrage aussi digeste quʹun yoghourt. Huma Khamis se penche sur le rôle que notre alimentation a joué et joue encore sur notre évolution. Depuis 500 millions d'années et la sortie de l'eau de nos ancêtres, l'apparition des premiers hominidés et nous, l'alimentation a évolué et a entrainé des modifications génétiques. Avec Christelle Vangenot, biologiste et informaticienne à lʹUnité dʹanthropologie de lʹUniversité de Genève (Unige), et Estella Poloni, généticienne des populations à l'Unige. Face au réchauffement climatique, les espèces marines sont plus promptes à se déplacer vers le frais que les espèces terrestres. Ce constat ressort dʹune étude franco-américaine publiée dans la revue "Nature Ecology & Evolution". Les explications de l'ingénieur en sciences forestières Jonathan Lenoir, chargé de recherche CNRS au Laboratoire écologie et dynamique des systèmes anthropisés de l'Université de Picardie Jules Verne.

Face au réchauffement climatique, les espèces marines sont plus promptes à se déplacer vers le frais que les espèces terrestres. Ce constat ressort dʹune étude franco-américaine publiée dans la revue "Nature Ecology & Evolution". Les explications de l'ingénieur en sciences forestières Jonathan Lenoir, chargé de recherche CNRS au Laboratoire écologie et dynamique des systèmes anthropisés de l'Université de Picardie Jules Verne.

As our high streets are becoming increasingly deserted by humans, it's becoming apparent that we aren't the only creatures roaming our cities. Birds are still chirping away out there. A city is not a natural place for a bird, but some species manage to thrive. Intelligence was once thought to be the deciding factor, but maybe that's not the whole story, as put forward by new research in Nature Ecology and Evolution. Melanie Jans-Singh found out more from UCL's Alexander Pigot... Like this podcast? Please help us by supporting the Naked Scientists

As our high streets are becoming increasingly deserted by humans, it's becoming apparent that we aren't the only creatures roaming our cities. Birds are still chirping away out there. A city is not a natural place for a bird, but some species manage to thrive. Intelligence was once thought to be the deciding factor, but maybe that's not the whole story, as put forward by new research in Nature Ecology and Evolution. Melanie Jans-Singh found out more from UCL's Alexander Pigot... Like this podcast? Please help us by supporting the Naked Scientists

The remarkable Thylacine (or 'TASMANIAN TIGER') was a carnivorous marsupial that existed in Australia and Tasmania up until 1936. DNA exists that could allow us to clone one - but should we?MARK from Evolution Soup catches up with PROFESSOR ANDREW PASK from his home in Melbourne, Australia to talk about Thylacine history, biology, and how he was able to successfully sequence its genome.Andrew Pask is the Professor of BioSciences the University of Melbourne. He has published over 100 papers on developmental genetics particularly using eutherian-marsupial comparisons. Of note, his recent work involved sequencing the genome of the extinct thylacine and was the feature article in Nature Ecology and Evolution.02:06 Were you always interested in extinct animals?03:31 Why did the Tasmanian Tiger go extinct?06:57 Talk about the Thylacine & 'convergent evolution'.09:52 FOOTAGE OF THYLACINE (Hobart Zoo, 1930s)11:04 What do we know about the zoo specimens?13:15 Can we clone a Thylacine?17:34 SCANS OF THYLACINE JOEY24:24 What happens after we clone a one?30:31 Could there still be Tasmanian Tigers out there?#tasmaniantiger #thylacine #extinctLink to original video interview: https://youtu.be/m8VORE95D7sLINKS FOR ANDREW PASK:Websites: http://pasklab.biosciences.uom.org.au/https://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/individuals/professor-andrew-paskTwitter: @AJ_PaskEmail: ajpask@unimelb.edu.auInterviews powered by https://streamyard.com/EVOLUTION SOUPYouTube: http://www.youtube.com/c/evolutionsoupFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/evolutionsoup/Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.co.uk/evolutionsoup/Instagram: @evolution_soupRSS feed: https://feeds.buzzsprout.com/354743.rssSupport the show (https://www.patreon.com/user?u=2279893&ty=h&u=2279893)

Jair Bolsonaro voltou a atacar ambientalistas nesta quinta-feira (6), pelo segundo dia seguindo. O presidente está em campanha pelo projeto de lei que autoriza a exploração de mineradoras em terras indígenas. A investida ocorre na mesma semana em que pesquisadores brasileiros publicaram na revista científica Nature Ecology & Evolution um artigo-manifesto contra a política ambiental do governo, no qual apontam caminhos a serem adotados na área. Esse é o tema central do “Durma com essa”, que também traz o correspondente do Nexo em Paris, João Paulo Charleaux, falando sobre a reclamação de diplomatas brasileiros feita a políticos franceses que cobram solução para o caso Marielle Franco. Da redação em São Paulo, o repórter especial Camilo Rocha comenta a recente decisão do Superior Tribunal do Trabalho que não viu relação trabalhista entre um motorista de Uber e a empresa dona do aplicativo de transportes. Links para os materiais citados: Quais áreas indígenas as mineradoras querem explorar Link para o gráfico: https://www.nexojornal.com.br/grafico/2017/04/19/Quais-%C3%A1reas-ind%C3%ADgenas-as-mineradoras-querem-explorar Help restore Brazil’s governance of globally important ecosystem services Link para o artigo na Nature Ecology & Evolution: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-019-1093-x https://www.nexojornal.com.br/

Quase 25% de todos os mamíferos conhecidos são morcegos e há uma fauna rica constituída por esses animais na região intertropical. Morcegos podem se alimentar de frutos, sementes, folhas, néctar, pequenos animais e, em poucos casos, de sangue. São responsáveis pela polinização e dispersão de sementes de diversas espécies vegetais. Pesquisadores brasileiros e estrangeiros, organizaram uma força-tarefa científica para identificar e estudar interações entre morcegos e plantas. O estudo Compreendendo as regras de montagem de uma rede multicamadas continental foi publicado na Nature Ecology & Evolution. Confira, no Ondas da Ciência!

近日，一个国际研究团队已经将“生命节奏”和“生命形态”确定为动物生命周期中影响不同物种生存方式的两个关键因素。“生命节奏”与动物成熟的速度、预期寿命以及繁殖后代的速度有关。“生命形态”涉及到动物繁殖或死亡几率在其整个生命周期中是如何分布的。这项研究发表在《Nature Ecology & Evolution》上。

The 2019 Royal Society Summer Science exhibition in London is free to enter and continues until Sunday 7th July. BBC Inside Science this week comes from the Society’s HQ in central London. BepiColombo and the X-rays from Mercury Prof Emma Bunce, has been part of the team that last year launched an x-ray telescope on a space probe to Mercury. It will be a long journey, not arriving until 2025. As Emma describes, the MIXS instrument, designed and built in the UK, will analyze the x-rays emitted by the different chemicals on the planet’s surface, and so build a map of the abundancies of different atoms across the terrifyingly hostile world. This is only possible because of the strength of the x-rays coming from the sun that strike the atoms on the surface, eliciting a distinctive signature re-emitted back into space. Capuchin Monkeys and their Tools Tomos Proffitt and colleagues announced in a recent paper in the journal Nature Ecology and Evolution their study of archaeological evidence of Brazil’s capuchin monkeys using stones and anvils to smash cashew nuts for at least the last 3000 years. It is not the oldest evidence of non-human primate tool use but it is the oldest for monkeys, and suggests tantalisingly that tool use may have emerged in hominin species independently and on numerous occasions. Molecular Music Chemistry and music pupils at Ilkley Grammar School in the UK have been working together with The University of Bradford to create music specific to different molecules. As A-Level students Amelia Milner and Matthew Hodson describe to Adam, they took the distinctive frequencies of the bonds in certain molecules found in nature and transposed them onto the chromatic musical scale. Then the musicians composed pieces using only that set of notes that evoked some of the properties of the molecules. AI Drivers and Machine Learning Genovefa Kefalidou shows Adam a self-driving car circling a track at the exhibition. The technology to identify and track different objects is getting better, and machine learning algorithms can map human actions onto different scenarios to find appropriate responses, but is society ready to trust and accept the benefits they might bring? Presenter: Adam Rutherford Composers: Amelia Milner, Matthew Hodson (water, aspirin) and Daniel Burgess (cinnamic acid) Producer: Alex Mansfield

Neste episódio do Ciência USP, fazemos uma visita às ciências sociais para conversar com Eduardo Marques, do Centro de Estudos da Metrópole e do Departamento de Ciência Política da USP. Ele é organizador de um livro chamado As políticas do urbano em São Paulo, lançado no final de 2018. O livro traz resultados de um projeto de pesquisa que analisou as políticas públicas que constroem a cidade, como habitação, transporte e coleta de lixo. Só que o foco não foram as políticas em si, mas sim a governança por trás delas. Em outras palavras: quem são as pessoas e instituições que influenciam as políticas do urbano. Também neste episódio, falamos sobre um unicórnio pré-histórico. Nada parecido com o personagem mitológico que é figurinha recorrente na cultura pop e nas fantasias de carnaval, o Elasmotherium sibiricum tinha proporções mais próximas às de um mamute do que às de um cavalo. Segundo uma pesquisa publicada na revista científica Nature Ecology & Evolution, ele viveu até pelo menos 39 mil anos atrás. Época em que já havia Homo sapiens por aí! Ficha técnica Apresentação e reportagem: Silvana Salles Redação: Luiza Caires e Silvana Salles Sonorização: Rafael Simões Consultoria científica: Gabriel de Souza Ferreira (doutorando em Biologia Comparada pela FFCLRP-USP) Vinheta: Cido Tavares e Míriam Ramos Este podcast tem conteúdos da ONU News e UN-HABITAT.

Het is nu officieel door de wetenschap vastgesteld. De moderne mens heeft in het verre verleden in dezelfde tijdsperiode geleefd als dé echte eenhoorn. Geen elegant wit paard met een klein sierlijk hoorntje op het hoofd, maar wel de Siberische eenhoorn: een harige kolos zo groot als een olifant, met een hoorn minstens zo groot als een kind. En snel rennen kon hij ook al. Nederlandse onderzoekers van de Universiteit Groningen en Universiteit Leiden hebben de beenderen van een aantal fossielen gedateerd, en kwamen er op uit dat het dier 39.000 jaar geleden minstens nog in leven was. En dat is meer dan 200.000 jaar later dan we eerst dachten. Zouden we het dier dan ook echt ontmoet hebben? We vragen het aan Margot Kuitems. Zij is promovenda in stabiele isotopen en onderzoeker op het gebied van koolstofdatering (Rijksuniversiteit Groningen en de Universiteit Leiden), en werkte mee aan de datering van de beenderen. Margot en haar collega's publiceerden hun bevindingen in Nature Ecology en Evolution.

Een groot internationaal netwerk van biologen en ecologen slaagde er in 2016 voor het eerst in om een gedetailleerde database van de vegetatiesamenstelling over heel onze aardbol te maken. sPlot heet die databank. Maar liefst 1.1 miljoen onderzochte gebiedjes en 26.000 planten, grassen en boomsoorten werden verzameld, met als doel om meer te weten te komen over de leefomstandigheden van het groen op aarde. Nu brengen ze de eerste resultaten van die database naar buiten in het wetenschappelijke tijdschrift Nature Ecology en Evolution. De database is nuttig, omdat het op een zeer gedetailleerd niveau overzicht biedt van de samenstelling van verschillende soorten planten en bomen in een gebied. Zo kunnen de onderzoekers nauwkeurige verbanden zoeken tussen de aanwezigheid van sommige planten en andere factoren. Want hoewel bepaalde elementen zoals klimaat en type bodem op grote schaal een rol spelen, blijkt nu dat er door kleinere factoren nog veel speling mogelijk is in de samenstelling van planten in een gebied. Het zijn onder meer begrazing, menselijke exploitatie, competitie of samenwerking tussen planten, de vruchtbaarheid van de grond, en lokale rampen die een belangrijke rol kunnen spelen. We praten over het nut van de databank met Peter van Bodegom, hoogleraar milieubiologie aan de Universiteit Leiden, die veel aan de database heeft bijgedragen.

Do you love chocolate? Well, according to new research from UBC, Ancient South Americans were the first to taste - and possibly love - chocolate. The study, published online today in Nature Ecology & Evolution, suggests that cacao—the plant from which chocolate is made—was domesticated, or grown by people for food, around 1,500 years earlier than previously thought. How was the chocolate grown, and how was it enjoyed?   Guest: Michael Blake Study co-author professor in the UBC department of anthropology

Chapter 1 Hot question of the day The rotating Canada Post strikes are expected to impact the arrival of electoral reform ballots. Have you received your ballot in the mail? Yes No   Chapter 2 How are the rotating Canada Post strikes impacting the mailing of the referendum ballots? Guest: Andrew WatsonCommunications Manager, Elections BC   Chapter 3 Haunted BC – Mountain View Cemetery The oldest cemetery in Vancouver is the final resting place for many of those who fell ill with the catastrophic Spanish Flu. Find out who else is buried in this history BC cemetery. Amir Ali has the story…   Chapter 4 True Crime with NBC's Keith Morrison Are you a fan of true crime? Veteran Keith Morrison routinely covers murder and mayhem as a correspondent for “Dateline”, and he joins us today to discuss his career in journalism and the rise of true crime.  Keith Morrison will be the keynote speaker at tonight's Webster Awards. Guest: Keith Morrison Award-winning correspondent for Dateline NBC   Chapter 5 Haunted BC – The Ghost Ship Valenica Did you know that BC has its own phantom ship? Sometimes called “the Titanic of the West,” sailors have reported seeing the Valencia long after she sank off the coast of Vancouver Island in 1906. Niki Reitmayer has the story…   Chapter 6 Ancient South Americans tasted chocolate 1,500 years before anyone else Do you love chocolate? Well, according to new research from UBC, Ancient South Americans were the first to taste - and possibly love - chocolate. The study, published online today in Nature Ecology & Evolution, suggests that cacao—the plant from which chocolate is made—was domesticated, or grown by people for food, around 1,500 years earlier than previously thought. How was the chocolate grown, and how was it enjoyed?   Guest: Michael Blake Study co-author professor in the UBC department of anthropology

Så kom Bamse endeligt med i Spækbrættet, og han er klar til at fortælle om datalogiens biologer! Flemming stirrer ned i en tam rævs genom og lærer en dyb sandhed om sig selv, mens Mark fortæller om den største pandemi i verden som ingen over 25 år har hørt om! Nå ja og så er der Robin, ham svenskeren, det afslører nye dybder af sig selv i dette afsnit! Hør det, elsk det. Køb vores merch! https://shop.spreadshirt.dk/spaekbraettet-shop/ Giv os fem stjerner på iTunes! https://itunes.apple.com/dk/podcast/spækbrættet/id1391141040?mt=2 Send os water hilarious science på facebook eller spaekbraettet@gmail.comMusical credit: Bensound.com - Bensound.com with "Funky Suspense"Kilder:Red fox genome assembly identifies genomic regions associated with tame and aggressive behaviours - Kukekova et al, Nature Ecology & Evolution 2018The untapped potential of virtual game worlds to shed light on real world epidemics - Eric Lofgren and Nina Fefferman, Lancet Infect Dis 2007Software engineering process models for mobile app development: A systematic literature review, Jabangwe et al. Journal of Systems and Software 2018Support the show (https://spaekbraettet.10er.app/)

This is a replay from S1 E8: Do you think it’s possible to build future communities of belonging and connection? Living in a culture that values the immediacy and efficiency of life has placed a strain on the importance of connection and belonging to our natural roots. Open your heart and mind with an educational and engaging chat with Brett Holmquist, co-founder and Executive Director at Ravenwood Outdoor Learning Center. Listen as we explore how to cultivate the “survival skill of belonging” and why it's important for young people to learn the beginning steps of fearless self-love in community as well as on our own.   How nature can teach us about gratitude and belonging How our connection to nature relates to our level of connection within ourselves/others How to help our youth foster self-sufficiency and self-love   Links Mentioned : Ravenwood Outdoor Learning Center http://ravenwoodolc.org Jon Young’s “Coyote Mentoring” Book https://wildearth.org/shop/books/coyotes-guide-to-connecting-with-nature Wilderness Awareness School in Duvall, WA https://wildernessawareness.org/about/about Jake and Judy Swamp, http://www.thetrackingproject.org/ttp/native-communities/remembering-jake-tekaronianeken-swamp/

Nisäkkäät ja linnut selviävät ilmastonmuutoksesta todennäköisemmin kuin liskot ja vaihtolämpöiset. Asia käy ilmi maanantaina Nature Ecology & Evolu .. Lisää >> http://ift.tt/2rNQ0RP

New research from Dr. Adrian Treves and his colleagues Drs. Francisco Santiago-Avila and Ari Cornman highlights that lethal management of wolves to prevent depredation of livestock on properties in Michigan may be ineffective and could create detrimental effects for neighbouring properties. The paper, titled Killing wolves to prevent predation on livestock may protect one farm but harm neighbors, was published by Public Library of Science, or PLOS One earlier this month. The researchers were given access to 16 years of data on wolf depredation and control in Upper Michigan and used multiple methods to analyze it. What they found was, in their words, that “given the evidence available, we cannot conclude that lethal management had the desired effect of preventing future livestock losses. There is also evidence of a spill-over effect to other properties in the region. The questions raised by this study play into a paper published by Dr. Treves with several colleagues in Nature Ecology and Evolution, titled Intergenerational equity can help to prevent climate change and extinction. This is an important subject that combines ethics, environmental sciences, and how we as a society, and as a species, must look at what we’re doing today and how it will impact tomorrow’s world. Dr. Adrian Treves of the Carnivore Coexistence Lab at the University of Wisconsin-Madison joined Defender Radio to explore the implications of his latest wolf depredation study, the importance of adapting policies to match science, and how we can all play a role in safeguarding wildlife and the environment for future generations. Support the Defender Radio Patreon with as little as $1/month at Patreon.com/DefenderRadio!

Grace, Jon, and Jeff jump right into the fray this week to talk about a recent, divisive article in Nature Ecology and Evolution about the papers every ecologist should be reading.

Mutant Proteins and Protein Evolution (starts 4:42) CU School of Medicine professor David Pollock explains why he has devised a new way to identify and predict both the evolution of proteins and disease causing protein mutations.    Pollock's highly technical model uses an analogy about a physical model called the Stokes Shift to help explain the biochemical properties of how proteins change, for better or worse.  Pollock's study has just been published in the journal Nature Ecology and Evolution.  Its title is “Sequence entropy of folding and the absolute rate of amino acid substitutions.”  Additionally, he has written a "behind the paper" explanation for a more general audience to explain the concepts being explored in his ground-breaking research. Soonish: Ten Emerging Technologies That’ll Improve and/or Ruin Everything (starts 15:00) Dr. Kelly Weinersmith is an adjunct assistant professor in the BioSciences Department at Rice University. She specializes in the study of parasites.  But her curiosity has taken her well beyond parasites to ask all-encompassing questions, such as, what will the future will look like – the future of space research, medicine, robots, and, well, humans.  These topics are all part of Weinersmith's new funny-serious book.  It’s called Soonish: Ten Emerging Technologies That’ll Improve and/or Ruin Everything. Weinersmith co-authored the book with her husband, Zach.  They'll be at book signings this week Denver and Boulder. Hosts: Shelley Schlender, Susan Moran Producer, Engineer: Shelley Additional Contributions: Beth Bennett Executive Producer: Beth Bennett