Podcasts about adrianople

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Best podcasts about adrianople

Latest podcast episodes about adrianople

It Just So Happened - an alternative history show
IJSH66 - EDINBURGH - 9th August 2024

It Just So Happened - an alternative history show

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 6, 2025 60:26


This episode (no. 66) was recorded at The Hill Street Theatre in the Edinburgh Fringe on 9th August 2024. The panellists were Eppie Brilliant, Luis Alcada and Andy Bullick, and the host was Richard Pulsford. We presented On This Day topics from across a wide historical timespan: - the Battle of Adrianople, on 9th August 378 - the Leaning Tower of Pisa was founded, on 9th August 1173 - the patent for the world's first washing machine was issued, on 9th August 1910 - singer Cliff Richard signed with EMI records, on 9th August 1958 - novelist Herman Hesse died, on 9th August 1962 - Britain's first nudist beach opened, on 9th August 1979

LOST ROMAN HEROES
Lost Roman Heroes - Episode 63: Galla Placidia

LOST ROMAN HEROES

Play Episode Listen Later Feb 16, 2025 101:24


Granddaughter of bear-loving Emperor Valentinian I, granddaughter of last-of-the-mohicans Count Theodosius, and daughter of Emperor Theodosius who salvaged the Empire after Adrianople, Galla Placidia had the bluest blue running through her veins.  One might be tempted to think, that after having been born in this most privileged of positions, she had an easy life?  Yet that could not be farther from the truth.  Orphaned at the age of 3, besieged in Rome at 16, and kidnapped by the Goths at 17, life threw every conceivable challenge at Galla Placidia and she survived them all, surfing the tumultuous waves of chaos that buffeted the Western Roman Empire in its final days.  Our first female heroine candidate earned every last little ounce of the legend surrounding her life.  

LOST ROMAN HEROES
Lost Roman Heroes - Episode 59: Theodosius I

LOST ROMAN HEROES

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 22, 2024 110:04


Theodosius, son of the legendary Count Theodosius, was thrust into one of the most desperate situations in Rome's history, in the wake of the utter bloodbath at Adrianople in 378AD.  Inheriting the mantle of the East, with no army to call upon, and with the Goths rampaging in the Roman heartland, for some reason, Theodosius answered the call, in somehow, he would find a way to put the pieces together again.

Everything Everywhere Daily History Podcast
The Battle of Adrianople

Everything Everywhere Daily History Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later May 19, 2024 14:14


On August 9, 378, one of the most important battles in history took place.  While largely forgotten today, it was a critical battle that contributed to the collapse of the Roman Empire.  It wasn't just a loss for the Roman army; it also resulted in the death of an emperor, and it also contributed to the rise of a group known as the Visigoths, who would go on to spread throughout much of Europe over the next several centuries.  Learn more about the Battle of Adrianople and how it changed the course of history on this episode of Everything Everywhere Daily. Sponsors Available nationally, look for a bottle of Heaven Hill Bottled-in-Bond at your local store. Find out more at heavenhilldistillery.com/hh-bottled-in-bond.php Sign up today at butcherbox.com/daily and use code daily to choose your free offer and get $20 off. Visit BetterHelp.com/everywhere today to get 10% off your first month. Use the code EverythingEverywhere for a 20% discount on a subscription at Newspapers.com. Visit meminto.com and get 15% off with code EED15.  Listen to Expedition Unknown wherever you get your podcasts.  Get started with a $13 trial set for just $3 at harrys.com/EVERYTHING. Subscribe to the podcast!  https://link.chtbl.com/EverythingEverywhere?sid=ShowNotes -------------------------------- Executive Producer: Charles Daniel Associate Producers: Ben Long & Cameron Kieffer   Become a supporter on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/everythingeverywhere Update your podcast app at newpodcastapps.com Discord Server: https://discord.gg/UkRUJFh Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/everythingeverywhere/ Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/everythingeverywheredaily Twitter: https://twitter.com/everywheretrip Website: https://everything-everywhere.com/ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Bow and Blade
The Battle of Adrianople (378)

Bow and Blade

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 24, 2023 65:16


In what could be considered the first battle of the Middle Ages, the Roman Emperor Valens goes to war against the Goths in southeastern Europe. In this episode of Bow & Blade, Michael and Kelly talk about the battle and why the Romans suffered such a massive defeat. You can support this podcast and Medievalists.net on Patreon - go to https://www.patreon.com/medievalists

The Podcast of the Lotus Eaters
PREVIEW: Epochs #119 | The Fall of Rome

The Podcast of the Lotus Eaters

Play Episode Listen Later Aug 13, 2023 28:57


This week Beau and Carl chat about three important episodes in the decline and fall of the western Roman Empire. Firstly, the battle of Adrianople, where the eastern Roman emperor Valens was killed. Secondly the first sack of Rome by Alaric the Visigoth, and finally the ultimate humiliation of Rome by Attila the Hun.

Lions Led By Donkeys Podcast
Episode 268 - The Battle of Adrianople

Lions Led By Donkeys Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Jul 17, 2023 63:04


Bad customs officers cause an uprising so bad it contributes to the fall of rome. Support the show: https://www.patreon.com/lionsledbydonkeys Sources: Alessandro Barbero. The Day of the Barbarians. Peter Heather. The Fall of the Roman Empire. https://warfarehistorynetwork.com/the-gothic-wars-battle-of-adrianople/ https://www.historynet.com/adrianople-last-great-battle-of-antiquity/ https://warfarehistorynetwork.com/article/roman-disaster-at-adrianople/

Restitutio
504 Early Church History 22: Byzantine Empire from Constantine to Justinian

Restitutio

Play Episode Listen Later Jul 14, 2023 59:32


This is part 22 of the Early Church History class. This episode aims to wrap up our early church history class. We'll cover relics and pilgrimage, emperors Zeno and Justinian, as well as the theological battles that continued to rage in the 5th and 6th centuries. Unsurprisingly the christological controversy of the 5th century did not come to an end when the emperor endorsed the Council of Chalcedon of 451 that declared Jesus to have two natures "unconfusedly, unchangeably, indivisibly, and inseparably." In addition to covering the Second Council of Constantinople of 553, we'll also briefly consider how the dual natures doctrine continued to foment division resulting in the Third Council of Constantinople in 681 and the Second Council of Nicea in 787. Listen to this episode on Spotify or Apple Podcasts https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=59zyj9dMH4k&list=PLN9jFDsS3QV2lk3B0I7Pa77hfwKJm1SRI&index=22 —— Links —— More Restitutio resources on Christian history See other classes here Support Restitutio by donating here Join our Restitutio Facebook Group and follow Sean Finnegan on Twitter @RestitutioSF Leave a voice message via SpeakPipe with questions or comments and we may play them out on the air Intro music: Good Vibes by MBB Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0) Free Download / Stream: Music promoted by Audio Library. Who is Sean Finnegan?  Read his bio here —— Notes —— Byzantine Beginnings 293 Diocletian initiated the division between east and west with his tetrarchy. 330 Constantine built a “New Rome” on the cite of old Byzantium, naming it Constantinople. Constantine's mother, Helena, initiated the pilgrimage movement. 381 Egeria wrote a travelogue to her friends that influenced later pilgrimages. Helena also sent Constantine relics of the true cross. 397 Martin of Tours died, leaving behind his cloak, which became a famous relic. Fifth Century Developments Theodosius I (r. 379-392) had outlawed pagan sacrifices and endorsed Trinitarian Christianity as the official religion of the Roman Empire. Arian Germanic tribes moved into the western Roman Empire and began taking territory. 378 Visigoths win at Adrianople. 410 Alaric sacked Rome. 455 Vandals sacked Rome. 476 Odoacer deposes the last Roman Augustus. 493 Theodoric and the Ostrogoths took Italy. Zeno's Henotikon 451 Chalcedon affirmed the dyophysite position (two natures in one person). 488 Byzantine Emperor Zeno attempted to reconcile monophysites and dyophysites by condemning Eutyches and Nestorius and approving Cyril's 12 anathemas (Henotikon). Chalcedon remained controversial with Christianity now split into several groups: Arian Germanic kingdoms, monophysites (Egypt and Ethiopia), Chalcedonian dyophysites (Rome & Constantinople), and Nestorian dyophysites (Syria and Persia). Justinian (482-565) 525 Justinian married Theodora and became co-emperor with Justin. 527 Justinian became the sole emperor. 528 He initiated legal reforms under John the Cappadocian and Tribonian. 532 Nika riots 537 He finished Hagia Sophia, whispering, “O Solomon, I have surpassed you!” 555 He had retaken much of the Roman Empire, including Italy, North Africa, and part of Spain. More Christology Councils 553 Justinian called for the Second Council of Constantinople. Condemned the 3 chapters Condemned Nestorius Condemned Origen of Alexandria 681 Third Council of Constantinople Condemned monotheletism, concluding that Jesus had 2 wills that never conflict. 787 Second Council of Nicaea Iconoclasts were fighting with iconodules. Some considered icons Nestorian while others called them Monophysite. Affirmed veneration of icons. 843 Iconaclasm controversy broke out. Empress Theodora upheld the ruling of Nicaea II. Review In 293, Diocletian split the administration of the Roman Empire into east and west, appointing an Augustus in each. In 330, Constantine founded Constantinople in the old town of Byzantium, making it his administrative capital. While the west fell to Germanic Arians and the Huns, the Roman Empire in the east continued until 1453. Byzantine emperors played barbarian warlords off each other in an attempt to keep them from taking Constantinople. From the fourth century onwards, Byzantines embraced relics and pilgrimages to holy places. Byzantine emperor Justinian made a lasting impact on law via the work of Tribonian to identify, harmonize, and codify Roman law. Justinian succeeded, mostly due to the military genius of Belisarius, to retake northern Africa, Italy, and part of Spain. Justinian built and improved several churches, the most notable of which was his renovation of the Hagia Sophia. In 553, the Second Council of Constantinople condemned three writings critical of Cyril of Alexandria to reunite with the Egyptian and Syrian churches, but ultimately failed. In 681, the Third Council of Constantinople condemned monothelitism, affirming that Christ had two wills. In 787, the Second Council of Nicaea affirmed the veneration of icons, denying icons either were too monophysite or Nestorian.

Restitutio
501 Early Church History 19: Arian Kingdoms from Ulfilas to Clovis

Restitutio

Play Episode Listen Later Jun 22, 2023 42:54


This is part 19 of the Early Church History class. Even though the Roman Empire chose Nicene Christianity as it's "orthodoxy," subordinationist Christianity continued to exist, especially outside among the Germanic tribes. In this episode, you'll learn about Ulfilas the Missionary to the Goths who not only brought Christianity to these "barbarians," but also made them an alphabet and translated most of the bible into Gothic. Next, we'll briefly survey the major Germanic tribes, including the Visigoths, Ostrogoths, Vandals, Burgundians, Lombards, and finally the Franks. This little known chapter of history when the Arian kingdoms took over the Roman Empire had a massive effects on Europe and North Africa for centuries to come. Listen to this episode on Spotify or Apple Podcasts https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jP9T3V1AWIs&list=PLN9jFDsS3QV2lk3B0I7Pa77hfwKJm1SRI&index=19&t=27s&pp=iAQB —— Links —— See also 494 Early Church History 12: Arius and Alexander of Alexandria and 423 One God 13: The Fourth Century More Restitutio resources on Christian history See other classes here Support Restitutio by donating here Join our Restitutio Facebook Group and follow Sean Finnegan on Twitter @RestitutioSF Leave a voice message via SpeakPipe with questions or comments and we may play them out on the air Intro music: Good Vibes by MBB Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0) Free Download / Stream: Music promoted by Audio Library. Who is Sean Finnegan?  Read his bio here —— Notes —— Ulfilas, Missionary to the Goths 340 Subordinationist bishops ordained Ulfilas bishop to the Visigoths 341-347 lived with the Goths and preached to them Ulfilas translated the Bible into Gothic. Rule of Faith: “I believe in one God the Father, alone ingenerate and invisible, and in his only-begotten Son, our Lord and God, artificer and maker of the whole creation, who has nobody like him–therefore there is one God the Father of all who is also God of our God–and in one Holy Spirit, the power which illuminates and sanctifies, as Christ said after the resurrection to his apostles, and he (i.e. the Spirit) is not God nor our God, but the minister of Christ ... subordinate and obedient in all things to the Son, and the Son subordinate and obedient in all things to his God and Father…”[1] Huns The Huns were a nomadic confederation of Mongolian tribes who began entering Europe in the fourth century. Ammianus Marcellinus described them as utter savages who never bathed or changed their clothes and lived on their horses. Atilla the Hun (r. 434-453) attacked Persia, the Balkans, Constantinople, Gaul, and Italy, terrifying many within the Roman Empire (both East and West). Visigoths Eudoxius, Bishop of Constantinople (r. 360-370) succeeding in establishing communion with Visigoths Eudoxius was an Anomean (Heteroousian) like Eunomius 376 Visigoths petitioned the emperor to enter the Roman Empire. Permission was granted, but local Roman leaders badly mistreated the Visigoths. 377 Visigoths rebelled. 378 Visigoths defeated and killed Emperor Valens at the Battle of Adrianople. 410 Alaric sacked and looted Rome. 418 Visigoths settled in Gaul, then Spain 589 Visigoths converted to Catholicism at the Council of Toledo. Ostrogoths 453 Atilla the Hun died, resulting in rebellion against the Huns. 476 Odoacer removed the last western Roman Augustus from power (Romulus Augustulus). 488-493 Byzantine Emperor Zeno asked Theodoric and Ostrogoths to conquer Italy and rule as his client. 493 Theodoric and Ostrogoths began ruling Italy as Arians over Roman Catholics. 535 Byzantine Emperor Justinian conquered Ostrogoths and retook Italy. Vandals 406 The Vandals crossed into Gaul, then into Spain in 409. Rome instigated the Visigoths (also in Spain) to attack the Vandals. 419 More Vandals came into Spain. 426 Vandals began raiding North Africa. 428 Under Gaiseric, 80,000 Vandals crossed the Strait of Gibraltar. 430 They conquered most of North Africa (Mauretania). Gaiseric was a devoted Arian who pillaged Catholic churches. The Vandals ruled North Africa for a century over the Roman Catholics. 455 They reinvaded Spain and Italy, sacking Rome. 533 Byzantine Emperor Justinian conquered the Vandals and retook North Africa. Burgundians 451 Arian Burgundians fought Atilla the Hun on behalf of Rome. 470 Migrated to Gaul and took Lyons 532 Franks defeated Burgundians, absorbing them. Lombards 568 Audoin the Lombard recruited a massive army made up of several barbarian tribes and invaded Italy. 574 Lombards split Italy into 30+ regions under the command of dukes (duces). Lombard kings were Arian from 6th century until Adaloald in 615 By late 7th century, the Lombards became Roman Catholics. Franks Childeric I (r. 457-481) began uniting Frankish tribes. Clovis I (r. 481-511) killed his rivals and became sole king of the Franks, establishing the Merovingian dynasty, which lasted until 751. Chlotild, the wife of Clovis I, was a Roman Catholic who tried to convince Clovis to become a Christian. 496 In a war with the Alamanni, he was losing and prayed to Christ for military victory. After he won, he and 3,000 from his army converted. Joseph Lynch: “The Franks turned out to be the toughest barbarians.”[2] The Franks flourished until the eighth century and were the ancestors of modern France, Germany, Italy, Holland, and Belgium. Review Subordinationist Bishop Ulfilas went on a mission to preach Christ to the Goths in the middle of the fourth century. Ulfilas invented a Gothic alphabet and translated the Bible into their language, sparking a movement that eventually led to the conversion of most of the Germanic tribes to Arian Christianity. When hordes of fierce Huns migrated West into Europe, Gothic tribes began migrating into the Roman Empire. Under Alaric, the Arian Visigoths conquered much of the Italian peninsula and even sacked Rome in 410 before migrating to Gaul and Spain. In the fifth century, Arian Ostrogoths under Theodoric conquered Italy and established themselves as a ruling class over the Trinitarian Romans there. In the fifth century, Arian Vandals conquered Spain then migrated to North Africa where they ruled for a century until the time of Justinian. In the fifth century, Arian Burgundians conquered and occupied Gaul until the Franks absorbed them in the sixth century. In the sixth century, Arian and Pagan Lombards conquered much of Italy, but converted to Trinitarian Catholicism in the seventh century. In the late fifth century, Clovis I, king of the Franks, converted from paganism to Trinitarian Christianity, eventually extending influence over surrounding Germanic tribes. From the fourth to the seventh centuries, Germanic tribes who held to Arian Christianity invaded and conquered much of the western Roman Empire, but either faced defeat by Justinian or else converted to Roman Catholicism. [1] Auxentius, Letter of Auxentius in R. P. C. Hanson, The Search for a Christian Doctrine of God (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic 2007), 105. [2] Joseph Lynch, Early Christianity (New York: Oxford, 2010), 234.

Geoeconomics Podcast
EP31: New Cities Map - Shaping the Future of Cities Through Data

Geoeconomics Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later May 29, 2023 44:22


In this Geoeconomics Podcast episode, Niza Gonzalez talks with Jeffrey Mason from the Charter Cities Institute about the important role data has in the development of cities, the New Cities Map launch and how it can help the research in the field. This podcast was produced by the Adrianople Group. The Adrianople Group is a business intelligence firm that focuses on special economic zones, venture capital, private equity, and geoeconomics. For more information, please visit: https://www.adrianoplegroup.com/ https://twitter.com/geoeconomicspod

The History of Saqartvelo Georgia
Patreon 2 - Bakur the Iberian w/ Storia d'Italia

The History of Saqartvelo Georgia

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 17, 2023 80:48


Join Marco from Storia d'Italia and I as we discuss Bakur the Iberian, the Battle of Adrianople, the Battle of Frigidus, the Roman military, and how Georgia killed the Roman Empire. Find Marco at: Storia d'Italia | Book | Twitter | Facebook --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/historysaqartvelogeorgia/support

Nickel City Chronicles - Young American Dialogue
When did Rome Actually Fall? | Prof. Ed Watts

Nickel City Chronicles - Young American Dialogue

Play Episode Listen Later Jan 30, 2023 64:19


https://www.patreon.com/GnosticInformant Please Consider joining my Patreon to help finding scholars to bring on. Any amount helps me. Thank you existing Patrons. Prof. Ed Watts Channel: @romeseternaldecline2386 Moses Course: Dr. Bart D. Ehrman https://gnosticinformant--ehrman.thri... Mystery Cults Course: Dr. M David Litwa https://gnosticinformant--pursuit4kno... The fall of the Western Roman Empire (also called the fall of the Roman Empire or the fall of Rome) was the loss of central political control in the Western Roman Empire, a process in which the Empire failed to enforce its rule, and its vast territory was divided into several successor polities. The Roman Empire lost the strengths that had allowed it to exercise effective control over its Western provinces; modern historians posit factors including the effectiveness and numbers of the army, the health and numbers of the Roman population, the strength of the economy, the competence of the emperors, the internal struggles for power, the religious changes of the period, and the efficiency of the civil administration. Increasing pressure from invading barbarians outside Roman culture also contributed greatly to the collapse. Climatic changes and both endemic and epidemic disease drove many of these immediate factors. The reasons for the collapse are major subjects of the historiography of the ancient world and they inform much modern discourse on state failure. In 376, unmanageable numbers of Goths and other non-Roman people, fleeing from the Huns, entered the Empire. In 395, after winning two destructive civil wars, Theodosius I died, leaving a collapsing field army, and the Empire, still plagued by Goths, divided between the warring ministers of his two incapable sons. Further barbarian groups crossed the Rhine and other frontiers and, like the Goths, were not exterminated, expelled or subjugated. The armed forces of the Western Empire became few and ineffective, and despite brief recoveries under able leaders, central rule was never effectively consolidated. By 476, the position of Western Roman Emperor wielded negligible military, political, or financial power, and had no effective control over the scattered Western domains that could still be described as Roman. Barbarian kingdoms had established their own power in much of the area of the Western Empire. In 476, the Germanic barbarian king Odoacer deposed the last emperor of the Western Roman Empire in Italy, Romulus Augustulus, and the Senate sent the imperial insignia to the Eastern Roman Emperor Zeno. While its legitimacy lasted for centuries longer and its cultural influence remains today, the Western Empire never had the strength to rise again. The Eastern Roman, or Byzantine Empire, survived and, although lessened in strength, remained for centuries an effective power of the Eastern Mediterranean. While the loss of political unity and military control is universally acknowledged, the Fall is not the only unifying concept for these events; the period described as late antiquity emphasizes the cultural continuities throughout and beyond the political collapse. The fall of Constantinople, also known as the conquest of Constantinople, was the capture of the capital of the Byzantine Empire by the Ottoman Empire. The city was captured on 29 May 1453[13][14] as part of the culmination of a 53-day siege which had begun on 6 April. The attacking Ottoman Army, which significantly outnumbered Constantinople's defenders, was commanded by the 21-year-old Sultan Mehmed II (later nicknamed "the Conqueror"), while the Byzantine army was led by Emperor Constantine XI Palaiologos. After conquering the city, Mehmed II made Constantinople the new Ottoman capital, replacing Adrianople. The conquest of Constantinople and the fall of the Byzantine Empire was a watershed of the Late Middle Ages, marking the effective end of the last remains of the Roman Empire, a state which began in roughly 27 BC and had lasted nearly 1 --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/gnosticinformant/message

Back To The Past: The Alternate History Podcast
What if Constantinople didn't fall in 1453?

Back To The Past: The Alternate History Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 8, 2022 17:55


The Fall of Constantinople, also known as the Conquest of Constantinople, was the capture of the capital of the Byzantine Empire by the Ottoman Empire. The city fell on 29 May 1453 as part of the culmination of a 53-day siege which had begun on 6 April. The city's collapse marked the end of the Middle Ages. The attacking Ottoman Army, which significantly outnumbered Constantinople's defenders, was commanded by the 21-year-old Sultan Mehmed II, while the Byzantine army was led by Emperor Constantine XI Palaiologos. After conquering the city, Mehmed II made Constantinople the new Ottoman capital, replacing Adrianople. The conquest of Constantinople and the fall of the Byzantine Empire was a watershed of the Late Middle Ages, marking the effective end of the last remains of the Roman Empire, a state which began in roughly 27 BC and had lasted nearly 1500 years. Among many modern historians, the Fall of Constantinople is considered the end of the medieval period. The fall was significant on the history of Europe, from the attitude, to the culture of the different nation states. Now, how would the world change if the Ottomans were repelled and Constantinople, and by extension, the Byzantine Empire didn't collapse when they did in 1453. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Want to discuss this further, or just want to contact us? Reach us on our socials! Twitter: @BackToThePastP1 https://bit.ly/39ts3CG Instagram: @backtothepastp1 https://bit.ly/34lcwBD Rate this podcast! https://ratethispodcast.com/althistory Email us if you have any questions or comments! back2thepastpodcast@gmail.com --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/rohan-parikh7/message

The Fall Of The Roman Empire
The Fall of the Roman Empire Episode 39 "Usurpers and Arians"

The Fall Of The Roman Empire

Play Episode Listen Later Sep 17, 2022 21:11


After its disastrous defeat at the Battle of Adrianople, you might think the late Roman Empire had enough problems already. But in Theodosius' reign, the Romans decided to add a few more in the form of civil wars and a bitter theological dispute. 

The Fall Of The Roman Empire
The Fall of the Roman Empire Episode 38 "The Battle of Adrianople"

The Fall Of The Roman Empire

Play Episode Listen Later Sep 10, 2022 24:32


On the 9th August, AD 378, the eastern emperor Valens rode north from Adrianople to give battle to the Goths. The outcome of this conflict would prove decisive in the history of the fall of the Roman Empire.

Além da Curva
Francisco Litvay, diretor de internacionalização da Adrianople Group, fala sobre características e conceitos das Cidades privadas

Além da Curva

Play Episode Listen Later Aug 3, 2022 59:47


Francisco Litvay é Diretor de Internacionalização da Adrianople Group e embaixador da Free Cities Foundation. Neste episódio, ele fala sobre os conceitos de Cidades privadas, quais abordagens elas utilizam e suas características. Litvay explica ainda sobre a proximidade desse modelo com os bairros planejados, zonas econômicas e quais projetos empreendedores os brasileiros podem investir. Estrutura do episódio:. • 4:05 - O que faz Francisco Litvay • 4:51 - O que é a charter city, conhecida como cidades privadas ou cidades livres? • 7:20 - Abordagens das cidades privadas • 8:54 - Como é a vida de um diretor de expansão internacional focado em cidades privadas? • 10:30 - Perfil das cidades privadas: modelo, localização, características • 14:14 - A cidade de Próspera, em Honduras • 17:45 - Quem decide as coisas em Próspera? • 26:19 - Por que Honduras? • 28:00 - Há algum movimento para Charter Cities no Brasil? • 31:52 - É possível incluir residências nas Charter Cities? • 32:30 - Oportunidades que podem ser exploradas pelo empreendedor imobiliário • 33:50 - Zonas existentes no Brasil • 35:00 - Qual é a distância, diferença e similaridades entre um bairro planejado e uma charter city? • 38:51 - Comunidades privadas nos Estados Unidos • 41:18 - Comunidades para interesses diferentes de vida • 43:00 - Zonas econômicas na China • 48:30 - Investidores brasileiros em Próspera. Qual o papel do Brasil no desenvolvimento de cidades privadas? • 51:40 - O que você não concorda com o conceito de cidades privadas e da sua implementação? • 55:24 - Onde buscar mais informações sobre o assunto • 56:43 - Projetos que o investidor brasileiro possa participar • 57:40 - Considerações finais

The History of Saqartvelo Georgia
(Patreon Trailer) Bonus 2 - Bakur the Iberian

The History of Saqartvelo Georgia

Play Episode Listen Later Jun 14, 2022 10:58


(PATREON) Join Marco from Storia d'Italia and I as we discuss Bakur the Iberian, the Battle of Adrianople, the Battle of Frigidus, the Roman military, and how Georgia killed the Roman Empire. Find Marco at: Storia d'Italia | Book | Twitter | Facebook --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/historysaqartvelogeorgia/support

A.D. History Podcast
Battle of Adrianople | 381 AD-390 AD

A.D. History Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Jun 6, 2022 74:51


The Battle of Adrianople shows the clear decline of Roman power, and Magnus Maximus becomes an unlikely Welsh folk hero. The post Battle of Adrianople | 381 AD-390 AD appeared first on TGNR.

Geoeconomics Podcast
EP30: Zona Franca Navarrete in a Nutshell

Geoeconomics Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 7, 2022 9:48


Zona Franca Navarrete is an industrial park located in Dominican Republic with over 20 world class companies coming from diverse industries from plastics, tabaco, textiles, to food processing.We interviewed Martín Rivas, Operations Manager of Zona Franca Navarrete who told us about the zone main challenges and succeses.This podcast was produced by the Adrianople Group. The Adrianople Group is a business intelligence firm that focuses on special economic zones, venture capital, private equity, and geoeconomics. For more information, please visit:https://www.adrianoplegroup.com/https://twitter.com/geoeconomicspod  #Geoeconomics #Economics #Infrastructure #Interview #Expert #Trade #Zone #Economy #Markets #Development #Regulations #Law #Legal #Governance #FreeTradeZone #FreeTrade #Business #Sustainable #GeoeconomicsPodcast #Education #Employment #Colombia #MartinRívas #ZonaFrancaNavarrete #IndustrialPark #DominicanRepublic #Navarrete #Challenges

Geoeconomics Podcast
EP03 - Spanish: Rol de las Mujeres en la Gestión de Zonas Francas

Geoeconomics Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 25, 2022 24:01


In this Geoeconomics Podcast episode, Michelle Bernier talks with Gizette Lemus, about the importance of the role of women leaderships within Special Economics Zones in Colombia.The free trade zone sector has become an important generator of employment for women.During 2020, 49% of the net jobs generated by multinational companies were occupied by women, many of them heads of household.Now we discussed with Gizette Lemus, she worked for the Chamber of Users of Free Zones of the National Association of Entrepreneur of Colombia, about the importance of the role of women leaderships within Special Economics Zones in Colombia.Spanish:El sector de las zonas francas se ha convertido en un importante generador de empleo para las mujeres.Durante el año 2020, el 49% de los empleos netos generados por las empresas multinacionales fueron ocupados por mujeres, muchas de ellas jefas de hogar.Por eso, conversamos con Gizette Lemus, quien trabajó para la Cámara de Usuarios de Zonas Francas de la Asociación Nacional de Empresarios de Colombia, sobre la importancia del papel de los liderazgos femeninos dentro de las Zonas Económicas Especiales en Colombia.#Geopolitics #InternationalRelations #Podcast #Adrianople #AdrianopleGroup #Geoeconomics #Economics #Infrastructure #Interview #Expert #Trade #Zone #Economy #Markets #Development #Regulations #Law #Legal #Governance #FreeTradeZone #FreeTrade #Business #Sustainable #Crypto #GeoeconomicsPodcast #Education #Employment #GizetteLemus #Colombia #Colombian

The History Network
3201 The Gothic Genius of Fritigern - Part 1

The History Network

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 6, 2022 20:54


The Gothic leader Fritigern (possibly based on the Gothic Frithugairns) is, perhaps, one of the most under-appreciated commanders in the ancient world. At the head of a complex confederation of Gothic tribes, he imposed a devastating defeat on the forces of the Western Roman empire at the battle of Adrianople (or Hadrianople) on August 9th, AD 378. Dur: 21mins  File: .mp3

Bicentenary Meditation Project
413/365 (RUSSIAN РУССКИЙ) Alláh-u-Abhá Yoga Nidra Сценарий медитации Йога Нидра Аллах-у-Абха

Bicentenary Meditation Project

Play Episode Listen Later Jan 24, 2022 9:27


Significance of Repeating The Greatest Name Alláh-u-Abha “`Abdu'l-Bahá teaches how the practice of invocation or repetition of “The Greatest Name” (Alláh-u-Abhá, God is Most Glorious) leads to union with God, illumination and spiritual rebirth. The use of invocation is well developed among the mystics of Islam, the Sufis. The repetition of sacred phrases is called dhikr (promounced zikr, meaning remembrance). This spiritual practice of invocation is praised by `Abdu'l-Bahá. He encourages spiritual seekers to “recite the Greatest Name at every morn, and (to) turn…unto the kingdom of Abhá, until though mayest apprehend the mysteries. Through the invocation fo the Greatest Name, `Abdu'l-Bahá maintains that “the doors of the kingdom of God open, illumination is vouchsafed and divine union results…The use of the Greatest Name, and dependence upon it, causes the soul to strip itself of the husks of morality and to step forth freed, reborn, a new creature.” `Abdu'l-Bahá encourages the use of the sacred phrase Alláh-u-Abhá as a focus for invocation: “The Greatest Name should be found upon the lips in the first awakening moment of early dawn. It should be fed upon by constant use in daily invocation, in trouble, under opposition, and should be the last word breathed when the head rests upon the pillow at night. It is the name of comfort, protection, happiness, illumination, love and unity. “ Pages 57-58 from the Book, Wisdom of the Masters: The Spiritual Teachings of `Abdu'l-Bahá, References 54-56 (The reference in the back of the book is below if you would like further details) “The Greatest Name, Symbol of the Cause”, Baha'i News (Oct 1964), p. 2. Also see Steven Scholl, “The Remembrance of God: An invocation Technique in Sufiism and the Writings of the Bas and Baha'u'llah, “ Baha'i Studies Bulletin (1985). Why say The Greatest Name Alláh-u-Abhá 95 Times? In the book ‘Gate of the Heart' by Nader Saiedi, he explains that the significance of the number 95 originates from the Persian Bayán, where the Báb states that ninety-five stands for the numerical value of "for God" (lillāh), symbolizing the recognition of the manifestation of God and obedience to his laws, which are inseparable from each other, as confirmed by Bahá'u'lláh in the opening paragraph of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas. The 95 Alláh-u-Abhá Meditation audio is a meditation that includes a chanted repetition of the sacred word Alláh-u-Abhá, which means ‘God the All-Glorious'.  According to Note 33 from the The Kitáb-i-Aqdas,  “It hath been ordained that every believer in God … shall, each day … repeat “Alláh-u-Abhá” ninety-five times. “Alláh-u-Abhá” is an Arabic phrase meaning “God the All-Glorious.” It is a form of the Greatest Name of God (see note 137). In Islám there is a tradition that among the many names of God, one was the greatest; however, the identity of this Greatest Name was hidden. Bahá'u'lláh has confirmed that the Greatest Name is “Bahá.”  The various derivatives of the word “Bahá” are also regarded as the Greatest Name. Shoghi Effendi's secretary writing on his behalf explains that  “The Greatest Name is the Name of Bahá'u'lláh. “Yá Bahá'u'l-Abhá” is an invocation meaning: “O Thou Glory of Glories!” “Alláh-u-Abhá” is a greeting which means: “God the All-Glorious.” Both refer to Bahá'u'lláh. By Greatest Name is meant that Bahá'u'lláh has appeared in God's Greatest Name, in other words, that He is the supreme Manifestation of God. “ The greeting “Alláh-u-Abhá” was adopted during the period of Bahá'u'lláh's exile in Adrianople.  The repetition of “Alláh-u-Abhá” ninety-five times is to be preceded by the performance of ablutions (see note 34).” Alláh-u-Abhá also appears in the Prayer for the Dead as indicated in Note 11 from the The Kitáb-i-Aqdas,  “The passages that form part of the Prayer for the Dead comprise the repetition of the greeting “Alláh-u-Abhá” (God is the All-Glorious) six times, each followed by nineteen repetitions of one of six specifically revealed verses.”

The Logistics of Logistics Podcast
Where Business is Done with Thibault Serlet

The Logistics of Logistics Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 27, 2021 38:20


Where Business is Done with Thibault Serlet Thibault Serlet and Joe Lynch discuss where business is done. Thibault is the Co-Founder and Chief Researcher at Adrianople Group, a research and advisory firm focused on educating the world about Special Economic Zones (SEZs). About Thibault Serlet Thibault Serletis Co-Founder and Chief Researcher at Adrianople Group, where he assisted in building the recently launched Open Zone Map, the world's largest and most extensive dataset on Special Economic Zones (SEZs). He is an expert on Special Economic Zones (SEZs), and is the Founder of Startup Societies Foundation, a Utah based non-profit think tank that studies Special Economic Zones (SEZs) and publishes an academic journal. He is on the board of advisors of the Center for Innovative Governance Research, and has worked at several startups in the cybersecurity, hardware, and blockchain fields. In addition to Special Economic Zones (SEZs) Thibault studies the history of banking, medieval history, and charter cities, and is a black belt in Kempo Karate. About The Adrianople Group The Adrianople Group is a research and advisory firm focused on educating the world about Special Economic Zones (SEZs). The Adrianople Group launched the Open Zone Map, the first map encompassing all Special Economic Zones (SEZs) globally. Leading organizations including McKinsey & Company, PwC, and World Wildlife Foundation rely on the company's data to make impactful decisions. The Adrianople Group's data around Special Economic Zones (SEZs) provides geopolitical market research and business intelligence solutions to investors, government officials, academics, and others interested in Special Economic Zones (SEZs). Adrianople team members and associates consist of a staggeringly diverse array of doers and thinkers, located everywhere from San Francisco to Singapore, London to Lagos. Key Takeaways: Where Business is Done Thibault Serlet is Co-Founder and Chief Researcher at Adrianople Group, a research and advisory firm focused on educating the world about Special Economic Zones (SEZs). In the podcast interview, Thibault and Joe discuss where business is done. The answer is special economic zones. A special economic zone (SEZ) is an area in a country that is subject to different legal and economic regulations than other regions within the same country. Special economic zones (SEZs) are typically created in order to facilitate rapid economic growth by leveraging tax incentives to attract foreign investment and spark technological advancement. Thibault Serlet and the team at Adrianople Group recognized that information about special economic zones is scarce and hard to find. The Adrianople Group is on a mission to radically increase the quality and amount of data about Special Economic Zones and related projects. While exact numbers are not available, Thibault believes that the majority of supply chains past through special economic zones. The Open Zone Map is the world's first comprehensive attempt at mapping every single Special Economic Zone (SEZ). The map includes all known SEZs, capitals, airports, and ports. The map was created to improve public understanding of SEZs. The goal is to inspire other researchers studying SEZs to create their own data sets, sparking a knowledge revolution. The Adrianople Group is a research and business advisory services provider focused primarily on Special Economic Zones and similar projects. Learn More About Where Business is Done Thibault Serlet The Adrianople Group Open Zone Map The Logistics of Logistics Podcast If you enjoy the podcast, please leave a positive review, subscribe, and share it with your friends and colleagues. The Logistics of Logistics Podcast: Google, Apple, Castbox, Spotify, Stitcher, PlayerFM, Tunein, Podbean, Owltail, Libsyn, Overcast Check out The Logistics of Logistics on Youtube

Bicentenary Meditation Project
408/365 (MONGOLIAN МОНГОЛ) Alláh-u-Abhá Yoga Nidra Алла у абха Nогийн Нидра бясалгалын эх бичиг

Bicentenary Meditation Project

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 7, 2021 13:51


Significance of Repeating The Greatest Name Alláh-u-Abha “`Abdu'l-Bahá teaches how the practice of invocation or repetition of “The Greatest Name” (Alláh-u-Abhá, God is Most Glorious) leads to union with God, illumination and spiritual rebirth. The use of invocation is well developed among the mystics of Islam, the Sufis. The repetition of sacred phrases is called dhikr (promounced zikr, meaning remembrance). This spiritual practice of invocation is praised by `Abdu'l-Bahá. He encourages spiritual seekers to “recite the Greatest Name at every morn, and (to) turn…unto the kingdom of Abhá, until though mayest apprehend the mysteries. Through the invocation fo the Greatest Name, `Abdu'l-Bahá maintains that “the doors of the kingdom of God open, illumination is vouchsafed and divine union results…The use of the Greatest Name, and dependence upon it, causes the soul to strip itself of the husks of morality and to step forth freed, reborn, a new creature.” `Abdu'l-Bahá encourages the use of the sacred phrase Alláh-u-Abhá as a focus for invocation: “The Greatest Name should be found upon the lips in the first awakening moment of early dawn. It should be fed upon by constant use in daily invocation, in trouble, under opposition, and should be the last word breathed when the head rests upon the pillow at night. It is the name of comfort, protection, happiness, illumination, love and unity. “ Pages 57-58 from the Book, Wisdom of the Masters: The Spiritual Teachings of `Abdu'l-Bahá, References 54-56 (The reference in the back of the book is below if you would like further details) “The Greatest Name, Symbol of the Cause”, Baha'i News (Oct 1964), p. 2. Also see Steven Scholl, “The Remembrance of God: An invocation Technique in Sufiism and the Writings of the Bas and Baha'u'llah, “ Baha'i Studies Bulletin (1985). Why say The Greatest Name Alláh-u-Abhá 95 Times? In the book ‘Gate of the Heart' by Nader Saiedi, he explains that the significance of the number 95 originates from the Persian Bayán, where the Báb states that ninety-five stands for the numerical value of "for God" (lillāh), symbolizing the recognition of the manifestation of God and obedience to his laws, which are inseparable from each other, as confirmed by Bahá'u'lláh in the opening paragraph of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas. The 95 Alláh-u-Abhá Meditation audio is a meditation that includes a chanted repetition of the sacred word Alláh-u-Abhá, which means ‘God the All-Glorious'.  According to Note 33 from the The Kitáb-i-Aqdas,  “It hath been ordained that every believer in God … shall, each day … repeat “Alláh-u-Abhá” ninety-five times. “Alláh-u-Abhá” is an Arabic phrase meaning “God the All-Glorious.” It is a form of the Greatest Name of God (see note 137). In Islám there is a tradition that among the many names of God, one was the greatest; however, the identity of this Greatest Name was hidden. Bahá'u'lláh has confirmed that the Greatest Name is “Bahá.”  The various derivatives of the word “Bahá” are also regarded as the Greatest Name. Shoghi Effendi's secretary writing on his behalf explains that  “The Greatest Name is the Name of Bahá'u'lláh. “Yá Bahá'u'l-Abhá” is an invocation meaning: “O Thou Glory of Glories!” “Alláh-u-Abhá” is a greeting which means: “God the All-Glorious.” Both refer to Bahá'u'lláh. By Greatest Name is meant that Bahá'u'lláh has appeared in God's Greatest Name, in other words, that He is the supreme Manifestation of God. “ The greeting “Alláh-u-Abhá” was adopted during the period of Bahá'u'lláh's exile in Adrianople.  The repetition of “Alláh-u-Abhá” ninety-five times is to be preceded by the performance of ablutions (see note 34).” Alláh-u-Abhá also appears in the Prayer for the Dead as indicated in Note 11 from the The Kitáb-i-Aqdas,  “The passages that form part of the Prayer for the Dead comprise the repetition of the greeting “Alláh-u-Abhá” (God is the All-Glorious) six times, each followed by nineteen repetitions of one of six specifically revealed verses.”

Geoeconomics Podcast
EP 29: Raj Kapoor - Blockchain and the Indian Angle

Geoeconomics Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 3, 2021 43:34


In this Geoeconomics Podcast episode, Kovid Bhaduri talks with Raj Kapoor, the founder and CEO of the India Blockchain Alliance. The discussion goes over emerging trends in blockchain in the governance, start-up, and education space, and covers the present and future of blockchain in India . India Blockchain Alliance: https://indiablockchainalliance.org/ Raj Kapoor: https://www.linkedin.com/in/indblock/Fint: https://fint.money/ Klasp: https://klasp.network/Procial: https://procial.network/Floyx: https://www.floyx.com/ Tassets: https://tassets.in/Truscholar: https://www.truscholar.io/Hosted by: https://www.linkedin.com/in/kovid-bhaduri-1097591b7/This podcast was produced by the Adrianople Group. The Adrianople Group is a business intelligence firm that focuses on special economic zones, venture capital, private equity, and geoeconomics. For more information, please visit: https://www.adrianoplegroup.com/ https://twitter.com/geoeconomicspod#Geopolitics #InternationalRelations #Podcast #Adrianople #AdrianopleGroup #Geoeconomics #Economics #Infrastructure #Interview #Expert #Trade #Zone #Economy #Markets #Development #Regulations #Law #Legal #Governance #FreeTradeZone #FreeTrade #Business #Sustainable #Digitalization #Blockchain #Crypto #IndiaBlockchainAlliance #RajKapoor #Fin #Klasp #Procial #Floyx #Tassets #Truscholar #GeoeconomicsPodcast #India #Indian #Startup #Education #BlockchainIndia 

Geoeconomics Podcast
EP 27: Alex Wellman - E-Estonia and Digital Governance

Geoeconomics Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Nov 12, 2021 42:15


In this Geoeconomics Podcast episode, Aleksa Burmazovic talks with Alex Wellman, the marketing and communications leader for Estonia's E-residency program. The discussion goes into how long e-governance has been around, what it's doing and where it will take us in the next 20 years. See the Open Zone Map:   https://www.openzonemap.com/ Alex's linkedin:https://www.openzonemap.com/ Alex's Twitter:https://twitter.com/WellmanAlex Estonia's E-governance:https://e-estonia.com/ Digital Testbed:https://e-estonia.com/testbed/ X-Road:https://x-road.global/ Nordic Institute for Interoperability:https://www.niis.org/ Milton Friedman's "Free to Choose":https://www.amazon.com/Free-Choose-Statement-Milton-Friedman/dp/0156334607 The Tax Foundation and Estonia:https://taxfoundation.org/country/estonia/ Luxembourg Data Embassy:https://digital-luxembourg.public.lu/initiatives/data-embassy Remote work in UAE's Free Zones:https://blog.dmcc.ae/covid19-uae-free-zone-labour-regulations-update eIDAS Framework:https://ec.europa.eu/futurium/en/content/eidas-regulation-regulation-eu-ndeg9102014.html Gilbert & Sullivan's "The Sorcerer":https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sorcerer Estonia's e-Residency White Paper 2.0:https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/ereswhitepaper/e-Residency+2.0+white+paper+English.pdf This podcast was produced by the Adrianople Group. The Adrianople Group is a business intelligence firm that focuses on special economic zones, venture capital, private equity, and geoeconomics.   Take a look at our free and open-source map of special economic zones: https://www.openzonemap.com/ https://www.adrianoplegroup.com/     https://twitter.com/geoeconomicspod #Estonia #E-Residency #E-ResidencyEstonia #Digital #CompetitiveGovernance #E-Governance #PublicAdministration #Tax #Future #Innovation #Geopolitics #Internationalrelations #Podcast #Adrianople #AdrianopleGroup #Geoeconomics #Economics #Infrastructure #Interview #Expert #Trade #Zone #Economy #Markets #Development #Regulations #Law #Legal #Governance #FreeTradeZone #FreeTrade #Business #Sustainable #Digitalization #AlexWellman #Decentralization #DecentralizedSolutions #Transparency #Digital ID

Geoeconomics Podcast
EP 26: Jacopo Dettoni - The (Electric) Power of SEZs

Geoeconomics Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Nov 5, 2021 52:23


In this Geoeconomics Podcast episode, Aleksa Burmazovic talks with Jacopo Dettoni, the editor of fDi Magazine, a specialist publication of the Financial Times. The conversation speaks about international trade, and shifts into electrical energy in SEZs, as well as their sustainability. Join us on November 4-5 at TransLogistica in Warsaw, Poland:https://translogistica.pl/en/ Jacopo's Twitter:https://twitter.com/jdettoni?lang=en Jacopo's Linkedin:https://www.linkedin.com/in/jdettoni/?originalSubdomain=uk FDI Intelligence Magazine:https://www.fdiintelligence.com/ Codelco:https://www.codelco.com/ Connectography Book:https://www.paragkhanna.com/connectography/ Coyol Free Zone, Costa Rica:https://coyolfz.com/ The Green Park Free Zone, Costa Rica:https://www.thegreenparkfz.com/ Nkok Special Economic Zone, Gabon:https://www.gsez.com/nkok-sez.php Bangladesh EPZ Electrification:https://openjicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/12288353_01.pdf Green Hydrogen in Duqm, Oman:https://www.deme-group.com/news/kick-hyportr-duqm-green-hydrogen-project Mahaweli SEZ in Sri Lanka:https://www.paintsquare.com/news/?fuseaction=view&id=20834 Forest City Malaysia:https://www.forestcitycgpv.com/ Batam Solar Park:https://www.thejakartapost.com/adv/2021/08/27/worlds-largest-floating-solar-park-to-be-built-in-batam.html  This podcast was produced by the Adrianople Group. The Adrianople Group is a business intelligence firm that focuses on special economic zones, venture capital, private equity, and geoeconomics.   Take a look at our free and open-source map of special economic zones: https://www.openzonemap.com/ https://www.adrianoplegroup.com/     https://twitter.com/geoeconomicspod #Geopolitics #InternationalRelations #Podcast #Adrianople #AdrianopleGroup #Geoeconomics #Economics #Infrastructure #Interview #Expert #Trade #Zone #Economy #Markets #FreeTradeZone #FreeTrade #Business #Development #Sustainable #Regulations #Law #Legal #Governance #Jacopo #Dettoni #FDIMagazine #FinancialTimes #InternationalTrade #EletricalEnergy #Sustainability #Specialist #SolarPower #WindPower #FossilFuels #Future #RenewableEnergy #EnergySources #Coal

Bicentenary Meditation Project
399/365 (JAPANESE 日本語) Alláh-u-Abhá Yoga Nidra アラホアブハ Yoga Nidra 瞑想

Bicentenary Meditation Project

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 4, 2021 13:20


Significance of Repeating The Greatest Name Alláh-u-Abha “`Abdu'l-Bahá teaches how the practice of invocation or repetition of “The Greatest Name” (Alláh-u-Abhá, God is Most Glorious) leads to union with God, illumination and spiritual rebirth. The use of invocation is well developed among the mystics of Islam, the Sufis. The repetition of sacred phrases is called dhikr (promounced zikr, meaning remembrance). This spiritual practice of invocation is praised by `Abdu'l-Bahá. He encourages spiritual seekers to “recite the Greatest Name at every morn, and (to) turn…unto the kingdom of Abhá, until though mayest apprehend the mysteries. Through the invocation fo the Greatest Name, `Abdu'l-Bahá maintains that “the doors of the kingdom of God open, illumination is vouchsafed and divine union results…The use of the Greatest Name, and dependence upon it, causes the soul to strip itself of the husks of morality and to step forth freed, reborn, a new creature.” `Abdu'l-Bahá encourages the use of the sacred phrase Alláh-u-Abhá as a focus for invocation: “The Greatest Name should be found upon the lips in the first awakening moment of early dawn. It should be fed upon by constant use in daily invocation, in trouble, under opposition, and should be the last word breathed when the head rests upon the pillow at night. It is the name of comfort, protection, happiness, illumination, love and unity. “ Pages 57-58 from the Book, Wisdom of the Masters: The Spiritual Teachings of `Abdu'l-Bahá, References 54-56 (The reference in the back of the book is below if you would like further details) “The Greatest Name, Symbol of the Cause”, Baha'i News (Oct 1964), p. 2. Also see Steven Scholl, “The Remembrance of God: An invocation Technique in Sufiism and the Writings of the Bas and Baha'u'llah, “ Baha'i Studies Bulletin (1985). Why say The Greatest Name Alláh-u-Abhá 95 Times? In the book ‘Gate of the Heart' by Nader Saiedi, he explains that the significance of the number 95 originates from the Persian Bayán, where the Báb states that ninety-five stands for the numerical value of "for God" (lillāh), symbolizing the recognition of the manifestation of God and obedience to his laws, which are inseparable from each other, as confirmed by Bahá'u'lláh in the opening paragraph of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas. The 95 Alláh-u-Abhá Meditation audio is a meditation that includes a chanted repetition of the sacred word Alláh-u-Abhá, which means ‘God the All-Glorious'.  According to Note 33 from the The Kitáb-i-Aqdas,  “It hath been ordained that every believer in God … shall, each day … repeat “Alláh-u-Abhá” ninety-five times. “Alláh-u-Abhá” is an Arabic phrase meaning “God the All-Glorious.” It is a form of the Greatest Name of God (see note 137). In Islám there is a tradition that among the many names of God, one was the greatest; however, the identity of this Greatest Name was hidden. Bahá'u'lláh has confirmed that the Greatest Name is “Bahá.”  The various derivatives of the word “Bahá” are also regarded as the Greatest Name. Shoghi Effendi's secretary writing on his behalf explains that  “The Greatest Name is the Name of Bahá'u'lláh. “Yá Bahá'u'l-Abhá” is an invocation meaning: “O Thou Glory of Glories!” “Alláh-u-Abhá” is a greeting which means: “God the All-Glorious.” Both refer to Bahá'u'lláh. By Greatest Name is meant that Bahá'u'lláh has appeared in God's Greatest Name, in other words, that He is the supreme Manifestation of God. “ The greeting “Alláh-u-Abhá” was adopted during the period of Bahá'u'lláh's exile in Adrianople.  The repetition of “Alláh-u-Abhá” ninety-five times is to be preceded by the performance of ablutions (see note 34).” Alláh-u-Abhá also appears in the Prayer for the Dead as indicated in Note 11 from the The Kitáb-i-Aqdas,  “The passages that form part of the Prayer for the Dead comprise the repetition of the greeting “Alláh-u-Abhá” (God is the All-Glorious) six times, each followed by nineteen repetitions of one of six specifically revealed verses.”

Geoeconomics Podcast
EP 24: Jorge Colindres - Refuting Anti-ZEDE Arguments

Geoeconomics Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Sep 28, 2021 78:26


Honduras ZEDEs are a radical attempt at creating private cities to alleviate poverty and stimulate the economy. The program has been met with significant controversy. Prominent Honduran ZEDE lawyer Jorge Colindres discusses the most common anti-ZEDE arguments with Thibault Serlet. Join us on November 4-5 at TransLogistica in Warsaw, Poland:https://translogistica.pl/en/Jorge's Twitter:https://twitter.com/georgecolindres?lang=enSPI Inertia:https://spi-inertia.com/ZEDE Prospera:https://prospera.hn/ZEDE Morazan:https://www.morazan.city/ZEDE Orquidea:https://zedeorquidea.com/ This podcast was produced by the Adrianople Group. The Adrianople Group is a business intelligence firm that focuses on special economic zones, venture capital, private equity, and geoeconomics. For more information, please visit:https://www.adrianoplegroup.com/https://twitter.com/geoeconomicspod #HondurasZEDE #ZoneforEmploymentandEconomicDevelopment #CharterCities #CharterCity #ZEDE #Honduras #Prospera #Morazan #Orquidea #Jorge #Colindres #JorgeColindres #Thibault #Serlet #ThibautSERLET #Inertia #SPIInertia #NewayCapital #ErickBrimen #HondurasElection2021 #Geopolitics #Internationalrelations #Podcast #Adrianople #AdrianopleGroup #Geoeconomics #Economics #Infrastructure #Interview #Expert #Trade #Zone #Economy #Markets #Development #Regulations #Law #Legal #Governance 

Geoeconomics Podcast
EP 23: Meena Shah - The Journey of a Shipping Container

Geoeconomics Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Sep 21, 2021 37:57


In this Geoeconomics Podcast episode, Aleksa Burmazovic talks with Meena Shah, who works in the ports and terminals industry with Navis, a leading software solutions provider for the gateways of the world. Join us on November 4-5 at TransLogistica in Warsaw, Poland:https://translogistica.pl/en/ Navis:https://www.navis.com/ Box Book:https://www.amazon.com/Box-Shipping-Container-Smaller-Economy/dp/0691136408 On the Waterfront:  https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0047296/ Port of Shanghai:https://en.portshanghai.com.cn/ The IMO:https://www.imo.org/ Port of Montreal:  https://www.port-montreal.com/fr/ Adani Ports & SEZ:https://www.adaniports.com/ This podcast was produced by the Adrianople Group. The Adrianople Group is a business intelligence firm that focuses on special economic zones, venture capital, private equity, and geoeconomics. For more information, please visit: https://www.adrianoplegroup.com/     https://twitter.com/geoeconomicspod #Geopolitics #Internationalrelations #Podcast #Adrianople #Adrianoplegroup #Geoeconomics #Economics #Infrastructure #Interview #Expert #Trade #Zone #Economy #Markets #Freetradezone #Freetrade #Business #Development #Sustainable #Regulations #Law #Legal #Governance #SEZ #Cargo #Ship #Container #Logistics #Port #Shipping #Transport #Transportation #Storage #Supply #SupplyChain #Distribution #Mobility #Technology #Navis #Software #Solutions #Shanghai #IMO #Montreal

Bicentenary Meditation Project
395/365 (NORWEGIAN NORSK) Alláh-u-Abhá Yoga Nidra

Bicentenary Meditation Project

Play Episode Listen Later Sep 14, 2021 12:31


Significance of Repeating The Greatest Name Alláh-u-Abha “`Abdu'l-Bahá teaches how the practice of invocation or repetition of “The Greatest Name” (Alláh-u-Abhá, God is Most Glorious) leads to union with God, illumination and spiritual rebirth. The use of invocation is well developed among the mystics of Islam, the Sufis. The repetition of sacred phrases is called dhikr (promounced zikr, meaning remembrance). This spiritual practice of invocation is praised by `Abdu'l-Bahá. He encourages spiritual seekers to “recite the Greatest Name at every morn, and (to) turn…unto the kingdom of Abhá, until though mayest apprehend the mysteries. Through the invocation fo the Greatest Name, `Abdu'l-Bahá maintains that “the doors of the kingdom of God open, illumination is vouchsafed and divine union results…The use of the Greatest Name, and dependence upon it, causes the soul to strip itself of the husks of morality and to step forth freed, reborn, a new creature.” `Abdu'l-Bahá encourages the use of the sacred phrase Alláh-u-Abhá as a focus for invocation: “The Greatest Name should be found upon the lips in the first awakening moment of early dawn. It should be fed upon by constant use in daily invocation, in trouble, under opposition, and should be the last word breathed when the head rests upon the pillow at night. It is the name of comfort, protection, happiness, illumination, love and unity. “ Pages 57-58 from the Book, Wisdom of the Masters: The Spiritual Teachings of `Abdu'l-Bahá, References 54-56 (The reference in the back of the book is below if you would like further details) “The Greatest Name, Symbol of the Cause”, Baha'i News (Oct 1964), p. 2. Also see Steven Scholl, “The Remembrance of God: An invocation Technique in Sufiism and the Writings of the Bas and Baha'u'llah, “ Baha'i Studies Bulletin (1985). Why say The Greatest Name Alláh-u-Abhá 95 Times? In the book ‘Gate of the Heart' by Nader Saiedi, he explains that the significance of the number 95 originates from the Persian Bayán, where the Báb states that ninety-five stands for the numerical value of "for God" (lillāh), symbolizing the recognition of the manifestation of God and obedience to his laws, which are inseparable from each other, as confirmed by Bahá'u'lláh in the opening paragraph of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas. The 95 Alláh-u-Abhá Meditation audio is a meditation that includes a chanted repetition of the sacred word Alláh-u-Abhá, which means ‘God the All-Glorious'.  According to Note 33 from the The Kitáb-i-Aqdas,  “It hath been ordained that every believer in God … shall, each day … repeat “Alláh-u-Abhá” ninety-five times. “Alláh-u-Abhá” is an Arabic phrase meaning “God the All-Glorious.” It is a form of the Greatest Name of God (see note 137). In Islám there is a tradition that among the many names of God, one was the greatest; however, the identity of this Greatest Name was hidden. Bahá'u'lláh has confirmed that the Greatest Name is “Bahá.”  The various derivatives of the word “Bahá” are also regarded as the Greatest Name. Shoghi Effendi's secretary writing on his behalf explains that  “The Greatest Name is the Name of Bahá'u'lláh. “Yá Bahá'u'l-Abhá” is an invocation meaning: “O Thou Glory of Glories!” “Alláh-u-Abhá” is a greeting which means: “God the All-Glorious.” Both refer to Bahá'u'lláh. By Greatest Name is meant that Bahá'u'lláh has appeared in God's Greatest Name, in other words, that He is the supreme Manifestation of God. “ The greeting “Alláh-u-Abhá” was adopted during the period of Bahá'u'lláh's exile in Adrianople.  The repetition of “Alláh-u-Abhá” ninety-five times is to be preceded by the performance of ablutions (see note 34).” Alláh-u-Abhá also appears in the Prayer for the Dead as indicated in Note 11 from the The Kitáb-i-Aqdas,  “The passages that form part of the Prayer for the Dead comprise the repetition of the greeting “Alláh-u-Abhá” (God is the All-Glorious) six times, each followed by nineteen repetitions of one of six specifically revealed verses.”

Geoeconomics Podcast
EP 22: Lotta Moberg - The Political Economy of Special Economic Zones

Geoeconomics Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Sep 10, 2021 40:00


In this Geoeconomics Podcast episode, Aleksa Burmazovic talks with Lotta Moberg, one of the leading thinkers in SEZ economics. If you like hard-hitting economic analysis and no-nonsense discussions, Lotta is the person to speak with. Lotta's Website:https://www.lottamoberg.com/ Lotta's Book:https://www.amazon.com/Political-Economy-Special-Economic-Zones/dp/1138237817 Thomas Farole's Work:https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/752011468203980987/pdf/638440PUB0Exto00Box0361527B0PUBLIC0.pdf Dawa Zonehttps://diz-ghana.com/ Innopolishttps://innopolis.com/ Uzbek Blockchain Valleyhttp://sverenins.uz/en/news/uzbekistan-blockchain-valley.html/ M-Pesahttps://www.safaricom.co.ke/personal/m-pesa/m-pesa-home This podcast was produced by the Adrianople Group. The Adrianople Group is a business intelligence firm that focuses on special economic zones, venture capital, private equity, and geoeconomics. For more information, please visit: https://www.adrianoplegroup.com/     https://twitter.com/geoeconomicspod #InternationalRelations #Podcast #Adrianople #AdrianopleGroup #Geoeconomics #Economics #Infrastructure #Geopolitcs #Interview #Expert #Trade #Zone #Economy #Markets #FreeTradeZone #FreeTrade #Business #Development #Sustainable #Regulations #Law #Legal #Governance #SEZ #Future #Politics #Thinker #LottaMoberg #Analysis #Discussion #Investment #EconomicGrowth #EconomicData #SEZEconomics #WilliamBlair #M-Pesa #UzbekBlockchainValley #Innopolis #DawaZone #ThomasFarole

Geoeconomics Podcast
EP 21: Nolan Myers - How do you make a City Operating System?

Geoeconomics Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Sep 3, 2021 49:28


In this Geoeconomics Podcast episode, Aleksa Burmazovic talks with Nolan Myers. Nolan's the CEO of DoubleGDP, which builds new software for new cities. DoubleGDP:  https://www.doublegdp.com/ Irembo:  https://irembo.gov.rw/ Nkwashi:https://nkwashi.com/ Giorgio Vasari's "Lives of the Artists":  https://www.amazon.com/Lives-Artists-Oxford-Worlds-Classics/dp/0199537194 Plutarch's "Lives":https://www.amazon.com/Plutarchs-Lives-Volumes-I-II/dp/1420957392 Paul Graham:http://www.paulgraham.com/ A New City OS:https://www.amazon.com/New-City-Collaborative-Distributed-Governance/dp/0815732864 Ciudad Morazan:https://www.morazan.city/ This podcast was produced by the Adrianople Group. The Adrianople Group is a business intelligence firm that focuses on special economic zones, venture capital, private equity, and geoeconomics. For more information, please visit: https://www.adrianoplegroup.com/     https://twitter.com/geoeconomicspod This podcast is licensed under Creative Commons with Attribution. #Sales #Cities #Technology #Africa #Economicgrowth #Siliconvalley #Complexity #History #Future #Communities #Podcast #Adrianople #AdrianopleGroup #Geoeconomics #Economics #Infrastructure #Geopolitcs #Interview #Expert #Trade #Zone #Economy #Markets #FreeTradeZone #FreeTrade #Business #Development #SustainableRegulations #Law #Legal #Governance #DoubleGDP #BasicServices #CitiesoftheFuture #SustainableGrowth #Application #Tech #Competition #CityMigration

Geoeconomics Podcast
EP 02 - Spanish: Miguel Pastor - Beneficios y riesgos de la contratación electrónica internacional

Geoeconomics Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Aug 6, 2021 17:33


En este episodio del Podcast, Michelle Bernier conversa con Miguel Pastor, presidente de la Peruvian Chamber of Business, sobre los retos y oportunidades que se presentan en cuanto a la contratación electrónica internacional y el nuevo rol que deben adoptar las cámaras de comercio a nivel mundial.   Peruvian Chamber of Business: https://peruvianchamber.pe/ IBL Attorneys: https://ibl.pe/ Miguel Pastor Linkedin: http://linkedin.com/in/miguel-ángel-pastor-calderón-189ab8189  Este podcast ha sido producido por Adrianople Group, el cuál es una empresa de inteligencia empresarial que se centra en las zonas económicas especiales, el capital riesgo, el capital privado y la geoeconomía. Para más información, visite: https://www.adrianoplegroup.com/     https://twitter.com/geoeconomicspod?lang=en Este podcast tiene una licencia de Creative Commons con atribución.#Adrianople #Adrianoplegroup #Geoeconomics #Geography #Economics #Infrastructure #Geopolitcs #Interview #Expert #Trade #Zone #Economy #Markets #Industrial #FreeTradeZone #FreeTrade #Business #Travel #Development #Sustainable #Sustainability #Knowledge #Money #AméricaLatina #Emprendimiento #Sustentabilidad #Consultoría #Oportunidad #Innovación #MiguelPastor #Peru #PeruvianChamberofBusiness #Contatación #ContrataciónElectrónicaInternacional #CámaradeComercio

Geoeconomics Podcast
EP 20: Dr. Tom W. Bell - The Law and the Laws of SEZs

Geoeconomics Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Jul 30, 2021 42:56


In this Geoeconomics Podcast episode, Aleksa Burmazovic talks with Tom W. Bell, lecturer at the Chapman University Fowler School of Law, founder of Archimediate LLC, and leading legal thinker and scholar of the SEZ space. Tom W. Bell:  http://www.tomwbell.com/ "Your Next Government?" Audiobook:https://www.audible.com/pd/Your-Next-Government-Audiobook/B08J28YHSL Prospera:https://prospera.hn/ Ulex and the Institute for Competitive Governance:https://instituteforcompgov.org/ulex Free Society Project:https://www.freesociety.com/ Dubai International Financial Center:https://www.difc.ae/ Balaji Srinivasan's 1729:https://1729.com/ Scott Alexander's Piece on ZEDEs:https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/prospectus-on-prospera Tom's Paper on Common Law Zones:http://ojs.instituteforcompgov.org/index.php/jsj/article/view/30/12 CERN:https://home.cern/ This podcast was produced by the Adrianople Group. The Adrianople Group is a business intelligence firm that focuses on special economic zones, venture capital, private equity, and geoeconomics. For more information, please visit: https://www.adrianoplegroup.com/     https://twitter.com/geoeconomicspod This podcast is licensed under Creative Commons with Attribution #Podcast #Adrianople #AdrianopleGroup #Geoeconomics #Economics #Infrastructure #Geopolitcs #Interview #Expert #Trade #Zone #Economy #Markets #FreeTradeZone #FreeTrade #Business #Development #Sustainable #Regulations #Law #Legal #Governance #SEZ #Future #Cities #CharterCity #CharterCities #NewCity #SmartCity #SmartCities #Government #2030 #Market #Institute #Study #SpecialJurisdiction #TomWBell #Prospera #Honduras #ChapmanUniversity #ArchimediateLLC #Legalthinker #Code #Bitcoin #CommonLaw

Geoeconomics Podcast
EP 19: Kurtis Lockhart - The Future of Cities and Governance

Geoeconomics Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Jul 16, 2021 37:56


In this Geoeconomics Podcast episode, Aleksa Burmazovic talks with Kurtis Lockhart from the Charter Cities Institute about how cities work, what governance must do to adapt, and how the next 15 years will look like in the governance and human cohabitation spaces. Don't miss the Charter Cities Handbook:https://www.chartercitiesinstitute.org/ Charter Cities Institute Twitter:@CCIdotCity Kurtis' Website:https://kurtislockhart.com/contact/ This podcast was produced by the Adrianople Group. The Adrianople Group is a business intelligence firm that focuses on special economic zones, venture capital, private equity, and geoeconomics. For more information, please visit: https://www.adrianoplegroup.com/     https://twitter.com/geoeconomicspod?l... This podcast is licensed under Creative Commons with Attribution #Podcast #Adrianople #AdrianopleGroup #Geoeconomics #Economics #Infrastructure #Geopolitcs #Interview #Expert #Trade #Zone #Economy #Markets #Industrial #FreeTradeZone #FreeTrade #Business #Development #Sustainable #Knowledge #Money #Regulations #Law #Legal #Governance #SEZ #Investment #Routes #China #CharterCitiesInstitute #Future #Cities #City #CitiesofTomorrow #Book #Books #CharterCity #CharterCities #NewCity #SmartCity #SmartCities #Government #2030 #Market #Institute #Study #MarkLutter 

Geoeconomics Podcast
EP 18: Dr. Klaus Solberg Söilen - Why Economic Science must Evolve - Dr. Klaus Solberg Söilen

Geoeconomics Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Jul 2, 2021 46:57


In this Geoeconomics Podcast episode, Aleksa Burmazovic talks with Dr. Klaus Solberg Söilen about books, the state of global trade, and the future of economic science. Dr. Klaus' University Page:https://biography.omicsonline.org/sweden/halmstad-university/klaus-solberg-silen-135662 Dr. Klaus' email:klaus[dot]solberg_soilen@hh.se Dr. Klaus' books:https://www.amazon.com/Klaus-Solberg-S%25C3%25B6ilen/e/B00HJ1CBVE%3Fref=dbs_a_mng_rwt_scns_share This podcast was produced by the Adrianople Group. The Adrianople Group is a business intelligence firm that focuses on special economic zones, venture capital, private equity, and geoeconomics. For more information, please visit: https://www.adrianoplegroup.com/     https://twitter.com/geoeconomicspod?lang=en This podcast is licensed under Creative Commons with Attribution #Podcast #Adrianople #AdrianopleGroup #Geoeconomics #Geography #Economics #Infrastructure #Geopolitcs #Interview #Expert #Trade #Zone #Economy #Markets #Industrial #FreeTradeZone #FreeTrade #Business #Development #Sustainable #Sustainability #Knowledge #Money #Dr.KlausSolbergSöilen #University #Regulations #Law #Legal #Governance #SEZ #Roads #Transportation #Investment #BeltonRoad #Routes #LogisticalNetworks #Railroads #Space #AfricaContinentalTradeArea #Africa #UnitedStates #China #African #Manufacturing

Geoeconomics Podcast
EP 01 - Spanish: Luis Gallotti- Turismo: su futuro en el mundo post-pandemia

Geoeconomics Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Jun 18, 2021 30:53


En este episodio del Podcast, Michelle Bernier conversa con Luis Gallotti, el Co-Fundador y Co-CEO Amek Group, sobre los retos y oportunidades del turismo en el presente y en un futuro mundo post-pandemia.   Amek Group: https://amekgroup.com/es/ The Boutique Lifestyle Leaders Association: https://blla.org/ Breakthrough Services: https://breakthroughservice.com/ Cayuga Hospitality Consultants: https://cayugahospitality.com/ Luis Gallotti Linkedin:http://linkedin.com/in/luis-gallotti-8a58061b Este podcast ha sido producido por Adrianople Group, el cuál es una empresa de inteligencia empresarial que se centra en las zonas económicas especiales, el capital riesgo, el capital privado y la geoeconomía. Para más información, visite: https://www.adrianoplegroup.com/     https://twitter.com/geoeconomicspod?lang=en Este podcast tiene una licencia de Creative Commons con atribución.#Podcast #Adrianople #AdrianopleGroup #Geoeconomics #Geography #Economics #Infrastructure #Geopolitcs #Interview #Expert #Trade #Zone #Economy #Markets #Industrial #FreeTradeZone #FreeTrade #Turismo #Hotel #Hoteles #Business #Travel #Development #Sustainable #Sustainability #Knowledge #Money #PostPandemia #TurismoMedico #Wellness #WellBeing #AméricaLatina #Argentina #Emprendimiento #Sustentabilidad #DueDiligence #Hotelero #Consultoría #Oportunidad #Innovación #Bienestar #Viaje #SlowTravel #TurismoSostenible

Geoeconomics Podcast
EP 17: Amine Khalladi - Mining Bitcoin in Iran's FTZs

Geoeconomics Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Jun 14, 2021 29:31


In this Geoeconomics Podcast episode, Aleksa Burmazovic talks with Amine Khalladi, the co-founder of Hashing Farms, operating out of Kish Free Zone in Iran.Hashing Farms: https://www.hashingfarms.com/ Kish Free Zone: https://freezones.ir/en/kish Digital Yuan: http://www.pbc.gov.cn/ Amine's Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/aminekhalladi/?originalSubdomain=es This podcast was produced by the Adrianople Group. The Adrianople Group is a business intelligence firm that focuses on special economic zones, venture capital, private equity, and geoeconomics. For more information, please visit: https://www.adrianoplegroup.com/ https://twitter.com/geoeconomicspod?lang=en This podcast is licensed under Creative Commons with Attribution #Podcast #Adrianople #AdrianopleGroup #Geoeconomics #Geography #Economics #Infrastructure #Politics #Geopolitcs #Interview #Expert #Trade #Zone #Economy #Markets #Park #Industrial #FreeTradeZone #FreeTrade #Warehouse #Port #Freeport #Customs #Tax #TaxFree #Regulations #Law #Legal #Business #Travel #Border #Political #Development #Sustainable #Sustainability #Bitcoin #Ethereum #Ripple #Blockchain #Decentralized #Finance #Proof #Knowledge #Protocol #Algorithm #Mining #Crypto #Cryptocurrency #NFT #Data #Money #Trading #Iran #China #Financial

Ad Hoc History
S1 E12: The Gothic Wars - Gibbon Part III

Ad Hoc History

Play Episode Listen Later May 10, 2021 102:10


Outside the city of Adrianople, the Gothic and Roman armies square off , with the fate of the Empire at stake. Join Asher, and his sister, Luxa, as they explore the collapse of the Roman Empire and the writing of Edward Gibbon. We'd love to hear your comments, concerns, angry rants etc. Check out our Instagram! https://www.instagram.com/adhochistory/ Email us at Adhochistorypod@gmail.com

Gate of Heaven Podcast
A Story of Light Ep. 10: Betrayal

Gate of Heaven Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 17, 2021 16:37


After just four months in Constantinople, Bahá'u'lláh's rising popularity is deemed a threat to the Sultan. A third exile is decreed - this time to Adrianople, where Mirzá Yahyá's envy of his Brother reaches its ultimate expression. Support the show (http://patreon.com/lukeslott)

Bicentenary Meditation Project
360/365 (BULGARIAN БЪЛГАРСКИ) Alláh-u-Abhá Yoga Nidra Медитацията на Alláh-u-Abhá Yoga Nidra

Bicentenary Meditation Project

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 18, 2021 16:53


Significance of Repeating The Greatest Name Alláh-u-Abha “`Abdu'l-Bahá teaches how the practice of invocation or repetition of “The Greatest Name” (Alláh-u-Abhá, God is Most Glorious) leads to union with God, illumination and spiritual rebirth. The use of invocation is well developed among the mystics of Islam, the Sufis. The repetition of sacred phrases is called dhikr (promounced zikr, meaning remembrance). This spiritual practice of invocation is praised by `Abdu'l-Bahá. He encourages spiritual seekers to “recite the Greatest Name at every morn, and (to) turn…unto the kingdom of Abhá, until though mayest apprehend the mysteries. Through the invocation fo the Greatest Name, `Abdu'l-Bahá maintains that “the doors of the kingdom of God open, illumination is vouchsafed and divine union results…The use of the Greatest Name, and dependence upon it, causes the soul to strip itself of the husks of morality and to step forth freed, reborn, a new creature.” `Abdu'l-Bahá encourages the use of the sacred phrase Alláh-u-Abhá as a focus for invocation: “The Greatest Name should be found upon the lips in the first awakening moment of early dawn. It should be fed upon by constant use in daily invocation, in trouble, under opposition, and should be the last word breathed when the head rests upon the pillow at night. It is the name of comfort, protection, happiness, illumination, love and unity. “ Pages 57-58 from the Book, Wisdom of the Masters: The Spiritual Teachings of `Abdu'l-Bahá, References 54-56 (The reference in the back of the book is below if you would like further details) “The Greatest Name, Symbol of the Cause”, Baha’i News (Oct 1964), p. 2. Also see Steven Scholl, “The Remembrance of God: An invocation Technique in Sufiism and the Writings of the Bas and Baha’u’llah, “ Baha’i Studies Bulletin (1985). Why say The Greatest Name Alláh-u-Abhá 95 Times? In the book ‘Gate of the Heart’ by Nader Saiedi, he explains that the significance of the number 95 originates from the Persian Bayán, where the Báb states that ninety-five stands for the numerical value of "for God" (lillāh), symbolizing the recognition of the manifestation of God and obedience to his laws, which are inseparable from each other, as confirmed by Bahá'u'lláh in the opening paragraph of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas. The 95 Alláh-u-Abhá Meditation audio is a meditation that includes a chanted repetition of the sacred word Alláh-u-Abhá, which means ‘God the All-Glorious’.  According to Note 33 from the The Kitáb-i-Aqdas,  “It hath been ordained that every believer in God … shall, each day … repeat “Alláh-u-Abhá” ninety-five times. “Alláh-u-Abhá” is an Arabic phrase meaning “God the All-Glorious.” It is a form of the Greatest Name of God (see note 137). In Islám there is a tradition that among the many names of God, one was the greatest; however, the identity of this Greatest Name was hidden. Bahá’u’lláh has confirmed that the Greatest Name is “Bahá.”  The various derivatives of the word “Bahá” are also regarded as the Greatest Name. Shoghi Effendi’s secretary writing on his behalf explains that  “The Greatest Name is the Name of Bahá’u’lláh. “Yá Bahá’u’l-Abhá” is an invocation meaning: “O Thou Glory of Glories!” “Alláh-u-Abhá” is a greeting which means: “God the All-Glorious.” Both refer to Bahá’u’lláh. By Greatest Name is meant that Bahá’u’lláh has appeared in God’s Greatest Name, in other words, that He is the supreme Manifestation of God. “ The greeting “Alláh-u-Abhá” was adopted during the period of Bahá’u’lláh’s exile in Adrianople.  The repetition of “Alláh-u-Abhá” ninety-five times is to be preceded by the performance of ablutions (see note 34).” Alláh-u-Abhá also appears in the Prayer for the Dead as indicated in Note 11 from the The Kitáb-i-Aqdas,  “The passages that form part of the Prayer for the Dead comprise the repetition of the greeting “Alláh-u-Abhá” (God is the All-Glorious) six times, each followed by nineteen repetitions of one of six specifically revealed verses.”

Bicentenary Meditation Project
297/365 (PORTUGUESE PORTUGUÊS) Alláh-u-Abhá Yoga Nidra

Bicentenary Meditation Project

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 16, 2021 11:57


Significance of Repeating The Greatest Name Alláh-u-Abha “`Abdu'l-Bahá teaches how the practice of invocation or repetition of “The Greatest Name” (Alláh-u-Abhá, God is Most Glorious) leads to union with God, illumination and spiritual rebirth. The use of invocation is well developed among the mystics of Islam, the Sufis. The repetition of sacred phrases is called dhikr (promounced zikr, meaning remembrance). This spiritual practice of invocation is praised by `Abdu'l-Bahá. He encourages spiritual seekers to “recite the Greatest Name at every morn, and (to) turn…unto the kingdom of Abhá, until though mayest apprehend the mysteries. Through the invocation fo the Greatest Name, `Abdu'l-Bahá maintains that “the doors of the kingdom of God open, illumination is vouchsafed and divine union results…The use of the Greatest Name, and dependence upon it, causes the soul to strip itself of the husks of morality and to step forth freed, reborn, a new creature.” `Abdu'l-Bahá encourages the use of the sacred phrase Alláh-u-Abhá as a focus for invocation: “The Greatest Name should be found upon the lips in the first awakening moment of early dawn. It should be fed upon by constant use in daily invocation, in trouble, under opposition, and should be the last word breathed when the head rests upon the pillow at night. It is the name of comfort, protection, happiness, illumination, love and unity. “ Pages 57-58 from the Book, Wisdom of the Masters: The Spiritual Teachings of `Abdu'l-Bahá, References 54-56 (The reference in the back of the book is below if you would like further details) “The Greatest Name, Symbol of the Cause”, Baha’i News (Oct 1964), p. 2. Also see Steven Scholl, “The Remembrance of God: An invocation Technique in Sufiism and the Writings of the Bas and Baha’u’llah, “ Baha’i Studies Bulletin (1985). Why say The Greatest Name Alláh-u-Abhá 95 Times? In the book ‘Gate of the Heart’ by Nader Saiedi, he explains that the significance of the number 95 originates from the Persian Bayán, where the Báb states that ninety-five stands for the numerical value of "for God" (lillāh), symbolizing the recognition of the manifestation of God and obedience to his laws, which are inseparable from each other, as confirmed by Bahá'u'lláh in the opening paragraph of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas. The 95 Alláh-u-Abhá Meditation audio is a meditation that includes a chanted repetition of the sacred word Alláh-u-Abhá, which means ‘God the All-Glorious’.  According to Note 33 from the The Kitáb-i-Aqdas,  “It hath been ordained that every believer in God … shall, each day … repeat “Alláh-u-Abhá” ninety-five times. “Alláh-u-Abhá” is an Arabic phrase meaning “God the All-Glorious.” It is a form of the Greatest Name of God (see note 137). In Islám there is a tradition that among the many names of God, one was the greatest; however, the identity of this Greatest Name was hidden. Bahá’u’lláh has confirmed that the Greatest Name is “Bahá.”  The various derivatives of the word “Bahá” are also regarded as the Greatest Name. Shoghi Effendi’s secretary writing on his behalf explains that  “The Greatest Name is the Name of Bahá’u’lláh. “Yá Bahá’u’l-Abhá” is an invocation meaning: “O Thou Glory of Glories!” “Alláh-u-Abhá” is a greeting which means: “God the All-Glorious.” Both refer to Bahá’u’lláh. By Greatest Name is meant that Bahá’u’lláh has appeared in God’s Greatest Name, in other words, that He is the supreme Manifestation of God. “ The greeting “Alláh-u-Abhá” was adopted during the period of Bahá’u’lláh’s exile in Adrianople.  The repetition of “Alláh-u-Abhá” ninety-five times is to be preceded by the performance of ablutions (see note 34).” Alláh-u-Abhá also appears in the Prayer for the Dead as indicated in Note 11 from the The Kitáb-i-Aqdas,  “The passages that form part of the Prayer for the Dead comprise the repetition of the greeting “Alláh-u-Abhá” (God is the All-Glorious) six times, each followed by nineteen repetitions of one of six specifically revealed verses.”

Geoeconomics Podcast
EP 06: Gabriel Scheare - How can you build a community of entrepreneurs?

Geoeconomics Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 5, 2021 22:00


The Geoeconomics Podcast Episode 6: Gabriel Scheare, How can you build a community of entrepreneurs? Gabriel Scheare https://twitter.com/scheare?lang=es​ Fort Galt is a new real estate development that intends to begin with its first location in Chile before replicating itself worldwide. This podcast was produced by the Adrianople Group. The Adrianople Group is a business intelligence firm that specializes in economic zones, public private partnerships, infrastructure, and geoeconomics. #Geopolitics #InternationalRelations #Podcast #Adrianople #AdrianopleGroup #Geoeconomics #Economics #Infrastructure #Interview #Expert #Trade #Zone #Economy #Markets #FreeTradeZone #FreeTrade #Business #Entrepreneurship #Community #RealEstate #Chile #Valdivia #FortGalt #RealEstateDevelopment #GabrielScheare 

Geoeconomics Podcast
EP 13: Charlie Kirkconnell - How Cayman Enterprise City became a world class SEZ

Geoeconomics Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 5, 2021 20:46


In this episode of the Geoeconomics Podcast, Guillermo Hernandez discusses with Charlie Kirkconnell, CEO of the Cayman Enterprise City about the history of the CEC; the challenges that they are currently facing and the future of the zone. Charlie Kirkconnell is Cayman Enterprise City's chief executive officer and is responsible for leading the development and execution of the company's long-term strategy. His leadership role also entails being ultimately responsible for all day-to-day management decisions and for implementing the company's long and short-term plans. https://www.caymanenterprisecity.com/​ This podcast was produced by the Adrianople Group. The Adrianople Group is a business intelligence firm that specializes in economic zones, public-private partnerships, infrastructure, and geoeconomics. For more information, please visit: https://www.adrianoplegroup.com/​ This podcast is licensed under Creative Commons with Attribution #CaymanEnterpriseCity #CEC #CharlieKirkconnell #GuillermoHernandez #Geoeconomics #Podcast #Adrianople #Group #CaymanIslands #SEZ #SpecialEconomicZone #Strategy #SpecialEconomicZones #SEZs #Knowledge #Technology #Cryptocurrencies #FinancialServices #Tourism

Geoeconomics Podcast
EP 08: Peter Santenello - Most “Dangerous Countries” are not Actually Dangerous

Geoeconomics Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 5, 2021 38:30


Peter Santenello - Most “Dangerous Countries” are not Actually Dangerous Independent filmmaker Peter Santenello travels to countries that have a bad reputation in the West. He describes his goal as “proving that the world is not dangerous.” You can find his channel here:https://www.youtube.com/petersantenello​ Follow him on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/petersanten/​ Like his Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/PeterSantenello​ Visit his personal website: https://petersantenello.com/​ Support him on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PeterSantenello​ This podcast was produced by the Adrianople Group. The Adrianople Group is a business intelligence firm that specializes in economic zones, public-private partnerships, infrastructure, and geoeconomics. For more information, please visit: https://www.adrianoplegroup.com/​ This podcast is licensed under Creative Commons with Attribution #Geopolitics #InternationalRelations #Podcast #Adrianople #AdrianopleGroup #Geoeconomics #Economics #Infrastructure #Interview #Expert #Trade #Zone #Economy #Markets #FreeTradeZone #FreeTrade #Business #Dangerous #Countries #Documentaries #Ukraine #Iran #SaudiArabia #World #Travel #PeterSantenello #Filmmaking #Trip #Security

Geoeconomics Podcast
EP 12: The Metis Institute - SEZs and Arbitration

Geoeconomics Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 5, 2021 28:53


In this Geoeconomics Podcast episode, Aleksa Burmazovic talks with Mark Beer and Dr. Andreas Baumgartner from the Metis Institute. The Metis Institute was created by some of the world's leading judges, court leaders, academics and advisors. Its aim is to provide advice, guidance and practical support to governments, special economic zones and industry sectors which seek to do better. Metis Institute https://www.themetisinstitute.org/​​ Standing International Forum of Commercial Courts (SIFoCC) https://sifocc.org/​​ Courts of the Future Forum http://www.courtsofthefuture.org/​​ International Association for Court Administration https://www.iaca.ws/​​ This podcast was produced by the Adrianople Group. The Adrianople Group is a business intelligence firm that specializes in economic zones, public-private partnerships, infrastructure, and geoeconomics. For more information, please visit:https://www.adrianoplegroup.com/​​ This podcast is licensed under Creative Commons with Attribution#Geopolitics #InternationalRelations #Podcast #Adrianople #AdrianopleGroup #Geoeconomics #Economics #Infrastructure #Interview #Expert #Trade #Zone #Economy #Markets #FreeTradeZone #FreeTrade #Business #MarkBeer #AndreasBaumgartner #MetisInstitute #DIFC #Arbitration #DIFCArbitrationCentre #DisputeResolution #PolicyReform #GovernmentReform #Capacity 

Bicentenary Meditation Project
270/365 (SPANISH ESPAÑOL) La meditación Yoga Nidra Alláh-u-Abhá Alláh-u-Abhá Yoga Nidra

Bicentenary Meditation Project

Play Episode Listen Later Feb 15, 2021 14:52


Significance of Repeating The Greatest Name Alláh-u-Abha “`Abdu'l-Bahá teaches how the practice of invocation or repetition of “The Greatest Name” (Alláh-u-Abhá, God is Most Glorious) leads to union with God, illumination and spiritual rebirth. The use of invocation is well developed among the mystics of Islam, the Sufis. The repetition of sacred phrases is called dhikr (promounced zikr, meaning remembrance). This spiritual practice of invocation is praised by `Abdu'l-Bahá. He encourages spiritual seekers to “recite the Greatest Name at every morn, and (to) turn…unto the kingdom of Abhá, until though mayest apprehend the mysteries. Through the invocation fo the Greatest Name, `Abdu'l-Bahá maintains that “the doors of the kingdom of God open, illumination is vouchsafed and divine union results…The use of the Greatest Name, and dependence upon it, causes the soul to strip itself of the husks of morality and to step forth freed, reborn, a new creature.” `Abdu'l-Bahá encourages the use of the sacred phrase Alláh-u-Abhá as a focus for invocation: “The Greatest Name should be found upon the lips in the first awakening moment of early dawn. It should be fed upon by constant use in daily invocation, in trouble, under opposition, and should be the last word breathed when the head rests upon the pillow at night. It is the name of comfort, protection, happiness, illumination, love and unity. “ Pages 57-58 from the Book, Wisdom of the Masters: The Spiritual Teachings of `Abdu'l-Bahá, References 54-56 (The reference in the back of the book is below if you would like further details) “The Greatest Name, Symbol of the Cause”, Baha’i News (Oct 1964), p. 2. Also see Steven Scholl, “The Remembrance of God: An invocation Technique in Sufiism and the Writings of the Bas and Baha’u’llah, “ Baha’i Studies Bulletin (1985). Why say The Greatest Name Alláh-u-Abhá 95 Times? In the book ‘Gate of the Heart’ by Nader Saiedi, he explains that the significance of the number 95 originates from the Persian Bayán, where the Báb states that ninety-five stands for the numerical value of "for God" (lillāh), symbolizing the recognition of the manifestation of God and obedience to his laws, which are inseparable from each other, as confirmed by Bahá'u'lláh in the opening paragraph of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas. The 95 Alláh-u-Abhá Meditation audio is a meditation that includes a chanted repetition of the sacred word Alláh-u-Abhá, which means ‘God the All-Glorious’.  According to Note 33 from the The Kitáb-i-Aqdas,  “It hath been ordained that every believer in God … shall, each day … repeat “Alláh-u-Abhá” ninety-five times. “Alláh-u-Abhá” is an Arabic phrase meaning “God the All-Glorious.” It is a form of the Greatest Name of God (see note 137). In Islám there is a tradition that among the many names of God, one was the greatest; however, the identity of this Greatest Name was hidden. Bahá’u’lláh has confirmed that the Greatest Name is “Bahá.”  The various derivatives of the word “Bahá” are also regarded as the Greatest Name. Shoghi Effendi’s secretary writing on his behalf explains that  “The Greatest Name is the Name of Bahá’u’lláh. “Yá Bahá’u’l-Abhá” is an invocation meaning: “O Thou Glory of Glories!” “Alláh-u-Abhá” is a greeting which means: “God the All-Glorious.” Both refer to Bahá’u’lláh. By Greatest Name is meant that Bahá’u’lláh has appeared in God’s Greatest Name, in other words, that He is the supreme Manifestation of God. “ The greeting “Alláh-u-Abhá” was adopted during the period of Bahá’u’lláh’s exile in Adrianople.  The repetition of “Alláh-u-Abhá” ninety-five times is to be preceded by the performance of ablutions (see note 34).” Alláh-u-Abhá also appears in the Prayer for the Dead as indicated in Note 11 from the The Kitáb-i-Aqdas,  “The passages that form part of the Prayer for the Dead comprise the repetition of the greeting “Alláh-u-Abhá” (God is the All-Glorious) six times, each followed by nineteen repetitions of one of six specifically revealed verses.”

Bicentenary Meditation Project
266/365 (GREEK Ελληνικά) Alláh-u-Abhá Yoga Nidra

Bicentenary Meditation Project

Play Episode Listen Later Feb 15, 2021 15:10


Significance of Repeating The Greatest Name Alláh-u-Abha “`Abdu'l-Bahá teaches how the practice of invocation or repetition of “The Greatest Name” (Alláh-u-Abhá, God is Most Glorious) leads to union with God, illumination and spiritual rebirth. The use of invocation is well developed among the mystics of Islam, the Sufis. The repetition of sacred phrases is called dhikr (promounced zikr, meaning remembrance). This spiritual practice of invocation is praised by `Abdu'l-Bahá. He encourages spiritual seekers to “recite the Greatest Name at every morn, and (to) turn…unto the kingdom of Abhá, until though mayest apprehend the mysteries. Through the invocation fo the Greatest Name, `Abdu'l-Bahá maintains that “the doors of the kingdom of God open, illumination is vouchsafed and divine union results…The use of the Greatest Name, and dependence upon it, causes the soul to strip itself of the husks of morality and to step forth freed, reborn, a new creature.” `Abdu'l-Bahá encourages the use of the sacred phrase Alláh-u-Abhá as a focus for invocation: “The Greatest Name should be found upon the lips in the first awakening moment of early dawn. It should be fed upon by constant use in daily invocation, in trouble, under opposition, and should be the last word breathed when the head rests upon the pillow at night. It is the name of comfort, protection, happiness, illumination, love and unity. “ Pages 57-58 from the Book, Wisdom of the Masters: The Spiritual Teachings of `Abdu'l-Bahá, References 54-56 (The reference in the back of the book is below if you would like further details) “The Greatest Name, Symbol of the Cause”, Baha’i News (Oct 1964), p. 2. Also see Steven Scholl, “The Remembrance of God: An invocation Technique in Sufiism and the Writings of the Bas and Baha’u’llah, “ Baha’i Studies Bulletin (1985). Why say The Greatest Name Alláh-u-Abhá 95 Times? In the book ‘Gate of the Heart’ by Nader Saiedi, he explains that the significance of the number 95 originates from the Persian Bayán, where the Báb states that ninety-five stands for the numerical value of "for God" (lillāh), symbolizing the recognition of the manifestation of God and obedience to his laws, which are inseparable from each other, as confirmed by Bahá'u'lláh in the opening paragraph of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas. The 95 Alláh-u-Abhá Meditation audio is a meditation that includes a chanted repetition of the sacred word Alláh-u-Abhá, which means ‘God the All-Glorious’.  According to Note 33 from the The Kitáb-i-Aqdas,  “It hath been ordained that every believer in God … shall, each day … repeat “Alláh-u-Abhá” ninety-five times. “Alláh-u-Abhá” is an Arabic phrase meaning “God the All-Glorious.” It is a form of the Greatest Name of God (see note 137). In Islám there is a tradition that among the many names of God, one was the greatest; however, the identity of this Greatest Name was hidden. Bahá’u’lláh has confirmed that the Greatest Name is “Bahá.”  The various derivatives of the word “Bahá” are also regarded as the Greatest Name. Shoghi Effendi’s secretary writing on his behalf explains that  “The Greatest Name is the Name of Bahá’u’lláh. “Yá Bahá’u’l-Abhá” is an invocation meaning: “O Thou Glory of Glories!” “Alláh-u-Abhá” is a greeting which means: “God the All-Glorious.” Both refer to Bahá’u’lláh. By Greatest Name is meant that Bahá’u’lláh has appeared in God’s Greatest Name, in other words, that He is the supreme Manifestation of God. “ The greeting “Alláh-u-Abhá” was adopted during the period of Bahá’u’lláh’s exile in Adrianople.  The repetition of “Alláh-u-Abhá” ninety-five times is to be preceded by the performance of ablutions (see note 34).” Alláh-u-Abhá also appears in the Prayer for the Dead as indicated in Note 11 from the The Kitáb-i-Aqdas,  “The passages that form part of the Prayer for the Dead comprise the repetition of the greeting “Alláh-u-Abhá” (God is the All-Glorious) six times, each followed by nineteen repetitions of one of six specifically revealed verses.”

Tales of History and Imagination
Six: Sabbatai Zevi/ Dorothy Martin's Flying Saucer.

Tales of History and Imagination

Play Episode Listen Later Feb 3, 2021 18:44


This episode is based on two blogs, with a unified theme. Apologies for the croaky voice this week. Let's discuss some Messiahs and aliens. One.The year is 1666, the setting Adrianople in the Ottoman Empire – modern day Turkey. A middle aged preacher named Sabbatai Zevi, held captive since his arrival there, mulls over a difficult choice. Tomorrow he will be brought before the Ottoman Sultan Mehmet IV and be told to make a choice, a Monty Hall problem if ever there was one – though in his case there is no ‘behind one door there is a car, behind the other two doors, goats’ option. If only there were goats. Every door leads to death or disgrace. For close to a decade Zevi, a rogue Kabbalist rabbi, has been claiming to be the true son of God, and messiah. It is his proselytizing which has got him into this mess. Tomorrow he must choose instant execution, a trial by arrows or ‘the turban’Originally posted 10th March 2020. You can read the blog post here.Two.Today we join our tale towards it’s climax, at a suburban home in Oak Park, Illinois. The time and date, 6pm, 21st December 1954. A dozen or so suburbanites – just regular Americans really – gather round the lady of the house, convinced she has supernatural powers. They’ve been camped out at the house for several days now. Many have sacrificed everything to be there. Earlier in the day they may have sung Christmas carols on the lawn to onlookers. They stood outside for some time, gazing skyward, hoping their visitor from Clarion, Sanada, would just arrive already. Perhaps feeling the glare of the camera, they retreated inside. If Sanada can traverse galaxies, surely he’ll have no trouble finding 847 West School Street.Originally posted 17th March 2020. You can read the blog post here.It you enjoy the show please leave me a like and give the show a follow. Share the channel with just one person you know will like it. For one you’ll have someone to discuss episodes with, and it helps the channel grow. I post a new episode every fortnight, Wednesday night New Zealand time. Tales of History and Imagination are on Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, and run a weekly Wordpress Blog. About the Author: Simone Toni Whitlow is a songwriter and musician, formerly with Auckland rock band Ishtar. She is an academic with degrees in history, teaching and project management. A former Mastermind contestant, she has some idea what it’s like to face up to a Monty Hall. Transgender, she uses she/her pronouns. 

Bicentenary Meditation Project
262/365 (KOREAN 한국어) Alláh-u-Abhá Yoga Nidra

Bicentenary Meditation Project

Play Episode Listen Later Jan 27, 2021 9:22


Significance of Repeating The Greatest Name Alláh-u-Abha “`Abdu'l-Bahá teaches how the practice of invocation or repetition of “The Greatest Name” (Alláh-u-Abhá, God is Most Glorious) leads to union with God, illumination and spiritual rebirth. The use of invocation is well developed among the mystics of Islam, the Sufis. The repetition of sacred phrases is called dhikr (promounced zikr, meaning remembrance). This spiritual practice of invocation is praised by `Abdu'l-Bahá. He encourages spiritual seekers to “recite the Greatest Name at every morn, and (to) turn…unto the kingdom of Abhá, until though mayest apprehend the mysteries. Through the invocation fo the Greatest Name, `Abdu'l-Bahá maintains that “the doors of the kingdom of God open, illumination is vouchsafed and divine union results…The use of the Greatest Name, and dependence upon it, causes the soul to strip itself of the husks of morality and to step forth freed, reborn, a new creature.” `Abdu'l-Bahá encourages the use of the sacred phrase Alláh-u-Abhá as a focus for invocation: “The Greatest Name should be found upon the lips in the first awakening moment of early dawn. It should be fed upon by constant use in daily invocation, in trouble, under opposition, and should be the last word breathed when the head rests upon the pillow at night. It is the name of comfort, protection, happiness, illumination, love and unity. “ Pages 57-58 from the Book, Wisdom of the Masters: The Spiritual Teachings of `Abdu'l-Bahá, References 54-56 (The reference in the back of the book is below if you would like further details) “The Greatest Name, Symbol of the Cause”, Baha’i News (Oct 1964), p. 2. Also see Steven Scholl, “The Remembrance of God: An invocation Technique in Sufiism and the Writings of the Bas and Baha’u’llah, “ Baha’i Studies Bulletin (1985). Why say The Greatest Name Alláh-u-Abhá 95 Times? In the book ‘Gate of the Heart’ by Nader Saiedi, he explains that the significance of the number 95 originates from the Persian Bayán, where the Báb states that ninety-five stands for the numerical value of "for God" (lillāh), symbolizing the recognition of the manifestation of God and obedience to his laws, which are inseparable from each other, as confirmed by Bahá'u'lláh in the opening paragraph of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas. The 95 Alláh-u-Abhá Meditation audio is a meditation that includes a chanted repetition of the sacred word Alláh-u-Abhá, which means ‘God the All-Glorious’.  According to Note 33 from the The Kitáb-i-Aqdas,  “It hath been ordained that every believer in God … shall, each day … repeat “Alláh-u-Abhá” ninety-five times. “Alláh-u-Abhá” is an Arabic phrase meaning “God the All-Glorious.” It is a form of the Greatest Name of God (see note 137). In Islám there is a tradition that among the many names of God, one was the greatest; however, the identity of this Greatest Name was hidden. Bahá’u’lláh has confirmed that the Greatest Name is “Bahá.”  The various derivatives of the word “Bahá” are also regarded as the Greatest Name. Shoghi Effendi’s secretary writing on his behalf explains that  “The Greatest Name is the Name of Bahá’u’lláh. “Yá Bahá’u’l-Abhá” is an invocation meaning: “O Thou Glory of Glories!” “Alláh-u-Abhá” is a greeting which means: “God the All-Glorious.” Both refer to Bahá’u’lláh. By Greatest Name is meant that Bahá’u’lláh has appeared in God’s Greatest Name, in other words, that He is the supreme Manifestation of God. “ The greeting “Alláh-u-Abhá” was adopted during the period of Bahá’u’lláh’s exile in Adrianople.  The repetition of “Alláh-u-Abhá” ninety-five times is to be preceded by the performance of ablutions (see note 34).” Alláh-u-Abhá also appears in the Prayer for the Dead as indicated in Note 11 from the The Kitáb-i-Aqdas,  “The passages that form part of the Prayer for the Dead comprise the repetition of the greeting “Alláh-u-Abhá” (God is the All-Glorious) six times, each followed by nineteen repetitions of one of six specifically revealed verses.”

Bicentenary Meditation Project
258/365 (FINNISH SUOMALAINEN) Alláh-u-Abhá Yoga Nidra -meditaatio Alláh-u-Abhá Yoga Nidra

Bicentenary Meditation Project

Play Episode Listen Later Jan 26, 2021 13:05


Significance of Repeating The Greatest Name Alláh-u-Abha “`Abdu'l-Bahá teaches how the practice of invocation or repetition of “The Greatest Name” (Alláh-u-Abhá, God is Most Glorious) leads to union with God, illumination and spiritual rebirth. The use of invocation is well developed among the mystics of Islam, the Sufis. The repetition of sacred phrases is called dhikr (promounced zikr, meaning remembrance). This spiritual practice of invocation is praised by `Abdu'l-Bahá. He encourages spiritual seekers to “recite the Greatest Name at every morn, and (to) turn…unto the kingdom of Abhá, until though mayest apprehend the mysteries. Through the invocation fo the Greatest Name, `Abdu'l-Bahá maintains that “the doors of the kingdom of God open, illumination is vouchsafed and divine union results…The use of the Greatest Name, and dependence upon it, causes the soul to strip itself of the husks of morality and to step forth freed, reborn, a new creature.” `Abdu'l-Bahá encourages the use of the sacred phrase Alláh-u-Abhá as a focus for invocation: “The Greatest Name should be found upon the lips in the first awakening moment of early dawn. It should be fed upon by constant use in daily invocation, in trouble, under opposition, and should be the last word breathed when the head rests upon the pillow at night. It is the name of comfort, protection, happiness, illumination, love and unity. “ Pages 57-58 from the Book, Wisdom of the Masters: The Spiritual Teachings of `Abdu'l-Bahá, References 54-56 (The reference in the back of the book is below if you would like further details) “The Greatest Name, Symbol of the Cause”, Baha’i News (Oct 1964), p. 2. Also see Steven Scholl, “The Remembrance of God: An invocation Technique in Sufiism and the Writings of the Bas and Baha’u’llah, “ Baha’i Studies Bulletin (1985). Why say The Greatest Name Alláh-u-Abhá 95 Times? In the book ‘Gate of the Heart’ by Nader Saiedi, he explains that the significance of the number 95 originates from the Persian Bayán, where the Báb states that ninety-five stands for the numerical value of "for God" (lillāh), symbolizing the recognition of the manifestation of God and obedience to his laws, which are inseparable from each other, as confirmed by Bahá'u'lláh in the opening paragraph of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas. The 95 Alláh-u-Abhá Meditation audio is a meditation that includes a chanted repetition of the sacred word Alláh-u-Abhá, which means ‘God the All-Glorious’.  According to Note 33 from the The Kitáb-i-Aqdas,  “It hath been ordained that every believer in God … shall, each day … repeat “Alláh-u-Abhá” ninety-five times. “Alláh-u-Abhá” is an Arabic phrase meaning “God the All-Glorious.” It is a form of the Greatest Name of God (see note 137). In Islám there is a tradition that among the many names of God, one was the greatest; however, the identity of this Greatest Name was hidden. Bahá’u’lláh has confirmed that the Greatest Name is “Bahá.”  The various derivatives of the word “Bahá” are also regarded as the Greatest Name. Shoghi Effendi’s secretary writing on his behalf explains that  “The Greatest Name is the Name of Bahá’u’lláh. “Yá Bahá’u’l-Abhá” is an invocation meaning: “O Thou Glory of Glories!” “Alláh-u-Abhá” is a greeting which means: “God the All-Glorious.” Both refer to Bahá’u’lláh. By Greatest Name is meant that Bahá’u’lláh has appeared in God’s Greatest Name, in other words, that He is the supreme Manifestation of God. “ The greeting “Alláh-u-Abhá” was adopted during the period of Bahá’u’lláh’s exile in Adrianople.  The repetition of “Alláh-u-Abhá” ninety-five times is to be preceded by the performance of ablutions (see note 34).” Alláh-u-Abhá also appears in the Prayer for the Dead as indicated in Note 11 from the The Kitáb-i-Aqdas,  “The passages that form part of the Prayer for the Dead comprise the repetition of the greeting “Alláh-u-Abhá” (God is the All-Glorious) six times, each followed by nineteen repetitions of one of six specifically revealed verses.”

Bicentenary Meditation Project
253/365 (ARABIC عربى) Alláh-u-Abhá Yoga Nidra يوغا "الله ابهى

Bicentenary Meditation Project

Play Episode Listen Later Jan 25, 2021 11:43


Significance of Repeating The Greatest Name Alláh-u-Abha “`Abdu'l-Bahá teaches how the practice of invocation or repetition of “The Greatest Name” (Alláh-u-Abhá, God is Most Glorious) leads to union with God, illumination and spiritual rebirth. The use of invocation is well developed among the mystics of Islam, the Sufis. The repetition of sacred phrases is called dhikr (promounced zikr, meaning remembrance). This spiritual practice of invocation is praised by `Abdu'l-Bahá. He encourages spiritual seekers to “recite the Greatest Name at every morn, and (to) turn…unto the kingdom of Abhá, until though mayest apprehend the mysteries. Through the invocation fo the Greatest Name, `Abdu'l-Bahá maintains that “the doors of the kingdom of God open, illumination is vouchsafed and divine union results…The use of the Greatest Name, and dependence upon it, causes the soul to strip itself of the husks of morality and to step forth freed, reborn, a new creature.” `Abdu'l-Bahá encourages the use of the sacred phrase Alláh-u-Abhá as a focus for invocation: “The Greatest Name should be found upon the lips in the first awakening moment of early dawn. It should be fed upon by constant use in daily invocation, in trouble, under opposition, and should be the last word breathed when the head rests upon the pillow at night. It is the name of comfort, protection, happiness, illumination, love and unity. “ Pages 57-58 from the Book, Wisdom of the Masters: The Spiritual Teachings of `Abdu'l-Bahá, References 54-56 (The reference in the back of the book is below if you would like further details) “The Greatest Name, Symbol of the Cause”, Baha’i News (Oct 1964), p. 2. Also see Steven Scholl, “The Remembrance of God: An invocation Technique in Sufiism and the Writings of the Bas and Baha’u’llah, “ Baha’i Studies Bulletin (1985). Why say The Greatest Name Alláh-u-Abhá 95 Times? In the book ‘Gate of the Heart’ by Nader Saiedi, he explains that the significance of the number 95 originates from the Persian Bayán, where the Báb states that ninety-five stands for the numerical value of "for God" (lillāh), symbolizing the recognition of the manifestation of God and obedience to his laws, which are inseparable from each other, as confirmed by Bahá'u'lláh in the opening paragraph of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas. The 95 Alláh-u-Abhá Meditation audio is a meditation that includes a chanted repetition of the sacred word Alláh-u-Abhá, which means ‘God the All-Glorious’.  According to Note 33 from the The Kitáb-i-Aqdas,  “It hath been ordained that every believer in God … shall, each day … repeat “Alláh-u-Abhá” ninety-five times. “Alláh-u-Abhá” is an Arabic phrase meaning “God the All-Glorious.” It is a form of the Greatest Name of God (see note 137). In Islám there is a tradition that among the many names of God, one was the greatest; however, the identity of this Greatest Name was hidden. Bahá’u’lláh has confirmed that the Greatest Name is “Bahá.”  The various derivatives of the word “Bahá” are also regarded as the Greatest Name. Shoghi Effendi’s secretary writing on his behalf explains that  “The Greatest Name is the Name of Bahá’u’lláh. “Yá Bahá’u’l-Abhá” is an invocation meaning: “O Thou Glory of Glories!” “Alláh-u-Abhá” is a greeting which means: “God the All-Glorious.” Both refer to Bahá’u’lláh. By Greatest Name is meant that Bahá’u’lláh has appeared in God’s Greatest Name, in other words, that He is the supreme Manifestation of God. “ The greeting “Alláh-u-Abhá” was adopted during the period of Bahá’u’lláh’s exile in Adrianople.  The repetition of “Alláh-u-Abhá” ninety-five times is to be preceded by the performance of ablutions (see note 34).” Alláh-u-Abhá also appears in the Prayer for the Dead as indicated in Note 11 from the The Kitáb-i-Aqdas,  “The passages that form part of the Prayer for the Dead comprise the repetition of the greeting “Alláh-u-Abhá” (God is the All-Glorious) six times, each followed by nineteen repetitions of one of six specifically revealed verses.”

Saturdays are for the Byzantines
The Battle of Adrianople

Saturdays are for the Byzantines

Play Episode Listen Later Jan 24, 2021 48:56


This episode analyzes the events leading up to the Battle of Adrianople and the battle itself.

Bicentenary Meditation Project
252/365 (DANISH DANSK) Alláh-u-Abhá Yoga Nidra

Bicentenary Meditation Project

Play Episode Listen Later Jan 20, 2021 9:16


Significance of Repeating The Greatest Name Alláh-u-Abha “`Abdu'l-Bahá teaches how the practice of invocation or repetition of “The Greatest Name” (Alláh-u-Abhá, God is Most Glorious) leads to union with God, illumination and spiritual rebirth. The use of invocation is well developed among the mystics of Islam, the Sufis. The repetition of sacred phrases is called dhikr (promounced zikr, meaning remembrance). This spiritual practice of invocation is praised by `Abdu'l-Bahá. He encourages spiritual seekers to “recite the Greatest Name at every morn, and (to) turn…unto the kingdom of Abhá, until though mayest apprehend the mysteries. Through the invocation fo the Greatest Name, `Abdu'l-Bahá maintains that “the doors of the kingdom of God open, illumination is vouchsafed and divine union results…The use of the Greatest Name, and dependence upon it, causes the soul to strip itself of the husks of morality and to step forth freed, reborn, a new creature.” `Abdu'l-Bahá encourages the use of the sacred phrase Alláh-u-Abhá as a focus for invocation: “The Greatest Name should be found upon the lips in the first awakening moment of early dawn. It should be fed upon by constant use in daily invocation, in trouble, under opposition, and should be the last word breathed when the head rests upon the pillow at night. It is the name of comfort, protection, happiness, illumination, love and unity. “ Pages 57-58 from the Book, Wisdom of the Masters: The Spiritual Teachings of `Abdu'l-Bahá, References 54-56 (The reference in the back of the book is below if you would like further details) “The Greatest Name, Symbol of the Cause”, Baha’i News (Oct 1964), p. 2. Also see Steven Scholl, “The Remembrance of God: An invocation Technique in Sufiism and the Writings of the Bas and Baha’u’llah, “ Baha’i Studies Bulletin (1985). Why say The Greatest Name Alláh-u-Abhá 95 Times? In the book ‘Gate of the Heart’ by Nader Saiedi, he explains that the significance of the number 95 originates from the Persian Bayán, where the Báb states that ninety-five stands for the numerical value of "for God" (lillāh), symbolizing the recognition of the manifestation of God and obedience to his laws, which are inseparable from each other, as confirmed by Bahá'u'lláh in the opening paragraph of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas. The 95 Alláh-u-Abhá Meditation audio is a meditation that includes a chanted repetition of the sacred word Alláh-u-Abhá, which means ‘God the All-Glorious’.  According to Note 33 from the The Kitáb-i-Aqdas,  “It hath been ordained that every believer in God … shall, each day … repeat “Alláh-u-Abhá” ninety-five times. “Alláh-u-Abhá” is an Arabic phrase meaning “God the All-Glorious.” It is a form of the Greatest Name of God (see note 137). In Islám there is a tradition that among the many names of God, one was the greatest; however, the identity of this Greatest Name was hidden. Bahá’u’lláh has confirmed that the Greatest Name is “Bahá.”  The various derivatives of the word “Bahá” are also regarded as the Greatest Name. Shoghi Effendi’s secretary writing on his behalf explains that  “The Greatest Name is the Name of Bahá’u’lláh. “Yá Bahá’u’l-Abhá” is an invocation meaning: “O Thou Glory of Glories!” “Alláh-u-Abhá” is a greeting which means: “God the All-Glorious.” Both refer to Bahá’u’lláh. By Greatest Name is meant that Bahá’u’lláh has appeared in God’s Greatest Name, in other words, that He is the supreme Manifestation of God. “ The greeting “Alláh-u-Abhá” was adopted during the period of Bahá’u’lláh’s exile in Adrianople.  The repetition of “Alláh-u-Abhá” ninety-five times is to be preceded by the performance of ablutions (see note 34).” Alláh-u-Abhá also appears in the Prayer for the Dead as indicated in Note 11 from the The Kitáb-i-Aqdas,  “The passages that form part of the Prayer for the Dead comprise the repetition of the greeting “Alláh-u-Abhá” (God is the All-Glorious) six times, each followed by nineteen repetitions of one of six specifically revealed verses.”

History of the World podcast
Vol 3 Ep 54 - BATTLE - The Battle of Adrianople

History of the World podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Jan 17, 2021 42:40


378 - A vital crossroads in the timeline of the Roman Empire comes when thousands of Germans come flooding across the Roman border looking for refuge and Romans look to exploit the situation. Many interesting factors will contribute to the outcome which will leave scars in the minds of everyone involved.

Bicentenary Meditation Project
155/365 (BAHASA INDONESIA) Alláh-u-Abhá Yoga Nidra Meditasi Yoga Nidra Allah-u-Abha

Bicentenary Meditation Project

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 7, 2020 15:11


Significance of Repeating The Greatest Name Alláh-u-Abha “`Abdu'l-Bahá teaches how the practice of invocation or repetition of “The Greatest Name” (Alláh-u-Abhá, God is Most Glorious) leads to union with God, illumination and spiritual rebirth. The use of invocation is well developed among the mystics of Islam, the Sufis. The repetition of sacred phrases is called dhikr (promounced zikr, meaning remembrance). This spiritual practice of invocation is praised by `Abdu'l-Bahá. He encourages spiritual seekers to “recite the Greatest Name at every morn, and (to) turn…unto the kingdom of Abhá, until though mayest apprehend the mysteries. Through the invocation fo the Greatest Name, `Abdu'l-Bahá maintains that “the doors of the kingdom of God open, illumination is vouchsafed and divine union results…The use of the Greatest Name, and dependence upon it, causes the soul to strip itself of the husks of morality and to step forth freed, reborn, a new creature.” `Abdu'l-Bahá encourages the use of the sacred phrase Alláh-u-Abhá as a focus for invocation: “The Greatest Name should be found upon the lips in the first awakening moment of early dawn. It should be fed upon by constant use in daily invocation, in trouble, under opposition, and should be the last word breathed when the head rests upon the pillow at night. It is the name of comfort, protection, happiness, illumination, love and unity. “ Pages 57-58 from the Book, Wisdom of the Masters: The Spiritual Teachings of `Abdu'l-Bahá, References 54-56 (The reference in the back of the book is below if you would like further details) “The Greatest Name, Symbol of the Cause”, Baha’i News (Oct 1964), p. 2. Also see Steven Scholl, “The Remembrance of God: An invocation Technique in Sufiism and the Writings of the Bas and Baha’u’llah, “ Baha’i Studies Bulletin (1985). Why say The Greatest Name Alláh-u-Abhá 95 Times? In the book ‘Gate of the Heart’ by Nader Saiedi, he explains that the significance of the number 95 originates from the Persian Bayán, where the Báb states that ninety-five stands for the numerical value of "for God" (lillāh), symbolizing the recognition of the manifestation of God and obedience to his laws, which are inseparable from each other, as confirmed by Bahá'u'lláh in the opening paragraph of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas. The 95 Alláh-u-Abhá Meditation audio is a meditation that includes a chanted repetition of the sacred word Alláh-u-Abhá, which means ‘God the All-Glorious’.  According to Note 33 from the The Kitáb-i-Aqdas,  “It hath been ordained that every believer in God … shall, each day … repeat “Alláh-u-Abhá” ninety-five times. “Alláh-u-Abhá” is an Arabic phrase meaning “God the All-Glorious.” It is a form of the Greatest Name of God (see note 137). In Islám there is a tradition that among the many names of God, one was the greatest; however, the identity of this Greatest Name was hidden. Bahá’u’lláh has confirmed that the Greatest Name is “Bahá.”  The various derivatives of the word “Bahá” are also regarded as the Greatest Name. Shoghi Effendi’s secretary writing on his behalf explains that  “The Greatest Name is the Name of Bahá’u’lláh. “Yá Bahá’u’l-Abhá” is an invocation meaning: “O Thou Glory of Glories!” “Alláh-u-Abhá” is a greeting which means: “God the All-Glorious.” Both refer to Bahá’u’lláh. By Greatest Name is meant that Bahá’u’lláh has appeared in God’s Greatest Name, in other words, that He is the supreme Manifestation of God. “ The greeting “Alláh-u-Abhá” was adopted during the period of Bahá’u’lláh’s exile in Adrianople.  The repetition of “Alláh-u-Abhá” ninety-five times is to be preceded by the performance of ablutions (see note 34).” Alláh-u-Abhá also appears in the Prayer for the Dead as indicated in Note 11 from the The Kitáb-i-Aqdas,  “The passages that form part of the Prayer for the Dead comprise the repetition of the greeting “Alláh-u-Abhá” (God is the All-Glorious) six times, each followed by nineteen repetitions of one of six specifically revealed verses.”

Imagine If?
Avoiding Adrianople

Imagine If?

Play Episode Listen Later Nov 11, 2020 28:17


Today we dive back thousands of years of history to see how all roads could still lead to Rome. See our website or leave us a voice memo

Bitesize Battles
The Battle of Adrianople 378: Goths on the Danube (The Fall of Rome Series)

Bitesize Battles

Play Episode Listen Later Nov 6, 2020 15:18


When the Goths turned up on the banks of the Roman frontier of the Danube river, they were desperate asylum seekers.But through some utterly inept Roman policy-making, they were turned into enemies and the Gothic War of 376-382 erupted.The Battle of Adrianople was the turning point in this war, allowing the Goths more or less free rein to rampage throughout Thrace, the Balkans and Greece - and it was the local Roman population which bore the brunt.The battle, the war, and the subsequent peace that was made had huge consequences for the integrity of the Roman Empire.There was a long way to go to the Fall of Rome, but it was a decisive moment with long-lasting repercussions. Welcome to the first episode in our series on the Fall of Rome - only Bitesize Battles.Subscribe here on your favourite podcast channel, and follow us on instagram @bitesizebattles to stay up to date with what's coming up.Thanks for listening.

History by the Century
The 4th Century CE- Part 2

History by the Century

Play Episode Listen Later Nov 1, 2020 64:53


What is the worst jerky in the history of mankind? What do World War 1 Germans have to do with 4th century steppe people? We'll also cover the year 378, Mesoamerica, China, Japan, Adrianople, Julian, and the Huns. Also who was "Bizarro Constantine" and why did Edward Gibbon really really really like him. We'll also cover the super simple invention that changed the next 1000 years and how to be "that guy" when you're watching a movie.

Ancient Warfare Podcast
AWA: Were late Roman armies as bad as they say?

Ancient Warfare Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 23, 2020 16:33


Robert asks, 'Was the Roman Army of the later Roman Empire really that bad as everyone believes? Were they really a shadow of the republican and early empire legions? Although they were defeated at Adrianople, other than that battle, they seemed to have done rather well against foreign enemies but were just stretched too thin and always involved in civil strife.' If you have any questions email Jasper at editor@ancient-warfare.com Enjoy the podcast? Why not become a patron? https://www.patreon.com/ancientwarfarepodcast

The History of the Christian Church
38-Bárbaros a las puertas

The History of the Christian Church

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 21, 2020


El título de este episodio es "Bárbaros a las puertas – y en todas partes"Vivo en la costa del sur de California en uno de los lugares más bellos del planeta: el condado de Ventura. El clima es templado durante todo el año con una temperatura media de 70 grados. Las playas son prístinas y la mayoría de las veces, despobladas. El condado tiene varios lugares de surf de primera. Pero de vez en cuando, por lo general durante el invierno, las tormentas lanzan enormes olas que destrozan la playa. Algunas de estas tormentas son locales y lavan enormes montones de escombros de las colinas que luego se terminan en la playa. Otros están lejos hacia el sur, frente a la costa de México, pero vienen olas que viajan hacia el norte y erosionan toneladas de arena, alterando la costa.En el 5º y 6º siglo, oleadas de invasiones bárbaras del Norte y del Este arrasaron a Europa para alterar el paisaje político y cultural y impulsaron a la Europa hacia la Edad Media.Cuando el Obispo Agustín de Hipona murió en el año 430, los Vándalos asediaban su ciudad. Mientras que el Concilio de Calcedonia se reunía en el año 451, el Papa Leo estaba negociando con los Hunos para dejar a Roma sin ser molestada.La historia Europea del 5º y 6º siglo fue dominada por el movimiento de los pueblos principalmente Germánicos en el territorio del antiguo Imperio Romano. El desplazamiento que se dio por esto y el cambio de población tuvieron un gran impacto en el Cristianismo en Occidente. La civilización Medieval fue el resultado de esta agitación bárbara junto con los vestigios finales de la sociedad Romana y el impacto que Agustín tuvo en la teología y la práctica de la Iglesia.La incursión de tribus Germánicas en el Imperio Romano fue sólo la primera de 4 oleadas masivas de migración.Los Alemanes llegaron en el 5º siglo. Los Vars y Eslavos entraron en los Balcanes en el 6º siglo. Los Musulmanes en el 7º siglos. Y los Vikingos en el 8º al 10º siglo.Los cambios sociales resultantes creados por estas migraciones invasivas tuvieron un efecto monumental en la Iglesia. Vamos a echar un vistazo ahora a sólo el primero de estos cambios de población - las invasiones Germánicas.El 5º siglo vio el clímax de lo que era realmente un largo proceso de inmigración controlada en su mayoría por los Alemanes. Ellos se establecieron en tierras en las frontera del Imperio y sirvieron en el ejército. En verdad, mientras que los Romanos se referían a los Alemanes como bárbaros, a menudo preservaban el Imperio llenando huecos en la población en declive de las tierras Romanas y llenando las legiones. Fue la Tormenta Perfecta la que vio que las cosas en un sentido figurado se cayeran para Roma. Los factores que se combinaron para generar esta Tormenta Perfecta fueron à1) Los Alemanes fueron presionados por invasores saliendo de Asia central,2) Los tratados claves entre los Romanos y los Alemanes se rompieron,3) El clima cálido que había visto un auge demográfico en el norte de Europa fue seguido por un frío amargo por el cual los Alemanes se vieran obligados a moverse hacia el sur en busca de tierras para sostener su población numerosa. No ayudó a Roma que los Alemanes conocían ahora las tácticas militares Romanas y llevaban armas Romanas.Nota para uno mismo: Si no quieres que tu vecino se haga cargo de tu casa, no le des las llaves y el código de alarma.Ciertas fechas en la primera mitad del 5º siglo son importantes àEn el año 410, Alarico, líder de los Godos Occidentales, o Visigodos, saqueó la ciudad de Roma. Este fue un evento comprensiblemente traumático para el Imperio Occidental. Su sucesor, Ataulf, se casó con la hermana del Emperador Honorio.En el año 430, Agustín, intentó explicar la caída de Roma por los Visigodos en su obra clásica La Ciudad de Dios. Murió el año antes del Concilio de Éfeso y la caída de su ciudad, Hipona en Norte de África a los Vándalos.En el año 451, Atila y los Hunos de Asia central, arrasaron por Europa Occidental, y luego fueron derrotados por una alianza de Romanos y Alemanes liderada por Atius.En el año 455, Atius y el Emperador Valentiniano III fueron asesinados, y los Vándalos bajo Gaiseric otra vez volvieron a saquear Roma.El primer contacto que los Romanos tuvieron con los Godos llegó durante el reinado del Emperador Decio. Durante el reinado de Constantino se convirtieron en aliados y a menudo entraron en las legiones en rangos elevados. Los Visigodos estaban siendo presionados desde el Oriente por los Hunos, y en el año 376 buscaron refugio en el lado Romano del Danubio. El Emperador Valens concedió su petición, y allí comenzó una conversión masiva de los Godos al Arrianismo. Debido al maltrato por los gobernadores Romanos, se rebelaron en el año 378 y mataron al Emperador Valens en la famosa Batalla de Adrianople. Así comenzó las verdadera invasión Germánicas del Imperio. En el año 419 los Visigodos habían sometido al sur de Galia y a toda España.Como hemos señalado en episodios anteriores, cuando los Godos invadieron el Imperio Occidental en el 5º siglo, en su mayor parte, vinieron, no como paganos saqueando, sino como cristianos Arrianos. Un obispo Godo llamado Teófilo había asistido al Concilio de Nicea en el año 325.El misionero que llevó el Evangelio a los Godos fue Ulfilas a mediados o finales del 4º siglo. Ulfilas tuvo un éxito increíble de ver a los Alemanes ganados a la fe por 2 razones...1) Su religión natal estaba en declive. En pocas palabras, sus dioses parecían bastante viejos y en mal estado.2) Las muchas tribus Alemanas compartían una lengua común.Al darse cuenta de que traducir la Biblia al Alemán era una clave para el éxito del evangelismo, Ulfilas pasó un tiempo considerable en el proyecto antes de su muerte. Dejó los libros de Samuel y Reyes fuera de su traducción porque pensó que los Godos à Bueno, ya sabían lo suficiente sobre la guerra.En el año 406, cuando Roma trajo a las legiones del Rin para proteger a Italia, otra tribu Germánica llamada los Vándalos entro en Galia, y luego a España, y finalmente saltó el estrecho de Gibraltar para acosar el norte de África. Su rey Gaiseric los llevó a Cartago, la cual conquistó en el año 439 y la hizo la capital de su reino Vándalo Arriano. Gaiseric era intolerante a otras formas de la fe. En el año 455 envió barcos a través del Mediterráneo para saquear Roma.Al principio, los Donatistas en el norte de África se regocijaron por la llegada de los Vándalos. Recuerda que Roma los veía como herejes. Pero no paso mucho tiempo para que se dieran cuenta de que el enemigo de mi enemigo no siempre es mi amigo. Los Vándalos no eran amistosos. Así que en el año 484, un sínodo Donatista-Católico se reunió para tratar de arreglar sus diferencias teológicas.Los Católicos fueron perseguidos bajo algunos de los reyes Vándalos a finales del 5º  y a principios del 6º siglo. Fue esta persecución la que dio a los Vándalos un mal nombre mucho más que cualquier acto real de "vandalismo". En realidad, los vándalos no eran más bárbaros que los otros Alemanes.El famoso general de Justiniano, Belisario, repulso a los Vándalos y volvió a ocupar el Norte de África para el Imperio Bizantino en el año 534.Los Visigodos y Vándalos fueron seguidos por Suevianos, los Borgoñeses y los Francos.Los Francos eran los menos móviles de las tribus Germánicas. Se establecieron en el norte de Francia y ampliaron su gobierno desde allí. Se unieron a varias otras tribus Alemanas junto con los Romanos para evitar la amenaza común de los Hunos en el año 451.De todas las tribus Alemanas, los Francos eran los menos inclinados a escuchar el mensaje de las misiones Cristianas. Parecían inmunes a la conversión hasta la conversión de su rey Clodoveo a mediados del 5º siglo.La conversión de Clodoveo a la Fe fue un momento significativo en la historia de Europa. Dado que los Vándalos, los Godos y los Borgoñones eran Arrianos, parecía probable que el Arrianismo se apoderara del Occidente. De todos los reinos Germánicos, solo los Francos bajo Clodoveo abrazaron lo que llamamos el Cristianismo Católico o según el consejo de Nicea, la fe mayormente de sus súbditos Europeos.En el año 492, el Obispo Avitus de Viena organizó el matrimonio de una princesa Borgoña llamada Clotilde con Clodoveo. Clotilde era una cristiana comprometida de sabor a Nicea. La pareja real tuvo un hijo, que fue bautizado, pero murió mientras aún estaba en sus túnicas bautismales. Clodoveo, que en ese momento todavía era un pagano, declaró en voz alta que sus dioses no permitirían que tal cosa sucediera. Más tarde tuvieron otro hijo. Este prosperó.Entonces, en la batalla con los Alemanni y cuando las cosas no iban a su favor, el desesperado Clodoveo pidió ayuda del Dios Cristiano. La batalla se volvió a su favor. Cuando los Alemanni fueron derrotados, Clodoveo se sometió al bautismo. El Obispo Remigius de Rheims realizó el rito el día de Navidad en el año 496.La fuente de toda esta historia es una obra de Gregorio de Tours titulada Historia de los Francos. Este libro dio a los Francos su identidad y moldeó su comprensión del futuro que tendrían en forjar la historia Europea.Después de su bautismo, Clodoveo fue ungido en su rol de monarca. Esta unción del rey por un obispo se convirtió en una costumbre entre los Francos. El aura resultante de la sagrada realeza Cristiana parecía justificar el control Franco de la Iglesia. Lamentablemente, el carácter de Clodoveo siguió siendo poco cambiado por su aceptación oficial del Cristianismo. Parece que adoptó la religión como una cuestión de conveniencia política, pero no recibió al Evangelio.En el año 493, Odoacer, el general Alemán que había forzado la abdicación del último Emperador Romano Occidental un poco menos de 20 años antes, fue asesinado por el Rey Ostrogodo del este Teodoro. Junto con Clodoveo, Teodoro era el gobernante más importante de los reinos bárbaros. Teodoro hizo de Rávena en Italia su capital. Fue un Arriano que adoptó la cultura Bizantina. Aunque el era personalmente tolerante, sus súbditos católicos de Nicea, no lo eran. Su gobierno vio el último florecimiento de la cultura Romana en Occidente. El reino Ostrogodo continuó hasta el año 553, cuando el general Oriental Belisario retomó gran parte de Italia para el Imperio Bizantino.El renacimiento cultural que ocurrió durante la primera mitad del 6º siglo ha sido llamado el "Verano Indio de la Antigüedad Cristiana". En este período se establecieron varias personas influyentes que sentaron las bases de la sociedad Medieval Temprana.Beocio era de una familia destacada Romana que se convirtió en filósofo y estadista en la corte de Teodoro. Aunque leal, Beocio quedó bajo sospecha y Teodoro lo encarceló y ejecutó. Mientras que estaba en prisión, Beocio escribió su obra más famosa, La Consolación de la Filosofía. Esta obra es importante porque marca la transición de los Padres de la Iglesia o lo que se llama Patricitas a los Escolásticos, de quienes hablaremos más adelante. A través de sus traducciones, Beocio entregó a la Edad Media, la ética y la lógica de Aristóteles. Los Escolásticos consideraban a Beocio como la mayor autoridad en filosofía después de Aristóteles.Dionisio Exiguos fue un Asiático Centro que llegó a Roma hacia finales del 5º siglo. Recolecto y tradujo el canon de la Iglesia Oriental al Latín. También colecciono el canon y los decretos papales de la iglesia Occidental. Su obra tuvo una enorme autoridad eclesiástica.Pero Dionisio tuvo un significado mucho más impactante en el contexto de que el introdujo un sistema de datación basado en la era Cristiana, comenzando con la encarnación de Cristo. Es el que creó todos los marcadores de a.C. y d.C. para dividir el tiempo. Hasta ese momento, el método secular de trazar la fecha estaba determinado por el gobierno de los cónsules de Roma y el Imperio de Diocleciano. Desafortunadamente, Dionisio calculó mal la fecha del nacimiento de Jesús, de modo que según el cálculo contemporáneo Jesús nació al menos en el 4º año A.C.Este es también el tiempo de Gregorio Magno, a quien dedicaremos un episodio entero muy pronto.El último en la crónica que incluiremos en la lista de las primeras invasiones bárbaras son los Lombardos. En el año 568 esta tribu Germánica rompió los límites establecidos por el Imperio de Justiniano y entraron a Italia. Gregorio Magno les dio la vuelta en el año 593 y aseguró la paz dividiendo Italia entre tierras Lombardas e Imperiales. Los Lombardos eran un lote polémico y gobernaban desde 3 centros: el reino de Pavía, en el Norte, amenazaba a la capital Imperial de Rávena; los ducados de Spoleto y Benevento en el centro de Italia eran un peligro para Roma y Nápoles. Los Lombardos eran Arrianos. Su aceptación del cristianismo Católico no llegó hasta el 7º siglo.Mientras terminamos este episodio, echemos un vistazo al efecto de las Invasiones Bárbaras.Agustín no fue el único que intentó una respuesta literaria a las invasiones Germánicas. Mientras que el saqueo de Roma en el año 410 parecía para muchos el fin de los tiempos, Orosio, escribió 7 volúmenes en contra de los paganos para mostrar que el mundo precristiano no sufrió nada menos que el presente. La obra se convirtió en una especie de manual para entender la historia en la Edad Media. Orosio dio un lugar central al Imperio Romano en el plan de Dios. Su historia colocó en la mente occidental la idea del rol divino de la civilización Romana. Jerónimo ya había interpretado el 4º  reino del libro de Daniel como Roma y llegó a la conclusión de que debía continuar mientras la Iglesia lo hiciera. Orosio promovió esta opinión de que tanto los Hebreos como los Romanos jugaron un rol importante en la salvación del mundo.La obra de Salvian titulada Sobre el Gobierno Divino en el año 440 promovió el significado histórico de los Alemanes. Exageró sus buenas características en contra la corrupción Romana. Dijo que Dios usó a los Alemanes como espada de juicio sobre la Roma malvada.Tres actitudes prevalecieron en Europa con respecto a las invasiones bárbaras àAgustín sostuvo que ultimadamente, el éxito político o su fracaso no tenia ninguna diferencia. Su enfoque estaba en el mundo venidero. En contraste, Orosio dijo que el Cristianismo era la garantia de la prosperidad del Imperio. Salvian afirmó que el Imperio fue castigado por sus pecados.Pero algo interesante sucedió una vez que los invasores Alemanes se establecieron en las antiguas tierras Romanas. En general, dejaron a un lado su fe con sabor Arriano por el Cristianismo Niceo-Católico y adoptaron la cultura Romana, o al menos, lo que quedaba de ella. A lo largo de un par de generaciones llegaron a identificarse como Romanos en lugar de como Godos, Francos, Borgoñones y Lombardos.Pero incluso con estas adaptaciones a la cultura Romana, los antiguos pueblos Romanos y Germánicos se dividieron por su idioma. Los Romanos hablaban Latín, los Alemanes Goth. Costumbres de comida y el vestido que se llevaban en muchos lugares con los Latinos usando togas mientras que los Alemanes llevaban pantalones. Sus sistemas legales diferían y las leyes se aplicaban a las diferentes clases del mismo reino. Los 2 pueblos tardaron siglos en mezclarse y convertirse en las naciones de la Europa moderna. La civilización Grecorromana se basaba en ciudades. Las invasiones Germánicas trajeron un declive a las ciudades. Una economía rural se desarrollo en el Occidente, acelerando el paso a lo que hemos llegado a asociar como la Edad Media: el Feudalismo. Mientras que, en el este, las ciudades seguían siendo el principal elemento de la organización social, en el Occidente, las fincas y territorios subieron a la preminencia. Los gobernantes confiaban en sus propias tierras, por lo que había una descentralización del gobierno.Con el declive del gobierno centralizado en el Occidente, la Iglesia se hizo a cargo de muchos de los servicios que alguna vez proporcionaba el Estado, como la educación. Las iglesias y monasterios estaban vinculados a la economía agrícola del Occidente y se beneficiaban de una estrecha relación con los gobernantes locales. Pero una cosa que vio crecer sustancialmente la importancia y la influencia de la Iglesia fue la fractura que ocurrió en el ámbito político. Cuando Europa Occidental se dividió en cientos de regiones más pequeñas, cada una con su propio gobernante, la autoridad universal de la Iglesia bajo Roma y los obispos regionales proporcionaron una continuidad que se necesitaba desesperadamente. Ninguna autoridad secular en el Occidente fue capaz de controlar a la Iglesia como un órgano de Estado en la misma medida que los Emperadores Orientales. Así que, en el Occidente, en lugar de que los reyes gobernaran en los asuntos de la Iglesia, fue la Iglesia la que jugó cada vez más un rol importante en los asuntos políticos.Una vez más quiero dar las gracias a todos aquellos que han ido a la página de CS en FB y nos han dado un me gusta. Ver sus comentarios igual seria una gran bendición.Especialmente quiero decirles gracias a aquellos que le han dado al podcast una buena crítica en Apple Podcasts. Apple Podcasts es el portal principal para el podcast y las críticas positivas nos ayudan en gran manera a promover el podcast.No lo menciono a menudo, pero necesito hacerlo ocasionalmente. Si quieres hacer una donación para mantener a Communio Sanctorum en línea, puedes usar la función de donación en el sitio web. Sanctorum.us

Bicentenary Meditation Project
33/365 Vibrational Power of 95 Alláh-u-Abhás

Bicentenary Meditation Project

Play Episode Listen Later Sep 17, 2020 15:45


Significance of Repeating The Greatest Name Alláh-u-Abha “`Abdu'l-Bahá teaches how the practice of invocation or repetition of “The Greatest Name” (Alláh-u-Abhá, God is Most Glorious) leads to union with God, illumination and spiritual rebirth. The use of invocation is well developed among the mystics of Islam, the Sufis. The repetition of sacred phrases is called dhikr (promounced zikr, meaning remembrance). This spiritual practice of invocation is praised by `Abdu'l-Bahá. He encourages spiritual seekers to “recite the Greatest Name at every morn, and (to) turn…unto the kingdom of Abhá, until though mayest apprehend the mysteries. Through the invocation fo the Greatest Name, `Abdu'l-Bahá maintains that “the doors of the kingdom of God open, illumination is vouchsafed and divine union results…The use of the Greatest Name, and dependence upon it, causes the soul to strip itself of the husks of morality and to step forth freed, reborn, a new creature.” `Abdu'l-Bahá encourages the use of the sacred phrase Alláh-u-Abhá as a focus for invocation: “The Greatest Name should be found upon the lips in the first awakening moment of early dawn. It should be fed upon by constant use in daily invocation, in trouble, under opposition, and should be the last word breathed when the head rests upon the pillow at night. It is the name of comfort, protection, happiness, illumination, love and unity. “ Pages 57-58 from the Book, Wisdom of the Masters: The Spiritual Teachings of `Abdu'l-Bahá, References 54-56 (The reference in the back of the book is below if you would like further details) “The Greatest Name, Symbol of the Cause”, Baha’i News (Oct 1964), p. 2. Also see Steven Scholl, “The Remembrance of God: An invocation Technique in Sufiism and the Writings of the Bas and Baha’u’llah, “ Baha’i Studies Bulletin (1985). Why say The Greatest Name Alláh-u-Abhá 95 Times? In the book ‘Gate of the Heart’ by Nader Saiedi, he explains that the significance of the number 95 originates from the Persian Bayán, where the Báb states that ninety-five stands for the numerical value of "for God" (lillāh), symbolizing the recognition of the manifestation of God and obedience to his laws, which are inseparable from each other, as confirmed by Bahá'u'lláh in the opening paragraph of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas. The 95 Alláh-u-Abhá Meditation audio is a meditation that includes a chanted repetition of the sacred word Alláh-u-Abhá, which means ‘God the All-Glorious’.  According to Note 33 from the The Kitáb-i-Aqdas,  “It hath been ordained that every believer in God … shall, each day … repeat “Alláh-u-Abhá” ninety-five times. “Alláh-u-Abhá” is an Arabic phrase meaning “God the All-Glorious.” It is a form of the Greatest Name of God (see note 137). In Islám there is a tradition that among the many names of God, one was the greatest; however, the identity of this Greatest Name was hidden. Bahá’u’lláh has confirmed that the Greatest Name is “Bahá.”  The various derivatives of the word “Bahá” are also regarded as the Greatest Name. Shoghi Effendi’s secretary writing on his behalf explains that  “The Greatest Name is the Name of Bahá’u’lláh. “Yá Bahá’u’l-Abhá” is an invocation meaning: “O Thou Glory of Glories!” “Alláh-u-Abhá” is a greeting which means: “God the All-Glorious.” Both refer to Bahá’u’lláh. By Greatest Name is meant that Bahá’u’lláh has appeared in God’s Greatest Name, in other words, that He is the supreme Manifestation of God. “ The greeting “Alláh-u-Abhá” was adopted during the period of Bahá’u’lláh’s exile in Adrianople.  The repetition of “Alláh-u-Abhá” ninety-five times is to be preceded by the performance of ablutions (see note 34).” Alláh-u-Abhá also appears in the Prayer for the Dead as indicated in Note 11 from the The Kitáb-i-Aqdas,  “The passages that form part of the Prayer for the Dead comprise the repetition of the greeting “Alláh-u-Abhá” (God is the All-Glorious) six times, each followed by nineteen repetitions of one of six specifically revealed verses.”

American Conservative University
Moment of Battle: The Twenty Clashes That Changed the World. The John Batchelor Show.

American Conservative University

Play Episode Listen Later Sep 10, 2020 72:23


Moment of Battle: The Twenty Clashes That Changed the World. The John Batchelor Show. John Batchelor talks to James Lacey, co-author along with Williamson Murray of the new book, Moment of Battle: The Twenty Clashes That Changed the World.About the book-Two modern masters of military history make their case for the twenty most pivotal battles of all time, in a riveting trip through the ages to those moments when the fate of the world hung in the balance. In the grand tradition of Edward Creasy’s classic Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World, James Lacey and Williamson Murray spotlight only those engagements that changed the course of civilization. In gripping narrative accounts they bring these conflicts and eras to vivid life, detailing the cultural imperatives that led inexorably to the battlefield, the experiences of the common soldiers who fought and died, and the legendary commanders and statesmen who matched wits, will, and nerve for the highest possible stakes. From the great clashes of antiquity to the high-tech wars of the twenty-first century, here are the stories of the twenty most consequential battles ever fought, including • Marathon, where Greece’s “greatest generation” repelled Persian forces three times their numbers—and saved Western civilization in its infancy• Adrianople, the death blow to a disintegrating Roman Empire• Trafalgar, the epic naval victory that cemented a century of British supremacy over the globe• Saratoga, the first truly American victory, won by united colonial militias, which ensured the ultimate triumph of the Revolution• Midway, the ferocious World War II sea battle that broke the back of the Japanese navy• Dien Bien Phu, the climactic confrontation between French imperial troops and Viet Minh rebels that led to American intervention in Vietnam and marked the rise of a new era of insurgent warfare• Operation Peach, the perilous 2003 mission to secure a vital bridge over the Euphrates River that would open the way to Baghdad Historians and armchair generals will argue forever about which battles have had the most direct impact on history. But there can be no doubt that these twenty are among those that set mankind on new trajectories. Each of these epochal campaigns is examined in its full historical, strategic, and tactical context—complete with edge-of-your-seat you-are-there battle re-creations. With an eye for the small detail as well as the bigger picture, Lacey and Murray identify the elements that bind these battles together: the key decisions, critical mistakes, and moments of crisis on which the fates of entire civilizations depended. Some battles merely leave a field littered with the bodies of the fallen. Others transform the map of the entire world. Moment of Battle is history written with the immediacy of today’s news, a magisterial tour d’horizon that refreshes our understanding of those essential turning points where the future was decided.A MAIN SELECTION OF THE HISTORY BOOK CLUB AND THE MILITARY BOOK CLUB “Two world-class historians present, eloquently and persuasively, twenty battles that fundamentally changed the course of history. Moment of Battle is a must acquisition for anyone seeking to understand the nature of human development—and its turning points.”—Dennis E. Showalter, professor of history, Colorado College, author of Armor and Blood “In a single volume, James Lacey and Williamson Murray have distilled a lifetime of learning and insight into the most influential battles in world history. This is a readable and compelling primer and a feast for the student of military history.”—James D. Hornfischer, author of Neptune’s Inferno: The U.S. Navy at Guadalcanal

American Conservative University
The Prager Show. Moment of Battle: The Twenty Clashes That Changed the World

American Conservative University

Play Episode Listen Later Sep 9, 2020 35:34


Moment of Battle: The Twenty Clashes That Changed the WorldDennis Prager  talks to James Lacey, co-author along with Williamson Murray of the new book, Moment of Battle: The Twenty Clashes That Changed the World.About the book-Two modern masters of military history make their case for the twenty most pivotal battles of all time, in a riveting trip through the ages to those moments when the fate of the world hung in the balance. In the grand tradition of Edward Creasy’s classic Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World, James Lacey and Williamson Murray spotlight only those engagements that changed the course of civilization. In gripping narrative accounts they bring these conflicts and eras to vivid life, detailing the cultural imperatives that led inexorably to the battlefield, the experiences of the common soldiers who fought and died, and the legendary commanders and statesmen who matched wits, will, and nerve for the highest possible stakes. From the great clashes of antiquity to the high-tech wars of the twenty-first century, here are the stories of the twenty most consequential battles ever fought, including • Marathon, where Greece’s “greatest generation” repelled Persian forces three times their numbers—and saved Western civilization in its infancy• Adrianople, the death blow to a disintegrating Roman Empire• Trafalgar, the epic naval victory that cemented a century of British supremacy over the globe• Saratoga, the first truly American victory, won by united colonial militias, which ensured the ultimate triumph of the Revolution• Midway, the ferocious World War II sea battle that broke the back of the Japanese navy• Dien Bien Phu, the climactic confrontation between French imperial troops and Viet Minh rebels that led to American intervention in Vietnam and marked the rise of a new era of insurgent warfare• Operation Peach, the perilous 2003 mission to secure a vital bridge over the Euphrates River that would open the way to Baghdad Historians and armchair generals will argue forever about which battles have had the most direct impact on history. But there can be no doubt that these twenty are among those that set mankind on new trajectories. Each of these epochal campaigns is examined in its full historical, strategic, and tactical context—complete with edge-of-your-seat you-are-there battle re-creations. With an eye for the small detail as well as the bigger picture, Lacey and Murray identify the elements that bind these battles together: the key decisions, critical mistakes, and moments of crisis on which the fates of entire civilizations depended. Some battles merely leave a field littered with the bodies of the fallen. Others transform the map of the entire world. Moment of Battle is history written with the immediacy of today’s news, a magisterial tour d’horizon that refreshes our understanding of those essential turning points where the future was decided.A MAIN SELECTION OF THE HISTORY BOOK CLUB AND THE MILITARY BOOK CLUB “Two world-class historians present, eloquently and persuasively, twenty battles that fundamentally changed the course of history. Moment of Battle is a must acquisition for anyone seeking to understand the nature of human development—and its turning points.”—Dennis E. Showalter, professor of history, Colorado College, author of Armor and Blood “In a single volume, James Lacey and Williamson Murray have distilled a lifetime of learning and insight into the most influential battles in world history. This is a readable and compelling primer and a feast for the student of military history.”—James D. Hornfischer, author of Neptune’s Inferno: The U.S. Navy at Guadalcanal--------------------------------------------------------------------  Visit Pragertopia  https://pragertopia.com/member/signup.php  The first month is 99 cents. After the first month the cost is $7.50 per month. If you can afford to pay for only one podcast, this is the one we recommend. It is the best conservative radio show out there, period. ACU strongly recommends ALL ACU students and alumni subscribe to Pragertopia. Do it today! You can listen to Dennis from 9 a.m. to Noon (Pacific) Monday thru Friday, live on the Internet  http://www.dennisprager.com/pages/listen  ------------------------------------------------------------------------For a great archive of Prager University videos visit-https://www.youtube.com/user/PragerUniversity/featured Donate today to PragerU! http://l.prageru.com/2eB2p0hGet PragerU bonus content for free! https://www.prageru.com/bonus-contentDownload Pragerpedia on your iPhone or Android! Thousands of sources and facts at your fingertips. iPhone: http://l.prageru.com/2dlsnbG Android: http://l.prageru.com/2dlsS5eJoin Prager United to get new swag every quarter, exclusive early access to our videos, and an annual TownHall phone call with Dennis Prager! http://l.prageru.com/2c9n6ysJoin PragerU's text list to have these videos, free merchandise giveaways and breaking announcements sent directly to your phone! https://optin.mobiniti.com/prageruDo you shop on Amazon? Click https://smile.amazon.com and a percentage of every Amazon purchase will be donated to PragerU. Same great products. Same low price. Shopping made meaningful. VISIT PragerU! https://www.prageru.comFOLLOW us! Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/prageruTwitter: https://twitter.com/prageruInstagram: https://instagram.com/prageru/PragerU is on Snapchat! JOIN PragerFORCE! For Students: http://l.prageru.com/2aozfkPJOIN our Educators Network! http://l.prageru.com/2aoz2y9 -------------------------------------------------------------------- The Rational Bible: Exodus by Dennis Prager  NATIONAL BESTSELLER"Dennis Prager has put together one of the most stunning commentaries in modern times on the most profound document in human history. It's a must-read that every person, religious and non-religious, should buy and peruse every night before bed. It'll make you think harder, pray more ardently, and understand your civilization better." — Ben Shapiro, host of "The Ben Shapiro Show""Dennis Prager’s commentary on Exodus will rank among the greatest modern Torah commentaries. That is how important I think it is. And I am clearly not alone... It might well be on its way to becoming the most widely read Torah commentary of our time—and by non-Jews as well as by Jews." — Rabbi Joseph Telushkin, bestselling author of Jewish LiteracyWhy do so many people think the Bible, the most influential book in world history, is outdated? Why do our friends and neighbors – and sometimes we ourselves – dismiss the Bible as irrelevant, irrational, immoral, or all of these things? This explanation of the Book of Exodus, the second book of the Bible, will demonstrate that the Bible is not only powerfully relevant to today’s issues, but completely consistent with rational thought.Do you think the Bible permitted the trans-Atlantic slave trade? You won’t after reading this book.Do you struggle to love your parents? If you do, you need this book.Do you doubt the existence of God because belief in God is “irrational?” This book will give you reason after reason to rethink your doubts.The title of this commentary is, “The Rational Bible” because its approach is entirely reason-based. The reader is never asked to accept anything on faith alone. As Prager says, “If something I write does not make rational sense, I have not done my job.”The Rational Bible is the fruit of Dennis Prager’s forty years of teaching the Bible to people of every faith, and no faith. On virtually every page, you will discover how the text relates to the contemporary world and to your life.His goal: to change your mind – and then change your life. Highly Recommended by ACU.Purchase his book at-https://www.amazon.com/Rational-Bible-Exodus-Dennis-Prager/dp/1621577724  The Rational Bible: Genesis by Dennis Prager USA Today bestsellerPublishers Weekly bestsellerWall Street Journal bestsellerMany people today think the Bible, the most influential book in world history, is not only outdated but irrelevant, irrational, and even immoral.This explanation of the Book of Genesis, the first book of the Bible, demonstrates clearly and powerfully that the opposite is true. The Bible remains profoundly relevant—both to the great issues of our day and to each individual life. It is the greatest moral guide and source of wisdom ever written.Do you doubt the existence of God because you think believing in God is irrational? This book will give you many reasons to rethink your doubts. Do you think faith and science are in conflict? You won’t after reading this commentary on Genesis. Do you come from a dysfunctional family? It may comfort you to know that every family discussed in Genesis was highly dysfunctional!The title of this commentary is “The Rational Bible” because its approach is entirely reason-based. The reader is never asked to accept anything on faith alone. In Dennis Prager’s words, “If something I write is not rational, I have not done my job.”The Rational Bible is the fruit of Dennis Prager’s forty years of teaching the Bible—whose Hebrew grammar and vocabulary he has mastered—to people of every faith and no faith at all. On virtually every page, you will discover how the text relates to the contemporary world in general and to you personally. His goal: to change your mind—and, as a result, to change your life. Highly Recommended by ACU.Purchase his book at-https://www.amazon.com/Rational-Bible-Genesis-Dennis-Prager/dp/1621578984 --------------------------------------------------------------------  HELP ACU SPREAD THE WORD! Ways to subscribe to the American Conservative University PodcastClick here to subscribe via iTunesClick here to subscribe via RSSYou can also subscribe via StitcherIf you like this episode head on over to iTunes and kindly leave us a rating, a review and subscribe! People find us through our good reviews. FEEDBACK + PROMOTIONYou can ask your questions, make comments, submit ideas for shows and lots more. Let your voice be heard.Email us at americanconservativeuniversity@americanconservativeuniversity.comNote- ACU Students and Alumni are asked to commit to donating Platelets and Plasma.  Make an Appointment Today! Call Your local Hospital or The Red Cross at 1-800-733-2767

Bicentenary Meditation Project
21/365 (UZBEK) Alláh-u-Abhá Yoga Nidra Alloh'u'Abho Yoga Nidra

Bicentenary Meditation Project

Play Episode Listen Later Jul 23, 2020 9:37


Significance of Repeating The Greatest Name Alláh-u-Abha “`Abdu'l-Bahá teaches how the practice of invocation or repetition of “The Greatest Name” (Alláh-u-Abhá, God is Most Glorious) leads to union with God, illumination and spiritual rebirth. The use of invocation is well developed among the mystics of Islam, the Sufis. The repetition of sacred phrases is called dhikr (promounced zikr, meaning remembrance). This spiritual practice of invocation is praised by `Abdu'l-Bahá. He encourages spiritual seekers to “recite the Greatest Name at every morn, and (to) turn…unto the kingdom of Abhá, until though mayest apprehend the mysteries. Through the invocation fo the Greatest Name, `Abdu'l-Bahá maintains that “the doors of the kingdom of God open, illumination is vouchsafed and divine union results…The use of the Greatest Name, and dependence upon it, causes the soul to strip itself of the husks of morality and to step forth freed, reborn, a new creature.” `Abdu'l-Bahá encourages the use of the sacred phrase Alláh-u-Abhá as a focus for invocation: “The Greatest Name should be found upon the lips in the first awakening moment of early dawn. It should be fed upon by constant use in daily invocation, in trouble, under opposition, and should be the last word breathed when the head rests upon the pillow at night. It is the name of comfort, protection, happiness, illumination, love and unity. “ Pages 57-58 from the Book, Wisdom of the Masters: The Spiritual Teachings of `Abdu'l-Bahá, References 54-56 (The reference in the back of the book is below if you would like further details) “The Greatest Name, Symbol of the Cause”, Baha’i News (Oct 1964), p. 2. Also see Steven Scholl, “The Remembrance of God: An invocation Technique in Sufiism and the Writings of the Bas and Baha’u’llah, “ Baha’i Studies Bulletin (1985). Why say The Greatest Name Alláh-u-Abhá 95 Times? In the book ‘Gate of the Heart’ by Nader Saiedi, he explains that the significance of the number 95 originates from the Persian Bayán, where the Báb states that ninety-five stands for the numerical value of "for God" (lillāh), symbolizing the recognition of the manifestation of God and obedience to his laws, which are inseparable from each other, as confirmed by Bahá'u'lláh in the opening paragraph of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas. The 95 Alláh-u-Abhá Meditation audio is a meditation that includes a chanted repetition of the sacred word Alláh-u-Abhá, which means ‘God the All-Glorious’.  According to Note 33 from the The Kitáb-i-Aqdas,  “It hath been ordained that every believer in God … shall, each day … repeat “Alláh-u-Abhá” ninety-five times. “Alláh-u-Abhá” is an Arabic phrase meaning “God the All-Glorious.” It is a form of the Greatest Name of God (see note 137). In Islám there is a tradition that among the many names of God, one was the greatest; however, the identity of this Greatest Name was hidden. Bahá’u’lláh has confirmed that the Greatest Name is “Bahá.”  The various derivatives of the word “Bahá” are also regarded as the Greatest Name. Shoghi Effendi’s secretary writing on his behalf explains that  “The Greatest Name is the Name of Bahá’u’lláh. “Yá Bahá’u’l-Abhá” is an invocation meaning: “O Thou Glory of Glories!” “Alláh-u-Abhá” is a greeting which means: “God the All-Glorious.” Both refer to Bahá’u’lláh. By Greatest Name is meant that Bahá’u’lláh has appeared in God’s Greatest Name, in other words, that He is the supreme Manifestation of God. “ The greeting “Alláh-u-Abhá” was adopted during the period of Bahá’u’lláh’s exile in Adrianople.  The repetition of “Alláh-u-Abhá” ninety-five times is to be preceded by the performance of ablutions (see note 34).” Alláh-u-Abhá also appears in the Prayer for the Dead as indicated in Note 11 from the The Kitáb-i-Aqdas,  “The passages that form part of the Prayer for the Dead comprise the repetition of the greeting “Alláh-u-Abhá” (God is the All-Glorious) six times, each followed by nineteen repetitions of one of six specifically revealed verses.”

Bicentenary Meditation Project
25/365 (FRENCH FRANÇAIS) Alláh-u-Abhá Yoga Nidra La méditation Alláh-u-Abhá Yoga Nidra

Bicentenary Meditation Project

Play Episode Listen Later Jul 19, 2020 14:31


Significance of Repeating The Greatest Name Alláh-u-Abha “`Abdu'l-Bahá teaches how the practice of invocation or repetition of “The Greatest Name” (Alláh-u-Abhá, God is Most Glorious) leads to union with God, illumination and spiritual rebirth. The use of invocation is well developed among the mystics of Islam, the Sufis. The repetition of sacred phrases is called dhikr (promounced zikr, meaning remembrance). This spiritual practice of invocation is praised by `Abdu'l-Bahá. He encourages spiritual seekers to “recite the Greatest Name at every morn, and (to) turn…unto the kingdom of Abhá, until though mayest apprehend the mysteries. Through the invocation fo the Greatest Name, `Abdu'l-Bahá maintains that “the doors of the kingdom of God open, illumination is vouchsafed and divine union results…The use of the Greatest Name, and dependence upon it, causes the soul to strip itself of the husks of morality and to step forth freed, reborn, a new creature.” `Abdu'l-Bahá encourages the use of the sacred phrase Alláh-u-Abhá as a focus for invocation: “The Greatest Name should be found upon the lips in the first awakening moment of early dawn. It should be fed upon by constant use in daily invocation, in trouble, under opposition, and should be the last word breathed when the head rests upon the pillow at night. It is the name of comfort, protection, happiness, illumination, love and unity. “ Pages 57-58 from the Book, Wisdom of the Masters: The Spiritual Teachings of `Abdu'l-Bahá, References 54-56 (The reference in the back of the book is below if you would like further details) “The Greatest Name, Symbol of the Cause”, Baha’i News (Oct 1964), p. 2. Also see Steven Scholl, “The Remembrance of God: An invocation Technique in Sufiism and the Writings of the Bas and Baha’u’llah, “ Baha’i Studies Bulletin (1985). Why say The Greatest Name Alláh-u-Abhá 95 Times? In the book ‘Gate of the Heart’ by Nader Saiedi, he explains that the significance of the number 95 originates from the Persian Bayán, where the Báb states that ninety-five stands for the numerical value of "for God" (lillāh), symbolizing the recognition of the manifestation of God and obedience to his laws, which are inseparable from each other, as confirmed by Bahá'u'lláh in the opening paragraph of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas. The 95 Alláh-u-Abhá Meditation audio is a meditation that includes a chanted repetition of the sacred word Alláh-u-Abhá, which means ‘God the All-Glorious’.  According to Note 33 from the The Kitáb-i-Aqdas,  “It hath been ordained that every believer in God … shall, each day … repeat “Alláh-u-Abhá” ninety-five times. “Alláh-u-Abhá” is an Arabic phrase meaning “God the All-Glorious.” It is a form of the Greatest Name of God (see note 137). In Islám there is a tradition that among the many names of God, one was the greatest; however, the identity of this Greatest Name was hidden. Bahá’u’lláh has confirmed that the Greatest Name is “Bahá.”  The various derivatives of the word “Bahá” are also regarded as the Greatest Name. Shoghi Effendi’s secretary writing on his behalf explains that  “The Greatest Name is the Name of Bahá’u’lláh. “Yá Bahá’u’l-Abhá” is an invocation meaning: “O Thou Glory of Glories!” “Alláh-u-Abhá” is a greeting which means: “God the All-Glorious.” Both refer to Bahá’u’lláh. By Greatest Name is meant that Bahá’u’lláh has appeared in God’s Greatest Name, in other words, that He is the supreme Manifestation of God. “ The greeting “Alláh-u-Abhá” was adopted during the period of Bahá’u’lláh’s exile in Adrianople.  The repetition of “Alláh-u-Abhá” ninety-five times is to be preceded by the performance of ablutions (see note 34).” Alláh-u-Abhá also appears in the Prayer for the Dead as indicated in Note 11 from the The Kitáb-i-Aqdas,  “The passages that form part of the Prayer for the Dead comprise the repetition of the greeting “Alláh-u-Abhá” (God is the All-Glorious) six times, each followed by nineteen repetitions of one of six specifically revealed verses.”

Bicentenary Meditation Project
20/365 (MANDARIN 中文) Baha'i Five Star Symbol Yoga Nidra 纪念双百诞辰 “巴哈伊五芒星” 标志放松术

Bicentenary Meditation Project

Play Episode Listen Later Jul 8, 2020 15:55


“The five-pointed star, or haykal (Arabic: temple‎) is the symbol of the Baháʼí Faith as mentioned by Shoghi Effendi, head of the Baháʼí Faith in the first half of the 20th century: "Strictly speaking the 5-pointed star is the symbol of our Faith, as used by the Báb and explained by Him."[1] The five-pointed star has been used as the outline of special letters or tablets by both the Báb[2] and Baháʼu'lláh.[3] Haykal is a loan word from the Hebrew word hēyḵāl, which means temple and specifically Solomon's Temple in Jerusalem. In Arabic, the word also means the body or form of something, particularly the human body.[4] In the Baháʼí tradition, the haykal was established by the Báb — who told of Baháʼu'lláh's coming — who represented the haykal as a five-pointed star representing the human body as a head, two hands, and two feet.[4][5] The Báb wrote many letters, tablets, prayers and more in the shape of a five-pointed star, including some that included many derivatives of the word Baháʼ (see below).[6][7] In Baháʼu'lláh's writings, specifically the Súriy-i-Haykal (Tablet of the Temple), while the meaning of temple remains present, the haykal is used mainly to mean the human body, but particularly the body of the Manifestation of God — a messenger from God — and the person of Baháʼu'lláh himself.[4] In the Tablet, the haykal is also used to refer to the word of God, which is revealed by the Manifestations of God.[8] He also says in the same Tablet: "O Living Temple! We have, in very truth,...ordained Thee to be the emblem of My Cause betwixt the heavens and the earth..."[9] “ The above excerpt was taken from Wikipedia Súriy-i-Haykal: The Tablet of The Temple “The Súriy-i-Haykal (Persian: سورةى هيكل‎) or Tablet of the Temple, is a composite work which consists of a tablet followed by five messages addressed to Pope Pius IX, Napoleon III, Tsar Alexander II of Russia, Queen Victoria, and Naser al-Din Shah Qajar. The messages were written while Baháʼu'lláh was in Adrianople, and shortly after its completion, Baháʼu'lláh instructed the Surih and the tablets to the kings be written in the form of a Haykal (temple), a five-pointed star, and added to it the conclusion: Thus have We built the Temple with the hands of power and might, could ye but know it. This is the Temple promised unto you in the Book. Draw ye nigh unto it. This is that which profiteth you, could ye but comprehend it. Be fair, O peoples of the earth! Which is preferable, this, or a temple which is built of clay? Set your faces towards it. Thus have ye been commanded by God, the Help in Peril, the Self-Subsisting.[1] Shoghi Effendi, who described the tablet as one of Baháʼu'lláh's most challenging works, writes about the Súriy-i Haykal, "words which reveal the importance He attached to those Messages, and indicate their direct association with the prophecies of the Old Testament", referring to the prophecy where Zechariah had promised the rebuilding of the Temple in the End of Times. In the Book of Zechariah it is recorded: And speak unto him, saying, Thus speaketh the LORD of hosts, saying, Behold the man whose name is The BRANCH; and he shall grow up out of his place, and he shall build the temple of the LORD: Even he shall build the temple of the LORD; and he shall bear the glory, and shall sit and rule upon his throne; and he shall be a priest upon his throne: and the counsel of peace shall be between them both. — Zechariah 6:12-13[2] Shoghi Effendi, in The Promised Day is Come (pp. 47–8), refers to this rebuilding of the temple as fulfilled in the return of the Manifestation of God in a human temple. Throughout the tablet, Baháʼu'lláh address the Haykal ("the Temple") and explains the glory which is invested in it. Baháʼu'lláh, in response to a question, has stated that the Haykal is the person of Baháʼu'lláh. Adib Taherzadeh has written that "[i]t is fascinating to know that the One Who speaks with the voice of God in this Tablet is identical with the One spoken to." Regarding the Haykal, Baháʼu'lláh writes that it refers to the human or physical temple of the Manifestation of God (prophets of God). He states that the Manifestation of God is a pure mirror that reflects the sovereignty of God and manifests God's beauty and grandeur to mankind. In essence Baháʼu'lláh explains that the Manifestation of God is a "Living Temple" and every time that Baháʼu'lláh addresses the Haykal he shows a new facet of God's revelation. The Haykal, which represents the Manifestation of God who spreads the Word of God in the form of a human temple, has members each of whom symbolize one of the signs and attributes of God. To the eyes of the Haykal he asks it to not look at the world of creation, but instead to focus on the beauty of God. To the Haykal's ears Baháʼu'lláh asks it to become deaf to the voices of the ungodly and to listen to the Word of God. To the tongue of the Haykal Baháʼu'lláh states that it has been created to mention the name of God. To the hands of the Haykal Baháʼu'lláh asks them to stretch out upon all humankind and hold within their grasp the reins of God. Finally, Baháʼu'lláh states that from the heart of the Haykal knowledge will emerge and raise scientists who will bring about technological achievements. Another symbol used by Baháʼu'lláh in describing the Haykal is through the four letters (H, Y, K, and L) that compose the word in Arabic. Baháʼu'lláh in the tablet explains the spiritual significance of each letter: H is for Huwiyyah (Essence of Divinity), Y is for Qadír (Almighty), K is for Karím (All Bountiful), and L is for Fadl (Grace). Regarding the five other messages to the rulers that form the pentacle of the Súriy-i-Haykal, Baháʼu'lláh tells them he is the Manifestation of God for this day, and that they should accept his message. The message to Naser al-Din Shah Qajar, which is the longest message, was delivered to the Shah by Badíʻ, a youth who was killed by the Shah shortly thereafter.” The above excerpt was taken from Wikipedia Click on the link to read the Full Tablet: Súriy-i-Haykal: The Tablet of The Temple What is Yoga Nidra? Yoga Nidra is a form of a meditative yogic sleep technique. According to the 8 Limbs of Ashtanga Yoga, it is considered under the umbrella of Step 5, Pratyahara, the type of meditation that focuses on withdrawal of the physical senses. It is said that 20 minutes of Yoga Nidra meditation is considered to make up for 2 —3 hours of sleep, bringing one into a very relaxed state, in between consciousness and unconsciousness, awake and asleep. The Five Star Symbol Yoga Nidra meditation repeats the stamping or branding of the five star symbol on each part of the body, as a form of symbolic union with the Haykal, which refers to the human or physical temples of the Manifestations of God. By branding the symbol of the five star symbol along the body, it is hoped that the pure mirrors which reflect the sovereignty of God, manifestations of God’s Beauty and grandeur will be illuminated within each cell in your body. Five Pointed Star Symbol Yoga Nidra Meditation Script The Bicentenary Meditation Project is a community karma-yoga-celebratory project and resource bank, which provides free meditations and their corresponding meditation-scripts based off of the Sacred Writings and Teachings of The Bab & Baha’u’llah for world-wide dissemination and use. The purpose of the meditations are used primarily to draw a closer spiritual connection through the Manifestations of God to God. One of the primary principles that The Bab & Baha’u’llah proclaimed is the Oneness of Humanity and how interrelated we are. As host and coordinator of the project, Yoga Avec Moi would like to kindly request for those who will be downloading the meditations scripts, to used them in circumstances with the utmost dignity, reverence and respect for the Sacred Teachings and Personage of The Bab & Baha’u’llah. You have permission to use them in devotionals, prayer gatherings, children’s virtues classes, junior youth animator gatherings, meditation classes & retreats, Hatha, Yin, Vinyasa yoga classes and retreats. If you would like to use them in contexts that have not been mentioned above, please drop us a line at yogiavecmoi@gmail.com to say hi and to double check if in doubt that it would be appropriate. This is primarily run on an honorary role basis, we have deep love in serving and providing for humanities spiritual needs, we ask that in return you respect our wishes to hold the Personages and Sacred Teachings of The Bab & Baha’u’llah with reverence and utmost dignity . DOWNLOAD FIVE POINTED STAR SYMBOL YOGA NIDRA MEDITATION SCRIPT Be a Bicentenary Meditation Project Meditation Contributor If you would like to donate your time or services to the Bicentenary Meditation Project as a meditation content creator, Illustrator or photography, please don’t hesitation to contact us at meditationsofbbobb@gmail.com! We would love to include you as a participant and contributor to the Bicentenary Meditation Project as well! As of 2020.07.07, The Five Pointed Star Yoga Nidra Meditation Script is in preparation to be translated into several language, further details can be accessed from the BULLETIN OF NEEDS, if you have any other language skillsets other than the languages mentioned, please do not hesitate to contact us and offer your services! As always, we would love to hear your experience of listening to Five Pointed Star Symbol Yoga Nidra Meditation in the comments below! Don’t forget to write a review on our Apple iTunes “Podcast” app channel called “Bicentenary Meditations Project” and let us know which was your favorite meditation, it will help guide others on where to begin their first meditations! The Bicentenary Meditations Project is now available on Spotify as well! If you would like to receive updates via our weekly newsletter as to when the next meditation is coming out, do drop your E-mail in the footer below :) Would love to have you join the Yoga Avec Moi Blessing Tribe Family!

Bicentenary Meditation Project
17/365 (MANDARIN 中文) Alláh-u-Abhá Yoga Nidra 纪念双百诞辰“阿拉胡-阿卜哈”放松术

Bicentenary Meditation Project

Play Episode Listen Later Jul 8, 2020 13:09


Significance of Repeating The Greatest Name Alláh-u-Abha “`Abdu'l-Bahá teaches how the practice of invocation or repetition of “The Greatest Name” (Alláh-u-Abhá, God is Most Glorious) leads to union with God, illumination and spiritual rebirth. The use of invocation is well developed among the mystics of Islam, the Sufis. The repetition of sacred phrases is called dhikr (promounced zikr, meaning remembrance). This spiritual practice of invocation is praised by `Abdu'l-Bahá. He encourages spiritual seekers to “recite the Greatest Name at every morn, and (to) turn…unto the kingdom of Abhá, until though mayest apprehend the mysteries. Through the invocation fo the Greatest Name, `Abdu'l-Bahá maintains that “the doors of the kingdom of God open, illumination is vouchsafed and divine union results…The use of the Greatest Name, and dependence upon it, causes the soul to strip itself of the husks of morality and to step forth freed, reborn, a new creature.” `Abdu'l-Bahá encourages the use of the sacred phrase Alláh-u-Abhá as a focus for invocation: “The Greatest Name should be found upon the lips in the first awakening moment of early dawn. It should be fed upon by constant use in daily invocation, in trouble, under opposition, and should be the last word breathed when the head rests upon the pillow at night. It is the name of comfort, protection, happiness, illumination, love and unity. “ Pages 57-58 from the Book, Wisdom of the Masters: The Spiritual Teachings of `Abdu'l-Bahá, References 54-56 (The reference in the back of the book is below if you would like further details) “The Greatest Name, Symbol of the Cause”, Baha’i News (Oct 1964), p. 2. Also see Steven Scholl, “The Remembrance of God: An invocation Technique in Sufiism and the Writings of the Bas and Baha’u’llah, “ Baha’i Studies Bulletin (1985). Why say The Greatest Name Alláh-u-Abhá 95 Times? In the book ‘Gate of the Heart’ by Nader Saiedi, he explains that the significance of the number 95 originates from the Persian Bayán, where the Báb states that ninety-five stands for the numerical value of "for God" (lillāh), symbolizing the recognition of the manifestation of God and obedience to his laws, which are inseparable from each other, as confirmed by Bahá'u'lláh in the opening paragraph of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas. The 95 Alláh-u-Abhá Meditation audio is a meditation that includes a chanted repetition of the sacred word Alláh-u-Abhá, which means ‘God the All-Glorious’.  According to Note 33 from the The Kitáb-i-Aqdas,  “It hath been ordained that every believer in God … shall, each day … repeat “Alláh-u-Abhá” ninety-five times. “Alláh-u-Abhá” is an Arabic phrase meaning “God the All-Glorious.” It is a form of the Greatest Name of God (see note 137). In Islám there is a tradition that among the many names of God, one was the greatest; however, the identity of this Greatest Name was hidden. Bahá’u’lláh has confirmed that the Greatest Name is “Bahá.”  The various derivatives of the word “Bahá” are also regarded as the Greatest Name. Shoghi Effendi’s secretary writing on his behalf explains that  “The Greatest Name is the Name of Bahá’u’lláh. “Yá Bahá’u’l-Abhá” is an invocation meaning: “O Thou Glory of Glories!” “Alláh-u-Abhá” is a greeting which means: “God the All-Glorious.” Both refer to Bahá’u’lláh. By Greatest Name is meant that Bahá’u’lláh has appeared in God’s Greatest Name, in other words, that He is the supreme Manifestation of God. “ The greeting “Alláh-u-Abhá” was adopted during the period of Bahá’u’lláh’s exile in Adrianople.  The repetition of “Alláh-u-Abhá” ninety-five times is to be preceded by the performance of ablutions (see note 34).” Alláh-u-Abhá also appears in the Prayer for the Dead as indicated in Note 11 from the The Kitáb-i-Aqdas,  “The passages that form part of the Prayer for the Dead comprise the repetition of the greeting “Alláh-u-Abhá” (God is the All-Glorious) six times, each followed by nineteen repetitions of one of six specifically revealed verses.”

Bicentenary Meditation Project
12/365 Alláh-u-Abhá Yoga Nidra

Bicentenary Meditation Project

Play Episode Listen Later Jun 9, 2020 14:31


Significance of Repeating The Greatest Name Alláh-u-Abha “`Abdu'l-Bahá teaches how the practice of invocation or repetition of “The Greatest Name” (Alláh-u-Abhá, God is Most Glorious) leads to union with God, illumination and spiritual rebirth. The use of invocation is well developed among the mystics of Islam, the Sufis. The repetition of sacred phrases is called dhikr (promounced zikr, meaning remembrance). This spiritual practice of invocation is praised by `Abdu'l-Bahá. He encourages spiritual seekers to “recite the Greatest Name at every morn, and (to) turn…unto the kingdom of Abhá, until though mayest apprehend the mysteries. Through the invocation fo the Greatest Name, `Abdu'l-Bahá maintains that “the doors of the kingdom of God open, illumination is vouchsafed and divine union results…The use of the Greatest Name, and dependence upon it, causes the soul to strip itself of the husks of morality and to step forth freed, reborn, a new creature.” `Abdu'l-Bahá encourages the use of the sacred phrase Alláh-u-Abhá as a focus for invocation: “The Greatest Name should be found upon the lips in the first awakening moment of early dawn. It should be fed upon by constant use in daily invocation, in trouble, under opposition, and should be the last word breathed when the head rests upon the pillow at night. It is the name of comfort, protection, happiness, illumination, love and unity. “ Pages 57-58 from the Book, Wisdom of the Masters: The Spiritual Teachings of `Abdu'l-Bahá, References 54-56 (The reference in the back of the book is below if you would like further details) “The Greatest Name, Symbol of the Cause”, Baha’i News (Oct 1964), p. 2. Also see Steven Scholl, “The Remembrance of God: An invocation Technique in Sufiism and the Writings of the Bas and Baha’u’llah, “ Baha’i Studies Bulletin (1985). Why say The Greatest Name Alláh-u-Abhá 95 Times? In the book ‘Gate of the Heart’ by Nader Saiedi, he explains that the significance of the number 95 originates from the Persian Bayán, where the Báb states that ninety-five stands for the numerical value of "for God" (lillāh), symbolizing the recognition of the manifestation of God and obedience to his laws, which are inseparable from each other, as confirmed by Bahá'u'lláh in the opening paragraph of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas. The 95 Alláh-u-Abhá Meditation audio is a meditation that includes a chanted repetition of the sacred word Alláh-u-Abhá, which means ‘God the All-Glorious’.  According to Note 33 from the The Kitáb-i-Aqdas,  “It hath been ordained that every believer in God … shall, each day … repeat “Alláh-u-Abhá” ninety-five times. “Alláh-u-Abhá” is an Arabic phrase meaning “God the All-Glorious.” It is a form of the Greatest Name of God (see note 137). In Islám there is a tradition that among the many names of God, one was the greatest; however, the identity of this Greatest Name was hidden. Bahá’u’lláh has confirmed that the Greatest Name is “Bahá.”  The various derivatives of the word “Bahá” are also regarded as the Greatest Name. Shoghi Effendi’s secretary writing on his behalf explains that  “The Greatest Name is the Name of Bahá’u’lláh. “Yá Bahá’u’l-Abhá” is an invocation meaning: “O Thou Glory of Glories!” “Alláh-u-Abhá” is a greeting which means: “God the All-Glorious.” Both refer to Bahá’u’lláh. By Greatest Name is meant that Bahá’u’lláh has appeared in God’s Greatest Name, in other words, that He is the supreme Manifestation of God. “ The greeting “Alláh-u-Abhá” was adopted during the period of Bahá’u’lláh’s exile in Adrianople.  The repetition of “Alláh-u-Abhá” ninety-five times is to be preceded by the performance of ablutions (see note 34).” Alláh-u-Abhá also appears in the Prayer for the Dead as indicated in Note 11 from the The Kitáb-i-Aqdas,  “The passages that form part of the Prayer for the Dead comprise the repetition of the greeting “Alláh-u-Abhá” (God is the All-Glorious) six times, each followed by nineteen repetitions of one of six specifically revealed verses.”

Rush Hour History
Episode 15 - A Series of Unfortunate Events

Rush Hour History

Play Episode Listen Later Nov 7, 2019 86:27


Episode 15 of RHH is going to showcase the empire's hottest new addition to imperial power, the consequences of the total slaughter at Adrianople, why you should never canoe at night with sharp objects, and how a job left undone can many times be as dangerous as a job done incorrectly. Theodosius the Great knows the art of the deal, but will he perfect the art of political maneuvering? Stay tuned to find out.

Bicentenary Meditation Project
8/365 95 Alláh-U-Abhá Meditation by Sarah Hosney

Bicentenary Meditation Project

Play Episode Listen Later Nov 4, 2019 13:56


Significance of Repeating The Greatest Name Alláh-u-Abha “`Abdu'l-Bahá teaches how the practice of invocation or repetition of “The Greatest Name” (Alláh-u-Abhá, God is Most Glorious) leads to union with God, illumination and spiritual rebirth. The use of invocation is well developed among the mystics of Islam, the Sufis. The repetition of sacred phrases is called dhikr (promounced zikr, meaning remembrance). This spiritual practice of invocation is praised by `Abdu'l-Bahá. He encourages spiritual seekers to “recite the Greatest Name at every morn, and (to) turn…unto the kingdom of Abhá, until though mayest apprehend the mysteries. Through the invocation fo the Greatest Name, `Abdu'l-Bahá maintains that “the doors of the kingdom of God open, illumination is vouchsafed and divine union results…The use of the Greatest Name, and dependence upon it, causes the soul to strip itself of the husks of morality and to step forth freed, reborn, a new creature.” `Abdu'l-Bahá encourages the use of the sacred phrase Alláh-u-Abhá as a focus for invocation: “The Greatest Name should be found upon the lips in the first awakening moment of early dawn. It should be fed upon by constant use in daily invocation, in trouble, under opposition, and should be the last word breathed when the head rests upon the pillow at night. It is the name of comfort, protection, happiness, illumination, love and unity. “ Pages 57-58 from the Book, Wisdom of the Masters: The Spiritual Teachings of `Abdu'l-Bahá, References 54-56 (The reference in the back of the book is below if you would like further details) “The Greatest Name, Symbol of the Cause”, Baha’i News (Oct 1964), p. 2. Also see Steven Scholl, “The Remembrance of God: An invocation Technique in Sufiism and the Writings of the Bas and Baha’u’llah, “ Baha’i Studies Bulletin (1985). Why say The Greatest Name Alláh-u-Abhá 95 Times? In the book ‘Gate of the Heart’ by Nader Saiedi, he explains that the significance of the number 95 originates from the Persian Bayán, where the Báb states that ninety-five stands for the numerical value of "for God" (lillāh), symbolizing the recognition of the manifestation of God and obedience to his laws, which are inseparable from each other, as confirmed by Bahá'u'lláh in the opening paragraph of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas. The 95 Alláh-u-Abhá Meditation audio is a meditation that includes a chanted repetition of the sacred word Alláh-u-Abhá, which means ‘God the All-Glorious’.  According to Note 33 from the The Kitáb-i-Aqdas,  “It hath been ordained that every believer in God … shall, each day … repeat “Alláh-u-Abhá” ninety-five times. “Alláh-u-Abhá” is an Arabic phrase meaning “God the All-Glorious.” It is a form of the Greatest Name of God (see note 137). In Islám there is a tradition that among the many names of God, one was the greatest; however, the identity of this Greatest Name was hidden. Bahá’u’lláh has confirmed that the Greatest Name is “Bahá.”  The various derivatives of the word “Bahá” are also regarded as the Greatest Name. Shoghi Effendi’s secretary writing on his behalf explains that  “The Greatest Name is the Name of Bahá’u’lláh. “Yá Bahá’u’l-Abhá” is an invocation meaning: “O Thou Glory of Glories!” “Alláh-u-Abhá” is a greeting which means: “God the All-Glorious.” Both refer to Bahá’u’lláh. By Greatest Name is meant that Bahá’u’lláh has appeared in God’s Greatest Name, in other words, that He is the supreme Manifestation of God. “ The greeting “Alláh-u-Abhá” was adopted during the period of Bahá’u’lláh’s exile in Adrianople.  The repetition of “Alláh-u-Abhá” ninety-five times is to be preceded by the performance of ablutions (see note 34).” Alláh-u-Abhá also appears in the Prayer for the Dead as indicated in Note 11 from the The Kitáb-i-Aqdas,  “The passages that form part of the Prayer for the Dead comprise the repetition of the greeting “Alláh-u-Abhá” (God is the All-Glorious) six times, each followed by nineteen repetitions of one of six specifically revealed verses.”

Bicentenary Meditation Project
1/365 95 Alláh-u-Abhá Meditation

Bicentenary Meditation Project

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 28, 2019 7:02


Significance of Repeating The Greatest Name Alláh-u-Abha “`Abdu'l-Bahá teaches how the practice of invocation or repetition of “The Greatest Name” (Alláh-u-Abhá, God is Most Glorious) leads to union with God, illumination and spiritual rebirth. The use of invocation is well developed among the mystics of Islam, the Sufis. The repetition of sacred phrases is called dhikr (promounced zikr, meaning remembrance). This spiritual practice of invocation is praised by `Abdu'l-Bahá. He encourages spiritual seekers to “recite the Greatest Name at every morn, and (to) turn…unto the kingdom of Abhá, until though mayest apprehend the mysteries. Through the invocation fo the Greatest Name, `Abdu'l-Bahá maintains that “the doors of the kingdom of God open, illumination is vouchsafed and divine union results…The use of the Greatest Name, and dependence upon it, causes the soul to strip itself of the husks of morality and to step forth freed, reborn, a new creature.” `Abdu'l-Bahá encourages the use of the sacred phrase Alláh-u-Abhá as a focus for invocation: “The Greatest Name should be found upon the lips in the first awakening moment of early dawn. It should be fed upon by constant use in daily invocation, in trouble, under opposition, and should be the last word breathed when the head rests upon the pillow at night. It is the name of comfort, protection, happiness, illumination, love and unity. “ Pages 57-58 from the Book, Wisdom of the Masters: The Spiritual Teachings of `Abdu'l-Bahá, References 54-56 (The reference in the back of the book is below if you would like further details) “The Greatest Name, Symbol of the Cause”, Baha’i News (Oct 1964), p. 2. Also see Steven Scholl, “The Remembrance of God: An invocation Technique in Sufiism and the Writings of the Bas and Baha’u’llah, “ Baha’i Studies Bulletin (1985). Why say The Greatest Name Alláh-u-Abhá 95 Times? In the book ‘Gate of the Heart’ by Nader Saiedi, he explains that the significance of the number 95 originates from the Persian Bayán, where the Báb states that ninety-five stands for the numerical value of "for God" (lillāh), symbolizing the recognition of the manifestation of God and obedience to his laws, which are inseparable from each other, as confirmed by Bahá'u'lláh in the opening paragraph of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas. The 95 Alláh-u-Abhá Meditation audio is a meditation that includes a chanted repetition of the sacred word Alláh-u-Abhá, which means ‘God the All-Glorious’.  According to Note 33 from the The Kitáb-i-Aqdas,  “It hath been ordained that every believer in God … shall, each day … repeat “Alláh-u-Abhá” ninety-five times. “Alláh-u-Abhá” is an Arabic phrase meaning “God the All-Glorious.” It is a form of the Greatest Name of God (see note 137). In Islám there is a tradition that among the many names of God, one was the greatest; however, the identity of this Greatest Name was hidden. Bahá’u’lláh has confirmed that the Greatest Name is “Bahá.”  The various derivatives of the word “Bahá” are also regarded as the Greatest Name. Shoghi Effendi’s secretary writing on his behalf explains that  “The Greatest Name is the Name of Bahá’u’lláh. “Yá Bahá’u’l-Abhá” is an invocation meaning: “O Thou Glory of Glories!” “Alláh-u-Abhá” is a greeting which means: “God the All-Glorious.” Both refer to Bahá’u’lláh. By Greatest Name is meant that Bahá’u’lláh has appeared in God’s Greatest Name, in other words, that He is the supreme Manifestation of God. “ The greeting “Alláh-u-Abhá” was adopted during the period of Bahá’u’lláh’s exile in Adrianople.  The repetition of “Alláh-u-Abhá” ninety-five times is to be preceded by the performance of ablutions (see note 34).” Alláh-u-Abhá also appears in the Prayer for the Dead as indicated in Note 11 from the The Kitáb-i-Aqdas,  “The passages that form part of the Prayer for the Dead comprise the repetition of the greeting “Alláh-u-Abhá” (God is the All-Glorious) six times, each followed by nineteen repetitions of one of six specifically revealed verses.”

The History of the Barbarians's Podcast
The Battle of Adrianople Part 4: The Aftermath-Episode 18

The History of the Barbarians's Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 19, 2018 19:33


The aftermath of the Battle of Adrianople. Included in this week's episode are the movements of both the Gothic and Romans after the death of Valens.

The History of the Barbarians's Podcast
The Battle of Adrianople Part 3 The Battle-Episode 17

The History of the Barbarians's Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 3, 2018 18:31


Fritigern and his Goths meet the Emperor of Rome in a battle that will be remembered by history. 

The History of the Barbarians's Podcast
Battle of Adrianople part 2-Episode 16

The History of the Barbarians's Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Nov 19, 2018 18:32


A look at the last decisions that push the Goths and the Romans into the epic Battle of Adrianople in 378 C.E.

The History of the Barbarians's Podcast
Battle of Adrianople part 1-Episode 15

The History of the Barbarians's Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Nov 8, 2018 14:17


We look at the make up of the Gothic and Roman armies prior to the Battle of Adrianople.  

The History of the Barbarians's Podcast
Impending Doom-Episode 14

The History of the Barbarians's Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 24, 2018 20:55


A look at the final maneuverings and key players of the lead up to the Battle of Adrianople. Included is Fritigern's rebellion, Rome's emperors Gratien and Valens, and Greuthungi leaders Aletheus and Saphrax.

The Rhine
57 - After Adrianople

The Rhine

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 13, 2017 31:23


Covering 378-382, we cover the aftermath of the Battle of Adrianople.

The Fall of Rome Podcast
3: The Goths and the Beginning of Rome's End

The Fall of Rome Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Aug 26, 2016 41:55


In the third episode of The Fall of Rome, we explore the Goths' migration into the Roman Empire and their desperate war for survival against the forces of the Empire. This conflict culminated in the Battle of Adrianople, the worst defeat of a Roman army in more than 350 years. How did a rag-tag group of migrants defeat the cream of the army and leave an emperor dead on the battlefield?

Western Civ
Episode 44: A World Changed

Western Civ

Play Episode Listen Later Aug 12, 2016 49:29


In this Episode, we take a step back and chronicle the changing social and political landscape beyond Rome's borders to the North. There, the arrival of the Huns from the Eurasian Steppe has a dramatic domino effect on the people's of Northern and Central Europe which eventually brings a group of Goths to the Danube in 376 seeking asylum. Once the Goths are allowed in things go from bad to worse culminating in the critical Battle of Adrianople in 378 AD. 

Myths and History of Greece and Rome
Chapter Ninety Eight: United for the Last Time

Myths and History of Greece and Rome

Play Episode Listen Later Sep 3, 2015 17:06


The fall-out from Adrianople is severe and long lasting; too much for a teenager. Fortunately Gratian has a plan.

Myths and History of Greece and Rome
Chapter Ninety Seven: Anger and Adrianople

Myths and History of Greece and Rome

Play Episode Listen Later Aug 16, 2015 21:53


Abbritus was bad. This was so so much worse.

Hannibal and the Punic Wars
TheHistoryOf - The Significance of Adrianople

Hannibal and the Punic Wars

Play Episode Listen Later Jul 9, 2015 54:39


In this episode unlike any other, I go more into 'historian mode' than you've ever seen before. I spend 50 minutes trying to answer the question of whether Adrianople was a significant battle.

Biblical Literacy Podcast
CH15 Augustine and Fall of Empire-Part 1

Biblical Literacy Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later May 25, 2015


Church History: Chapter 15– Augustine and the Fall of the Roman Empire This is a study of Augustine and the fall of the Roman Empire but it also serves as a reminder that the Kingdom of God is the only enduring kingdom. As the Empire fell the Christian church was affected tremendously. Augustine was born in 354 A.D. in Northern Africa. Most of his early years he claimed to be a Christian, but he was part of a cult. But after his conversion in 387 (by St. Ambrose, no less), he became one of the most influential Christians of that time. In that same time period the Roman Empire was crumbling and was sacked in 410 A.D. by the Goth’s who were invading from the North because Attila from the East was displacing them. Augustine wrote strongly in defense of the Christian influence on society and how the Church strengthened the Empire. Key Words Kingdom, basileia, philosophy, Saint Augustine, Confessions, Thagaste, Souk Ahras, Algeria, Carthage, Adeodatus, rhetoric, Constantine, Cicero, “Manichees”, Monica, Rome, Milan, St. Ambrose, Simplicianus, Ponticianus, Edward Gibbon, “The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire”, earthquake, Germanic Lands, “Goths”, “Visigoths”, “Ostrogoths”, Attila, Adrianople, Edirne, Turkey, Theodosius, Arian,

A History of Europe, Key Battles
07.1 Goths Invade Roman Empire, Battle of Adrianople 378AD

A History of Europe, Key Battles

Play Episode Listen Later May 4, 2014 21:44


The western Roman Empire was about to fall. But in 451 AD her soldiers had one last great victory on the battlefield, At the Battle of the Catalaunian Fields the destructive armies of Attila and the Huns were kept at bay and prevented from overrunning Western Europe See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

History Books Review
Aftermath of Adrianople Gibbon's Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire Chapter 26 Part 4

History Books Review

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 4, 2012 11:14


With the emperor dead and two thirds of his army destroyed Adrianople was one of the major setbacks in Roman history.  In fact it has often been regarded as one of the decisive battles in the decline and fall of the Roman empire. It was certainly regarded as extremely serious by the people at the time.  Accounts of the battle and its aftermath take on apocalyptic tones, almost literally so in the case of Saint Jerome.  Jerome is recognised as one of the founding fathers of both the Catholic and Orthodox churches.  His writing on the issue comes with a rather biblical tone.  He describes the entire area of the Balkans being depopulated, not just human beings but animals as well and even the fish in the rivers leaving nothing between the Earth and the sky but barren wasteland.  Serious and harrowing stuff indeed.

The History of Rome
153- Adrianople

The History of Rome

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 2, 2011 23:56


Operating with faulty intelligence and desperate to defeat the Goths on his own, Valens forced the disasterous Battle of Adrianople in August 378.

The History of the Christian Church
38-Barbarians at the Gates . . . and Everywhere Else

The History of the Christian Church

Play Episode Listen Later Jan 1, 1970


The title of this episode is “Barbarians at the Gates – and Everywhere Else”I live on the coast of Southern California in one of the most beautiful places on the planet – Ventura County. The weather is temperate all year round with an average temperature of 70 degrees. The beaches are pristine and most of the time, uncrowded. The County has several prime surf spots. But every so often, usually during the Winter, storms throw up huge waves that trash the shore. Some of these storms are local and wash down huge piles of debris from the hills that then wash up on the beach. Others are far to the south, off the coast of Mexico but they roll up waves that travel North and erode tons of sand, altering the shoreline.In the 5th and 6th Centuries, waves of barbarian invasion from the North and East swept across Europe to alter the political and cultural landscape and prime Europe for the Middle Ages.When Bishop Augustine of Hippo died in 430, the Vandals were laying siege to the city. While the Council of Chalcedon was meeting in 451, Pope Leo negotiated with the Huns to leave Rome unmolested.European history of the 5th and 6th Cs was dominated by the movement of mostly Germanic peoples into the territory of the old Roman Empire. The subsequent displacement and population shifting had a major impact on Christianity in the West. Medieval civilization was a result of this barbarian upheaval coupled with the vestiges of late Roman society and the impact Augustine had on the theology and practice of the Church.The incursion of Germanic tribes into the Roman Empire was just the first of 4 massive waves of migration.The Germans came in the 5th C. The Vars and Slavs swept into the Balkans in the 6th. The Muslims in 7th. And the Vikings in the 8th to 10th Cs.The resulting societal changes created by these invasive migrations had a monumental effect on the Church. We'll take a look now at just the first of these population shifts - the Germanic invasions.The 5th C saw the climax of what was really a long process of mostly controlled immigration by the Germans. They settled land at the Empire's frontier and served in the military. In truth, while the Romans referred to the Germans as barbarians, they often preserved the Empire by filling gaps in the declining population of Roman lands and by manning the legions. It was the Perfect Storm that saw things figuratively go south for Rome. Factors combining to generate this Perfect Storm were à1) The Germans were pressed by invaders out of central Asia,2) Key treaties between the Romans and Germans were broken,3) The warm weather that had seen a population boom in Northern Europe was followed by bitter cold so that the Germans were forced to move South in search of lands to sustain their larger numbers. It didn't help Rome that the Germans now knew Roman military tactics and bore Roman arms.Note to Self: If you don't want your neighbor to take over your house, don't give him the keys and alarm code.Certain dates in the first half of the 5th C are important àIn 410, Alaric, leader of the Western Goths, or Visi-goths, sacked the city of Rome. This was an understandably traumatic event for the Western Empire. His successor, Ataulf, married the Emperor Honorius' sister.In 430, Augustine, attempted to explain Rome's Fall to the Visigoths in his classic work The City of God. He died the year before the Council of Ephesus and the fall of his city, Hippo in N Africa to the Vandals.In 451, Attila and the Huns from central Asia, swept thru Western Europe, then were defeated by an alliance of Romans and Germans led by Aëtius.In 455, Aëtius and Emperor Valentinian III were assassinated, and the Vandals under Gaiseric again sacked Rome.The first contact the Romans had with the Goths came during the reign of the Emperor Decius. During Constantine's reign they became allies and often entered the Legions at elevated ranks. The Visigoths were being pressured from the East by the Huns, and in 376 sought refuge on the Roman side of the Danube. The emperor Valens granted their request, and there began a mass conversion of the Goths to Arianism. Due to mistreatment by Roman governors, they revolted in 378 and killed the Emperor Valens in the famous Battle of Adrianople.   Thus began the real Germanic invasions of the Empire. By 419 The Visigoths had subdued Southern Gaul and all of Spain.As we've noted in previous episodes, when the Goths invaded the Western Empire in the 5th C, for the most part, they came, not as pillaging pagans but as Arian Christians. A Goth Bishop named Theophilus had attended the Council at Nicaea in 325.The missionary who carried the Gospel to the Goths was Ulfilas in the mid to late 4th C. Ulfilas had amazing success in seeing the Germans won to faith for 2 reasons . . .1) Their native religion was in decline. Simply put, their gods seemed rather old and shabby.2) The many German tribes shared a common language.Realizing translating the Bible into German was a key to successful evangelism, Ulfilas spent considerable time on the project before his death. He left the books of Samuel and Kings out of his translation because he figured the Goths à Well, they already knew enough about warfare.In 406 when Rome recalled the Legions from the Rhine to protect Italy, another Germanic tribe called the Vandals poured into Gaul, then SW into Spain, and eventually jumped the Strait of Gibraltar to harass North Africa. Their King Gaiseric led them to Carthage which he conquered in 439 and made the capital of an Arian Vandal kingdom. Gaiseric was intolerant of other forms of the faith. In 455 he sent ships across the Mediterranean to sack Rome.At first, the Donatists in North Africa rejoiced at the coming of the Vandals. Remember they'd been labeled heretics by Rome. But it didn't take long for them to realize that the enemy of my enemy isn't always my friend. The Vandals were not friendly. So in 484, a Donatist-Catholic synod met to try and patch up their theological differences.Catholics were persecuted under some of the Vandal kings in the late 5th and early 6th Cs. It was this persecution that gave the Vandals a bad name far more than any actual acts of “vandalism.” Really, the Vandals were no more barbaric than other Germans.Justinian's famous general, Belisarius, repulsed the Vandals and reoccupied North Africa for the Byzantine Empire in 534.The Visigoths and Vandals were followed up by Suevians, the Burgundians, and the Franks.The Franks were the least mobile of the Germanic tribes. They settled in northern France and expanded their rule from there. They joined several other German tribes along with the Romans to stave off the common threat of the Huns in 451.Of all the German tribes, the Franks were the least inclined to heed the work of Christian missions. They seemed immune to conversion until their king Clovis in the mid 5th C.Clovis's conversion to the Faith was a significant moment in the history of Europe. Since the Vandals, Goths and Burgundians were Arian, it seemed likely Arianism would take over the West. Alone of the Germanic kingdoms, the Franks under Clovis embraced what we call Catholic or Nicean Christianity, the majority faith of his European subjects.In 492, Bishop Avitus of Vienna arranged the marriage of a Burgundian princess named Clotilda to Clovis. Clotilda was a committed Christian of Nicean-flavor. The Royal couple had a son, who was baptized but died while still in his baptismal robes. Clovis, who at that point was still a pagan, loudly declared his gods would not allow such a thing to happen. Later they had another son. This one thrived.Then, in battle with the Alemanni and things not going in his favor, the desperate Clovis asked for the aid of the Christian God. The battle turned in his favor. When the Alemanni were defeated, Clovis submitted to baptism. Bishop Remigius of Rheims performed the rite on Christmas day in 496.The source for all this is a work by Gregory of Tours titled History of the Franks. This book gave the Franks their identity and shaped their understanding of the future they were to have in forging European history.Following his baptism, Clovis was anointed in his role as monarch. This anointing of the king by a bishop became a custom among the Franks. The resulting aura of sacred Christian kingship seemed to justify Frankish control of the Church. Sadly, Clovis's character remained little changed by his official acceptance of Christianity. It seems he adopted the religion as a matter of political expediency, but he didn't receive the Gospel.In 493, Odoacer, the German general who'd forced the abdication of the last Western Roman Emperor a little less than 20 years before, was killed by the Eastern or Ostro-goth king Theodoric. Next to Clovis, Theodoric was the most important ruler of the barbarian kingdoms. Theodoric made Ravenna in Italy his capital. He was an Arian who adopted Byzantine culture. Though he was personally tolerant, his Nicean-Catholic subjects weren't so much. His rule saw the last flowering of late Roman culture in the West. The Ostrogothic kingdom continued until 553, when the Eastern general Belisarius retook much of Italy for the Byzantine Empire.The cultural revival that occurred during the first half of the 6th C  has been called the “Indian Summer of Christian Antiquity.” This period saw a number of influential persons who laid the foundation of Early Medieval society.Boethius was a from a leading Roman family who became a philosopher and statesman in the court of Theodoric. Although loyal, Boethius came under suspicion and Theodoric had him imprisoned and executed. While in prison, Boethius wrote his most famous work, The Consolation of Philosophy. This work is important because it marks the transition from the Church Fathers or what's called Patristics to the Scholastics, who we'll talk more about later.  Through his translations, Boethius handed to the Middle Ages, the ethics and logic of Aristotle. The Scholastics regarded Boethius as the greatest authority in philosophy after Aristotle.Dionysius Exiguus was a Central Asian who came to Rome toward the end of the 5th C. He collected and translated the canons of the Eastern Church into Latin. He also collected the canons and papal decrees of the Western church. His work bore tremendous ecclesiastical authority.But Dionysius had a much wider significance in that he introduced a system of dating based on the Christian era, beginning with the incarnation of Christ. He's the one who came up with the whole BC and AD markers to divide time. Until that time, the secular method of charting the date was determined by the rule of the consuls of Rome and the Empire of Diocletian. Unfortunately, Dionysius miscalculated the date of Jesus' birth, so that according to contemporary reckoning Jesus was born at least 4 BC.This is also the time of Gregory the Great, who'll we'll devote an entire episode to soon.Last in the chronicle we'll include in the list of barbarians invasions is the Lombards. In 568 this Germanic tribe broke through the northern bounds of Justinian's Empire and entered Italy. Gregory the Great turned them back in 593 and secured peace by dividing Italy between Lombard and Imperial land. The Lombards were a factious lot and ruled from 3 centers: The kingdom at Pavia in the north threatened the imperial capital at Ravenna; the duchies of Spoleto and Benevento in central Italy were a danger to Rome and Naples. The Lombards were Arian. Their acceptance of Catholic Christianity did not come until the 7th C.As we wrap up this episode, let's take a look at the effect of the Barbarian Invasions.Augustine wasn't the only one who attempted a literary response to the Germanic invasions. While the sack of Rome in 410 seemed to many the end of the ages, Orosius,  wrote 7 volumes against the Pagans to show that the pre-Christian world suffered no less than the present. The work became a kind of manual for understanding history in the Middle Ages. Orosius gave a central place to the Roman Empire in God's plan. His history placed on the Western mind the idea of the divine role of Roman civilization. Jerome had already interpreted the 4th kingdom of the book of Daniel as Rome and concluded that it was to continue as long as the Church did. Orosius promoted the view that both the Hebrews and Romans played an important part in the salvation of the world.Salvian's work titled On the Divine Government in 440 promoted the historical significance of the Germans. He exaggerated their good characteristics as set over against Roman corruption. He said God used the Germans as the sword of judgment on wicked Rome.Three attitudes prevailed in Europe regarding the barbarian invasions àAugustine held that ultimately, political success or failure make no difference. His focus was on the world to come. In contrast, Orosius said Christianity was the guarantor of the Empire's prosperity. Salvian claimed the Empire was punished for its sins.But an interesting thing happened once the German invaders settled down in the old Roman lands. By and large, they shed either their Arian-flavored faith for Nicean-Catholic Christianity and they adopted the Roman culture – or at least, what was left of it. Over a couple generations they came to identify themselves as Romans rather than as Goths, Franks, Burgundians and Lombards.But even with these adaptations to Roman culture, the old Roman and the new Germanic peoples were divided by language. The Romans spoke Latin, the Germans Goth. Customs of food and dress carried on in many places with the Latins wearing togas while the Germans wore trousers.  Their legal systems differed and laws were applied to the different classes in the same kingdom. It took centuries for the 2 peoples to blend and become the nations of modern Europe. Greco-Roman civilization was based on cities. The Germanic invasions brought a decline to cities. A rural economy developed in the West, accelerating the move to what we've come to associate so centrally with the Middle  Ages - Feudalism. While in the East, cities remained the main fixture of the social organization, in the West, landed estates rose to prominence. Rulers relied on their own lands, so there was a decentralization of government.With a decline in centralized government in the West, the Church took over many of the services once provided by the State, like education. Churches and monasteries were bound to the agricultural economy of the West and profited by a close relationship with local rulers. But one thing that saw the importance and influence of the Church grow substantially at this time was the fracturing that occurred in the political realm. When Western Europe was divided up into hundreds of smaller regions, each with its own ruler, the universal authority of the Church under Rome and the regional bishops provided a continuity that was desperately needed. No secular authority in the West was able to control the Church as an organ of state to the same extent as the Eastern emperors. So in the West, rather than kings ruling in Church affairs, it was the Church that increasingly played an role in political affairs.Once again I want to say thanks to all those who've gone to the CS FB  page and given us a like. The comments have been a blessing.I especially want to say thanks to those who've given the podcast a good review on iTunes. iTunes is the main portal for the podcast and positive reviews go a LONG way in helping promote the podcast.I don't often mention it, but need to occasionally If you'd like to make a donation to keep Communio Sanctorum online, you can use the donate feature on the website. Sanctorum.us podcast on iTunes.

The History of the Christian Church

The title of this episode is simply à “Ambrose.” And once we learn a little about him, we'll see that title is enough.For Ambrose was one of the most interesting figures in Church History, a hinge around which the course of the Faith swung.Born in 340, Ambrose was the second son of Ambrosius, the imperial governor of Gaul and part of an ancient Roman family that included the famous Marcus Aurelius. Not long after Aurelius, and his disastrous son and heir Commodus, the family became Christians who provided not a few notable martyrs. Ambrose was born at Trier, the imperial capital of Gaul. While still a child, Ambrose's father died, and he was taken to Rome to be raised. His childhood was spent in the company of many members of the Christian clergy, men of sincere faith with a solid grasp on the theological challenges the Church of that day wrestled with; things you're familiar with because we've spent the last several episodes dealing with them; that is, the Christological controversies that swirled first around Arius, then the blood-feud between Cyril & Nestorius.Now would be a good time for me to toss in some place-markers so we can get a sense of what was going on as Ambrose grew up. Donatus is the bishop of Carthage. The Cappadocian Fathers, Basil, and the 2 Gregory's are hammering out the proper verbiage to understand the Trinity. Athanasius has his long run as THE chief defender or Biblical orthodoxy. When Ambrose was 16, the famous Desert Father Anthony of Egypt died. The Goths ran rampant over Northern Europe, causing great consternation in the Roman Empire. When Ambrose was 38 the Goths defeated the Romans at the Battle of Adrianople in a loss so thorough, the Emperor Valens was killed.During Ambrose's lifetime, Pope Damasus will rule the Church at Rome. Jerome will move to Bethlehem and complete the Vulgate. John Chrysostom will serve as Patriarch at Constantinople.Clearly, a lot with major import was going on during Ambrose's lifetime.When he turned 30, Ambrose, based in the capital at Milan, became governor of all NW'n Italy. He was charged with the responsibility to officiate church disputes.  This was at a time when Nicaean & Arian believers were at war with each other; a war not fought with literal weapons but with words. Ambrose was no friend to the Arians, but he was so fair-minded and well-regarded, both sides supported him in his role as governor. When the Arian bishop of Milan died, Ambrose attended the meeting to elect his replacement, hoping his presence would forestall violence. To his surprise, both sides shouted their wish that he be the replacement.Ambrose didn't want it. He was doing quite well as a political leader. Following the practice of many at that time, he hadn't even been baptized yet. But the people wrote to Emperor Valentinian, asking for his approval of their selection. Ambrose was placed under arrest until he agreed to serve a Milan's new bishop.Now, if the Arians had hoped to gain favor by supporting Ambrose as bishop, they were destined to disappointment. Their new bishop helped define what the word ‘orthodox' meant. He soon took the Arians to task & refused to surrender a building for them to meet in. He wrote several works against them that went on to prove instrumental in ultimately bringing an end to Arianism.Trained in rhetoric and law, and having studied Greek, Ambrose became known for his knowledge of Greek scholars, both Christian and pagan. In addition to Philo, Origen, and Basil of Caesarea, he quoted the Neo-platonist Plotinus in his sermons. He was widely regarded as an excellent preacher.In many of his messages, Ambrose expounded upon the virtues of asceticism. He was so persuasive that noble families sometimes forbade their daughters to attend his services, fearing they'd trade their marriageable status withy its potential for a bride price, for the life of nun.One piece of his pastoral advice became a maxim for the clergy: “When you are at Rome, live in the Roman style; when you are elsewhere, live as they live elsewhere.”Ambrose also introduced congregational singing, and was accused of “bewitching” Milan by introducing Eastern melodies into the hymns he wrote. Because of his influence, hymn-singing became an important part of Western liturgy.While Ambrose was a fierce opponent of heresy, as seen in his stand against Arianism, his opposition to religious issues didn't morph over into how people were treated civilly. Arians & pagans were still citizens who possessed rights as citizens. As human beings, they were still objects of God's love and desire for salvation. Respect needed to be shown them, even while opposing them theologically. That was a rare perspective for the time; inordinately rare. And it earned Ambrose tremendous respect from all quarters.While the people of Ambrose's time credited his writings and worship innovations as the most notable feature of his life & ministry, history attributes two other momentous events to his impact on the Church.First is in the realm of church-state relations. Second would be his influence on a young pagan who visited his church and became a follower of Jesus. His name was Augustine.Let's consider first, Ambrose's impact of church-state relations.His relationship with Emperor Theodosius, who finalized a long-running political trend of folding the Roman Empire into a Christian state, was a dramatic shift from the first 200 years of Church history that saw an on & off persecution.An example of the change from paganism to Christianity occurred in 390, when local officials imprisoned a charioteer of Thessalonica for homosexual behavior. The public rebelled against this action because the charioteer was a major celebrity, a sports hero & crowd favorite. Riots broke out w/a loud cry for his release. Not a few of the rioters and innocent bystanders were killed, including the governor. The mob took over the prison and the prisoner was freed.The Emperor was enraged by the melee. He was determined to exact revenge against the people of Thessalonica for such a flagrant disregard for the law and the disrespect he felt at having his hand-picked governor so casually relieved of life. So he slyly announced another chariot race. When the crowds showed up & settled into their seats, the gates were locked, the people inside—massacred. Over the following 3 hours, 7,000 were put to the sword.Ambrose was stunned! Once he recovered from his shock, he sat down and composed a letter to Theodosius, demanding the Emperor repent. As chief ruler, Theodosius wasn't inclined to follow some far-off bishop's counsel. Ambrose was merely a clergyman in Milan, Italy; Theodosius was the mighty ruler headquartered in the East at Constantinople.But Theodosius didn't stay in Constantinople. Wouldn't you just know it? Imperial business took him, guess where! Yep – Milan. As a Christian Emperor of a now Christian Empire, Theodosius went to church, and expected Pastor Ambrose to serve him Communion. Ambrose refused! His letter calling for the Emperor to repent had gone unheeded. Who did this guy think he was that he could just waltz into the church in Milan and line up for Communion as though everything was hunky-dory? The nerve of the guy!Ambrose repeated the condition: Unless the emperor repent of his gross abuse of power, & do so publicly, no Communion would pass his lips! Either Ambrose was gutsy or had a death wish! An Emperor who'd ordered the execution of thousands probably wouldn't think much of offing a lone, obstinate bishop. But Ambrose demonstrated he would not compromise his calling to save his life and Theodosius realized his best course was to do as instructed and repented by setting aside his royal garments & emblems of State, wearing humble sackcloth, & a face streaked w/ash as a sign of penance.Ambrose never intended this humiliation of the Emperor as a way to elevate himself or other church officials. It was simply something he believed Theodosius, who claimed to be a Christian, was required to do as a sign of sincere contrition before God. Ambrose would have been appalled at how later bishops used their office & power to administer the sacraments as a way to manipulate civil rulers, and by doing so, use civil power to accomplish church ends. Or we should say, their own ends hidden ‘neath a thin veneer of religion.Though Ambrose could not have foreseen the consequences of this episode with the Emperor, it introduced the medieval concept of a Christian emperor as the compliant “son of the church serving under orders from Christ.” Over the next millennium, secular and religious rulers vied with each other over who was sovereign in the different spheres of life.Though we might expect Emperor Theodosius to leave Milan with an axe to grind as it related to Ambrose, legend says he was so impressed with Ambrose's courage & quality of Christian witness he said, “I know no bishop worthy of the name, except Ambrose” When the emperor died, it was in Ambrose's arms. Of Theodosius' death Ambrose said, “I confess I loved him, and felt the sorrow of his death in the abyss of my heart.”Two years later, Ambrose himself fell ill. The worries the entire Italian countryside felt were expressed by one writer as; “When Ambrose dies, we shall see the ruin of Italy.” On the Eve of Easter in 397, Milan's beloved bishop breathed his last.Only one name is more associated with Ambrose than Theodosius'. And that leads us to the second impact of his ministry, the one historians reckon as most important. That one name is the student who outshined this teacher: Augustine. But that's the subject of our next few episode . . .

La Historia de la Iglesia Cristiana
38-Bárbaros a las puertas

La Historia de la Iglesia Cristiana

Play Episode Listen Later Jan 1, 1970


El título de este episodio es "Bárbaros a las puertas – y en todas partes"Vivo en la costa del sur de California en uno de los lugares más bellos del planeta: el condado de Ventura. El clima es templado durante todo el año con una temperatura media de 70 grados. Las playas son prístinas y la mayoría de las veces, despobladas. El condado tiene varios lugares de surf de primera. Pero de vez en cuando, por lo general durante el invierno, las tormentas lanzan enormes olas que destrozan la playa. Algunas de estas tormentas son locales y lavan enormes montones de escombros de las colinas que luego se terminan en la playa. Otros están lejos hacia el sur, frente a la costa de México, pero vienen olas que viajan hacia el norte y erosionan toneladas de arena, alterando la costa.En el 5º y 6º siglo, oleadas de invasiones bárbaras del Norte y del Este arrasaron a Europa para alterar el paisaje político y cultural y impulsaron a la Europa hacia la Edad Media.Cuando el Obispo Agustín de Hipona murió en el año 430, los Vándalos asediaban su ciudad. Mientras que el Concilio de Calcedonia se reunía en el año 451, el Papa Leo estaba negociando con los Hunos para dejar a Roma sin ser molestada.La historia Europea del 5º y 6º siglo fue dominada por el movimiento de los pueblos principalmente Germánicos en el territorio del antiguo Imperio Romano. El desplazamiento que se dio por esto y el cambio de población tuvieron un gran impacto en el Cristianismo en Occidente. La civilización Medieval fue el resultado de esta agitación bárbara junto con los vestigios finales de la sociedad Romana y el impacto que Agustín tuvo en la teología y la práctica de la Iglesia.La incursión de tribus Germánicas en el Imperio Romano fue sólo la primera de 4 oleadas masivas de migración.Los Alemanes llegaron en el 5º siglo. Los Vars y Eslavos entraron en los Balcanes en el 6º siglo. Los Musulmanes en el 7º siglos. Y los Vikingos en el 8º al 10º siglo.Los cambios sociales resultantes creados por estas migraciones invasivas tuvieron un efecto monumental en la Iglesia. Vamos a echar un vistazo ahora a sólo el primero de estos cambios de población - las invasiones Germánicas.El 5º siglo vio el clímax de lo que era realmente un largo proceso de inmigración controlada en su mayoría por los Alemanes. Ellos se establecieron en tierras en las frontera del Imperio y sirvieron en el ejército. En verdad, mientras que los Romanos se referían a los Alemanes como bárbaros, a menudo preservaban el Imperio llenando huecos en la población en declive de las tierras Romanas y llenando las legiones. Fue la Tormenta Perfecta la que vio que las cosas en un sentido figurado se cayeran para Roma. Los factores que se combinaron para generar esta Tormenta Perfecta fueron à1) Los Alemanes fueron presionados por invasores saliendo de Asia central,2) Los tratados claves entre los Romanos y los Alemanes se rompieron,3) El clima cálido que había visto un auge demográfico en el norte de Europa fue seguido por un frío amargo por el cual los Alemanes se vieran obligados a moverse hacia el sur en busca de tierras para sostener su población numerosa. No ayudó a Roma que los Alemanes conocían ahora las tácticas militares Romanas y llevaban armas Romanas.Nota para uno mismo: Si no quieres que tu vecino se haga cargo de tu casa, no le des las llaves y el código de alarma.Ciertas fechas en la primera mitad del 5º siglo son importantes àEn el año 410, Alarico, líder de los Godos Occidentales, o Visigodos, saqueó la ciudad de Roma. Este fue un evento comprensiblemente traumático para el Imperio Occidental. Su sucesor, Ataulf, se casó con la hermana del Emperador Honorio.En el año 430, Agustín, intentó explicar la caída de Roma por los Visigodos en su obra clásica La Ciudad de Dios. Murió el año antes del Concilio de Éfeso y la caída de su ciudad, Hipona en Norte de África a los Vándalos.En el año 451, Atila y los Hunos de Asia central, arrasaron por Europa Occidental, y luego fueron derrotados por una alianza de Romanos y Alemanes liderada por Atius.En el año 455, Atius y el Emperador Valentiniano III fueron asesinados, y los Vándalos bajo Gaiseric otra vez volvieron a saquear Roma.El primer contacto que los Romanos tuvieron con los Godos llegó durante el reinado del Emperador Decio. Durante el reinado de Constantino se convirtieron en aliados y a menudo entraron en las legiones en rangos elevados. Los Visigodos estaban siendo presionados desde el Oriente por los Hunos, y en el año 376 buscaron refugio en el lado Romano del Danubio. El Emperador Valens concedió su petición, y allí comenzó una conversión masiva de los Godos al Arrianismo. Debido al maltrato por los gobernadores Romanos, se rebelaron en el año 378 y mataron al Emperador Valens en la famosa Batalla de Adrianople. Así comenzó las verdadera invasión Germánicas del Imperio. En el año 419 los Visigodos habían sometido al sur de Galia y a toda España.Como hemos señalado en episodios anteriores, cuando los Godos invadieron el Imperio Occidental en el 5º siglo, en su mayor parte, vinieron, no como paganos saqueando, sino como cristianos Arrianos. Un obispo Godo llamado Teófilo había asistido al Concilio de Nicea en el año 325.El misionero que llevó el Evangelio a los Godos fue Ulfilas a mediados o finales del 4º siglo. Ulfilas tuvo un éxito increíble de ver a los Alemanes ganados a la fe por 2 razones...1) Su religión natal estaba en declive. En pocas palabras, sus dioses parecían bastante viejos y en mal estado.2) Las muchas tribus Alemanas compartían una lengua común.Al darse cuenta de que traducir la Biblia al Alemán era una clave para el éxito del evangelismo, Ulfilas pasó un tiempo considerable en el proyecto antes de su muerte. Dejó los libros de Samuel y Reyes fuera de su traducción porque pensó que los Godos à Bueno, ya sabían lo suficiente sobre la guerra.En el año 406, cuando Roma trajo a las legiones del Rin para proteger a Italia, otra tribu Germánica llamada los Vándalos entro en Galia, y luego a España, y finalmente saltó el estrecho de Gibraltar para acosar el norte de África. Su rey Gaiseric los llevó a Cartago, la cual conquistó en el año 439 y la hizo la capital de su reino Vándalo Arriano. Gaiseric era intolerante a otras formas de la fe. En el año 455 envió barcos a través del Mediterráneo para saquear Roma.Al principio, los Donatistas en el norte de África se regocijaron por la llegada de los Vándalos. Recuerda que Roma los veía como herejes. Pero no paso mucho tiempo para que se dieran cuenta de que el enemigo de mi enemigo no siempre es mi amigo. Los Vándalos no eran amistosos. Así que en el año 484, un sínodo Donatista-Católico se reunió para tratar de arreglar sus diferencias teológicas.Los Católicos fueron perseguidos bajo algunos de los reyes Vándalos a finales del 5º  y a principios del 6º siglo. Fue esta persecución la que dio a los Vándalos un mal nombre mucho más que cualquier acto real de "vandalismo". En realidad, los vándalos no eran más bárbaros que los otros Alemanes.El famoso general de Justiniano, Belisario, repulso a los Vándalos y volvió a ocupar el Norte de África para el Imperio Bizantino en el año 534.Los Visigodos y Vándalos fueron seguidos por Suevianos, los Borgoñeses y los Francos.Los Francos eran los menos móviles de las tribus Germánicas. Se establecieron en el norte de Francia y ampliaron su gobierno desde allí. Se unieron a varias otras tribus Alemanas junto con los Romanos para evitar la amenaza común de los Hunos en el año 451.De todas las tribus Alemanas, los Francos eran los menos inclinados a escuchar el mensaje de las misiones Cristianas. Parecían inmunes a la conversión hasta la conversión de su rey Clodoveo a mediados del 5º siglo.La conversión de Clodoveo a la Fe fue un momento significativo en la historia de Europa. Dado que los Vándalos, los Godos y los Borgoñones eran Arrianos, parecía probable que el Arrianismo se apoderara del Occidente. De todos los reinos Germánicos, solo los Francos bajo Clodoveo abrazaron lo que llamamos el Cristianismo Católico o según el consejo de Nicea, la fe mayormente de sus súbditos Europeos.En el año 492, el Obispo Avitus de Viena organizó el matrimonio de una princesa Borgoña llamada Clotilde con Clodoveo. Clotilde era una cristiana comprometida de sabor a Nicea. La pareja real tuvo un hijo, que fue bautizado, pero murió mientras aún estaba en sus túnicas bautismales. Clodoveo, que en ese momento todavía era un pagano, declaró en voz alta que sus dioses no permitirían que tal cosa sucediera. Más tarde tuvieron otro hijo. Este prosperó.Entonces, en la batalla con los Alemanni y cuando las cosas no iban a su favor, el desesperado Clodoveo pidió ayuda del Dios Cristiano. La batalla se volvió a su favor. Cuando los Alemanni fueron derrotados, Clodoveo se sometió al bautismo. El Obispo Remigius de Rheims realizó el rito el día de Navidad en el año 496.La fuente de toda esta historia es una obra de Gregorio de Tours titulada Historia de los Francos. Este libro dio a los Francos su identidad y moldeó su comprensión del futuro que tendrían en forjar la historia Europea.Después de su bautismo, Clodoveo fue ungido en su rol de monarca. Esta unción del rey por un obispo se convirtió en una costumbre entre los Francos. El aura resultante de la sagrada realeza Cristiana parecía justificar el control Franco de la Iglesia. Lamentablemente, el carácter de Clodoveo siguió siendo poco cambiado por su aceptación oficial del Cristianismo. Parece que adoptó la religión como una cuestión de conveniencia política, pero no recibió al Evangelio.En el año 493, Odoacer, el general Alemán que había forzado la abdicación del último Emperador Romano Occidental un poco menos de 20 años antes, fue asesinado por el Rey Ostrogodo del este Teodoro. Junto con Clodoveo, Teodoro era el gobernante más importante de los reinos bárbaros. Teodoro hizo de Rávena en Italia su capital. Fue un Arriano que adoptó la cultura Bizantina. Aunque el era personalmente tolerante, sus súbditos católicos de Nicea, no lo eran. Su gobierno vio el último florecimiento de la cultura Romana en Occidente. El reino Ostrogodo continuó hasta el año 553, cuando el general Oriental Belisario retomó gran parte de Italia para el Imperio Bizantino.El renacimiento cultural que ocurrió durante la primera mitad del 6º siglo ha sido llamado el "Verano Indio de la Antigüedad Cristiana". En este período se establecieron varias personas influyentes que sentaron las bases de la sociedad Medieval Temprana.Beocio era de una familia destacada Romana que se convirtió en filósofo y estadista en la corte de Teodoro. Aunque leal, Beocio quedó bajo sospecha y Teodoro lo encarceló y ejecutó. Mientras que estaba en prisión, Beocio escribió su obra más famosa, La Consolación de la Filosofía. Esta obra es importante porque marca la transición de los Padres de la Iglesia o lo que se llama Patricitas a los Escolásticos, de quienes hablaremos más adelante. A través de sus traducciones, Beocio entregó a la Edad Media, la ética y la lógica de Aristóteles. Los Escolásticos consideraban a Beocio como la mayor autoridad en filosofía después de Aristóteles.Dionisio Exiguos fue un Asiático Centro que llegó a Roma hacia finales del 5º siglo. Recolecto y tradujo el canon de la Iglesia Oriental al Latín. También colecciono el canon y los decretos papales de la iglesia Occidental. Su obra tuvo una enorme autoridad eclesiástica.Pero Dionisio tuvo un significado mucho más impactante en el contexto de que el introdujo un sistema de datación basado en la era Cristiana, comenzando con la encarnación de Cristo. Es el que creó todos los marcadores de a.C. y d.C. para dividir el tiempo. Hasta ese momento, el método secular de trazar la fecha estaba determinado por el gobierno de los cónsules de Roma y el Imperio de Diocleciano. Desafortunadamente, Dionisio calculó mal la fecha del nacimiento de Jesús, de modo que según el cálculo contemporáneo Jesús nació al menos en el 4º año A.C.Este es también el tiempo de Gregorio Magno, a quien dedicaremos un episodio entero muy pronto.El último en la crónica que incluiremos en la lista de las primeras invasiones bárbaras son los Lombardos. En el año 568 esta tribu Germánica rompió los límites establecidos por el Imperio de Justiniano y entraron a Italia. Gregorio Magno les dio la vuelta en el año 593 y aseguró la paz dividiendo Italia entre tierras Lombardas e Imperiales. Los Lombardos eran un lote polémico y gobernaban desde 3 centros: el reino de Pavía, en el Norte, amenazaba a la capital Imperial de Rávena; los ducados de Spoleto y Benevento en el centro de Italia eran un peligro para Roma y Nápoles. Los Lombardos eran Arrianos. Su aceptación del cristianismo Católico no llegó hasta el 7º siglo.Mientras terminamos este episodio, echemos un vistazo al efecto de las Invasiones Bárbaras.Agustín no fue el único que intentó una respuesta literaria a las invasiones Germánicas. Mientras que el saqueo de Roma en el año 410 parecía para muchos el fin de los tiempos, Orosio, escribió 7 volúmenes en contra de los paganos para mostrar que el mundo precristiano no sufrió nada menos que el presente. La obra se convirtió en una especie de manual para entender la historia en la Edad Media. Orosio dio un lugar central al Imperio Romano en el plan de Dios. Su historia colocó en la mente occidental la idea del rol divino de la civilización Romana. Jerónimo ya había interpretado el 4º  reino del libro de Daniel como Roma y llegó a la conclusión de que debía continuar mientras la Iglesia lo hiciera. Orosio promovió esta opinión de que tanto los Hebreos como los Romanos jugaron un rol importante en la salvación del mundo.La obra de Salvian titulada Sobre el Gobierno Divino en el año 440 promovió el significado histórico de los Alemanes. Exageró sus buenas características en contra la corrupción Romana. Dijo que Dios usó a los Alemanes como espada de juicio sobre la Roma malvada.Tres actitudes prevalecieron en Europa con respecto a las invasiones bárbaras àAgustín sostuvo que ultimadamente, el éxito político o su fracaso no tenia ninguna diferencia. Su enfoque estaba en el mundo venidero. En contraste, Orosio dijo que el Cristianismo era la garantia de la prosperidad del Imperio. Salvian afirmó que el Imperio fue castigado por sus pecados.Pero algo interesante sucedió una vez que los invasores Alemanes se establecieron en las antiguas tierras Romanas. En general, dejaron a un lado su fe con sabor Arriano por el Cristianismo Niceo-Católico y adoptaron la cultura Romana, o al menos, lo que quedaba de ella. A lo largo de un par de generaciones llegaron a identificarse como Romanos en lugar de como Godos, Francos, Borgoñones y Lombardos.Pero incluso con estas adaptaciones a la cultura Romana, los antiguos pueblos Romanos y Germánicos se dividieron por su idioma. Los Romanos hablaban Latín, los Alemanes Goth. Costumbres de comida y el vestido que se llevaban en muchos lugares con los Latinos usando togas mientras que los Alemanes llevaban pantalones. Sus sistemas legales diferían y las leyes se aplicaban a las diferentes clases del mismo reino. Los 2 pueblos tardaron siglos en mezclarse y convertirse en las naciones de la Europa moderna. La civilización Grecorromana se basaba en ciudades. Las invasiones Germánicas trajeron un declive a las ciudades. Una economía rural se desarrollo en el Occidente, acelerando el paso a lo que hemos llegado a asociar como la Edad Media: el Feudalismo. Mientras que, en el este, las ciudades seguían siendo el principal elemento de la organización social, en el Occidente, las fincas y territorios subieron a la preminencia. Los gobernantes confiaban en sus propias tierras, por lo que había una descentralización del gobierno.Con el declive del gobierno centralizado en el Occidente, la Iglesia se hizo a cargo de muchos de los servicios que alguna vez proporcionaba el Estado, como la educación. Las iglesias y monasterios estaban vinculados a la economía agrícola del Occidente y se beneficiaban de una estrecha relación con los gobernantes locales. Pero una cosa que vio crecer sustancialmente la importancia y la influencia de la Iglesia fue la fractura que ocurrió en el ámbito político. Cuando Europa Occidental se dividió en cientos de regiones más pequeñas, cada una con su propio gobernante, la autoridad universal de la Iglesia bajo Roma y los obispos regionales proporcionaron una continuidad que se necesitaba desesperadamente. Ninguna autoridad secular en el Occidente fue capaz de controlar a la Iglesia como un órgano de Estado en la misma medida que los Emperadores Orientales. Así que, en el Occidente, en lugar de que los reyes gobernaran en los asuntos de la Iglesia, fue la Iglesia la que jugó cada vez más un rol importante en los asuntos políticos.Una vez más quiero dar las gracias a todos aquellos que han ido a la página de CS en FB y nos han dado un me gusta. Ver sus comentarios igual seria una gran bendición.Especialmente quiero decirles gracias a aquellos que le han dado al podcast una buena crítica en Apple Podcasts. Apple Podcasts es el portal principal para el podcast y las críticas positivas nos ayudan en gran manera a promover el podcast.No lo menciono a menudo, pero necesito hacerlo ocasionalmente. Si quieres hacer una donación para mantener a Communio Sanctorum en línea, puedes usar la función de donación en el sitio web. Sanctorum.us