Christological doctrine arguing that human and divine persons of Jesus Christ are separate
POPULARITY
6 episodes with Nestorianism
7 episodes with Nestorianism
5 episodes with Nestorianism
4 episodes with Nestorianism
3 episodes with Nestorianism
2 episodes with Nestorianism
2 episodes with Nestorianism
2 episodes with Nestorianism
2 episodes with Nestorianism
Mr. AJ Ellis concludes his discussion on Christology. We look at Nestorianism, Docetism, and Ebionism. The Anglican Compass series, "We Believe: Reflections on the Nicene Creed" can be found here.
Thursday of the Third Week of Easter Saint of the Day: St. Desideratus; brother of Desiderius and Deodatus; as courtier in the court of King Clotaire, he fought heresy and simony; in 541, he became bishop of Bourges; he attended several councils that condemned Nestorianism and Eutychianism; Desideratus was reputed to have performed miracles and was known for his peace making abilities; he died in 550 Office of Readings and Morning Prayer for 5/8/25 Gospel: John 6:44-51
"Four Christological Heresies" - Nestorianism
Michael Lofton covers a very common Catholic apologetic argument and shows why it is no longer sufficient in debates with non-Catholics. He then covers why the Apostle Paul forbade anyone to judge another on fasting and yet the Church commands days of fasting. Lastly, Michael goes over a commenter who unknowingly promotes Nestorianism.
Colossians 3:1-4 assures us of the significance of Christ's dual nature and heavenly position. Lord's Day 18 contrasts two heretical views that contradict the two natures of Christ: Eutychianism and Nestorianism. Eutychianism blends the two natures in such a way that Christ is a hybrid human who is a man god or god man, but not God and man. The divine and human natures bleed into each other. Nestorianism teaches that the two natures are so radically divided that Christ is almost two persons. Neither of these positions understands the hypo (under) static (same/consistent) union of Christ. A very practical problem with these views is that our redemption is never accomplished because the creature that offended has not endured the Lord's wrath. The eternal punishment we deserve has not been poured out. Thus, we are still in our sins.Colossians 3:1-4 assures us that Christ's ascension to heaven marks his position as the glorified God-man, taking his seat at the right hand of the Father. He is ascended in glory as the glorified God-Man. His glorified human nature is bound to space and time while his divine nature is everywhere present or omnipresent.His presence in heaven is described as advantageous for believers, as he now serves as our ultimate authoritative advocate before God. Christ intercedes on their behalf, understanding our struggles and needs. He knows our weakness as our sinless priest who walked this age. He knows our struggles because he dwells in us by His Spirit. His heavenly ministry ensures our glorification as he guides, intercedes, and empowers as our savior.His supreme position refutes alternative spiritual philosophies that appear to threaten our Christian life. Christ's ascension testifies that he has overcome and we are guaranteed to overcome in him because He has triumphed. He is our heavenly advocate who continues to sustain us in this age.
Welcome to Class 3 of the "Foundations of Theology" I.Q. Church series taught by Luke and Jake! We're taking a break from our normally scheduled podcast series to bring you this teaching. In this session, we dive deep into two essential aspects of the Christian faith: Jesus Christ as the Son of God, and the gift of salvation He brings. We explore how Jesus, being both fully God and fully human, is central to understanding the gospel and our relationship with God. Additionally, we unpack the multi-faceted nature of salvation and its transformative power in the believer's life. Key topics covered in this video: The Incarnation: Jesus as fully divine and fully human, and why that matters for salvation. An exploration of Christological heresies like Docetism, Apollinarianism, Nestorianism, and Monophysitism, contrasted with the orthodox understanding of Christ. Salvation as God's gift: understanding atonement, faith, justification, adoption, and sanctification. The Gift of Salvation: Substitution and Sacrifice: Christ died in our place. Christus Victor: Christ is victorious over sin, death, and evil. Reunion and Recapitulation: Christ reunites us with God and restarts the creation project. Demonstration and Devotion: Christ shows us how to live and influences us toward devotion. We also explore key aspects of salvation: Faith: Belief and allegiance to Christ. Justification: Receiving the gift of grace by faith (Ephesians 2:8-10). Adoption: Being brought into God's family and confirmed as His children (Romans 8:22-25). Sanctification: Growing in holiness and being set apart for God's Kingdom (Hebrews 10:14). Movie Clips for Illustration: We use several movie clips to illustrate the Christological heresies and provide a visual understanding of key concepts before focusing on the correct biblical view of Jesus as one person with two natures.
In today's show Dr. Anders touches on issues as Sedevacantism, Do Not Resuscitate orders (DNR), Nestorianism, Jesus's self awareness and more.
In today's show Dr. Anders touches on issues as Sedevacantism, Do Not Resuscitate orders (DNR), Nestorianism, Jesus's self awareness and more.
Jesus is the Word and the Word is God and the Word is with God. There are two extremes with the Trinity- Modalism where the three persons are just three modes of existence of the one God and on the other hand Tritheism where there are three beings or Gods. In the incarnation, God the Son became a man but continued to be God. There are the contrasting errors of Nestorianism where there is a divine and human person united and on the other hand Kenoticism where the divine emptied himself of his divinity to become a man. Actually the Son of God remains unchanged as God but takes to himself a full human nature. His person is divine but he has two natures. Our response must be to adore, to worship and glorify our great God and his Son Jesus Christ.
Jesus is the Word and the Word is God and the Word is with God. There are two extremes with the Trinity- Modalism where the three persons are just three modes of existence of the one God and on the other hand Tritheism where there are three beings or Gods. In the incarnation, God the Son became a man but continued to be God. There are the contrasting errors of Nestorianism where there is a divine and human person united and on the other hand Kenoticism where the divine emptied himself of his divinity to become a man. Actually the Son of God remains unchanged as God but takes to himself a full human nature. His person is divine but he has two natures. Our response must be to adore, to worship and glorify our great God and his Son Jesus Christ.
Jesus is the Word and the Word is God and the Word is with God. There are two extremes with the Trinity: Modalism where the three persons are just three modes of existence of the one God and on the other hand Tritheism where there are three beings or Gods. In the incarnation, God the Son became a man but continued to be God. There are the contrasting errors of Nestorianism where there is a divine and human person united and on the other hand Kenoticism where the divine emptied himself of his divinity to become a man. Actually the Son of God remains unchanged as God but takes to himself a full human nature. His person is divine but he has two natures. Our response must be to adore, to worship and glorify our great God and his Son Jesus Christ.
Full Text of ReadingsThursday of the Twelfth Week in Ordinary Time Lectionary: 374The Saint of the day is Saint Cyril of AlexandriaSaint Cyril of Alexandria's Story Saints are not born with halos around their heads. Cyril, recognized as a great teacher of the Church, began his career as archbishop of Alexandria, Egypt, with impulsive, often violent, actions. He pillaged and closed the churches of the Novatian heretics—who required those who denied the faith to be re-baptized—participated in the deposing of Saint John Chrysostom, and confiscated Jewish property, expelling the Jews from Alexandria in retaliation for their attacks on Christians. Cyril's importance for theology and Church history lies in his championing the cause of orthodoxy against the heresy of Nestorius, who taught that in Christ there were two persons, one human and one divine. The controversy centered around the two natures in Christ. Nestorius would not agree to the title “God-bearer” for Mary. He preferred “Christ-bearer,” saying there are two distinct persons in Christ—divine and human—joined only by a moral union. He said Mary was not the mother of God but only of the man Christ, whose humanity was only a temple of God. Nestorianism implied that the humanity of Christ was a mere disguise. Presiding as the pope's representative at the Council of Ephesus in 431, Cyril condemned Nestorianism and proclaimed Mary truly the “God-bearer”—the mother of the one Person who is truly God and truly human. In the confusion that followed, Cyril was deposed and imprisoned for three months, after which he was welcomed back to Alexandria. Besides needing to soften some of his opposition to those who had sided with Nestorius, Cyril had difficulties with some of his own allies, who thought he had gone too far, sacrificing not only language but orthodoxy. Until his death, his policy of moderation kept his extreme partisans under control. On his deathbed, despite pressure, he refused to condemn the teacher of Nestorius. Reflection Lives of the saints are valuable not only for the virtue they reveal but also for the less admirable qualities that also appear. Holiness is a gift of God to us as human beings. Life is a process. We respond to God's gift, but sometimes with a lot of zigzagging. If Cyril had been more patient and diplomatic, the Nestorian church might not have risen and maintained power so long. But even saints must grow out of immaturity, narrowness, and selfishness. It is because they—and we—do grow, that we are truly saints, persons who live the life of God. Saint of the Day, Copyright Franciscan Media
Thursday of the 12th Week in Ordinary Time Optional Memorial of St. Cyril of Alexandria, 378-444; began his career as archbishop of Alexandria with impulsive--often violent--actions; but he championed the cause of orthodoxy against the heresy of Nestorius, who taught that in Christ there were two persons, one human and one divine; at the Council of Ephesus in 431, Cyril condemned Nestorianism and proclaimed Mary truly the “God-bearer”—the mother of the one Person who is truly God and truly human Office of Readings and Morning Prayer for 6/27/24 Gospel: Matthew 7:21-29
The pendulum swings again as Nestorius overreacts against Apollinarius, and emphasizes the distinction between the two natures in Christ, to the point of describing a radical separation of natures. It was as if Nestorius was saying that Christ is not one Person, but two - a divine Person and a human Person, united only as long as the human will submits to the divine will. This solution corrected Apollinarius' diminished human nature, but it divided the life and actions of Christ into two, even to the point of claiming that Mary was not the Mother of his divine nature. Links To listen to Mike Aquilina's episode 45 on John Cassian: https://www.catholicculture.org/commentary/045john-cassian-monk-on-move-solitary-in-city/ To listen to Mike Aquilina's episode 46 on Cyril of Alexandria: https://www.catholicculture.org/commentary/46cyril-alexandria-fifth-century-man-from-uncle/ To listen to Mike Aquilina's episode 2.4 on The Council of Ephesus: https://www.catholicculture.org/commentary/24-ephesus-mother-all-controversies/ To read John Casein's On the Incarnation of the Lord Against Nestorius: https://www.catholicculture.org/culture/library/fathers/view.cfm?recnum=2097&repos=8&subrepos=0&searchid=2405100 To read Cyril of Alexandria's On the Unity of Christ: https://www.tertullian.org/fathers/cyril_christ_is_one_01_text.htm For more on the christological controversies in context, see the book: Reading the Church Fathers: A History of the Early Church and the Development of Doctrine: https://sophiainstitute.com/product/reading-the-church-fathers/ SIGN UP for Catholic Culture's Newsletter: https://www.catholicculture.org/newsletters/ DONATE at: http://www.catholicculture.org/donate/audio To connect with Dr. James Papandrea, On YouTube - The Original Church: https://www.youtube.com/@TheOriginalChurch Join the conversation in the Original Church Community on Locals: https://theoriginalchurch.locals.com/ Dr. Papandrea's Homepage: http://www.jimpapandrea.com Theme Music: Gaudeamus (Introit for the Feast of All Saints), sung by Jeff Ostrowski. Courtesy of Corpus Christi Watershed: https://www.ccwatershed.org/
Delegates from throughout the ecumenical (universal or "catholic") church met in Chalcedon in 451 AD to address the emergence of certain heresies surrounding the person and nature of Christ. Some were teaching that Jesus merely took on the material aspects of a human body (Apollinarianism). Others so distinguished Jesus' humanity and divinity that they conceived of each as involving a distinct person (Nestorianism). Finally, some so emphasized Christ's unity that they spoke of his divinity blending with his humanity to form a new mixed nature (Eutychianism or Monophysitism). The Council of Chalcedon thus responded to these errors, producing a confession of orthodoxy known as The Chalcedonian Definition (or the Symbol of Chalcedon). It affirmed that the incarnate Christ is one person with both a human and divine nature. But why does this statement matter, and are its distinctions all that important? What, if anything, can we learn from it today? Dr. Stephen Wellum joins Kirk in this episode to discuss the meaning and significance of this important historical document.
As the debates around Jesus continued, the political climate in Rome became more complicated when it fell to the Goths in 410. For the first time in 800 years, the “eternal city” was sacked. In response, the church had to bring order and the fractures between Rome and Constantinople began to grow. The first major sign of division happened about 100 years after Constantine embraced the faith (Council of Ephesus, 431). This council would debate the role of Mary and the humanity of Christ but would lose its credibility under the shadow of political intrigues.
And Jesus came into the quarters of Caesarea Philippi: and he asked his disciples, saying: Whom do men say that the Son of man is?Venit autem Jesus in partes Caesareae Philippi : et interrogabat discipulos suos, dicens : Quem dicunt homines esse Filium hominis? 14 But they said: Some John the Baptist, and other some Elias, and others Jeremias, or one of the prophets.At illi dixerunt : Alii Joannem Baptistam, alii autem Eliam, alii vero Jeremiam, aut unum ex prophetis. 15 Jesus saith to them: But whom do you say that I am?Dicit illis Jesus : Vos autem, quem me esse dicitis? 16 Simon Peter answered and said: Thou art Christ, the Son of the living God.Respondens Simon Petrus dixit : Tu es Christus, Filius Dei vivi. 17 And Jesus answering, said to him: Blessed art thou, Simon Bar-Jona: because flesh and blood hath not revealed it to thee, but my Father who is in heaven.Respondens autem Jesus, dixit ei : Beatus es Simon Bar Jona : quia caro et sanguis non revelavit tibi, sed Pater meus, qui in caelis est. 18 And I say to thee: That thou art Peter; and upon this rock I will build my church, and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it.Et ego dico tibi, quia tu es Petrus, et super hanc petram aedificabo Ecclesiam meam, et portae inferi non praevalebunt adversus eam. 19 And I will give to thee the keys of the kingdom of heaven. And whatsoever thou shalt bind upon earth, it shall be bound also in heaven: and whatsoever thou shalt loose upon earth, it shall be loosed also in heaven.Et tibi dabo claves regni caelorum. Et quodcumque ligaveris super terram, erit ligatum et in caelis : et quodcumque solveris super terram, erit solutum et in caelis. St Leo the Great saved Rome from the invasion of Attila. He defended the rights of the Holy See, condemned Nestorianism at the Council of Ephesus, and the Monophysites at the Council of Chaledon. He died A.D. 461.
Saturday in the Octave of Easter Saint of the Day: Pope St. Celestine I; elected pope in 422; founder of the papal diplomatic service; battled heresies of Novationism, Nestorianism, and Pelagianism; believed to have sent Palladius to evangelize Ireland in 431; died in 432 A.D. Office of Readings and Morning Prayer for 4/6/24 Gospel: Mark 16:9-15
Michael Lofton examines Mar Mari’s rebuke of Pope Francis for allegedly blessing same-sex unions. Michael also examines some comments made about transgender baptisms and then addresses Mar Mari’s position on Nestorianism.
Response to this comment from Grant Guikema-----grantguikema9821-5 days ago-PSA is so twisted. Ransoms are paid to kidnappers, to villains. So if you're saying he paid divine justice, then you are saying that God is the villain. Sin is not Gods problem, it's mine. The ransom was paid to death and the devil, but that's not the end of the story. Christ rose from the dead, defeating death and his enemies. Sacrifice is not a payment but a gift of hospitality and reconciliation. Nowhere in the OT is killing and death part of the sacrifice. Blood is used for cleansing. Food is offered as a gift. The killing is done outside the temple and never part of the sacrifice. Also He marked His passion and resurrection with Passover. Not yom kippor. Also the scapegoat is not killed So what about God's wrath-- Well Justice is simply making things right. The idea is putting things in proper order. To the wicked, that is painful. To those that reject God their damnation is their own. Hope that helps. PSA necessitates either Arianism or Nestorianism because for the Father to Punish the Son demands you split the Trinity or split Christ. Both are terrible Heresy.
Charlie Dunn// John 1:1-14
Rev. Roy Askins, managing editor of The Lutheran Witness, joins Andy and Sarah to talk about some of the heresies explained in the August 2023 LW “Heresies: Ancient and Modern,” including Gnosticism, Moralistic Therapeutic Deism, and Prosperity Gospel. Pick up a copy to read more about these heresies and also Arianism, Nestorianism, Eutychianism, Pelagianism, and Double Predestination. Find it at witness.lcms.org/2023/lutheran-witness-august-2023. Find online exclusives of the Lutheran Witness at witness.lcms.org and subscribe to the Lutheran Witness at cph.org/witness. The Coffee Hour is underwritten by Concordia University Wisconsin. Live Uncommon. Learn more at cuw.edu.
Rev. Roy Askins, managing editor of The Lutheran Witness, joins Andy and Sarah to talk about some of the heresies explained in the August 2023 LW “Heresies: Ancient and Modern,” including Gnosticism, Moralistic Therapeutic Deism, and Prosperity Gospel. Pick up a copy to read more about these heresies and also Arianism, Nestorianism, Eutychianism, Pelagianism, and Double Predestination. Find it at witness.lcms.org/2023/lutheran-witness-august-2023. Find online exclusives of the Lutheran Witness at witness.lcms.org and subscribe to the Lutheran Witness at cph.org/witness.
Join us for our first in-person episode in many months! In this episode, we look at the philosophical ideas of the Church Fathers, the natures of Jesus Christ, the relationship of the Holy Trinity, and the authority of the Church. Focusing on figures like Origen, Cyril of Alexandria, Ambrose, and especially Augustine, we look at the early Church's answers to the false teachings of Arianism, Docetism, Nestorianism, Monarchianism, and more! We also manage to revive the age-old debate of whether or not God exists within time, this time focusing on if God is changeable in His perfection!Follow us on Twitter! https://twitter.com/UlmtdOpinions
The Matt Slick Live daily radio show broadcast is a production of the Christian Apologetics Research Ministry -CARM-. During the show, Matt answers questions on the air, and offers insight on topics like The Bible, Apologetics, Theology, World Religions, Atheism, and other issues-- The show airs live on the Truth Network, Monday through Friday, 6-7 PM, EST -3-4 PM, PST--You can also email questions to Matt using- info-carm.org, Please put -Radio Show Question- in the Subject line--You can also watch a live stream during the live show on RUMBLE---Time stamps are approximate due to commercials being removed for PODCAST.--Topics include---04- Amillennialism, Revelation- 20- 1-3.-16- Assembly Of God Church, The AOG.-18- Is there a literal 1000 year Millennial reign.-24- Nazarene Church issues.-27- The Assyrian Church of the East, Nestorianism, Hypostatic Union.-35- Phylogeny.
The Matt Slick Live daily radio show broadcast is a production of the Christian Apologetics Research Ministry (CARM). During the show, Matt answers questions on the air, and offers insight on topics like The Bible, Apologetics, Theology, World Religions, Atheism, and other issues! The show airs live on the Truth Network, Monday through Friday, 6-7 PM, EST (3-4 PM, PST) You can also email questions to Matt using: info@carm.org, Please put "Radio Show Question" in the Subject line! You can also watch a live stream during the live show on RUMBLE! MSL: August, 3 2023 Time stamps are approximate due to commercials being removed for PODCAST. Topics include: 04- Amillennialism, Revelation: 20: 1-3. 16- Assembly Of God Church, The AOG. 18- Is there a literal 1000 year Millennial reign. 24- Nazarene Church issues. 27- The Assyrian Church of the East, Nestorianism, Hypostatic Union. 35- Phylogeny. MSL: August, 3 2023 CARM This show LIVE STREAMS on RUMBLE during the Radio Broadcast! Subscribe to the CARM YouTube Channel Subscribe to the Matt Slick YouTube Channel CARM on Facebook Visit the CARM Website Donate to CARM You can find our past podcast by clicking here!
The Matt Slick Live daily radio show broadcast is a production of the Christian Apologetics Research Ministry (CARM). During the show, Matt answers questions on the air, and offers insight on topics like The Bible, Apologetics, Theology, World Religions, Atheism, and other issues! The show airs live on the Truth Network, Monday through Friday, 6-7 PM, EST (3-4 PM, PST) You can also email questions to Matt using: info@carm.org, Please put "Radio Show Question" in the Subject line! You can also watch a live stream during the live show on RUMBLE! MSL: August, 3 2023 Time stamps are approximate due to commercials being removed for PODCAST. Topics include: 04- Amillennialism, Revelation: 20: 1-3. 16- Assembly Of God Church, The AOG. 18- Is there a literal 1000 year Millennial reign. 24- Nazarene Church issues. 27- The Assyrian Church of the East, Nestorianism, Hypostatic Union. 35- Phylogeny. MSL: August, 3 2023 CARM This show LIVE STREAMS on RUMBLE during the Radio Broadcast! Subscribe to the CARM YouTube Channel Subscribe to the Matt Slick YouTube Channel CARM on Facebook Visit the CARM Website Donate to CARM You can find our past podcast by clicking here!
About The Guest(s): Dr. Tom Nettles is a retired professor of historical theology at Southern Baptist Theological Seminary. He has taught at several seminaries and has written extensively on church history and theology. Summary: Dr. Tom Nettles discusses the Pelagian Controversy and its significance in church history. He explains the theological issues surrounding the nature of sin, human nature, and the role of grace in salvation. Augustine's response to Pelagius and his development of the doctrines of grace are highlighted. The conversation also touches on the influence of Pelagianism in modern theology and the importance of understanding the nature of sin and the need for divine grace. Key Takeaways:Augustine's theological work focused on the nature of sin, human nature, and the role of grace in salvation.Pelagius believed in the perfectibility of human nature and the ability to achieve righteousness through personal effort.Augustine emphasized the fallen nature of humanity and the necessity of divine grace for salvation.The Pelagian Controversy led Augustine to develop a more scriptural and exegetical approach to theology.The influence of Pelagianism can still be seen in modern theology, particularly in the emphasis on human freedom and the rejection of the doctrines of grace.Quotes:"Augustine stands within the history of theology, dealing with the issue of human sin, the nature of saving grace, and how human nature became polluted by sin." - Dr. Tom Nettles"Pelagianism was rejected in 431 at the same council where Nestorianism was rejected, as they were seen as twin errors." - Dr. Tom Nettles"Augustine's engagement with Pelagius is a tremendously important theological step that influenced the Reformation and the development of Protestant theology." - Dr. Tom Nettles
Dr. David Maxwell of Concordia Seminary-St. Louis The post 2074. The Heresies of Nestorianism and Eutychianism – Dr. David Maxwell, 7/26/23 first appeared on Issues, Etc..
This is part 21 of the Early Church History class. In the fifth century Christians waged a theological civil war that ended in a massive church split. The issue was over the dual natures of Christ. How was he both divine and human? Did he have a human soul and a divine soul? Did his two natures fuse into one new nature? Although such abstruse distinctions would hardly get anyone's blood boiling today, these doctrinal distinctives resulted in a zero sum war for supremacy involving not only theological argumentation, but also political conniving and outright gangster tactics in the battles that led to the famous Council of Chalcedon in 451. Though church history textbooks often whitewash this period of theological creativity, this episode will give you a brief but unapologetic overview of the major players and their deeds in the dual natures controversy. Listen to this episode on Spotify or Apple Podcasts https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GKQafdCPXAk&list=PLN9jFDsS3QV2lk3B0I7Pa77hfwKJm1SRI&index=21&pp=iAQB —— Links —— More Restitutio resources on Christian history See other classes here Support Restitutio by donating here Join our Restitutio Facebook Group and follow Sean Finnegan on Twitter @RestitutioSF Leave a voice message via SpeakPipe with questions or comments and we may play them out on the air Intro music: Good Vibes by MBB Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0) Free Download / Stream: Music promoted by Audio Library. Who is Sean Finnegan? Read his bio here —— Notes —— Options for Two Natures Athanasius (c. 357) affirmed Jesus as God and man but did not explain how the natures united. He called Mary Theotokos (God-bearer). Apollinarius of Laodicea (d. 382) said the Word became flesh without assuming a human mind (Apollinarianism). Gregory of Nazianzus (d. 390) condemned Apollinarius and said that what God has not assumed, he has not healed. Eutyches of Constantinople (380-456) said the divine and human natures combined to form one new nature (Eutychianism/Monophysitism) Nestorius (c. 429) denied Mary as Theotokos, calling her instead Christotokos, and allegedly taught that Christ had two distinct natures in two persons (Nestorianism/dyophysitism). Leo I said Christ had two natures united in person, though the two natures remained distinct (Chalcedonian dyophysitism). Condemning John Chrysostom John Chrysostom represented the Antiochene school of thought (as opposed to the Alexandrian). 397 Chrysostom became bishop of Constantinople. Eudoxia, wife of the emperor Arcadius, worked with Theophilus of Alexandria to depose Chrysostom. 403 Synod of the Oak deposed Chrysostom. 404 Chrysostom exiled. 407 Chrysostom marched to death Condemning Nestorius 428 Nestorius became bishop of Constantinople. He immediately began persecuting “heretics” as a defender of orthodoxy. 429 Anastasius of Antioch preached in Constantinople that no one should call Mary Pulcheria, sister of emperor Theodosius II, worked with Cyril of Alexandria to depose Nestorius. 431 1st Council of Ephesus deposed Nestorius. Condemning Flavian 446 Flavian became bishop of Constantinople. 448 Held a synod that interrogated and condemned Eutyches 449 2nd Council of Ephesus reinstated Eutyches and condemned Flavian. Dioscorus of Alexandria instigated violence against Flavian that resulted in his death. Known to history as the “Robber Synod” Chalcedon 450 Theodosius II fell from his horse and died, leaving Pulcheria, his sister the nun, to marry Marcian, the new emperor. 451 Marcian and Pulcheria called the council at Chalcedon to reverse the 2nd Council of Ephesus and depose Dioscorus. Pope Leo's tome was read and accepted. After much debate, they codified the definition of Chalcedon, declaring Mary as Theotokos and Christ as having two natures in one person. When Nestorius read Leo's tome, he agreed with him and called it orthodox. Several important groups of churches, both Nestorian and Monophysite, rejected Chalcedon, including Egypt, Ethiopia, Armenia, Syria, and Persia. Review Deciding how the divine and human natures worked in Christ became the chief focus for many Christians in the fifth century. Apollinarius of Laodice proposed that the logos (Word) replaced the human mind, the rational part of the soul, in Christ (Apollinarianism). Eutyches proposed that Christ was one nature after the union of the divine and human (monophysitism). Pope Leo I said the two natures retained their distinctive characters in the one person of Christ (dyophysitism). Nestorius allegedly taught that the two natures in Christ were not united in one person (Nestorianism), though this was probably a misrepresentation of Cyril of Alexandria. Powerful Alexandrian bishops worked with powerful empresses to outmaneuver and depose Constantinopolitan bishops John Chrysostom in 404 and Nestorius in 431. Nestorius tried to steer people away from calling Mary Theotokos (God-bearer) by calling her Christotokos (Christ-bearer), but this offended many. Alexandrian bishops from Theophilus to Cyril to Dioscorus increasingly used gangster tactics to intimidate, coerce, beat, and even kill their theological-political opponents. The Chalcedonian definition of 451 condemned Nestorius and Eutyches while endorsing Cyril and Leo, promoting a diophysite statement of two natures in one person, united but not confused. Though trumpeted as "orthodox", Chalcedon alienated a huge portion of Christianity, including the Coptic Church, Ethiopian Church, Syrian Church, Armenian Church, and Assyrian Church.
Pastor Josiah and Ethan continue our podcast series on Christological heresies with an examination of Nestorianism, which asserts that Jesus is comprised of two distinct persons, as opposed to the Trinitarian view of God.Secret Link
Full Text of ReadingsTuesday of the Twelfth Week in Ordinary Time Lectionary: 372The Saint of the day is Saint Cyril of AlexandriaSaint Cyril of Alexandria's Story Saints are not born with halos around their heads. Cyril, recognized as a great teacher of the Church, began his career as archbishop of Alexandria, Egypt, with impulsive, often violent, actions. He pillaged and closed the churches of the Novatian heretics—who required those who denied the faith to be re-baptized—participated in the deposing of Saint John Chrysostom, and confiscated Jewish property, expelling the Jews from Alexandria in retaliation for their attacks on Christians. Cyril's importance for theology and Church history lies in his championing the cause of orthodoxy against the heresy of Nestorius, who taught that in Christ there were two persons, one human and one divine. The controversy centered around the two natures in Christ. Nestorius would not agree to the title “God-bearer” for Mary. He preferred “Christ-bearer,” saying there are two distinct persons in Christ—divine and human—joined only by a moral union. He said Mary was not the mother of God but only of the man Christ, whose humanity was only a temple of God. Nestorianism implied that the humanity of Christ was a mere disguise. Presiding as the pope's representative at the Council of Ephesus in 431, Cyril condemned Nestorianism and proclaimed Mary truly the “God-bearer”—the mother of the one Person who is truly God and truly human. In the confusion that followed, Cyril was deposed and imprisoned for three months, after which he was welcomed back to Alexandria. Besides needing to soften some of his opposition to those who had sided with Nestorius, Cyril had difficulties with some of his own allies, who thought he had gone too far, sacrificing not only language but orthodoxy. Until his death, his policy of moderation kept his extreme partisans under control. On his deathbed, despite pressure, he refused to condemn the teacher of Nestorius. Reflection Lives of the saints are valuable not only for the virtue they reveal but also for the less admirable qualities that also appear. Holiness is a gift of God to us as human beings. Life is a process. We respond to God's gift, but sometimes with a lot of zigzagging. If Cyril had been more patient and diplomatic, the Nestorian church might not have risen and maintained power so long. But even saints must grow out of immaturity, narrowness, and selfishness. It is because they—and we—do grow, that we are truly saints, persons who live the life of God. Saint of the Day, Copyright Franciscan Media
Bad ideas are like the many-headed hydra. When one head is cut off, two more spring up. Just when Arianism is getting cured, Nestorianism boils over, and when that pimple is taken care of, Monophysitism appears on the body of Christ, and when the ointment for that is applied, a side effect called Monothelitism develops. And even after resolving these things, they come back, but at least the Church has a cure on the shelf for each of these conditions. They come back in odd and interesting ways, and some heresies like Arianism or sola scriptura take many centuries to fade out. Sorry, did I say fade out? They never fully disappear. Arianism was addressed in 325 at the Council of Nicaea, and a modern version of it is visible in humanism. Sola scriptura was addressed in the Council of Trent in the 1500s, yet the circular logic of that idea keeps every dog chasing its tail. Today, a person could spend every waking minute refuting heresies because it's all over in the language of believers and non-believers. Arguing over these errors make little impact, since those who openly reject official Church teaching have adopted their own authority, either in scriptural interpretations, or in their own mind. The old errors are so commonly held and pronounced, that I can't listen to modern music for an hour without recognizing at least one heresy. I think Luke Bryan is the Pelagius of Country Music, but he is just one of many. A good series would be doing a close-reading of errors in Luke Bryan's greatest hits, because you can find so many heresies passed off as wisdom or truth in his lyrics. It's not just him, so I don't mean to single him out. But we live in an age of various common errors, most commonly, Protestantism, Gnosticism and Pelagianism, which are big words, but with basic problems when we examine them as practiced in the real world. This is why the word “Christian” is so smashed up, misused, and abused that it now looks like the car in Planes, Trains, and Automobiles at the end of the movie. If you think this is false, check out /r/Christianity on reddit.com. It is chaos. That subreddit should be changed to /r/tohu-wa-bohu, which is the Hebrew word for chaos before God created order in the universe. Pope Pius X famously called modernism “the synthesis of all heresies,” and the Protestants posting on social media does us the favor of proving it beyond the shadow of a doubt. You could play Heresy Bingo and have a winner before finishing the first post's comment section. Reddit's generic /r/Christianity feed is like a slop bucket. It's remarkable to read comments there from self-professed Christians, because few seem aware of the first fifteen centuries after Christ's death, and it's not clear they realize that there was a Church operating before the year 2020. So there are many bizarre versions of Christianity floating around, and I used to think that nothing could outdo the “snakes and orgies” crowd that 60 Minutes did a show on many years ago, but I've been proved wrong repeatedly in recent years, as the heresies have erupted in denominations that once seemed to have a reasonable grip on doctrine. But churches like the ELCA and Methodists and even the “cool” Catholic churches have been caught up in the spirit of the times, and thus they will die like dandelions when the autumn of this culture comes, which is always sooner than we think. You cannot get to liturgies featuring drag queens or celebrating the worst sin of Pride without first abandoning Christ and the faith of the apostles. However, the long labor of creating and carrying the church through the gauntlet of time has happened, and for the Church that sticks to those teachings, it will outlast this current chaotic summer, and in the autumn and into winter, the redwood will outlast them all once again and arrive in spring stronger still. So while this makes a lot of people feel worried and lost, or scared that the Catholic Church will fall into error, it should actually give much hope. Because the only Church that will last is the one which remains in full orthodoxy with Sacred Tradition and Sacred Scripture. The only Church that is interesting or compelling is the one that keeps the Deposit of Faith and rejects all doctrinal errors from 33 A.D. until today, because it is the only Church led by the Holy Spirit. When the breathless apostles first came to Jesus and reported error being used in Jesus' name, he said, “It's ok.” Well, he actually said:John said to him, “Teacher, we saw someone casting out demons in your name, and we tried to stop him, because he was not following us.” But Jesus said, “Do not stop him; for no one who does a deed of power in my name will be able soon afterward to speak evil of me. Whoever is not against us is for us. For truly I tell you, whoever gives you a cup of water to drink because you bear the name of Christ will by no means lose the reward. (Mark 9:38-41)To break that down a bit, Jesus was telling the apostles that the others may cast out demons in Jesus' name. That's wonderful. He didn't say, “Go out and club them until they stop.” The Church has occasionally errored in that. But Jesus also didn't say, “Terrific, bring in these outsiders as the new teachers.” They did not become apostles. Jesus didn't adapt his teaching to the outsiders. The thing about Jesus is that you don't get to tell him what to do (unless you are Mary), you come to him on his terms and surrender to him. Pride need not apply. Jesus didn't declare one of these other healers to be “the rock” on which he founded his church. He didn't make these others the one, holy, catholic, and apostolic Church. He allowed other interpretations, but he didn't say they were correct. All directions and corrections are provided to the apostles, which is why they were the chosen ones and the leaders. Even when I was fallen away and considered myself atheist, I knew that if I ever returned it would only be to the Catholic Church (with Greek Orthodoxy as a dark horse in that race), because the only Church that made sense historically, logically, physically, or spiritually was the one that Jesus founded on the rock of Peter, because it was the only one that had fought and outlasted the intellectual, physical, and spiritual march of empires and ideas, and it was clearly different from all other Johnny-come-lately denominations. The non-Catholic denominations may heal people and cast out demons, and that is truly wonderful, but they are wildly prone to poor theology, teaching, and lack the all-important taproot of Tradition to the person of Jesus himself. The original, the real deal, actually still exists if you look for it. I was quite surprised to find holy people still striving for holiness. It may have been the biggest shock of my life when I returned. The first time I saw a grown man kneel for communion and receive it like his life depended on it, I knew I'd been missing the point. When I started meeting with people that studied and strived for holiness, I realized that the lukewarm representations that I had held as standard was a very low standard indeed. Like General Motors, modern Christianity built a lot of models that didn't last. We had spinoffs of spinoffs so that most of those claiming the label “Christian” today would confuse the heck out of Peter, Paul and the apostles. Dostoyevsky famously wrote in the Grand Inquisitor that if Jesus came back to life, the Catholic Church would kill him again to retain its power. But as the Church lacks the power today that Dostoyevsky imagined, the story has not aged well, despite being a terrific read. It's more likely that if Jesus returned as Dostoyevsky imagined (which didn't match anything that Jesus actually said), Jesus would see that most of Christianity outside of the Catholic Church has turned into Imagination Land from Disney's movie Inside Out, starring Bing Bong, the pink elephant, as the high priest. Fortunately, the original model is still in storage and is ready to roll. It has some dents in it, for sure, but it runs fine and those scratches can be repaired. The apostolic Church, the body of Christ, that has had plenty of fallen leaders and brokenness over the years, but the heart is alive. The deposit of faith remains, and as long as the head is Christ, it cannot bless sin, because he did not bless sin. He said to “Go and sin no more.” The faithful cannot elevate the self or feelings in replacement of God. The denial of sin is a no-go in the driver's manual on how to go to heaven. Embracing orthodox belief is how we answer the question, “What is truth?” It is also how communities and individuals get restored to health. From the Body of Christ, life springs forth, age after age. We will not find salvation in heresy any more than we will in our youth sports teams or in a Tinder tryst or in an online mob or in our endless entertainment options. Restoration and the path to salvation will come back from where it began, through the Real Presence in the Eucharist, in gatherings of prayer, in speakers witnessing their conversion stories, in Bible studies, in adoration chapels, in Mass, in retreats, in recovery meetings, and anything that forges community away from the false gods propped up by modernism. To be awakened, we need a massive Ezra moment of deprogramming and teaching, where someone breaks open the scrolls to remind the lost people of a past they know nothing about. In Nehemiah, the people hear the word and understand, and know their sins, and know how they fell into the state of sin, little by little, by departing from orthodoxy. Ezra opened the scroll so that all the people might see it, for he was standing higher than any of the people. When he opened it, all the people stood. Ezra blessed the LORD, the great God, and all the people, their hands raised high, answered, “Amen, amen!” Then they knelt down and bowed before the LORD, their faces to the ground. (Neh 8:5-6)When the people bow their faces to the ground, they have surrendered. But we have not done so yet. We are still in full competition, both with one another, and even more so with God. And this is what every heresy in history does: it competes with God. Most heresies, from Simon Magus to Nestorius to Henry VIII, had a person with a large ego, often a king, who wanted to hammer the Church into his image and likeness, instead of making the Body of Christ in the image and likeness of God. How are we going to solve this competition problem? How can a culture built on competition, capitalism, winning, and getting whatever we want possibly break that addiction? How can we possibly turn away from serving our desires? That's the easy part. You win that game by not playing. You win in the same way Jesus won it the first time. You win by living in the culture while still being set apart from it. You win by being “called out” of the culture. You go to the desert. You pray, fast, and help the poor, like Jesus. You leave the place of idolatry, like Abraham. You exit the corruption, like St. Anthony to the desert. Like St. Benedict, you reset, apart from the world in the wilderness. Like St. Cyprian, like St. Augustine, like St. Ignatius, like St. Francis, like St. Theresa Benedicta of the Cross - you swim against the current, because the current is taking you the wrong way. You reset and then re-enter the fray, washed anew in the blood of Christ.You win by accepting this sinful world as it is, and while still living in that world, but not being a player in its game. You win by entering into the suffering of others, with love, not affirming their sin, but by witnessing another way. Stop honoring and envying what other people hold as worthwhile. Money, houses, luxuries, sex, entertainment, food, alcohol, cars, boats, drugs, vacations. Stop wanting what the world wants. The entire problem is that you want the wrong things, and this is what leads to every error. How do you step out of this culture? How do you stop wanting garbage in favor of the Bread of Life? We follow the advice of the Truth himself. Jesus said, “If your hand causes you to sin, cut it off…And if your eye causes you to sin, pluck it out.” (Mk 9:42-47) The good news for us about this brutal metaphor is that we have something we can rid ourselves of without actual amputation. What causes our sin in most cases today is what sits between our hands and our eyes. The phone. Our culture is the phone, and envy, lust, pride, sloth, greed, and wrath all reach out to your throat through that device. We can cut off the source of at least half of our most common ways of straying with not a single drop of blood spilled. But few of us will choose this, because hugging our sin is the easier path. Narcissus dies by staring into the mirror, forever, in love with himself. The easier path is always the one that doesn't pay off with interest. The easy path is that chosen by Lot, it is the path chosen by those Israelites wanting to return to Egypt in the desert, it is the path chosen by Peter when he denies Jesus, the path chosen by Judas in betraying him, it is the path today of affirming sin rather than fighting it. It is the path chosen by Marcion and Arius and Nestorius and Luther and Calvin and Henry VIII and Joel Osteen. The easier path is always the road to ruin. And who wants to be part of a religion that demands nothing of us, that demands too little, when Jesus has given all to his bride, the Church? We must surrender to win. You certainly do not win by joining the side that appears to winning, or that you think will win, because even if you win, you are still stuck in the game. In fact, if you win, you may be more stuck in the game than before, like how the proverbial quicksand pulls you deeper the more you struggle. How many aspiring employees who climb to Vice President suddenly find that their wealth and prestige now “require” a bigger house and a finer car and better schools for their kids? How many French and Germans and Russians traded in the humble truths of Jesus Christ for the toxic truths of a political party? How many Democrats and Republicans are doing the same in America right now exactly as they were in Dante's Florence so many centuries ago, or in Rome during the glory days of Caesar, or in the last days when the collapse of the Bronze Age? All of these past peoples have turned to dust, but the living God remains, and the Holy Spirit carried the Church along in this final Messianic Age. You do not win by surrendering to the bulldozer of earthly power, on either side. You win by surrendering to the power of Jesus. He is the real ruler over all things. Your way of life will need to change. Your life itself may need to be given up in professing the Truth. But the only way to win at this most important thing is to surrender everything. Ego, pride, self-elevation. Let it go. Otherwise, if your game is here on this earth, whatever you win today, you will need to defend tomorrow, and someday in the future after long years of fighting, you will turn around and see that you have been defending a pile of rubble. When you reach that moment, know that the one Truth is waiting for you to turn your face all the way to look at his sacrifice on the Cross. Rather than dishearten you, this should ignite you. You have been wanting the wrong things. Desires that you had, items that you wanted to own, experiences that you sought to remember - these were the distractions from the real answer to the one test question. How strange I thought it was for Jesus to say, “Rejoice, for the kingdom is among you.” But it is here. It's here, but it's the opposite of the competitive nonsense and little trophies we have been seeking all our lives. This is an incredibly exciting time to be alive, because once again, the world has regressed into the same shape as in the first century, when the apostles lit the fuse for the dynamite of the Gospel. The fuse is once again just waiting to be lit with the fire of the Holy Spirit. The kingdom is here among us, and it is the Catholic Church, with all its flaws. The Church: founded on a rock called Peter, the sinner and the saint, the fallen one transformed into a bold healer. The same answer to “Why did Peter sink?” for an individual is the same answer for the Church founded on the rock called Peter: taking the focus off of Christ and the fullness of him is to sink. To look at him constantly in trust is to experience the unending miracle of walking with God. The kingdom is here, the Church - in the world but not of the world - defending the faith from errors until he comes again. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.whydidpetersink.com
A daily news briefing from Catholic News Agency, powered by artificial intelligence. Ask your smart speaker to play “Catholic News,” or listen every morning wherever you get podcasts. www.catholicnewsagency.com - Nashville police fatally shot a school shooter on Monday after the suspect killed three students and three adult staff members at The Covenant School, a private Christian school for students in preschool through sixth grade. According to the Metropolitan Nashville Police Department (MNPD), the shooter was a 28-year-old woman. The police believe the woman was a former student, the Associated Press reported, and said she was from the Nashville area. As of Monday evening, the police department has not yet released more information about a possible motive. Students who survived the attack were bused to Woodmont Baptist Church, where they could reunite with their parents. https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/253950/nashville-police-fatally-shoot-woman-who-killed-3-students-3-staff-at-christian-school Pope Francis on Wednesday will bless a satellite that will launch his words into space on June 10. The “Spes Satelles,” Latin for “Satellites of Hope,” will be launched on a rocket taking off from the Vandenberg Space Force Base in California. According to the Vatican, the miniaturized satellite will hold a copy of a book documenting the pope's urbi et orbi blessing of March 27, 2020, when, in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, he blessed the world from Saint Peter's Square with the words “Lord, may you bless the world, give health to our bodies, and comfort our hearts.” The book, “Why Are You Afraid? Have You No Faith? The World Facing the Pandemic,” has been converted into a nanobook, a 2-millimeter by 2-millimeter by 0.2-millimeter silicon plate, for transport to space. Pope Francis will bless the satellite and the nanobook after his weekly public audience in Saint Peter's Square on March 29. https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/253946/pope-francis-to-bless-satellite-set-to-launch-his-words-into-space A statewide New York Eucharistic Congress will take place October 20-22 at the shrine that marks the martyrdom site of three North American martyrs and the birthplace of Saint Kateri Tekakwitha, a Native American saint known for her devotion to eucharistic adoration. The venue for the Eucharistic Congress is Our Lady of Martyrs Shrine in Auriesville, New York, about a half-hour's drive north of Albany. Though located in the Albany Diocese, the shrine is financially independent and operated by a nonprofit. Its facilities include a 10,000-seat stadium. The shrine, which overlooks the Mohawk River, is “one of the most sacred spots not just in the state of New York but in the United States,” the New York Eucharistic Congress website says. There is no cost to attend the event, but donations to defray the cost will be “gratefully accepted,” the website says. It also seeks financial sponsors. https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/253953/more-than-10000-expected-for-new-york-eucharistic-congress-in-october Today, the Church celebrates pope Saint Sixtus the third. Not much is known about his history and youth, but we do know that he was born in Rome, Italy and ascended to the papacy in 432. As the 44th Pope, he approved the results of the Council of Ephesus and actively protested against the heresies of Nestorianism and Pelagianism. He restored many Roman basilicas and corresponded frequently with Saint Augustine of Hippo. He died on August 18 in the year 440 of natural causes. https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/saint/st-sixtus-iii-pope-190
Some Christians say we are "overdoing" the virgin birth. Are we? Are are they under-doing it? And why does it matter?
"Time after time, throughout the earliest ecumenical councils, Rome's position won out, even though Rome was hardly a political powerhouse after the rise of Constantinople. Between Monophysitism, Nestorianism, Monothelitism, iconoclasm, and others, the Roman positions ultimately defeated heresies at every turn. Some, myself included, argue that this is because Rome, having been replaced by Constantinople as the capital of the empire, was free from being tainted by the pervasive political influence that eastern bishops had to deal with. But, heading into the second millennium, that would change, as the papacy accumulated immense political power and wealth."
A lecture with Q&A given by visiting Davenant Hall Teaching Fellow, Dr. Matt Hoskins. In the fifth century, the Church decisively rejected Nestorianism―the teaching that Jesus Christ is comprised of two persons hitched together, one human and one divine. This rejection was shared by Church Fathers writing across the Mediterranean in different languages, such as John Cassian in Latin, Shenoute of Atripe in Coptic, and Mark the Monk in Greek. Far from being a dry doctrinal dispute, the rejection of Nestorianism was vital for the preservation of the Gospel. In this lecture, Dr. Matthew Hoskin demonstrates how, despite their diverse tongues and contexts, Latin, Coptic, and Greek authors were united in their rejection of Nestorianism through a shared concern for its negative impact on spiritual life. All knew that only a true union of God and man in the person of Christ can bring good news and spiritual fruit to the personal lives of Christians. Dr Matthew Hoskin (PhD, University of Edinburgh) teaches ancient and medieval Christian history for Davenant Hall. His research focusses on manuscripts, monks, popes, canon law, and councils, which all feature in his book The Manuscripts of Leo the Great's Letters (2022), and he blogs about the historic faith at Classically Christian. He lives on Superior's northern shore in Thunder Bay, Ontario, with his wife and sons.
Join us in our latest sermon series entitled, "Getting Christmas Right," as we study and find out why the birth of Christ matters to the Christian faith. Follow along with the message here: https://bit.ly/3v07ckA If you have any questions or would like to leave a comment, please feel free to email us at info@ravenswoodbaptist.org
IntroductionToday we are exploring one of the most important topics in human history: the Incarnation of the Word of God. What we celebrate on the Solemnity of the Annunciation and then nine months later on December 25th is the most marvelous of mysterious miracles. What does the Church definitively teach about the Incarnation? What is the Hypostatic Union? Is Jesus half-God and half-man or fully God and fully man? How does that work? What are some of the heresies about Christ?This week's episode will exclusively focus on the fact, nature, and truth of the Incarnation. There is far more to say about the nature of Christ than I can cover in one short episode. So, know that there is more to say, more distinctions to draw, and more fruitful reflection to be had! Next week, in a second part, we will explore the effects of the Incarnation on Christ Himself as well as the teaching of St. Thomas Aquinas on the fittingness of the Incarnation. As well, we will look at the effects of the Incarnation on humanity and the world. In other words, what is the significance of Christmas for you and I personally? The Marvelous Fact of the IncarnationTwo thousand years ago, the Eternal Word of God took on Flesh. In the Nicene Creed, Christians acclaim that: “For us men and for our salvation he came down from heaven; by the power of the Holy Spirit, he became incarnate of the Virgin Mary, and was made man.” Belief in the Incarnation of the Son of God, the second Person of the Blessed Trinity, is distinctively Christian. No other religion claims something so seemingly outlandish: that the Almighty God would condescend to share in His creation. Yet, this is the truth. The Incarnation is a marvelous fact, a “unique and altogether singular event (CCC 464)” to borrow the language of the Catechism. This marvelous reality is not simple to understand, nor is it something intuitively grasped by our feeble human intellect. However, there is much that God has revealed to us and unpacked through the guidance of the Holy Spirit over the centuries. The “Incarnation is… the mystery of the wonderful union of the divine and human natures in the one person of the Word (CCC 483).” We will walk through the Divinity of Jesus Christ then His human nature, and then we will be able to talk with some level of clarity on the Hypostatic Union. I am going to try hard to keep this simple without watering anything down. I will also try to define any technical terms that I use. My hope is that this will remain accessible while faithful and accurately explaining the Church's perennial teachings on the nature of the Incarnation. The Divinity of Jesus ChristTwo thousand years ago, Jesus of Nazareth was conceived and born, a real person of history. Historical consensus confirms this reality. We also have the faithful witness of the Old and New Testaments. In the Old Testament, the Psalms, the Wisdom Literature, and the Prophets all speak of the coming Messiah. The Jewish people at the time of Jesus were waiting for the Messiah, an anointed one, who would take the throne of King David and rule as a militaristic warrior to expel the Romans from the Holy Land. In the New Testament, St. Matthew traces the genealogy of Jesus back to Adam and St. Luke traces the genealogy of Jesus back to God Himself. St. Matthew's genealogy also particularly centers Jesus as the expected heir of David's throne. From the perspective of today, we, of course, know that Jesus did not come as a militaristic warrior-king. But, how do we know that Jesus Christ is God, that He is Divine?In the beginning of the Holy Gospel according to St. John, there is no genealogy. Instead, the prologue of John identifies Jesus with the uncreated Word of God through which all things were made: the Logos. The Word of God has become man and pitched His tent among us. He is the Emmanuel foretold by the Prophet Isaiah. The Gospels firmly show that Jesus is not merely another anointed one (messias), He is the Divine Messiah (cf. Mt. 1:23, 2:6; Mk. 1:2, Lk. 7:27). He is God's own Son (cf. Mt. 16:13; Jn. 10:36; Mk. 14:62; Lk. 1:35). And, finally, He is God. “In the beginning was the Word and the Word was with God and the Word was God… (cf. Jn. 1:1).” There is a phenomenal exploration of the claim to divinity of Jesus in the New Testament by Dr. Brant Pitre entitled: The Case for Jesus: The Biblical and Historical Evidence for Christ. I highly recommend reading that book, if you are interested!The remainder of the New Testament further solidifies the Divinity of Jesus Christ and this fact is upheld by the Fathers of the Church in the first millennium of the Church as well. By a singular miracle, the uncreated Son of God, consubstantial with the Father was made man and dwelt among us. He is, thus, truly and appropriately called a Divine Person. As the Council of Chalcedon in 451 A.D. put it: “We confess that our Lord Jesus Christ is not parted or divided into two persons, but is one and the same only-Begotten Son and Word of God (Chalcedon, Part ii, act. 5).”Modern academics of all stripes will try to poke holes in the doctrine of the divinity of Christ. This makes sense for those who wish to conform God to their viewpoint rather than be conformed by Him. If Jesus Christ is God, then everything He said carries the full authority of Almighty God.The Human Nature of Jesus ChristJesus Christ is fully God. But Jesus Christ is fully man, with flesh supplied from the womb of the Blessed Virgin Mary. He is a Divine Person, not a human person. However, He possesses a full and complete human nature: body and soul. As St. Thomas Aquinas puts it: “Although Christ is not the human nature, He has human nature (ST III, q. 10, a. 10, ad. 1).”The human nature of Christ is difficult to wrap our minds around. Some in the history of the Church, for example, have tried to claim that Jesus' human body was an illusion. To this, St. Augustine answers: "If the Body of Christ was a fancy, then Christ erred; and if Christ erred, then He is not the Truth. But Christ is the Truth; hence His Body was not a fancy' (Augustine, QQ. lxxxiii, q. 14; P.L., XL, 14).”Just as we acknowledge wholeheartedly that Jesus Christ is truly God, we also acknowledge that a true human soul animates the truly human body of Jesus. St. Thomas Aquinas explains:“The body is not said to be animated save from its union with the soul. Now the body of Christ is said to be animated, as the Church chants: ‘Taking an animate body, He deigned to be born of a Virgin' [Feast of the Circumcision, Ant. ii, Lauds]. Therefore in Christ there was a union of soul and body (cf. ST III, q. 2, a. 5, s.c.).”The Hypostatic UnionFully God and fully man, Jesus Christ is the God-Man. The central mystery within the mystery of the Incarnation is how the divinity and humanity of Jesus interact. This mystery is called the hypostatic union. Hypostasis is the Greek word for person. St. John Damascene teaches that “In our Lord Jesus Christ we acknowledge two natures, but one hypostasis composed from both (De Fide Orth. iii, 3, 4, 5). The Catholic Encyclopedia explains of this union:“We speak here of no moral union, no union in a figurative sense of the word; but a union that is physical, a union of two substances or natures so as to make One Person, a union which means that God is Man and Man is God in the Person of Jesus Christ (CE).”St. Thomas Aquinas speaks at length about the nature of the hypostatic union, but one insight that I find most helpful is the difference between assumption and uniting. He speaks of assumption as an action - the Word of God assumed human flesh. This is not wrong to say, but St. Thomas prefers the idea of uniting or becoming. The Word of God became flesh or united with the human flesh of Jesus at His first moment of existence. Here we can already run into problems if we are not careful. Did Jesus have a beginning? Yes! Did the Son of God have a beginning? No! He is begotten, not made, eternal and consubstantial with God the Father. As St. Thomas concisely explains: “Whatever has a beginning in time is created. Now this union was not from eternity, but began in time. Therefore the union is something created (ST III, q. 2, a. 7, s.c.).”There is a true union of divinity and humanity in Christ. But we should not think that the divinity of Christ overpowers and consumes the humanity of Christ. Pope Alexander III, in the 12th Century, quipped: “Since Christ is perfect God and perfect man, what foolhardiness have some to dare to affirm that Christ as man is not a substance?" In other words, the metaphysical substance of the human nature of Christ is real and persists, completely and perfectly united to His divine nature.How did this happen? How were the divinity and humanity of Jesus Christ united, in time? It is by God's grace! It is a true miracle, a unique and singular event. St. Thomas Aquinas echoes St. Augustine when he teaches: “Augustine says (De Praed. Sanct. xv): ‘By the same grace every man is made a Christian, from the beginning of his faith, as this man from His beginning was made Christ.' But this man became Christ by union with the Divine Nature. Therefore this union was by grace (ST III, q. 2, a. 10, s.c.).”Thank you for reading Will Wright Catholic. This post is public so feel free to share it.False Natures of the Incarnation - Heresies about ChristThere is no shortage of false teachings about Jesus Christ. Catholic orthodoxy is a thin line which has been guarded as a precious jewel from apostolic times. Without the authentic measure of orthodoxy provided by the Catholic Church, then any opinion would be fair game. In fact, this is unfortunately the state of affairs in many Protestant communions. Before we further clarify what the Catholic Church teaches truly about Jesus Christ, it is helpful to look at some of the heresies about Christ in the early Church. By looking at what the incarnation is not, we can come to a better understanding of what it is. There is a lot to be said about these heretics and heresies, but I am going to try to keep it brief.ArianismArius was a priest in Constantinople in the late 3rd Century and early 4th Century. He believed that God the Father was uniquely God and Christ was subordinate in every way to the Father. He denied the hypostatic union and believed that Christ was the highest of the creatures of God. No small historical issue, there was a time when the majority of the Church's episcopacy was Arian in belief. Suffice it to say, Catholic orthodoxy was victorious. The Council of Nicaea in 325 A.D., led by the great Saint Athanasius formulated the first version of the Nicene Creed that is professed on Sundays. We believe in “one Lord Jesus Christ… true God of true God… Who took Flesh, became Man and suffered.”NestorianismIn 428 A.D. the Patriarch of Constantinople was a man named Nestorius. He called the union of the two natures a mysterious and an inseparable joining, but would admit no unity in the strict sense of the word to be the result of this joining. The union of the two natures, to Nestorius, is not physical but moral. As he put it “the Word indwells in Jesus like as God indwells in the just.” There is not a true, physical and lasting union of divinity and humanity. To explain his view he said that Mary is the Mother of Christ (Christotokos) but not the Mother of God (Theotokos)Nestorius denied the hypostatic union but, unlike Arius before him, did acknowledge the divinity of Christ. He just did not believe that there was a physical union or substantial union of humanity and divinity. So, to Nestorius, when Christ suffered, He did so in His humanity, not in His divinity. On the contrary, Saint Athansius taught (against Apollinarius) that: “They err who say that it is one person who is the Son that suffered, and another person who did not suffer ...; the Flesh became God's own by nature [kata physin], not that it became consubstantial with the Divinity of the Logos as if coeternal therewith, but that it became God's own Flesh by its very nature [kata physin] (Contra Apollinarium, I, 12, in P.G., XXVI, 1113).”The Council of Ephesus in 431 A.D. condemned Nestorius as a heretic and defined that Mary was mother in the flesh of God's Word made Flesh. In this way, it is right to call her Theotokos or God-bearer. The specific anathema against Nestorianism was written by St. Cyril of Alexandria who wrote extensively on the nature of Christ. He said:“If in the one Christ anyone divides the substances, after they have been once united, and joins them together merely by a juxtaposition [mone symapton autas synapheia] of honour or of authority or of power and not rather by a union into a physical unity [synode te kath henosin physiken], let him be accursed (can. iii).”MonophysitismThe Christological heresies, so-called, did not end with the Council of Ephesus. Eutyches took part in that Council of Ephesus and was fiercely opposed to the teachings of Nestorius. However, he went too far in the other direction. He developed the heresy of Monophysitism which held that there was only one Person in Christ (which is true) but he only held one nature in Christ (which is heretical). His denial was that Christ was “consubstantial with us men” as St. Cyril of Alexandria held. Eutyches was stressing Christ's uniqueness, not intended to deny Christ's full manhood. The error of Eutyches is the cautionary tale of not swinging too far in our refutations.This heresy was condemned by the Council of Chalcedon in 451 A.D. It was formulated in this way:Jesus Christ remained, after the Incarnation, “perfect in Divinity and perfect in humanity… consubstantial with the Father according to His Divinity, consubstantial with us according to His humanity… one and the same Christ, the Son, the Lord, the Only begotten, to be acknowledged in two natures not intermingled, not changed, not divisible, not separable (cf. Denzinger, n. 148).”MonothelitismThe next heresy of monothelitism began orthodox enough. The monothelitists defended the union of two natures in one Divine Person. They went off the rails in saying that this Divine Person only had one divine will - they denied the human will of Jesus.Sacred Scripture teaches us that Jesus Christ has a human will. He performed acts of adoration, humility, and reverence. In the Garden of Gethsemane, He prayed to the Father that the “cup” of His sacrifice and death pass without His drinking it. Praying to the Father in this way, He showed His human aversion to death but also the human act of the will of obedience in saying: “not my will, but thine be done.”Monothelitism was condemned by the Third Council of Constantinople in 680 A.D. They defined that in Christ there were two natural wills and two natural activities, the Divine and the human, and that the human will was not at all contrary to the Divine, but rather perfectly subject thereto (cf. Denzinger, n. 291).The Truth About the Incarnation - Catholic TeachingBy way of summary, what then does the Church authentically teach about the nature of Christ and the hypostatic union? Jesus Christ is a Divine Hypostasis - a Divine Person. The unique hypostatic union of Jesus Christ is the complete union of two natures, one divine and one human, in one Divine Person without change, division, separation, or the like. When the Eternal Word of God took Flesh, there was no change in the Word. All the change that took place was in the Holy Flesh of Christ. At the moment of conception, in the womb of the Blessed Mother, through the forcefulness of God's activity, the human soul of Christ was created and the Word became the man that was conceived. Next Time on WWCNext time on WWC, we will explore the second part of this series on the incarnation. Namely, we will be looking at the effects of the Incarnation on Christ Himself, on the world, and on us! We will also look briefly at what St. Thomas Aquinas had to say on the fittingness of the Incarnation. For example, if mankind had not sinned, would God have still become incarnate?! Stop on by next time and see what the Angelic Doctor had to say. The next part of the series should also be a fruitful reflection for us entering into Christmas! Thanks for reading. See you next time on Will Wright Catholic!Thanks for reading Will Wright Catholic! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit willwrightcatholic.substack.com
Bible Study: (2:10) RV 14:14-19 Father explains how this reading relates to the book of Daniel! LK 21:5-11 Father explains the structure of the temple Mt 25:1-13 What does oil signify? Letters Does Luke 19 refer to Jesus? (19:56) A Hawaiian listener asks Fr. Simon about a Hawaiian folklore—is it angelic or demonic? (27:47) Word of the Day: neo-Nestorianism (24:01)Callers (42:04) Daughters going to yoga. How can I tell them not to go? (44:21) When the angels were thrown out of heaven, were they sent to hell and are there angels in hell? (48:42) What is death according to the Bible?
This evening we will have open forum Q n A for anyone who is interested via Twitter Spaces and Discord chat. Challenging arguments and objections are welcomed: Topics can include Trinity, Deity of Christ, biblical theology, Calvinism, philosophy, transcendental arguments, natural theology, Platonism, Pre-Sorcratics, epistemology, eschatology & preterism, etc.
Considering many things like the popularity of The Chosen, Christmas traditions, children's Sunday School curricula, and religious jewelry, it is obvious that many Christians believe it's good to depict Jesus. But has the church in recent years carefully considered the meaning and extent of the second commandment? Has the church considered its Christology carefully enough? Is the church remembering the ancient heresies of Nestorianism and Monophysitism? The church needs to revisit the second commandment and our doctrine of Christ. Please find "Small Town Theologian" on Apple Podcasts, Podcast Addict, Overcast, Google Podcasts, Spotify, Amazon Music, etc., and SUBSCRIBE. This will ensure you get the latest episode delivered directly to you! Please leave a sincere 5 star rating if you would. Books: To support Small Town Theologian, head to my Amazon authors page HERE and buy some books to read and give away. Blog: smalltowntheologian.org. Associations: Society of Reformed Podcasters & Christian Podcast Community. Check out other Christian and Reformed podcasts. DISCUSSION QUESTIONS FOR FAMILY WORSHIP: (1) If you believe Jesus Christ is true God and true and righteous man, what Biblical argument would you make to justify making images of Jesus? (2) Do images of Jesus help people rightly know God in ways that Scripture does not? (3) Considering the ancient heresy of Nestorianism separates the two natures of Jesus and makes them two persons, how might images of Jesus encourage Nestorianism in the mind and worship of Christians? (4) Are there any examples of artists making God/Jesus in their own image?
Considering many things like the popularity of The Chosen, Christmas traditions, children's Sunday School curricula, and religious jewelry, it is obvious that many Christians believe it's good to depict Jesus. But has the church in recent years carefully considered the meaning and extent of the second commandment? Has the church considered its Christology carefully enough? Is the church remembering the ancient heresies of Nestorianism and Monophysitism? The church needs to revisit the second commandment and our doctrine of Christ. Please find "Small Town Theologian" on Apple Podcasts, Podcast Addict, Overcast, Google Podcasts, Spotify, Amazon Music, etc., and SUBSCRIBE. This will ensure you get the latest episode delivered directly to you! Please leave a sincere 5 star rating if you would. Books: To support Small Town Theologian, head to my Amazon authors page HERE and buy some books to read and give away. Blog: smalltowntheologian.org. Associations: Society of Reformed Podcasters & Christian Podcast Community. Check out other Christian and Reformed podcasts. DISCUSSION QUESTIONS FOR FAMILY WORSHIP: (1) If you believe Jesus Christ is true God and true and righteous man, what Biblical argument would you make to justify making images of Jesus? (2) Do images of Jesus help people rightly know God in ways that Scripture does not? (3) Considering the ancient heresy of Nestorianism separates the two natures of Jesus and makes them two persons, how might images of Jesus encourage Nestorianism in the mind and worship of Christians? (4) Are there any examples of artists making God/Jesus in their own image?
Full Text of ReadingsMonday of the Thirteenth Week in Ordinary Time Lectionary: 377All podcast readings are produced by the USCCB and are from the Catholic Lectionary, based on the New American Bible and approved for use in the United States _______________________________________The Saint of the day is Saint Cyril of AlexandriaSaints are not born with halos around their heads. Cyril, recognized as a great teacher of the Church, began his career as archbishop of Alexandria, Egypt, with impulsive, often violent, actions. He pillaged and closed the churches of the Novatian heretics—who required those who denied the faith to be re-baptized—participated in the deposing of Saint John Chrysostom, and confiscated Jewish property, expelling the Jews from Alexandria in retaliation for their attacks on Christians. Cyril's importance for theology and Church history lies in his championing the cause of orthodoxy against the heresy of Nestorius, who taught that in Christ there were two persons, one human and one divine. The controversy centered around the two natures in Christ. Nestorius would not agree to the title “God-bearer” for Mary. He preferred “Christ-bearer,” saying there are two distinct persons in Christ—divine and human—joined only by a moral union. He said Mary was not the mother of God but only of the man Christ, whose humanity was only a temple of God. Nestorianism implied that the humanity of Christ was a mere disguise. Presiding as the pope's representative at the Council of Ephesus in 431, Cyril condemned Nestorianism and proclaimed Mary truly the “God-bearer”—the mother of the one Person who is truly God and truly human. In the confusion that followed, Cyril was deposed and imprisoned for three months, after which he was welcomed back to Alexandria. Besides needing to soften some of his opposition to those who had sided with Nestorius, Cyril had difficulties with some of his own allies, who thought he had gone too far, sacrificing not only language but orthodoxy. Until his death, his policy of moderation kept his extreme partisans under control. On his deathbed, despite pressure, he refused to condemn the teacher of Nestorius. Reflection Lives of the saints are valuable not only for the virtue they reveal but also for the less admirable qualities that also appear. Holiness is a gift of God to us as human beings. Life is a process. We respond to God's gift, but sometimes with a lot of zigzagging. If Cyril had been more patient and diplomatic, the Nestorian church might not have risen and maintained power so long. But even saints must grow out of immaturity, narrowness, and selfishness. It is because they—and we—do grow, that we are truly saints, persons who live the life of God. Saint of the Day, Copyright Franciscan Media
Monday of the 13th Week in Ordinary Time Optional Memorial of St. Cyril of Alexandria, 378-444; as archbishop of Alexandria, he fought Nestorianism, a heresy which taught that there were two persons in Christ, one human and one divine; at the Council of Ephesus in 431, Cyril proclaimed Mary truly the "God-bearer," from whence comes her traditional title, "Mother of God" Office of Readings and Morning Prayer for 6/27/22 Gospel: Matthew 8:18-22
Understanding the dual nature of Christ is key to understanding who God is. This is part two of a two-part episode exploring this topic. This also wraps up our ongoing series on doctrine, for now...Subscribe to our podcast on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Spotify, Stitcher, or wherever you listen to your podcasts. Coming soon to Apple Music!Reach out to us on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram with your take on this discussion.Visit our home on the web: 2pentecostals.com
Coffee and Catechesis The Month of May and the Glories of Mary Opening Prayer: Memorare Attempt with Coffee and Catechesis to recall the fundamentals of our faith.Since it is May, it's the perfect opportunity to do a review of Mary's role in salvation history.Mary's humble role as dependent upon Christ. Walkthrough of Mary's role in our salvation. Mary's Involvement in Salvation History: Genesis 3:15Prophecy of a “new Eve” and proto-evangelion Birth of Christ: Matthew's Gospel quotes Isaiah's prophecy – a virgin will conceive and bear a son, and his name will be Emmanuel. Immaculate Conception and Perpetual VirginityWhile conceived in a natural way by Joachim and Ann, Mary was at the moment of her conception freed from the stain (macula) of original sin on her soul.“The blessed ever-virginal and immaculate Mary conceived, without seed, by the Holy Spirit, and without loss of integrity brought him forth, and after his birth preserved her virginity inviolate.”These work together as logical counterparts based on the effects of original sin. In the early Church, there were two errors that were spreading: Pelagianism and Nestorianism.Pelagius: Jesus was a really super guy, but not God.Nestorius: there was no union between the human and divine natures, and Mary bore only the human nature.Council of Nicaea: Christ was fully God and fully humanCouncil of Ephesus: hypostatic union – “consubstantial with the Father”Therefore: Mary was the Mother of God Incarnate (Theotokos) Assumption of MaryBased on Revelation 12:1-2, “enmity,” and Psalm 132 & the ark being restored to Jerusalem“Having completed the course of her earthly life…” – did she die?What we know: God brought Mary body and soul into heaven. Other teachings not solemnly definedQueen of HeavenMediatrix of all gracesMother of the Church[Co-redemptrix] Marian Devotion Catacombs in the 250's, Mother of God in Jerusalem in 350 Churches erected after Ephesus in 431 to defend her title Carmel – 12th Century hermits in the Holy Land European bent: Bernard of Clairvaux (13th Century) Protestant Reformation and Our Lady of Guadalupe in 16th Century 16th Century official endorsement of the Rosary (Our Lady of Victory, Oct. 7) Three Levels of Marian Devotion (Fr. Garrigou-Lagrange) Occasional Prayers (Hail Mary, Salve Regina, Memorare) Daily devotion (devout recitation of the Rosary) Total Consecration (gained popularity in 18th Century through de Montfort's book) The Secret of the Rosary The Spirituality of Mary
A daily news briefing from Catholic News Agency, powered by artificial intelligence. Ask your smart speaker to play “Catholic News,” or listen every morning wherever you get podcasts. www.catholicnewsagency.com - An ambulance blessed and donated by Pope Francis to the authorities in Lviv, western Ukraine, is on its way. Cardinal Konrad Krajewski, who runs the pope's charitable office, left Rome on Saturday afternoon to drive the ambulance to Ukraine. Pope Francis donated the ambulance to Ukrainian authorities to assist with medical treatment as the city responds to the influx of people seeking safety from shelling in the capital Kyiv and other parts of the country. Around 6.5 million people have been displaced from their homes within Ukraine since Russia's full-scale invasion. https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/250810/vatican-cardinal-brings-ambulance-from-pope-francis-to-ukraine “Enough. Stop it. Silence the weapons. Move seriously toward peace.” This is what Pope Francis said in remarks after the Sunday Angelus, referring to the war in Ukraine. The pope said war should not be something that is inevitable, and he begged every political leader to reflect on how each day of war worsens the situation for everyone. On Friday, the pope consecrated humanity and especially Russia and Ukraine to the Immaculate Heart of Mary. That prayer of consecration was joined by scores of bishops, priests and lay faithful from around the world. Pope Francis thanked everyone for “such a huge and intense participation.” https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/250807/enough-end-war-before-it-ends-us-pope-francis-says-as-ukraine-invasion-continues A new Arabic-language Catholic news website, launched on Friday, aims to tell the stories of Christians in the region, with a focus on the Churches of the East and persecuted Christians. The Association for Catholic Information Middle East and North Africa, or ACI MENA, will publish original news content in Arabic using a network of correspondents across the region. The news agency will operate from the campus of Erbil's Catholic University. To view the website, go to A C I, M E N A dot com. https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/250797/archbishop-warda-aci-mena-catholic-news-agency-in-arabic-launches-in-iraq https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/250788/ewtn-aci-mena-arabic-language-news-agency-erbil-iraq Today the Church celebrates Saint Sixtus the third, the 44th Pope, who approved the results of the Council of Ephesus and actively protested against the heresies of Nestorianism and Pelagianism. He restored many Roman basilicas and corresponded frequently with St. Augustine of Hippo. https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/saint/st-sixtus-iii-pope-190
In this episode I talk about how Jesus Christ is true God and true Man. That is, two natures, one Divine and one human, united in the One Divine Person of the Son. This is what is called the “hypostatic union”. The Divine nature is perfect and complete, and in that sense, Jesus Christ is perfect God. On the other hand, the human nature is perfect and complete, and in that sense, Jesus Christ is perfect man. However, both natures are united on one only Divine Person, the Second Person of the Holy Trinity, the Son. There is NO HUMAN PERSON in Jesus Christ. I speak about the heresies of Gnostic Docetism, Arianism and Nestorianism. Finally, I explain how the Virgin Mary is properly called the Mother of God, and this was defined by the council of Ephesus in the year 431 A.D. I end the episode considering the most ancient recorded prayer to the Virgin Mary, the “Sub Tuum Praesidium” or “We fly to thy protection”. And at the end, I play a recording of this Marian Hymn sung by our Miles Christi seminarians. All these concepts can be found in the Catechism of the Catholic Church, numbers 461-478. Sub Tuum Praesidium Prayer text in English (We fly to Thy Patronage): We fly to thy protection, O holy Mother of God. Despise not our petitions in our necessities, but deliver us always from all dangers, O glorious and blessed Virgin. Sub Tuum Praesidium Prayer in Latin: Sub tuum praesidium confugimus, Sancta Dei Genetrix. Nostras deprecationes ne despicias in necessitatibus, sed a periculis cunctis libera nos semper, Virgo gloriosa et benedicta. Sub Tuum Praesidium Chant (free download): https://www.mileschristi.org/wp-content/schola/20_Sub_tuum_praesidium.mp3 - The “Sub Tuum Praesidium” chanted by the Miles Christi seminarians is used with permission. - Fr. Patrick Wainwright is a priest of Miles Christi, a Catholic Religious Order. - Miles Christi Religious Order website: https://www.mileschristi.org - This Podcast's Website: https://www.forcollegecatholics.org - To learn about the Spiritual Exercises (silent weekend retreat), visit: https://www.mileschristi.org/spiritual-exercises/ - Recorded at our Family Center in South Lyon, Michigan. - Intro music from pond5.com
In this episode, I deconstruct the various heresies promoted by Jesse Lee Peterson; specifically, the heresies of Arianism and Nestorianism as debunked by the Bible and Church Fathers.YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtMjnFbRQplYQNi9pLhePlQ My Books: https://www.amazon.com/Michael-Witcoff/e/B01MY2T1U1/ref=dp_byline_cont_pop_ebooks_1Audio And Speeches: https://gumroad.com/witcoffConnect With Me On Gab: https://gab.com/BrotherAugustineShop: https://www.redbubble.com/shop/ap/84550858
© 2020-2025 Ivy Podcast Discovery LLC
