Podcasts about third council

  • 21PODCASTS
  • 30EPISODES
  • 41mAVG DURATION
  • ?INFREQUENT EPISODES
  • Dec 25, 2024LATEST

POPULARITY

20172018201920202021202220232024


Best podcasts about third council

Latest podcast episodes about third council

New History of Spain
17. How the Visigoths Became Catholic under Reccared

New History of Spain

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 25, 2024 35:48


In episode 17 I explain the reign of Reccared and the Visigoths' conversion to Catholicism in the Third Council of Toledo, as well as the reigns of Liuva II, Witteric and Gundemar. Moreover, I discuss the Church, administration and taxation of the Visigothic period. SUPPORT NEW HISTORY OF SPAIN: Patreon: https://patreon.com/newhistoryspain  Ko-Fi: https://ko-fi.com/newhistoryspain  PayPal: https://paypal.me/lahistoriaespana  Bitcoin donation: bc1q64qs58s5c5kp5amhw5hn7vp9fvtekeq96sf4au Ethereum donation: 0xE3C423625953eCDAA8e57D34f5Ce027dd1902374 Join the DISCORD: https://discord.gg/jUvtdRKxUC  Follow the show for updates on Bluesky: https://bsky.app/profile/newhistoryspain.com  Or Twitter/X:  https://x.com/newhistoryspain  YOUTUBE CHANNEL: https://www.youtube.com/@newhistoryspain  Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/new-history-of-spain/id1749528700  Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7hstfgSYFfFPXhjps08IYi  Spotify (video version): https://open.spotify.com/show/2OFZ00DSgMAEle9vngg537 Spanish show 'La Historia de España-Memorias Hispánicas': https://www.youtube.com/@lahistoriaespana  TIMESTAMPS: 00:00 Hook 00:19 The Religious Conflict in Visigothic Iberia 03:25 The Conversion of Reccared 06:48 The Opposition Against Reccared 10:28 The Third Council of Toledo and the Visigoths' Conversion 16:49 The Reign of Reccared 20:02 Witteric and Gundemar 24:00 The Church in the Visigothic Period 28:14 Visigothic Taxation and Administration 33:19 The Verdict: Caesaropapism or Theocracy? 34:58 Outro

Christian Podcast Community
Can Scripture Tell Us Who Jesus Is?

Christian Podcast Community

Play Episode Listen Later Aug 19, 2024 71:40


As I was reading stuff online I came across an article from Roman Catholic apologist Dave Armstrong against William Lane Craig's defense of monothelitism.Armstrong blames Craig's error on Sola Scriptura and rejecting the "infallibility" of the Roman Catholic church.While I agree that Craig is wrong about monothelitism, I also believe Armstrong is wrong about why.This episode addresses both the error of monothelitism and the error of Roman Catholic epistemology. I believe Craig's philosophy is the problem. I also believe history disproves Armstrong's "infallible church" idea and that Scripture is the authority for determining who Jesus is.Sources Cited:William Lane Craig, "#75 Monotheletism," Reasonable Faith, September 22, 2008.Dave Armstrong, "William Lane Craig's Christological Errors (Monothelitism +)," Patheos, Updated April 5, 2018.Dave Armstrong, "Sola Scriptura Can't Definitively Refute Christological Heresy," Patheos, Updated June 14, 2020.William Lane Craig, "Does Christ Have Two Wills or One?" drcraigvideos, July 15, 2022, educational video, 0:07 to 0:56."Third Council of Constantinople (A.D. 680-681)," New Advent, Accessed August 18, 2024."Discourse I" in "Four Discourses Against the Arians (Athanasius)," New Advent, Accessed August 18, 2024."Gregory of Nazianzus - Critique of Apollinarius and Apollinarianism," Early Church Texts, Accessed August 18, 2024.Scriptures Referenced:Isaiah 53:11Galatians 3:132 Corinthians 5:211 Peter 3:18Acts 2:22,30-31Hebrews 1:2-3; 2:16-18; 4:14-15; 5:7-9James 1:13-14*** Castle Rock Women's Health is a pro-life and pro-women health care ministry. They need your help to serve the community. Please consider a monthly or one-time donation. ***We value your feedback!Have questions for Truthspresso? Contact us!

Truthspresso
Can Scripture Tell Us Who Jesus Is?

Truthspresso

Play Episode Listen Later Aug 19, 2024 71:40


As I was reading stuff online I came across an article from Roman Catholic apologist Dave Armstrong against William Lane Craig's defense of monothelitism.Armstrong blames Craig's error on Sola Scriptura and rejecting the "infallibility" of the Roman Catholic church.While I agree that Craig is wrong about monothelitism, I also believe Armstrong is wrong about why.This episode addresses both the error of monothelitism and the error of Roman Catholic epistemology. I believe Craig's philosophy is the problem. I also believe history disproves Armstrong's "infallible church" idea and that Scripture is the authority for determining who Jesus is.Sources Cited:William Lane Craig, "#75 Monotheletism," Reasonable Faith, September 22, 2008.Dave Armstrong, "William Lane Craig's Christological Errors (Monothelitism +)," Patheos, Updated April 5, 2018.Dave Armstrong, "Sola Scriptura Can't Definitively Refute Christological Heresy," Patheos, Updated June 14, 2020.William Lane Craig, "Does Christ Have Two Wills or One?" drcraigvideos, July 15, 2022, educational video, 0:07 to 0:56."Third Council of Constantinople (A.D. 680-681)," New Advent, Accessed August 18, 2024."Discourse I" in "Four Discourses Against the Arians (Athanasius)," New Advent, Accessed August 18, 2024."Gregory of Nazianzus - Critique of Apollinarius and Apollinarianism," Early Church Texts, Accessed August 18, 2024.Scriptures Referenced:Isaiah 53:11Galatians 3:132 Corinthians 5:211 Peter 3:18Acts 2:22,30-31Hebrews 1:2-3; 2:16-18; 4:14-15; 5:7-9James 1:13-14See AlsoIs Jesus Like My Favorite Superhero? (Playlist feed)*** Castle Rock Women's Health is a pro-life and pro-women health care ministry. They need your help to serve the community. Please consider a monthly or one-time donation. ***We value your feedback!Have questions for Truthspresso? Contact us!

THEORY & THEOLOGY
Part 2 Early Christianity (Talking about the First 7 Ecumenical Councils)

THEORY & THEOLOGY

Play Episode Listen Later Feb 6, 2024 43:29


PART 2 (SEE PART 1 FOR OTHER NOTES AS THE LIMIT IS 4000 WORD COUNT). Council of Ephesus 431 AD https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Ephesus. Nestorianism- related to the original teachings of Christian theologian Nestorius (d. c. 450 AD), who promoted specific doctrines in the fields of Christology and Mariology. The second meaning of the term is much wider, and relates to a set of later theological teachings, that were traditionally labeled as Nestorian, but differ from the teachings of Nestorius in origin, scope and terminology.[2] The Oxford English Dictionary defines Nestorianism as "The doctrine of Nestorius, patriarch of Constantinople (appointed in 428), by which Christ is asserted to have had distinct human and divine persons." Theotokos- The title of Mother of God (Greek: Μήτηρ (τοῦ) Θεοῦ) or Mother of Incarnate God. Pelagianis - the original sin did not taint human nature and that humans by divine grace have free will to achieve human perfection. Council of Chalcedon 451 AD https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon. (Not all churches accepted this council). The judgments issued at the Second Council of Ephesus in 449, the alleged offences of Bishop Dioscorus of Alexandria, the relationship between the divinity and humanity of Christ, many disputes involving particular bishops and sees Second Council of Constantinople 553 AD https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Council_of_Constantinople. Nestorianism- (see above definitions). Monophysitism- Greek μόνος monos, "solitary"[2] and φύσις physis, "nature") is a Christology that states that in the person of the incarnated Word (that is, in Jesus Christ) there was only one nature—the divine. Origenis- Origenist crises or Origenist controversies. [THIS IS CONFUSING AND IM NOT YET SURE IF I FULLY UNDERSTAND IT]. Origen was considered heretical and to have influenced many. Origen taught that, before the creation of the material universe, God had created the souls of all the intelligent beings. These souls, at first fully devoted to God, fell away from him and were given physical bodies. Origen was the first to propose the ransom theory of atonement in its fully developed form, and he also significantly contributed to the development of the concept of the Trinity. Origen hoped that all people might eventually attain salvation, but was always careful to maintain that this was only speculation. He defended free will and advocated Christian pacifism. ALSO SEE EPISODE ON YT BY SENSUS AND FIDELIUM: https://youtu.be/jFGzRbfGVj8?si=uWaNydJ-HiJ1dE4O Third Council of Constantinople 680-681 AD https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Council_of_Constantinople. Monothelitism, the human and divine wills of Jesus. Monothelitism- Christ as having only one will. The doctrine is thus contrary to dyothelitism, a Christological doctrine that holds Christ as having two wills (divine and human). SECOND Council of Nicea in 787 AD https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils. Iconoclasm- Byzantine Iconoclasm was started by a ban on religious images promulgated by the Byzantine Emperor Leo III the Isaurian,[3] and continued under his successors.[4] It was accompanied by widespread destruction of religious images and persecution of supporters of the veneration of images. The Papacy remained firmly in support of the use of religious images throughout the period.

Mid-America Reformed Seminary's Round Table
198. The Church of the Seven Councils

Mid-America Reformed Seminary's Round Table

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 26, 2023 16:48


In this episode, Dr. Strange examines the Second and Third Council of Constantinople, which sought to affirm Christ's divine and human natures, and the Second Council of Nicaea, which authorized the legitimacy of using visual images in worship. In addition to the four Councils that came before them, the Eastern Church became known as the Church of the Seven Councils.

Mid-America Reformed Seminary
198. The Church of the Seven Councils

Mid-America Reformed Seminary

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 26, 2023 16:00


In this episode, Dr. Strange examines the Second and Third Council of Constantinople, which sought to affirm Christ's divine and human natures, and the Second Council of Nicaea, which authorized the legitimacy of using visual images in worship. In addition to the four Councils that came before them, the Eastern Church became known as the Church of the Seven Councils.

Mid-America Reformed Seminary
198. The Church of the Seven Councils

Mid-America Reformed Seminary

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 26, 2023 16:49


In this episode, Dr. Strange examines the Second and Third Council of Constantinople, which sought to affirm Christ's divine and human natures, and the Second Council of Nicaea, which authorized the legitimacy of using visual images in worship. In addition to the four Councils that came before them, the Eastern Church became known as the Church of the Seven Councils.

Mid-America Reformed Seminary
198. The Church of the Seven Councils

Mid-America Reformed Seminary

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 26, 2023 16:00


In this episode, Dr. Strange examines the Second and Third Council of Constantinople, which sought to affirm Christ's divine and human natures, and the Second Council of Nicaea, which authorized the legitimacy of using visual images in worship. In addition to the four Councils that came before them, the Eastern Church became known as the Church of the Seven Councils.

Restitutio
504 Early Church History 22: Byzantine Empire from Constantine to Justinian

Restitutio

Play Episode Listen Later Jul 14, 2023 59:32


This is part 22 of the Early Church History class. This episode aims to wrap up our early church history class. We'll cover relics and pilgrimage, emperors Zeno and Justinian, as well as the theological battles that continued to rage in the 5th and 6th centuries. Unsurprisingly the christological controversy of the 5th century did not come to an end when the emperor endorsed the Council of Chalcedon of 451 that declared Jesus to have two natures "unconfusedly, unchangeably, indivisibly, and inseparably." In addition to covering the Second Council of Constantinople of 553, we'll also briefly consider how the dual natures doctrine continued to foment division resulting in the Third Council of Constantinople in 681 and the Second Council of Nicea in 787. Listen to this episode on Spotify or Apple Podcasts https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=59zyj9dMH4k&list=PLN9jFDsS3QV2lk3B0I7Pa77hfwKJm1SRI&index=22 —— Links —— More Restitutio resources on Christian history See other classes here Support Restitutio by donating here Join our Restitutio Facebook Group and follow Sean Finnegan on Twitter @RestitutioSF Leave a voice message via SpeakPipe with questions or comments and we may play them out on the air Intro music: Good Vibes by MBB Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0) Free Download / Stream: Music promoted by Audio Library. Who is Sean Finnegan?  Read his bio here —— Notes —— Byzantine Beginnings 293 Diocletian initiated the division between east and west with his tetrarchy. 330 Constantine built a “New Rome” on the cite of old Byzantium, naming it Constantinople. Constantine's mother, Helena, initiated the pilgrimage movement. 381 Egeria wrote a travelogue to her friends that influenced later pilgrimages. Helena also sent Constantine relics of the true cross. 397 Martin of Tours died, leaving behind his cloak, which became a famous relic. Fifth Century Developments Theodosius I (r. 379-392) had outlawed pagan sacrifices and endorsed Trinitarian Christianity as the official religion of the Roman Empire. Arian Germanic tribes moved into the western Roman Empire and began taking territory. 378 Visigoths win at Adrianople. 410 Alaric sacked Rome. 455 Vandals sacked Rome. 476 Odoacer deposes the last Roman Augustus. 493 Theodoric and the Ostrogoths took Italy. Zeno's Henotikon 451 Chalcedon affirmed the dyophysite position (two natures in one person). 488 Byzantine Emperor Zeno attempted to reconcile monophysites and dyophysites by condemning Eutyches and Nestorius and approving Cyril's 12 anathemas (Henotikon). Chalcedon remained controversial with Christianity now split into several groups: Arian Germanic kingdoms, monophysites (Egypt and Ethiopia), Chalcedonian dyophysites (Rome & Constantinople), and Nestorian dyophysites (Syria and Persia). Justinian (482-565) 525 Justinian married Theodora and became co-emperor with Justin. 527 Justinian became the sole emperor. 528 He initiated legal reforms under John the Cappadocian and Tribonian. 532 Nika riots 537 He finished Hagia Sophia, whispering, “O Solomon, I have surpassed you!” 555 He had retaken much of the Roman Empire, including Italy, North Africa, and part of Spain. More Christology Councils 553 Justinian called for the Second Council of Constantinople. Condemned the 3 chapters Condemned Nestorius Condemned Origen of Alexandria 681 Third Council of Constantinople Condemned monotheletism, concluding that Jesus had 2 wills that never conflict. 787 Second Council of Nicaea Iconoclasts were fighting with iconodules. Some considered icons Nestorian while others called them Monophysite. Affirmed veneration of icons. 843 Iconaclasm controversy broke out. Empress Theodora upheld the ruling of Nicaea II. Review In 293, Diocletian split the administration of the Roman Empire into east and west, appointing an Augustus in each. In 330, Constantine founded Constantinople in the old town of Byzantium, making it his administrative capital. While the west fell to Germanic Arians and the Huns, the Roman Empire in the east continued until 1453. Byzantine emperors played barbarian warlords off each other in an attempt to keep them from taking Constantinople. From the fourth century onwards, Byzantines embraced relics and pilgrimages to holy places. Byzantine emperor Justinian made a lasting impact on law via the work of Tribonian to identify, harmonize, and codify Roman law. Justinian succeeded, mostly due to the military genius of Belisarius, to retake northern Africa, Italy, and part of Spain. Justinian built and improved several churches, the most notable of which was his renovation of the Hagia Sophia. In 553, the Second Council of Constantinople condemned three writings critical of Cyril of Alexandria to reunite with the Egyptian and Syrian churches, but ultimately failed. In 681, the Third Council of Constantinople condemned monothelitism, affirming that Christ had two wills. In 787, the Second Council of Nicaea affirmed the veneration of icons, denying icons either were too monophysite or Nestorian.

Nobody Wake The Bugbear
Ghosts of Gauntlgrym S4 | E20 - Accusations!

Nobody Wake The Bugbear

Play Episode Listen Later May 11, 2023 66:57


The Third Council of Gauntlgrym turns into a court as the distrust between the allies grows. ----more---- It's a good old fashioned courtroom drama this week. Can you handle the truth!?   CAST OF CHARACTERS: DM | Andrew Kobias | Josh Fintok | John Crezes | Doug ----more---- SOCIAL Twitter: @nwtbugbear Facebook | YouTube | Instagram | TikTok: @NWTBPODCAST Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/NWTBPODCAST MUSIC The fine Music of John S. © 2023 John S. All Rights Reserved. Music: "Wonderland", "Prepare for War", "Mjolnir" and "Blood Eagle" by Alexander Nakarada (www.serpentsoundstudios.com) Licensed under Creative Commons BY Attribution 4.0 License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Catholic Saints & Feasts
April 13: Saint Martin I, Pope and Martyr

Catholic Saints & Feasts

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 12, 2023 6:20


April 13: Saint Martin I, Pope and Martyr c. 590–655 Memorial; Liturgical Color: Red Exiled, abandoned, starving, a Pope dies for sound theology After being elected the Bishop of Rome in 649, today's saint called a local Council which established the correct theology of the Church regarding the two wills of Christ. For this teaching and its broad dissemination, Martin was abducted in Rome by emissaries of the Byzantine Emperor Constans II, brought to Constantinople, and humiliated. Martin refused to retract or bend to the Emperor's incorrect theology, which denied that Christ had a human will. Martin was imprisoned, publicly flogged, maltreated, condemned for treason, and exiled from Constantinople to the Crimean Peninsula on the Black Sea. And there the Pope died—naked, starving, forgotten, and alone—far from Rome, in the year 655, a victim of bad theology and the last pope, so far, venerated as a martyr. The Council of Chalcedon in 451 had synthesized centuries of theological debate by teaching, authoritatively, that the divine nature of the Second Person of the Trinity and the human nature of Jesus were distinct but united in the one person of Jesus Christ. This merging of natures in one person is called the hypostatic union. The Son of God, then, truly took flesh and experienced all things, save sin, that a man experiences. So when Jesus said, “I am thirsty” (Jn 19:28), He didn't mean to say, “Just my human nature is thirsty.” And when His majestic voice echoed off the stone walls of Bethany calling, “Lazarus, come out!” (Jn 11:43), He didn't mean to say, “The divine nature inside of me, and only the divine nature, says ‘Lazarus, Come Out!'” Yet Eastern Christians, primarily in Egypt and Syria, clung to a Monophysite, or one nature, theology of Jesus Christ long after Chalcedon had settled the matter. The Second Council of Constantinople in 553 attempted, unsuccessfully, to pull the Monophysites back into the orbit of Chalcedon. By the 600s, tensions between Chalcedonians and Monophysites were a political problem for the Byzantine empire. So some Eastern theologians, supported by the Emperor, looked for common ground and proposed a one-willed Christ, instead of a one-natured Christ. This one-will heresy is called Monothelitism (monos = one; thelos = will). The issue of Christ's will(s) had never been formally resolved, so the Emperor hoped a one-willed, instead of a one-natured, Christ would placate the Monophysites and unite his theologically diverse subjects. Chalcedon's teaching on Christ's two natures was ontological, or just logical, and did not explain how a person operates with dual intellects and wills. Monothelitists argued that if Christ's two natures could seamlessly unite in one person, then so could His two wills. There was no human will in Christ, the argument went, because it was totally subsumed into the mightier divine will. But Pope Martin and others knew that this was theologically impossible, since a Christ without a functioning human will would have been a zombie, a ghost of a man. Nor could one argue that Jesus had one will divided into a divine and a human sphere, as Jesus was not a schizophrenic with a split identity. Martin's theology of the two wills was vindicated after his death when it was explicitly defined by the Third Council of Constantinople in 681. This Council taught Christ's human will was “in subjection to his divine and all-powerful will.” That is, Christ's two wills were separate in their natures but freely united in their object. How do two wills inside of one person enter into communion? In the same way that two wills in two different persons enter into communion. Each will gives free and independent assent to a principle, idea, or truth shared with the other will. The two wills retain their independence but freely unite in their assent to a common value. Thus Jesus' human will, in total freedom, submitted to the will of the Son of God. During his captivity, Martin was hurt by the indifference which the Church of Saint Peter in Rome paid to one of their own. Martin was also deeply pained when a new Pope was elected though he was still alive. It is every pope's duty to preserve the unity and integrity of the Church by preserving the unity and integrity of Christ. Martin did just that. The fruits of Martin's martyrdom advanced theology toward its correct conclusion on Christ's two wills in the decades after he died, even though poor Martin himself has been largely forgotten. His remains were returned to the Eternal City after his death and he now rests in peace somewhere under the marble floor of Saint Peter's Basilica. Pope Saint Martin I, through your intercession before the Father in Heaven, fortify all teachers and leaders of the Church to remain steadfast in the truth, to advocate for the truth, and to suffer for the truth, no matter the personal cost.

Modular
The Rise of Tiamat Session 34: The Third Council of Waterdeep

Modular

Play Episode Listen Later Jan 10, 2023 53:07


Gods those dragons were so cool. I really do love dragons. I think they're some of the most interesting things that the human imagination has come up with. Anyway, what's up with that message that Vtoroy got? I wonder who could be waiting for him. Maybe it's Max Hedman?? That'd be absolutely NUTS! Sound effects courtesy of Zapsplat

Will Wright Catholic
The Miracle of the Incarnation

Will Wright Catholic

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 12, 2022 28:14


IntroductionToday we are exploring one of the most important topics in human history: the Incarnation of the Word of God. What we celebrate on the Solemnity of the Annunciation and then nine months later on December 25th is the most marvelous of mysterious miracles. What does the Church definitively teach about the Incarnation? What is the Hypostatic Union? Is Jesus half-God and half-man or fully God and fully man? How does that work? What are some of the heresies about Christ?This week's episode will exclusively focus on the fact, nature, and truth of the Incarnation. There is far more to say about the nature of Christ than I can cover in one short episode. So, know that there is more to say, more distinctions to draw, and more fruitful reflection to be had! Next week, in a second part, we will explore the effects of the Incarnation on Christ Himself as well as the teaching of St. Thomas Aquinas on the fittingness of the Incarnation. As well, we will look at the effects of the Incarnation on humanity and the world. In other words, what is the significance of Christmas for you and I personally? The Marvelous Fact of the IncarnationTwo thousand years ago, the Eternal Word of God took on Flesh. In the Nicene Creed, Christians acclaim that: “For us men and for our salvation he came down from heaven; by the power of the Holy Spirit, he became incarnate of the Virgin Mary, and was made man.” Belief in the Incarnation of the Son of God, the second Person of the Blessed Trinity, is distinctively Christian. No other religion claims something so seemingly outlandish: that the Almighty God would condescend to share in His creation. Yet, this is the truth. The Incarnation is a marvelous fact, a “unique and altogether singular event (CCC 464)” to borrow the language of the Catechism. This marvelous reality is not simple to understand, nor is it something intuitively grasped by our feeble human intellect. However, there is much that God has revealed to us and unpacked through the guidance of the Holy Spirit over the centuries. The “Incarnation is… the mystery of the wonderful union of the divine and human natures in the one person of the Word (CCC 483).” We will walk through the Divinity of Jesus Christ then His human nature, and then we will be able to talk with some level of clarity on the Hypostatic Union. I am going to try hard to keep this simple without watering anything down. I will also try to define any technical terms that I use. My hope is that this will remain accessible while faithful and accurately explaining the Church's perennial teachings on the nature of the Incarnation. The Divinity of Jesus ChristTwo thousand years ago, Jesus of Nazareth was conceived and born, a real person of history. Historical consensus confirms this reality. We also have the faithful witness of the Old and New Testaments. In the Old Testament, the Psalms, the Wisdom Literature, and the Prophets all speak of the coming Messiah. The Jewish people at the time of Jesus were waiting for the Messiah, an anointed one, who would take the throne of King David and rule as a militaristic warrior to expel the Romans from the Holy Land. In the New Testament, St. Matthew traces the genealogy of Jesus back to Adam and St. Luke traces the genealogy of Jesus back to God Himself. St. Matthew's genealogy also particularly centers Jesus as the expected heir of David's throne. From the perspective of today, we, of course, know that Jesus did not come as a militaristic warrior-king. But, how do we know that Jesus Christ is God, that He is Divine?In the beginning of the Holy Gospel according to St. John, there is no genealogy. Instead, the prologue of John identifies Jesus with the uncreated Word of God through which all things were made: the Logos. The Word of God has become man and pitched His tent among us. He is the Emmanuel foretold by the Prophet Isaiah. The Gospels firmly show that Jesus is not merely another anointed one (messias), He is the Divine Messiah (cf. Mt. 1:23, 2:6; Mk. 1:2, Lk. 7:27). He is God's own Son (cf. Mt. 16:13; Jn. 10:36; Mk. 14:62; Lk. 1:35). And, finally, He is God. “In the beginning was the Word and the Word was with God and the Word was God… (cf. Jn. 1:1).” There is a phenomenal exploration of the claim to divinity of Jesus in the New Testament by Dr. Brant Pitre entitled: The Case for Jesus: The Biblical and Historical Evidence for Christ. I highly recommend reading that book, if you are interested!The remainder of the New Testament further solidifies the Divinity of Jesus Christ and this fact is upheld by the Fathers of the Church in the first millennium of the Church as well. By a singular miracle, the uncreated Son of God, consubstantial with the Father was made man and dwelt among us. He is, thus, truly and appropriately called a Divine Person. As the Council of Chalcedon in 451 A.D. put it: “We confess that our Lord Jesus Christ is not parted or divided into two persons, but is one and the same only-Begotten Son and Word of God (Chalcedon, Part ii, act. 5).”Modern academics of all stripes will try to poke holes in the doctrine of the divinity of Christ. This makes sense for those who wish to conform God to their viewpoint rather than be conformed by Him. If Jesus Christ is God, then everything He said carries the full authority of Almighty God.The Human Nature of Jesus ChristJesus Christ is fully God. But Jesus Christ is fully man, with flesh supplied from the womb of the Blessed Virgin Mary. He is a Divine Person, not a human person. However, He possesses a full and complete human nature: body and soul. As St. Thomas Aquinas puts it: “Although Christ is not the human nature, He has human nature (ST III, q. 10, a. 10, ad. 1).”The human nature of Christ is difficult to wrap our minds around. Some in the history of the Church, for example, have tried to claim that Jesus' human body was an illusion. To this, St. Augustine answers: "If the Body of Christ was a fancy, then Christ erred; and if Christ erred, then He is not the Truth. But Christ is the Truth; hence His Body was not a fancy' (Augustine, QQ. lxxxiii, q. 14; P.L., XL, 14).”Just as we acknowledge wholeheartedly that Jesus Christ is truly God, we also acknowledge that a true human soul animates the truly human body of Jesus. St. Thomas Aquinas explains:“The body is not said to be animated save from its union with the soul. Now the body of Christ is said to be animated, as the Church chants: ‘Taking an animate body, He deigned to be born of a Virgin' [Feast of the Circumcision, Ant. ii, Lauds]. Therefore in Christ there was a union of soul and body (cf. ST III, q. 2, a. 5, s.c.).”The Hypostatic UnionFully God and fully man, Jesus Christ is the God-Man. The central mystery within the mystery of the Incarnation is how the divinity and humanity of Jesus interact. This mystery is called the hypostatic union. Hypostasis is the Greek word for person. St. John Damascene teaches that “In our Lord Jesus Christ we acknowledge two natures, but one hypostasis composed from both (De Fide Orth. iii, 3, 4, 5). The Catholic Encyclopedia explains of this union:“We speak here of no moral union, no union in a figurative sense of the word; but a union that is physical, a union of two substances or natures so as to make One Person, a union which means that God is Man and Man is God in the Person of Jesus Christ (CE).”St. Thomas Aquinas speaks at length about the nature of the hypostatic union, but one insight that I find most helpful is the difference between assumption and uniting. He speaks of assumption as an action - the Word of God assumed human flesh. This is not wrong to say, but St. Thomas prefers the idea of uniting or becoming. The Word of God became flesh or united with the human flesh of Jesus at His first moment of existence. Here we can already run into problems if we are not careful. Did Jesus have a beginning? Yes! Did the Son of God have a beginning? No! He is begotten, not made, eternal and consubstantial with God the Father. As St. Thomas concisely explains: “Whatever has a beginning in time is created. Now this union was not from eternity, but began in time. Therefore the union is something created (ST III, q. 2, a. 7, s.c.).”There is a true union of divinity and humanity in Christ. But we should not think that the divinity of Christ overpowers and consumes the humanity of Christ. Pope Alexander III, in the 12th Century, quipped: “Since Christ is perfect God and perfect man, what foolhardiness have some to dare to affirm that Christ as man is not a substance?" In other words, the metaphysical substance of the human nature of Christ is real and persists, completely and perfectly united to His divine nature.How did this happen? How were the divinity and humanity of Jesus Christ united, in time? It is by God's grace! It is a true miracle, a unique and singular event. St. Thomas Aquinas echoes St. Augustine when he teaches: “Augustine says (De Praed. Sanct. xv): ‘By the same grace every man is made a Christian, from the beginning of his faith, as this man from His beginning was made Christ.' But this man became Christ by union with the Divine Nature. Therefore this union was by grace (ST III, q. 2, a. 10, s.c.).”Thank you for reading Will Wright Catholic. This post is public so feel free to share it.False Natures of the Incarnation - Heresies about ChristThere is no shortage of false teachings about Jesus Christ. Catholic orthodoxy is a thin line which has been guarded as a precious jewel from apostolic times. Without the authentic measure of orthodoxy provided by the Catholic Church, then any opinion would be fair game. In fact, this is unfortunately the state of affairs in many Protestant communions. Before we further clarify what the Catholic Church teaches truly about Jesus Christ, it is helpful to look at some of the heresies about Christ in the early Church. By looking at what the incarnation is not, we can come to a better understanding of what it is. There is a lot to be said about these heretics and heresies, but I am going to try to keep it brief.ArianismArius was a priest in Constantinople in the late 3rd Century and early 4th Century. He believed that God the Father was uniquely God and Christ was subordinate in every way to the Father. He denied the hypostatic union and believed that Christ was the highest of the creatures of God. No small historical issue, there was a time when the majority of the Church's episcopacy was Arian in belief. Suffice it to say, Catholic orthodoxy was victorious. The Council of Nicaea in 325 A.D., led by the great Saint Athanasius formulated the first version of the Nicene Creed that is professed on Sundays. We believe in “one Lord Jesus Christ… true God of true God… Who took Flesh, became Man and suffered.”NestorianismIn 428 A.D. the Patriarch of Constantinople was a man named Nestorius. He called the union of the two natures a mysterious and an inseparable joining, but would admit no unity in the strict sense of the word to be the result of this joining. The union of the two natures, to Nestorius, is not physical but moral. As he put it “the Word indwells in Jesus like as God indwells in the just.” There is not a true, physical and lasting union of divinity and humanity. To explain his view he said that Mary is the Mother of Christ (Christotokos) but not the Mother of God (Theotokos)Nestorius denied the hypostatic union but, unlike Arius before him, did acknowledge the divinity of Christ. He just did not believe that there was a physical union or substantial union of humanity and divinity. So, to Nestorius, when Christ suffered, He did so in His humanity, not in His divinity. On the contrary, Saint Athansius taught (against Apollinarius) that: “They err who say that it is one person who is the Son that suffered, and another person who did not suffer ...; the Flesh became God's own by nature [kata physin], not that it became consubstantial with the Divinity of the Logos as if coeternal therewith, but that it became God's own Flesh by its very nature [kata physin] (Contra Apollinarium, I, 12, in P.G., XXVI, 1113).”The Council of Ephesus in 431 A.D. condemned Nestorius as a heretic and defined that Mary was mother in the flesh of God's Word made Flesh. In this way, it is right to call her Theotokos or God-bearer. The specific anathema against Nestorianism was written by St. Cyril of Alexandria who wrote extensively on the nature of Christ. He said:“If in the one Christ anyone divides the substances, after they have been once united, and joins them together merely by a juxtaposition [mone symapton autas synapheia] of honour or of authority or of power and not rather by a union into a physical unity [synode te kath henosin physiken], let him be accursed (can. iii).”MonophysitismThe Christological heresies, so-called, did not end with the Council of Ephesus. Eutyches took part in that Council of Ephesus and was fiercely opposed to the teachings of Nestorius. However, he went too far in the other direction. He developed the heresy of Monophysitism which held that there was only one Person in Christ (which is true) but he only held one nature in Christ (which is heretical). His denial was that Christ was “consubstantial with us men” as St. Cyril of Alexandria held. Eutyches was stressing Christ's uniqueness, not intended to deny Christ's full manhood. The error of Eutyches is the cautionary tale of not swinging too far in our refutations.This heresy was condemned by the Council of Chalcedon in 451 A.D. It was formulated in this way:Jesus Christ remained, after the Incarnation, “perfect in Divinity and perfect in humanity… consubstantial with the Father according to His Divinity, consubstantial with us according to His humanity… one and the same Christ, the Son, the Lord, the Only begotten, to be acknowledged in two natures not intermingled, not changed, not divisible, not separable (cf. Denzinger, n. 148).”MonothelitismThe next heresy of monothelitism began orthodox enough. The monothelitists defended the union of two natures in one Divine Person. They went off the rails in saying that this Divine Person only had one divine will - they denied the human will of Jesus.Sacred Scripture teaches us that Jesus Christ has a human will. He performed acts of adoration, humility, and reverence. In the Garden of Gethsemane, He prayed to the Father that the “cup” of His sacrifice and death pass without His drinking it. Praying to the Father in this way, He showed His human aversion to death but also the human act of the will of obedience in saying: “not my will, but thine be done.”Monothelitism was condemned by the Third Council of Constantinople in 680 A.D. They defined that in Christ there were two natural wills and two natural activities, the Divine and the human, and that the human will was not at all contrary to the Divine, but rather perfectly subject thereto (cf. Denzinger, n. 291).The Truth About the Incarnation - Catholic TeachingBy way of summary, what then does the Church authentically teach about the nature of Christ and the hypostatic union? Jesus Christ is a Divine Hypostasis - a Divine Person. The unique hypostatic union of Jesus Christ is the complete union of two natures, one divine and one human, in one Divine Person without change, division, separation, or the like. When the Eternal Word of God took Flesh, there was no change in the Word. All the change that took place was in the Holy Flesh of Christ. At the moment of conception, in the womb of the Blessed Mother, through the forcefulness of God's activity, the human soul of Christ was created and the Word became the man that was conceived. Next Time on WWCNext time on WWC, we will explore the second part of this series on the incarnation. Namely, we will be looking at the effects of the Incarnation on Christ Himself, on the world, and on us! We will also look briefly at what St. Thomas Aquinas had to say on the fittingness of the Incarnation. For example, if mankind had not sinned, would God have still become incarnate?! Stop on by next time and see what the Angelic Doctor had to say. The next part of the series should also be a fruitful reflection for us entering into Christmas! Thanks for reading. See you next time on Will Wright Catholic!Thanks for reading Will Wright Catholic! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit willwrightcatholic.substack.com

Way of the Fathers with Mike Aquilina
2.6 Third Constantinople: Where There's a Will, There's Two

Way of the Fathers with Mike Aquilina

Play Episode Listen Later Sep 14, 2022 17:42


Leave it to intellectuals (in any age) to “solve” the world's problems in ways that create bigger problems. Monothelitism was a religious idea concocted by policy wonks in boardrooms. It was supposed to remedy the doctrinal differences that divided Constantinople from Egypt. It failed to do that, and it also provoked a schism between Constantinople and all of western Christendom. The Third Council of Constantinople was called in 680 to clean up the mess. LINKS Christoph Cardinal Schonborn, God Sent His Son: A Contemporary Christology https://www.amazon.com/God-Sent-Christoph-Cardinal-Schonborn/dp/158617410X/ Maximus the Confessor, On the Cosmic Mystery of Jesus Christ (an anthology of his works) https://www.amazon.com/Cosmic-Mystery-Jesus-Christ/dp/088141249X/ Maximus the Confessor: Selected Writings https://www.amazon.com/Maximus-Confessor-Selected-Writings-Spirituality/dp/0809126591/ Mike Aquilina's website https://fathersofthechurch.com Mike Aquilina's books https://catholicbooksdirect.com/writer/mike-aquilina/ Theme music: Gaudeamus (Introit for the Feast of All Saints), sung by Jeff Ostrowski. Courtesy of Corpus Christi Watershed http://www.ccwatershed.org Donate today! https://www.catholicculture.org/users/donate/audio

Clarifying Catholicism
Constaninople III (The Ecumenical Councils Part 8)

Clarifying Catholicism

Play Episode Listen Later Jun 24, 2022 6:37


In part eight of this series about the ecumenical councils according to the Catholic Church, Will Deatherage examines the Third Council of Constantinople, which addressed the monothelitism controversy.

Catholic Saints & Feasts
April 13: Saint Martin I, Pope and Martyr

Catholic Saints & Feasts

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 12, 2022 6:20


April 13: Saint Martin I, Pope and Martyrc. 590–655Memorial; Liturgical Color: RedExiled, abandoned, starving, a Pope dies for sound theologyAfter being elected the Bishop of Rome in 649, today's saint called a local Council which established the correct theology of the Church regarding the two wills of Christ. For this teaching and its broad dissemination, Martin was abducted in Rome by emissaries of the Byzantine Emperor Constans II, brought to Constantinople, and humiliated. Martin refused to retract or bend to the Emperor's incorrect theology, which denied that Christ had a human will. Martin was imprisoned, publicly flogged, maltreated, condemned for treason, and exiled from Constantinople to the Crimean Peninsula on the Black Sea. And there the Pope died—naked, starving, forgotten, and alone—far from Rome, in the year 655, a victim of bad theology and the last pope, so far, venerated as a martyr.The Council of Chalcedon in 451 had synthesized centuries of theological debate by teaching, authoritatively, that the divine nature of the Second Person of the Trinity and the human nature of Jesus were distinct but united in the one person of Jesus Christ. This merging of natures in one person is called the hypostatic union. The Son of God, then, truly took flesh and experienced all things, save sin, that a man experiences. So when Jesus said, “I am thirsty” (Jn 19:28), He didn't mean to say, “Just my human nature is thirsty.” And when His majestic voice echoed off the stone walls of Bethany calling, “Lazarus, come out!” (Jn 11:43), He didn't mean to say, “The divine nature inside of me, and only the divine nature, says ‘Lazarus, Come Out!'”Yet Eastern Christians, primarily in Egypt and Syria, clung to a Monophysite, or one nature, theology of Jesus Christ long after Chalcedon had settled the matter. The Second Council of Constantinople in 553 attempted, unsuccessfully, to pull the Monophysites back into the orbit of Chalcedon. By the 600s, tensions between Chalcedonians and Monophysites were a political problem for the Byzantine empire. So some Eastern theologians, supported by the Emperor, looked for common ground and proposed a one-willed Christ, instead of a one-natured Christ. This one-will heresy is called Monothelitism (monos = one; thelos = will). The issue of Christ's will(s) had never been formally resolved, so the Emperor hoped a one-willed, instead of a one-natured, Christ would placate the Monophysites and unite his theologically diverse subjects.Chalcedon's teaching on Christ's two natures was ontological, or just logical, and did not explain how a person operates with dual intellects and wills. Monothelitists argued that if Christ's two natures could seamlessly unite in one person, then so could His two wills. There was no human will in Christ, the argument went, because it was totally subsumed into the mightier divine will. But Pope Martin and others knew that this was theologically impossible, since a Christ without a functioning human will would have been a zombie, a ghost of a man. Nor could one argue that Jesus had one will divided into a divine and a human sphere, as Jesus was not a schizophrenic with a split identity.Martin's theology of the two wills was vindicated after his death when it was explicitly defined by the Third Council of Constantinople in 681. This Council taught Christ's human will was “in subjection to his divine and all-powerful will.” That is, Christ's two wills were separate in their natures but freely united in their object. How do two wills inside of one person enter into communion? In the same way that two wills in two different persons enter into communion. Each will gives free and independent assent to a principle, idea, or truth shared with the other will. The two wills retain their independence but freely unite in their assent to a common value. Thus Jesus' human will, in total freedom, submitted to the will of the Son of God.During his captivity, Martin was hurt by the indifference which the Church of Saint Peter in Rome paid to one of their own. Martin was also deeply pained when a new Pope was elected though he was still alive. It is every pope's duty to preserve the unity and integrity of the Church by preserving the unity and integrity of Christ. Martin did just that. The fruits of Martin's martyrdom advanced theology toward its correct conclusion on Christ's two wills in the decades after he died, even though poor Martin himself has been largely forgotten. His remains were returned to the Eternal City after his death and he now rests in peace somewhere under the marble floor of Saint Peter's Basilica.Pope Saint Martin I, through your intercession before the Father in Heaven, fortify all teachers and leaders of the Church to remain steadfast in the truth, to advocate for the truth, and to suffer for the truth, no matter the personal cost.

Truthspresso
Is Jesus Like Doctor Octopus? (part 3)

Truthspresso

Play Episode Listen Later Feb 7, 2022 54:48


We are continuing and finally concluding a series of episodes comparing Jesus to superheroes. This series will tackle wrong ideas about Jesus from church history in chronological order. A superhero (in this case a super villain) will represent each of these ideas. This is part 3 of 3 of "Is Jesus Like Doctor Octopus?" In this episode we cover two takeaways from the monothelite controversy that matter to us today: Monothelitism compromises substitutionary atonement (Heb 2:14-18; 4:15; 5:7-9). The barrage of anathemas against Pope Honorius I who was complicit in the error refutes the Roman Catholic dogma of papal infallibility. Sources Consulted: "https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/3813.htm (Third Council of Constantinople)," New Advent, Accessed February 6, 2022. Philip Schaff, ed., "https://ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf214/npnf214.xiii.viii.html (The Sentence Against the Monothelites)." Christian Classics Ethereal Library, Accessed February 6, 2022. Ibid., "https://ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf214/npnf214.xiii.ix.html (Session XVI)," Christian Classics Ethereal Library, Accessed February 6, 2022. Ibid., "https://ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf214/npnf214.xiii.x.html (The Definition of Faith)," Christian Classics Ethereal Library, Accessed February 6, 2022. Ibid., "https://ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf214/npnf214.xiii.xi.html (The Prosphoneticus to the Emperor)," Christian Classics Ethereal Library, Accessed February 6, 2022. Ibid., "https://ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf214/npnf214.xiii.xii.html (Letter of the Council to St. Agatho)," Christian Classics Ethereal Library, Accessed February 6, 2022. Ibid., "https://ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf214/npnf214.xiii.xiv.html (The Imperial Edict Posted in the Third Atrium of the Great Church Near What is Called Dicymbala)," Christian Classics Ethereal Library, Accessed February 6, 2022. Ibid., "https://ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf214/npnf214.xiv.iii.i.html (The Canons of the Council in Trullo)," Christian Classics Ethereal Library, Accessed February 6, 2022. Ibid., "https://ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf214/npnf214.xiii.xiii.html (Excursus on the Condemnation of Pope Honorius)," Christian Classics Ethereal Library, Accessed February 6, 2022. Scriptures Cited: Hebrews 2:14-18; 4:15; 5:7-9 ***** Like what you hear? https://www.truthspresso.com/donate (Donate) to Truthspresso and give a shot of support! *****

Cincinnati Edition
Third Council Person Arrested; 'Hillbilly Elegy' Panned And More Top Stories This Week

Cincinnati Edition

Play Episode Listen Later Nov 20, 2020 48:47


On Cincinnati Edition 's weekly news review:

Hear Cincinnati
Local Black athletes speak on racism; P.G. Sittenfeld third council member arrested

Hear Cincinnati

Play Episode Listen Later Nov 20, 2020 65:20


Our panel talks about the Black economy in Cincinnati, employment opportunities at an upcoming job fair, and new Covid-19 restrictions. Next, reporter Jasmine Minor joins the podcast to discuss her series, "The Game," where local Black athletes spoke about trauma that racism leaves behind. Finally, I-Team reporter Paula Christian explains the charges and arrest of P.G Sittenfeld, the third Cincinnati City Council Member arrest for corruption this year. Notable Links: Is Cincinnati 'not the place' for Black success? Kroger, Cintas, Cincinnati Bell and more are part of this huge career fair -- sign up now NKY libraries alter services to follow new pandemic restrictions Kentucky business owners adapt plans as latest round of COVID-19 restrictions announced Wednesday The Game: Local Black athletes speak on trauma that racism leaves behind Feds: Cincinnati City Councilman P.G. Sittenfeld solicited $40K in exchange for votes 'It's time to clean house': Mayor Cranley, City Council react to third public-corruption arrest P.G. Sittenfeld: 'I do not give up. I will not give up,' after arrest on federal corruption charges Twitter: @hearcincinnati See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

PONTIFACTS
84. John V

PONTIFACTS

Play Episode Listen Later Aug 17, 2020 19:52


Pope Blackfish was "in every way, temperate", but let's not get him out of bed.  In his episode, we discuss his role in the Third Council of Constantinople, continued imperial relations, presumptuous bishops, and we clearly don't know what Blackfish is about.

PONTIFACTS
82. Leo II

PONTIFACTS

Play Episode Listen Later Jul 20, 2020 38:19


Leo made the greatest impression on the writer of the Liber Pontificalis, who has much to say about his beautiful singing voice. In his episode, we discuss the transfer of endangered relics, finalizing the Third Council of Constantinople, shoring up papal primacy in a contentious Ravenna, and Irish Bullies. Notes: Celtic Monks - https://commons.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Meister_des_Book_of_Durrow_001.jpg#mw-jump-to-license

PONTIFACTS
Council Episode: The Third Council of Constantinople

PONTIFACTS

Play Episode Listen Later May 18, 2020 27:43


The sixth ecumenical council of the church centered on the Monothelitism and Monoenergism controversies. After many years of struggle, the new emperor set his sights on religious reconciliation, and the result is a nearly yearlong council to confirm a dyothelite Christology. In this episode we discuss the Letter of Agatho, the acclamations of the fathers and anathemas of the besmirchers, and the spectacle of Polychronus and the corpse.

Sensus Fidelium Catholic Podcast
Resistance Podcast 58: Third Council of Constantinople w/ Dr. Alan Fimister

Sensus Fidelium Catholic Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later May 12, 2020 92:24


http://dialogos-institute.org/ https://www.amazon.com/Integralism-Thomas-Crean/dp/3868382259 ***Donations to Sensus Fidelium is 501(c)3 tax deductible***

PONTIFACTS
81. Agatho

PONTIFACTS

Play Episode Listen Later May 4, 2020 43:14


Agatho entered the church quite late after a full career in business, and life as a monk - two entire lives before the papacy. In his episode, we discuss a return of St Wilfrid of York, the papal letter that formed the foundation of the Third Council of Constantinople, and is there bugs?   Catch Maro at Storia D'Italia: https://www.podbean.com/podcast-detail/ziyh4-a1352/Storia-d%27Italia-Podcast

The History of Spain Podcast
Visigothic conversion to Catholicism

The History of Spain Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later May 29, 2019 30:33


This is episode 16 called Visigothic conversion to Catholicism and in this episode you will learn: SHOW NOTES - Why there was a religious conflict in Visigothic Spain between Catholics and Arians - Why the reformed Arianism of Leovigild didn't work and why it was so difficult to make Catholicism the state religion of the Visigothic Kingdom - What King Reccared did to reduce opposition following his conversion - Details about the three attempts to overthrow Reccared between his personal conversion and the Third Council of Toledo and how the Visigoths repelled the Frankish invasion of Septimania - Reccared's strategy to strengthen royal power using the Church - Third Council of Toledo: Visigoths abdjure the Arian heresy and embrace Catholicism, alliance between the Visigothic state and the Church and firsts anti-Jewish policies - Why Reccared's religious policy wasn't that different from that of Leovigild and the implications of the religious unity of Visigoths and Hispano-Romans - Comparison of the Medieval and modern concept of nation and how Isidore of Seville blended the Visigoths and Hispano-Romans together in one nation - The idea of mater Spania and the breakup with the ancient historiography to develop a national narrative - Minor events of the reign of Reccared and the short reign of his son Liuva II - The reigns of Witteric and Gundemar - Reflection about the long-term consequences of the alliance between the Visigothic state and the Catholic Church and the unique mix of caesaropapism and theocracy that resulted from it

Bible over Brews
Bible over Brews : #3 The Councils-pt 1

Bible over Brews

Play Episode Listen Later Sep 15, 2018 63:43


Steve, Gumbi, Mike, Kelvin and Aaron “Kru Juice”, talk about the councils and how they define the faith, The councils, First Council of Nicaea (325) Arianism, Homoousius-Jesus and father are one, developed the Creed, excommunicated the Arians, defined beginning of great lent, determined the time of Easter, discussed how to integrate believers back in from Schism of Meliton, outlined relationship among the diocese, First Council of Constantinople (381) defense of the Holy Spirit, the defense of Jesus human nature, baptism on Trinity confirmed, First Council of Ephesus (431) Council of Chalcedon (451) Second Council of Constantinople (553) Third Council of Constantinople (680–681) Second Council of Nicaea (787) --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/bibleoverbrews/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/bibleoverbrews/support

Bible over Brews
Bible over Brews : #4 The Councils-pt 2

Bible over Brews

Play Episode Listen Later Sep 15, 2018 67:59


Steve, Gumbi, Mike, Kelvin and Aaron “Kru Juice”, talk about the councils and how they define the faith, The councils, First Council of Nicaea (325) Arianism, Homoousius-Jesus and father are one, developed the Creed, excommunicated the Arians, defined beginning of great lent, determined the time of Easter, discussed how to integrate believers back in from Schism of Meliton, outlined relationship among the diocese, First Council of Constantinople (381) defense of the Holy Spirit, the defense of Jesus human nature, baptism on Trinity confirmed, First Council of Ephesus (431) Council of Chalcedon (451) Second Council of Constantinople (553) Third Council of Constantinople (680–681) Second Council of Nicaea (787) --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/bibleoverbrews/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/bibleoverbrews/support

Bible over Brews
Bible over Brews : #3 The Councils-pt 1

Bible over Brews

Play Episode Listen Later Sep 15, 2018 63:43


Steve, Gumbi, Mike, Kelvin and Aaron “Kru Juice”, talk about the councils and how they define the faith, The councils, First Council of Nicaea (325) Arianism, Homoousius-Jesus and father are one, developed the Creed, excommunicated the Arians, defined beginning of great lent, determined the time of Easter, discussed how to integrate believers back in from Schism of Meliton, outlined relationship among the diocese, First Council of Constantinople (381) defense of the Holy Spirit, the defense of Jesus human nature, baptism on Trinity confirmed, First Council of Ephesus (431) Council of Chalcedon (451) Second Council of Constantinople (553) Third Council of Constantinople (680–681) Second Council of Nicaea (787) --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/bibleoverbrews/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/bibleoverbrews/support

Bible over Brews
Bible over Brews : #4 The Councils-pt 2

Bible over Brews

Play Episode Listen Later Sep 15, 2018 67:59


Steve, Gumbi, Mike, Kelvin and Aaron “Kru Juice”, talk about the councils and how they define the faith, The councils, First Council of Nicaea (325) Arianism, Homoousius-Jesus and father are one, developed the Creed, excommunicated the Arians, defined beginning of great lent, determined the time of Easter, discussed how to integrate believers back in from Schism of Meliton, outlined relationship among the diocese, First Council of Constantinople (381) defense of the Holy Spirit, the defense of Jesus human nature, baptism on Trinity confirmed, First Council of Ephesus (431) Council of Chalcedon (451) Second Council of Constantinople (553) Third Council of Constantinople (680–681) Second Council of Nicaea (787) --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/bibleoverbrews/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/bibleoverbrews/support

The History of the Christian Church

We've worked our way through 6 of what are known as the 7 Ecumenical Councils of Church History. We've examined the Councils and the Creeds they produced. Although, after the First Council in 325 at Nicaea, each subsequent Council claimed that all it was doing was refining the verbiage of the Nicaean Creed. Each claimed it was merely an extension of the ground-breaking work of that first august Council convened by the Emperor Constantine I.It seems fitting then that the last of the 7 Ecumenical Councils should come back to Nicaea 450 yrs later. But it's work had little to do with the Nicaean Creed.These 7 Councils are called Ecumenical because they are generally accepted by both the Western Roman Catholic & Eastern Orthodox churches as normative in defining doctrine. The Roman Church adds additional Councils and their creeds as definitive which the Eastern Church rejects as the Eastern Church recognizes its own councils and creeds Rome ignores. And of course the huge Nestorian Church in the East stopped honoring the councils with Ephesus.Before we get to the 7th Council, we need to talk a bit about a Council that was held 12 yrs after the Third Council of Constantinople we ended the last episode with.In 692, Emperor Justinian II convened yet another council in the Eastern capital to finish some of the work that had been omitted by both the 5th & 6th Councils, notably, some canons that needed addressing. For that reason, this Council is called the 5th-6th Council. But since that sounds silly, let's use Latin so it'll sound more scholarly = Voila! It's the Quinisext Council. It was attended by 215 only Eastern bishops.Most of the canon work that was done aimed at settling ritual differences and coming to a standard practice of discipline for clergy in different regions. Since the Council was attended exclusively by Eastern bishops, it was the Eastern practice what was approved, at the expense of those in the West.The Council condemned the custom of Armenian churches who used undiluted wine in Communion. They also banned clerical nepotism, and the atrocious practice of eating eggs and cheese on the Saturdays and Sundays of Lent. Several canons seemed aimed at provoking hostility from Rome.While the Orthodox Church accepts the Quinisext Council as legit, Western Churches never accepted it as authoritative or in any sense ecumenical. How could it be when no Western bishop attended. Oh, there was a supposed papal legate in attendance; at least the record marks him there.But Rome says no such person ever existed! The Council made him up to make it appear the Pope's authority was included. The Venerable Bede called the Quinisext Council the “Reprobate Synod.”The Pope at the time of the Council was Sergius I. He refused to endorse the canons & was ordered arrested by the Emperor & carried to Constantinople. But the City of Ravenna's militia thwarted the troops attempt to seize him.Ah. Isn't all this just lovely stuff? Isn't it wonderful hearing about how loving and humble church leaders were? This is what happens when Church & State become aligned under the rule of frail, fallible human beings. This is what happens when those IN authority fail to abide under it.One of the most important products of the Quinisext Council was the official establishment of Pentarchy.Pentarchy was originally articulated in legislation laid out by Emperor Justinian I in the mid 6th C, then included in canon law in the Council which ranked the ecclesiastical sees of Rome, Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch and Jerusalem in order of authority & pre-eminence in that order. Justinian linked the administrative authority of the Church to that of the State. Rome was regarded as first among equals. But by the time of the Quinisext Council, Constantinople was regarded as New Rome and had achieve parity with Rome in terms of ecclesiastical weight. At least, the Eastern Bishops thought so. Rome and the west, not so much. So they rejected the Council outright.While the Pentarchy was a technical reality due to Justinian's legislation, it had little weight in determining anything other than one more point for the East & West to argue over.And that brings us to the 7th Ecumenical Council – the Second Council of Nicaea, in 787.In a word, it met to deal with the use of icons.Since we dealt with the Iconoclast Controversy in Season 1, we'll summarize here.The veneration of icons was banned by the Byzantine Emperor Constantine V. His actions were endorsed by the Council of Hieria in 754. Now, you know how people are. Whatever the ruler says, they all happily comply with, right? Especially when it comes to religious sensitivities and issues of conscience. Yeah – not so much.The iconodules, that is, the supporters of icons rallied and staged a protest that was nothing if not vehement. But the Emperor stuck to his guns and kept the iconoclast policy in place. He vigorously enforcement the ban & persecuted violators. His son, Leo IV continued his policy but died while still young. Leo's widow, Irene of Athens, then acted as regent and began a restoration of icon veneration.In 784, the imperial secretary Tarasius was appointed as the successor to Constantinople's Patriarch, Paul IV. Not wanting to take charge of a fragmented church, he consented to become Patriarch on the condition icons could once again be venerated. But since a Council claiming to be ecumenical had abolished icons, another council could be necessary to re- allow them.To make the Council genuinely ecumenical, the Eastern Church realized it HAD to include the Western Church and invited Pope Adrian I to participate. He accepted, but showed his authorization of the Council by sending legates as his reps.The Council met in the Church of the Holy Apostles in Constantinople in 786. When iconoclast elements of the military sought to break it up, the government devised a way to get rid of them. They mocked up a bogus campaign & sent the troops to go deal with it. Once they arrived at their destination, they were surrounded, disarmed, and disbanded.The Council was once again summoned to meet, but since the Capital was still torn by iconoclast factions, they chose to meet in nearby Nicaea. The Council met for their First Session on Sept 24, 787 with 350 bishops & their attendants. Patriarch Tarasius presided over 7 sessions that lasted through later October.The main work of the Council was to reinstall the veneration of icons in the worship of the Church.Both the Eastern & Western Churches endorsed the findings of the Council. The last time they'd agree on just about anything.