Podcasts about Luxi

A 24.hu Kormányinfóról való távolmaradásával kezdett, majd a legfrissebb közvélemény-kutatási adatok és az eljövendő vámbéke irányába indult Bánszegi Rebeka, Jankovics Márton és Pető Péter a mai Háromharmadban. Mire következtethetünk abból, hogy Orbán Viktor belpolitikai ellenfelekkel foglalkozik? Árthat-e Magyar Péternek a „magyar demokrácia legsötétebb napja" és mi maradt a régi ellenzéknek azon kívül, hogy megválaszthatják a legkedvükre valóbb megsemmisülést?

Baionatik abiatu zen zakutotan bere puskak -tartean pare bat kimono- bilduta, eta etxekoei ia abisurik eman gabe. Frantzia, Suitza, Alemania, Polonia eta errepublika Baltikoak pasa ditu. Errusian ere egin du sartu-irtena, bertako mugazainek egin itaunketak, hara itzultzeko gogoa kendu dio....

Baionatik abiatu zen zakutotan bere puskak -tartean pare bat kimono- bilduta, eta etxekoei ia abisurik eman gabe. Frantzia, Suitza, Alemania, Polonia eta errepublika Baltikoak pasa ditu. Errusian ere egin du sartu-irtena, bertako mugazainek egin itaunketak, hara itzultzeko gogoa kendu dio....

Last time we spoke about the beginning of the Chinese Civil War. By early 1927, Chiang Kai-Shek had assembled a team of right-wing KMT members and anti-communist allies like Dai Jitao and Wu Tiecheng, strategizing to sever ties with the Soviet Union and garner support from local gentry, merchants, and international diplomats. Despite publicly maintaining a façade of supporting the Soviet alliance, Chiang Kai-Shek was secretly preparing an anti-communist campaign. The turning point came on April 12, 1927, when Chiang's forces, with the help of the Green Gang, launched a brutal attack on CCP members and workers in Shanghai, marking the beginning of the Shanghai Massacre. This violent crackdown spread across the country, leading to the collapse of the first united front between the KMT and CCP. In the aftermath, the CCP called for mobilization against the KMT, sparking further conflicts such as the Wuhan-Nanjing war and the Nanchang Uprising. Key CCP leaders like He Long and Zhou Enlai emerged during this period, setting the stage for the next phase of the Chinese Civil War.   #119 The Nanchang & Autumn Harvest Uprisings Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. We left off in the midst of the Nanchang uprising. On August the 1st the CCP 2nd front army had successfully inflicted 3000 casualties and captured more than 5000 small arms of various types, 700,000 rounds of ammunition and a few cannons. With more and more CCP aligned units arriving the army needed to be reorganized. It was decided the uprising army would continue to use the designation of 2nd front army of the NRA with He Long serving as its commander in chief and Ye Ting as his deputy. Ye Ting would also command the 11th army consisting of the 24th, 25th and 10th divisions, Nie Rongzhen would be his CCP party representative; He Long would command the 20th Army consisting of the 1st and 2nd divisions with Liao Qianwu as his CCP party representative. Zhou Enlai with Zhu De as his deputy would lead the 9th army with Zhu Kejing as his CCP party representative. Altogether they were 20,000 strong and now very well armed.  On August 2nd, tens of thousands of people gathered in Nanchang to celebrate the great victory and the establishment of the revolutionary committee. This drew a large number of new recruits, particularly young students. Upon hearing the news of the uprising, Wang Jingwei urgently dispatched Zhang Fakui and Zhu Peide to quell the uprisers. On August the 3rd in accordance with orders from the CCP Central Committee the 2nd front army withdrew from Nanchang heading south along the Fu River. This withdrawal became known as the “little long march”. They planned to enter Guangdong province via Ruijin and Xunwu where they would first occupy Dongjiang. They hoped there they could develop further forces, perhaps gain foreign aid and if all went spectacularly capture Guangzhou. Upon entering Jinxian county, the commander of the 10th Division, Cai Tingkai expelled the communists from his ranks and instead took his division northeast into Jiangxi leaving the movement. A large reason he was able to pull this off was because the 2nd front army had been too hastily reorganized. The troops rushed into new formations and left Nanchang far too fast. The conditions of their march were also rough, it was a scorching hot week. By the time they made it to Linchuan on August 7th, they now numbered 13,000.  They rested in Linchuan for 3 days then continued advancing southwards. On August 25th, their vanguard reach Rentian of Ruijin county. Li Jishen the commander of the NRA 8th route army was stationed in Guangdong. Li Jishen dispatched 9000 troops led by Qian Dajun from Ganzhou over to Huichang and around Ruijin to block the advance of the Reds. He also transferred 9000 troops led by Huang Shaohongs army based in Nanxiong and Dayu over to Yudu to support Qian Dajun. The CCP Front Committee took advantage of the fact Qian and Huang's armies were not yet fully concentrated in the area, unleashing a one by one attack. On the 26th the Red's attacked Rentians defenders, routing them and capturing Ruijin county. They then concentrated their forces to attack the main portion of Qian Dajun's army in Huichang. After a fierce 4 day battle they managed to capture Huichang county. The Red's reported inflicting over 6000 casualties upon Qian Dajun's army and capturing over 2500 guns while suffering 2000 casualties. Then in early September the Reds repelled an attack by Huang Shaohongs forces near Luokou just due northwest of Huichang. Having survived the encounter, the Reds withdrew to Ruijin, one unit after another, then they changed their route to head east, passing through Changting and Shanghang in Fujian province. From there they headed south along the Tingjiang River and Hanjiang river. On the 22nd, the 25th Division of the 11th Army occupied Sanheba in Dapu county of Guangdong province. Meanwhile the main force continued southwards and occupied Chao'an and Shantou by the 23rd. During this period Li Jishen ordered the remnants of Qian Dajun's army to try and contain the 25th Division and Huang Shaohongs army to attack Chao'an via Fengshun. He also dispatched Chen Jitang and Xue Yue with 3 divisions, roughly 15,000 men from the East Route to advance eastwards from Heyuan hoping to force a decisive battle. By the way for Pacific War fans, Xue Yue will become one of China's greatest Generals. Just a little bit about him. He was born to a peasant family in Xiaopingshi village of Guangdong in 1896. In 1907 he entered the Huangpu military primary school and two years later he joined the Tongmenghui. In 1917 he was admitted to the 6th class of the Baoding Military academy. The next year however he departed in July to join Dr Sun Yat-Sen and Chen Jiongming's new army in Guangzhou. He entered their army as a captain following the army into Fujian where he helped capture over 20 counties centered around Zhangzhou. In 1920 he help attack the Guangxi army of Cen Chunxuan where the commander of the 1st division, Deng Keng, appointed him as a major commanding a machine gun company. The following year the machine gun company expanded into a battalion. In 1921 Deng Keng ordered a personal guard to be formed to protect Dr Sun Yat-Sen, with Xue Yue, Ye Ting and Zhang Fakui as the commanders of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd battalions.  In March of 1922 when Chen Jiongming went to war with Dr Sun Yat-Sen, Xue Yue escorted his family to Guangzhou. There he defended the presidential palace where a 10 hour battle emerged nearly seeing Dr Sun Yat-Sen killed. Xue Yue and some of his men got Dr Sun Yat-Sen and his family away to safety as he led a campaign to quell Chen Jiongmings rebellion. As Chiang Kai-Shek led troops to attack Chen Jiongming, Xue Yue was appointed major general adjutant and chief of staff of the 1st division of the Guangdong army. In 1925 he served as deputy commander of the 14th division of the 1st NRA Army. During the campaign heading east, Xue Yue proved himself a brilliant commander, enough so to receive personal praise from Chiang Kai-Shek via telegram. During the Northern Expedition Xue Yue helped capture Jiangxi, Changsha, Liuyang and Nanchang. He was promoted to commander of the 1st division as the NRA invaded Zhejiang and led men to capture Hangzhou, Nanjing and Shanghai. However after the Shanghai massacre, Xue Yue made the rather poor decision of publicly calling for Chiang Kai-Shek to be arrested for being a counterrevolutionary. He was quickly purged from the 1st Army, fled for Guangdong where he found a new post as a divisional commander under Li Jishen. Back to our story, the CCP Front Committee decided to establish a 3rd division of the 20th army and stationed them at Chaoshan. Thus there 6500 men were positioned to meet the enemy's advance. On September 28th the main bulk of the Red army encountered the East Route Army near Shanhu in Jieyang county. The Reds managed to defeat them and marched upon Tangkeng where they fought a fierce battle near Fenshui village, a monument to that battle exists there to this day. By the 30th, the Reds had suffered another 2000 casualties and were unable to put up much of a fight so they pulled back to Jieyang. That night Huang Shaohongs men recaptured Chao'an.  On October 3rd the Red army evacuated Chaoshan and advanced to Haifeng, passing through the Lianhua Mountain. However enroute they were intercepted by the East Route Army, leading to a bloody battle where they were broken badly. Units and commanders dispersed, with one large force of 1300 making it to Haifeng. The Reds had suffered a disastrous and decisive defeat with only over a 1000 troops remaining as a complete unit, who would later reform into a regiment. Zhu De and Chen Yi faked their names and sought refuge amongst a local Hunanese warlord. Starting basically from scratch they turned their little force into a 10,000 strong army who would go on to fight in the border areas of Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangxi and Hunan, managing to save 800 Reds who were simultaneously performing an uprising in southern Hunan.  Countless were arrested, deserted or went into exile. Zhou Enlai, Ye Jianying and Ye Ting lost contact with the others and fled to British Hong Kong, with Zhou Enlai becoming seriously ill. The three had two pistols with them and were successful in reaching Hong Kong. Nie Rongzhen, the other communist leader, also successfully escaped to Hong Kong. He Long who had strongly opposed the little long march plan, accurately pointed out that marching 1000 miles in the blazing heat of summer would put too much strain on the troops and that the Hunan would have been a better place to set up shop rather than Guangdong. He Long simply took up and went home, demoted from his position as commander. It is said he became a beggar and was not well received by his family. Yet he would rise back up and lead a 3000 man strong Red Force who would later be wiped out by the KMT. By April of 1928 these forces would contribute to the Autumn Harvest Uprising, something we will talk about later. The Nanchang Uprising saw the first shots in armed resistance against the KMT. It was also when the CCP officially declared their firm stance against the KMT and marked the beginning of their journey to create their own military. Within the vacuum of hundreds of smaller uprisings, the Nanchang Uprising alongside two other events we will talk about, the Guangzhou Uprising and Autumn Harvest Uprising are the three more important uprisings during this period of time.  Back on August 7th, the CCP Central Committee held an emergency meeting in Hankou known as the “August 7th Meeting”. Here they abandoned Chen Duxiu's right-wing appeasement strategy and determined a new policy that would involve implementing land revolution and armed uprisings. They called upon the entire party and people of China to resist the KMT. This saw widespread uprisings spring up all over the place. One of their largest campaigns was referred to as the Autumn Harvest Uprising, which would be performed in Hunan, Hubei, Guangdong and Jiangxi where the foundation of the workers and peasants movement was the highest. A lot was debated about how to perform such a campaign. Many called for making the peasant association the center of it by declaring them a type of local government, whence they the CCP would seize all of the power from them. In addition to seizing rural power, they needed the backing of urban workers and the poor. Many pointed out the Autumn Harvest Uprising like the Nanchang Uprising should have the main purpose of launching a land revolution. It would be optimal of it was launched simultaneously in Hunan centered around Hengyang, Changsha and if possible at Baoqing.  After their August 7th conference the CCP Central Committee sent one Mao Zedong and Peng Gongda, at the time alternate members of the Provisional Political Bureau to Hunan to reorganize the Hunan Provincial committee. For the Autumn Harvest Uprising Mao Zedong was appointed the Central Special Commissioner with Peng Gongda as Secretary of the Provincial Committee. Now we haven't spoken about Mao Zedong in some time. I think the last time we left off about him was with the founding of the CCP party. In 1921 alongside those like Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao, he too was a founder and he began setting up a branch of the CCP in Changsha. Within Hunan he also established a branch of the Socialist Youth Corps and Cultural Book Society, who opened a bookstore to spread communist literature throughout the province. During the warlord era, Mao Zedong was involved in the struggle for Hunan autonomy. Mao Zedong hoped a Hunanese constitution might increase civil liberties, thus making his work to cause a communist revolution easier. The movement was successful at establishing a provincial autonomy under a Hunanese warlord, but Mao Zedong would find that not quite optimal. By that same year of 1921, communist groups had sprung up in Beijing, Shanghai, Wuhan, Guangzhou, Jinan and Changsha, and on July 23rd it was decided to form a central meeting. The first session of the national congress of the CCP was in Shanghai, attended by 13 delegates, one being Mao Zedong. However, undercover police infiltrated the congress, forcing the delegates to hop on a boat near Jiaxing in Zhejiang to escape. Although Soviet and CCP delegates attended the first congress pretty much ignored Lenin's advice to temporarily accept an alliance between them and the bourgeois democrats who were also espousing a national revolution, ie: the KMT. Instead many in the CCP sought to stick strictly to the Marxist belief only an urban proletariat could cause a real communist revolution. At that point Mao Zedong was the party secretary for Hunan, working out of Changsha. In August he founded the “self study university” where readers could gain access to revolutionary literature. He also joined the YMCA Mass Education Movement to combat illiteracy, though it should be noted he had a huge habit of editing textbooks to fit his communist ideals.  He continuously organized worker strikes, particularly against the warlord governor of Hunan, Zhao Hengti. Some of these successful strikes were the Anyuan coal mine strikes, which saw both bourgeois and proletarian methodology incorporated. Mao Zedong had mobilized many walks of life, miners, gentry, military officials, merchants, Triads and even members of the Church. His work in the Anyuan mines also involved his wife Yang Kaihui who was fighting for women's rights. She sought to increase women's literacy, education and political power within peasant communities. Mao Zedong and Yang Kaihui were not irregular in advocating for women's rights amongst the communist leaders, but they would be some of the most effective. Because of Mao Zedong's success in the Anyuan mines, Chen Duxiu invited him to become a member of the CCP Central Committee. Mao Zedong failed to make it to the second congress of the CCP in Shanghai, held in July of 1922, with the excuse he lost the address. There the CCP delegates agreed to forming the first united front. Mao Zedong enthusiastically agreed to this decision, arguing for an alliance across China's socio-economic classes. Mao Zedong's work in the first united front would see him become the chief of propaganda for the KMT. Mao Zedong was a vocal anti-imperialist with a lot of his writing directed against the governments of the UK, US and Japan. At the third congress of the CCP in Shanghai in June of 1923, the delegates reaffirmed their commitment to the first united front. Here Mao Zedong was elected to the Party Committee and took up residence in Shanghai. At the first KMT congress held in Guangzhou in 1924, Mao Zedong was elected as an alternate member of the KMT Central Executive Committee where he would put forward resolutions to decentralize power to the urban and rural bureaus. His enthusiastic support for the KMT would earn him suspicion from colleagues such as Li Lisan who had worked closely with him in Hunan. After the KMT congress he went to Shaoshan where he found the peasants were becoming increasingly restless. Many had seized land and wealth from local landowners. This convinced Mao Zedong that peasants were an effective revolutionary force, something the KMT leftists were proposing, but not the CCP at the time. Later Mao Zedong would be one of many in the CCP calling for an end to the first united front in the face of major grievances. However Borodin continuously advised not to break off with the KMT. In the winter of 1925, Mao Zedong fled for Guangzhou after receiving a lot of heat for revolutionary activities. He led the 6th term of the KMT's peasant movement training institute, the first government sponsored training institute for rural political activities. Here Mao Zedong was secretly training and preparing militants while also teaching them basic socialist theory. When Sun Yat-Sen died and Chiang Kai-Shek rose to power, Mao Zedong supported his NRA and their northern expedition. Yet in the wake of the northern expedition Mao Zedong was helping the peasants rise up and seize the land of wealthy landowners, in many cases with violence. It was this type of behavior that began to really ruffle the feathers of the KMT leaders who of course were landowners themselves. In March of 1927 Mao appeared at the 3rd Plenum of the KMT central executive committee in Wuhan, who were actively trying to strip Chiang Kai-Shek of his power and bolster Wang Jingwei in his stead. Mao Zedong played an active role, pushing peasant issues, arguing for the death penalty to be exacted on those found guilty of counter revolutionary activity, justifying it by simply stating “peaceful methods cannot suffice”. In April Mao Zedong was appointed to the KMT's 5 member central land committee where he urged peasants to stop paying rent. He then put into motion a draft resolution for land acquisition calling for the confiscation of land belonging to "local bullies and bad gentry, corrupt officials, militarists and all counter-revolutionary elements in the villages". Mao Zedong then carried out a "Land Survey", stating that anyone owning over 30 mou (four and a half acres), which constituted 13% of the population at the time, were uniformly counter-revolutionary. Many of his colleagues thought he was going too far, some not far enough. In the end only some of his suggestions were partially implemented.  When the Wuhan-Nanjing war broke out, Chiang Kai-Shek performed the Shanghai Massacre, beginning the White Terror. The CCP state more than 5000 communists were killed by the hands of the Green Gang in Shanghai. Over in Beijing Zhang Zuolin performed his own little white terror taking the life of those like Li Dazhao. In May the CCP claim tens of thousands of communists and their suspected allies were murdered, perhaps up to 25,000. The CCP contuined to support the Wuhan government, somthing Mao Zedong supported initially. Yet by the time of the CCP's 5th Congress he had changed his mind and was staking all of his revolutionary hope of peasant militias. It really did not matter as the Wuhan government performed its own white terror, albeit less violent in july. The CCP then founded the Workers and Peasants Red Army of China to go to war with Chiang Kai-Shek. Thus this brings us back to our story about the Autumn harvest uprising. In mid August, Mao Zedong and Peng Gongda arrived in Changsha. For the later half of August they helped reorganize the Hunan Provincial Committee where the issue of how to launch the Autumn harvest uprising was discussed. Mao Zedong proposed narrowing the scope of the uprising after the results of the Nanchang uprising. Regarding the area for the uprising, it was agreed it should not be too large, and should be concentrated around 7 counties. They needed to rely solely upon the power of the peasants, with roughly 1-2 regiments as a military backbone. They would no longer fly the KMT banner, now it would be the Red flag of the CCP. During the meeting a firm agreement was made regarding land distribution: "The current land revolution has reached the stage of fundamentally abolishing the land rent system and overthrowing the landlord regime. At this time, the party's policy towards farmers should be that the poor peasants lead the middle peasants, capture the rich peasants, and overthrow the landlord system. This is the land revolution." Mao Zedong emphasized at the meeting: “Our party's previous mistake was to ignore the military. Now we should seize power and build power on the barrel of a gun." To usher in the Autumn Harvest uprising the Hunan Provincial Party Committee decided to establish two leading organizations: the first was the Front Committee composed of various troops with Mao Zedong leading them, the other was the Action Committee composed of county committees, their leadership and Yi Lirong would lead them. The uprising was scheduled to begin on September 9th, with the destruction of a railway. On the 11th all counties would revolut simultaneously. On the 15th Changsha would revolt and on the 16th Changsha would be captured. At that time Red Army forces were stationed in Xiushui, Tonggu, Anyuan and along the border area of Hunan and Jiangxi. In early September Mao Zedong arrived in Anyuan and Tonggu preparing the military leaders. It was decided the forces in Xiushui, Tonggu, Anyuan and a few local counties would unify into the 1st Division of the 1st Workers and Peasants Revolutionary Army. The division was roughly 5000 men, with Lu Deming as its commander in chief and Yu Shadu as the 1st division's commander. The 1st division held 3 regiments; the 1st regiment at Xiushui composed of the former National Revolutionary Army Second Front Army Headquarters Guard Regiment, Pingjiang Workers and Peasants Volunteer Corps and the Peasant Self-Defense Forces of Chongyang and Tongcheng Counties in Hubei Province; the 2nd regiment located in Anyuan, was composed of the Anyuan Workers' Picket Team, Anyuan Mine Police Team and some Peasant Self-Defense Forces in Anfu, Yongxin, Lianhua, Pingxiang and Liling Counties; the 3rd Regiment, located in Tonggu, was composed of the Liuyang Workers and Peasants Volunteer Corps and the Guard Regiment, and part of the Pingjiang Workers and Peasants Volunteer Corps.  The plan was for the 1st Regiment to capture Pingjiang; the 2nd regiment would capture Pingxiang and Liling and the 3rd regiment would capture Liuyang. Afterwards the regiments would simultaneously march upon Changsha, hopefully with the full cooperation of peasant armies who were performing uprisings in various counties as well as the urban workers in Changsha would perform their own uprising. On September 9th, 60 railway workers in Changsha began destroying the railway lines from the city to Yueyang and Zhuzhou. On the 11th the 1st Red division launched the uprising. The 1st regiment departed Xiushui and Zhajin advancing to Changshou street via Longmen. Their main bulk entered Jinping when they were suddenly attacked by the Qiu Guoxuan regiment, this was the remnants of the Guizhou warlord Wang Tianpei. The troops were scattered after losing 200 men and their weapons. The forces then moved quickly towards Pingjiang and Liuyang counties, trying to get closer to the 3rd regiment. The 3rd regiment at this time was under the direct command of Mao Zedong who managed to capture Baisha in Liuyang county during the afternoon. On the 12th he captured Dongmen City, annihilated a great part of the warlord forces there. On the 14th two KMT battalions counterattack Dongmen City. The 3rd regiment fought them for several hours before moving to Shangping. Meanwhile the 2nd regiment departed Anyuan and attacked Pingxiang, failing to take it. On the 12th they turned to Laoguan due west of Pingxiang. With cooperation from a peasant uprising they managed to capture Liling county where they also defeated one KMT battalion, capturing a lot of weapons and rescued 300 communist prisoners. On the 14th another two KMT battalions from Changsha, another from Pingxiang all counterattacked Liling. The 2nd regiment immediately turned north to attack Liuyang county on the 15th, but the KMT forces caught up to them inflicted severe casualties. By the 17th Mao Zedng ordered all the regiments to concentrate in Wenjia city due southeast of Liuyang city. At this point the Red Army broke into separate offensives. Workers and peasants were performing uprisings in Pingjiang, Liuyang, Liling, Zhuzhou, Anyuan and other places. Their successes were of varying scales. Some of these peasant and worker armies were armed with nothing more than spears, broadswords, some had small arms. They resorted to house to house warfare, storming buildings, trying to capture guns. They massacred the gentry and landowning classes as they found them hiding in their homes. Red army forces aided those in Liling and Liuyang, managing to capture the county seats, establishing revolutionary regimes. The uprising in Zhuzhou saw its railway station captured, disrupting a lot of transportation. The uprisings in Pingjiang failed to gain the cooperation of the workers and peasants, so three guerilla units were formed who raided the local area. Overall however, the peasant and worker leaders were being arrested en masse by KMT officials. The peasants and workers became afraid they would be caught up in the White Terror slaughter, thus the uprising ultimately failed. The large workers uprising that was supposed to break out in Changsha never formed.  On the 19th the entire 3rd regiment, the remnants of the 1st regiment and scattered members of the 2nd regiment arrived in Wenjia city one after another. That night Mao Zedong presided over a CCP Front Committee meeting, to analyze the situation and figure out what to do with their forces. They quickly decided to abandon attempts to capture Changsha. Their remaining forces at Pingjiang and Liuyang departed as the KMT were hunting them down, pushing them south along the Luoxiao Mountains. On the 20th the departed Wenjia city heading towards Shangli city. It was there they learned there were KMT troops assembling in Pingxiang, so they turned towards Luxi on the 24th. They then continued south, but were soon ambushed by KMT forces. Lu Deming was killed during the battle leaving the army leaderless, seeing heavy casualties. On the 26th the Red forces attacked and occupied Lianhua and by the 29th entered Sanwan Village in Yongxin COunty. This time they were down to less than 1000 men, morale had collapsed. Their leadership began reorganizing at Sanwan, they referred to their surviving force as the 1st regiment of the 1st Division of the 1st Red Army. In reality they only had two battalions in strength. However their reorganization efforts at least saw them form proper companies and the implementation of a more democratic system. Afterwards they continued south arriving at Gucheng in Ninggang county on October 3rd. There Mao Zedong presided over another CCP Front Committee meeting. They studied everything that had gone wrong with the Autumn Harvest Uprising. They made plans for establishing bases of operations for the two battalions then led by Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuo. After the meeting, Mao Zedong led the forces to Maoping on the 7th. From there they moved to Suichuan county in Jiangxi. Then they moved a great distance through Hunan province to Ciping sitting in Jinggang Mountain, the middle section of the Luoxiao Mountain Range by the 27th. From here onwards their force under the leadership of Mao Zedong would establish a revolutionary base of operations. The Autumn Harvest Uprising was the first time the CCP flag was publicly raised in an armed struggle. It was done to showcase to the people of China the determination of the CCP to independently lead a revolutionary war. After the failed uprising, Mao Zedong really began to take charge of the situation. He ditched the original central committee's plan to capture Changsha and instead marched a great distance into the deep rural areas where the KMT were at their weakest. He sought to embark on a guerilla warfare campaign within the countryside. Here in these remote places they would establish revolutionary bases, preserving and developing Red Armies.The cost of the failure is honestly very difficult to estimate. There are claims the anti-communist mass killings in Hunan alone saw 80,000 killed in Liling alone, and perhaps up to 300,000 in areas like Chaling, LEiyang, Liuyang and Pingjiang.  Meanwhile going back in time a bit to August of 1927. The failed Nanchang uprising gradually spilt southwards to the Dongjiang area of Guangdong. On the 7th the CCP Central Committee held an emergency meeting, where Chen Duxiu was criticized for his appeasement of the KMT right wing. It was also during this meeting, the CCP formalized how they would go about implementing a land revolution and armed uprisings. On the 20th Zhang Tailei, the secretary of the Guangdong CCP provincial committee, discussed plans for a provincial wide uprising. They would mobilize the workers and peasants to hold riots in key locations within Guangdong, particularly Guangzhou. Thus another major uprising was about to be unleashed. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. The Autumn Harvest Uprising was a bold move by the CCP. As the Wuhan and Nanjing KMT government unleashed their separate white terrors, the CCP were trying to not only survive the onslaught, but to formulate their own revolutionary movement. Within the emerging communist vacuum it seemed Mao Zedong had found his calling and was striving to reach the top. 

Et de vingt ! La première saison du 48/64 touche à sa fin. Et alors que la Japan Expo s'apprête à ouvrir ses portes, l'équipée vous propose de revenir sur la riche programmation qui animera le parc des expositions de Villepinte cette semaine : la venue du père de City Hunter, le prix Asie ACBD ainsi que l'actu des animés. Bonne écoute à toutes et tous ! TIMECODE : 15'12 - La Météo des bulles : Japan Expo 2023, tarifs, eau potable et mangas français 26'16 – La Chronique de l'épicurieux bédévore : Tsukasa Hōjō et City Hunter (éd. Panini manga) 47'36 – Le Multibulles : l'actu des animés avec Demon Slayer saison 3, Hell's Paradise, Dead Mount Death Play et Oshi no Ko 1'07'44 – La chronique de l'exploratrice des abysses dessinés : le prix Asie de l'ACBD et Les Enfants du rêve chinois de Luxi (éd. Sarbacane) Une émission de Thomas Figuères et Manon Dias Santos. Ingénieur du son : Léo Jacquet. Avec la participation de Louis Groult et Sacha Puaux. Le 48/64 est une production La Cab studio. Logo © Corto Malaise (@corto_malaise).

Chaque année depuis 1989, le 4 juin est une date ultrasensible en Chine. Il est toujours interdit d'évoquer le massacre qui a eu lieu cette nuit-là sur la place Tiananmen à Pékin et qui a mis fin à un important mouvement étudiant pour la démocratie. En France, de jeunes Chinois se mobilisent : ils commémorent les victimes et disent aussi « stop » au régime toujours plus répressif du président Xi Jinping. Rencontre de deux jeunes Chinois qui organisent ce dimanche une manifestation à Paris. Du « printemps de Pékin », ces quelques mois pendant lesquels des millions d'étudiants en Chine osaient rêver de démocratie. Luxi, qui à l'époque n'avait qu'une dizaine d'années, a gardé ce souvenir : « Pour moi, à l'époque, c'était comme une grande fête. Tout le monde était dans la rue, tout le monde parlait librement. C'était nouveau pour moi. En Chine, on a une éducation. Tu ne vas jamais critiquer les professeurs, tu ne vas jamais critiquer les parents, et tes parents ne critiquent jamais le gouvernement. C'était la première fois que j'entendais les adultes mettre en doute l'autorité. Tout le monde était content, à Pékin, c'était une grande fête. »Mais tout bascule dans la nuit du 3 au 4 juin : l'armée ouvre le feu sur les occupants de la place Tiananmen. Des chars écrasent le mouvement pro-démocratie dans le sang. « Avant, pour moi, les étudiants étaient des héros, raconte Luxi, mais les parents nous disaient qu'ils étaient manipulés par des forces étrangères. Je ne comprenais pas, je continuais de poser des questions, mais mes parents ne voulaient plus parler de ça, en disant "ça ne te regarde pas, tu es petite, il faut penser à autre chose". » La peur au ventre La dessinatrice, qui vient de publier la bande dessinée Les enfants du rêve chinois, vit en France. Ici, elle peut enfin briser le tabou et rendre hommage aux victimes du massacre. Même si elle l'avoue : c'est avec la peur au ventre. « C'est notamment la peur parce qu'on a toujours nos familles en Chine. Pour moi, c'est surtout ma famille, mes proches. Il y a 10 ans, j'aurais eu moins peur, mais aujourd'hui, j'ai plus peur en fait. »  ► À écouter aussi : Massacre de Tiananmen du 4 juin 1989: la mémoire verrouillée des PékinoisLuxi cachera son visage derrière un masque pour ne pas être repérée par des agents chinois. Elle manifestera contre le régime toujours plus répressif de Xi Jinping. Chiang, étudiant à Paris, sera, lui aussi, dans la rue : « La situation est très grave, je travaille dans le cinéma, je suis artiste, et je trouve qu'on a de moins en moins d'espace de liberté en Chine. On ne peut plus s'exprimer, et même des critiques très modérées ne sont plus tolérées. Puis, il y a la répression des Ouïghours, des Tibétains, tout ça est très grave. Voilà pourquoi il faut dire non au gouvernement chinois. » « On est là pour le principe, pas pour le résultat »Pendant longtemps, les défenseurs des droits de l'homme et les vétérans du mouvement pro-démocratie étaient bien seuls à commémorer le massacre de Tiananmen. Mais l'interdiction de la traditionnelle veillée aux bougies à Hong Kong en 2020 a changé la donne. Puis, en novembre dernier, il y a eu en Chine les manifestations contre la politique « zéro Covid » et ses restrictions à outrance qui ont donné un coup d'accélérateur à la mobilisation des Chinois de l'étranger : « Il y a toujours eu de petites manifestations ici, se rappelle Chiang. Nous, ça fait déjà trois fois qu'on a organisé un rassemblement. Mais depuis la "Révolution A4" en Chine, celle aux feuilles blanches, des Chinois se mobilisent un peu partout dans le monde. Ça a pris de l'ampleur. » Les étudiants de Tiananmen '89 – un exemple à suivre ? Chiang et Luxi l'affirment. La dessinatrice voit dans cette manifestation un devoir moral nécessaire, mais n'est pas dupe quant à son impact réel : « Oui, ça nous inspire, c'est un modèle. Aujourd'hui, on est moins optimiste par rapport à l'époque, c'est pourquoi on n'est pas nombreux, mais on est là pour le principe, pas pour le résultat. » Ce dimanche, ils rendront hommage aux victimes du 4 juin 1989 devant la fontaine Saint-Michel à Paris, avant de participer à une cérémonie organisée par l'association Solidarité Chine.► À lire aussi : Hong Kong: les trois organisateurs d'une veillée pour Tiananmen reconnus coupables d'«obstruction»

Welcome Back!  For today's episode we have a treat for you all. We had the pleasure of chatting with none other than Luxi Mathi, co-founder of Canada Fashion Network. This candid conversation focused on all things Canadian Fashion Industry, where it is, what is neglected and where we want it to go. We of course also got to talking about her background and what led her to start this organization with her partner and co-founder Lidia Tesfamicael. This episode was very important to us and we encourage you all to keep the conversation going.  Canada Fashion Network was born to combine efforts to better and further the fashion industry . It is a nonprofit organization aimed to elevate fashion in Canada, protecting, educating and guiding fashion enthusiasts to pursue their dreams in fashion.  The Co-Founders, Lidia and Luxi, are the leading female forces behind the vision, as they have a vast set of experiences in the fashion industry.Lidia Tesfamicael is a Canadian Designer with her private label, Lidia Daniel, and has a background in marketing. “As a black woman, I wanted to create a platform to change the stigma around Canadian fashion and put my efforts to create equal opportunity for a better future in the industry.” — Lidia Tesfamicael. Luxi Mathi is a Canadian Makeup Artist, Founder of Luxi Management, a marketing firm that has provided help to over a hundred local Canadian businesses since 2016. The pair strongly believe in the future of Canadian fashion and advocating for its advancement, and have been planning to commence this movement since 2018.  “Fashion is a form of art, and as Canadians, we have the fundamental right to exercise our freedom of expression through the clothing we wear, create, design, sell and/or purchase. To successfully achieve this, we have to create an environment that allows these individuals to succeed.” — Luxi Mathi  Let us know your thoughts on this episode and leave us a cute little review ;) As mentioned in the episode: - Jessica Firestone on her Slow Fashion Designer Faux Pas Spotify - ⁠⁠https://open.spotify.com/episode/37trvbMceMBdJqw6IX2gSp?si=5bf0c9ff0f1b4c5c⁠⁠ Apple- ⁠⁠https://podcasts.apple.com/ca/podcast/the-fashion-faux-pas-podcast/id1586235492?i=1000553256836⁠ - I want to be world book series: https://www.canadafashionnetwork.com/shop Timestamps: Intro- 00:00 Guest intro and a trip down memory lane - 0:40 What is CFN , origin story - 1:50 Story times of the founders - 5:44 Issues people encounter in the fashion industry - 8:47 Why did CFN start and what were/are the main goals - 17:38 Ageism, Infantilization and lack of representation in the Fashion industry - 24:00 "I want to be world " Book series- 38:32 Deconstructing the narrative and Normalising our careers - 43:10 The pandemic's affect on the fashion industry - 58:03 Fashions impact in Social and Political movements - 1:06:40 The lack of Global representation of the Canadian Fashion Industry - 1:09:47 Ways to support the fashion industry as a non member - 1:22:26 What can we expect from CFN - 1:39:22 Outro- 1:42:09 Socials  CFN's Instagram - ⁠https://www.instagram.com/canadafashionnetwork/⁠ Canadian Fashion Network Website - ⁠https://www.canadafashionnetwork.com/cne-show-sign-up⁠ Luxi's Instagram: ⁠https://www.instagram.com/luximathi/⁠ Lidia's Instagram: ⁠https://www.instagram.com/lidiadaniell/⁠ The Podcast -https://msha.ke/fauxpas.canada Bernie  Instagram - ⁠⁠https://www.instagram.com/kingberniee/⁠⁠ TikTok - ⁠⁠https://www.tiktok.com/@kingberniee⁠⁠ Website - ⁠⁠https://www.kingberniee.com⁠⁠ Yasmine  Instagram - ⁠⁠https://www.instagram.com/yasisaya/⁠⁠ Tiktok - ⁠https://www.tiktok.com/@yasmineisaya?lang=en⁠ Love Always & Always love, Yasmine & Bernie.

En 2015, Luxi, étudiante chinoise en cinéma à Paris, décide de partir dans son pays natal avec son copain français pour y réaliser son documentaire de fin d'études sur sa copine, Fanfan, professeure des écoles et lesbienne dans une région rurale très pauvre. La bande dessinée Les enfants du rêve chinois raconte le making-off dont les images ont été confisquées par les autorités chinoises lors du tournage. Dans l'impossibilité d'aller au bout de son projet, Luxi a décidé d'en faire une BD. L'auteur met en exergue les problématiques de la société chinoise rurale, la répression, le conformisme et le durcissement politique du régime.► À lire aussi : En Chine, des manifestants de novembre dernier formellement inculpés 

There are people you don't want to mess with, and there are things you shouldn't do because they're too much of a hassle. How do you say all this in Hebrew? Well, you'd use the עסק root, of course! Hear the All-Hebrew Episode on Patreon   New Words and Expressions: Laasok be- – To deal with – לעסוק ב Hu osek be-ze harbe shanim – He's been dealing with this for many years – הוא עוסק בזה הרבה שנים Al taasok be-ze achshav – You don't have to deal with this right now – אל תעסוק בזה עכשיו Be-ma ata osek / Be-ma at oseket – What do you do for a living? – במה אתה עוסק, במה את עוסקת Ha-hevra oseket be- – The company is in the field of so and so – החברה עוסקת ב Osek murshe – Licensed freelancer – עוסק מורשה Ta'asuka – Employment, occupation – תעסוקה Lishkat ha-taasuka – Employment bureau – לשכת התעסוקה Lachtom ba-lishka – To sign at the employment office – לחתום בלשכה “Nimtsa avoda zmanit, lo retsinit” – We'll find a temporary, non-serious job – נמצא עבודה זמנית, לא רצינית “Vegam nahtom ba-lishka” – And at the same time, we'll sign at the employment office – וגם נחתום בלשכה Lehaasik – To keep busy, to employ – להעסיק Ze maasik oto, ze maasik ota – It keeps them occupied – זה מעסיק אותו/אותה Be'ayot she-ma'asikot otanu – Problems that occupy us – בעיות שמעסיקות אותנו Ze maasik otcha? – Does it trouble you? – זה מעסיק אותך Lehaasik mishehu – To employ someone – להעסיק מישהו Ha'asaka – Employment – העסקה Ha'asaka ravgonit/meguvenet – Diversity hiring – העסקה רבגונית/מגוונת Ha'asaka meguvenet shava lachem yoter – Diversity hiring is worth more for your business – העסקה מגוונת שווה לכם יותר Haasakat mi'ootim – Hiring minorities – העסקת מיעוטים Lehitasek – To busy oneself, to be involved with – להתעסק Ani meod ohev lehitasek be-ochel – I love doing food stuff, dealing with food – אני מאוד אוהב להתעסק באוכל Al titasek iti – Don't mess with me – אל תתעסק איתי Lo kedai lecha lehitasek ito – You shouldn't mess with him – לא כדאי לך להתעסק איתו Ata mitasek iti? – Are you messing with me? – אתה מתעסק איתי Be-ze ata mitasek achshav? – This is what worries you right now? – בזה אתה מתעסק עכשיו Ze ma-ze hit'askoot – It's such a hassle – זה מה-זה התעסקות Laasot hazeret ze ma ze hitaskoot – To make horseradish is a real hassle – לעשות חזרת זה מה-זה התעסקות Ze yachsoch li hitaskoot – It's going to save me a lot of work – זה יחסוך לי התעסקות   Playlist and Clips: Monika Sex – Maka Afora (lyrics) Ha'asaka meguvent Ha'asakat mi'ootim Hazeret – Horseradish Osek patur & Osek murshe Ep. no. 84 about avoda zmanit Ep. no. 161 about hi amra li Enzel ve-Luxi podcast for foodies (In Hebrew)

Dans le 143e épisode du podcast Le bulleur, on vous présente Égalité, première partie du second tome de Révolution, saga que l'on doit à Florent Grouazel et Younn Locard, éditée chez Actes sud sous le label L'an II. Cette semaine aussi, on revient sur l'actualité de la bande dessinée et des sorties avec : - La sortie du premier tome sur deux prévus de Kléos, celui qui rêvait de gloire que l'on doit au scénario de Mark Eacersall et Serge Latapy, au dessin d'Amélie Causse et c'est édité chez Grand angle - La sortie de l'album Médiator, un crime chimiquement pur que l'on doit au scénario conjoint d'Irène Frachon et Éric Giacometti, au dessin de François Duprat et c'est édité chez Delcourt - La sortie de l'album Freud, le moment venu, un titre signé Suzanne Leclair, épaulée ici par William Roy, qu'édite La boite à bulles - La sortie de l'album Souviens-toi que tu vas mourir signé par Dobbs au scénario, Nicolas Genzianella au dessin et c'est édité chez Glénat sous le label Comix Buro - La sortie de l'album Les enfants du rêve chinois, un titre signé par Luxi et édité chez Sarbacane - La réédition de Liberty, album que l'on doit doit au duo Éric Warnauts et Guy Raives ainsi qu'aux éditions Le Lombard

Luxi einfach bester Sniper

No Front arne. Aber so scheiße der skinkontest. Ich hatte 20 Minuten und ich bin kein einziges Mal dran gekommen. Und vor mir sind auch nur 2 oder 3 dran gekommen

A te feleségednél is nagyobb a Lamborghini féknyerge? És kihúzza-e gázzal, ha elúszik neki a Prius hátulja tempónál? Ezekről beszélgettünk luxi SUV-(o)k helyett.

Stream Islam || Abdullah The Luxi | Breaking out of the Matrix Chapter #3

Stream Islam || Abdullah The Luxi | Breaking out of the Matrix Chapter #2

Stream Islam || Abdullah The Luxi | Breaking out of the Matrix

Tea Krulos talks about the Trump conspiracy legacy (hopefully for the last time for awhile), then Tea and co-anchor Heidi Erickson talk about their favorite weird news this week, including a QAnon Bigfoot named Zorth, the exciting mayoral campaign of luchador Blue Demon Junior, mystical cats, elephant dung gin, and the popularity of sea shanties on TikTok (and to give us an example of one, special guest Chris Tischler of Chief sings us "Soon May the Wellermen Come.") Plus Miss Information's trivia question (send answer to teasweirdweek@gmail.com to be entered in monthly prize drawing) and we close out with a dreamy new collaborative track from Lauryl Sulfate & Her Ladies of Leisure and LUXI, "Basement Show." Original music and sound editing by Android 138. Check out the column here: https://teakrulos.com/2021/01/22/teas-weird-week-the-orange-stain/

Ein Rettungshund ist kein Schoßhund - und wird trotzdem nicht weniger geliebt. Viktoria Wagensommer hat für dieses sehr persönliche Zeit-für-Bayern-Feature ihren Luxi zwei Jahre lang bis zur Rettungshundeprüfung begleitet.

Endlich mal wieder kämpfen Tobi und Luxi gegen die Technik und gewinnen am Ende fast. Eine Sendung wie eine Terminator-Fortsetzung nur ohne Arnold Schwarzenegger. Und ohne Script. Und ohne Regiesseur. Aber mit Happy End.

I sat down w electropop artist and video game programmer LUXI, whose most recent album "Ode to the Lavender Moon" came out in August. Also earlier this year she dropped the EP "Songs to Let Go Of" and the soundtrack album "Stolen Hearts" which has an accompanying video game. We had our morning joe as we discussed not fitting in growing up, our favorite video games, LUXI's evolution as a songwriter, her "virtual gallery" she has been developing, and her game programming. Applications for the virtual gallery are open now, and the video games LUXI has created are available on her website, luxireally.com. LUXI plays Club Garibaldi's on November 15th. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/ben-slowey/support

Laberpodcastalarm! Es wird so richtig heftig abgeplaudert nach der Sommerpause denn Vogeltobi und Luxi haben im letzten Monat so Einiges erlebt. Hört gut zu sonst checkt ihr die nächste Folge net.

Jordan and Piet discuss the Bands To Watch: Best of 2018 concert happening this Saturday at 88Nine. It features Buffalo Gospel, Dead Horses, Field Report, Versio Curs, Luxi and Lex Allen.

Jordan and Piet discuss the Bands To Watch: Best of 2018 concert happening this Saturday at 88Nine. It features Buffalo Gospel, Dead Horses, Field Report, Versio Curs, Luxi and Lex Allen.

https://luximusic.bandcamp.com/

https://luximusic.bandcamp.com/

Témáink: – Álláskeresési tapasztalatok – fogalmatlan fejvadászok; új platformok a megkeresésre pl. WhatsApp; mi múlik a kapcsolatokon; ZERO válasz 1,5 hónapig a fejvadásztól; első és második interjú ugyan azon a napon – munkakereses Magyarországon 6-9 hónap is lehet a teljes procedúra az állás váltásnál; Luxi leghosszabb procedúrája 4 év volt; egyéb tapasztalatok – Lehi nagy […] --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/irodaihuszarok/message

E heti témáink: Futás, golyók, majdnem életveszély, Nissan Leaf, Simulator, Lövöldözés, pozitív interakciók Special Guests: Erik-A, Luxi, and Petty Cicuk.

Suomalainen metallimusiikki on tunnettu käsite, mutta moni sen kiinnostavista persoonista on pysytellyt enimmäkseen varjoissa. Tämä sarja esittelee näitä hahmoja Inferno-lehden päätoimittajan Matti Riekin isännöimänä. Ennen kuin helppokäyttöisiä cd-levyjä saati suoratoistopalveluja osattiin edes kuvitella, raskas rock levisi maailmanlaajuisesti itseäänitettyjen kasettien välityksellä. Luukas "Luxi" Lahtinen on suomalaisen nauhanvaihtoskenen pioneeri ja legenda. Kasetit jäivät 1990-luvun alkuvuosille, mutta säilyikö metallinen elämäntapa? Kaikki sarjan jaksot kuunneltavissa Yle Areenassa.

Today we spun the wheel and reviewed music by Luxi | The Lower 5th | The Four Horsemen Will Save Us. Enjoy! --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/music-review-roulette/support

Today we spun the wheel and reviewed music by Luxi | The Lower 5th | The Four Horsemen Will Save Us. Enjoy!

E heti témánk: az elektronikus zene! Luxi barátommal próbáljuk körbe járni az elektronikus zene kérdéskörét, a teljesség igénye nélkül. Special Guest: Luxi.

Luxi has been experimenting with electronic music since around 2007, transforming her more traditional song writing towards the obscure after taking an interest in computer programming and recording, she calls her style “futuregrungepop” while being influenced by a wide range of musical genres, including artists such as Portishead, Fever Ray, Pictureplane, Balam Acab, Tricky, Radiohead, Bjork, and many more… Currently, Luxi is nearly finished with her sophomore full-length album, expected to be released early 2017, already having a collection of EPs and singles in her back catalogue of music, which can be found on her Bandcamp page. She also works as an audio curator for Joseph Gordon Levitt’s open collaboration production company, HitRecord, and has begun to mix and master tracks for other artists’ projects, more information about her music and events can be found at www.luxireally.com.

Mattress industry veteran David Farley and daughter Shannon Farley have teamed up to introduce a customizable mattress, Luxi by SmartSleep Inc. The new mattress is sold direct to consumers at LuxiSleep.com. It has four layers, consisting of polyurethane foam, memory foam, latex and base foam. The zip-off mattress cover allows owners to rearrange the top comfort layers to suit personal preferences.As sleep experts, we’ve been designing and manufacturing specialty foam mattresses since before Tempurpedic landed in America. Our innovation has earned us over thirty (30) international and domestic patents, and we’re proud to own every decision along the supply and production chain. From innovative design and sourcing raw materials to packaging and shipping, we are as manufacturer-direct as it gets, from our home to yours.

Mattress industry veteran David Farley and daughter Shannon Farley have teamed up to introduce a customizable mattress, Luxi by SmartSleep Inc. The new mattress is sold direct to consumers at LuxiSleep.com. It has four layers, consisting of polyurethane foam, memory foam, latex and base foam. The zip-off mattress cover allows owners to rearrange the top comfort layers to suit personal preferences.As sleep experts, we’ve been designing and manufacturing specialty foam mattresses since before Tempurpedic landed in America. Our innovation has earned us over thirty (30) international and domestic patents, and we’re proud to own every decision along the supply and production chain. From innovative design and sourcing raw materials to packaging and shipping, we are as manufacturer-direct as it gets, from our home to yours.

The 15th Maccabiah Games in 1997 had a temporary bridge for the opening ceremony. The world was shocked when it failed and it did so on every level. With John Chidgey. Links of potential interest: 1997 Maccabiah Games Maccabiah Games The Maccabiah Bridge Collapse Google Maps: The Site of the Disaster Australia/Israel Review: The Bridge Too Far Phil Moss Recalls the Tragic Death of Four Aussies… Maccabiah Tragedy Australian Jews blast Rehiring of Officials Responsible for the Maccabiah Tragedy Stage Design Israel American Jewish Year Maccabiah Bridge Collapse: Initial Investigations | The Jewish Olympics: The History of the Maccabiah Games Support Causality on Patreon Episode sponsor: Extrasensory Devices: Extrasensory Devices are an innovative company based in Palo Alto, California and they’ve recently released their all new Luxi For All: an incident light meter attachment for your smartphone or tablet. Taking better pictures starts with your Luxi. Visit esdevices.com/engineered and use the Coupon Code ENGINEERED for 15% off the total price of your order.

What went wrong with Fukushima 1 Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in 2011. With John Chidgey. Links of potential interest: List of Nuclear Power Stations Nuclear Reactor Water for Power Plant Cooling Why Fukushima Was Preventable Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Disaster 2011 Toøhoku Earthquake and Tsunami Soøma, Fukushima Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant S.C.R.A.M. Chicago Pile-1 Zirconium Alloy Review of the Oxidation Rate of Zirconium Alloys IAEA Warned Japan Over Nuclear Quake Risk Timeline for the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency Fukushima Accident The Fukushima Wasteland Electricity Generation Support Causality on Patreon Episode sponsor: Extrasensory Devices: Extrasensory Devices are an innovative company based in Palo Alto, California and they’ve recently released their all new Luxi For All: an incident light meter attachment for your smartphone or tablet. Taking better pictures starts with your Luxi. Visit esdevices.com/engineered and use the Coupon Code ENGINEERED for 15% off the total price of your order.

Roll cages in cars are supposed to improve safety but do they actually cause the problem they're trying to protect you from? With John Chidgey. Links of potential interest: Rollover A METHODOLOGY FOR ESTIMATING VEHICLE ROLLOVER PROPENSITY THAT COMBINES STABILITY FACTOR AND HANDLING METRICS (PDF) Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) | National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) Center of Mass CDC Mining Risks Traffic Safety Facts: Pedestrians U.S Census Bureau Population Estimates (2004) List of Motor Vehicle Deaths in U.S. by Year Safety Cell 6 Point Internal ROPS BHP Accused of Rolling Over on Vehicle Safety Operator Roll-over Protection on Small Vehicles Roll-over Protection Structure ANCAP Frequently Asked Questions 5 Star ANCAP Rating Changes to BMA Site Vehicles (PDF) Follow Up Evaluation of Electronic Stability Control Effectiveness in Australasia Tilt test (vehicle safety test) Support Causality on Patreon Episode sponsor: Extrasensory Devices: Extrasensory Devices are an innovative company based in Palo Alto, California and they’ve recently released their all new Luxi For All: an incident light meter attachment for your smartphone or tablet. Taking better pictures starts with your Luxi. Visit esdevices.com/engineered and use the Coupon Code ENGINEERED for 15% off the total price of your order.

The BP Texas City Oil Refinery disaster in 2005 shocked the world. With safe-guards in place and lost-time injury rates so low, how could so many people be killed in a wholly preventable disaster? With John Chidgey. Links of potential interest: The U.S. Chemical Safety Board Texas City Refinery Explosion Isomerization Human Factors Influencing The Texas City Incident Lessons from Disaster: How Organizations Have No Memory and Accidents Recur Diesel Engine Runaway BP Completes Sale of Texas City Refinery The Refinery Today Texas City, Texas: Google Maps Location BPs Statement of Facts Support Causality on Patreon Episode sponsor: Extrasensory Devices: Extrasensory Devices are an innovative company based in Palo Alto, California and they’ve recently released their all new Luxi For All: an incident light meter attachment for your smartphone or tablet. Taking better pictures starts with your Luxi. Visit esdevices.com/engineered and use the Coupon Code ENGINEERED for 15% off the total price of your order.

Bacteria constantly need to monitor their environment and adapt the bacterial group-coordinated behaviour to changing habitats like nutrition alterations or host variations. Commonly cell-cell communication via acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs)is used to synchronise the behaviour of a bacterial population dependent on cell size. This process is referred to as quorum sensing (QS) and predominantly occurs in Gram-negative bacteria. The typical QS system consists of a LuxI-synthase that synthesises AHLs, and a LuxR-type receptor, which then responds to these AHLs. Upon AHL-binding, the LuxR-type receptor regulates the expression of different target genes and thus influences several processes, like biofilm formation, virulence, antibiotic production or cell-cell interaction. Interestingly, many proteobacteria possess additional LuxR homologs, but lack a cognate LuxI-type synthase. Those LuxR-type receptors are referred to as LuxR orphans or LuxR solos and can expand the regulatory QS network. Photorhabdus species are insect pathogenic bacteria, living in symbiosis with entomopathogenic nematodes. They all possess an exceptionally high number of LuxR solos, but lack LuxI homologs and therefore do not produce AHLs. The function of these LuxR solos, their role in cell-cell communication and the identification of their cognate signalling molecules in Photorhabdus species is the main focus of this work. In this thesis a novel signalling molecule used for QS could be identified for the first time in P. luminescens. This novel QS molecule is an α-pyrone named photopyrone (PPY) and produced endogenously by the photopyrone synthase (PpyS). The PPYs are specifically recognized by the LuxR solo regulator PluR, which then activates expression of the pcf (Photorhabdus clumping factor) operon leading to cell clumping of P. luminescens cells. Moreover, the PpyS/PluR quorum sensing system and its induced cell clumping contribute to the overall toxicity of P. luminescens. Furthermore, a second novel signalling molecule sensed by a LuxR solo of Photorhabdus species could be identified besides PPYs. The insect and human pathogenic bacteria P. asymbiotica lacks a PpyS homolog as well as a LuxI homolog, but harbours a pcf operon and a homologue to PluR, which is named PauR. The signalling molecule sensed by the LuxR-type receptor PauR could be identified, which is neither an AHL nor a PPY. PauR recognises a 2,5-dialkylresorcinol (DAR) produced by the DarABC pathway. Upon binding of the cognate signalling molecule, Summary XII PauR activates expression of the pcf operon. This also leads to cell clumping in P. asymbiotica. Furthermore, the DarABC/PauR QS system also contributes to the overall pathogenicity of P. asymbiotica against Galleria mellonella insect larvae. A bioinformatics approach revealed a high number of LuxR solos present in P. temperata and P. asymbiotica like in P. luminescens. Thereby, several conserved motives of amino acids could be identified, which are potentially important for signalbinding and -specificity. Variations in these amino acid motifs are assumed to reflect the overall variety of signals that can be sensed by LuxR solos. Furthermore, the specificity of the two LuxR solos PluR and PauR towards their cognate signalling molecules, PPYs and DARs, respectively, was analysed. Thereby, it could be shown that the previously identified conserved amino acid motives in the signal-binding domain (SBD), the TYDQCS-motif of PluR and the TYDQYI-motif of PauR, are essential but not sufficient for ligand-binding. Similar as for AHLs, it was unclear how the signalling molecules PPYs and DARs can cross the bacterial cell membrane. In the last part of this thesis the import mechanism for the Photorhabdus-specific signalling compounds PPYs and DARs were identified. Initial evidence could be provided that the membrane-integrated transporter FadL is mainly involved in the import of these hydrophobic compounds, and that they are not transported via simple diffusion across the cell membrane, which is assumed for AHLs. In conclusion, the data that is compiled presents two LuxR solos of Photorhabdus species adapted to sense and respond to novel non-AHL signalling molecules used for QS. Therefore, this thesis reveals that cell-cell communication via LuxR-type receptors goes far beyond AHL-signalling in nature.

Tonight Adam and Jason will be talking to Dr. Edwina Wright and Luxi regarding the Australian National NeuroAids Brain and Tissue Bank Project. Adam and Jason will also be covering some HIV and health news.