Podcasts about Tsukasa

This episode we look at many of the natural events and talk about those observing and writing things down, and why they may have wanted to do so. For more, check out our podcast blogpage:  https://sengokudaimyo.com/podcast/episode-139   Rough Transcript: Welcome to Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  My name is Joshua and this is episode 139: Observing the "Natural" World. Members of the Onmyou-ryou, dressed in the official robes of their office, sat around in their observation tower, measuring the location of the stars.  They kept their light to a minimum, just enough so that they could write down their observations, but not so much that it would destroy their vision.  As they looked up, suddenly they saw a strange movement: a streak through the sky.  They waited, and observed, and then there was another, and another after that.  It was as if the stars themselves were falling from the heavens.  They watched as it seemed that the constellations themselves were melting and falling apart.  Quickly they scribbled down notes.  Tomorrow, with the light of day, they would consult various sources to see just what it could mean.  For now, their role was simply to observe and record.   Welcome back, everyone.  It is the height of holiday season in the US as I record this, and in our narrative we are in the middle of the reign of Ohoama, aka Temmu Tennou, who came to power in 672 and who has been shoring up the Ritsuryo state instigated by his late brother, Naka no Oe, aka Tenji Tennou.  We have talked in recent episodes about how Ohoama put a lot of the state under the control of members of the royal family, or at least those with claims to royal blood, and how he had also begun work on the Chronicles—the very works that we have been using to try and understand the history of this and earlier periods.   It seems clear that Ohoama and his cohorts were doing their best to solidify their control and, in the process, create what they felt was a modern state, leveraging the continental model, but not without their own local flavor.  After all, they were also investing in the kami based rituals of state and specifically in Ise shrine, which they claimed as an ancestral shrine for their lineage. This episode, let's dig into another thing that was getting reported around this time.  And that is… science!  Or at least observations of the world and indications of how people were interacting with it. Before going into the subject, I want to acknowledge that "science", or "Kagaku" in modern Japanese, may not look like what we think of as "science" today.  The word "Kagaku" itself appears to come about in the late Edo period, and became associated with the western idea of "Science" in the Meiji period.  Today we think of it as observations, yes, but also testing via the scientific method. I think it might be more appropriate to categorize a lot of earlier science under a term like "learning" or "study", and it seems to have encompassed a wide range of topics of study, some of which we would include as "science" and some which we might refer to more as "arts".  There is also a very fine line with religion and philosophy as well. From a modern perspective, I think one could fairly argue that "science"—particularly the so-called "hard" sciences—refers to something that can be empirically tested via the scientific method.  So you can see something, form a hypothesis, create a test, and then that test should produce the same results no matter who conducts it, assuming you account for the variables. And please don't @ me about this… I know I am simplifying things.  This isn't a podcast about science unless we are talking about the social sciences of history and archaeology. In contrast to our modern concept of science, much of what we see in the Asuka era is built around using our reasoning to arrive at the truth of something.  In cases where we are dealing with clearly physical phenomena that have observable causes and effects, this can lead to remarkably reliable results.  One example of this is calendrical science—it isn't that hard to observe the passing of days and seasons.  Even the rotation of the earth and the movements of stars and even something with as large a period as comets could be observed and tracked, especially if you had centuries of data to comb through.  In fact, they often would predict things that it turns out they couldn't, themselves, see.  They could predict that an eclipse would occur, for example, even when that eclipse was only visible somewhere else.  And they didn't have to calculate gravitational pull, mass, or distances between different heavenly bodies for that to occur. Similarly, in the agricultural sphere: you had so many people who observed the seasons and would figure out new ways of doing things.  It doesn't take an understanding of chlorophyl to know that plants generally do better when exposed to sunlight. I believe the leap happens when you get to things that go beyond purely observable means.  Sickness, for example—how do you explain viruses or germs without equipment like microscopes to see what our eyes alone cannot?  And if such "invisible" things could cause so much damage, then why could there not be other "invisible" elements, such as kami and boddhisatvas?  And as humans we are driven to make connections.  It is one of the things that has driven our technological innovation and rise, but it is also something that can easily go awry.  Like when you are sitting in a dark house, alone, and you hear a noise.  Rationally, you might know that houses settle and creak, but that doesn't necessarily stop your brain from connecting it with thoughts that someone must be in the house making that noise. Or even how we make judgments based on nothing more than how someone talks or what they look like, because our brains have made connections with those things, for good or ill. A large part of the rationalization that was accomplished in Asian thought had to do with concepts of Yin and Yang, the negative and the positive, the dark and the light.  This was thought of as a kind of energy—qi or ki—that was embedded in things.  We discussed this somewhat back in episode 127, because yin yang theory, along with the five element theory, known as Wuxing or Gogyou in Japanese, became embedded in the idea of the calendar.  Why was summer hot, except that it was connected with an excess of fire energy?  And the cold, dark days of winter would be associated with an excess of water, naturally. I should note that while this is one of the more comprehensive philosophical systems in use, it was not the only means by which various phenomena and effects were rationalized.  After all, it had to be imposed on a framework of how the world otherwise worked, and descriptions of the world came from a variety of places.  There was, for example, the Classic of Mountains and Seas, or Sanhaijing, which detailed the world as envisioned in the period before the Qin dynasty, although there were occasional updates.  The Sanhaijing  described regular plants and animals in the same breath as gods and monsters.  There were also various buddhist sutras, which brought their own cosmological view of the universe that had to be squared with other visions, including those passed down locally describing the archipelago as the "Reed Plain" and giving particular importance to eight of the islands—though which eight depends on which variant of the creation myth you are referencing. To categorize the study of the natural—and what we would consider the supernatural—world around them, the Ritsuryou set up specific bureaus.  One of these was the Onmyou-ryou, the Bureau of Yin-yang, also known as the Onyo no Tsukasa.  This Bureau oversaw divination, astronomy, time, and calendars.  At its head was the Onmyou-no-kami.  Below them were the various scholars studying the core subjects, as well as technical practitioners to carry out the rites and divination. On the continent, priority was generally given to astronomical and calendrical studies, and many of the more magical practices or rituals would fade away, likely because there were local Taoist institutions who could take up much of that work.  In Japan, however, it seems that the calendrical studies tended to ossify, instead, while onmyoji came to fill a role not just for the state but also among the population for divination and other such practices.  Even into the Edo period one could find private onmyoji, and the Bureau itself lasted until the very beginning of the Meiji period. Another important institution of the Ritsuryo government for learning was the Daigakuryou, the Bureau of Great Learning.  Students of Japanese may recognize the term "Daigaku" referring, today, to universities. The original concept for the Daigaku-ryou, or Daigaku no Tsukasa, was focused on the study of those things that were considered perhaps a bit more practical and necessary to anyone who might want a political career.  Since this was founded on concepts of Confucian government, it is little wonder that it was originally designed to focus on Confucian studies, among other things.  This fits into the idea of a supposed meritocracy, where one's education was part of the examination.  You may recall from Episode 115 we talked about the National University in Chang'an, which is likely something that the Daigaku Ryou could only ever dream of becoming. Early arts taught at the Daigaku Ryou included the Confucian classics, mathematics, writing, and Chinese pronunciation.  These were all things that you would need to know to become a part of the bureaucracy The idea of a school may have been born along with the early institution of the government, with mention as early as 671, in the last year of Naka no Oe's reign, but we don't have it clearly established in the code until later.  Full operations may have been somewhat delayed due to the tumultuous events of Ohoama's accession to power in 672, but we do see it explicitly mentioned in the year 675.  On the first day of the year we are told that Students from the Daigaku Ryou, along with students from the Onmyou-Ryou and from the Gaiyaku Ryou, the Bureau of External Medicine; along with the Woman of S'ravasti, the Woman of Tara, Prince Syeonkwang of Baekje, and Silla labourers offered presents of drugs and various rarities. We talked about the first two, the Daigaku-ryou and the Onmyou-ryou, but the Gaiyaku Ryou doesn't seem to have a lot of information out there beyond this mention.  Later there would a "Ten'yaku Ryou", or Bureau of Medicine, established in the code.  Since we don't have any extant codes from this period beyond what was written down in the Nihon Shoki, we don't know for certain what the Gaiyaku-ryou was , and it is possible that the Gaiyaku-Ryou was a precursor to the Ten'yaku Ryou.  "GAI" means "outside" or "external", leading me to wonder if this referred to external medicine in contrast to internal medicine, or if it meant medicine or drugs from outside teh archipeloago. I would point out that these students are found with the Woman of S'ravasti, or Shae; the Woman of Tara; a Baekje prince and Silla labourers.  In other words, they were all people from outside of the archipelago.  This is not entirely surprising as it was from outside that much of the learning was coming into the country. "Yaku" or "Kusuri", which can be translated as either "Drugs" or "medicine", could refer to a number of things.  How effective they were is somewhat questionable. Almost certainly some of them had confirmed medicinal efficacy, but others may have been thought to have been effective due to things like their connection to the five elements, or wuxing, theory. For example, something red might be assumed to have a warming effect because of the presumed presence of the fire element.  And the power of the placebo effect no doubt made them seem at least partially effective.  Consider, for example, how many people will swear by certain remedies for the common cold when all it really does is distract you, or perhaps make you a bit more comfortable, until the symptoms pass on their own. A more certain science was probably that of Astronomy, which we've mentioned a few times.  The passage of the stars through the sky was something that could be easily observed.  There is a theory that some of the first lines in the Yijing, or book of changes, may actually be a description of the changing of seasons as different aspects of a given constellation rise over the horizon, and the placement of certain stars would help in the adjustment of the lunar calendar, since the moon's orbit does not match up exactly with the solar year, and year the solar year was quite important to things like agriculture and even sailing to the mainland. This all makes 675 a seemingly banner year for science, as four days after the presentation of medicine to the throne, the government erected a platform by which to observe the stars.  This wouldn't need to be much—it could have been an earthen mound, or just a tower, from which one could get above the ground, presumably see over any buildings, to the horizon.  Granted, Asuka might not be the best place for such observations, with the nearby mountains meaning that the true horizon is often obstructed.  Nonetheless, it may have been enough to make calculations. Astronomy platforms, or Tenmondai, would continue to be used up until at least the Meiji period.  Without a telescope, observations were somewhat limited—though they also didn't have the same level of light pollution that we have today.  Remember, many woke just before dawn and went to sleep not too long after the sun went down, which only makes sense when you are living in a place where creating light, while doable, also ran the risk of burning your entire house to the ground. It is worth noting that the sky for the ancient Japanese was likely quite different than what most of us see when we look up, unless you are fortunate enough to live in a place with very little light pollution.  For many of those living today in the cities and suburban landscape, go outside at night and you might see the moon and some of the brightest stars, but for most of the ancient Japanese, they would look up and see the heavenly river, the Amakawa, or Milky Way.  They would have looked up at a sky glittering with myriad dots of light, as well as planets and more.  It was both familiar and strange—something one saw regularly and yet something that was also extremely inaccessible. Astronomical observations would have been important for several reasons, as I've mentioned.  They would have been used to keep the calendar in check, but they would also have likely been used to help calibrate the water clock, which helped to tell time.  Of course, going back to the five elements and yin yang theory, it is also believed that the energy, the qi or ki, changed with the seasons and the movements of the stars and planets—planets were not known as such, of course, but their seemingly erratic movements compared to bright lights in the sky meant they were noticed and assigned values within the elemental system. One of the things that came with the changing seasons, the heavenly movements, and the flow of ki was a concept of "kata-imi", literally directional taboos.  There were times when certain directions might be considered favorable or unfavorable for various actions.  This could be something as simple as traveling in a given direction.  In the centuries to come this would spawn an entire practice of kata-tagae, or changing direction.  Is the north blocked, but you need to travel there, anyway?  Well just go northwest to say hello to a friend or visit your local sake brewery, and then travel due east.  Ta-da!  You avoided going directly north!  There were also mantra-like incantations that one might say if they had to travel in an inauspicious direction to counteract the concept of bad influences. This also influenced various other things, and even today you will often see dates where a year and month might be followed by simply the character for "auspicious day" rather than an actual day of the month. So observing the heavens was important, and it was also important that they tostudy the works of those on the continent, whose records could help predict various astronomical phenomena.  Except that there was one tiny problem:  I don't know if you've noticed, but Japan and China are in two different locations.  Not all astronomical phenomena can be observed from all points of the globe.  The Northern Lights, for example, are rarely seen in more southerly latitudes, and while eclipses are not too rare, a total eclipse only impacts certain areas of the earth, along relatively narrow paths. I mention this because it isn't always clear if the records we get in the Nihon Shoki are about phenomena they directly observed or if they are taking reports from elsewhere and incorporating them into the narrative.  One such event is the comet of 676. The entry in the Nihon Shoki tells us that in the 7th lunar month of the 5th year of Temmu Tennou, aka 676 CE, a star appeared in the east that was 7 or 8 shaku in length.  It disappeared two months later. We've mentioned some of this before, but the sky was divided up into "shaku", or "feet", though how exactly it was measured I'm not entirely sure.  It appears to be that one foot was roughly 1.5 degrees of the sky, give or take about a quarter of a degree, with 180 degrees from horizon to horizon.  So it would have been about 10 to 12 degrees in the sky.  Another way to picture it is if you hold out your arm towards the object, and spread your index and little finger, it would probably fit between those two points.  This comet hung around for some time, and a great part about a comet like this is that it was viewable from multiple locations.  After all, as the earth turned, different areas were exposed to the comet as it passed through our part of the solar system.  Thus we have records of it from not just the Nihon Shoki:  We also find it in the Anglo-Saxon chronicles, where it was thought to have foretold the end of Bishop Wilfred's control of Northumbria.  We also see it in Tang, Silla, and Syrian sources. These sources aren't always in complete agreement.  For one thing, they noted when they first saw it, which might have been impacted by local conditions.  And then conversion between lunar and solar calendars can also sometimes get in the way.  Roughtly speaking, we have the Nihon Shoki providing dates of somewhere from about August or September of 676, on the Western calendar, to October or November. Tang sources put it from 4 September to 1 November.  Silla Chronicles claim that it first appeared in the 7th lunar month, so between August and September.  A Syrian Chronicle notes a comet from about 28 August to 26 October in the following year, 677, but this is thought to have been a mistake.  European sources generally seem to claim it was seen in August and lasted for three months.  All of these sightings put it at roughly the same time. Working with that and with known comets, we think we actually know which comet this is:  The Comet de Cheseaux also known as the Comet Klinkenberg-Cheseaux.  And I should mention this is all thanks to a research paper by M. Meyer and G. W. Kronk.  In that paper they propose that this is the comet with the designation of C/1743 X1, or the common names I just mentioned.  If so, based on its trajectory, this comet would have been visible in 336, 676, 1032, 1402, 1744, and is next predicted to show up in 2097.  And no, those aren't all exactly the same amount of time.  It is roughly every 350 years or so, but with the movements of the solar system, the planets, and various gravitational forces that likely slow or speed up its movement, it doesn't show up on exactly regular intervals.  Still, it is pretty incredible to think that we have a record of a comet that was seen the world over at this time, by people looking up from some very different places. Comets were something interesting for early astronomers.  They may have originally been seen as particularly ominous—after all, in the early eras, they were hardly predictable, and it would take years to get enough data to see that they were actually a somewhat regular occurrence.  In fact, it is likely that early astronomers were able to figure out eclipse schedules before comets.  Still, they seem to have come to the realization that comets were in fact another type of natural and reoccurring phenomenon.  That isn't to say that they didn't have any oracular meaning, but it did mean they were less of an obvious disturbance of the heavenly order. We have another comet mentioned in the 10th lunar month of 681, but that one seems to have had less attention focused on it, and we don't have the same details.  Then in the 8th lunar month of 682 we have an entry about a Great Star passing from East to West—which was probably a shooting star, rather than a comet.  Comets, for all that they appear to be streaking across the sky thanks to their long tails, are often relatively stable from an earthbound perspective, taking months to appear and then disappear again. Then, on the 23rd day of the 7th month of 684 we get another comet in the northwest.  This one was more than 10 shaku in length—about 15 degrees, total, give or take.  Given the date, we can be fairly confident about this one, as well: it was the famous Halley's comet.  Halley's comet is fascinating for several reasons.  For one, it has a relatively short period of about 72 to 80 years, though mostly closer to 75 to 77 years in between sightings.  The last time it visited the earth was in 1986, and it is expected back in 2061.  Halley's comet has been recorded since the 3rd century BCE, and, likely because of its short period, it was the first periodic comet to be recognized as such.  There are other periodic comets with short periods, but many of them are not visible with the naked eye.  Halley's comet is perhaps the most studied comet, given its regular and relatively short periodicity.  It is also connected to the famous writer, humorist, and essayist, Samuel Langhorne Clemens, aka Mark Twain.  He was born only a few days after the comet reached perihelion in 1835 and died a day after it reached the same point again in 1910, and while he may not have visited Japan in his lifetime, it was a period of great change both in his home country of America and in Japan.  America, of course, would undergo a Civil War over the issue of slavery in the early 1860s, and shortly after that Japan would have its own civil war in the form of the Meiji Revolution.  And while he never visited—and translation could only do so much to capture the art of his prose—Mark Twain's works were apparently quite influential in Japan in the early 20th century. Of course, comets were just one of the celestial phenomena to be observed.  The astronomers were interested in just about anything happening in the sky.  We have accounts of both solar and lunar eclipses, and not necessarily full eclipses either.  We even have notice of the movement of some planets, such as in 681, when they noted that the planet mars "entered" the moon. Obviously the astronomers weren't recording every raincloud that came through—at least not in the main chronicles—but they did capture a fair number of events.  They did record particularly memorable storms.  For instances, in the 8th lunar month of 675 there was a storm that is said to have caused sand to fly and which then damaged houses.  This sounds like a wind storm without rain—after all, if there was rain, you would expect that the sand would have been wet and tamped down.  It is possible to have hurricane level winds without the rain.  While typhoons typically bring rain, especially as they usually build up their strength at sea, it is possible to have the winds alone, as I've experienced, myself, in Tokyo.  This most likely happens in an isolated area—there is water and rain somewhere, but the typhoon can be large, so parts of it may only get the wind and little or no rain.  I wonder if something like that happened in this instance.  It is also possible that this record refers to actual sand being brought across from the continent.  In some instances, sand can be lifted up from as far away as Mongolia and carried all the way to Japan, though it is pretty rare. And it wasn't just wind and sand.  We get accounts of hail coming down as large as peaches, torrential rainstorms, and even ash, likely from a volcanic eruption that was otherwise unrecorded.  There are also accounts of snow, though typically recorded in times where you wouldn't expect to see it, such as the third lunar month, which would mean snow in late April or early May. Mostly these storms are mentioned in terms of how they affected the immediate fortunes of the living, but sometimes storms did even more damage.  In 682, for example, a hoar-frost was reported in both Shinano and Kibi in the 7th lunar month.  On its own, this probably wouldn't have been worth mentioning, but the chroniclers add that because of storms the "five grains had not formed".  So storms had diminished the crops and the hoar-frost was apparently the killing blow.  The harvest that year would be lean, and it would not be a happy time for many that winter. And then, just as important as what was happening was what was not.  There are several mentions of droughts, particularly towards the end of Spring, early Summer.  This is traditionally a drier period, and if it is too dry it could harm the harvest.  And so the government was expected to find a way to bring the rain—a tall order, the general resolution to which seems to be prayers and rituals designed to bring rain.  In a place like Japan, I suspect that it was usually just a matter of time before the prayers were "successful", thus reinforcing their presumed efficacy. Some of the things that they recorded were a bit more mysterious.  For example, in the second lunar month of 680 we are told that a sound like drums was heard from the East.  There are many things this could theoretically be, from rumbles of thunder to some other phenomenon, though the following year we have a note about thunder in the West, so theoretically they knew the difference between thunder and drums.  Later that same year, 680, we are told that there was a "brightness" in the East from the hour of the dog to the hour of the rat—about 8pm to midnight.  Was this some kind of aurora?  But wouldn't that have been in the north, rather than the east?    Could it have been some kind of lightning?  But that is a long time for a lightning storm to hang around.  And there are other strange things, some of which seem impossible and we have to doubt.  For example, in 684 they said that, at dusk, the seven stars of the Big Dipper drifted together to the northeast and sank.  Unless they are just recording the natural setting of the stars of the big dipper.  Certainly, over time the constellation appears to rotate around the north star, and it dips down to or below the horizon in the autumn months.  So were they just talking about the natural, yearly setting of the stars, or something else? There may be some clues in that the 11th lunar month, when that was recorded, we see several other heavenly phenomena recorded.  Two days after the Big Dipper set, at sunset, a star fell in the eastern quarter of the sky that we are told was as large as a jar.  Later, the constellations were wholly disordered and stars fell like rain.  That same month, a star shot up in the zenith and proceeded along with the Pleiades until the end of the month.  While this sounds like shooting stars and a possible meteor shower, a later commenter suggested that this was all a heavenly omen for the state of the court, showing the "disordered" state of the nobility at this time.  Of course, this was also a year and change before the sovereign's eventual passing, so there is also the possibility that the Chroniclers were looking at events later and ascribing meaning and importance after the fact. In another account of something seemingly wonderous: in 682 we are told that something shaped like a Buddhist flag, colored like flame, was seen by all of the provinces and then sank into the Japan sea north of Koshi.  A white mist is also said to have risen up from the Eastern mountains. There are various things that could be going on here.  It strikes me that the white mist could be a cloud, but could also be something volcanic.  And the flame colored prayer flag makes me think about how a high cloud can catch the light of the rising or setting sun.  That could look like a flag, and can seem extremely odd depending on the other conditions in the sky. Or maybe it was aliens. Okay, it is unlikely that it was aliens, but I think that these do give an idea of the kinds of records that were being made about the observed phenomena.  Obviously the Nihon Shoki is recording those things that were considered particularly significant for whatever reason.  This could just be because it was something odd and unexplained, or perhaps it was more well known but rare.  It may have even had religious connotations based on some aspect, like evoking the image of Buddhist flags.  And it is possible that it was thought to have had significant impact on events—perhaps even an impact that isn't clear to us today, many centuries removed from the events. Some things were clear, however.  Lightning strikes are often mentioned specifically when they strike something of note.  In 678, we are told that a pillar of the Western Hall of the New Palace was struck by lightning, though apparently the building itself survived.  Then, in 686, Lighting appeared in the southern sky with a large roar of thunder.  A fire broke out and caught the tax cloth storehouse of the Ministry of Popular affairs, which immediately exploded in flames.  After all, a thatched roofed, wooden building filled with kindling in the form of cloth—and likely a  fair amount of paper and writing supplies to keep track of it all—sounds like a bonfire waiting to happen.  There were reports that the fire had actually started in Prince Osakabe's palace and then spread to the Ministry of Popular Affairs from there. It is also worth noting that recording of such events was still somewhat new to the archipelago as a whole. They were learning from the continent, but also defining their own traditions. Observations of natural phenomena weren't just relegated to celestial occurrences or weather.  After all, there was something else that one could observe in the sky:  birds.  Now this wasn't your average bird-watching—though I'm not saying that there weren't casual birders in ancient Japan, and if we ever find someone's birding diary from that era I think that would be so cool.  But there were some things that were significant enough to be mentioned. For example, in 678 we get a report of "atori", or bramblings.  Bramblings are small songbirds which are found across Eurasia.  Notably they are migratory, and are known to migrate in huge flocks especially in the winter time, and sure enough on the 27th day of the 12th month we are told that the bramblings flew from the southwest to the northeast, covering the entire sky.  This makes me think about some of the other mass migrations that used to occur that have largely been reduced significantly due to habitat loss, disruption to traditional migratory routes, and other population pressures on various bird species.  Still, having so many birds that it blocked out the sky certainly seems a significant event to report on.  We later see a similar account in 680, with the flock moving from southeast to northwest.  Given the location of Asuka it sounds like they were flocking in the mountains and heading out over the Nara Basin, perhaps seeking food in another mountainous area. In 682, the birders were at it again.  This time, around midday on the 11th day of the 9th lunar month, several hundreds of cranes appeared around the Palace and soared up into the sky.  They were there for about two hours before they dispersed.  Once again, cranes are migratory and known to flock.  Cranes are also known as a symbol of long life and joy—and I can understand it.  Have you ever seen a flock of cranes?  They are not small birds, and they can be really an incredible sight.  Flocks of cranes themselves were probably not that rare, and it was no doubt more about so many gathering around the palace which made it particularly special. It wasn't just birds in the sky that were considered important symbols, though.  Birds often are noted as auspicious omens.  Usually strange birds, plants, or other such things are found in various provinces and presented to the throne.    So in 675, Yamato presented auspicious "barn-door fowl", likely meaning a fancy chicken.  Meanwhile, the Eastern provinces presented a white falcon and the province of Afumi presented a white kite.  Chickens are associated with the sun and thus with the sun goddess, Amaterasu, and albino versions of animals were always considered auspicious, often being mentioned in Buddhist sources.  Later, in 680, we see a small songbird, a "Shitodo", also described as white, and probably albino, sent to the court from nearby Settsu. Then, in 681 there is mention of a red sparrow.  Red coloration is not quite the same as albinism, though it is something that does occur at times, when the brownish coloration comes out more red than brown, and I suspect this is what we are talking about.  This is most likely just a recessed gene or genetic mutation, similar to causes for albinism, but just in a different place in the DNA.  As for why it was important:  I'd first and foremost note that anything out of the ordinary (and even some ordinary things) could be considered a sign.   Red was also seen as an auspicious color, so that may have had something to do with it as well.  And then there is the concept of Suzaku, the red bird of the south.  Suzaku is usually depicted as an exotic bird species of some kind, like how we might depict a phoenix.  But it was also just a "red bird", so there is that, and perhaps that was enough.  Not that this red sparrow was "Suzaku", but evoked the idea of the southern guardian animal.  A year prior, in 680, a red bird—we aren't told what kind—had perched on a southern gate, which even more clearly screams of the Suzaku aesthetic. It is probably worth noting here that in 686, towards the end of the reign, not that anyone knew it at the time, Ohoama decided to institute a new nengo, or regnal period.  It was called Shuuchou—red or vermillion bird—and it likely referred to Suzaku.  This nengo was cut short, however, with Ohoama's death that same year.  Nengo were often chosen with auspicious names as a kind of hope for the nation, so clearly "red bird" was considered a good thing. A month after the red sparrow, Ise sent a white owl, and then a month after that, the province of Suwou sent a red turtle, which they let loose in the pond at the Shima palace.  Again, these were probably just examples of animals seen as auspicious, though they would have likely been recorded by the Onmyou-ryou, who would have likely combed through various sources and precedents to determine what kind of meaning might be attached to them. Color wasn't the only thing that was important.  In 682, the Viceroy of Tsukushi reported that they had found a sparrow with three legs.  There are numerous reasons why this could be, but there is particular significance in Japan and Asia more generally.  A three legged bird is often associated with the sun Andusually depicted as a black outline of a three legged bird inside of a red sun.  In Japan this was often conflated with the Yata-garasu, the Great Crow, which is said to have led the first mythical sovereign, Iware Biko, to victory in his conquest of Yamato.  Thus we often see a three legged crow depicted in the sun, which was an object of particular veneration for the Wa people from centuries before.  And I suspect that the little three-legged sparrow from Tsukushi  I suspect that this had particular significance because of that image. Animals were not the only auspicious things presented to the throne.  In 678, Oshinomi no Miyatsuko no Yoshimaro presented the sovereign with five auspicious stalks of rice.  Each stalk, itself, had other branches.  Rice, of course, was extremely important in Japan, both from a ritual and economic sense, so presenting rice seems appropriate.  Five stalks recalls things like the five elemental theory—and in general five was consider a good number.  Three and five are both good, prime numbers, while four, pronounced "Shi", sounds like death and is considered inauspicious.  Three, or "San" is sometimes associated with life, and five is associated with the five elements, but also just the fact that it is half of ten, and we have five fingers on one hand and in so many other ways, five is regarded as a good number in much of Asia. That the stalks had multiple branches likely referred to them bearing more than the usual amount of rice on them, which seems particularly hopeful.  Certainly the court thought so.  In light of the auspicious gift, all sentences of penal servitude and lower were remitted.  In 680, Officials of the Department of Law gave tribute of auspicious stalks of grain, themselves.  I'm not sure, in this case, that it was all that they hoped, however, as that began three days straight of rain and flooding. A year earlier, in 679, we are told that the district of Ito, in Kii, immediately south of Yamato, sent as tribute the "herb of long life".  We are told that it "resembled" a mushroom—probably meaning it was a mushroom, or maybe something formed into a mushroom shape.  But the stem was about a foot long and the crown was two spans, about 6 feet in diameter.  This is pretty incredible, and I have to wonder if there is a bit of exaggeration going on here. Another tribute was a horn found on Mt. Katsuraki.  It branched into two at the base, was united at the end, and had some flesh and hair still attached, about an inch in length.  They claimed it must be horn or a Lin, or Kirin, sometimes referred to as an Asian unicorn—a mythical creature considered to be quite auspicious and benevolent.  This was on the 26th day in the 2nd lunar month of the year 680, probably around March or April.  I highly suspect that what they found was an oddly shaped bit of antler from  a buck whose antlers had begun to come in and which might have been taken out by wolves or bears or something else altogether.  The fact that the ends were said to be fused together could just be referring to some kind of malformation of the antlers.  The fur and flesh could mean that the antlers were still growing—antlers would probably just be coming in around early spring time.  Still, there is no telling how long it was there, so it could have been from the previous year as well.  Attributing it to a kirin seems a bit of a stretch, but it was clearly something unusual. Animals and plants were recorded in tribute, but also when something odd happened.  Fruiting out of season was one such occurrence, which we've seen elsewhere in the chronicles as well.  There was even a record when the famous Tsuki tree outside of Asukadera had a branch fall down.  Presumably it was a large and noticeable branch, and by now this appears to have been a tree with a bit of age to it that had seen a lot, so it makes sense it got a mention. Finally, we go from the heavens to the earth.    Perhaps the most numerous observations in the Chronicles were the earthquakes.  We've noted in the past that Japan is extremely active, volcanically speaking, so it makes sense that there are multiple accounts of earthquakes each year, especially if they were compiling reports from around the country.  Most of these are little more than just a note that there was an earthquake, but a few stand out. The first is the 12th lunar month of 678.  We are told that there was a large earthquake in Tsukushi—modern Kyushu. The ground split open to the width of about 20 feet for more than 30,000 feet.  Many of the commoners' houses in the area were torn down.  In one place there was a house atop a hill, and though the hill crumbled down the house somehow remained intact.  The inhabitants had apparently been home and must have been oblivious, as they didn't realize anything had happened until they woke up the next morning. Again, probably a bit of hyperbole in here, but if we think back to things like the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake, where large areas of land shifted noticeably along the fault lines, it is likely that this was a similar or even more catastrophic event.  And here I'll give a quick plug for Kumamoto, which is still working to rebuild from the earthquake, and if you ever get a chance, I recommend a visit to the Kumamoto Earthquake Memorial Museum or Kioku, where you can see for yourself just how powerful mother nature can be. Another powerful earthquake was mentioned in the 10th lunar month of 684.  If the earthquake in Tsukushi had hit mostly agricultural areas, based on the description, this seems to have hit more populated regions.  We are told that it started in the dark of night, the hour of the boar, so about 10pm, give or take an hour.  The shaking was so bad that throughout the country men and women cried out and were disoriented—they could not tell east from west, a condition no doubt further hindered by the dark night sky.  There were mountain slides and rivers changed course, breaking their banks and flooding nearby areas.  Official buildings of the provinces and districts, the barns and houses of the common people, and the temples, pagodas, and shrines were all destroyed in huge numbers.  Many people and domestic animals were killed or injured.  The hot springs of Iyo were dried up and ceased to flow.  In the province of Tosa, more than 500,000 shiro of cultivated land sank below sea level.  Old men said that they had never seen such an earthquake.  On that night there was a rumbling noise like that of drums heard in the east—possibly similar to what we had mentioned earlier.  Some say that the island of Idzu, aka Vries Island, the volcanic island at the entrance of Edo Bay, increased on the north side by more than 3,000 feet and that a new island had been formed.  The noise of the drums was attributed to the gods creating that island. So here we have a catastrophic quake that impacted from Iyo, on the western end of Shikoku, all the way to the head of Edo Bay, modern Tokyo.  This appears to be what seismologists have labelled a "Nankai Trough Megathrust Earthquake".  Similar quakes have occurred and are predicted to occur in the future., along a region of Japan from the east coast of Kyushu, through the Seto Inland Sea, including Shikoku, through the Kii peninsula and all the way to Mt. Fuji.  The Nankai Trough, or Southern Sea Trough, is the area where the continental shelf drops down, and where the Philippine tectonic plate slips underneath the Eurasian—or more specifically the Amuric—plate.  As these plates move it can cause multiple events all along the trough at the same time.  Since being regularly recorded, these quakes have been noted every 100 to 150 years, with the last one being the Showa Nankai quakes of 1944 and 1946. For all of the destruction that it brought, however, apparently it didn't stop the court.  Two days after this devastating quake we are told that Presents were made to the Princes and Ministers.  Either they weren't so affected in the capital, or perhaps the date given for one of the two records is not quite reliable.  Personally, I find it hard to believe that there would be presents given out two days later unless they were some form of financial aid.  But what do I know?  It is possible that the court itself was not as affected as other areas, and they may not have fully even grasped the epic scale of the destruction that would later be described in the Chronicles, given the length of time it took to communicate messages across the country. Which brings us back to the "science" of the time, or at least the observation, hoping to learn from precedence or piece out what messages the world might have for the sovereign and those who could read the signs.  While many of the court's and Chronicler's conclusions may give us pause, today, we should nonetheless be thankful that they at least decided to keep notes and jot down their observations.  That record keeping means that we don't have to only rely on modern records to see patterns that could take centuries to reveal themselves.  Sure, at this time, those records were  still a bit spotty, but it was the start of something that would be remarkably important, and even though these Chronicles may have been focused on propaganda, the fact that they include so many other references are an incalculable boon to us, today, if we can just see to make the connections.  And with that, I think I've rambled enough for this episode.  We still have a couple more to fully cover this period. Until then, if you like what we are doing, please tell your friends and feel free to rate us wherever you listen to podcasts.  If you feel the need to do more, and want to help us keep this going, we have information about how you can donate on Patreon or through our KoFi site, ko-fi.com/sengokudaimyo, or find the links over at our main website,  SengokuDaimyo.com/Podcast, where we will have some more discussion on topics from this episode. Also, feel free to reach out to our Sengoku Daimyo Facebook page.  You can also email us at the.sengoku.daimyo@gmail.com.  Thank you, also, to Ellen for their work editing the podcast. And that's all for now.  Thank you again, and I'll see you next episode on Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  

It is the first year of a new reign, so come and let's take a look at how it all begins. For more, check out our blog page at: https://sengokudaimyo.com/podcast/episode-135 Rough Transcript   Welcome to Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  My name is Joshua and this is episode 135: Year One The officials of the Ministry of Kami Affairs bustled to and fro as they prepared the ritual grounds and the temporary buildings.  They were carefully erecting the structures, which would only be used for a single festival, and then torn down, but this would be an important festival.  It was the harvest festival, the Niiname-sai, the festival of the first-fruits.  Rice, from the regions of Tamba and Harima, specifically chosen through divination, would be offered to his majesty along with the kami who had blessed the land.  But this time, there was more. After all, this was the first harvest festival of a new reign, and they had orders to make it special.  The ascension ceremony had been held earlier in the year, but in some ways that was just a prelude.  There had been various rituals and ceremonies throughout the year emphasizing that this year was special—even foreign lands were sending envoys to congratulate him on the event.  But this wasn't for them.  This was the sovereign taking part, for the first time, in one of the most important ceremonies of the year.  After all, the feast of first-fruits was the culmination of all that the kami had done, and it emphasized the sovereign's role as both a descendant of heaven and as the preeminent intercessor with the divine spirits of the land. And so they knew, that everything had to be bigger, with even more pomp and circumstance than normal.  This wouldn't just be about the new rice.  This would be a grand ceremony, one that only happened once in a generation, and yet which would echo through the centuries.  As the annual harvest festival, it was an ancient tradition.  But as something new—as the Daijosai—it was something else all together. And it would have to be perfect!   Last episode we talked about the Kiyomihara palace and a little bit about what it was like in the court of Ohoama, aka Temmu Tennou.  After defeating the Afumi court supporting his nephew, Ohotomo, in 672, Ohoama had taken control of the government.  He moved back to Asuka, and into the refurbished Okamoto palace, building a southern exclave known to us today as the Ebinoko enclosure, which held one large building, which may have been a residence or a ceremonial structure—possibly the first “Daigokuden” or ceremonial hall. Ohoama's court built on the ideas that his brother, Naka no Oe, aka Tenji Tennou, had put forth since the Taika era.  This was a continuation of the form of government known as the Ritsuryo system, or Ritsuryo-sei, literally a government of laws and punishments, and Ohoama had taken the reins.  He seems to have taken a much more direct approach to governance compared to some of his predecessors. For instance, the role of the ministerial families was reduced, with Ohoama or various princes—actual or invented relatives of the throne—taking a much more prominent role.  He also expanded access to the central government to those outside of the the Home Provinces.  After all, it was the traditional ministerial families—the Soga, the Nakatomi, and even the Kose—who had been part of the Afumi government that he had just defeated.  Meanwhile, much of his military support had come from the Eastern provinces, though with prominent indications of support from Kibi and Tsukushi as well. This episode we are going to get back to the events documented in the Chronicles, looking just at the first year of Ohoama's reign.  Well, technically it was the second year, with 672 being the first, but this is the first year in which he formally sat on the throne.  There's plenty going on in this year to fill a whole episode: it was the year of Ohoama's formal ascension, and there were numerous festivals, ceremonies, and other activities that seem to be directly related to a fresh, new start.  We will also look at the custom of handing out posthumous ranks, particularly to those who supported Ohoama during the Jinshin no Ran, and how that relates to the various ranks and titles used in Ohoama's court.  We have envoys from three different countries—Tamna, Silla, and Goguryeo—and their interactions with the Dazaifu in Tsukushi.  Finally, we have the first Daijosai, one of the most important ceremonies in any reign. And so, let's get into it.   The year 673 started with a banquet for various princes and ministers, and on the 27th day of the 2nd month, Ohoama formally assumed the throne at what would come to be known as Kiyomihara Palace.  Uno, his consort, who had traveled with him through the mountains from Yoshino to Ise, was made his queen, and their son, Royal Prince Kusakabe, was named Crown Prince.  Two days later they held a ceremony to convey cap-ranks on those deemed worthy. We are then told that on the 17th day of the following month, word came from the governor of Bingo, the far western side of ancient Kibi, today the eastern part of modern Hiroshima.  They had caught a white pheasant in Kameshi and sent it as tribute.  White or albino animals were seen as particularly auspicious signs, and no doubt it was taken as an omen of good fortune for the reign.  In response, the forced labor from Bingo, which households were required to supply to the State, was remitted.  There was also a general amnesty granted throughout the land. That same month we are also told that scribes were brought in to Kawaradera to copy the Issaiko—aka the Tripitaka, or the entirety of the Buddhist canon.  That would include hundreds of scrolls.  This clearly seems to be an act of Buddhist merit-making:  by copying out the scrolls you make merit, which translates to good karma.  That would be another auspicious start to the reign, and we see frequently that rulers would fund sutra copying—or sutra recitations—as well as temples, statues, bells and all other such things to earn Buddhist merit.  As the ruler, this merit didn't just accrue to you, but to the entire state, presumably bringing good fortune and helping to avert disaster. However, it wasn't just the Law of the Buddha that Ohoama was appealing to.  In the following entry, on the14th day of the 4th month, we are told that Princess Ohoki was preparing herself at the saigu, or abstinence palace, in Hatsuse—known as Hase, today, east of modern Sakurai, along the Yonabari river, on the road to Uda.  Ohoki was the sister of Prince Ohotsu.  Her mother was Ohota, the Queen's elder sister, making her a grandchild of Naka no Ohoye as well as the daughter of Ohoama.  Princess Ohoki's time at the abstinence palace was so that she could purify herself.  This was all to get her ready to head to Ise, to approach none other than the sun goddess, Amaterasu Ohokami. With all of these events, we see the full panoply of ritual and ceremony on display.  The formal, legal ceremonies of ascension and granting of rank.  The declaration of auspicious omens for the reign.   There is the making of Buddhist merit, but also the worship of the kami of the archipelago.  This is not an either-or situation.  We are seeing in the first half of this first year the fusion of all of these different elements into something that may not even be all that sensational to those of us, today.  After all, anyone who goes to Japan is likely well-accustomed to the way that both Buddhist and Shinto institutions can both play a large part in people's lives.  While some people may be more drawn to one than the other, for most they are complimentary. That isn't how it had to be.  For a time, it was possible that Buddhism would displace local kami worship altogether.  This was the core of the backlash that we saw from groups like the Nakatomi, whose role in kami-focused ceremonies was threatened by the new religion.  Indeed, for a while now it seems like mention of the kami has taken a backseat to Buddhist temples and ceremonies in the Chronicles.  Likewise, as a foreign religion, Buddhism could have also fallen out of favor.  It was not fore-ordained that it would come to have a permanent place on the archipelago.  This tension between local kami worship—later called Shinto, the Way of the Kami—and Buddhist teachings would vary throughout Japanese history, with one sometimes seen as more prestigious or more natural than the other, but neither one would fully eclipse the other. One could say that was in part due to the role that Amaterasu and kami worship played in the court ceremonies.  However, even there indigenous practices were not necessarily safe.  The court could have just as easily imported Confucian rituals, and replaced the spiritual connection between the sovereign and the kami with the continental style Mandate of Heaven. And thus, the choices that were being made at this time would have huge implications for the Japanese state for centuries to come. I should note that it is unlikely that this spontaneously arose amongst the upper class and the leadership.  I doubt this was just Ohoama's strategy to give himself multiple levers of power—though I'm not saying he wasn't thinking about that either.  But the only way that these levers existed was through their continued life in the culture and the people of the time.  If the people didn't believe in Buddhist merit, or that the kami influenced their lives, then neither would have given them much sway.  It was the fact that these were a part of the cultural imaginary of the state, and how people imagined themselves and their surroundings, that they were effective tools for Ohoama and his government. And so it seems that Ohoama's first year is off to a smashing success.  By the fifth month he is already issuing edicts—specifically on the structure of the state, which we discussed some last episode. But the high could not be maintained indefinitely.  And on the 29th day of the 5th month we have what we might consider our first negative entry, when Sakamoto no Takara no Omi passed away. You may remember Sakamoto, but I wouldn't blame you if you didn't.  He was the commander in the Nara Basin, under general Wofukei, who took 300 troops to Tatsuta.  From there he advanced to the Hiraishi plain and up to the top of Mt. Takayasu, to confront the Afumi forces that had taken the castle.  They fled, and Takara and his men overnighted at the castle.  The next day they tried to intercept Afumi troops advancing from the Kawachi plain, but they were forced to fall back to a defensive position.   We covered that in Episode 131 with the rest of the campaign in the Nara Basin. Takara's death is the first of many entries—I count roughly 21 through this and the following reign—which, for the most part, are all similarly worded.  Sakamoto no Takara no Omi, of Upper Daikin rank, died.  He was posthumously granted the rank of Shoushi for service in the Year of Mizu-no-e Saru, aka Jinshin.  We are told the individual, their rank at the time of their death, and then a note about a posthumous grant of rank.  Upper Daikin was already about the 7th rank from the top in the system of 664, and Shoushi would be the 6th rank, and one of the “ministerial” ranks.  This is out of 26, total.  “Kin” itself was the fourth of about 7 categories, and the last category that was split into six sub-ranks, with greater and lesser (Daikin and Shokin), each of which was further divided into Upper, Middle, and Lower ranks.  There's a lot to go into, in fact a little too much for this episode, so for more on the ranks in use at the start of the reign, check out our blogpost for this episode.        The giving of posthumous rank is mostly just an honorific.  After all, the individual is now deceased, so it isn't as if they would be drawing more of a stipend, though their new ranks may have influenced their funerary rites and similar things. As I said, on a quick scan of the text, I counted  21 of these entries, though there may be a few more with slightly different phrasing or circumstances.  Some of them were quite notable in the record, while others may have only had a mention here or there.  That they are mentioned, though, likely speaks to the importance of that connection to such a momentous year.  The Nihon Shoki is thought to have been started around the time of Ohoama or his successor, along with the Kojiki, and so it would have been important to people of the time to remind everyone that their ancestors had been the ones who helped with that momentous event.  It really isn't that much different from those who proudly trace their lineage back to heroes of, say, the American Revolution, though it likely held even more sway being closer to the actual events. After the death of Sakamoto no Takara, we get another death announcement.  This is of someone that Aston translates as “Satek Syomyeong” of Baekje, of Lower Daikin rank.  We aren't given much else about him, but we are told that Ohoama was shocked.  He granted Syomyeong the posthumous rank of “Outer Shoushi”, per Aston's translation.  He also posthumously named him as Prime Minister, or Desapyong, of Baekje. There are a few clues about who this might be, but very little to go on.  He is mentioned in 671, during the reign of Naka no Oe, when he received the rank of Upper Daikin along with Minister—or Sapyong—Yo Jasin.  It is also said in the interlinear text that he was the Vice Minister of the Ministry of Judgment—the Houkan no Taifu.  The Ministry of Judgment—the Houkan or perhaps the Nori no Tsukasa—is thought to have been the progenitor of the later Shikibu, the Ministry of Ceremony.  One of the major roles it played was in the selection of candidates for rank, position, and promotion. We are also told that in the year 660, in the reign of Takara Hime, one of the nobles captured in the Tang invasion of Baekje was “Desapyong Satek”, so perhaps this Syomyeong was a descendant or relative of the previous prime minister, who fled to Yamato with other refugees.  We also have another record from 671 of a Satek Sondeung and his companions accompanying the Tang envoy Guo Yacun.  So it would seem that the Sathek family was certainly notable The name “Satek” shows up once more, though Aston then translates it as “Sataku”, like a monk or scholar's name.  “Sataku” would be the Japanese on'yomi pronunciation of the same characters, so perhaps another relative. What we can take away from all of this is that the Baekje refugee community is still a thing in Yamato.  This Satek Seomyeong has court rank—Upper Daikin rank, just like Sakamoto, in the previous entry.  And we know that he had an official position at court—not just in the Baekje court in exile.  We'll see more on this as the community is further integrated into the rest of Society, such that there would no longer be a Baekje community, but families would continue to trace their lineages back to Baekje families, often with pride. The other odd thing here is the character “outer” or “outside” before “Shoushi”.  Aston translates it as part of the rank, and we see it show up a total of four times in some variation of “Outer Lesser X rank”.  Mostly it is as here, Outer Lesser Purple.  Later we would see a distinction of “outer” and “inner” ranks, which this may be a version of.  Depending on one's family lineage would denote whether one received an “outer” or “inner” rank, and so it may be that since Satek Syomyeong was from the Baekje community, it was more appropriate for him to have an “outside” rank. “Outer” rank would also be given to Murakuni no Muraji no Woyori, the general who had led the campaign to Afumi, taking the Seta bridge.  He was also posthumously given the rank of “Outer Shoushi” upon his death in 676.  Murakuni no Woyori is the only person of that surname mentioned around this time, so perhaps he wasn't from one of the “core” families of the Yamato court, despite the service he had rendered.  We also have at least one other noble of Baekje who is likewise granted an ”outer” rank. On the other side there are those like Ohomiwa no Makamuta no Kobito no Kimi, who was posthumously granted the rank of “Inner” Shoushi.  Here I would note that Ohomiwa certainly seems to suggest an origin in the Nara Basin, in the heartland of Yamato. The terms “Inner” and “Outer” are only used on occasion, however, and not consistently in all cases.  This could just be because of the records that the scribes were working off of at the time.  It is hard to say, exactly. All of these entries about posthumous ranks being granted tend to refer to cap ranks, those applying to members of various Uji, the clans that had been created to help organize the pre-Ritsuryo state. The Uji and their members played important roles in the court and the nation, both as ministers and lower functionaries.  But I also want to mention another important component of Ohoama's court, the members of the princely class, many of whom also actively contributed to the functioning of the state.  Among this class are those that Aston refers to as “Princes of the Blood”, or “Shinnou”.  These include the royal princes, sons of Ohoama who were in line for the throne, but also any of his brothers and sisters.  Then there were the “miko”, like Prince Kurikuma, who had been the Viceroy in Tsukushi, denying troops to the Afumi court.  Those princes claimed some lineal descent from a sovereign, but they were not directly related to the reigning sovereign.  In fact, it isn't clear, today, if they were even indirectly related to the reigning sovereign, other than through the fact that the elites of the archipelago had likely been forming marriage alliances with one another for centuries, so who knows.  And maybe they made their claims back to a heavenly descendant, like Nigi Hayahi.  Either way, they were the ones with claims—legitimate or otherwise—to royal blood.  Notably, the Princes did not belong to any of the Uji, , and they didn't have kabane, either—no “Omi”, “Muraji”, “Atahe”, et cetera. They did, at least from this reign forward, have rank.  But it was separate and different from the rank of the Uji members.  Members of the various Uji were referred to with cap rank, but the Princely ranks were just numbered—in the Nihon Shoki we see mention of princes of the 2nd through 5th ranks—though presumably there was also a “first” rank.  It is not entirely clear when this princely rank system was put into place, but it was probably as they were moving all of the land, and thus the taxes, to the state.  Therefore the court would have needed to know what kind of stipend each prince was to receive—a stipend based on their rank.  These ranks, as with later numbered ranks, appear to have been given in ascending order, like medals in a tournament:  first rank, second rank, third rank, etc. with fifth rank being the lowest of the Princely ranks. Many of these Princes also held formal positions in the government.  We saw this in Naka no Oe's reign with Prince Kurikuma taking the Viceroy-ship of Tsukushi, but during Ohoama's reign we see it even more. Beneath the Princes were the various Ministers and Public Functionaries—the Officers of the court, from the lowest page to the highest minister.  They were members of the elite noble families, for the most part, or else they claimed descent from the elite families of the continent.  Either way they were part of what we would no doubt call the Nobility.  Their cap-rank system, mentioned earlier, was separate from that used by the Princes. And, then at the bottom, supporting this structure, were the common people.  Like the princes, they did not necessarily have a surname, and they didn't really figure into the formal rank system.  They certainly weren't considered members of the titled class, and often don't even show up in the record.  And yet we should not forget that they were no doubt the most numerous and diverse group for the majority of Japanese history.  Our sources, however, have a much more narrow focus. There is one more class of people to mention here, and that is the evolving priestly class.  Those who took Buddhist orders and became Buddhist monks were technically placed outside of the social system, though that did not entirely negate their connections to the outside world.  We see, for example, how Ohoama, even in taking orders, still had servants and others to wait on him.  However, they were at least theoretically outside of the social hierarchy, and could achieve standing within the Buddhist community through their studies of Buddhist scripture.  They had their own hierarchy, which was tied in to the State through particular Buddhist officers appointed by the government, but otherwise the various temples seem to have been largely in charge of their own affairs. But anyway, let's get back to the Chronicles. Following closely on the heels of Satek Syomyeong's passing, two days later, we have another entry, this one much more neutral.  We are told that Tamna, aka the kingdom on Jeju island off the southern tip of the Korean peninsula, sent Princes Kumaye, Tora, Uma, and others with tribute. So now we are getting back into the diplomatic swing of things.  There had been one previous embassy—that of Gim Apsil of Silla, who had arrived just towards the end of the Jinshin War, but they were merely entertained in Tsukushi and sent back, probably because Ohoama's court were still cleaning house. Tamna, Silla, and Goguryeo—usually accompanied by Silla escorts—would be the main visitors to Yamato for a time.  At this point, Silla was busy trying to get the Tang forces to leave the peninsula.  This was partly assisted by the various uprisings in the captured territories of Goguryeo and Baekje—primarily up in Goguryeo.  There were various attempts to restore the kingdom.  It isn't clear, but I suspect that the Goguryeo envoys we do eventually see were operating largely as a vassal state under Silla. Tamna, on the other hand, seems to have been outside of the conflict, from what we see in the records, and it likely was out of the way of the majority of any fighting.  They also seem to have had a different relationship with Yamato, based on some of the interactions. It is very curious to me that the names of the people from Tamna seem like they could come from Yamato.  Perhaps that is related in some way to theories that Tamna was one of the last hold-outs of continental proto-Japonic language prior to the ancestor of modern Korean gaining ascendancy.  Or it could just be an accident of how things got copied down in Sinitic characters and then translated back out. The Tamna mission arrived on the 8th day of the 6th intercalary month of 673.  A Silla embassy arrived 7 days later, but rather than tribute, their mission was twofold—two ambassadors to offer congratulations to Ohoama and two to offer condolences on the late sovereign—though whether that means Naka no Oe or Ohotomo is not exactly clear.  All of these arrived and would have been hosted, initially, in Tsukushi, probably at modern Fukuoka.  The Silla envoys were accompanied by Escorts, who were briefly entertained and offered presents by the Dazaifu, the Yamato government extension on Kyushu, and then sent home.  From then on, the envoys would be at the mercy of Yamato and their ships. About a month and a half later, on the 20th day of the 8th month, Goguryeo envoys also showed up with tribute, accompanied by Silla escorts.  Five days later, word arrived back from the court in Asuka.  The Silla envoys who had come to offer congratulations to the sovereign on his ascension were to be sent onwards.  Those who had just come with tribute, however, could leave it with the viceroy in Tsukushi.    They specifically made this point to the Tamna envoys, whom they then suggested should head back soon, as the weather was about to turn, and they wouldn't want to be stuck there when the monsoon season came. The Tamna cohort weren't just kicked out, however.  The court did grant them and their king cap-rank.  The envoys were given Upper Dai-otsu, which Yamato equated to the rank of a minister in Tamna. The Silla envoys—about 27 in total—made their way to Naniwa.  It took them a month, and they arrived in Naniwa on the 28th day of the 9th month.  Their arrival was met with entertainments—musical performances and presents that were given to the envoys.  This was all part of the standard diplomatic song and dance—quite literally, in this case. We aren't given details on everything.  Presumably the envoys offered their congratulations, which likely included some presents from Silla, as well as a congratulatory message.  We aren't given exact details, but a little more than a month later, on the first day of the 11th month, envoy Gim Seungwon took his leave. Meanwhile, the Goguryeo envoys, who, like Tamna, had arrived merely with tribute, were still in Tsukushi.  On the 21st day of the 11th month, just over two months after they arrived, we are told that they were entertained at the Ohogohori in Tsukushi and were given presents based on their rank. The Ohogohori, or “Big District”, appears to mirror a similar area in Naniwa that was likewise known for hosting diplomatic envoys. With the diplomatic niceties over, there was one more thing to do in this first year of the new reign: the thanksgiving ritual always held at the beginning of a new reign, the Daijosai, or oho-namematsuri.  This is a harvest ritual where the newly enthroned sovereign offers new rice to the kami and then eats some himself.  At least in the modern version, he gives thanks and prays to Amaterasu Ohomikami, as well as to the amatsu-kami and kunitsu-kami, the kami of heaven and earth. The Daijosai shares a lot in common with another important annual festival, the Niinamesai, or the Feast of First Fruits.  This is the traditional harvest festival, usually held in November.  The Daijosai follows much the same form as the Niinamesai, and as such, in years where there is a new sovereign, and thus the Daijosai is held, the Niinamesai is not, since it would be duplicative. Many of the rituals of the Daijosai are private affairs and not open to the public. There are various theories about what happens, but only those who are part of the ritual know for sure, and they are sworn to secrecy. The first instance of the Daijosai in the Chronicles is during the reign of Shiraga Takehiko Kunioshi Waka Yamato Neko, aka Seinei Tennou, in the 5th century, but we should take that with a huge grain of salt.  Remember, one of the purposes behind the chronicles was to explain how everything came to be, and saying “we just made it up” wasn't really going to fly. I've seen some sources suggest that the Daijosai can be attributed to the first reign of Ohoama's mother, Takara Hime, aka Kougyoku Tennou.  The term used in her reign, though is Niiname, which seems to refer to the annual Niinamesai, though she is the first in the Chronicles that seems to celebrate it in the first year of her reign, sharing with the Crown Prince and Ministers. It is likely that the ritual is much older in origin.  After all, giving the first fruits of the harvest to the kami to thank them for their assistance seems like the core of harvest festivals around the world.  We see it mentioned as the Niinamesai in much of the rest of the Nihon Shoki, even back to the Age of the Gods, when it played an important part in the stories of Amaterasu and Susanowo.  It is in Ohoama's reign, though, that it seems to first take on its character as a true ritual of the state.  We see that the Nakatomi and the Imbe were involved.  Together these two families oversaw much of the court ritual having to do with kami worship.  We also know that the officials of the Jingikan, the Ministry of Kami Affairs, were also present, as they were all given presents for attending on the sovereign during the festival.  We also see that the district governors of Harima and Tamba, which were both in the area of modern Hyougo Prefecture, as well as various laborers under them, were all recognized with presents as well.  We can assume that this was because they provided the rice and other offerings used in the festival.  In addition to the presents they received, the two governors were each given an extra grade of cap-rank. Another Daijosai would be carried out in the first year of Ohoama's successor, and from there on it seems to have become one of if not *the* major festival of a reign.  It marks, in many ways, the end of the first year of ceremonies for the first year of a reign.  And even in other years, the Niinamesai is often one of the pre-eminent festivals. The Daijosai may have been the climax of the year in many ways, but the year was not quite done yet.  We have two more entries, and both are related to Buddhism.  First, on the 17th day of the 12th month, just twelve days after the Daijosai, Prince Mino and Ki no Omi no Katamaro were appointed Commissioners for the erection of the Great Temple of Takechi—aka the Ohomiya no Ohodera, also known as the Daikandaiji. The Daikandaiji was a massive temple complex.  It is thought that it was originally a relocation of Kudara Ohodera, and we have remains at the foot of Kaguyama—Mt. Kagu, in the Asuka region of modern Kashihara city.  Many of the ruins, however, seem to date to a slightly later period, suggesting that the main temple buildings were rebuilt after Ohoama's reign.  Still, it is quite likely that he had people start the initial work. In setting up the temple, of course it needed a head priest.  And so Ohoama called upon a priest named Fukurin and made him an offer he couldn't refuse… literally.  Fukurin tried to object to being posted as the head priest.  He said that he was too old to be in charge of the temple.  Ohoama wasn't having any of it.  He had made up his mind, and Fukurin was in no position to refuse him. A quick note on the two commissioners here.  First off, I would note that Prince Mino here isn't mentioned as having Princely rank.  Instead, he is mentioned with the ministerial rank of Shoushi.  Ki no Katamaro, on the other hand, is Lower Shoukin, several grades below.  Once again, a bit of confusion in the ranks, as it were. The final entry for the year 673 occurred 10 days after the erection of the great temple, and it was a fairly straightforward entry:  The Buddhist Priest, Gijou, was made Shou-soudzu, or Junior Soudzu.  Junior Soudzu was one of the government appointed positions of priests charged with overseeing the activities of the priests and temples and holding them to account as necessary.  Originally there was the Soujou and the Soudzu, but they were later broken up into several different positions, likely due to the proliferation of Buddhism throughout the archipelago. There doesn't seem to be much on Gijou before this point, but we know that he would go on to live a pretty full life, passing away over thirty years later, in 706 CE. He would outlive Ohoama and his successor.  And with that, we come to the end of the first year.  I am not planning to go year by year through this entire reign—in fact, we have already touched on a lot of the various recurring entries.  But I do think that it is worth it to see how the Chronicles treat this first year for a reign that would have been considered pretty momentous to the people of the time. Next episode we'll continue going through the reign of Ohoama, aka Temmu Tennou.  There is a lot going on, which, as I've said, will influence the nation for centuries—even up until the modern day. Until then, if you like what we are doing, please tell your friends and feel free to rate us wherever you listen to podcasts.  If you feel the need to do more, and want to help us keep this going, we have information about how you can donate on Patreon or through our KoFi site, ko-fi.com/sengokudaimyo, or find the links over at our main website,  SengokuDaimyo.com/Podcast, where we will have some more discussion on topics from this episode. Also, feel free to reach out to our Sengoku Daimyo Facebook page.  You can also email us at the.sengoku.daimyo@gmail.com.  Thank you, also, to Ellen for their work editing the podcast. And that's all for now.  Thank you again, and I'll see you next episode on Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  

What is your perspective on motherhood?  How does it change depending on where in the world you are? What would new mothers in Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America have in common vs what would be unique to them? These are some of the talking points in Abigail Leonard's latest book, "Four Mothers" which highlights 4 different women's first year of motherhood.  On the heels of both Mother & Father's Day, it's a great opportunity to discuss what a parent-child relationship looks like from day one. Enjoy! About Abigail Leonard Abigail Leonard is an award-winning international reporter and news producer, previously based in Tokyo, where she was a frequent contributor to NPR, Time Magazine, and New York Times video. Her stories have also appeared in The Washington Post, Newsweek, and Vox. Before moving to Japan, she wrote and produced long-form news documentaries as a staff producer for PBS, ABC and Al Jazeera America. Stories she reported have earned a National Headliner Award, an Award for Excellence in Health Care Journalism Award, an Overseas Press Club Award and a James Beard Foundation Media Award Nomination. She was a 2011 East-West Center Japan Fellow and 2010 UN Foundation Journalism Fellow. She served as First Vice President of the Foreign Correspondents Club of Japan, a 2000-member national press organization, and also chaired its scholarship program.  About 'Four Mothers' In the tradition of Lisa Taddeo's Three Women and Robert Kolker's Hidden Valley Road, Abigail Leonard's immersive, page-turning narrative follows four women from around the world as they embark on the transformative first year of motherhood. Tsukasa in Japan grapples with memories of a difficult childhood as she tries to chart a new, healthier path for her own daughter while balancing onerous cultural expectations. Chelsea in Kenya endures a devastating loss just before she gives birth and finds that without the traditional support of previous generations, motherhood can be grueling – but it can also provide emotional healing. Anna in Finland navigates a complicated relationship with her child's father, but the country's robust family policies allow her to still pursue the kind of parenthood that she envisioned. Sarah in the US leaves the religious community that raised her in order to create a less traditional family of her own, only to find she's largely confronting motherhood alone.   Utterly moving and propulsively readable from page one, Leonard interweaves these stories with a critically researched exploration of how parental support programs evolved in each country—and why some provide more help than others. As nations around the world debate programs like paid leave, universal daycare, reproductive healthcare, and family tax incentives, Four Mothers offers a uniquely intimate, moving portrait of what those policies mean for parents on the ground—and considers what modern families really want.   Make sure to check out the Dtalkspodcast.com website! Thanks to Empire Toys for this episode of the podcast! Nostalgia is something everyone loves and Empire Toys in Keller Texas is on nostalgia overload.   With toys and action figures from the 70's, 80's, 90's, and today, Empire Toys is a one-stop-shop for a trip down memory lane and a chance to reclaim what was once yours (but likely sold at a garage sale)   Check out Empire Toys on Facebook, Instagram, or at TheEmpireToys.com AND Thanks to Self Unbound for this episode of the podcast: Your quality of life: physically, emotionally, mentally, and spiritually, is a direct reflection of the level of abundant energy, ease, and connection your nervous system has to experience your life!    At Self Unbound, your nervous system takes center stage as we help unbind your limited healing potential through NetworkSpinal Care.    Access the first steps to your Unbound journey by following us on Facebook, Instagram, or at www.selfunbound.com  

Last time we spoke about the fall of Shuri. In the unforgiving terrain of Okinawa during May 1945, American Marines confronted fierce resistance from entrenched Japanese forces. Amidst heavy rain and dwindling supplies, General Buckner's 10th Army battled uphill toward Shuri, a critical stronghold. With communication crumbling and morale wavering, the Americans pressed on, launching daring patrols. The situation reached a turning point when intelligence revealed the Japanese withdrawal plans. Buckner ordered continuous pressure, leading to the capture of significant strategic points like Shuri Castle, which was relentlessly bombarded prior to the Marine assault. On May 29, as the last remnants of Japanese forces fled south, American soldiers swept through Shuri, which lay in utter ruin, a testament to the devastating power of the campaign.  This episode is the Liberation of Mindanao Welcome to the Pacific War Podcast Week by Week, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about world war two? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on world war two and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel you can find a few videos all the way from the Opium Wars of the 1800's until the end of the Pacific War in 1945.  Last week we covered the fall of Shuri and today we continue the brutal brawl for Okinawa and the liberation of Mindanao. As we last saw, the Japanese retreat from the Shuri line opened the path for General Buckner's 10th Army to move southward, with only General Fujioka's 62nd Division and a few minor rearguards standing in their way. On June 3, General Arnold's 7th Division continued its offensive to the south. Colonel Pachler's 17th Regiment successfully secured the area of Itokazu. Meanwhile, Colonel Green's 184th Regiment pushed toward the coast to completely cut off the Chinen Peninsula. Colonel Finn's 32nd Regiment was diverted into the rugged hills nearby to clean up any remaining resistance. To the west, despite persistent bad weather and challenging supply conditions, General Bradley's 96th Division also achieved success. Colonel May's 383rd Regiment secured the locations of Kamizato and Tera against relatively light resistance. At the same time, Colonel Halloran's 381st Regiment advanced to seize the entire Inasomi area. Looking northwest, General Del Valle's 1st Marine Division encountered stronger opposition. The bulk of the 5th Marines managed to push only as far as Tsukasa before being pinned down. In a strategic move, Colonel Griebel's 2nd Battalion executed a wide swing through May's rear area to capture the Gisushi region. Colonel Snedeker's 7th Marines made steady progress through the Kokuba Valley, facing small enemy blocking forces, in order to extend the line held by the 5th Marines. Meanwhile, at sea, Admiral Ugaki launched his 9th mass Kikisui attack. This operation, featuring just 50 kamikaze aircraft, faced heavy obstacles due to Typhoon Viper but still managed to damage 2 vessels. In another development, after successfully occupying Torishima Island on May 12, Colonel Clarence Wallace's 8th Marines landed on Iheyajima without encountering any opposition. In addition, preparations for the shore-to-shore assault of General Shepherd's 6th Marine Division were completed. Colonel Shapley's 4th Marines were set to land on the Nishikoku beaches before securing the Oroku Peninsula and its airfield. Consequently, during the early hours of June 4, Shepherd's Reconnaissance Company successfully assaulted Ono-Yama Island, while Shapley's assault battalions began the shore-to-shore movement to Nishikoku under the cover of artillery and naval bombardment. Despite some mechanical failures on the LVTs, the Marines successfully landed at 06:00 under sporadic machine-gun fire and then pushed onto the high ground 300 yards inland against minor resistance. After securing the initial foothold, the attack slowed against increasing resistance on the left flank. Because of this, the reserve 3rd Battalion was landed at 08:45 and subsequently advanced to the edge of the airdrome.  During the day development of the enemy's defense had revealed an inordinate number of automatic weapons, ranging in various calibers up to 40mm. Subsequently, it was disclosed that the Japanese had stripped the armament from the air defenses and damaged aircraft in the area and integrated these weapons into the ground fortifications to stiffen materially the resistance on Oroku. Besides meeting with the most extensive mine fields yet encountered during the campaign, on this day the 6th Division had its first contact with an awesome weapon: an 8-inch rocket that exploded with terrific concussion. However, there was little fragmentation and accuracy was poor. While the noise the huge projectiles made, tumbling through the air end over end, sounded "like a locomotive from hell" to the troops, the rockets were mainly a source of annoyance and caused few casualties. Rockets continued to fall in the rear areas during the night, snipers and infiltrators were active, and the entire front came under intermittent heavy mortar fire. This landing allowed Shepherd to bring in Colonel Whaling's 29th Marines by midday, which then secured the Kikibana area of Naha Bay, while the 4th Marines captured one-third of Naha's airfield. To the east, the Americans encountered less resistance than before, as the 62nd Division and other minor rearguards completed their withdrawal from the intermediate lines south of Shuri to a reserve area south of the new Kiyamu Peninsula lines. Recognizing this change, Buckner shifted the corps boundary to the west, assigning General Geiger's 3rd Amphibious Corps the task of isolating the Oroku Peninsula and occupying the Itoman-Kunishi sector, while General Hodge's 24th Corps advanced toward the Yaeju Dake-Yuza Dake escarpment.  As a result, the 7th Marines were able to move south to seize Takanyuta and isolate Admiral Ota's forces on the Oroku Peninsula. The atrocious weather had converted the already muddy roads to impassable morasses. Transport was hopelessly mired north of the Kokuba Gawa. South of the river the "trails were only negotiable by foot troops, vehicles could not have been used" even if it had been possible to bring them across the inlet. The 5th Marines managed to secure the Hill 107 area without opposition before being relieved by Colonel Mason's 1st Marines. However, the 1st Marines were unable to continue their push south toward Shindawaku Ridge due to a flooded stream. Meanwhile, Mason's 3rd Battalion attempted a wide envelopment through the 96th Division zone but was quickly halted in front of Tera. Food was scarce, but through the wholehearted cooperation of the 96th Division the Marines procured two meals of K rations per man. It was the considered opinion of at least one member of 3/1 that "this day probably was the most miserable spent on Okinawa by men of this battalion." To compound these problems and discomforts, the 3d Battalion also found itself without a supply route or communications with the regiment 11,000 yards to the rear. Further east, the 383rd Regiment advanced rapidly, engaging isolated but strong enemy delaying groups as they secured the outskirts of Iwa. Matching this progress, the 381st Regiment advanced all the way to the hills north of Aragusuku, facing steadily increasing resistance. Additionally, while the 17th Regiment established positions controlling the Minatoga-Meka road, the 184th Regiment advanced against patchy and ineffective resistance until the Minatoga area was secured. The following morning, Admiral McCain's Task Force 38 launched strikes on Okinawa and Kyushu. Unfortunately, poor situational awareness from Admiral Halsey caused the 3rd Fleet to inadvertently enter Typhoon Viper. This storm inflicted varying degrees of damage to four carriers, two escort carriers, three cruisers, one destroyer, and one tanker, while also destroying 76 planes. Additionally, kamikaze attacks succeeded in damaging the battleship Mississippi and heavy cruiser Louisville. Back on Okinawa, Shepherd's attack on the Oroku Peninsula commenced and progressed slowly but steadily against uniformly stubborn resistance. The 4th Marines secured most of the airfield and the Toma high ground, while the 29th Marines fought laboriously to advance toward Mura and Oroku, gaining up to 1,000 yards. To the east, the 7th Marines advanced to positions just north of Hanja, while the 1st Marines bypassed the inundated area in front of them by swinging east and following their 3rd Battalion toward Iwa. In fact, Mason's 3rd Battalion launched another attack aimed at Shindawaku Ridge, advancing over 3,000 yards to the area west of Iwa. Despite muddy conditions and rainy weather, Hodge's infantrymen continued to penetrate the enemy outpost zone, developing the edges of the main Japanese battle position. The outpost line of Kiyamu Peninsula was fully manned on June 4. Japanese Army headquarters estimated that the strength of its now concentrated forces totaled 30000, distributed as follows: 24th Division and attached units, 12000; 62nd Division and attached units, 7000; 44th IMB and attached units, 3000; 5th Artillery Command and attached units, 3000; and units directly under 32nd Army command, 5000. The difference in total strength between the 50000-man estimate late in May and the 30000 left in Kiyamu Peninsula was attributed to "attrition during retirement operations." Only about 20% of the remaining troops were survivors of the original crack infantry-artillery units; the rest were untrained rear echelon personnel or Boeitai. Most senior commanders at battalion level and above were still alive, however, and capable of bolstering the fighting spirit of their motley collection of men. But the 32nd Army had suffered grievous losses in weapons and equipment since L-Day. Hand grenades and explosives were almost entirely expended. 4 out of every 5 machine guns had been destroyed, and the supply of heavy infantry cannon and mortars had been reduced to the vanishing point. Despite the fact that 2 150mm guns, 16 150mm howitzers, and 10 AAA guns had been successfully withdrawn to the Kiyamu battle position, artillery ammunition levels were insufficient for more than 10 days of sustained firing. General Ushijima's 32nd Army was in desperate straits, its destruction merely a question of time, but the tradition, discipline, and indoctrination of Japanese military forces promised only a violent, last-ditch, man-to-man struggle before the battle for Okinawa was ended. By June 6, the 7th Division reached the outskirts of Gushichan, and the 96th Division advanced toward Shindawaku and Tomui. To the west, the 1st Marines finally captured Shindawaku and cleared the bypassed area behind them. Meanwhile, the 7th Marines attacked toward Hill 108, advancing 1,000 yards before encountering stiff resistance and ultimately dug in around Dakiton. Additionally, Colonel Roberts' 22nd Marines arrived to contain the Oroku Peninsula in the Hill 103 sector. Although the 29th Marines and Shapley's 1st Battalion made little progress in the Oroku-Mura area due to strong enemy resistance. Meanwhile the terrain confronting the 3rd Battalion there "consisted of a series of small temple-like hills, each of which had been converted into a fortress . . . from which mutually supporting automatic weapons could cover adjacent positions and deny the open ground between the hills." These gun positions were well dug-in and impervious to artillery fire. Because the narrow roads in the area had been made impassable by mines and shell cratering, tank support was not forthcoming, and a day of bitter fighting netted 3/29 a gain of a scant 150 yards. The remainder of the 4th Marines attacked Naha Airfield where counter fire from tanks, artillery, and support craft was immediately laid down. An urgent call for an air strike on the island was answered in less than half an hour, and "as rack after rack of bombs fell on the Nip positions, the troops stood up and cheered." The artillery piece was soon silenced, but 20mm fire was received spasmodically. Nevertheless, 3/4 pressed forward with its open flank covered by continued air strikes on Senaga Shima and completed the capture of Naha airfield before noon, whence they pushed south toward Gushi. At sea, kamikaze attacks crashed into and damaged two destroyer minesweepers, while also causing further damage to escort carrier Natoma Bay and destroyer Anthony on June 7. That day, Shepherd's Marines faced stiff resistance all along the front. The 4th Marines reduced Little Sugar Loaf where stiff resistance and bitter fighting characterized the action in the center and on the left of the 4th Marines' area. However, the attack forged ahead against machine-gun fire coming "from everywhere," while "countless caves were methodically cleaned out and sealed by the old process of direct fire, flame, and demolitions."Meanwhile the 29th Marines entered Oroku, and the 22nd Marines captured Hill 103 and the area south of Tamigusuki.  To the southeast, the 7th Marines overran Hanja and Hill 108, ultimately digging in just north of Zawa and linking up with the 1st Marines, which also advanced up to 1,200 yards as they secured Hill 75 and pushed toward Yuza. Further east, the primary offensive efforts of the 7th and 96th Divisions on June 7 and 8 were focused on probing enemy defenses and advancing assault battalions to more favorable positions for an attack. Additionally, by the afternoon of June 8, the 32nd Regiment successfully relieved the exhausted 184th in the Gushichan area. On that same day, the 1st Marines pressed forward to the high ground overlooking the Mukue River, while the 7th Marines moved through Zawa and began probing enemy positions in Itoman, encountering stiffened resistance. The first LVT's, supported by LVTa's, arrived at the newly-uncovered beaches at noon on 8 June, and shortly thereafter General Hodge sent General del Valle "congratulations for cutting the island in two." Meanwhile, on Oroku, the 29th Marines made little progress as they stalled at a key ridgeline on the left. The 4th Marines committed all three of their battalions to the attack, successfully securing the areas of Hill 39 and Gushi Ridge. The 22nd Marines continued to pivot on their right, seizing Hill 55 and making good progress along the front toward Chiwa and Tomigusuki. On June 9, although the 22nd Marines managed to secure Hill 55 and push to Hill 28, little advancement was achieved to the north. Concurrently, the 4th Marines were able to slowly push to the outskirts of Chiwa and Uibaru, with patrols clearing out Chiwa and Whaling's 3rd Battalion extending the front to the north. The action in the zone of the 4th Marines on 9 June remained unchanged from that of preceding days: “The advance was still slow and tedious against bitter resistance. Every Jap seemed to be armed with a machine gun, and there was still the same light and heavy mortar fire. Casualties continued to mount and the number of Japs killed soared over the maximum of 1500 which were supposed to be defending and there were still plenty left.” In the meantime, to the south, Del Valle sent strong patrols across the Mukue, which began to encounter significant enemy resistance. Consequently, the 7th Marines were unable to push toward Tera and Itoman. Further east, Hodge finally launched a corps attack to the south. The 96th Division focused its efforts on softening the enemy positions on the escarpment in front of them, while the 7th Division carried out the offensive. The 32nd Regiment attempted to attack the eastern end of Hill 95 but was unsuccessful; however, they managed to locate and identify the most troublesome sources of enemy fire for destruction. On a more positive note, the 17th Regiment gained a precarious foothold on the southern end of Yaeju Dake, just north of Nakaza, where they would withstand several Japanese counterattacks throughout the night. The first and greatest obstacle confronting Wallace's attack was the open ground over which both assault companies had to move. Wallace used all available support and the men camouflaged themselves with grass and rice plants, but enemy fire began almost as soon as the leading platoons moved into the open. The infantrymen crawled through the slimy rice paddies on their stomachs. Within an hour Company I was strung from the line of departure to the base of the objective which two squads had reached. About this time the Japanese opened fire with another machine gun, separating the advance squads with a band of fire. This left one squad to continue the attack; the remainder of the company was unable to move, cut off by fire or strung across the rice paddies. Those men in the squad still free to operate lifted and pulled each other to the edge of the cliff and crawled quietly forward through the high grass on top. Pfc. Ignac A. Zeleski, a BAR man, moved so stealthily that he almost touched the heels of one Japanese. Zeleski killed him, and the other men killed eight more Japanese within the first ten minutes. Another squad reached the top of the escarpment about an hour later but was caught in cross and grazing fire from three machine guns, and the entire 8-man squad was killed. Gradually, however, a few more men reached the top, and by evening there were twenty men from Company I holding a small area at the escarpment rim. Company K had a similar experience. Accurate enemy fire killed one man, wounded two others, and halted the company when it was from 200 to 300 yards from its objective. For forty-five minutes the attack dragged on until S/Sgt. Lester L. Johnson and eight men maneuvered forward through enemy fire, gained the high ground, and concentrated their fire on the enemy machine gun that was firing on the remainder of the company. This did not silence the gun but did prevent the gunner from aiming well, and Johnson waved for the rest of the company to follow. By 1330 of 9 June Company K was consolidated on the southeastern tip of the Yaeju-Dake. That evening, three small but determined counterattacks, with sustained grenade fire between each attempt, hit the small force from Company I, which held off the attackers with a light machine gun and automatic rifles. Additionally, Wallace's 1st Battalion successfully landed unopposed on Aguni Island to establish air warning and fighter director installations.  However, it's now time to leave Okinawa and shift our focus to the Philippines to cover the continuation of General Eichelberger's Mindanao Campaign. As we last saw, by May 3, General Sibert's 10th Corps had successfully invaded the island and secured the key Kabacan road junction. General Woodruff's 24th Division occupied Digos and Davao, while General Martin's 31st Division advanced up the Sayre Highway toward Kibawe. Thanks to the arrival of the 162nd Regiment from Zamboanga, the 31st Division was now able to send another regiment, the 155th, to assist in the push north against General Morozumi's 30th Division. In response to the rapid advance of the 31st Division as far as Kibawe, Morozumi was assembling his units at Malaybalay in preparation for a retreat eastward to the Agusan Valley. He dispatched the 3rd Battalion of the 74th Regiment to the south to delay the Americans in the vicinity of Maramag, at least until May 10. Meanwhile, after capturing Davao, Woodruff's goal was to mop up the sector and destroy General Harada's 100th Division in the mountainous interior. The 100th Division located the southern anchor of its defenses at Catigan, 13 miles southwest of Davao, and the northern anchor in hills some twelve miles north of Davao. The Davao River, flowing generally south-southeast into Davao Gulf at Davao, divided the defensive forces into two groupments. The Right Sector Unit, west of the river, was composed of 5 infantry battalions, 3 regular and 2 provisional. The territory east of the river was the responsibility of the Left Sector Unit--2 regular infantry battalions, 2 provisional battalions, and the Air Force's Hosono Unit of ill-armed service personnel. The Right and Left Sector Units had a little artillery attached, for General Harada kept under his direct control most of the artillery as well as many engineer and service units. As a reserve Harada had about a battalion of regular infantry. The central and strongest portion of Harada's defenses rested its right on rising ground overlooking Libby Airdrome, two miles northwest of Talomo on the coast. From this point the central defenses, along which Harada initially deployed three battalions, extended eastward across the Talomo River and some rough hills to the west bank of the Davao River. The focal point of the central defenses was Mintal, four miles up Route 1-D from Talomo. Anticipating ultimate withdrawal into the mountains via Route 1-D, the southeastern section of the so-called Kibawe-Talomo trail, Harada had prepared defenses in depth along the highway and along ancillary roads paralleling it. Much of the region west of the Davao River from Talomo northwest twelve miles to Calinan was covered with overgrown abaca, or hemp, plantations. Resembling banana plants, and growing to a height of about 20 feet, the abaca plants had originally been planted in rows 10 feet apart, with 10 feet between plants. With harvesting slack during the war, the plantations had become thick with shoots, and older plants had grown to a foot or so in diameter. Plants of various sizes were, in April 1945, scarcely a foot apart. Visibility was virtually nil, and the heat at the hemp plantations was like that of an oven. With the 162nd Regiment taking control of Digos and the area stretching from Illana Bay's shores inland to Kabacan, Woodruff was now free to utilize his entire division to engage the enemy forces in the Davao area. At the start of May, the 21st Regiment had already launched an attack to clear Libby Airdrome, Route 1-D between Mintal and Talomo, and Mintal itself. They successfully reached Mintal by May 3, effectively forcing Harada to reinforce his defenses near the Talomo River. Although the airdrome was cleared two days later, subsequent efforts up Route 1-D toward Mintal were repelled by fiercely defending Japanese forces. Due to this resistance, elements of the 34th Regiment attempted to drive north along the high ground on the east bank of the Talomo River to bypass the Japanese defenses on Route 1-D. On May 8, the 21st Regiment finally crossed to the east side at Mintal; however, in the face of Japanese artillery, mortar, and machine-gun fire, they had to withdraw back to the west bank two days later. At the same time, the 19th Regiment was expanding its hold in the Davao area, striking into the high ground controlling the coast road immediately west of the Davao River on May 10. They also cleared scattered Japanese strongpoints on hills just north of Davao and on Samal Island. Two days later, the 21st Regiment again attacked northward along the east bank of the Talomo, successfully clearing out numerous positions from which the Japanese had directed fire on Route 1-D. By May 14, the highway all the way north to Mintal was finally secured. In the meantime, the 124th Regiment started north from Kibawe on May 6. However, the recently arrived Japanese defenders at Maramag managed to delay the occupation of this town until May 12, thus accomplishing their task more than adequately. Despite this success, Eichelberger had shrewdly sensed that Morozumi would attempt to make a last stand in the hills northwest of Davao. Therefore, he decided to land the 108th Regiment behind enemy lines in the Macajalar Bay area to expedite the conquest of Mindanao and open a new supply route to the 31st Division. Accordingly, on May 10, the 108th Regiment landed unopposed along the southeastern shore of Macajalar Bay, making contact almost immediately with guerrilla units operating in the region. This regiment then drove down the Sayre Highway to meet the 31st Division advancing from the south, encountering no significant resistance until May 13, when it faced strong Japanese defenses near Dalirig. With its rear protected by the recently landed 3rd Battalion of the 164th Regiment, the 108th proceeded to attack the enemy positions with great intensity, finally forcing the Japanese to retreat to the area east of Malaybalay by May 16. Concurrently, on May 13, the 155th Regiment passed through the 124th Regiment to continue the drive northward, meeting little opposition but facing supply problems. By May 20, the Americans finally reached the outskirts of Malaybalay, where fire from remnants of the 30th Field Artillery Regiment halted their advance. Realizing that the regiment could not haul its weapons into the mountains east of Malaybalay, Morozumi had left the unit at Malaybalay to fight a rear-guard action, which was successful in keeping the 155th Infantry out of the town until late on 21 May. On 22 and 23 May the 155th continued up Sayre Highway, encountering elements of Morozumi's Northern Sector Unit that had not learned that American troops had reached Malaybalay and were still withdrawing southward to join the 30th Division's main body. Pressed by troops of the 108th Infantry, 40th Division, which had already landed at Macajalar Bay, the retreating forces gave the 155th Infantry little trouble and, about 1400 on 23 May, the 155th made contact with the 108th Infantry near Impalutao, twelve miles northwest of Malaybalay. Its share in the task of clearing Sayre Highway cost the 31st Division approximately 90 men killed and 250 wounded, while the 108th Infantry, 40th Division, lost roughly 15 men killed and 100 wounded. Together, the two units killed almost 1,000 Japanese during their operations along the highway, and captured nearly 25 more. Nevertheless, the 30th Division had managed to escape east this time to establish new positions near Silae. Back in Davao, on May 15, Woodruff directed the 21st and 34th Regiments to attack abreast to the north and northwest, targeting the Japanese center. Meanwhile, the 19th Regiment advanced north to clear the northeastern shores of Davao Gulf, link up with the guerrilla forces north of the gulf, and ultimately swing westward against the 100th Division's left flank forces. Surprised by the lack of enemy attacks against his flanks, Harada concluded that the American forces intended to neglect his flanks in favor of a frontal assault on his center. As a result, he weakened the defenses of the Left Sector Unit to reinforce the Mintal line, leaving only Admiral Doi's air-naval troops to defend his left flank. On May 17, Woodruff renewed his offensive. The 19th Regiment struck north to establish contact with the guerrilla 107th Division, while the 34th Regiment began clearing the coastal hills between the Talomo and Davao Rivers and attacked northwest toward Tugbok. The 21st Regiment also drove north toward Tugbok in the face of determined opposition. Progress in the following days was slow due to intense artillery, machine-gun, rocket, mortar, and rifle fire. However, by May 27, the 21st Regiment seized the Tugbok area, with the 34th Regiment arriving the next day to relieve them. As Harada's strongest defenses had been breached, he ordered a general withdrawal to a hastily established second line crossing Route 1-D in the vicinity of Ula. Furthermore, the 19th Regiment managed to establish contact with the guerrillas by May 24 as it secured Route 1 north of Davao. On May 29, the 19th Regiment struck westward toward Doi's Mandog defenses, closing in two days later to engage the naval troops in fierce combat. Concurrently, on May 30, the 34th Regiment attacked toward Ula, which fell easily the following day, though progress then slowed in the face of fanatic resistance. Reinforced by the recently arrived 3rd Battalion of the 163rd Regiment on June 4, the 34th began to make headway beyond Ula on the secondary road, gaining one mile by June 6 before swinging east toward Mandog. The next day, having overrun Doi's outer defenses, the 19th Regiment advanced steadily into the main positions near Mandog, which ultimately fell by June 9, just as the 34th was reaching the area. Continuing northward, the 34th was almost three miles north of Ula along both roads and found few signs of organized Japanese resistance by June 11. However, the 19th Regiment would not clear the hills north of Mandog until June 15. In the meantime, the 21st Regiment struck north from Lamogan on May 31 along secondary roads west of Route 1-D, ultimately seizing Wangan on June 16 and forcing Harada's battered forces to commence a full retreat northward in disarray. After the fall of Culanan three days later, Harada finally decided to retreat to a new line near the Bannos River. Yet Woodruff's troops continued to pursue them, rapidly crossing the Tamogan River and inflicting heavy casualties on the retreating enemy until they reached the mountain barrio of Kibangay on June 26, where the pursuit was finally halted. Looking back to the north, with Sayre Highway cleared, the 124th Regiment began probing into the mountains to the east in late May, encountering heavy resistance, rough terrain, bad weather, and supply problems. Nevertheless, by June 5, Morozumi abandoned his plan to hold the Silae area for a month and slowly began moving his best troops eastward toward Waloe in the Agusan River valley, harassed by Filipino guerrillas along the way. In the end, Silae was finally occupied on June 9, with troops of the 108th Regiment pushing further to the Bobonawan River four days later. Additionally, the 155th Regiment arrived on the Pulangi River on June 12, while elements of the 162nd Regiment struck twenty miles into the mountains east from Maramag by June 26. On June 25, the 1st Battalion of the 155th Regiment successfully landed on Butuan Bay and managed to reach Waloe before the Japanese on June 27, dispersing the 3rd Battalion of the 41st Regiment that was holding the area. However, the Japanese retreat was so slow that Morozumi was still assembling his forces about seven miles up the Agusan from Waloe by the end of the war.  Far to the northwest, units of the 31st Division had been probing southeast along the upper section of the Kibawe-Talomo trail ever since early May, and on the 11th of that month a battalion combat team of the 167th Infantry launched the reconnaissance-in-force directed by General Sibert.  Japanese along this section of the trail, about 1,000 men in all, comprised a conglomerate mass of service troops with a small leavening of infantry. Control was vested in General Tomochika, chief of staff of the 35th Army, who had set up a small headquarters groupment near barrio Pinamola, about twenty miles southeast of Kibawe. The Japanese force had a defensive potential far greater than its strength and nature would indicate, for the terrain gave the Japanese every conceivable advantage. Bounded on both sides by dense jungle and thick rain forest, the trail as far as Pinamola ran up and down steep ridges and was scarcely jeep-wide. Rains of late May soon rendered all sections of the trail completely impassable to wheeled vehicles, and supplies had to come in by airdrop, supplemented when possible by hand-carrying parties and laden Carabaos. The mud was so deep that often troops had to pull, push, or even jack the Carabaos out of gooey holes. Delayed by the Japanese, the terrain, and the weather, the 167th Infantry's battalion did not reach the Pulangi River, thirteen miles southeast of Kibawe, until 29 May.  Then, although the Japanese from the trail could no longer offer any threat to the 31st Division, the battalion continued south toward Pinamola, aided considerably by guerrillas. The remnants of the 1st Battalion, 74th Infantry, and the South Sector Unit, 30th Division, which had been driven into the mountains along Highway 3 by the swift American advance in central Mindanao had meanwhile been attached to Tomochika's forces early in June. Troops of the 167th Infantry finally reached Pinamola on 30 June as the remaining Japanese were withdrawing southward another eight miles to the crossing of the Kuluman River. Progress as far as Pinamola had cost the 167th Infantry approximately 60 men killed and 180 wounded, while the Japanese had lost almost 400 killed along the same section of the trail. Elements of the 167th Infantry held along the northwestern section of the Kibawe-Talomo trail until the end of the war, and as of 15 August the regiment was preparing to send troops across the Kuluman River to continue the advance southeastward. On that date nearly 30 miles of Japanese-improved trail, only 19 air miles--still separated the 167th Infantry from guerrilla units operating in the vicinity of Kibangay. Organized remnants of Harada's 100th Division holed up until the end of the war in rugged terrain north of this 30-mile stretch of the trail. Finally, the 24th Reconnaissance Troop successfully landed on the southeastern shore of Sarangani Bay on July 4 to establish contact with the guerrilla 116th Regiment, subsequently clearing the bay's shores against negligible resistance. On July 12, the 1st Battalion of the 21st Regiment landed on the northwest shore, just as two provisional battalions were arriving in the area from different directions. The three forces began to clear the area, successfully locating and destroying the only Japanese unit in the region by July 25. This concluded the campaign in Mindanao, during which the Americans suffered 820 men killed and 2,880 wounded. In turn, almost 10,540 Japanese were killed in eastern Mindanao by June 30, with the pursuing Filipino-American units killing another 2,325 Japanese by the war's end. Roughly 600 Japanese prisoners were captured, over 250 of whom were civilians, before August. After the war, about 22,250 Japanese troops and 11,900 civilians turned themselves in. It is also estimated that an additional 8,235 Japanese lost their lives due to starvation and disease between April and the war's end. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. In the spring of 1945, the fierce battle for Okinawa escalated as General Buckner's troops captured crucial strongholds, pushing the Japanese forces into retreat. Meanwhile the liberation of Mindanao was kicking up. American forces launched a rapid invasion, confronting Japanese defenders who were heavily fortified in the mountainous regions. Despite the stubborn resistance, American troops relentlessly battled, ultimately culminating in significant victories and paving the way for liberation.

On this episode of Manga Tak, Mat is joined by Alex (aka snesdrunk) to talk about the wonderful Frieren: Beyond Journey's End by Kanehito Yamada and Tsukasa AbeAs the title suggest, the manga is the story of Frieren, the titular Elven mage, who at the beginning of the story has defeated the Demon King with her fellow adventures and brought peace to the land. But Frieren, being an elf, will long outlive the rest of her former party. Decades after their victory, at the funeral of one of her party members, Frieren is forced to confront her near immortality and sets off to fulfil the last wishes of her old comrades and start a new adventure.Join us as we chat about why it's the best 16-bit RPG never made, the wonders of stories like this and how it's a warm cup of tea in manga form!For the avid newsletter readers amongst you, find and support Alex's substack here!Thanks to Juliano Zucareli for our theme music!Find us on:X: Manga Tak PodBluesky: Manga Tak PodInstagram: Manga Tak Pod

It's the last episode of 2023, and our 100th episode!  But despite that, we keep on moving through the period, hitting a bunch of smaller stories from the Nihon Shoki about this period. We talk about Zentoku no Omi, the temple commissioner of Hokoji, as well as the trouble they went through to get the Asukadera Daibutsu in place to begin with.  We have the first instance of the Dazai--as in the Dazaifu of Kyushu--as well as the first instance of the holiday that would eventually become Children's Day, Kodomo no Hi.  There are various immigrants, bringing painting, handmills, and even a new kind of musical dance theater known as gigaku.  And that's just some of what we'll cover. For more, check out our website at https://sengokudaimyo.com/podcast/episode-100 Rough Transcript   Welcome to Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  My name is Joshua, and this is episode 100: Sacred Tetris and Other Tidbits First off:  woohoo!  One hundred episodes!  Thank you to everyone who has been listening and following along on this journey so far.  When I started this I had no idea how long I would be able to keep up with it, but I appreciate everyone who has encouraged me along the way.  This all started in September of 2019, and we are now four years in and we have a ways to go.  While I'm thanking people, I'd also like to give a big thank you to my wife, Ellen, who has been helping me behind the scenes.  She's the one who typically helps read through what I'm going to say and helps edit out a lot of things, and provides reminders of things that I sometimes forget.  She really helps to keep me on track, and I always appreciate the time she puts into helping to edit the scripts and the questions she asks. Now, we are still talking about the 6th and early 7th centuries during the reign of Kashikiya Hime, aka Suiko Tenno.  We've talked about a lot of different aspects of this period—about the conflicts over Nimna on the peninsula, about the rise of the Sui dynasty on the continent, and the importation of various continental goods, including animals, immigrants, and knowledge.  That knowledge included new ideas about governance as well as religious practices such as Buddhism—and possibly other religious practices as well, as many of the stories that we saw in the Age of the Gods may have analogs on the continent and may just as easily have been coming over with the current crop of immigrants, though it is hard to say for certain.  At the heart of these changes are three individuals.  Obviously there is Kashikiya Hime, on the throne through a rather intricate and bloody series of events.  Then there is Soga no Umako, her maternal uncle, who has been helping to keep the Soga family on top.  And of course, the subject of our last couple episodes, Prince Umayado, aka Shotoku Taishi.  He, of course, is credited with the very founding of the Japanese state through the 17 article constitution and the promulgation of Buddhism. This episode, I'd like to tackle some of the little things.  Some of the stories that maybe didn't make it into other episodes up to this point.  For this, we'll mostly look at it in a chronological fashion, more or less. As you may recall, Kashikiya Hime came to the throne in about 593, ruling in the palace of Toyoura.  This was around the time that the pagoda was erected at Houkouji temple—and about the time that we are told that Shitennouji temple was erected as well.  Kashikiya Home made Umayado the Crown Prince, despite having a son of her own, as we'd mentioned previously, and then, in 594, she told Umayado and Umako to start to promulgate Buddhism, kicking off a temple building craze that would sweep the nation—or at least the areas ruled by the elites of Yamato. By 596, Houkouji was finished and, in a detail I don't think we touched on when talking about Asukadera back in episode 97, they appointed as commissioner one Zentoku no Omi—or possibly Zentoko, in one reading I found.  This is a curious name, since “Zentoku” comes across as a decidedly Buddhist name, and they really liked to use the character “Zen”, it feels like, at this time.  In fact, it is the same name that the nun, the daughter of Ohotomo no Sadehiko no Muraji, took, though the narrative is very clear about gender in both instances, despite them having the exact same Buddhist names.  This name isn't exactly unique, however, and it is also the name recorded for the Silla ruler, Queen Seondeok, whose name uses the same two characters, so it is possible that at this time it was a popular name—or perhaps people just weren't in the mood to get too creative, yet. However, what is particularly interesting to me, is that the name “Zentoku” is then followed by the kabane of “Omi”.  As you may recall from Episode XX, a kabane is a level of rank, but associated with an entire family or lineage group rather than an individual.  So while there are times where we have seen “personal name” + “kabane” in the past, there is usually a surname somewhere in there.  In this case, we aren't told the surname, but we know it because we are given the name of Zentoku's father: we are told that he was the son of none other than the “Oho-omi”, the Great Omi, aka Soga no Umako.  So, in summary, one of Soga no Umako's sons took the tonsure and became a monk. I bring this little tidbit up because there is something that seems very odd to me and, at the same time, very aristocratic, about taking vows, retiring from the world, and yet still being known by your family's title of rank. Often monks are depicted as outside of the civil rank and status system—though there were certainly ranks and titles within the priesthood.  I wonder if it read as strange to the 8th century readers, looking back on this period.  It certainly seems to illustrate quite clearly how Buddhism at this point was a tool of the elite families, and not a grass-roots movements among the common people. This also further strengthens the idea that Houkouji was the temple of the Soga—and specifically Soga no Umako.  Sure, as a Soga descendant, Prince Umayado may have had some hand in it, but in the end it was the head of the Soga family who was running the show, and so he appoints one of his own sons as the chief commissioner of the temple.  They aren't even trying to hide the connection.  In fact, having one of his sons “retire” and start making merit through Buddhist practice was probably a great PR move, overall. We don't hear much more from Zentoku after this point, and we really know very little about him.  We do know something about the Soga family, and we know that Soga no Umako has at least one other son.  While we've yet to see him in the narrative—children in the Nihon Shoki are often meant to be neither seen nor heard, it would seem—Umako's other son is known to us as Soga no Emishi.  Based on when we believe Soga no Emishi was born, however, he would have been a child, still, when all this was happening, and so Zentoku may have actually been his father's eldest son, taking the reins at Houkouji temple, likely setting him up to claim a role of spiritual leadership in the new religion of Buddhism.  Compare this to what we see later, and also in other places, such as Europe, where it is often the second son that is sent into religious life, while the eldest son—the heir—is kept at hand to succeed the father in case anything happens.  On the other hand, I am unsure if the monks of this time had any sort of celibacy that was expected of them, and I suspect that even as the temple commissioner, the tera no Tsukasa, Zentoku was keeping his hand in.  After all, the Soga family head appears to have been staying near the temple as well, so it isn't like they were packing him off to the high mountains. Moving on, in 601 we are told that Kashikiya Hime was in a temporary palace at a place called Miminashi, when heavy rains came and flooded the palace site.  This seems to be referring to flooding of Toyoura palace, which was, we believe, next to the Asuka river.  I wonder, then, if that wasn't the impetus for, two years later, in 603, moving the palace to Woharida, and leaving the old palace buildings to become a nunnery.  That Woharida palace is not thought to have been very far away—traditionally just a little ways north or possibly across the river. In 604, with the court operating out of the new Woharida palace, we see the institution of more continental style traditions.  It includes the idea of bowing when you entered or left the palace grounds—going so far as to get on your hands and knees for the bow.  Even today, it is customary to bow when entering a room—particularly a traditional room like in a dojo or similar—and it is also customary to bow when passing through a torii gate, entering into a sacred space.  Of course, that is often just a standing bow from the waist, and not a full bow from a seated position. In 605, with more continental culture being imported, we see it affecting fashion.  In fact, in this year we are told that Prince Umayado commanded all the ministers to wear the “hirami”.  The kanji simply translates to “pleats”, but in clothing terms this refers to a pleated skirt or apron.  We see examples of this in courtly clothing going back to at least the Han dynasty, if not earlier, typically tied high above the waist and falling all the way down so that only the tips of the shoes are poking out from underneath.  We have a bit more on this in the historical clothing section of the Sengoku Daimyo website, sengokudaimyo.com.   I wonder if these wrapped skirts aren't some of what we see in the embroidered Tenjukoku mandala of Chuuguuji.  Court women would continue to wear some kind of pleated skirt-like garment, which would become the mo, though for men they would largely abandon the fashion, except for some very specific ritual outfits.  That said, there is still an outfit used for some imperial ceremonies.  It is red, with many continental and what some might consider Taoist symbols, such as dragons, the sun and moon, etc..  That continuation of tradition gives us some idea of what this was and what it may have looked like back in the day.  It is also very neat that we are starting to get specific pieces of potentially identifiable clothing information, even if it is only for the court nobles. The year following that, 606, we get the giant Buddha image being installed at Houkouji, aka Asukadera.  Or at least, we think that is the one they are talking about, as we can't be one hundred percent certain.  However, it is traditionally thought to be one and the same.  The copper and gold image was commissioned a year prior, along with an embroidered image as well, but when they went to install it they ran into a slight problem:  The statue was too large to fit through the doors of the kondo, the golden image hall.  No doubt that caused some embarrassment—it is like ordering furniture that won't fit through the doorway, no matter how you and your friends try to maneuver it around.  They were thinking they would have to cut through the doors of the kondo to create more room, and then fix it afterwards.  Nobody really wanted to do that thought—whether because they thought it would damage the structural integrity of the building or they just didn't want to have to put up with an unsightly scar, it isn't clear.  Finally, before they took such extreme measures, they called on the original artist, Kuratsukuri no Tori.  He is said to be the son of the famous Shiba Tattou, and so his family was quite close with the Soga, and he seems to have had quite the eye for geometry as we are told that he, “by way of skill”, was able to get it through the doors and into the hall.  I don't know if that meant he had to some how turn it on its side and walk it through, or something else, but whatever it was, it worked.  Tori's mad Tetris skills worked, and they were able to install the giant Buddha in the hall without cutting through the doorways. For his efforts, Tori was rewarded, and he was raised up to the rank of Dainin, one of the 12 new ranks of the court.  He was also given 20 cho worth of “water fields”—likely meaning rice paddies.  With the income from those fields, we are told that he invested in a temple of his own:  Kongoji, later known as the nunnery of Sakata in Minabuchi. For all that Buddhism was on the rise, the worship of the kami was still going strong as well.  In 607 we are told that there was an edict that everyone should worship the kami of heaven and earth, and we are told that all of the noble families complied.  I would note that Aston wonders about this entry, as the phrasing looks like something you could have taken right out of continental records, but at the same time, it likely reflects reality to some extent.  It is hard to see the court just completely giving up on the traditional kami worship, which would continue to be an important part of court ritual.  In fact, it is still unclear just how the new religion of Buddhism was viewed, and how much people understood the Buddha to be anything more than just another type of kami. Later in that same year was the mission to the Sui court, which we discussed in Episode 96.  The year after, the mission returned to Yamato with Sui ambassadors, and then, in 609, those ambassadors returned to the Sui court.  These were the missions of that infamous letter, where the Yamato court addressed the Sui Emperor as an equal.  “From the child of heaven in the land where the sun rises to the child of heaven in the land where the sun sets.”  It is still one of my favorite little pieces of history, and I constantly wonder if Yamato didn't understand the difference in scale or if they just didn't care.  Either way, some really powerful vibes coming off that whole thing. That same year that the Sui ambassadors were going back to their court there was another engagement with foreigners.  In this case the official on the island of Tsukushi, aka Kyuushuu, reported to the Yamato court that 2 priests from Baekje, along with 10 other priests  and 75 laypersons had anchored in the harbor of Ashigita, in the land of Higo, which is to say the land of Hi that was farther from Yamato, on the western side of Kyuushuu.  Ashigita, you may recall, came up in Episode 89 in reference to the Baekje monk—and I use that term loosely—Nichira, aka Illa.  There, Nichira was said to descend from the lord of Ashigita, who was said to be Arisateung, a name which appears to be a Korean—possibly Baekje—title.  So now we have a Baekje ship harboring in a land that once was ruled by a family identified, at least in their names or titles, as having come from or at least having ties with Baekje.  This isn't entirely surprising, as it wouldn't have taken all that much effort for people to cross from one side to the other, and particularly during the period before there was a truly strong central government it is easy to see that there may have been lands in the archipelago that had ties to Baekje, just as we believe there were some lands on the peninsula that had ties to Yamato. One more note before get to the heart of the matter is the title of the person who reported all these Baekje goings-on.  Aston translates the title as the Viceroy of Tsukushi, and the kanji read “Dazai”, as in the “Dazaifu”, or government of the “Dazai”.  There is kana that translates the title as Oho-mikoto-Mochi—the Great August Thing Holder, per Aston, who takes this as a translation, rather than a strict transliteration.  This is the first time that this term, “Dazai” has popped up in the history, and it will appear more and more in the future.  We know that, at least later, the Dazaifu was the Yamato court's representative government in Kyuushuu.  The position wasn't new - it goes back to the various military governors sent there in previous reigns - but this is the first time that specific phrasing is used—and unfortunately we don't even know much about who it was referring to.  The position, however, would become an important part of the Yamato governing apparatus, as it provided an extension of the court's power over Kyuushuu, which could otherwise have easily fallen under the sway of others, much as Iwai tried to do when he tried to ally with Silla and take Tsukushi by force.  Given the importance of Kyuushuu as the entrypoint to the archipelago, it was in the Court's best interest to keep it under their control. Getting back to the ship with the Baekje priests on it:  the passengers claimed they were on their way to Wu, or Kure—presumably headed to the Yangzi river region.  Given the number of Buddhist monasteries in the hills around the Yangzi river, it is quite believable, though of course by this time the Wu dynasty was long gone.  What they had not prepared for was the new Sui dynasty, as they said there was a civil war of some kind going on, and so they couldn't land and were subsequently blown off course in a storm, eventually limping along to Ashigita harbor, where they presumably undertook rest and a chance to repair their vessels.  It is unclear to me exactly what civil war they were referring to, and it may have just been a local conflict.  There would be rebellions south of the Yangzi river a few years later, but no indication that it was this, just a bit out of context.  We know that the Sui dynasty suffered—it wouldn't last another decade before being dismantled and replaced by the Tang dynasty in about 618.  There were also ongoing conflicts with Goguryeo and even the area of modern Vietnam, which were draining the Sui's resources and could be related to all of these issues.  If so, though, it is hard to see an exact correlation to the “civil war” mentioned in the text. Given all this, two court nobles:  Naniwa no Kishi no Tokomaro and Fumibito no Tatsu were sent to Kyuushuu to see what had happened, and, once they learned the truth, help send the visitors on their way.  However, ten of the priests asked to stay in Yamato, and they were sent to be housed at the Soga family temple of Houkouji.  As you may recall, 10 monks was the necessary number to hold a proper ordination ceremony, funnily enough. In 610, another couple of monks showed up—this time from Goguryeo.  They were actually sent, we are told, as “tribute”.  We are told that one of them was well read—specifically that he knew the Five Classics—but also that he understood how to prepare various paints and pigments.  A lot of paint and pigments were based on available materials as well as what was known at the time, and so it is understandable, to me, why you might have that as a noted and remarkable skill.  We are also told that he made mills—likely a type of handmill.  These can be easily used for helping to crush and blend medicines, but I suspect it could just as easily be used to crush the various ingredients for different pigments.  A type of handmill, where you roll a wheel in a narrow channel, forward and back, is still in use today throughout Asia. In 611, on the 5th day of the 5th month, the court went out to gather herbs.  They assembled at the pond of Fujiwara—the pond of the wisteria field—and set out at sunrise.  We are told that their clothing matched their official cap colors, which was based on their rank, so that would seem to indicate that they were dressed in their court outfits.  In this case, though, they also had hair ornaments mad of gold, leopard's tails, or birds.  That leopard's tail, assuming the description is accurate, is particularly interesting, as it would have had to have come from the continent. This ritual gathering of herbs would be repeated on the 5th day of the 5th month of both 612 and 614.  If that date seems familiar, you might be thinking of the modern holiday of Tango no Sekku, aka Kodomo no Hi.  That is to say:  Boy's Day or the more gender neutral “Children's Day”.  It is part of a series of celebrations in Japan known today as “Golden Week”, when there are so many holidays crammed together that people get roughly a week off of work, meaning that a lot of travel tends to happen in that period.  While the idea of “Boy's Day” probably doesn't come about until the Kamakura period, Tango no Sekku has long been one of the five seasonal festivals of the court, the Gosekku.  These included New Year's day; the third day of the third month, later to become the Doll Festival, or Girl's Day; the seventh day of the seventh month, during Tanabata; and the 9th day of the 9th month.  As you can see, that is 1/1, 3/3, 5/5, 7/7, and 9/9.  Interestingly, they skipped over 11/11, possibly because that was in the winter time, based on the old calendar, and people were just trying to stay warm. Early traditions of Tango no Sekku include women gathering irises to protect the home.  That could connect to the practice, here, of “picking herbs” by the court, and indeed, many people connect the origins of Tango no Sekku back to this reign specifically because of these references, though there is very little said about what they were doing, other than picking herbs in their fancy outfits. We are given a few more glimpses into the lives of the court in a few other entries.  In 612, for instance, we have a banquet thrown for the high functionaries.  This may have been a semi-regular occasion, but this particular incident was memorable for a couple of poems that were bandied back and forth between Soga no Umako and Kashikiya Hime.  He toasted her, and she responded with a toast to the sons of Soga. Later that year, they held a more somber event, as Kitashi Hime was re-interred.  She was the sister to Soga no Umako, consort of Nunakura Futodamashiki no Ohokimi, aka Kimmei Tenno, and mother to both Tachibana no Toyohi, aka Youmei Tennou, and Kashikiya Hime, Suiko Tennou.  She was re-buried with her husband at his tomb in Hinokuma.  During this period, various nobles made speeches.  Kicking the event off was Abe no Uchi no Omi no Tori, who made offerings to her spirit, including around 15,000 utensils and garments.  Then the royal princes spoke, each according to rank, but we aren't given just what they said.  After that, Nakatomi no Miyatokoro no Muraji no Womaro gave the eulogy of the Oho-omi, presumably speaking on Umako's behalf, though it isn't exactly clear why, though Umako was certainly getting on in years.  Then, Sakahibe no Omi no Marise delivered the written eulogies of the other families. And here we get an interesting glimpse into court life as we see a report that both Nakatomi no Womaro and Sakahibe no Marise apparently delivered their speeches with great aplomb, and the people listening were quite appreciative.  However, they did not look quite so fondly on the speechifying of Abe no Tori, and they said that he was less than skillful.  And consider that—if you find public speaking to be something you dread, imagine if your entire reputation hung on ensuring that every word was executed properly.  A single misstep or a bad day and suddenly you are recorded in the national history as having been just the worst.  In fact, his political career seems to have tanked, as we don't hear much more about him after that. 612 also saw more immigrants bringing more art and culture.  The first was a man from Baekje.  He did not look well—he had white circles under his eyes, we are told, possibly indicating ringworm or some other infection.  It was so bad that the people on the ship with him were thinking about putting him off on an island to fend for himself.  He protested that his looks were not contagious, and no different that the white patches of color you might see on horses or cattle.  Moreover, he had a talent for painting figures and mountains.  He drew figures of the legendary Mt. Sumeru, and of the Bridge of Wu, during the period of the Southern Courts, and the people were so taken by it that they forestalled tossing him overboard.  He was eventually known as Michiko no Takumi, though more colloquially he was known as Shikomaro, which basically was a nickname calling him ugly, because judging people based on appearance was still totally a thing. The other notable immigrant that year was also a man of Baekje, known to us as Mimachi, or perhaps Mimashi or Mimaji.  He claimed to know the music and dancing of the Wu court—or at least some continental dynasty.  He settled in Sakurawi and took on students who were basically forced to learn from him.  As if a piano teacher appeared and all the children went to learn, but now it isn't just your parents and their high expectations, but the very state telling you to do it.  So… no pressure, I'm sure.  Eventually, Manu no Obito no Deshi—whose name literally means “student” or “disciple”—and Imaki no Ayabito no Seibun learned the teachings and passed them down to others.  This would appear to be the masked dances known as Gigaku. If you know about early Japanese music and dance you may have heard of Gagaku, Bugaku, and Noh theater.  Gagaku is the courtly music, with roots in apparently indigenous Japanese music as well as various continental sources, from the Korean peninsula all the way down to Southeast Asia.  Indeed, the musical records we have in Japan are often the only remaining records of what some of the continental music of this time might have sounded like, even though the playing style and flourishes have changed over the centuries, and many scholars have used the repertoire of the Japanese court to help work backwards to try and recreate some of the continental music. The dances that you often see with Gagaku musical accompaniment are known as Bugaku, and most of that was codified in the latter years of the Heian era—about the 12th century.  Then there is the famous masked theater known as Noh, which has its origins in a variety of traditions, going back to at least the 8th century and really brought together around the 14th century.  All of these traditions, however, are preceded by Gigaku, this form of masked dance that came over in the 7th century, and claims its roots in the area of “Wu” rather than “Tang”, implying that it goes back to traditions of the southern courts of the Yangzi river region. Gigaku spread along with the rest of continental culture, along with the spread of Buddhism and other such ideas.  From what we can tell, it was a dominant form of music and dance for the court, and many of the masks that were used are preserved in temple storehouses such as the famous Shosoin at the Todaiji in Nara.  However, as the centuries rolled by, Gigaku was eventually replaced at court by Bugaku style dances, though it continued to be practiced up through at least the 14th century.  Unfortunately, I know of no Gigaku dances that survived into the modern day, and we are left with the elaborate masks, some illustrations of dancers, and a few descriptions of what it was like, but that seems to be it. From what we can tell, Gigaku—also known as Kure-gaku, or Kure-no-utamai, meaning Music or Music and Dances of Wu—is first noted back in the reign of Nunakura Futodamashiki, aka Kimmei Tennou, but it wasn't until the reign of Kashikiya Hime that we actually see someone coming over and clearly imparting knowledge of the dances and music—Mimashi, mentioned above.  We then see the dances mentioned at various temples, including Houryuuji, Toudaiji, and others.  Of course, as with many such things, Shotoku Taishi is given credit for spreading Gigaku through the Buddhist temples, and the two do seem to have gone hand in hand. We know a little bit about the dances from the masks and various writings.  The masks are not random, and a collection of Gigaku masks will have generally the same set of characters.  These characters appear to have been organized in a traditional order.  A performance would start with a parade and a sutra reading—which I wonder if that was original or if it was added as they grew more connected to the Buddhist temple establishment.  And then there was a lion dance, where a young cub would pacify an adult lion.  Lion dances, in various forms, continue to be found throughout East Asia. Then the characters come into play and there are various stories about, for example, the Duke of Wu, and people from the “Hu” Western Regions—that is to say the non-Han people in the Western part of what is now China and central Eurasia.  Some of these performances appear to be serious, while others may have been humorous interludes, like when a demon assaults the character Rikishi using a man's genitals while calling for the “Woman of Wu”.  That brings to mind the later tradition of ai-kyougen; similarly humorous or lighthearted episodes acted out during Noh plays to help break up the dramatic tension. Many of aspects of Gigaku would go on to influence the later styles of court music and dance.  Bugaku is thought to have some of its origins in masked Gigaku dancers performing to the various styles of what became known as Gagaku music.  There are also examples of some of the characters making their way into other theatrical traditions, such as Sarugaku and, eventually, Noh and even folk theater.  These hints have been used to help artists reconstruct what Gigagku might have been like. One of the key aspects of Gigaku is that for all they were telling stories, other than things like the recitation of the sutras, the action of the story appears to have been told strictly through pantomime in the dances.  This was accompanied by the musicians, who played a variety of instruments during the performance that would provide the musical queues for the dancers-slash-actors.  There was no dialogue, however, but the names of the various characters appear to have been well known, and based on the specifics of the masks one could tell who was who and what was going on. This is similar to how, in the west, there were often stock characters in things like the English Mummers plays or the Comedia dell'arte of the Italian city-states, though in Gigaku those characters would not speak at all, and their story would be conveyed simply through pantomime, music, and masks. There have been attempts to reconstruct Gigaku.  Notably there was an attempt in the 1980s, in coordination with a celebration of the anniversary of Todaiji, in Nara, and it appears that Tenri University may continue that tradition.  There was also another revival by famed Kyougen actor Nomura Mannojo, uncle to another famous Kyougen actor turned movie star, Nomura Mansai.  Mannojo called his style “Shingigaku”, which seems to be translated as either “True Gigaku” or “New Gigagku”, and he took that on tour to various countries.  You can find an example of his performance from the Silk Road Theater at the Smithsonian Folklife Festival in Washington, DC back in 2002, as well as elsewhere.  It does appear that he's changed things up just a little bit, however, based on his layout of the dances, but it is an interesting interpretation, nonetheless. We may never truly know what Gigaku looked and sounded like, but it certainly had an impact on theatrical and musical traditions of Japan, and for that alone it perhaps deserves to be mentioned. And I think we'll stop right there, for now.  There is more to get through, so we'll certainly have a part two as we continue to look at events of this rein.  There are stories of gods and omens.  There is contact with an island off the southern coast of Kyuushuu.  There are more trips to the Sui court.  Much of that is coming.  Until then, I'd like to thank you once again.  I can hardly believe we reached one hundred episodes!  And it comes just as we are about to close out the year. As usual, I'll plan for a recap episode over New Year's, and then I'll plan to get back into everything the episode after that, but this closes out the year. I hope everyone has a wonderful new year, however you celebrate and, as always, thank you for listening and for all of your support.  If you like what we are doing, tell your friends and feel free to rate us wherever you listen to podcasts.  If you feel the need to do more, and want to help us keep this going, we have information about how you can donate on Patreon or through our KoFi site, ko-fi.com/sengokudaimyo, or find the links over at our main website, SengokuDaimyo.com/Podcast, where we will have some more discussion on topics from this episode. Also, feel free to Tweet at us at @SengokuPodcast, or reach out to our Sengoku Daimyo Facebook page.  You can also email us at the.sengoku.daimyo@gmail.com.  And that's all for now.  Thank you again, and I'll see you next episode on Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  

To donate to my PayPal (thank you): https://paypal.me/danieru22?country.x=US&locale.x=en_US VIDEO NOTES Sorry for my audio. I tried new headphones for the first time and neglected to test the audio beforehand. In this episode, I speak with Tsukasa Ikegami, MD, on psychotherapy for people with schizophrenia and understanding the healing process through a Jungian perspective. I hope you enjoy. Books The Thesis We Mentioned: Countertransference in Zen Buddhism and Mirror Symbolism LINKS Website: https://psyche.clinic/english/ // Spotify // https://open.spotify.com/show/2kCibUZuxB6A5b9a5Fc33G?si=f5e73d2ee0e348c8 // Apple Podcast // https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/daniel-t-bourne/id1576127599 Note: Information contained in this video is for educational purposes only and is not intended as a substitute for treatment or consultation with a mental health professional or business consultant.

Josh, Matt, & Jerry from Batyard Productions discuss The Prestige (2006) & Dr.Stone "Let There Be the Light of Science". Subscribe/rate/review our show on iTunes, Anchor, Spotify and more! Follow us on Instagram @batyardsfinestpod. Find our hosts on Instagram as well! Josh, Mateo, & Jerry: @batyardproductions, @batyardsfinestpod. Follow us & Subscribe to the Batyard Productions YouTube Channel.  Dr.stone S1 EP9 Let there be the light of science - During their ramen patronage, the gang are approached by Gen Asagiri, a magician from Senku's time, who had been sent by Tsukasa to confirm Senku's death, but decides to give a false report instead. Using the successfully completed iron, Senku takes advantage of a sudden thunderstorm to turn it into powerful magnets. Using these, the gang build a power generator which they manage to convince Kinro and Ginro to operate, leading to the reinvention of the lightbulb The Prestige - Period thriller set in Edwardian London where two rival magicians, partners until the tragic death of an assistant during a show, feud bitterly after one of them performs the ultimate magic trick - teleportation. His rival tries desperately to uncover the secret of his routine, experimenting with dangerous new science as his quest takes him to the brink of insanity and jeopardises the lives of everyone around the pair. #batyardsfinest #theprestige #drstone #science #anime #animeshows #podcast #livestream #livestreaming #videocast #sciencemovie #magic #funny #batman #superman #syfyanime #syfy #senkuishigami #senku #hyoga #kohaku

Et de vingt ! La première saison du 48/64 touche à sa fin. Et alors que la Japan Expo s'apprête à ouvrir ses portes, l'équipée vous propose de revenir sur la riche programmation qui animera le parc des expositions de Villepinte cette semaine : la venue du père de City Hunter, le prix Asie ACBD ainsi que l'actu des animés. Bonne écoute à toutes et tous ! TIMECODE : 15'12 - La Météo des bulles : Japan Expo 2023, tarifs, eau potable et mangas français 26'16 – La Chronique de l'épicurieux bédévore : Tsukasa Hōjō et City Hunter (éd. Panini manga) 47'36 – Le Multibulles : l'actu des animés avec Demon Slayer saison 3, Hell's Paradise, Dead Mount Death Play et Oshi no Ko 1'07'44 – La chronique de l'exploratrice des abysses dessinés : le prix Asie de l'ACBD et Les Enfants du rêve chinois de Luxi (éd. Sarbacane) Une émission de Thomas Figuères et Manon Dias Santos. Ingénieur du son : Léo Jacquet. Avec la participation de Louis Groult et Sacha Puaux. Le 48/64 est une production La Cab studio. Logo © Corto Malaise (@corto_malaise).

Having already gotten to the end of the decade while playing Kiss Marry Kill, it was time for a change. Welcome to Top Ten, where Bart and Jenna each choose three movies – one they think they'll love, one they know they love, and one wildcard choice – in hopes of adding to their top ten ranking of the year in question. So… not terribly dissimilar to Kiss Marry Kill. In this episode, Bart and Jenna play Top Ten with the year 1960, focusing on foreign films they know and/or expect to love. From the most arthouse of arthouse choices, to some deeply cynical satires, all of their selections are worth your time – even if they didn't all make it into the final rankings.The following films are discussed:• Late Autumn (1960) 秋日和 Directed by Yasujirô Ozu Starring Setsuko Hara, Yôko Tsukasa, Mariko Okada• The Naked Isalnd (1960) 裸の島 Directed by Kaneto Shindô Starring Nobuko Otowa, Taiji Tonoyama, Shinji Tanaka• Purple Noon (1960) Plein soleil Directed by René Clément Starring Alain Delon, Maurice Ronet, Marie Laforêt• The Good Girls (1960) Les bonnes femmes Directed by Claude Chabrol Starring Bernadette Lafont, Clotilde Joano, Stéphane Audran• The Wheelchair (1960) El cochecito Directed by Marco Ferreri Starring José Isbert, Pedro Porcel, José Luis López Vázquez• The White Dove (1960) Holubice Directed by Frantisek Vlácil Starring Katerina Irmanovová, Karel Smyczek, Vjaceslav Irmanov

First things first, congratulations to Tsukasa Fujimoto giving birth of her child. Waka Tsukiyama said in a recent Stardom press conference where Nanae Takahashi revealed KAIRI has her tag partner at New Blood premium. What happened in the matches for the Wonder of Stardom Championship match and World of Stardom Championship match and their post match. Finally AEW Revolution. ENJOY

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.10.20.513010v1?rss=1 Authors: Li, K., Tsukasa, Y., Kurio, M., Maeta, K., Tsumadori, A., Baba, S., Nishimura, R., Murakami, A., Onodera, K., Morimoto, T., Uemura, T., Usui, T. Abstract: Appropriate modulation of escape behaviors in response to potentially damaging stimuli is essential for survival. Although nociceptive circuitry has been studied, it is poorly understood how genetic contexts affect the relevant escape responses. Using an unbiased genome-wide association analysis, we identified a Ly6/-neurotoxin family protein, Belly roll (Bero), which negatively regulates Drosophila nociceptive escape behavior. We show that Bero is expressed in abdominal leucokinin-producing neurons (ABLK neurons) and bero knockdown in ABLK neurons resulted in enhanced escape behavior. Furthermore, we demonstrated that ABLK neurons responded to the activation of nociceptors and initiated the behavior. Notably, bero knockdown reduced the persistent neuronal activity and increased the evoked nociceptive responses in ABLK neurons. Our findings reveal that Bero modulates an escape response by regulating distinct neuronal activities in ABLK neurons. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

DA BINGE BOIS ARE PARTICIPATING IN THE STONE WARS, as we return to discuss the second season of the anime Dr Stone as well as continuing the House of The Dragon and Rings of Power, HOWEVER this time we add in a spicy addition to our review series by talking about She-Hulk Attorney At Law's eighth episode which stars the legend Daredevil AKA Matt Murdock. While talking about House of Dragon we hate on the entire season as it's getting old and with no one to cheer for the enjoyability of the series drops every episode. In Rings of Power, our prediction for what would happen in this episode comes true as the penultimate episode serves as a breather to prepare for what should be an epic conflict in the finale of the first season. With the not-so-surprise return of our great friend Matt Murdock, we talk about his depiction in this series versus the Netflix one, how She Hulk is actually a decent character surrounded by a messy plot and show and how the Hallway scene did not live up to the other scenes from Daredevil due to the non one cut nature of it. To wrap up our great evening of Television talk, we enter our discussion of Dr Stone season 2, The Stone Wars! In it we discuss how it lines up versus the first season, the adventures of Senku and friends and how Senku and Gen are the devils team, Senku and Tsukasa being the world's strongest tag team, and the revival of Ryusui in the bonus episode that bridges the second and upcoming third season. Next week, we return to talk about Fight Club , the legendary movie we aren't qualified to talk about, alongside the conclusion of Rings of Power, continuation of House of The Dragon, AND the beginning of our newest hit review of Chainsaw Man, the newest anime series to sweep the streets! Timestamps: House of The Dragon: (00:01:00) Rings of Power: (00:10:05) She-Hulk: (00:16:00) Dr. Stone: (00:32:00) As always thanks for watching, hit us up on social media for a shoutout! Instagram: @DaBingeBois Twitter: @BingeBois TikTok: @DaBingeBois Shoutout BNH for Chill Clap that opens the show every week

Little Talks is my, hopefully, weekly series where we talk about anything and everything For this week, it's the insane ramblings of a man who's watched Dr. Stone a little too much and is butchering the works of other people, speaking of butchering, yeah, I said Tsubasa in the audio, it's Tsukasa, I caught it, not gonna edit it, it is what it is, also more butchering, How about that Resident Evil series on Netflix? Good lord Oh, today's music comes from the interwebs, specifically, it was made by Karl Casey @ White Bat Audio, he's got a tremendous youtube channel, check them out, they are kind enough to provide all of us with free background music, so long as we credit them, we will be adding a link to our podcast description as well That's Karl Casey @ White Bat Audio

今回は@Tacbonald, Tsukasa とアマチュア格闘家の生活、コロナ禍の格闘家、格闘技のすすめ、RIZIN、THE MATCH 2022などについて話しました。 Show notes 番組への感想/意見/質問はこちらまで→Message お便りをいただいた方には番組オリジナルステッカーをプレゼントさせていただきます。

Welcome to the start of our Multimedia Retrospective on City Hunter! Throughout the rest of this month of May we'll be looking at various iterations of the girl chasing private detective, Ryo Saeba! For this first episode we will be examining the original manga and the various spinoffs by Tsukasa Hojo! And  stay tuned after the episode for a bonus spoiler discussion on The Batman!!! Send us emails! mangamachinations@gmail.com  Follow us on Twitter! @mangamacpodcast Check out our website! https://mangamachinations.com Check out our YouTube channel! https://www.youtube.com/mangamactv Buy us a Kofi! https://ko-fi.com/mangamac Timestamps: 00:00:00 - Intro Song: “Crime Scene'” by DoGBeaT, Opening, Introductions, Darfox is busy from being too handsome 00:03:55 - Listener Mail: Our favorite “Haha” podcast moments 00:10:12 - Whatchu Been Reading: Transition Song: “Funkymania” by The Original Orchestra, Morgana wants listeners to check out Lost Lad London and Let's Go Karaoke! 00:13:28 - *SPOILERS* Darfox read Oshi no Ko and enjoyed it 00:24:37 - dakazu thinks Koyoharu Gotouge could comfortably retire from the weekly manga grind 00:26:08 - Black Clover continues to be an inconsistent mess of animation quality for dakazu 00:27:37 - dakazu's wife was bothered by some occasional mispronounced Italian in Ristorante Paradiso 00:31:56 - Next Episode Preview and Rundown: Manga in Motion on City Hunter, we will review the 1993 Chinese action comedy film adaptation directed by Wong Jing and starring Jackie Chan 00:33:36 - Main Segment Saikyo Selections: City Hunter, Transition Song: “Sunset Ride” by HVRDVR, we examine the beginning of City Hunter by Tsukasa Hojo for review and we discuss the various adjacent manga series of Cat's Eye and Angel Heart 01:32:01 - Next Week's Topic: City Hunter, Social Media Rundown, Sign Off Song: “Crazy for Your Love” by Orkas 01:33:40 - Bonus spoiler-talk about The Batman

The science is back ya'll.With special guest Alex, we return to the wonderful world of Dr. Stone for its second season "Stone Wars". Senkuu and the Kingdom of Science must find a way to stop Tsukasa's army once and for all as the two sides meet in a final war to determine which ideology will prevail for humanity.Find out what we thought about it on Episode 34 of The AIR We Weeb! Our GDPR privacy policy was updated on August 8, 2022. Visit acast.com/privacy for more information.

Joined by JPQ. Ice Ribbon is going through changes. On the cusp of the exodus at the end of 2011, Makoto is the first to leave the promotion. Tsukasa also defends the Icex60 title against possibly the next main event star of the promotion. Shows covered - Ice Ribbon Adventures in Wonderland 2011 8/21/11 Key matches include: Emi Sakura vs Makoto ICEx60 Title Match - Tsukasa Fujimoto (c) vs Hikari Minami You can find some of the key matches up on our Daily Motion page at Red Leaf Retrocast. Join the patreon For LLPW reviews, Joshi 2010s Journey (2 weeks early), and more. Website: https://redleafretrocast.blogspot.com https://linktr.ee/RedLeafRetrocast Twitter: @BowlingJD Big Egg Joshi podcast: https://anchor.fm/K-Master-of-None

Taylor and Kelly open the show diving deep into Tokyo Joshi's biggest show ever, Grand Princess 22!Then, they discuss the last two weeks in joshi, including Stardom's New Blood show, Tsukasa Fujimoto's upcoming leave of absence, and even some discussion about DDT!Finally, they look forward to the next two weeks of joshi shows, led by the two Stardom World Climax Sumo Hall shows, a big OZ Academy Korakuen Hall show, and some upcoming Ice Ribbon events!Please follow us on twitter: @jbombaudioYou can support this podcast at http://redcircle.com/jumping-bomb-audio/donationsAdvertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

Taylor and Kelly open the show diving deep into Tokyo Joshi's biggest show ever, Grand Princess 22!Then, they discuss the last two weeks in joshi, including Stardom's New Blood show, Tsukasa Fujimoto's upcoming leave of absence, and even some discussion about DDT!Finally, they look forward to the next two weeks of joshi shows, led by the two Stardom World Climax Sumo Hall shows, a big OZ Academy Korakuen Hall show, and some upcoming Ice Ribbon events!Please follow us on twitter: @jbombaudioYou can support this podcast at http://redcircle.com/jumping-bomb-audio/donationsSupport this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/jumping-bomb-audio/donationsAdvertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

今日のゲストは、日本で最も影響力のある経済評論家の一人である上念司さんです。司さんは、幼い頃から経済学に強い関心を持っていました。経済に対する情熱と、複雑なテーマを独自の切り口で分かりやすく解説することから、テレビやラジオの主要番組にレギュラー出演しています。本日のインタビューでは、司さんが英語を習得するまでの道のりについて語ってくださいます。幼い頃に父親から受けた影響、高校時代のアメリカ留学経験、英語習得の最大の難関、他人の目を気にしない方法など、さまざまなことについて触れています。英語学習や英語上達のために必要な姿勢について、司さんが新しい考え方をシェアしてくださいます。詳細　→ hapaeikaiwa.com/podcast376 【Hapa英会話 Podcast Plus】Podcast Plusは新しいHapa 英会話のサービスで、このポッドキャストをより効果的かつ効率的に学習できるプラットフォームです。 Podcast Plusには、エピソード全体の英語と日本語のスクリプト、英語のみの音声ファイル、個別再生用の音声ファイル、そしてフルバージョンのLive Conversationなどが含まれています。 初月無料でお試しいただけますので、ぜひご活用ください。 Podcast Plusの詳細については、Hapa 英会話のブログをご覧ください。詳細はこちら → hapaeikaiwa.com/?p=23116 【Hapa Buddies】仲間と一緒に実践で使える英語を身に付けよう！Hapa Buddiesは、英語学習に励んでいる皆さんが学んだ英語を使って楽しく交流できる会員制オンラインコミュニティです。実践で使える英語が学べるだけでなく、実際に学んだフレーズや表現を使って自分の言葉でアウトプット練習ができるプラットフォームで、初月無料でお試しいただけます。Buddies(仲間)と一緒にあなたも話せる英語を身に付けませんか？ hapaeikaiwa.com/buddies/

吉祥寺でヴィンテージShop VOLOを営んでるTsukasaさんがゲストです。ちょっと変わった遍歴や、アメリカ買付けの裏話などをお聞きしました。古着屋さんの裏側を覗いてみて下さい♪

Support us on PATREON for the monthly Q&A Show, a weekly Post Show, an ad free experience and more! ►► https://www.patreon.com/naninoanime Thank you Advanced for sponsoring today's video! Use code "naninoanime" to save 10% on Advanced Focus or Energy the drink we drink daily and help support the podcast! ►► https://advanced.gg/?ref=naninoanime In this episode of the Nani no Anime Podcast RuffSenpai & SeeOhKnee get together and talk and rank over 100 Anime Husbandos in a Tier List! Check out the Nani no Anime YouTube Channel ► https://www.youtube.com/naninoanime Check out SeeOhKnee on YouTube Channel ► https://www.youtube.com/seeohknee Check out RuffSenpai on YouTube Channel ► https://www.youtube.com/RuffSenpai Timestamps 00:00 - Intro 05:45 - Anos 09:30 - Tatsuya 12:45 - Light Yagami 14:20 - L 16:00 - Sir Zech Lucifer 17:50 - Voli 21:50 - Ainz 26:25 - Itachi 30:55 - Sasuke 33:40 - Kakashi 34:35 - Ichigo 35:30 - Kiske Urhaha 38:30 - Grim Jow 39:45 - Zoro 42:40 - Luffy 46:05 - ACE 48:20 - Killua 49:50 - Kurapika 53:15 - Hitsoka 55:25 - Leoreo 57:05 - Levi 59:05 - Eren 01:01:55 - Mikey 01:03:55 - Draken 01:06:35 - Edward Elric 01:08:20 - Mustang 01:09:20 - Sebastian 01:12:50 - Laxus 01:14:55 - Grey 01:15:30 - Bakugo 01:19:50 - Almight 01:21:15 - Hawks 01:23:20 - Rin 01:24:40 - Ruyji 01:24:45 - Kenshin 01:27:45 - Lord Sesshomaru 01:30:00 - Inuyasha 01:32:35 - Ken Kaneki 01:35:10 - Juzo 01:37:15 - Gintoki 01:39:00 - Shinya Kogame 01:41:55 - Speedwagon 01:42:25 - Dio 01:43:20 - Jotoro 01:47:55 - Joske 01:50:10 - Giorno 01:53:50 - Tanjiro 01:54:50 - Rengoku 01:55:50 - Saitama 01:57:10 - Genos 01:57:30 - Metal Bat 01:57:55 - Yuno 01:58:45 - Yami 02:00:00 - Julius 02:01:40 - Lelouch Vi Britannia 02:03:10 - Suzaku 02:05:15 - Kaiba 02:05:45 - Yami Yugi 02:07:15 - Gojo 02:11:00 - Sukuna 02:12:10 - Karma Akabane 02:13:20 - Kuro Sensei 02:16:10 - Ban 02:18:25 - Meliodas 02:20:05 - Toru Oikawa 02:20:55 - Howl 02:22:05 - Bell Crenel 02:24:00 - Loga 02:25:00 - Senku 02:27:55 - Tsukasa 02:29:50 - Shinra 02:33:00 - Joker 02:33:40 - Kirito 02:34:55 - Klein 02:38:05 - Tamaki 02:39:10 - Honey Senpai 02:40:10 - Sinbad 02:42:35 - Judar 02:43:05 - Aladdin 02:43:45 - Naofumi 02:44:55 - Motoyasu 02:45:25 - Spike 02:46:45 - Jet Black 02:47:10 - Kanami 02:48:10 - Zero 02:49:00 - Soul 02:50:00 - Death the Kid 02:52:10 - Shizou 02:53:55 - Izaya 02:55:00 - Gilgamesh 02:57:45 - Lancer 02:58:10 - Kurokiba Ryo 02:59:15 - Soma 03:00:30 - Tatsumi 03:01:20 - Bulat 03:02:20 - Tuxedo mask 03:03:35 - Allen Walker 03:04:25 - Yu Kanda 03:05:30 - Kaze no Stigma 03:06:10 - Vash the Stampede 03:06:50 - Alucard 03:08:05 - Thorfinn 03:10:05 - Diablo 03:10:50 - Kyoya 03:11:35 - Kagame 03:12:20 - Daiki

*** Spoiler Warning: Annihalation (2018) *** In this episode's "Is It an Isekai" segment we delve into the forbidden zone where no man dare venture. So instead they sent in a team of women including Natalie Portman. Can they unravel the mystery of the shimmer? Or will they find that they too have been isekai'd? We talk about some broader story elements in Annihalation without getting into specifics. Check it out at (23:15). There's so much anime out there it's hard to keep up at times. Nevertheless, each new show does not ask you to reacquaint yourself with a whole new cast of characters every time. Through the clever use of signs, signifiers, shorthands and tropes anime offers us common character types that emerge in specific genres. Yet even if certain protagonists share identifiable traits and personalities, they still elicit different emotional responses from us. Does isekai pull this same trick? We offer some opening thoughts and observations on what will undoubtedly become a recurring question as we watch more shows. The Otaku Glossary starts at (31:20) The recap segment this week covers: Episode 4: It Seems Tsukasa has Resolved to Change the World! (47:03) Episode 5: It Seems Akatsuki's Becoming God Akatsuki! (1:26:07) Episode 6: It Seems Lyrule's Growing Closer to Him! (2:10:09) It's just the two of us on this episode but we talk enough for three! This show just won't stop showing us ridiculous, absurd and vile things so we got through it the only way we know how, by analysing and goofing in equal measure. In these episodes we discover that Lyrule might be a body pillow, Akatsuki might be an E3 presenter and Tsukasa might just be the anti-Christ. Boy do I hate that twerp. As to be expected there will be mayo, there will be milkies and there will be misery. Your intrepid hosts will persevere however, we're already halfway through!  Don't let us suffer through this alone: Follow us on twitter at @ReincarnatedPod Mail us your sympathies at reincarnated.podcasters@gmail.com

Donde hablamos el como tienen diferentes puntos de vista sobre que es el bien entre el protagonista y Tsukasa.

This week, the professors break down the second season of Dr. Stone: Stone Wars! Despite some interesting choices narratively to accommodate the war-centric conflict and the battle of ideologies, does this newest chapter in the story manage to land on its feet and succeed in maintaining the hype of the platinum first season? Come to class and find out!Please make sure to leave us a review on Apple Podcasts, reviews really help all your favorite shows grow!SocialsWe released our All-New PATREON!! Check it out!https://www.patreon.com/weebologyFollow us on instagram for mid week updates and awesome Anime Memes!https://www.instagram.com/weebology.podcast/Hit up the Twitter!https://twitter.com/WeebologyPCheck out our Youtube Channel for additional anime content or video podcasts episodes!https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCVJBllbgYsuTrrG5IssngOgContact us with any questions, comments, or requests for anime to hear us wax philosophic about!weebologypodcast@gmail.comIntro / Outro SongOur theme song is:Dreams By Dj Quads https://youtu.be/iiRCmcP_jlcArtist SoundCloud https://soundcloud.com/aka-dj-quadsMusic Promoted by https://goo.gl/5NfMV4Please check out his music and support this awesome artist! 

Be sure to check out our sponsor Grow Generation: Where the Pros Go to Grow. www.GrowGeneration.com Welcome to LRM's BRAND NEW Anime-Versal Reviews Podcast! Anime is a broad category of cartoons, traditionally made in Japan, that has captivated millions worldwide. The contributors at LRM Online are some of those millions and are proud to present a new review series dedicated to ANIME! This One is odd though, we may have several reviews going on at one time! How cool is that? Join Kyle (LRMornings, The Cantina Podcast) Christine (LRM's No Mercy Podcast), and Brian (PulpMythos on YouTube) as they review Dr. STONE: The Stone Wars Late in 2019, the Cartoon Network's Toonami segment started airing an interesting post-apocalyptic anime called Dr. STONE. The series was a huge hit in the west, let alone the east, and now the English dub is finally here! If you want to know why we're covering the Dub, check out our Season 1 Recap Here: https://youtu.be/c3pgH-4pHTc Episode 8 (Final Battle) of The Stone Wars brings us to the final moments of this chapter. Science and strength come head to head as Senku leads his army to take the Miracle Cave. Can they take it? Will they be able to hold it? Also, don't forget that Tsukasa found the phone. Time to get excited! Support: We have SO MANY podcasts! Anime-Versal Reviews Podcast covers anime (duh!), LRM’s No Mercy covers Cobra Kai, and the Marvel craze continues with WandaVision reviews on Marvel Multiverse Mondays. Also, classics like BGRtP, The Cantina Podcast, and LRmornings are still going! Please like, share, and SUBSCRIBE to the podcast. This will help us help you! Also, by getting more visibility, with more feedback, and a bigger audience, we can provide more content for YOU! Seriously… You’re just gonna skip the subscribe/follow button? Fine, your loss… Did you miss the last Anime-Versal Review? Get it here: https://open.spotify.com/episode/6woN0ijGbKkX4p1YVVIQ5L?si=a0j5SneXTcach2yZ4EYsjw Question of the week: What was your favorite part of The Stone Wars - Final Battle? Website: www.LRMOnline.com Kyle Twitter: https://twitter.com/ThatKyleMalone Brian YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCPmuColevvFf2mKNuT7jACw Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/artist/4h1ngeRAmfYxWdzeblFmNe Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/los-fanboys Stitcher: https://www.stitcher.com/show/lrm-online Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/lrm-online-podcast-network/id1082156294?mt=2

Be sure to check out our sponsor Grow Generation: Where the Pros Go to Grow. www.GrowGeneration.com Welcome to LRM's BRAND NEW Anime-Versal Reviews Podcast! Anime is a broad category of cartoons, traditionally made in Japan, that has captivated millions worldwide. The contributors at LRM Online are some of those millions and are proud to present a new review series dedicated to ANIME! This One is odd though, we may have several reviews going on at one time! How cool is that? Join Kyle (LRMornings, The Cantina Podcast) Christine (LRM's No Mercy Podcast), and Brian (PulpMythos on YouTube) as they review Dr. STONE: The Stone Wars Late in 2019, the Cartoon Network's Toonami segment started airing an interesting post-apocalyptic anime called Dr. STONE. The series was a huge hit in the west, let alone the east, and now the English dub is finally here! If you want to know why we're covering the Dub, check out our Season 1 Recap Here: https://youtu.be/c3pgH-4pHTc Episode 7 (Secret) of The Stone Wars is all about poo. Well, poo water. The miracle fluid in the cave! Senku and his team want to get it out of the hands of Tsukasa. However, Tsukasa has more issues on his hands than he realizes. Are there cracks in the Stone Empire? Support: We have SO MANY podcasts! Anime-Versal Reviews Podcast covers anime (duh!), LRM’s No Mercy covers Cobra Kai, and the Marvel craze continues with WandaVision reviews on Marvel Multiverse Mondays. Also, classics like BGRtP, The Cantina Podcast, and LRmornings are still going! Please like, share, and SUBSCRIBE to the podcast. This will help us help you! Also, by getting more visibility, with more feedback, and a bigger audience, we can provide more content for YOU! Seriously… You’re just gonna skip the subscribe/follow button? Fine, your loss… Did you miss the last Anime-Versal Review? Get it here: https://open.spotify.com/episode/42LCzSSYAVT8DdvWcJJWlA?si=1bQaKRUNTyWisEazH0ktzQ Question of the week: What was your favorite part of The Stone Wars - Secret Mission? Website: www.LRMOnline.com Kyle Twitter: https://twitter.com/ThatKyleMalone Brian YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCPmuColevvFf2mKNuT7jACw Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/artist/4h1ngeRAmfYxWdzeblFmNe Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/los-fanboys Stitcher: https://www.stitcher.com/show/lrm-online Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/lrm-online-podcast-network/id1082156294?mt=2

Senku has been able to set up his Kingdom of Science, but now Tsukasa knows he is still alive. Senku and the villagers have until Spring to prepare themselves for the war with Tsukasa and his Kingdom of Might. Can Senku and Ishigami village get everything ready in time?! Hopefully science will prevail again as we enter the Stone War! This week Condor and Falcon discuss Dr Stone: Stone Wars You can also hop in our discord for more fun discussions and podcast updates!  https://discord.gg/yCFd6Y5

OTAKOS! Hoy terminan los jueves de Alejo, hoy termina Tonikawa: FLY ME TO THE MOON!! Muchas cosas terminan pero lo que no es que CHINGUE A SU MADRE MAMI-CHAN!! En este episodio final seguimos analizando que es Tsukasa pero a la misma vez nos enamoramos mas de ella.

What's Good, POSITIVE NATION?!The Jaegerists' plans are revealed! Do we approve???Senku and Tsukasa have to...team up???What is going on with The Promised Neverland???Is Fushiguro insane or what?!As always, we encourage you to catch up on said anime, then come back and join the discussion!FOLLOW ME ON INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/sam.cam.ent/FOLLOW ME ON TWITTER: https://twitter.com/SamCamEnt1FOLLOW ME ON FACEBOOK: https://www.facebook.com/sam.cam.entFOLLOW HALEIGH ON TWITTER: https://twitter.com/HD_ReadsCHECK OUT HALEIGH'S WEBSITE: https://www.haleighdean.com/SUBSCRIBE TO HALEIGH'S YOUTUBE PAGE: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCLs-4BLQRIQAZ4MgDb0BqswFOLLOW GARRET ON TWITTER: https://twitter.com/GarretMcCauleySUBSCRIBE IF YOU LIKE THE CONTENT!HIT THE BELL FOR NOTIFICATIONS!----------------------------------------Intro Music: Ansia Orchestra - Battle ThemeLink: https://youtu.be/I9-rnxvxJMcMusic provided by: MFY - No Copyright----------------------------------------

El finaaaaaaal se acerca ya.... PENULTIMO EPISODIO DE TONIKAWA: FLY ME TO THE MOON! El dia de hoy hablamos sobre algo toxico que demostro Nasa que nos causo conflicto, tambien no entendemos como Aya no sabia que estaban casados Nasa y Tsukasa.

Welcome to LRM's BRAND NEW Anime-Versal Reviews Podcast! Anime is a broad category of cartoons, traditionally made in Japan, that has captivated millions worldwide. The contributors at LRM Online are some of those millions and are proud to present a new review series dedicated to ANIME! This One is odd though, we may have several reviews going on at one time! How cool is that? Join Kyle (LRMornings, The Cantina Podcast) Christine (LRM's No Mercy Podcast), and Brian (PulpMythos on YouTube) as they review Dr. STONE: The Stone Wars Late in 2019, the Cartoon Network's Toonami segment started airing an interesting post-apocalyptic anime called Dr. STONE. The series was a huge hit in the west, let alone the east, and now the English dub is finally here! If you want to know why we're covering the Dub, check out our Season 1 Recap Here: https://youtu.be/c3pgH-4pHTc Episode 4 (Full Assault) of The Stone Wars brings us the best episode of the entire series to date. This is near-perfect anime. However, we're not going to talk about any of that in text. Join us on this adventure into the inner workings of Tsukasa's Empire. Support: We have SO MANY podcasts! Anime-Versal Reviews Podcast covers anime (duh!), LRM’s No Mercy covers Cobra Kai, and the Marvel craze continues with WandaVision reviews on Marvel Multiverse Mondays. Also, classics like BGRtP, The Cantina Podcast, and LRmornings are still going! Please like, share, and SUBSCRIBE to the podcast. This will help us help you! Also, by getting more visibility, with more feedback, and a bigger audience, we can provide more content for YOU! Seriously… You’re just gonna skip the subscribe/follow button? Fine, your loss… Did you miss the last Anime-Versal Review? Get it here: https://open.spotify.com/episode/749A3XYrKVhzTBmdEoeWgS?si=3UFl3dxETAa75NmK9D2pqw Question of the week: What was your favorite part of  The Stone Wars - Full Assault? Website: www.LRMOnline.com Kyle Twitter: https://twitter.com/ThatKyleMalone Brian YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCPmuColevvFf2mKNuT7jACw Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/artist/4h1ngeRAmfYxWdzeblFmNe Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/los-fanboys Stitcher: https://www.stitcher.com/show/lrm-online Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/lrm-online-podcast-network/id1082156294?mt=2

OTAKOS! BONITO JUEVES DE QUE CHINGUE A SU MADRE MAMI-CHAN!!! El dia de hoy hablamos de los episodios 7 y 8 de Tonikawa: Fly me to the moon! Donde Alejo sospecha fuertemente de que Tsukasa no es humana, Rolo se soprende con los padres de Nasa y Chitose quiere separarlos!

Welcome to LRM's BRAND NEW Anime-Versal Reviews Podcast! Anime is a broad category of cartoons, traditionally made in Japan, that has captivated millions worldwide. The contributors at LRM Online are some of those millions and are proud to present a new review series dedicated to ANIME! This One is odd though, we may have several reviews going on at one time! How cool is that? Join Kyle (LRMornings, The Cantina Podcast) Christine (LRM's No Mercy Podcast), and Brian (PulpMythos on YouTube) as they review Dr. STONE: The Stone Wars Late in 2019, the Cartoon Network's Toonami segment started airing an interesting post-apocalyptic anime called Dr. STONE. The series was a huge hit in the west, let alone the east, and now the English dub is finally here! If you want to know why we're covering the Dub, check out our Season 1 Recap Here: https://youtu.be/c3pgH-4pHTc Episode 3 (Call From The Dead) of The Stone Wars brings us the backstory on a couple of Tsukasa's troops, a touching reunion, a daring escape, and all the glory of Dr. STONE you have come to expect. Psychological warfare is the next step up from information warfare. Also, what happens if time became a factor? Not the passing of it, but the tracking of it. Support: We have SO MANY podcasts! Anime-Versal Reviews Podcast covers anime (duh!), LRM’s No Mercy covers Cobra Kai, and the Marvel craze continues with WandaVision reviews on Marvel Multiverse Mondays. Also, classics like BGRtP, The Cantina Podcast, and LRmornings are still going! Please like, share, and SUBSCRIBE to the podcast. This will help us help you! Also, by getting more visibility, with more feedback, and a bigger audience, we can provide more content for YOU! Seriously… You’re just gonna skip the subscribe/follow button? Fine, your loss… Did you miss the last Anime-Versal Review? Get it here: https://open.spotify.com/episode/5N0ZAPWhXXyEOOXqmrHaih?si=OTC93nORQsSmN9jEqE4vPg Question of the week: What was your favorite part of  The Stone Wars - Call From the Dead? Website: www.LRMOnline.com Kyle Twitter: https://twitter.com/ThatKyleMalone Brian YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCPmuColevvFf2mKNuT7jACw Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/artist/4h1ngeRAmfYxWdzeblFmNe Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/los-fanboys Stitcher: https://www.stitcher.com/show/lrm-online Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/lrm-online-podcast-network/id1082156294?mt=2

Otakos!! El dia de hoy hablamos de los episodios 5 y 6 de Tonikawa: Fly Me To The Moon! Vemos que Nasa quiere comprarle anillo de compromiso a Tsukasa pero ella solo quiere una tele para ver sus series y peliculas!

The Anime Izakaya Podcast is a weekly anime podcast where we discuss the current season of anime airing with shows such as Mushoku Tensei, Jujutsu Kaisen, Re:Zero, Higurashi, and more! This week, we talk about The Devil is a Part-Timer season 2 announcement! We continue the sanctuary talk in Re:Zero, and how Tsukasa is ruining Dr. Stone. Timestamps below, and spoilers incoming! 0:00 - Intro 1:02 - Devil is a Part-Timer Season 2 Announcement!!!! 5:33 - Higurashi When They Cry - Episode 22 15:42 - Horimiya - Episode 9 27:22 - Beastars 2nd Season - Episode 9 39:48 - Reincarnated as a Slime Season 2 - Episode 8 47:43 - Kemono Jihen - Episode 9 57:47 - So I'm a Spider, So What? - Episode 9 1:04:55 - Re:Zero 2nd Season Part 2 - Episode 9 1:24:15 - Dr. Stone: Stone Wars - Episode 8 1:36:22 - Jujutsu Kaisen - Episode 21 1:51:14 - Mushoku Tensei - Episode 9 2:13:30 - Promised Neverland 2nd Season - Episode 8 2:28:42 - The Quintessential Quintuplets 2 - (Update) 2:30:30 - SK8 - Episode 9 Follow and Subscribe to us and our other members: Podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/anime-izakaya-podcast/id1483958148 Twitter: https://twitter.com/Izakaya_Studios Twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/izakaya_studios Discord: https://discord.gg/Ytzk4r9 Voice of Aleks: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1Qhp5EpIE0ZX2OkdUXannw SBKuma: https://www.twitch.tv/sbkuma

Otakos!! En el podcast de hoy hablamos de los episodios 3 y 4 de Tonikawa donde Tsukasa le cocina por primera vez a Nasa y este mismo la caga al mal interpretar las cosas.

A casua chat l with Chris and Nicole about episode 7 of Dr. Stone Stone Wars!

In the near future, humans live alongside sentient androids called Giftias. However, there is a catch. The lifespan of a Giftia is determined beforehand, and a Giftia can only live for a maximum of 81,920 hours (roughly nine years and four months). If they pass their expiration date, it causes personality disintegration, memory loss, and outbreaks of violence. As a result, the Terminal Services are established with the duty of retrieving Giftias who are close to the end of their lifespans from their owners, and erasing the Giftias' memories. Follow the work and life of such a team in SAI Corp's Terminal Service One office, the human protagonist Tsukasa and a Giftia named Isla. Slowly, their relationship progresses, and as both slowly fall in love, Isla is revealed to be nearing the end of her own lifespan.    Intro song by the talented "Boyfriend Genes" https://boyfriendgenes.bandcamp.com/track/dont-call

OTAKOS! Primer jueves de Tonikawa!! Pero no se nos olvida que hoy es dia de que chingue a su madre Mami-chan tambien! El dia de hoy les platicamos de los episodios 1 y 2 de Tonikawa donde conocemos a nuestros personajes principales Nasa y Tsukasa, no pasa ni un episodio y ya estan casados.

Tsukasa lays out his philosophy and we make fun of him. Also in this episode: Memes never die, rock doctors, and we might be psychopaths. This week we will be watching Dr. Stone episodes 22-24 currently streaming in the US on Crunchyroll and Funimation. Let us know if we mess anything up or share some love on twitter @gimmethoseboots and @andrewsissonFollow the podcast on instagram and twitter at @awam_podCatch up and check out our new schedule at awam.pizza

Let's Get Excited!Welcome to the 45th episode of the Shonen Tapes. Today, with Season 2 being recently released, the guys do a deep dive on the hit show Dr. Stone. All four of them watched the entire first season, and discuss what they like and disliked about the show. Specifically, they go over what they like about Senku and the Kingdom of Science, deciding who their favorite characters are, and how they compare to Tsukasa's squad. They decide whether or not the premise of the show and how they use science to develop is interesting/boring, and what they expect for Season 2. It is guaranteed that this episode will move you more than one millimeter, so check this one out today. Follow us HERE to keep up with The Shonen Tapes on social media and your favorite podcast sites! This Episode Includes: Dr. Stone, Senku, Tsukasa, Taiju, Chrome, Kohaku, Suika, Ginro, Magma, Kinro

"You don't get married because you've proven you're in love... You get married so you can prove it." - Yuzaki NasaIf you don't like simple romance anime with no drama, then you need to stay away from Tonikawa, because it's definitely not for you. The beauty of Tonikawa lies in it's simplicity. Enjoy all the lewd hand holding, sweet kisses and the blooming relationship between Nasa and Tsukasa. It's a fluffy, no drama, precious mood-refresher. Cuddle up on the couch with a bowl ice cream and enjoy this sweet anime. Intro song by the talented "Boyfriend Genes"https://boyfriendgenes.bandcamp.com/track/dont-call

Kommentoi | Twitter | Instagram–––- Turhankin pelottava seikkailu amerikkalaisen Apple ID:n kanssa04:24 – Hampaankolossa: Manga Time Kirara Comicsin Facebook-sovellus- Jakso 40, jossa puhuimme Manga Time Kirara Comicsin Facebook-sovelluksesta06:14 – Hampaankolossa: Futekiya lisensoi Pink Heart Jamin- ANN: Futekiya Boys-Love Manga Service Adds Pink Heart Jam Manga Simulpub- Jakso 37, jossa puhuimme Pink Heart Jamin keskeyttämisestä piratismin vuoksi10:29 – Hampaankolossa: Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no yaiban suosio- ANN: Oricon Poll: Over 90% of Japanese Public is Familiar with Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba- SoraNews24: Demon Slayer is so pervasive, it’s starting to affect Japanese children’s kanji reading ability- Lännessä taas Jujutsu kaisen on Demon Slayeria suositumpi- “Menikin jo melkein minuutti ennen kuin näin mitään Demon Slayeriin liittyvää“15:24 – Kuulijakommentteja: Alle 18-vuotiaille sopivia lyhyitä BL-suosituksia- Seven Days- Classmates- Touko Kawain sarja Cut- I Hear the Sunspot, Given ja Seaside Stranger ovat pitempiä sitten- It’s Fine Even if It’s Just a Dream- God is Probably Left-Handed25:48 – Kuulijakommentteja: Missä menee fanservicesarjan ja erotiikkasarjan raja?- ANN: Seven Seas Licenses 5 Mature Manga for Ghost Ship Imprint- Booty Idol- Manga Goraku -lehti, jossa sarja ilmestyy Ginga Densetsu Weed: Orionin vieressä (kuva)- Epämääräisesti Takeshi Kitanolta näyttävä pahishahmo (kuva)- Velvet Kiss36:16 – Crunchyroll Mangan web-lukusovellus ja Flash Playerin kuolema- Thoughts on Flash- Crunchyrollin “uusi“ HTML5-web-lukusovellus (kuva)- Nyt toimii myös mobiililaitteilla, paitsi että eihän näin voi elää (kuva)43:58 – BL-alan mahdollinen valtavirtaistuminen- ANN: Hana to Yume Gets New Digital BL Spinoff Magazine- ANN: The Night Beyond the Tricornered Window Boys-Love Mystery Manga Gets TV Anime- ANN: BL (Boys Life) Manga Sasaki and Miyano Gets Anime55:01 – Dr. Stone: Esittely- Dr. Stone- Riichiro Inagaki, tunnettu aiemmasta sarjastaan Eyeshield 21- Boichi, tunnettu aiemmasta sarjastaan Sun-Ken Rock - Senkun ja Tsukasan maailmankatsomukset ovat saman tien törmäyskurssilla (kuva)59:38 – Dr. Stone: Yleisesti- Senku, Chrome, Kohaku ja Tsukasa (kuva)- Vaivannäkö ja voitto ovat tässä sarjassa kokonaan uudessa muodossa (kuva)- Idän lumo: Ihmisellä on oikeus tuhota luontoa- Kaikkien Maassa elävien ihmisten esivanhemmat, kuusi ISS-astronauttia (kuva)- Kukaan ei ole kuitenkaan Senkulle verisukua, ei huolta (kuva)- Dr. Stone Reboot: Byakuya- Hotel, Boichin aiempi lyhäri joka muistuttaa tätä tarinaa- Eiköhän tässäkin sarjassa ennen pitkää avaruuteen mennä (kuva)01:19:04 – Dr. Stone: Hahmot- Tsukasan ja Hyoogan erilaiset näkemykset (kuva)- Senku ja Gen ovat parivaljakko helvetistä (kuva)- Chromen neuvokkuus on enemmän ratkaisujen löytämistä (kuva)- Kaseki, kylän käsityöläismestari jolla ei ole koskaan ollut samanhenkisiä tovereita (kuva)01:39:44 – Dr. Stone: Taide- Boichin “normaali“ piirrostyyli on vähemmän simppeli kuin Dr. Stonessa käytetty (kuva)- Naishahmo joka ei näyttänyt karmivalta olikin sääli kyllä vain komea mies (kuva)- Boichin mies- ja naishahmot (kuva)- Antakaa näille naisraukoille alushousut (kuva)- Kohakua ei kauheasti seksualisoida itse sarjan sivuilla, mutta lukujen aloituskuvat ovat kokonaan eri juttu (kuva)- Tunteikkaat hetket ja coolit poseeraukset hoituvat Boichilta erinomaisesti (kuva)- Häkkinen from Finland (kuva)01:52:18 – Dr. Stone: Julkaisu01:56:20 – Dr. Stone: Animesovitus- Animesovitus Crunchyrollissa- Ensimmäisen kauden ensimmäinen OP-animaatio (YouTube)- Ensimmäisen kauden toinen OP-animaatio (YouTube)01:59:27 – Dr: Stone: Spoileriosio (pokkarista 8)- Loppusarjan etenemissuunnitelma (kuva)- Tohtori Xeno on kyllä tiedemies, mutta on silti arvoiltaan Senkun täysi vastakohta (kuva)02:08:45 – Dr. Stone: Yhteenveto02:10:51 – Mangakartan vuosikatsaus 2020: StatistiikkaaLadatuimmat jaksot:- 1: Junji Ito- 2: Mistä mangaa voi ostaa- 3: Smile Down the Runway- 4: BL ja yuri- 5: The Case Study of VanitasVähiten ladatut jaksot:- 1: Dawn of the Arcana- 2: Silver Spoon- 3: My Lesbian Experience with Loneliness- 4: Everyone’s Getting Married- 5: Arte02:19:10 – Mangakartan vuosikatsaus 2020: Suosikkiaiheet- Pääaiheet: The Case Study of Vanitas ja Kasane- Ajankohtaiset: Amazonin ja Australian sensuuriasiat, manga-alan 2010-luku, Japanin mangamarkkinat 2019, Ranskan mangamarkkinat 2019 ja Pohjois-Amerikan mangamarkkinat 2019- Lukujonosarjat: Kowloon Generic Romance ja Heartless02:34:51 – Lopetus

Dr. Stonessa luodaan ihmiskunnan tiede ja teknologia uudestaan nollasta aloittaen postapokalyptisessa tulevaisuudessa, jossa koko ihmiskunta on mystisesti kivettynyt tuhansien vuosien ajaksi. Puhumme myös mangan ikärajojen määrittymisestä Japanissa, BL-alan uusista tuulista sekä siitä, miten Crunchyroll jaksoi lopultakin kääntää päälle manganlukusovelluksensa HTML5-version. Lisäksi käymme läpi Mangakartan vuotta 2020: puhumme omista suosikkiaiheistamme, käsiteltyjen sarjojen jakautumisesta eri kustantajille ja kohdeyleisöille sekä siitä, mitkä jaksot olivat suosittuja ja mitkä eivät. ––– Kommentoi | Twitter | Instagram ––– - Turhankin pelottava seikkailu amerikkalaisen Apple ID:n kanssa 04:24 – HAMPAANKOLOSSA: MANGA TIME KIRARA COMICSIN FACEBOOK-SOVELLUS - Jakso 40, jossa puhuimme Manga Time Kirara Comicsin Facebook-sovelluksesta 06:14 – HAMPAANKOLOSSA: FUTEKIYA LISENSOI PINK HEART JAMIN - ANN: Futekiya Boys-Love Manga Service Adds Pink Heart Jam Manga Simulpub - Jakso 37, jossa puhuimme Pink Heart Jamin keskeyttämisestä piratismin vuoksi 10:29 – HAMPAANKOLOSSA: DEMON SLAYER: KIMETSU NO YAIBAN SUOSIO - ANN: Oricon Poll: Over 90% of Japanese Public is Familiar with Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba - SoraNews24: Demon Slayer is so pervasive, it's starting to affect Japanese children's kanji reading ability - Lännessä taas Jujutsu kaisen on Demon Slayeria suositumpi - “Menikin jo melkein minuutti ennen kuin näin mitään Demon Slayeriin liittyvää“ 15:24 – KUULIJAKOMMENTTEJA: ALLE 18-VUOTIAILLE SOPIVIA LYHYITÄ BL-SUOSITUKSIA - Seven Days - Classmates - Touko Kawain sarja Cut - I Hear the Sunspot, Given ja Seaside Stranger ovat pitempiä sitten - It's Fine Even if It's Just a Dream - God is Probably Left-Handed 25:48 – KUULIJAKOMMENTTEJA: MISSÄ MENEE FANSERVICESARJAN JA EROTIIKKASARJAN RAJA? - ANN: Seven Seas Licenses 5 Mature Manga for Ghost Ship Imprint - Booty Idol - Manga Goraku -lehti, jossa sarja ilmestyy Ginga Densetsu Weed: Orionin vieressä (kuva) - Epämääräisesti Takeshi Kitanolta näyttävä pahishahmo (kuva) - Velvet Kiss 36:16 – CRUNCHYROLL MANGAN WEB-LUKUSOVELLUS JA FLASH PLAYERIN KUOLEMA - Thoughts on Flash - Crunchyrollin “uusi“ HTML5-web-lukusovellus (kuva) - Nyt toimii myös mobiililaitteilla, paitsi että eihän näin voi elää (kuva) 43:58 – BL-ALAN MAHDOLLINEN VALTAVIRTAISTUMINEN - ANN: Hana to Yume Gets New Digital BL Spinoff Magazine - ANN: The Night Beyond the Tricornered Window Boys-Love Mystery Manga Gets TV Anime - ANN: BL (Boys Life) Manga Sasaki and Miyano Gets Anime 55:01 – DR. STONE: ESITTELY - Dr. Stone - Riichiro Inagaki, tunnettu aiemmasta sarjastaan Eyeshield 21 - Boichi, tunnettu aiemmasta sarjastaan Sun-Ken Rock - Senkun ja Tsukasan maailmankatsomukset ovat saman tien törmäyskurssilla (kuva) 59:38 – DR. STONE: YLEISESTI - Senku, Chrome, Kohaku ja Tsukasa (kuva) - Vaivannäkö ja voitto ovat tässä sarjassa kokonaan uudessa muodossa (kuva) - Idän lumo: Ihmisellä on oikeus tuhota luontoa - Kaikkien Maassa elävien ihmisten esivanhemmat, kuusi ISS-astronauttia (kuva) - Kukaan ei ole kuitenkaan Senkulle verisukua, ei huolta (kuva) - Dr. Stone Reboot: Byakuya - Hotel, Boichin aiempi lyhäri joka muistuttaa tätä tarinaa - Eiköhän tässäkin sarjassa ennen pitkää avaruuteen mennä (kuva) 01:19:04 – DR. STONE: HAHMOT - Tsukasan ja Hyoogan erilaiset näkemykset (kuva) - Senku ja Gen ovat parivaljakko helvetistä (kuva) - Chromen neuvokkuus on enemmän ratkaisujen löytämistä (kuva) - Kaseki, kylän käsityöläismestari jolla ei ole koskaan ollut samanhenkisiä tovereita (kuva) 01:39:44 – DR. STONE: TAIDE - Boichin “normaali“ piirrostyyli on vähemmän simppeli kuin Dr. Stonessa käytetty (kuva) - Naishahmo joka ei näyttänyt karmivalta olikin sääli kyllä vain komea mies (kuva) - Boichin mies- ja naishahmot (kuva) - Antakaa näille naisraukoille alushousut (kuva) - Kohakua ei kauheasti seksualisoida itse sarjan sivuilla, mutta lukujen aloituskuvat ovat kokonaan eri juttu (kuva) - Tunteikkaat hetket ja coolit poseeraukset hoituvat Boichilta erinomaisesti (kuva) - Häkkinen from Finland (kuva) 01:52:18 – DR. STONE: JULKAISU 01:56:20 – DR. STONE: ANIMESOVITUS - Animesovitus Crunchyrollissa - Ensimmäisen kauden ensimmäinen OP-animaatio (YouTube) - Ensimmäisen kauden toinen OP-animaatio (YouTube) 01:59:27 – DR. STONE: SPOILERIOSIO (POKKARISTA 8) - Loppusarjan etenemissuunnitelma (kuva) - Tohtori Xeno on kyllä tiedemies, mutta on silti arvoiltaan Senkun täysi vastakohta (kuva) 02:08:45 – DR. STONE: YHTEENVETO 02:10:51 – MANGAKARTAN VUOSIKATSAUS 2020: STATISTIIKKAA Ladatuimmat jaksot: - 1: Junji Ito - 2: Mistä mangaa voi ostaa - 3: Smile Down the Runway - 4: BL ja yuri - 5: The Case Study of Vanitas Vähiten ladatut jaksot: - 1: Dawn of the Arcana - 2: Silver Spoon - 3: My Lesbian Experience with Loneliness - 4: Everyone's Getting Married - 5: Arte 02:19:10 – MANGAKARTAN VUOSIKATSAUS 2020: SUOSIKKIAIHEET - Pääaiheet: The Case Study of Vanitas ja Kasane - Ajankohtaiset: Amazonin ja Australian sensuuriasiat, manga-alan 2010-luku, Japanin mangamarkkinat 2019, Ranskan mangamarkkinat 2019 ja Pohjois-Amerikan mangamarkkinat 2019 - Lukujonosarjat: Kowloon Generic Romance ja Heartless 02:34:51 – LOPETUS

Ya está Jelu de vuelta con mucha más cultura japonesa y esta semana hablaremos de "Tonikaku Kawaii", una serie de comedia romántica que nos contará como Nasa y Tsukasa, se van enamorando durante su matrimonio, este anime se encuentra en emisión cada viernes en esta temporada de otoño de 2020, si queréis saber de que va, o alguna información extra de este anime o de Japón... ¡Escucha el programa! Además habrá nuevos lugares desconocidos del país nipón, noticias y mucho más. Todo esto y mucho más para hacer un programa divertido y ameno sobre el mundillo del anime, del manga y como no de Japón. Es por eso, que si os gusta deberéis escuchar "Anitakume" sin falta.

Ya está Jelu de vuelta con mucha más cultura japonesa y esta semana hablaremos de "Tonikaku Kawaii", una serie de comedia romántica que nos contará como Nasa y Tsukasa, se van enamorando durante su matrimonio, este anime se encuentra en emisión cada viernes en esta temporada de otoño de 2020, si queréis saber de que va, o alguna información extra de este anime o de Japón... ¡Escucha el programa! Además habrá nuevos lugares desconocidos del país nipón, noticias y mucho más. Todo esto y mucho más para hacer un programa divertido y ameno sobre el mundillo del anime, del manga y como no de Japón. Es por eso, que si os gusta deberéis escuchar "Anitakume" sin falta.

Ryo Hanadan Devils' Line on nyky-Japaniin sijoittuva vampyyritoimintapoliisijännäri, jossa on mukana myös reipas annos romantiikkaa ja muita ihmissuhteita. Ajankohtaisina aiheina puhumme Titaanien sodan väritetyn julkaisun inspiroimana väritetystä mangasta ylipäätään, englanninkielisen ranobejulkaisemisen uusimmista käänteistä sekä siitä, miten My Broken Marikon tekijä promosi sarjan englanninkielistä julkaisua. Lukujonossa olemme lukeneet Mitsuru Adachin baseball-klassikkoa Touch sekä pahan mielen kuumottelusarjaa Pleasure & Corruption. ––– Kommentoi | Twitter | Instagram ––– - Joulukalenteri 2019 02:18 – HAMPAANKOLOSSA: VANHOJEN SARJOJEN ANIMESOVITUKSISTA - Jakso 38, jossa puhuimme Tokyo Babylonin tulevasta uudesta animesovituksesta - Petterin artikkeli animeteollisuudesta Anime-lehdessä 6/2018 (PDF) - Space Battleship Yamato 2199 - Legend of the Galactic Heroes: Die Neue These - Pet - Kokkoku - Dororo - Level E - Babylon - Vinland Saga 07:27 – KUULIJAKOMMENTTEJA - Jakso 38, jossa puhuimme Tokyo Tarareba Girlsistä - Pasila S2E11 - Aoha Riden viimeisten pokkarien takakansien Google Translate -käännös - Ivrean nettisivut on päivitetty - “Pian“ (kuva) - One Piecen luku 430 - Made in Abyssin jakso 13 (YouTube) - Violet Evergardenin jakso 11 27:30 – VÄRITETTY MANGA - ANN: Attack on Titan Manga Gets Full-Color Serialization - Väritetty Highschool of the Dead - Kuuluuko taustat värittää taivaan väriseksi vai ei? (kuva) - Mysterious Girlfriend X:n mustia auringonlaskuja oli totta kai mahdoton toteuttaa saman näköisenä animeversiossa (kuva) - Väritetty One Piece - Sazan & Comet Girl - Please Tell Me! Galko-chan - Jakso 35, jossa puhuimme mangantekijöiden tulorakenteesta - Kazuya Minekuran Stigma - Väritetty Akira 39:37 – SEVEN SEASIN UUSI RANOBENIMIKE AIRSHIP - Seven Seas Focuses on Light Novels with New Imprint: Airship - Logot vierekkäin (kuva) 41:50 – MANGA PLANET LISENSOI SUPERKEVYITÄ ROMAANEJA - ANN: Manga Planet Licenses 7 Yuri Light Novels from Publisher Parsola Inc. - Ranobepodcasteja ei sääli kyllä ole, mutta aina voi seurata Daizia Twitterissä, koska hän on lukenut sata ranobea vuodessa (YouTube) 47:13 – MY BROKEN MARIKON TEKIJÄ PROMOSI SARJAN ENGLANNINKIELISTÄ JULKAISUA TWITTERISSÄ - My Broken Marikon tekijä postasi sarjan ensimmäisen luvun englanniksi Twitteriin - My Broken Mariko Yen Pressin sivustolla - Comic Bridge -nettilehti on “seinenmangaa jota naiset lukevat“ - Mr. Nietzsche in the Convenience Store - Jakso 20, jossa puhuimme siitä, miten Gangstan tekijä Kohske joutuu twiittailemaan englanniksi siitä, miten sarjan tauot johtuvat siitä että hän on vakavasti sairas 52:55 – DEVILS' LINE: ESITTELY - Devils' Line - Morning Two -lehti - Devils' Line Kodansha Comicsin nettisivuilla (sarja julkaistiin Verticalin nimellä) - Tsukasa ja Anzai (kuva) - Oni noin niinkuin yleisesti - Petterin arvostelu (kahden pokkarin perusteella) Anime-lehden numerossa 6/2016 (kuva) 01:00:20 – DEVILS' LINE: YLEISESTI - Ajin - Immortal Hounds - Mieshahmoja on vaikea erottaa toisistaan (kuva) 01:08:57 – DEVILS' LINE: MAAILMANRAKENNUS – HUONOA - Masquerade - Ei ole yleistä tietoa, että veren juominen parantaa haavoja (kuva) 01:18:10 – DEVILS' LINE: MAAILMANRAKENNUS – HYVÄÄ - ONLOn kehittämä seksisänky (kuva) 01:21:44 – DEVILS' LINE: IHMISSUHTEET JA MONINAISUUS - Puhutaan siitä, mitä suhteelta ja seksiltä halutaan (kuva) - Tekijä identifioituu nykyään enemmän muunsukupuoliseksi (X-Gender) kuin naiseksi, ja on myös aseksuaalinen - Okaman stereotyyppi 01:32:21 – DEVILS' LINE: ANZAI JA TSUKASA 01:36:31 – DEVILS' LINE: RASISMI JA ENNAKKOLUULOT - Ihmiset koostuvat monista elementeistä (kuva) - Jakso 13, jossa puhuimme Beastarsista - Vampyyrit unohtuvat mainita, kun kysytään uhrien lukumäärää (kuva) 01:45:49 – DEVILS' LINE: TAIDE 01:49:35 – DEVILS' LINE: JULKAISU - Jakso 21, jossa puhuimme Our Dreams at Duskista - Jakso 33, jossa vertailimme suomen- ja englanninkielisiä mangakäännöksiä - Manga Mavericks -podcastin jakso 131, jossa puhuttiin siitä miten osa latojan työtä on tietää milloin on syytä käyttää vähemmän fontteja kuin japaniksi - The Delinquent Housewife on hyvä esimerkki sellaisesta Verticalin julkaisusta, jossa on liikaa fontteja 01:55:31 – DEVILS' LINE: ANIMESOVITUS - Sarja HIDIVEssa - Saamarin nolo mutta koukuttava OP-biisi - Maaretin arvostelu animesta Anime-lehden numerossa 5/2018 (kuva) 02:03:12 – DEVILS' LINE:  SPOILERIOSIO (POKKARISTA 8) - CCC:n Mayu pokkariin 4 asti (kuva) - CCC:n Mayu pokkarista 5 eteenpäin (kuva) 02:24:32 – DEVILS' LINE: YHTEENVETO 02:28:57 – LUKUJONOSSA: TOUCH - Touch - Kooshienin stadioni - Afureko - The Knight in the Area - Maison Ikkoku - Harukana Receive - Giant Killing 02:40:05 – LUKUJONOSSA: PLEASURE & CORRUPTION - Pleasure & Corruption - Nana to Kaoru - Flowers of Evil - Jakso 27, jossa puhuimme Maiden Railwaysista - Käsinpiirrettyjä ääniefektejä (kuva) 02:52:11 – LOPETUS

We are joined by one of the best Joshi wrestlers of this generation, Ice Ribbon's Tsukasa Fujimoto. Tsukasa tells about how she got into the business, her favorite partners and opponents and gives her opinions on some of Ice Ribbon's top stars, including Maya Yukihi, Tsukushi and Suzu Suzuki. She also talks about her recent time traveling match and also her match with a broom! Danny Akagi and Yappy help with translating. Please have a listen. Also on the show: We are joined by JD from the RedLeaf Retrocast to preview the big Ice Ribbon Pay Per View headlined by the big title match featuring Suzu Suzuki challenging Maya Yukihi for the ICExInfinity Championship. Order the Pay Per View here: https://live2.nicovideo.jp/watch/lv326289485 Time Stamp: (35:26) Tsukasa Fujimoto Interview Tsukasa Fujimoto Contact: Twitter: https://twitter.com/tsukka0730 Instagram:  https://www.instagram.com/tsukka0730official/ YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_V0vfhOMxE9bCVvxjJ9JBw Ice Ribbon Contact: English Twitter: https://twitter.com/IceRibbon_eng Japanese Twitter: https://twitter.com/ICERIBBON_jp Website: http://iceribbon.com/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/iceribbon_official/ JD from the RedLeaf Retrocast Contact: Website: redleafretrocast.blogspot.com Twitter: https://twitter.com/BowlingJD Joshi City Contact: Website: https://joshicity.com/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/JoshiPuro The Joshi Pod Contact: Twitter: @ https://twitter.com/thejoshipod Facebook: @thejoshipod Instagram: @thejoshipod Pro Wrestling Tee's Stores: https://www.prowrestlingtees.com/thejoshipod Music Provided By: Arisa Nakajima & Tsukasa Fujimoto Theme ~ 中島安里紗 & 藤本つかさ入場テーマ: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AirIBtCfAbo Theme Song: http://www.soundcloud.com/interbeingjmk Twitter: https://twitter.com/justinmknipper