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Last time we spoke about the Japanese offensive at Changsha. In late September 1941, fighting in China had become a brutal struggle of endurance. Japanese forces kept pushing forward, but China—though battered by heavy losses—refused to yield. Help from abroad was slowly beginning to matter. American aid reached China through groups like the Red Cross, and volunteers later associated with the Flying Tigers offered crucial support to Chinese operations. Against this backdrop, Changsha in Hunan became the center of a dangerous autumn campaign. Chiang Kai-shek and the Nationalist leadership treated the city as strategically vital, knowing that its fate could influence the wider course of the war. In the end, the resistance at Changsha showed China's key advantage: resilience. The city's defense helped slow the Japanese advance, break up momentum, and create uncertainty as the campaign continued.   #212 The Autumn Battle of Changsha, 1941 Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. In late September 1941, the war in China had already entered its fifth year. By then the conflict had lost whatever remained of novelty and had settled into something harsher and more exhausting: a long war of attrition fought across enormous distances, under conditions of chronic shortage, strategic uncertainty, and repeated local catastrophe. Japan still possessed formidable military strength. Its armies could strike hard, move fast, and exploit superior firepower, air support, and communications in individual campaigns. Yet the larger shape of the war had begun to change. China had not collapsed. The Nationalist government still stood. Chinese armies, however battered, still held the field. The line between survival and defeat remained dangerously thin, but it had not broken. This was the situation in which the autumn campaign in Hunan and Hubei unfolded.   The struggle around Changsha did not occur in isolation. It belonged to a wider military and political moment. In Europe, the war had already expanded into a continent-wide convulsion. Germany and the Soviet Union were locked in a massive struggle after the German invasion in June. Leningrad was under threat, Kiev had become the scene of disaster, and the approach of the battle for Moscow suggested that still greater bloodshed lay ahead. Stalin had pressed Churchill to open a second front in Europe and had been refused. The global balance of war was shifting, but not yet in any way that guaranteed relief to China.   In Asia, Japan continued to press forward. The pressure on China remained immense. Yet by mid-1941 China's position, though still precarious, no longer looked quite as desperate as it had in earlier years. International sympathy had grown. Material aid, however limited, was beginning to take more concrete form. In July, the American Red Cross sent China medical supplies worth millions of dollars. In August, more than a hundred retired American pilots and mechanics came together to aid China against Japan. The air unit they formed, later celebrated as the Flying Tigers, meant more than aircraft and personnel alone. It signaled that China's war was no longer quite so isolated. That change in atmosphere did not produce calm in Chongqing. It sharpened urgency.   For Chiang Kai-shek, the possibility that the international situation might slowly improve for China carried with it a hard implication: China had to endure long enough to benefit from it. That meant surviving not in abstract terms, but in particular places, against particular offensives, at moments when a local defeat might have consequences far beyond the immediate battlefield. In the autumn of 1941, one of those places was Changsha. Changsha had long occupied an outsized place in the military geography of the war. It stood as the capital of Hunan, a hinge between regions, and a vital position in the defense of central China. Its security affected the Xiang River basin, communications across the province, and the broader defensive posture shielding approaches toward the wartime capital. To lose it, even temporarily, would be more than a symbolic blow. It would threaten the larger balance of the front in south-central China and test whether Japanese offensives could still force dramatic strategic results.   At the same time, the battle for Changsha was not a simple contest between one Chinese army and one Japanese army facing each other across a fixed line. It was part of a larger operational struggle linking the Ninth War Zone with supporting actions from the Third, Fifth, and Sixth War Zones. It involved frontal resistance, hurried reinforcement, mobile defense, rear harassment, and the constant effort to turn Japanese momentum into Japanese overextension. Chinese commanders were trying not merely to survive a blow, but to absorb it, stretch it, and eventually strike back against an enemy whose speed could become a liability once supply lines lengthened and formations dispersed. This was the burden resting on the Military Commission in Chongqing.   There, while reports arrived in fragments and maps were revised hour by hour, Chiang Kai-shek spent long stretches in the operations room watching the situation in Hunan and Hubei develop. He had already ordered the various war zones to support the Ninth War Zone's operations, and now he followed the campaign with intense concentration. His attention moved repeatedly toward reports from the Sixth War Zone and Chen Cheng's counteroffensive toward Yichang, for Yichang was tied not only to local fighting in Hubei but also to the defense of the Yangtze approach and therefore to the security of Chongqing itself. In his mind, Hunan and Hubei had become the focal point of China's war effort in that season.   Meanwhile at the front, the situation was deteriorating fast. Japanese forces pressing into northern Hunan had already imposed severe strain on the Chinese defense. Blocking units had been battered back. Communications were uncertain. Some formations fought stubbornly but could not hold; others dissolved more quickly than hoped. The Japanese advance toward Changsha created exactly the kind of crisis Chinese commanders feared most: one in which the enemy moved with enough force and speed to threaten a major city before a coherent defensive response could be reassembled. Chinese units had to be thrown into action as they arrived, often after exhausting marches, often with incomplete knowledge of the situation, and often under immediate pressure from artillery, aircraft, and aggressive infantry assaults. Yet even at this dangerous stage, the campaign contained an opportunity as well as a threat.   The deeper Japanese units pushed into Hunan, the more exposed their rear became. Supply depots, transport lines, and communications stretched farther behind the spearhead. Chinese formations that had been driven aside were not always destroyed; some remained capable of reappearing to strike roads, depots, and isolated detachments. If Changsha represented the visible center of the struggle, the enemy rear represented its hidden vulnerability. The Chinese aim, therefore, was not simply to defend passively around the city. It was to combine stubborn resistance in front with harassment and disruption behind, so that Japanese advance would become increasingly difficult to sustain. The battle that followed unfolded under these pressures: a threatened city, a strained but unbroken defense, commanders forced to improvise under severe danger, and a wider international war that made every local decision feel heavier than the ground on which it was taken.   This subtle improvement in China's larger situation did not mean safety. China was still battered, under-resourced, and vulnerable. Japanese forces still possessed enormous advantages in mobility, firepower, and air power in many sectors. Large parts of the country remained occupied or threatened. Yet by mid-1941 something in the atmosphere had changed. In July, the American Red Cross sent China medical supplies worth millions of dollars. In August, more than a hundred retired American pilots and mechanics came together to aid China in its struggle against Japan. The air unit they formed would become famous under the name by which China knew them: the Flying Tigers. Their significance exceeded their immediate tactical value. They represented a visible sign that China was not entirely abandoned to isolation.   For Claire Chennault, romantic, aggressive, and optimistic by temperament, the new situation encouraged increasingly bold thoughts. For the first time he included in his planning the idea that Japanese home territory might one day be bombed from bases in China. Such schemes were ambitious and perhaps premature, but their very existence reveals an altered horizon of possibility. A country that imagines striking back is already psychologically in a different position from one concerned only with preventing collapse.     Yichang mattered directly to the fighting in Xiangbei, but it also mattered independently. It was tied to the security of the Yangtze approach and therefore to the defense of Chongqing. It belonged not only to the immediate problem of battlefield maneuver but to the larger question of whether China could do more than absorb Japanese offensives. Could Chinese forces exploit enemy overstretch? Could Japanese advances be turned into liabilities? Could local counterattacks and rear harassment generate effects greater than the raw size of the forces involved? By September 1941, these questions were no longer hypothetical. They were urgent. In Chiang's mind, Hunan and Hubei had become the focal point of China's war effort in that season.   The struggle around Changsha was central to that effort. From Chongqing, Chiang telegraphed Commander Xue Yue of the Ninth War Zone with instructions that made both the danger and the opportunity plain. The message emphasized that the enemy in northern Hunan, though still pressing hard, had already been bravely intercepted by Chinese units and was now exhausted, with lines of advance increasingly difficult to sustain. This, Chiang argued, created an excellent opportunity for Chinese forces to strike at the enemy's rear and seek annihilation rather than mere delay. He urged officers and soldiers alike to remain determined to destroy the enemy. Even if Japanese troops advanced to the vicinity of Changsha itself, Chinese forces were to renew their efforts, maintain their confidence in victory, and prevent the enemy from establishing a foothold.   The telegram also pointed to the broader operational picture. Japanese troops drawn from the sectors of the Fifth and Sixth War Zones had been committed to the invasion of northern Hunan, leaving their rear areas dangerously exposed. The Third, Fifth, and Sixth War Zones had launched supporting offensives on the twenty-third. Therefore, the Ninth War Zone had to strike resolutely and fiercely, preventing the Japanese from coordinating their forces and frustrating any attempt to occupy Changsha. The message was at once exhortation and operational logic. It reflected the core Chinese problem in the campaign: the Japanese thrust was dangerous and had to be blocked, but the very speed and depth of that thrust could also expose the attacker. Yet by the time Chiang sent his instructions, the danger around Changsha was already severe. After the 74th Army had been beaten back, there was no major Chinese force north of the city that could confidently block the Japanese advance in a straightforward, stable line. The Japanese 4th Division, together with the Hayabuchi Detachment, had defeated the 95th Division of the Chinese 37th Army and pushed toward Changsha. The prospect that the city might fall, at least temporarily, was no longer remote.   In response, Xia Chuzhong's 79th Army from the Sixth War Zone was ordered to move toward the city. Its vanguard was Wang Jiaben's 98th Division. That movement was a forced march in the literal sense. It was not a flourish of language but an admission of emergency. Troops were pushed beyond ordinary endurance because there was no time to gather strength under favorable conditions. Changsha could not wait for convenience, rest, or ideal concentration. Either reinforcements arrived in time to fight immediately, or they arrived too late to matter. Wang Jiaben was no stranger to battle. A veteran officer from the Yunnan Army, he had fought the Japanese repeatedly—more than twenty times since the outbreak of the War of Resistance. He belonged to that generation of commanders who had been shaped by the fragmented military politics of Republican China but whose careers were now being rewritten by the national emergency of the anti-Japanese war.   During the First Battle of Changsha, he had already distinguished himself. He led troops in a counterattack along the Tongcheng line in southern Hubei and intercepted retreating Japanese forces at Longmenchang and Changshoujie, killing more than a thousand enemy soldiers. He had experience, reputation, and a sense of what it meant to fight in the Changsha theater. This time he marched from Changde, driving his division forward with all possible speed. By noon on September 26 the 98th Division reached a position about two kilometers northeast of Changsha. There was scarcely time to settle the men. No careful preparation was possible. They had arrived because the city was in danger, and battle began almost at once. At dusk the division engaged the Hayabuchi Detachment.   The fighting continued until late in the night without decisive result. That in itself was costly enough. Troops who have just completed a punishing march are already close to the limits of their endurance. To be thrown immediately into combat magnifies every weakness: thirst, fatigue, confusion, and the difficulty of building fieldworks under pressure. What the soldiers of the 98th Division could do that night, they did with their hands and whatever tools they had. They scraped positions out of the earth. They assembled makeshift cover. Officers moved along the line trying to impose order on terrain that had become a battlefield almost as soon as it was occupied. At dawn on September 27 the Japanese intensified the pressure from the air.   More than twenty aircraft bombed the 98th Division's positions, tearing apart the earthworks that officers and soldiers had spent the night constructing. Bombing had a double effect. Physically, it damaged positions, wounded men, and disrupted preparations. Psychologically, it reminded defenders that they were being observed from above and struck by an enemy against whom they could often do little in the sky. Immediately after the bombing came a fierce infantry assault. Wang Jiaben and several other commanders went down to their respective regiments to supervise the fighting personally. This was dangerous, but under such circumstances commanders often believed that presence itself mattered. When fieldworks are collapsing, shell bursts are continuous, and communications are unreliable, authority must sometimes be carried by a body rather than a wire. The defenders held.   Again and again the Japanese attacked. Again and again they were repulsed only to reorganize and come on once more. Every minute the Chinese line remained in place was bought with blood. Fallen and wounded men were carried rearward in what seemed an endless stream. The cost of resistance accumulated visibly before the eyes of those still fighting. By noon even water could no longer be delivered to the front. That detail reveals the intensity of the battle more clearly than many grander statements could. A line that cannot be supplied even with water has reached a condition of severe strain. During brief pauses in the fighting, officers and soldiers pulled out dry rations and chewed them slowly, swallowing with difficulty while they waited for the next attack. Such moments are among the most characteristic in battle: not the long, smooth continuity imagined in peacetime rhetoric, but brief interludes of miserable necessity between explosions. At two in the afternoon the crisis deepened sharply.   A unit of the Japanese 4th Division worked its way behind the 98th Division's position and attacked from the rear. This was the kind of tactical development every defending commander dreads. A force can endure heavy frontal pressure if its line remains coherent and its rear reasonably secure. But when enemy troops appear behind a position, the entire structure of defense begins to dissolve. There, behind the line, were more than a hundred Chinese wounded awaiting evacuation. Japanese soldiers attacked them with bayonets. One of the wounded Chinese soldiers, already beyond ordinary capacity for resistance, rushed forward and detonated a grenade against a Japanese attacker. It was an act of desperation, but also of defiance. The episode captures something essential about the tone of the battle around Changsha. This was not a neat engagement between organized lines alone. It was a desperate collision in which even the badly wounded were drawn into last resistance. For Wang Jiaben, however, the tactical reality was impossible to deny. If he stayed where he was, the division might be annihilated. Personal courage could not alter encirclement. Resentfully, bitterly, and under the kind of pressure that leaves permanent scars on a commander's memory, he ordered retreat. When he led the survivors off the battlefield, fewer than half his men remained.   Reinforcements from another direction now entered the struggle. The Provisional 2nd Army of the Seventh War Zone dispatched the Provisional 8th Division under Zhang Junsong. At seven in the evening on September 27, Zhang's force arrived at Zuojiatang on the eastern outskirts of Changsha. Personnel of the Ninth War Zone waiting there reported grim news: a Japanese detachment had already entered the city that afternoon, and another detachment was only three kilometers away. The situation invited rashness. A commander arriving near a threatened city at dusk, with reports that the enemy is already inside, may feel compelled to hurl troops forward immediately in a gesture of resolution. Yet night fighting in an urban approach without adequate reconnaissance can turn courage into waste. Zhang Junsong considered the matter carefully. He concluded that to rush blindly into the city at night would likely produce confusion and heavy losses. Instead he first sought to strike the enemy outside the city. His troops deployed quietly and crept forward through the darkness, launching a probing attack. But they soon discovered that the Japanese were fully prepared and not vulnerable to easy surprise. The line could not be broken. With no prospect of success, the force withdrew.   The moment is revealing because it shows how narrow the margin had become. Chinese commanders were trying to recover initiative while still groping through uncertainty. Reports were incomplete, Japanese dispositions difficult to fix, and every hour dangerous. On the evening of September 28, the 79th Army's 6th Provisional Division occupied Yuelu Mountain west of Changsha. From that height officers and soldiers looked across the Xiang River toward the city. Changsha, for the first time, was in Japanese hands. The emotional force of that sight can only be imagined. Changsha had lived for years under threat. It had been defended, contested, prepared, and feared. The possibility of its loss had hovered over military planning and public consciousness alike. Now the danger had become fact. A city that had stood as an object of effort and anxiety was visibly occupied by the enemy. No single feeling could have governed the men who saw it. There must have been anger, shame, weariness, and dread—but also stubbornness. For in war a city seen in enemy hands is not always simply lost. Sometimes it is a summons.   Late that night Zhao Jiping, commander of the 6th Provisional Division, received a telegram from Xue Yue. He read it and then stood before the map for a long time. Days of anxiety began to lift. He was not alone in that reaction. Many Chinese generals involved in the campaign had felt that they were fighting a confused and chaotic battle. Japanese movements had been broad, rapid, and difficult to pin down. The Ninth War Zone had thrown numerous units into blocking actions, yet both well-regarded formations and weaker, improvised units had repeatedly failed to hold. After ten days of combat, Chinese losses were heavy. But Japanese forces too had been worn, stretched, and damaged. Only now, as the Japanese reached the apparent culmination of their advance, did the Ninth War Zone begin to recover rhythm. Chaos did not disappear, but it became more legible. The possibility of a more ordered counteroffensive emerged.   In the early hours of September 29, Zhao Jiping issued the order to force a crossing of the Xiang River and attack the enemy in Changsha. The preparations consumed the entire day. River crossings under combat conditions are among the most delicate operations in war. Boats must be assembled or found. Units must be organized into waves. Timing matters. Surprise matters. The location of landing points matters. The men themselves matter most of all, because they must sit exposed in fragile craft knowing that the real test will begin not in the middle of the river but at the far bank. Late that night the division crossed secretly by boat in six groups. The crossing itself went well enough. The river did not betray them. The groups made progress in darkness. Yet everyone involved understood that smooth movement on the water did not guarantee success. The crucial question was what waited at the landing points. It was expected that the troops going ashore at Daximen would be first to meet the Japanese. Once battle began there, the rest of the crossing accelerated.   Chinese soldiers landed, attacked fiercely, and drove the enemy back from the riverbank. The momentum of the assault mattered. In such moments hesitation on shore can doom an entire crossing, but aggression can seize a foothold before the defender fully stabilizes. By the time Chinese forces entered the city, dawn was breaking. Then came street fighting. Changsha had ceased to be an objective on a map. It became again what cities become in war: a place of corners, walls, alleys, debris, smoke, and sudden death. Fighting in a city strips away much of the abstraction through which campaigns are often remembered. Streets channel movement. Buildings become cover, obstacles, or traps. Distances shrink but danger multiplies. A few men behind masonry can delay many more. Noise magnifies confusion. The city itself seems to fragment into a hundred separate battlefields. For Changsha, the long season of anxious anticipation ended in direct flame.   Yet to understand the campaign only through the struggle at Changsha would be incomplete. While the city drew attention as the central prize, another set of operations was unfolding across Hunan and Hubei—less dramatic in appearance perhaps, but strategically significant. These were the actions of the 27th Army Group under Yang Sen. If the fighting around Changsha demonstrated the pressure of frontal battle, Yang Sen's operations illustrated another principle entirely: the stubborn, opportunistic use of weaker forces to harass, sting, and trouble a stronger enemy from behind. The 27th Army Group was composed largely of Sichuan troops. Their presence speaks to one of the larger political transformations of the war. Republican China had long been fractured by regional militarism. Armies had often owed stronger loyalty to commanders, provinces, or local power structures than to any unified national command. Yet the anti-Japanese war compelled a partial reordering of those loyalties. Many warlord forces, however imperfectly integrated, now turned their weapons outward under Nationalist command.   There were exceptions. Some men, like Han Fuqu, had preserved their own strength at the cost of military responsibility and lost both opportunity and honor in doing so. But in the main, especially among middle and lower-ranking officers and ordinary soldiers, the imperative of national survival overrode provincial identity. Men from distant regions marched and fought in terrains not their own because the war no longer permitted a narrow conception of interest. Yang Sen himself was an old warlord soldier, one of those figures formed in the fractured military world of earlier decades. By 1941 he was deputy commander of the Ninth War Zone and commander-in-chief of the 27th Army Group. Along the Hunan-Hubei-Jiangxi border he had long been cautious in his operations.   At the beginning of the northern Hunan battle, his troops proved unable to withstand the force of the Japanese offensive and retreated in disorder into mountains and forests. That fact should not be softened. They were pushed back. But retreat did not mean disappearance. This is where Yang Sen's role became important. Once the main Japanese force had advanced far ahead, the troops that had scattered began to reemerge. They knew the terrain. They knew the roads, villages, passes, and wooded approaches. If they could not defeat the Japanese in a grand collision, they could search for openings behind the advancing columns.   On September 20, as the Japanese main force drove into the heart of northern Hunan, Yang Sen led elements of the 4th, 58th, and 20th Armies in pursuit for an entire day. The main body of the 4th Army had already been badly beaten at the Xinqiang River line, and only the 60th Division, recently transferred from the 37th Army, remained relatively intact. That single fact sharply defined the weakness of his means. He was not pursuing with fresh and powerful forces prepared for a decisive encounter. He was pursuing with fragments, survivors, and such units as still retained some offensive potential. But the Japanese, intent on rapid advance southward, paid too little attention to what followed behind them. That was the opening Yang Sen needed.   On the morning of September 21, the 60th Division acted on information supplied by an old beggar. Such details often sound almost literary, but they remind us that war in China was never fought by armies alone. Villagers, refugees, peddlers, guides, boatmen, and the destitute all participated in the circulation of military knowledge. A beggar could see what a reconnaissance officer had missed. On the basis of that tip, the 60th Division launched a surprise attack on the supply depot of the Japanese 40th Division at Zhangjiayuan. Division Commander Dong Yu led the action.   The Chinese quickly overwhelmed the more than three hundred Japanese troops guarding the depot. Once they broke in, they discovered an astonishing quantity of matériel: shell boxes, ammunition, food, medicine, gasoline, explosives, protective clothing, telephone wire, body bags, stretchers, and more, all stacked beneath heavy canvas. For men accustomed to scarcity, it must have seemed almost unreal. Dong Yu, delighted, is remembered as exclaiming to his deputy commander, "It's practically a department store!" The line has a momentary comic brightness in the middle of war, and that is part of why it survives. But its deeper significance lies in what it reveals. A modern army advancing deep into hostile territory is sustained by accumulation—ammunition, fuel, wire, medicines, rations, transport materials. To seize such a depot is not merely to take objects. It is to grasp the hidden skeleton of movement. Dong Yu then issued a one-word order: "Move."   At once the whole division became a swarm of carriers. Officers and soldiers grabbed whatever they could and began hauling the captured supplies away. The scene must have been one of extraordinary improvised energy—riflemen transformed into laborers, war reduced for a moment to the brute physical act of lifting, dragging, and carrying. They moved like ants dismantling a storehouse. But there was too much to remove and too little time. Before even two regiments had completed the work, the Japanese returned in force. Enraged, they sent more than a dozen aircraft to bomb the troops carrying off the captured crates, while over a thousand infantrymen rushed in on the ground. Dong Yu immediately ordered the men to abandon what remained and destroy it. Amid deafening explosions, the 60th Division withdrew from Zhangjiayuan. The Japanese pursued hard, driving them back into the mountains before finally stopping. Measured purely in terms of territorial occupation, the action changed little. The Chinese did not hold the depot. They were forced back again. But judged in operational terms, the raid mattered. Supplies had been captured, destroyed, or disrupted. Japanese rear security had been embarrassed. Time and energy had been consumed in response. In a campaign where the Japanese were racing south and depending increasingly on stretched lines, such harassment was not trivial.   After September 23, Yang Sen expanded these efforts. He sent whole divisions to harass the Japanese rear while also dispatching battalions and companies to ambush supply columns and disrupt transport lines. This was not the kind of warfare that produces neat dramatic maps in conventional military histories. The actions were scattered, local, opportunistic, and often inconclusive. Yet precisely for that reason they can be misunderstood. Not every useful military action ends in the destruction of an enemy division. Sometimes its value lies in forcing a stronger opponent to spend attention where he had hoped to spend only momentum. These operations were costly and uncertain. Small Chinese units striking roads and depots risked encirclement or aerial punishment. Yet they possessed one advantage: they did not need to win a grand battle to matter. They needed only to make movement harder, supply more precarious, and the rear less secure.   On September 25, even after the 26th and 37th Armies had suffered defeat elsewhere, Yang Sen gathered the troops that still retained some offensive capacity and launched another attack. In these actions, the 90th Division captured Wukou; the 59th Division reached the north bank of the Miluo River; the 60th Division advanced to Donggang; and elements of the 58th Army controlled the Yuanba–Zheyangqiao highway line by the twenty-sixth. These gains were not the dramatic centerpiece of the campaign. But they formed part of the cumulative pressure on Japanese operations. Every road contested from the rear, every convoy threatened, every depot exposed, and every forced diversion of troops weakened the enemy's ability to convert tactical advance into stable success.   The battlefield was fluid enough that Yang Sen's headquarters itself had to keep moving—from the Miluo River northward to Pingjiang. Mobile headquarters in such conditions lived under constant uncertainty. Reports arrived late or contradictory. Rumors outran facts. The front could bend in unpredictable ways. A command post that seemed safely behind the line in the morning might by afternoon lie only a few kilometers from enemy forces. Years later Mao Jiuyin, who had then served as an operations staff officer under Yang Sen, recalled the old commander's outward behavior in those dangerous days. Yang Sen, Mao remembered, was always joking with the people around him and could still laugh and talk during battle. On one occasion he even joked with his bodyguard about putting chili oil in his tea. To younger staff officers, such behavior appeared almost absurd.   Yet they knew how dangerous their situation often was. Sometimes they were only a few kilometers from the main Japanese forces. There is more than anecdote in this memory. Old commanders often cultivated a style of ease under danger not because they felt no fear, but because they believed visible calm itself was part of command. Men take emotional bearings from those above them. A commander who panics spreads panic faster than any enemy breakthrough. Yang Sen was sixty years old during the Second Battle of Changsha, and he liked to remark that he was five years older than Chiang Kai-shek. Age had not removed him from the front. His function in the campaign was not to shatter the enemy in one decisive frontal blow. It was to persist, reappear, sting, and remain troublesome. The 27th Army Group followed the Japanese nearly all the way to the outskirts of Changsha.   They did not fight many large set-piece engagements. That was never their main value. But the Japanese could not ignore them. If Japanese units turned and tried to hit them directly, they tended to dissolve into the landscape. If the Japanese pushed on and ignored them, they reappeared to sabotage roads, hit supply lines, and create alarms in the rear. Even Japanese official histories later described them memorably. They called them "like a swarm of annoying flies." The phrase was meant as contempt. But as so often happens in war, an insult became an accurate description of effect. If these Chinese troops could not be tigers in formal battle, they could still become intolerable as flies. And under certain conditions—fatigue, heat, uncertainty, stretched supply, shaken morale—flies can become more oppressive than an enemy would like to admit.   When later generations look back on campaigns, they often search for a single explanatory image. But the fighting of September 1941 resists reduction to one symbol alone. What gives the campaign its force in memory is not one isolated episode, but the convergence of several pressures at once: a city under threat, a command trying to coordinate multiple fronts, exhausted reinforcements thrown directly into battle, Japanese forces advancing quickly but becoming increasingly vulnerable the farther they pushed, and Chinese troops in the rear refusing to disappear after defeat. Seen from Chongqing, the campaign was a matter of telegrams, maps, and the management of strategic risk. Seen from the front, it was a matter of thirst, mud, broken fieldworks, sudden bombing, exhausted marching, and the uncertainty of whether the next order meant reinforcement, retreat, or death. Seen from the Japanese side, it was initially an aggressive advance toward an important objective, but one increasingly troubled by stretched supply, difficult terrain, and the persistent reappearance of Chinese forces behind the line of movement.   At the same time, the campaign reveals a Chinese war effort that had become more resilient than in the earliest years of the conflict. The Japanese advance toward Changsha was dangerous and at moments appeared close to success. Chinese blocking forces suffered severe defeats. Units arrived exhausted and were hurled into action at once. Commanders lost men at devastating rates. Changsha itself briefly fell into enemy hands. And yet the city was not simply surrendered as an accomplished fact. Chinese forces regrouped. Orders were coordinated across war zones. Reinforcements marched at desperate speed. Counterattacks were mounted. Forces west of the Xiang prepared and crossed back into the city. Elsewhere, troops under Yang Sen gnawed at the Japanese rear and made advance more costly than a map of front lines alone might suggest. This combination of desperate frontal resistance and incessant rear harassment was one of the characteristic strengths of China's resistance in this stage of the war. China could not always match Japanese power in one concentrated blow. But it could absorb, delay, fragment, and trouble that power across space and time. That is why the struggle around Changsha in late September 1941 deserves to be remembered not merely as a sequence of engagements, but as a layered event in which tactical battle, morale, logistics, political endurance, and international context all converged.   I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. In late September 1941, Japan pushed deeper into China, but Chinese forces—supported gradually by international help—kept resisting. Changsha in Hunan became the central point of the conflict, seen as vital to strategic control in south-central China. Meanwhile, elsewhere in Hunan and Hubei, Yang Sen's 27th Army Group—often using smaller, opportunistic actions—reappeared behind Japanese lines to disrupt depots and convoys. Even when Chinese gains were temporary, the cumulative pressure delayed Japanese momentum.       

David R. Priest walked away from a $13 million, 90-unit deal — and roughly $200,000 out of his own pocket — after discovering the partner set to sign his loan was flagged on Fannie Mae's ineligible list. Three years later, he's General Partner on over 2,000 apartment units and has personally raised $10 million in private capital for multifamily syndications across Texas. In this episode, Logan sits down with David to unpack how that early collapse became the turning point that redirected him into capital raising, the "DEAL" method he uses to screen a deal in under ten minutes — looking at location, operator, and debt long before he ever looks at the numbers — and why he'd rather give investors a "smooth ride" than chase the highest possible return. David also breaks down the counterintuitive reason he treats a $50,000 investor with the same respect as a $500,000 one, and what he's watching for in the Texas multifamily market over the next year. Whether you're trying to raise your first dollar of capital or place your next investment, this is a masterclass in credibility, discipline, and playing the long game.Five key takeaways:Turn failure into fuel. David's first deal — a $13M, 90-unit acquisition he tried to run himself — fell apart when his loan-signing partner turned out to be flagged on Fannie Mae's checklist, costing him close to $200,000. That failure pushed him to pivot into capital raising, where he's since raised over $10 million.Borrow credibility from proven operators. New to the business with no track record, David built credibility by affiliating with experienced, top-tier operators — using the analogy that everyone remembers Steve Jobs, not Apple's number two or three — and by putting his own money into every deal he raises for.Screen deals with the "DEAL" method, numbers last. David evaluates location, the operator's track record, and the debt structure before ever touching the underwriting — letting him say "no" to most deals in under ten minutes and save deep analysis for the one or two that actually deserve it.Communication beats the biggest return. A 2.5x return on a poorly-run oil and gas deal still cost David his willingness to reinvest, because the communication was bad throughout. He argues investors want a "smooth ride" more than they want a rollercoaster with a great payout at the end.Every investor deserves equal respect. A consistent $50,000 check-writer can be more valuable than a one-time $500,000 investor — and in David's own experience, treating a $50K investor well led directly to a referral for his first $500,000 check.About Tim MaiTim Mai is a real estate investor, fund manager, mentor, and founder of HERO Mastermind for REI coaches.He has helped many real estate investors and coaches become millionaires. Tim continues to help busy professionals earn income and build wealth through passive investing.He is also a creative marketer and promoter with incredible knowledge and experience, which he freely shares. He has lifted himself from the aftermath of war, achieving technical expertise in computers, followed by investment success in real estate, management skills, and a lofty position among real estate educators and internet marketers.Tim is an industry leader who has acquired and exited well over $50 million worth of real estate and is currently an investor in over 2700 units of multifamily apartments.Connect with TimWebsite: Capital Raising PartyFacebook: Tim Mai | Capital Raising Nation Instagram: @timmaicomTwitter: @timmaiLinkedIn: Tim MaiYouTube: Tim Mai

How does someone go from working in their family's Italian restaurant to building a $400 million multifamily real estate portfolio? In this episode, Gino Barbaro shares the lessons that transformed his life, from losing money in his first investment to building over 2,000 apartment units with his partner Jake Stenziano. We discuss: - Why today's multifamily market looks surprisingly similar to 2013 - How to build a buy box that helps you avoid bad deals - Why seller financing is making a comeback - What most investors misunderstand about market cycles This conversation combines practical investing advice with the mindset shifts that make success possible. Request a consultation from Hall CPA at go.therealestatecpa.com/3KSEev6 Register for FREE access to the 2026 Hall CPA Tax Strategy Summit: www.taxandlegalsummit.com/2026signup Join the Hall CPA Team: www.therealestatecpa.com/careers/ Connect with Eckard Enterprises: eckardenterprises.com/taxsmartrei/?u…copy_hyperlink Submit your question for Tom & Nathan: go.therealestatecpa.com/question The Tax Smart Real Estate Investors podcast is for general information purposes only and is not intended to provide, and should not be relied on for, tax, legal, or accounting advice. Information on the podcast may not constitute the most up-to-date legal or other information. No reader, user, or listener of this podcast should act or refrain from acting on the basis of information on this podcast without first seeking legal and tax advice from counsel in the relevant jurisdiction. Only your individual attorney and tax advisor can provide assurances that the information contained herein – and your interpretation of it – is applicable or appropriate to your particular situation. Use of, and access to, this podcast or any of the links or resources contained or mentioned within the podcast show and show notes do not create a relationship between the reader, user, or listener and podcast hosts, contributors, or guests. Any mention of third-party vendors, products, or services does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation. You should conduct your own due diligence before engaging with any vendor.

Thema: Wie wird Strategie wieder sichtbar? „Wir müssen aufhören, Strategie als Vorlauf für Kreation zu verstehen.“ In der neuen Episode von #WhatsNextAgencies spricht Kim Alexandra Notz mit Julia Jarosch, Head of Strategy bei Scholz & Friends Hamburg, über die Rolle von Strategie in der Agenturwelt. Julia beschreibt, warum Strategie noch immer häufig als Vorarbeit für Kreation verstanden wird, obwohl ihre eigentliche Aufgabe längst eine andere ist. Es geht nicht darum, Briefings abzuarbeiten, sondern Businessprobleme zu verstehen, Orientierung zu schaffen und die richtigen Fragen zu stellen. Gerade in einer immer komplexeren Marketingwelt wird strategisches Denken damit zu einem entscheidenden Erfolgsfaktor. Im Gespräch geht es außerdem darum, wie sich das Strategie-Gewerk weiterentwickeln muss und welche Fähigkeiten Strateginnen und Strategen künftig brauchen. KI kann Analysen beschleunigen und neue Perspektiven eröffnen, ersetzt aber weder Urteilsvermögen noch Haltung oder die Fähigkeit, komplexe Zusammenhänge in überzeugende Geschichten zu übersetzen. Deshalb spricht Julia auch darüber, wie Strategie-Nachwuchs heute ausgebildet werden sollte. Nicht nur mit Methoden und Tools, sondern vor allem durch Praxis, kritisches Hinterfragen und den Mut, eine eigene Perspektive zu entwickeln. Ein weiterer Schwerpunkt ist die Verbindung von Strategie und Culture. Julia erklärt, warum Cultural Marketing kein Spezialthema einzelner Units sein sollte, sondern von Beginn an Teil strategischer Markenführung sein muss. Denn wer Communities wirklich verstehen will, muss sich langfristig mit ihnen auseinandersetzen, statt sie nur punktuell für Kampagnen zu nutzen.

Charles Spicer recounts how, by September 1938, the amateur spies learned of the Oster Conspiracy, a robust plan by German military and police units to arrest Hitler and prevent war. Spicer argues this was a credible arrangement that could have succeeded had Britain supported the resistance. Instead, Chamberlain's "Plan Zed"—his personal flights to meet Hitler—undermined the conspirators by robbing them of their casus belli. Intelligence regarding this plot reached the cabinet and was referenced in minutes, but it was never acted upon. Consequently, Hitler gained the Sudetenland and vital armament works without a fight, effectively fueling his future war machine. (10)1940

What's behind the push to integrate women into combat roles in the IDF? Is this debate unique to the IDF, or does it reflect broader issues in Israeli society? Does the prohibition of yichud apply inside a tank? How should religious soldiers navigate these challenges? Host: Ari Wasserman with Rabbi Dovid Fendel – Founder and Rosh Yeshiva of the Hesder Yeshiva in Sderot – 14:34 with Rabbi Dovid Stav – Founder and Chairman of Tzohar and Chief Rabbi of Shoham – 34:01 with Rabbi Itai Asman – co-founder of Torat Lechima, promoting Jewish identity in the IDF – 57:17 Conclusions and Takeaways – 1:14:11 מראי מקומות   

What does it take to leave a successful corporate career, raise millions in private capital, and build a diversified commercial real estate business? In this episode, Anjou Martinez shares her journey from CFO to real estate entrepreneur, explaining how she transitioned from single-family investing into multifamily syndications, fund-of-funds, and cash-flowing businesses. She discusses why understanding investor needs is shaping her investment strategy, the importance of building authentic relationships through networking and consistent marketing, how her first capital raise came from simply sharing an opportunity with people she trusted, and why branding, AI, and continuous education have become essential tools for scaling a real estate business. Anjou also offers her perspective on today's multifamily market, fund structures, investor communication, and the mindset required to overcome fear and take action. If you're looking to raise capital, build credibility, and create lasting relationships with investors, this conversation is packed with practical insights you won't want to miss.5 Key TakeawaysWhy investor relationships outperform transactions. Learn how authentic networking and long-term partnerships opened the door to Anjou's first $67M multifamily opportunity.How to successfully raise capital as a first-time syndicator. Discover the mindset and simple approach Anjou used to raise $1.3M on her very first deal.Why branding, marketing, and AI are now competitive advantages. See how consistent content, speaking opportunities, and AI tools help attract investors and build credibility.How investor preferences are changing. Understand why many investors are seeking diversification, shorter investment horizons, and stronger cash-flow opportunities.Why action beats perfection. Hear Anjou's advice on overcoming fear, executing quickly, and continually investing in your own education to accelerate growth.About Tim MaiTim Mai is a real estate investor, fund manager, mentor, and founder of HERO Mastermind for REI coaches.He has helped many real estate investors and coaches become millionaires. Tim continues to help busy professionals earn income and build wealth through passive investing.He is also a creative marketer and promoter with incredible knowledge and experience, which he freely shares. He has lifted himself from the aftermath of war, achieving technical expertise in computers, followed by investment success in real estate, management skills, and a lofty position among real estate educators and internet marketers.Tim is an industry leader who has acquired and exited well over $50 million worth of real estate and is currently an investor in over 2700 units of multifamily apartments.Connect with TimWebsite: Capital Raising PartyFacebook: Tim Mai | Capital Raising Nation Instagram: @timmaicomTwitter: @timmaiLinkedIn: Tim MaiYouTube: Tim Mai

WBEN's Tom Puckett on smoky air's affect on HVAC units full 57 Fri, 17 Jul 2026 07:57:00 +0000 hqBjjPzGLlSkhR35kBpI9B5mcfvMXAM7 news & politics,news WBEN Extras news & politics,news WBEN's Tom Puckett on smoky air's affect on HVAC units Archive of various reports and news events 2024 © 2021 Audacy, Inc. News & Politics News https://player.amperwavepodcasting.com?

Linktree: ⁠⁠https://linktr.ee/Analytic⁠⁠Join The Normandy For Ad-Free NME, Additional Bonus Audio And Visual Content For All Things Nme+! Join Here:⁠⁠ ⁠⁠https://ow.ly/msoH50WCu0K⁠⁠ Join analytic dreamz on Notorious Mass Effect for an in-depth breakdown of Future's tenth solo studio album The Real Me, released July 10, 2026. This 22-track, 59-minute project marks his first solo album in four years since I Never Liked You and features no guest appearances, allowing the Atlanta trap icon to reveal the artist behind his Pluto persona.analytic dreamz examines Future's (Nayvadius DeMun Wilburn) legendary career, from Dungeon Family roots to pioneering auto-tuned melodic trap, multiple No. 1 albums, and Grammy-winning hits. The segment delivers full sales and streaming analysis: projected No. 1 debut on the Billboard 200 with approximately 135K first-week units (23.8 million opening-day Spotify streams), Apple Music dominance with the top 9 and 18 of the top 20 U.S. spots, and strong fan-driven support despite mixed critical reception.Explore how the project is almost entirely streaming-powered, its cultural significance, and Future's continued dominance in the digital era with his 12th potential No. 1 album.Privacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

I wonder if this bizarre, forced bit of advertising worked on anyone. I wonder if anyone saw this gunpla and went "wow, that's true, I DO love Amazon." I guess it's more likely back then than it is now, because like all big American tech companies Amazon is really detested these days. Let this design call back to a simpler time. ...No, not the 00s, that wasn't a simpler time. I dunno, like 300 BCE or something. You can find a video version of this podcast for free on Scanline Media's Patreon! If you want to find us on Bluesky, Dylan is lowpolyrobot.bsky.social and Six is six.scanlinemedia.com. Our opening theme is the Hangar Theme from Gundam Breaker 3, and our ending theme for this episode is Resumption from Gundam Breaker 4. Our podcast art is a fantastic piece of work from Twitter artist @fenfelt. Want to see a list of every unit we've covered from every episode, including variants and tangents? It's right here. The Scanline Media Discord can be found here! Units discussed: amazon.co.jp A-Z Gundam MSZ-006AZ Amazing Z Gundam LGZ-91 Lightning Gundam LGZ-91St Lightning Gundam Strider LGZ-91Fb Lightning Gundam Full Burnern MSZ-006LGT Lightning Zeta Gundam MSZ-006LGT-3 Lightning Zeta Gundam Aspros

Denver’s rental market is telling two very different stories right now. Single-family homes are holding their rent levels year over year, but condos and older multifamily units are getting hit hard. Eric Ross of CRT Management walked through three Denver submarkets that show the split clearly, and the numbers are sobering for anyone holding condo or small multi inventory. Chris Lopez sits down with Eric, who manages 950 doors across the Denver metro and has spent 18 years in local property management. Eric pulled real Zillow data from Aurora North, the 225 and Chambers corridor, and the Wheat Ridge and Lakewood submarket. In one Aurora zip code, there are 48 single-family rentals available compared to 590 condo and multifamily units competing for the same tenants. One-bedroom rents in that pocket have dropped to $745 a month, levels he hasn’t seen in over a decade. Robinwood tells the story even more sharply. Two years ago, Eric was getting nearly $2,700 for a three-bedroom through the Housing Choice Voucher program. Today, those same units are renting closer to $1,895, pricing that takes the complex back to 2018 and 2019 levels. Eric also breaks down why Denver County logged 15,953 eviction filings in 2025, which is up roughly 72% from pre-pandemic levels, and what Colorado’s recent legislation around income requirements, credit checks, and habitability has done to landlord operations. In This Episode We Cover: Why single-family rents are holding while condos and older multi keep softening The Aurora submarket with 590 competing condo and multi listings How the Robinwood rent drop from $2,700 to $1,895 reflects the broader condo market Why HUD did a mid-year Fair Market Rent adjustment in late 2025 How the 2x rent income mandate is driving evictions higher Eviction timelines now running 50 to 90 days depending on notice type A risk mitigation partnership giving landlords up to $10,000 per tenancy in protection Eric also shares his outlook for mid-2027 rents and what he thinks needs to happen for the market to stabilize. Whether you own a single-family rental, a condo, or a small multi in the Denver metro, this conversation gives you the ground-level data you need to make smart decisions through the rest of this cycle. Subscribe to the Denver Real Estate Investing Podcast for new episodes every Tuesday. Watch the Youtube Video https://youtu.be/qiAhYZAzw0s Timestamps 00:00 – Welcome and Eric Ross introduction 02:15 – 2025 vs 2026 rent comparison across unit types 06:08 – Aurora North submarket, 48 single-family vs 590 condos and multi 11:03- Comparing today’s cycle to 2008 12:48 – 225 and Chambers submarket and the Robinwood case study 17:12 – HUD’s mid-year Fair Market Rent adjustment 22:45 – Wheat Ridge and Lakewood submarket breakdown 25:04 – Denver eviction filings up 72% from pre-pandemic 26:35 – How the 2x rent income mandate is driving evictions 30:14- Eviction timelines and the 10-day vs 30-day CARES Act split 34:00 – Violence Against Women Act protections and compliance cases 36:30- The House Bill 1090 utility billback fix 40:03 – Risk mitigation through private and public housing partnerships 47:27 – Rent forecast for mid-2027 Links in Podcast CRT Management Website: CRTManage.comCRT Management Email: info@CRTManage.comEric Ross on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/ericrossindnever/Workforce Housing CoalitionAAMDColorado Coalition for the Homeless Rocky Mountain Human Services

Governor Kathy Hochul signed the nation's first executive order to temporarily suspend the expansion of large AI data centers. WFUV News, Tahlia Pearson, has more on how this order will help New Yorkers with taxes. Pre-K classrooms in New York City will receive special education programs that were previously only available to grades K through twelve. WFUV's Sonia Weliwitigoda has more on the announcement. Just off of 2nd Ave on a quiet side street in the East Village, sits an NYPD parking lot that will soon be turned into 131 affordable housing units. WFUV's Lainey Nguyen spoke with New Yorkers to see how they feel about the project and affordable housing in NYC. Bryant Park's summer movie nights kicked off last night. Seats on the lawn are first-come, first-serve. WFUV's Livia Regina took us to the race to get a spot. Host/Producer: Xenia Gonikberg Editor: Nathan Ray Reporter: Tahlia Pearson Reporter: Sonia Weliwitigoda Reporter: Lainey Nguyen Reporter: Livia Regina Theme Music: Joe Bergsieker

So there's the Lfrith, and then there's the LFRITH. Y'know? I've been swayed by the argument that the XGF-01 and the XGF-02 represent entirely different trees of design- two houses, alike in dignity, or somesuch. So if you want the Aerial, and its predecessor the XGF-02 Lfrith? That's a different episode we'll do someday. Today, it's all about the 01, and its strange children. Two of them made all the stranger by the elements their designers put in that the show entirely discarded. You can find a video version of this podcast for free on Scanline Media's Patreon! If you want to find us on Bluesky, Dylan is lowpolyrobot.bsky.social and Six is six.scanlinemedia.com. Our opening theme is the Hangar Theme from Gundam Breaker 3, and our ending theme for this episode is Resumption from Gundam Breaker 4. Our podcast art is a fantastic piece of work from Twitter artist @fenfelt. Want to see a list of every unit we've covered from every episode, including variants and tangents? It's right here. The Scanline Media Discord can be found here! Units discussed: XGF-01 Gundam Lfrith Pre-Production Model XGF-01[II3] Gundam Lfrith Jiu EDM-GA-01 Gundam Lfrith Ur EDM-GA-02 Gundam Lfrith Thorn AVP-03 Gundam Lfrith Anavata

This week host @Jackgreenstalk (aka @Jack_Greenstalk on X/instagram backup account) [or contact via email: JackGreenstalk47@gmail.com] is joined by @spartangrown on instagram or X f.k.a. Twitter at https://x.com/grown43626 or email spartangrown@gmail.com for contacting spartan outside social media, any alternate profiles on other social medias using spartan's name, and photos are not actually spartan grown be aware,,@drmjcoco from cocoforcannabis.com as well as youtube where he tests and reviews grow lights and has grow tutorials and @drmjcoco on instagram .... This week we missed TheAmericanOne on youtube aka @theamericanone_with_achenes on instagram who's amy aces can be found at amyaces.com Rust Brandon of @fulcrop.sciences / fulcrop.ceo regained @Rust.Brandon instagram page, and products can be found at bokashiearthworks.com , and @NoahtheeGrowa on instagram , Matthew Gates aka @SynchAngel on instagram and twitter @Zenthanol on youtube who offers IPM direct chat for $1 a month on patreon.com/zenthanol , and @ATG Acres Aaron The Grower aka @atgacres his products can be found at atgacres.com view his instagram to find out details about drops!

Gino Barbaro is a best-selling author and co-founder of Jake & Gino, but he did not start there. He opened a restaurant with his family in 1994, lost money on his early real estate deals, and only found his footing when he partnered with Jake, set hard parameters, and built a repeatable process for buying multifamily from mom-and-pop owners. That framework carried them through the last cycle without the blowups so many operators are living through now. Today Gino has transacted more than 2,600 units, owns 1,900, and his students have closed over 90,000 units and raised more than $800 million. This week on Real Estate Underground, Gino sits down with Ed Mathews to talk about the mindset underneath the numbers. His through line is simple and uncomfortable: money does not corrupt a person, it reveals them. And the reason two investors with the same deal get different outcomes usually comes down to what Gino calls financial flashpoints, the money memories each of us was raised inside. Save for a rainy day, money does not grow on trees, it takes money to make money. Gino spent years unlearning those beliefs before he could raise capital, syndicate, and build the portfolio he has now. What you will learn: Why your relationship with money, not your spreadsheet, decides whether you close deals, and how to spot the beliefs quietly holding you back. The mind shift from starting a business to make money to starting one to deliver value, and why Gino says it is the difference between one restaurant and six. Why the market moved from valuation through renovation to valuation through operations, and what that means for how you win now. The velocity of money, why you only make money when you exit, and the three things worth doing with capital after a sale. And why no deal is better than a bad deal, and how the ten-minute no became a superpower in a market where sellers still think it is 2021. Gino also shares the money-coaching business he is building with his wife and son at Barbaro360, why he believes legacy is not something you leave behind but something you activate today, and the six-acre farm in Florida where he goes to get his hands dirty. As he puts it, if you want to learn from someone, just make sure they are still doing it right now. If you are an operator trying to build something that lasts, this one is full of hard-won lessons from someone still in the work. Chapters 00:00 Your relationship with money starts everything 00:59 Welcome to Real Estate Underground 01:40 The name, and using AI as a force multiplier 02:40 Life before and after Jake and Gino 03:40 Money does not corrupt you, it reveals you 04:40 Why you really start a business: value for the marketplace 06:00 A stuck market and the grit AI can cost you 07:40 No motivated seller, no deal 10:40 Financial flashpoints: the money memories that shape you 14:30 Wealth is an exchange of value 16:20 Valuation through renovation vs valuation through operations 19:40 Velocity of money: what to do after you exit 22:40 Paying down debt as a legacy play 24:40 Retail, industrial, and the discipline to wait 29:20 The final five: purpose, mentors, and the biggest mistake 35:40 This week's book and where to find Gino This week's book: The Psychology of Money by Morgan Housel https://www.amazon.com/Psychology-Money-Timeless-lessons-happiness/dp/0857197681?tag=clarkstholdin-20 More Real Estate Underground episodes: clarkst.com/podcast Elevista: elevista.com/podcast Elevista - Speed as a Service™Elevista Connect is the first AI-powered lead conversion system built for real estate investors.

Australia's property market has changed gears again.   For the last few years, we've had a market driven by strong population growth, a chronic shortage of homes, tight rental markets and buyers who were desperate to get in before prices moved further away from them.   But according to Domain's latest FY2027 Forecast Report, we're now entering a very different phase.   Sydney and Melbourne house prices are forecast to fall over the next year, and Canberra is also expected to soften.   At the same time, Brisbane, Adelaide and Perth are still forecast to grow, although at a much slower pace than we've seen over the last couple of years.   And interestingly, Domain expects units to outperform houses in many of our capital cities as affordability pressures reshape the way Australians buy property.   Now, I know some people will hear this and think, "Here we go again, the market is about to fall." But that's not the way I see it.   This is not one national property market moving in one direction. It is a collection of very different markets, at different stages of their cycles, being influenced by interest rates, borrowing capacity, supply shortages, buyer confidence and changing investor behaviour.   And for property investors, that distinction matters.   Because averages can be misleading. Headlines can be dangerous. And forecasts are useful only if you understand the assumptions behind them.   Today I chat with Dr Nicola Powell about Australia's property market and the latest Domain forecast.   We unpack why the market is fragmenting across capital cities and what that means for buyers and investors.   We look at how interest rates, borrowing capacity, and rising supply are changing market conditions.   We discuss why houses and units are now moving in different directions, especially in Sydney and Melbourne.   We explore why long-term investors should focus on cycles, location, and strategy rather than short-term headlines.   Takeaways  • Australia's property market is fragmenting, with each capital city following different conditions. • Higher interest rates have reduced borrowing capacity and cooled buyer urgency. • Sydney and Melbourne are more sensitive to rate changes because prices are already high. • Rising supply is shifting negotiating power toward buyers in several markets. • Price downturns are usually shorter and milder than the growth phases before them. • Undersupply and construction costs continue to support medium-term property values. • Units are expected to outperform houses as affordability pressures intensify. • Well-located, owner-occupier-style apartments usually hold up better than investor stock. • Brisbane's rapid growth has pushed unit prices toward Sydney-level territory. • Long-term success comes from patience, quality buying, and riding market cycles.   Links and Resources:   Answer this week's trivia question here - https://www.propertytrivia.com.au/ ·        Win a hard copy of Michael Yardney's Guide to Investing Successfully. ·        Everyone wins a copy of a fully updated property report – What's ahead for property for 2026 and beyond.   Get a bundle of eBooks and Reports at: www.PodcastBonus.com.au    Get the team at Metropole Wealth Advisory to create a Strategic Wealth plan for your needs. Click here and have a chat with us     Michael Yardney Subscribe to my Property Update newsletter here.   Dr Nicola Powell - Chief of Research & Economics for Domain: https://www.domain.com.au/news/author/dr-nicola-powell/   Domain's FY27 Forecast Report: https://www.domain.com.au/research/forecast-report-2027-1525739/   Domain's Property Cycle Report: https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ffx.adcentre.com.au/domain/2026/QuickTakes/Domain_PriceCycle_Jul2026.pdf     Also, please subscribe to my other podcast Demographics Decoded with Simon Kuestenmacher – just look for Demographics Decoded wherever you are listening to this podcast and subscribe so each week we can unveil the trends shaping your future.   About The Michael Yardney Podcast | Property Investment And Wealth Creation  Australia   The Michael Yardney Podcast is one of Australia's leading property investment podcasts, helping investors understand the Australian property market and build long-term wealth through strategic property investing.   Each week we explore: • Australian property market updates• Property investment strategies in Australia• Melbourne property market trends• Sydney property market forecasts• Brisbane property investment opportunities• Capital growth property strategies• Property cycles in Australia• Negative gearing and tax strategy• Interest rates and their impact on property• Buyer's agent insights and investment planning   If you're serious about building a high-performance property portfolio and creating financial freedom through real estate, this podcast will give you the clarity and strategy you need.   Learn more at:https://propertyupdate.com.auhttps://metropole.com.au

I give my top 10 head coaches and my top 5 offensive line units. I also give my thoughts on Vic Fangio's interesting comments on the Exciting Mics podcast.https://sportspyder.com/nfl/philadelphia-eagles/news?pid=4349

Chris Mack ranks the best defensive line units heading into the 2026 season.

What if stroke treatment could begin before a patient even reaches the hospital? In this episode, Dr. Ritvij Bowry, board-certified neurologist and Associate Professor at UTHealth Houston, explains how mobile stroke units—ambulances equipped with CT scanners and expert teams—are transforming emergency stroke care and improving recovery outcomes when every second counts. With a focus on neurocritical care, vascular neurology, and acute neurological emergencies, Dr. Bowry shares insights from his groundbreaking research, including the BEST-MSU study, which evaluates the benefits of delivering stroke treatment directly in the field. In this conversation, we explore: ·       Early interventions that can dramatically improve stroke recovery. ·       The three types of stroke and why treatment approaches differ. ·       The two most commonly used medications for acute stroke care. ·       How mobile stroke units and field-based interventions are shaping the future of emergency medicine. Whether you're a healthcare professional, patient advocate, or interested in the latest innovations in neurology, this episode provides a front-row seat to the future of rapid, life-saving stroke care. Learn more about Dr. Ritvij Bowry here. Episode also available on Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/38oMlMr 

Former attorney Justin Spillers shares how he transitioned into full time real estate investing and built a vertically integrated multifamily company across western Ohio. Justin explains how his team identifies apartment communities with significant rent upside, renovates units at incredible speed, and stabilizes properties in roughly 12 months. He also discusses the importance of focus, avoiding distractions, and building internal systems that support rapid growth. The conversation includes a deep dive into his preferred equity fund that won first place at the Best Ever Pitch Fest, including the structure, investor benefits, and why years of self funding helped establish a strong track record before raising outside capital.

House prices are falling across most of our capital cities right now, and the rate of decline is actually picking up speed.   Now, I know what the headlines are going to say about that. They'll call it a crash, a correction, a crisis — and frankly, most of those headlines will be written to scare you, not inform you.   So what's really going on? Is this the beginning of something serious, or is this just a market catching its breath after three extraordinary years of growth?   Today, I cut through the noise as I am joined by Dr. Andrew Wilson Chief Economist at My Housing Market, who's been tracking Australian property cycles for decades. He's the person I turn to every month for the numbers that actually matter.   In this episode we discuss the latest shifts in Australia's property markets and what they mean for investors.   We unpack why capital city house prices are easing after a strong run, with higher rates, affordability pressure, and weaker confidence all playing a role.   We look at how Australia's property market remains highly fragmented, with some cities softening faster while others are still holding up well.   And we discuss why tight rental vacancies continue to push rents higher, even as buyers and sellers become more cautious.   We also explore why units are outperforming houses in many locations, and why that matters for investors navigating a winter market.   Takeaways    • Australia's market is pausing after strong gains, not entering a collapse. • Higher interest rates have reduced borrowing power and cooled buyer demand. • Affordability pressures are pushing many buyers out of expensive house markets. • Melbourne's top end has weakened, dragging broader median results lower. • Perth still shows strong annual growth despite a recent easing in momentum. • Units are outperforming houses in many capital city markets right now. • Low vacancy rates are continuing to put upward pressure on rents. • Chronic housing undersupply is the key long-term support for prices. • Strong migration is adding fresh demand to already tight housing markets. • Confidence usually returns before the spring selling season begins.   Links and Resources:   Answer this week's trivia question here - https://www.propertytrivia.com.au/ ·        Win a hard copy of How To Grow A Multi-Million Dollar Property Portfolio In Your Spare Time. ·        Everyone wins a copy of a fully updated property report – What's ahead for property for 2026 and beyond.   Get a bundle of eBooks and Reports at: www.PodcastBonus.com.au   Get the team at Metropole to help build your personal Strategic Property plan. Click here and have a chat with us.     Michael Yardney – Subscribe to my Property Update newsletter here     Also, please subscribe to my other podcast Demographics Decoded with Simon Kuestenmacher – just look for Demographics Decoded wherever you are listening to this podcast and subscribe so each week we can unveil the trends shaping your future. Or click here: https://demographicsdecoded.com.au/   About The Michael Yardney Podcast | Property Investment And Wealth Creation Australia   The Michael Yardney Podcast is one of Australia's leading property investment podcasts, helping investors understand the Australian property market and build long-term wealth through strategic property investing.   Each week we explore: • Australian property market updates • Property investment strategies in Australia • Melbourne property market trends • Sydney property market forecasts • Brisbane property investment opportunities • Capital growth property strategies • Property cycles in Australia • Negative gearing and tax strategy • Interest rates and their impact on property • Buyer's agent insights and investment planning   If you're serious about building a high-performance property portfolio and creating financial freedom through real estate, this podcast will give you the clarity and strategy you need.   Learn more at:https://propertyupdate.com.auhttps://metropole.com.au

Chris Mack continues his offseason position rankings with his look at the best offensive line units in football.

Following up on the rent freeze vote, David Brand, housing reporter for WNYC and Gothamist, shares his reporting on the recent tally of rent-stabilized units sitting empty in New York City.    Photo: NEW YORK, NEW YORK - MAY 11: A 'for rent' sign hangs from an apartment building in the East Village neighborhood on May 11, 2026 in New York City. A New York City board that sets the rent for city-subsidized apartments voted last Thursday night to set a preliminary rent adjustment of 0% to 2% for one-year leases and 0% to 4% for two-year leases, angering many of the city's landlords. New York City Mayor Zohran Mamdani, a Democratic Socialist, made reducing New York City's high housing costs a key campaign pledge. (Photo by Spencer Platt/Getty Images)     Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

What turns a unit into an elite? Is it rigorous selection, a hard-earned reputation, or simply being thrown into the fiercest fighting and surviving? In today's episode, we search for the answer through the story of the Blue Devils of the Vosges. From the Chasseurs to the Corps Francs, we'll explore what the French considered to be their elite units of the First World War. Join Our Community: ⁠https://not-so-quiet.com/⁠ Use our code: Dugout and get one month free as a Captain. Support via Paypal:⁠ https://battleguide.co.uk/nsq-paypal⁠ Do you like our podcast? Then please leave us a review, it helps us a lot! E-Mail: ⁠nsq@battleguide.co.uk⁠ Battle Guide YouTube Channel:⁠ https://www.youtube.com/@BattleGuideVT⁠ Our WW2 Podcast:⁠ https://battleguide.co.uk/bsow⁠ If you want to keep your finger on the pulse of what the team at Battle Guide have been getting up to, why not sign up to our monthly newsletter:⁠ ⁠https://battleguide.co.uk/newsletter⁠ Twitter: @historian1914 @DanHillHistory @BattleguideVT Credits: - Host: Dr. Spencer Jones & Dan Hill - Guest: James Taub - Production: Linus Klaßen - Editing: Sander van Kammen Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The age of the gunner is over, the age of the gunner has just begun. By listener request, Dylan and I dive into one of the most OG of machines in Gundam- the original Zeon tank, the Magella Attack. It... never achieves anything of note, besides perhaps being turned into a gun for a Zaku. But still, the Magella is foundational to Zeon design, and just a fun guy besides. You can find a video version of this podcast for free on Scanline Media's Patreon! If you want to find us on Bluesky, Dylan is lowpolyrobot.bsky.social and Six is six.scanlinemedia.com. Our opening theme is the Hangar Theme from Gundam Breaker 3, and our ending theme for this episode is Resumption from Gundam Breaker 4. Our podcast art is a fantastic piece of work from Twitter artist @fenfelt. Want to see a list of every unit we've covered from every episode, including variants and tangents? It's right here. The Scanline Media Discord can be found here! Units discussed: HT-01B Magella Attack HT-01B Magella Attack (08th MS Team) HT-01B Magella Attack (IGLOO 2) Magella Eins

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vdLMXFwx2tg Pirates Orioles Blue Jays Rays Mets Guardians Braves Padres Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

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Sometimes it's just one robot! That's ok. We all deserve a break sometimes. …Of course, we didn't take one, we just recorded a second ep immediately after this one, and I'll get that edited in the next day or two. But in theory we're allowed breaks! The Neodu is cool and I hope the next Build show, whenever that happens, gives us a fun variant of it. You can find a video version of this podcast for free on Scanline Media's Patreon! If you want to find us on Bluesky, Dylan is lowpolyrobot.bsky.social and Six is six.scanlinemedia.com. Our opening theme is the Hangar Theme from Gundam Breaker 3, and our ending theme for this episode is Resumption from Gundam Breaker 4. Our podcast art is a fantastic piece of work from Twitter artist @fenfelt. Want to see a list of every unit we've covered from every episode, including variants and tangents? It's right here. The Scanline Media Discord can be found here! Units discussed: Neodu

In today's RaiseMasters Radio episode, I sit down with Jullion Cooper to break down how he went from owning a handful of single-family rentals to closing his first 23-unit multifamily deal in just a few months while living overseas. We talk about urgency, overcoming the fear of raising capital, and the mindset shifts that made rapid growth possible. Tune in if you want to stop waiting and start taking action on bigger deals. Resources mentioned in the episode: Jullion Cooper Website Instagram Interested in learning how to take your capital raising game to the next level? Meet us at Capital Raiser's Edge. Learn more here: https://raisingcapital.com/cre

What separates investors who thrive through multiple market cycles from those who get left behind? In this episode, Maureen Miles shares the real-world lessons behind acquiring more than 3,500 multifamily units, raising over $75 million in private equity, and strategically exiting most of her portfolio near the height of the market. Drawing from decades of experience in construction, property management, syndication, and asset management, Maureen reveals how she transitioned from buying small multifamily properties to scaling a portfolio worth hundreds of millions of dollars. She discusses the importance of operational excellence, conservative underwriting, recognizing market signals, building the right partnerships, and why education and networking have been instrumental throughout her journey. Whether you're acquiring your first deal or preparing to scale your portfolio, this conversation delivers practical insights from someone who has successfully navigated multiple real estate cycles.1. Operational Excellence Creates Long-Term Success Acquiring a property is only the beginning. Maureen explains why construction knowledge, property management, asset management, and controlling operating expenses are what ultimately determine a deal's success. 2. Market Cycles Reward Disciplined InvestorsMaureen shares the warning signs that led her to exit much of her portfolio near the peak of the market, including compressed cap rates, aggressive bridge debt, and pricing that no longer made operational sense. 3. The Biggest Deals Require the Right TeamMoving from small multifamily properties to large apartment communities became possible by partnering with experienced operators, surrounding herself with strong teams, and leveraging complementary expertise. 4. Networking Can Open Life-Changing OpportunitiesHer first large multifamily acquisition came through relationships built at industry events. She emphasizes that conferences and networking often create opportunities that can't be found elsewhere. 5. Conservative Investing Protects WealthThroughout the conversation, Maureen stresses the importance of conservative underwriting, understanding construction costs, planning for downside scenarios, and never chasing deals simply to increase portfolio size.About Tim MaiTim Mai is a real estate investor, fund manager, mentor, and founder of HERO Mastermind for REI coaches.He has helped many real estate investors and coaches become millionaires. Tim continues to help busy professionals earn income and build wealth through passive investing.He is also a creative marketer and promoter with incredible knowledge and experience, which he freely shares. He has lifted himself from the aftermath of war, achieving technical expertise in computers, followed by investment success in real estate, management skills, and a lofty position among real estate educators and internet marketers.Tim is an industry leader who has acquired and exited well over $50 million worth of real estate and is currently an investor in over 2700 units of multifamily apartments.Connect with TimWebsite: Capital Raising PartyFacebook: Tim Mai | Capital Raising Nation Instagram: @timmaicomTwitter: @timmaiLinkedIn: Tim MaiYouTube: Tim Mai

Linktree: ⁠⁠https://linktr.ee/Analytic⁠⁠Join The Normandy For Ad-Free NME, Additional Bonus Audio And Visual Content For All Things Nme+! Join Here:⁠⁠ ⁠⁠https://ow.ly/msoH50WCu0K⁠⁠ In this segment of Notorious Mass Effect, Analytic Dreamz delivers a concise breakdown of Olivia Rodrigo earning her third consecutive No. 1 album on the Billboard 200. Olivia Rodrigo's “you seem pretty sad for a girl so in love” debuts at No. 1 with a massive 485,000 equivalent album units in its first week, including 273,000 pure sales and 218.41 million streams. This marks her biggest opening week ever, her strongest sales week, and the largest first-week by any solo artist in 2026.Analytic Dreamz breaks down the vinyl surge (164,000 copies), record-breaking streaming numbers, international dominance, and how Olivia ended Drake's four-week run at the top. From career growth across SOUR, GUTS, and now this project to the upcoming Unraveled Tour, this segment covers every key stat and chart impact.Tune in for the full data-driven analysis on Olivia Rodrigo's latest historic achievement. Privacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

In this episode of The Kash and Dash Show, hosts Ted Kaasch and Owen Dashner sit down with Darin Zuhlke, a full-time real estate investor with 126 units and nearly $20 million in assets under ownership.Darin shares how he went from growing up on a family farm to building a real estate business across eastern Nebraska. The conversation covers creative finance, business credit, private money, multifamily investing, flips, rent-to-own deals, and why rental properties are often better for long-term wealth than quick monthly income.But this episode goes way beyond the numbers.Darin opens up about burnout, isolation, drifting away from his core values, hiring help, building a team, strengthening his marriage, and learning that growth means nothing if it costs you your purpose. He also shares the story behind buying a large family home in Omaha, creating a legacy for his family, and why community matters more than most investors realize.This is a real conversation about business, faith, family, leadership, and doing things differently in an industry that can pressure people to cut corners.If you are building a business, chasing financial freedom, or trying to grow without losing yourself in the process, this episode is worth the listen.Listen now and subscribe to The Kash and Dash Show on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, and YouTube so you do not miss future episodes.You can Join the Omaha REIA - https://omahareia.com/join-todayOmaha REIA on Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/groups/OmahaREIACheck out the National REIA - https://nationalreia.org/ Find Ted Kaasch at www.tedkaasch.com Owen Dashner on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/owen.dashner Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/odawg2424/ Red Ladder Property Solutions - www.sellmyhouseinomahafast.com Liquid Lending Solutions - www.liquidlendingsolutions.com Owen's Blogs - www.otowninvestor.com www.reiquicktips.com Propstream - https://trial.propstreampro.com/reianebraska/Timber Creek Virtual - https://timbercreekvirtual.com/services/MagicDoor - https://magicdoor.com/reia/...

Antonio de la Torre shares his journey from real estate enthusiast to developer in Guatemala, highlighting the opportunities in small, modern units and the advantages of investing in developing markets like Guatemala City. He discusses market specifics, investment strategies, and future plans in the US.   Professional Real Estate Investors - How we can help you: Investor Fuel Mastermind:  Learn more about the Investor Fuel Mastermind, including 100% deal financing, massive discounts from vendors and sponsors you're already using, our world class community of over 150 members, and SO much more here: http://www.investorfuel.com/apply   Investor Machine Marketing Partnership:  Are you looking for consistent, high quality lead generation? Investor Machine is America's #1 lead generation service professional investors. Investor Machine provides true 'white glove' support to help you build the perfect marketing plan, then we'll execute it for you…talking and working together on an ongoing basis to help you hit YOUR goals! Learn more here: http://www.investormachine.com   Coaching with Mike Hambright:  Interested in 1 on 1 coaching with Mike Hambright? Mike coaches entrepreneurs looking to level up, build coaching or service based businesses (Mike runs multiple 7 and 8 figure a year businesses), building a coaching program and more. Learn more here: https://investorfuel.com/coachingwithmike   Attend a Vacation/Mastermind Retreat with Mike Hambright: Interested in joining a "mini-mastermind" with Mike and his private clients on an upcoming "Retreat", either at locations like Cabo San Lucas, Napa, Park City ski trip, Yellowstone, or even at Mike's East Texas "Big H Ranch"? Learn more here: http://www.investorfuel.com/retreat   Property Insurance: Join the largest and most investor friendly property insurance provider in 2 minutes. Free to join, and insure all your flips and rentals within minutes! There is NO easier insurance provider on the planet (turn insurance on or off in 1 minute without talking to anyone!), and there's no 15-30% agent mark up through this platform!  Register here: https://myinvestorinsurance.com/   New Real Estate Investors - How we can work together: Investor Fuel Club (Coaching and Deal Partner Community): Looking to kickstart your real estate investing career? Join our one of a kind Coaching Community, Investor Fuel Club, where you'll get trained by some of the best real estate investors in America, and partner with them on deals! You don't need $ for deals…we'll partner with you and hold your hand along the way! Learn More here: http://www.investorfuel.com/club   —--------------------

Last time we spoke about the battle of Shanggao. From late March to early April 1940, Japanese forces attacked Shanggao in Jiangxi with a multi‑pronged offensive. Chinese commanders used elastic defense and coordinated counter-moves, trading space for time through layered positions until the Japanese advanced into prepared strongpoints. As the 34th Division moved toward the town, assaults repeatedly hit ridges and bridge lines held by the 74th Corps. Heavy air strikes caused chaos, but timely flank redeployments prevented a decisive breakthrough. During the crisis around March 21–24, Chinese units maneuvered an encirclement and executed a controlled breakout at the critical moment. After intense fighting and bombing, the Japanese were routed and fell back to their original positions. The wider war did not change, yet Shanggao proved that disciplined Chinese planning could reverse Japanese offensives against superior initiative and numbers.   #207 Battle of Zhongtiao Mountain Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. By the spring of 1941, the War of Resistance against Japan had been grinding for nearly four years, and the map of China looked increasingly like a wound. Japan controlled the coastal cities, the major river valleys, and most of the productive lowland plains of the north and east. The Nationalist government had retreated far inland to Chongqing, governing a rump state of mountainous hinterland, foreign sympathies, and diminishing resources. The war had long since ceased to look like a conventional conflict between organized fronts and had settled into something grimmer and more ambiguous — a slow war of attrition fought in the mud and rocks of the Chinese interior, punctuated by Japanese offensives designed not to end the war but to compress it, to squeeze the Nationalists tighter with each season until surrender became a rational calculation rather than a humiliation. Japan had tried other methods first. In the late 1930s, Tokyo made serious overtures to Chiang Kai-shek's government, proposing a negotiated settlement that would see China aligned with Japan and the puppet Wang Jingwei government elevated as the vehicle for that arrangement. Chiang refused. He had gambled, and would continue to gamble, that the war in Europe would eventually draw in the Western powers, that American patience with Japanese aggression would run out, and that time was ultimately on China's side. The strategy required suffering in the present to buy survival in the future. Germany's invasion of Poland in September 1939 and the subsequent expansion of war across Europe only reinforced Japan's desire to accelerate its operations in China before the international situation made them impossible. By 1940, Japan signaled it intended to resolve the "China Incident" — the bureaucratic euphemism it used to avoid officially acknowledging that it was fighting a full-scale war — once and for all. The question was where. The front was hundreds of miles long. The Japanese army in China was stretched thin despite its nominal strength. Spectacular victories in the lowlands had failed to produce the political capitulation Tokyo expected. And in the mountains of Shanxi Province, a particular irritant had been festering for three years — one that the Japanese could neither ignore nor seem to dislodge. The Zhongtiao Mountains rise along the southern edge of Shanxi Province, running roughly east to west for some two hundred miles, forming a natural wall between the loess plateaus of Shanxi and the plains of northern Henan below. The range is not dramatic by Chinese standards — it is not the soaring, cloud-piercing landscape of Sichuan or Yunnan — but it is rugged, deeply ridged, and extraordinarily difficult to move through quickly. For a defending army with knowledge of the terrain, the Zhongtiao range was close to ideal. For an attacker, especially one dependent on mechanized firepower and coordinated logistics, it was a nightmare. Chinese forces had occupied the Zhongtiao Mountains since 1938, following the fall of Taiyuan and the retreat of Nationalist forces from the broader Shanxi campaign. At a moment when much of northern China was collapsing around them, the garrison there dug in and refused to move. Over the following three years, the Japanese Army mounted thirteen separate offensives against the Zhongtiao position. All thirteen failed. The mountains held. Chinese soldiers would later call it the "Eastern Maginot Line," a nickname that was simultaneously a boast and, in retrospect, a warning — the original Maginot Line, after all, had also been considered impregnable until the enemy simply went around it. But the strategic importance of Zhongtiao went beyond prestige. The mountains commanded the northern approach to the Yellow River crossings — the great geographic boundary that separated Japanese-controlled northern China from the Nationalist-held central and western regions. From their positions in the mountains, Chinese troops could threaten Japanese supply lines, protect their own river logistics, and maintain at least a symbolic presence north of the Yellow River. As long as the Zhongtiao garrison held, Japan could not claim complete control of northern China. It was also a potential launching point for a Chinese counteroffensive, should one ever become possible. The Japanese understood this perfectly. By 1940, eliminating the Zhongtiao position had become not merely desirable but strategically necessary. The First War Zone command responsible for the Zhongtiao garrison was, at least on paper, an imposing force. Between 170,000 and 180,000 men were deployed across the mountain range and its approaches, drawn from multiple armies and organized into several large groupings. The 5th Army Group under Zeng Wanzhong held the central area. The 14th Army Group under Liu Maoen operated in the eastern sector. The 4th Army Group, known as the "Iron Pillar of Zhongtiao" for its tenacious defense of the position over three years, was stationed as the backbone of the force. Individual armies were spread across specific nodes: Pei Changhui's 9th Army at Jiyuan in northern Henan; Zhao Shiling's 43rd Army at Yuanqu at the southernmost tip of Shanxi; Tang Huaiyuan's 3rd Army and Kong Lingxun's 80th Army in the Wenxi and Xiaxian areas; Wu Shimin's 98th Army at Dongfeng Town; Wu Tinglin's 15th Army near Gaoping. The man responsible for holding all of this together was Wei Lihuang, a gifted commander and one of Chiang Kai-shek's most capable generals. Wei had organized the Zhongtiao defense from the beginning, and his strategic instincts were widely respected. He was, by most accounts, the indispensable figure in the garrison's survival. The problem was that Wei had made powerful enemies. His refusal to participate in anti-Communist friction operations — at a time when the Nationalist government was increasingly focused on neutralizing the Communists even at the cost of Japanese resistance — had alienated him from a circle of powerful rivals, including the influential Hu Zongnan. Outmaneuvered at court, Wei was summoned to Chongqing in early 1941 and, under the pretext of strategic consultations, was effectively detained at Mount Emei. He never returned to his command in the Zhongtiao Mountains. The army he had built was left without its architect. The garrison that remained was compromised far beyond its missing commander, however. Three years of static defense had created conditions that corroded military discipline in predictable and insidious ways. Supply lines were unreliable, rations were short, and the soldiers garrisoning remote mountain positions had turned, by necessity and then by habit, to the local economy to sustain themselves. A bustling illicit trade in grain and opium had sprung up across the mountain zone, with Chinese troops selling what they could and buying what they needed from merchants who operated equally comfortably on both sides of the Japanese-Chinese frontier. This was not merely a logistical failure. It meant that Japanese intelligence had abundant commercial cover to infiltrate the garrison area, that security was a fiction, and that the defensive posture of the entire force had quietly shifted from warlike readiness to something closer to bureaucratic occupation. The Japanese had not missed any of this. For months before the offensive, Japanese intelligence agents had worked their way into the garrison's supply networks, trading relationships, and eventually its command structure itself. Japanese special forces had identified key headquarters positions. Informants had mapped the positions of individual units, traced the routes between them, and assessed the readiness of the men holding them. By the spring of 1941, Japanese planners believed, with considerable justification, that they could paralyze the entire Chinese command system within an hour of opening fire. This was not boasting. It was reconnaissance. Back in Chongqing, the intelligence picture was worse than unclear — it was actively distorted. The Nationalist intelligence apparatus issued warnings about Japanese troop movements near the Zhongtiao perimeter in April 1941, but the warnings were partial, their significance disputed, and the political will to act on them absent. A series of conferences were convened at Luoyang, the regional headquarters. Fortification orders were issued. Additional supplies were promised. Almost none of the follow-through actually materialized. The garrison's most powerful formation, the 4th Army Group, had already been transferred away from the area. Its absence left a hole in the defensive line that no amount of paper orders could fill. On the Japanese side, the operation that would eliminate the Zhongtiao garrison was carefully and systematically prepared. It was codenamed the "Central Plains Campaign" — a name that reflected its true ambition, which was not merely to take a mountain range but to reshape the strategic geography of the entire region. The operation was assigned to the North China Area Army under Lieutenant General Tada Shun, an experienced commander who had studied the Zhongtiao problem for years and had a clear understanding of why previous offensives had failed. The core of the attacking force was seven divisions: the 33rd, 35th, 36th, 37th, 41st, and 21st Divisions, along with several independent mixed brigades, puppet Chinese formations, cavalry, and a substantial artillery and air component. The 3rd Air Group, operating from airfields at Yuncheng and Xinxiang, would provide tactical air support throughout the operation. In total, the frontline assault force numbered approximately 100,000 men. This was not a repeat of the previous thirteen offensives, in which the Japanese had probed and pressed at the mountains frontally. This was a comprehensive annihilation plan. Tada's design exploited the geographic shape of the Zhongtiao position itself. The Chinese garrison occupied a roughly crescent-shaped area, with its back to the Yellow River and its front facing north and east into Japanese-held territory. The obvious previous approach — attacking from the north — had failed repeatedly because the terrain favored the defenders. Tada's solution was to attack from three directions simultaneously, with the town of Yuanqu on the Yellow River as the primary objective. Yuanqu was the hinge of the entire Chinese position: it controlled the main river crossings, served as the central supply point for the garrison, and sat at the narrowest point between the mountains and the water. If Yuanqu fell, the Chinese would be cut off from their supply line and divided into two separate pockets. Then each pocket could be destroyed at leisure. To execute this, Tada organized his forces into three attack groups. The eastern group, built around Lieutenant General Harada Yukichi's 35th Division with elements of the 21st Division and the 4th Independent Cavalry Brigade — totaling roughly 25,000 men with armor, artillery, and supporting puppet forces — would drive westward along the Daoqing Road, pushing through Jiyuan and Mengxian toward the eastern flank of the Chinese position. The northeastern group, under Lieutenant General Shozo Sakurai commanding the 33rd Division and an Independent Mixed Brigade, would descend from Yangcheng southward, striking at the middle of the Chinese line. The western and northwestern group, the largest, comprising the 36th, 37th, and 41st Divisions along with the 9th and 16th Independent Mixed Brigades, would push southward from multiple points between Sangchi and Zhangdian, driving straight for Yuanqu. The final element of the plan was the most audacious. Japanese special forces and paratroopers were to land behind Chinese lines on the opening night of the offensive, targeting the Chinese headquarters and communications nodes. If the Chinese command could be blinded and paralyzed in the first hours of the battle, resistance would collapse before it could organize. Given the penetration of the garrison by Japanese intelligence, the paratroopers knew precisely where to go. From late April, Japanese forces quietly moved into their assault positions. Supply dumps were stocked. Artillery was registered on Chinese positions. The attack was set for the morning of May 7, 1941. Everything was ready. The battle opened before dawn on May 7, and it opened everywhere at once. On the eastern front, Harada's 35th Division and its attached formations crossed the start line and drove westward in three parallel columns along the Daoqing Road. More than 5,000 infantrymen, 1,000 cavalry, dozens of artillery pieces, over 100 tanks and armored vehicles, and the supporting puppet troops of Zhang Lanfeng and Liu Yanfeng poured into the Chinese-held area around Jiyuan and Mengxian. The assault had an almost mechanical quality — it moved at the pace of its armor and artillery, methodically grinding through whatever lay in its path. On the northeastern front, Sakurai's 33rd Division descended from Yangcheng with more than 10,000 men, striking at Wu Shimin's 98th Army at Dongfeng Town. Wu was one of the more aggressive Chinese commanders in the garrison, and he did not wait to be overwhelmed. He threw his forces into active resistance on multiple axes, contesting each Japanese advance rather than simply absorbing it. In the fighting around Wangcun, his troops achieved one of the campaign's rare Chinese tactical successes, routing approximately 2,000 Japanese attackers and killing more than 700, including Colonel Hamada, a Japanese regimental commander. It was a genuine local victory, but it could not change the larger picture. On the western and northwestern front, the main Japanese force pushed south with its eyes fixed on Yuanqu. The coordinated weight of three divisions and two independent brigades, all moving along converging axes, was designed to be overwhelming. Individually, a Chinese unit might hold a ridge or a pass for a day. Collectively, there was no way to stop what was coming. And that same night, as the Chinese scrambled to respond to attacks on every side, Japanese paratroopers landed near Chinese headquarters positions. They found what intelligence had promised: a command system already in disarray, staffed by officers who had received no coherent orders and had lost communications with most of their subordinate units. The Japanese were not wrong when they predicted they could paralyze the Chinese command within hours. By the morning of May 8, the Chinese First War Zone headquarters had effectively ceased to function as a coordinating body. Individual armies would fight on, but they would fight alone. The second day of the battle brought the decisive blow. On the afternoon of May 8, the 9th Army under Pei Changhui — already reeling from the pressure of the eastern Japanese columns — abandoned the cities of Ji and Meng and fell back westward. The withdrawal opened a path through the Chinese line, and the Japanese exploited it immediately. That evening, with the assistance of paratroopers who had secured key access routes overnight, Japanese forces reached Yuanqu on the Yellow River's northern bank and took it. The fall of Yuanqu changed everything. At a single stroke, the Chinese garrison's supply line from the south bank of the Yellow River was severed. The main crossing points were in Japanese hands. The two halves of the Chinese position — those to the east of Yuanqu and those to the west — were now separated, unable to reinforce one another. The double encirclement that Tada had designed on paper became a physical reality on the ground. The trap had closed. May 9 brought further disaster. Japanese forces captured Wufujian, another significant point in the Chinese rear. And on this day the battle's human cost began to register in the most stark terms possible. Wang Jun, commander of the newly formed 27th Division of Kong Lingxun's 80th Army, was killed in action fighting in the southern Shanxi mountains. Major General Chen Wenqi, deputy commander of the 24th Division, died in fierce combat near Taizhai Village. And Major General Liang Xixian, having retreated with the remnants of his force to Taizhai and found every route blocked — his options reduced to surrender or death — walked into the Yellow River and drowned himself. He was not the last Chinese officer to choose death over capture. The loss of three generals in a single day was not merely tragic. It reflected something about the nature of the battle that the casualty statistics alone could not capture: the Chinese officers who fought most fiercely and refused to abandon their positions were precisely the men dying, while the broader institutional structure that should have supported them had already failed. The garrison was being consumed from its fighting edge inward. Over the following two days, the Japanese methodically tightened the ring. The eastern column, having taken Yuanqu, split into two prongs: one drove eastward, capturing Shaoyuan by the morning of May 12 and linking up with the forces that had been pressing westward from Jiyuan; the other drove westward to Wufujian, joining with the troops already there. The inner encirclement was now complete and continuous. The Yellow River crossings along the entire Chinese front were blocked. There was no route south that wasn't already under fire or in Japanese hands. The fighting in the mountain passes was, by all accounts, ferocious. At Fengmenkou — a critical pass that both sides recognized as a key chokepoint — the Chinese 9th Army committed the main force of its newly formed 24th Division along with elements of the 54th Division, fighting for every ridge and ravine. The Japanese sent reinforcements and simply absorbed the punishment, pressing forward until numbers and artillery told. By May 12, the position at Jianshan had been surrounded as well, and the outer ring of encirclement had sealed. The Chinese armies in the Zhongtiao Mountains were now divided into isolated pockets, each fighting separately, each trying to find a gap in the Japanese lines that simply wasn't there. Beyond the mountains, the Chinese high command in Luoyang was issuing desperate orders. Units that had already been overrun were instructed to hold positions they no longer occupied. Army commanders who had lost contact with their corps were told to coordinate with formations they couldn't reach. The gap between the orders flowing from headquarters and the reality on the ground had become absolute. The First War Zone command was, in practical terms, a spectator to the destruction of its own army. Of all the days in the three-week battle, May 13 was perhaps the most devastating for Chinese morale. At Cunbu, in the western sector, the 3rd Army under Lieutenant General Tang Huaiyuan had been surrounded and cut off. Tang was among the finest officers in the Nationalist army — a career soldier of exceptional ability, admired by subordinates and superiors alike, the kind of commander who by his personal presence could steady troops on the edge of breaking. He had led the 3rd Army in continuous fighting since May 7, conducting a fighting retreat that had preserved more of his force than most. But there was nowhere left to retreat to. Cunbu was surrounded on all sides. The Yellow River was behind him. The Japanese were in front. Tang Huaiyuan sat with his surviving officers and told them that he would not surrender. Then he shot himself. He was fifty-seven years old. On the same day, Cun Xingqi, commander of the 12th Division, was hit eight times during close combat and died on the field. The tally of dead general officers had now reached five in the space of a week. Tang Huaiyuan's death, unlike the others, resonated as something more than a military loss. He was a symbol of what the Zhongtiao defense had once represented: the possibility that courage and skill could compensate for disadvantages in firepower and logistics. His death seemed to say, loudly, that that possibility was exhausted. Chiang Kai-shek, when news reached him in Chongqing, personally ordered that Tang Huaiyuan be posthumously promoted and honored. The gesture was well-intentioned and entirely beside the point. Tang was dead. His army was destroyed. The gesture could not undo either fact. With the double encirclement complete and the primary Chinese resistance broken, the Japanese Army entered the second and less dramatic but equally brutal phase of its operation: the systematic clearance of what remained. Beginning around May 15, Japanese units shifted from the headlong offensive drives of the first week to methodical sweep operations, moving through the mountain terrain in organized formations, pressing into each remaining pocket and eliminating whatever resistance they found. The Yellow River's northern bank was secured by Japanese forces who established posts at the crossing points, blocking retreat and interdicting any resupply attempt. From the western front, sweep operations continued in a series of movements that lasted until well into June, each one driving Chinese remnants further into smaller and more untenable positions. Japanese after-action reports from this period read with the clinical detachment of men doing carpentry rather than fighting: so many positions cleared, so many prisoners taken, so many bodies counted. For the surviving Chinese forces, this period was one of desperate improvisation. With coordinated resistance impossible and every organized position either taken or surrounded, the remnant armies broke up into smaller columns and attempted to find their own routes out of the encirclement. Their experiences varied enormously depending on their starting position, the initiative of their commanders, and fortune. The remnants of the 3rd Army and 15th Army, under Zeng Wanzhong of the 5th Army Group, managed to push through to Yellow River crossings in the west and get their men across to the south bank, eventually reorganizing at Luoyang and Xin'an. The 93rd Army, which had occupied positions in the northeast, shook off the Japanese pursuit with sufficient speed and organization to cross at Yumenkou and escape into Hancheng County in Shaanxi Province, preserving more of its fighting strength than most. Wu Shimin's 98th Army — whose fighting at Wangcun had been one of the campaign's genuine bright spots — was pushed northward into the Taiyue Mountains, conducting guerrilla operations as it went. Wu himself was wounded during the withdrawal and would spend months recovering; he never fully recovered his health, and would die by suicide the following year. The 43rd Army under Zhao Shiling, which had held Yuanqu before its fall, managed a fighting withdrawal toward Fushan and Yicheng in the north. Pei Changhui's 9th Army conducted several days of guerrilla operations along the Daoqing Road before finding crossings at Xiaodukou and Guanyangdukou and getting across the Yellow River to safety. By May 27, the great majority of the Zhongtiao Mountain garrison had either been destroyed, captured, or withdrawn. The mountains that had held for three years were in Japanese hands. The battle, for all practical purposes, was over. The two sides emerged from the battle with starkly different accounts of what had happened, and the gap between those accounts is itself revealing. Japanese operational records claimed that their forces had killed approximately 42,000 Chinese soldiers on the battlefield, taken around 35,000 prisoners, captured enormous quantities of weapons and supplies, and inflicted total Chinese casualties exceeding 100,000. Against this, Japanese headquarters reported their own losses as 673 killed and 2,292 wounded — a ratio so lopsided that it seemed to describe a completely different kind of warfare. Whether or not the precise numbers are accurate, Japanese sources were consistent in portraying the battle as a catastrophic one-sided rout. The Chinese government's official figures, presented to the public and to allied nations, told a very different story. Nationalist records acknowledged approximately 13,751 officers and soldiers killed, wounded, gassed, or missing, while claiming Japanese casualties of around 9,900. These numbers, by the standards of the actual fighting and the geographic scale of the defeat, strained credulity. They were the numbers of a government that needed, for political and morale reasons, to minimize a disaster it could not afford to fully acknowledge. What is beyond dispute is the strategic result. The Zhongtiao garrison, which had held for three years against thirteen prior offensives, had been destroyed in twenty days. The last significant Nationalist Chinese presence north of the Yellow River in the region had been eliminated. Japan now controlled the northern bank of the river for a substantial stretch, had secured its supply lines through southern Shanxi, and had opened the door for future pressure on Luoyang and ultimately Xi'an. The mountain barrier that had allowed Chinese forces to threaten Japanese logistics was gone. It would not be rebuilt. Six senior Chinese generals had died in the battle: Wang Jun, Chen Wenqi, Liang Xixian, Tang Huaiyuan, Cun Xingqi, and others in the fighting. Their deaths were individually remarkable — men choosing death over surrender at rate that reflected both the desperate conditions of the battle and a code of honor that many of them explicitly invoked in their final moments. They were also, in aggregate, a measure of how completely the officer corps had been consumed. In the decades since the battle, historians have returned repeatedly to the question of why a position held for three years collapsed so completely in three weeks. The answers are neither simple nor flattering to the Nationalist government, and they were debated with bitter intensity in Chongqing even while the battle was still being fought. The most immediate cause was the removal of Wei Lihuang. This was not merely the loss of a capable general — it was the destruction of the institutional knowledge and personal relationships that had made the defense function. The Zhongtiao garrison was not simply a collection of soldiers in mountain positions; it was a system, carefully constructed over three years, that depended on specific command relationships, established logistics arrangements, and particular allocation of resources. Wei had built that system. Without him, and without any adequate replacement, it became something far more brittle than it appeared. Below the level of high command, the garrison's gradual corruption was an equally powerful factor. The trading networks, the opium commerce, the penetration by Japanese intelligence — these were not incidental problems but symptoms of a deeper institutional failure. An army that has spent three years in static defensive positions, chronically undersupplied and without a meaningful offensive mission, tends toward exactly this kind of decay. The Nationalist government's decision to prioritize anti-Communist friction operations over Zhongtiao's fighting readiness had removed the 4th Army Group — the backbone of the defense — and had consumed Wei Lihuang's attention and political capital at the worst possible moment. The Japanese plan, too, deserves credit it rarely receives in Chinese accounts of the battle. The three-pronged converging attack on Yuanqu was not simply overwhelming force applied to an obvious target. It was an elegant solution to the genuine tactical puzzle that the Zhongtiao mountains presented, exploiting the garrison's geographic vulnerability with a precision that turned the defenders' mountain terrain from an asset into a trap. The use of paratroopers to decapitate the Chinese command in the opening hours was a sophisticated operational concept that worked almost exactly as designed. Tada Shun was not lucky. He was thorough. Finally, there is the question of Chiang Kai-shek's own priorities. His reported weeping upon receiving news of the defeat was genuine, in the sense that the loss clearly shocked and grieved him. But the decisions that led to the defeat — Wei Lihuang's removal, the transfer of the 4th Army Group, the neglect of fortification and resupply in the months preceding the battle — had been made in Chongqing, not in the mountains. The Zhongtiao garrison had been strategically sacrificed, piece by piece, for political calculations in the internal factional struggle between Nationalists and Communists. Whether Chiang understood the cost of those choices before May 7, 1941, is debatable. After that date, it was difficult to pretend otherwise. The fall of the Zhongtiao Mountains did not end the War of Resistance, but it substantially worsened China's strategic position in the north. Over the following months, Japan used its consolidated control of southern Shanxi to increase pressure on the Yellow River line and probe toward Luoyang. The surviving Chinese armies, reorganized south of the river, were in no position to counterattack. The mountains themselves, stripped of their garrison and secured by Japanese occupation troops, became part of the extended Japanese occupation zone — a territory to be administered and exploited rather than contested. For the men who had fought there, the battle left wounds that went beyond the physical. Entire armies had to be rebuilt from remnants. Officers who had retreated, whether under orders or on their own initiative, faced boards of inquiry in an atmosphere of recrimination and blame-seeking. Some were cashiered. Some faced criminal proceedings. The search for culpability — which was genuine enough, since the failure was genuine — tended to fall on those least able to defend themselves rather than on the senior commanders and political figures whose decisions had created the conditions for defeat. The posthumous honors awarded to Tang Huaiyuan, Liang Xixian, Wang Jun, and the other officers who died in battle were heartfelt, and they were also convenient. The heroic dead could be elevated without requiring the living to answer uncomfortable questions. Their sacrifice was real. The system that wasted it was also real. In the broader history of the Second Sino-Japanese War, the Battle of Zhongtiao Mountain tends to be overshadowed by more famous engagements — Shanghai, Nanjing, Taierzhuang, the later battles along the Salween. This is partly because the Chinese side lost comprehensively and had little interest in memorializing the loss, and partly because the battle's significance was more strategic than dramatic. There was no great last stand, no single moment of heroism sufficient to redeem the catastrophe. There were only men dying in mountain passes, generals walking into rivers, and an entire defensive system disintegrating under the weight of its own contradictions. What the Battle of Zhongtiao Mountain represents, in the end, is a case study in how military positions are really lost. They are rarely lost on the battlefield alone. They are lost in the staff meetings where capable commanders are removed for political reasons. They are lost in the supply depots that never get restocked. They are lost in the informal economies that grow up when institutions stop functioning. They are lost in the intelligence assessments that are written and ignored. They are lost, finally and irreversibly, in the early morning hours when the guns open simultaneously on three sides and the men at the radios discover that no one is answering.     I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. On May 7, 1941, Japan opened a three-front assault on Zhongtiao Mountains; paratroopers disrupted command night. With the 9th Army withdrawing, Yuanqu fell on May 8, severing supply and trapping the garrison. Fighting raged through May 13, costing generals, until Japanese sweeps cleared pockets; survivors escaped south of Yellow River.

Season 8, Episode 1: How did two lawyers turn a handful of Arizona fourplexes into a vertically integrated real estate powerhouse with over 20,000 units renovated? Today, we sit down with John Griggs, Co-CEO and Co-Founder of Presidium, to break down the strategy behind that rise. John shares how he spotted his first opportunity in the "golden age" of the Arizona housing market before shifting his conviction to Texas just as the landscape was beginning to transform. We dive into how Presidium scaled its early portfolio to 5,000 units, the hard lessons learned from internalizing management during the GFC, and the strategic move of acquiring a special servicing company to master the mechanics of distressed debt. Whether you're interested in ground-up development, creative capital stacks involving HUD debt, or where multifamily opportunity sits in today's cycle, this episode is a must-listen. Join us as we explore the risk discipline and long-term vision that helped Presidium evolve from a grassroots startup into a dominant institutional investment platform. Shoutout to our sponsor, Lennar Investor Marketplace. New construction rental investments with comps, returns, and underwriting built in. TOPICS 00:00 – Introduction and Presidium's Background 01:32 – From Silicon Valley Law to the 2003 Arizona "Golden Age" 08:03 – Moving to Texas and Raising Capital for Scale 10:11 – Navigating the GFC and Internalizing Management 14:58 – The Institutionalization of Multifamily Real Estate 19:27 – Strategic Acquisition: Buying a Special Servicer 24:56 – Launching a Development Platform and Spotting Market Peaks 31:18 – Today's Creative Financing: HUD Debt and Housing Authorities 36:38 – Targeting Distress and Partnering with Lenders 42:15 – Delo Capital and the Outlook for Sun Belt Migration For more episodes of No Cap by CRE Daily visit https://www.credaily.com/podcast/ Watch this episode on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@NoCapCREDaily About No Cap Podcast Commercial real estate is a $20 trillion industry and a force that shapes America's economic fabric and culture. No Cap by CRE Daily is the commercial real estate podcast that gives you an unfiltered ”No Cap” look into the industry's biggest trends and the money game behind them. Each week co-hosts Jack Stone and Alex Gornik break down the latest headlines with some of the most influential and entertaining figures in commercial real estate. About CRE Daily  CRE Daily is a digital media company covering the business of commercial real estate. Our mission is to empower professionals with the knowledge they need to make smarter decisions and do more business. We do this through our flagship newsletter (CRE Daily) which is read by 65,000+ investors, developers, brokers, and business leaders across the country. Our smart brevity format combined with need-to-know trends has made us one of the fastest growing media brands in commercial real estate.

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Many investors focus on one thing: getting more units. But what if growing your portfolio is actually creating more problems? In this episode, Gino Barbaro breaks down one of the most important distinctions every real estate investor and entrepreneur needs to understand: the difference between growing and scaling. Growth often means increasing revenue by adding more resources, more expenses, and more complexity. Scaling, on the other hand, is about creating systems, improving efficiency, increasing profitability, and building a business that can expand without demanding more of your time. If you're chasing bigger numbers without knowing your profit margins, occupancy rates, delinquency metrics, or operational KPIs, this conversation is a must-watch. In this episode, you'll learn: ✅ The difference between growing and scaling a real estate business ✅ Why "Revenue is vanity, profit margin is sanity, and cash is king" ✅ How to measure Profit Per Unit (PPU) ✅ The systems every multifamily investor should implement ✅ Why operations determine long-term success ✅ The importance of SOPs, KPIs, and customer retention ✅ When to pause acquisitions and focus on infrastructure ✅ How Jake & Gino scaled from zero to over 1,900 units Whether you're managing your first rental property or operating a large multifamily portfolio, these principles can help you build a stronger, more profitable business. Key Takeaway: Don't grow faster than your systems can support. Build the foundation first. Strengthen your operations, improve cash flow, create leverage, and then pursue expansion with confidence. You want to know more about Multifamily? Go to https://wheelbarrowprofits.com/ We're here to help create real estate entrepreneurs... About Jake & Gino: Jake & Gino are multifamily investors, operators, and owners who have created a vertically integrated real estate company. They control over $350M in assets under management. Connect with Jake & Gino here --> https://jakeandgino.com. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Yes, Cogforts are cool…Dan has been enlightened.  As for the rest of the Cities Battletome, another solid delivery.  We really enjoyed discussing all aspects of this tome, from Traits to Artifacts to Units to Armies/Regiments of Renown.  However, Brendan warns that this is a very complex book that will take a lot of study and practice to get the most out of.  Conversely, very rewarding and powerful once mastered.  Watch out for those perpetually charging Cavaliers!  Dave is back as well to discuss the desert planet of Tallarn and its part in the Horus heresy.  Also, be sure to give a listen to a brief announcement about the podcast in Show Close. Thanks as always for joining us.  Your support is truly appreciated. 1:43              Whispers From The Warp 14:41            The Emperor Lies 14:41                Liber Nordstrumus 28:46               Cities of Sigmar Battletome Review – Part I 1:07:03            Cities of Sigmar Battletome Review – Part II 1:41:42             Cities of Sigmar Battletome Review – Part III 2:02:07       Scriptorium 2:07:32       This or That 2:14:17        Show Close

In this episode, Mike Burkhead III shares his inspiring journey from starting with just a thousand dollars to managing 800 units and selling for $50 million. He discusses his Mirage Method course, the importance of integrity, and strategies for success in real estate and coaching.   Professional Real Estate Investors - How we can help you: Investor Fuel Mastermind:  Learn more about the Investor Fuel Mastermind, including 100% deal financing, massive discounts from vendors and sponsors you're already using, our world class community of over 150 members, and SO much more here: http://www.investorfuel.com/apply   Investor Machine Marketing Partnership:  Are you looking for consistent, high quality lead generation? Investor Machine is America's #1 lead generation service professional investors. Investor Machine provides true 'white glove' support to help you build the perfect marketing plan, then we'll execute it for you…talking and working together on an ongoing basis to help you hit YOUR goals! Learn more here: http://www.investormachine.com   Coaching with Mike Hambright:  Interested in 1 on 1 coaching with Mike Hambright? Mike coaches entrepreneurs looking to level up, build coaching or service based businesses (Mike runs multiple 7 and 8 figure a year businesses), building a coaching program and more. Learn more here: https://investorfuel.com/coachingwithmike   Attend a Vacation/Mastermind Retreat with Mike Hambright: Interested in joining a "mini-mastermind" with Mike and his private clients on an upcoming "Retreat", either at locations like Cabo San Lucas, Napa, Park City ski trip, Yellowstone, or even at Mike's East Texas "Big H Ranch"? Learn more here: http://www.investorfuel.com/retreat   Property Insurance: Join the largest and most investor friendly property insurance provider in 2 minutes. Free to join, and insure all your flips and rentals within minutes! There is NO easier insurance provider on the planet (turn insurance on or off in 1 minute without talking to anyone!), and there's no 15-30% agent mark up through this platform!  Register here: https://myinvestorinsurance.com/   New Real Estate Investors - How we can work together: Investor Fuel Club (Coaching and Deal Partner Community): Looking to kickstart your real estate investing career? Join our one of a kind Coaching Community, Investor Fuel Club, where you'll get trained by some of the best real estate investors in America, and partner with them on deals! You don't need $ for deals…we'll partner with you and hold your hand along the way! Learn More here: http://www.investorfuel.com/club   —--------------------

This week, I sit down with my colleague Jim Kenny, Assistant Vice President for Development, Schools and Units at Yale, to explore his career journey and the lessons he's learned along the way. In an open and candid conversation, Jim shares his insights on career growth, recognizing when it's time for a change, and positioning yourself for success. Tune in for practical advice and thoughtful reflections on navigating your own professional path.

What does it really take to scale from flipping houses to acquiring more than $300 million in real estate? In this episode, Paul Williams shares the lessons he learned after starting as a college student investor, building a trucking company, exiting that business, and going all-in on real estate. Paul breaks down his journey from single-family investing and high-volume house flipping to owning and operating nearly 2,000 multifamily units, while discussing capital raising, credibility, investor relationships, market cycles, and the opportunities he sees in today's multifamily market. He also shares candid insights on mistakes, lessons from both successful and struggling investments, why consistency matters more than speed, and how aspiring investors can build the track record, relationships, and confidence needed to grow in commercial real estate. If you're looking to raise capital, scale your portfolio, or learn from someone who has navigated multiple market cycles, this is an episode you won't want to miss. 5 Key TakeawaysWhy Paul Transitioned from Single-Family to MultifamilyAfter completing 20+ flips per year, Paul realized the constant transaction cycle was demanding and difficult to scale. Multifamily offered a path to larger-scale growth with greater efficiency. The Fastest Way to Build CredibilityEarly in his career, Paul leveraged the track records of experienced operators. Today, he emphasizes that consistency, relationships, and a proven track record are the strongest credibility builders in capital raising. How Organic Content Attracts InvestorsPaul shares how simple educational videos and consistent market visibility have generated investor interest, including reconnecting with people he hadn't spoken to in decades. Why Today's Market May Present a Major Buying OpportunityDespite investor caution following recent market challenges, Paul believes current market conditions are creating opportunities similar to previous strong buying periods, particularly for disciplined multifamily investors. The One Trait That Separates Successful InvestorsAccording to Paul, most people quit before they reach success. His advice is simple: stay in the game long enough, keep learning, keep building relationships, and eventually opportunities will compound in your favor.About Tim MaiTim Mai is a real estate investor, fund manager, mentor, and founder of HERO Mastermind for REI coaches.He has helped many real estate investors and coaches become millionaires. Tim continues to help busy professionals earn income and build wealth through passive investing.He is also a creative marketer and promoter with incredible knowledge and experience, which he freely shares. He has lifted himself from the aftermath of war, achieving technical expertise in computers, followed by investment success in real estate, management skills, and a lofty position among real estate educators and internet marketers.Tim is an industry leader who has acquired and exited well over $50 million worth of real estate and is currently an investor in over 2700 units of multifamily apartments.Connect with TimWebsite: Capital Raising PartyFacebook: Tim Mai | Capital Raising Nation Instagram: @timmaicomTwitter: @timmaiLinkedIn: Tim MaiYouTube: Tim Mai

They said it was too taboo to talk about. Too sensitive to market. Too uncomfortable to scale.Jhalesa Seymour turned it into a multi-million dollar empire.In this episode of Inside The Vault, Jhalesa breaks down how she built an eight-figure feminine wellness brand from her college dorm room — starting with just $67 and a problem no one wanted to address.No investors. No big box stores. No massive ad budget.Just conviction, focus, and a product that worked.Inside this episode, we cover:• How Jhalesa built a $70M brand from handmade soap • The power of word-of-mouth marketing (no ads for years) • The 150,000-unit breakthrough moment • Losing 20,000 orders overnight (and surviving it) • The $80,000 internal betrayal that changed everything • Why focus is the real eight-figure secret • How to scale a physical product business the right way • Building legacy beyond the moneyIf you've ever wanted to build a product-based business, dominate a niche, or turn something “too taboo” into a global movement — this is the blueprint.

In this week's Sister Solo, Jill and Jenna catch up on their big move—living just three floors apart! They dive into the reality of working and living so close as sisters, their upcoming fitness goals, and a much-needed conversation on the "optimization culture" sparked by recent health hot takes. Plus, Jenna shares her game-changing skincare find, and breaks down the importance of gallbladder support in Practitioner's Corner while Jill share some of her opinions on "Optimization Culture" and what's currently "IN" for her!In This Episode, We Discuss:- Life Updates- Influencer Reality: Behind-the-scenes of brand events and curated spaces- Fitness Goals: Training to become "units" and overcoming performance anxiety- Optimization Culture: Why extreme health "biohacking" is losing the plot- Practitioner's Corner: Deep dive into gallbladder health and bile support- Current Ins: Acne-clearing skincare, mouth tape, and the ultimate body butterLinks & Resources Mentioned:Face Reality Acne Med 2.5%: https://facerealityskincare.com/products/2-5-advanced-acne-med?srsltid=AfmBOoocDRN95WVJey6XjZ8aEzS2QRjzcsRSATUcwKAEG4FXmRqam6zlMouth Tape: https://www.vio2tape.com/pages/shopSwede Eyelash Growth Serum: https://shorturl.at/vdXXAShelter Skin Vanilla Body Butter: https://shorturl.at/ly2aoSupplements: TUDCA (Cellcore or Body Bio)Mooala Almond MilkConnect with Us:Subscribe to our YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@UCZ6TxRotnSSFq_pK2wPIn9Q Follow us on Instagram for daily updates!Instagram.com/guttalkgirls/Don't forget to like, comment, and subscribe! We love hearing your thoughts on these solo episodes.

Greg McElroy goes through and ranks the Top 10 linebacker units in College Football heading into the 2026 season. Are the veteran leaders at Clemson and Pittsburgh enough and can Georgia just continue to reload with NFL caliber talent? Can transfers at Texas A&M and Texas keep the production level up and will Ben Roberts and Austin Romaine be able to pick up where Jacob Rodriguez left off? Can Indiana and Oklahoma keep up their domination, is the key to Auburn finally turning it around at linebacker and does Notre Dame have the deepest and most dominant linebacker unit in college football?    Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Many aspiring investors think they need a lot of money, experience, or the perfect market to get started in real estate. Soli Cayetano proves otherwise. In this episode of The Real Wealth Show, Kathy Fettke sits down with Soli to discuss how she bought her first out-of-state rental property while still in college, scaled to 25 units in her first year, raised millions in private capital, and eventually transitioned into boutique hotel investing.   Soli shares the lessons she learned building an out-of-state portfolio, raising private money, partnering with investors, and growing from a $98,000 rental property to multi-million-dollar hospitality projects. Whether you're just getting started or looking to scale your portfolio, this conversation offers practical insights on taking the next step in your investing journey.   Looking for beginner-friendly real estate investing resources? Download our recommended books and guides at www.RealWealth.com/BeginnerBooks.   Timestamps: 00:00 – Intro 01:19 – RealWealth Beginner Books Resource 01:30 – Soli's Beginning in Real Estate 04:30 – Investing Out of State 06:00 – Building an Out-of-State Team 07:40 – 25 Units in One Year & Raising Private Money 09:39 – The First Private Money Deal 11:02 – Private Money Terms Explained 12:05 – Equity Deals & Key Lessons Learned 13:14 – Soli's Money Upbringing 16:00 – Transitioning Into Boutique Hotels 19:30 – Soli's Five-Year Vision 21:00 – Starting Small and Scaling Up 23:17 – Outro   DISCLAIMER The views and opinions expressed in this podcast are provided for informational purposes only, and should not be construed as an offer to buy or sell any securities or to make or consider any investment or course of action. For more information, go to www.RealWealthShow.com.

Welcome to Wholesale Hotline Podcast (Wholesaling Inc Edition), where Brent brings unmatched energy and no-BS strategies straight from his own real-world wholesaling business to help you crush it in yours.Show notes -- in this episode we'll cover:Master cold calling, lead generation, and sales scripts to consistently close deals.You'll learn the latest on the most cutting-edge techniques—like PPC, texting, and automated follow-up systems.Learn how to build confidence, overcome objections, and dominate your local market.Brent shows how talking to people is the fastest, most direct path to wholesale success.Real-life case studies, role plays, and mindset shifts that turn hustle into high income.Please give us a rating and let us know how we are doing!➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖☎️ Welcome to Wholesale Hotline & TTP Breakout

Molly McKew is raising urgent funds for Ukrainian units that need help replacing critical equipment destroyed in a Russian strike and building a mobile rehabilitation hub for wounded soldiers near the front lines. Donate directly at:  PayPal.me/MollyKMcKew Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

You don't need a big market, huge salary, or even a college degree to invest in real estate. Today's guest had a very simple goal when he started: replace his $12/hour construction job. He's already achieved that, and today, he owns seven rental properties…and counting! Welcome back to the Real Estate Rookie podcast! Nathan Shelby has dabbled in several investing strategies, from mobile home lots to fixer uppers. But he's recently landed on a strategy that allows him to use the BRRRR method (buy, rehab, rent, refinance, repeat) on new construction homes—just without the renovations. Despite investing in a relatively small town, one of these properties appraises for roughly twice the cost to build it, allowing Nathan to pull 100% of his cash out for the next one! Nathan has found his groove in the last couple of years, but it wasn't always smooth sailing. In this episode, he shares some of the biggest mistakes he made early on—pitfalls you can easily avoid. Stay tuned to learn about the systems and tools you should implement on day one, how to dial in your tenant screening process, and why new construction is often easier than renovating! In This Episode We Cover How Nathan scaled to 10 rental units without a big salary or college degree How to find highly profitable real estate deals outside of the MLS Why new construction is often easier than rental renovations Must-have systems and tools to build and scale your real estate portfolio Three of the biggest mistakes new investors make (and how to avoid them) And So Much More! Check out more resources from this show on ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠BiggerPockets.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ and ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠h⁠t⁠⁠tps://www.biggerpockets.com/blog/rookie-725⁠⁠. Interested in learning more about today's sponsors or becoming a BiggerPockets partner yourself? Email ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠advertise@biggerpockets.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices