This Pathological Life Podcast

One of the important jobs of a doctor is to prescribe medications. Unfortunately, it also happens to be one of the most challenging. Pharmacokinetics, physiology, and drug-to-drug interactions are just some of the challenges that doctors deal with every day. It is becoming more apparent that for medications and one size (dose) does not fit them all. In addition, it the role of genetics is also becoming increasingly important for the drugs that suit, and don't suit, individual patients. Our special guest for this episode is Professor Graeme Suthers to help us shed light on this area of Pharmacogenetics. SPECIAL GUEST Professor Graeme Suthers BSc (Med), MBBS, PhD, FRACP, FRCPA, GAICD Prof Suthers is Sonic Healthcare' Director of Genetics. He is one of Australia's most respected experts in the field of genetics, and is nationally and internationally recognised for his expertise in genetic disorders, testing and clinical service provision. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In the 1920's, Pearl Buck searched for an answer to her 3 year old daughters intellectually disability. Unfortunately, no-one could help her because her daughter's condition was not yet known. From the mid 1930s to the 1960s, a remarkable sequence of events led to the discovery of Phenylketonuria (PKU), accurate testing and widespread screening that revolutionised early detection of childhood disease(s) It was also around the same time (mid 1930s) that some young children were believed to be dying of Coeliac disease. One child had an unusual findings in their pancreas. Further investigation revealed other children with the same finding. This was not Coeliac disease, it was Cystic Fibrosis (of the pancreas). As more was learnt about this disease, children began to live longer with improved quality of life. Over the span of 90 years, the average life expectance for a person with Cystic Fibrosis went from 6 months to close to 50 years. Our special guest for this episode is Professor Graeme Suthers. NB. The voice of Pearl Buck was generously recorded by Christine Helen Coombe. We appreciate all submissions via our social media request. SPECIAL GUEST Professor Graeme Suthers BSc (Med), MBBS, PhD, FRACP, FRCPA, GAICD Prof Suthers is Sonic Healthcare' Director of Genetics. He is one of Australia's most respected experts in the field of genetics, and is nationally and internationally recognised for his expertise in genetic disorders, testing and clinical service provision. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The computing world has come a long way in less than 100 years. Since Alan Turing introduced his paper ‘Computing Machinery and Intelligence' in 1950, we have not only achieved the ‘Turing Test' of Artificial Intelligence, but exceeded it. This episode takes a look at Digital Pathology and the prospects of Artificial Intelligence particularly in relation to Anatomical Pathology. Our special guest is Dr Joseph Anderson Dr Joseph Anderson Bio Connect on LinkedIn  Dr. Joseph Anderson, the host of Digital Pathology Today, is a consultant to early stage and mature companies in the digital pathology and molecular diagnostics space. Previously, he oversaw the clinical pathology group at Genomic Health as the Oncotype Dx Breast Cancer Assay grew to a volume of over half a million tests. He was also involved in the development of new products, including assays for DCIS, Colon Cancer and one of the first commercially available liquid biopsies. He served the College of American Pathologists on the Molecular Oncology Committee, with responsibility for proficiency testing in biomarkers for lung cancer in the United States and across the world and as a member of the House of Delegates representing the State of California. He has served on several working groups and committees for the American Medical Association for CPT coding and reimbursement and assessment of new technologies such as next generation sequencing. Upon graduating from the University of Minnesota Medical School, Dr. Anderson completed residency in Anatomic and Clinical Pathology at Rush University, fellowship in Oncologic Pathology at Fox Chase Cancer Center and post-doctoral training in Molecular Diagnostics at UCSF. He initially worked in private practice, credentialed at 17 various hospitals and surgery centers. Digital pathology Today Link: https://www.digitalpathologytoday.com Digital Pathology Today™ is your podcast all about the world of digital pathology.      See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Cholesterol is an essential component of our cells. It is synthesized by our cells and affected by dietary, lifestyle, and genetic factors. Unfortunately, cholesterol for doctors can feel like a moving target as different guidelines have different recommendations, new measurements can appear on reports (ie Non-HDL), and it is a constantly evolving topic for research In this episode, we talk to one of Australia's foremost expert in Cholesterol, Professor Ken Sikaris. This podcast is eligible for 1 RACGP CPD point – self reporting. Associate Professor Ken Sikaris Bio KEN trained in science then medicine at Melbourne university before becoming a pathologist in 1992. He worked for several years at St Vincent's hospital in Melbourne including running a specialist lipid/cholesterol laboratory performing research as well as seeing hundreds of patients in the lipid/cholesterol clinic. Since then he has worked in private pathology and currently in his job as chemical pathology director he supervises testing on thousands of patients each day - including thousands of cholesterol tests. He is well known internationally in the fields of pathology Quality and how we define the decision limits we use to interpret blood tests. Ken has several YouTube's on the low carb down under site (with a total of over half a million views) and some may have seen him as Professor Blood in the Australian documentary ‘That Sugar Film'. Bio Link: https://www.mps.com.au/about-us/pathologists/assoc-prof-ken-sikaris/ YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OyzPEii-wo0 That Sugar Film: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lsnk8s6JNIQ See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

“I die before my time, killed by the English oligarchy and its hired assassins.” These are the words of Napoleon Bonaparte dictated in his last will and testament on his death bed. Napoleon is undoubtedly one of the world's greatest Generals. During his life, France become a global power. The man responsible for the Napoleonic wars and had previously escaped exile before, was captured again following the defeat at the Battle of Waterloo and exiled a second time to the island of St Helena in the Pacific. The official cause of death concluded by an autopsy was stomach cancer. However, his death is surrounded by controversy. Did the British have him killed? Was he poisoned with arsenic? Was his body swapped before or after his death? In this episode we discuss the life & death of Napoleon Bonaparte, gastric cancer and some of the conspiracy theories surrounding the Great General's demise. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia is a difficult diagnosis for patients, families, and clinicians. The vast array of symptoms, affected organs, and complex genetics often mean that it can take years (if not longer) for it to be diagnosed. In addition, the impact for the patient is significant as it is a familial disease that is autosomal dominant with very high penetrance. These syndromes were only identified around the 1960s. However, clinical suspicions were unable to be confirmed as the molecular/genetic techniques only in its infancy. It is a rare condition but one that is critical to recognise early to ensure we provide the best care and management for patients and their families. Special Guest Mark A. Lewis, MD, is director of gastrointestinal oncology at Intermountain Healthcare in Utah. Specializing in cancers of the gastrointestinal tract and accessory organs, his interests focus on hereditary cancer syndromes and young-onset cancers, shared decision-making, and patient-physician communication. The death of his father not only took a huge emotional toll on Lewis, but also piqued his intellectual curiosity. Lewis' paternal uncle and grandfather both died of rare cancer types and then Lewis was diagnosed with a suspicious symptom himself – hypercalcemia, or high levels of calcium – something his father had also experienced. As Lewis completed his medical training and established his current position as a haematologist/oncologist at Intermountain Healthcare in Utah, his PNETs were serially monitored. After the dominant PNET changed, crossing a threshold of concern, he had surgery and has documented the experience. Lewis had another special person in mind though and says, “I wanted my son, who has inherited MEN1 from me and may one day require pancreatic surgery himself, to have a record of my own operation.” Quote: “Pancreatic cancer need not be viewed as a death sentence.” REFERENCE pancan.org/news/quest-understand-fathers-illness-young-doctor-discovers/ See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Coeliac disease has been recognised since the times of Ancient Greece. This is a malabsorption disease that causes abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, bloating, diarrhoea, and leaves sufferers starved of nutrients. The offending protein is Gluten which is found in wheat, rye, and barley. It was a Dutch Paediatrician by the name of Dr Willem Dicke who discovered the link between Gluten and Coeliac disease around the 1940s. This arose from the keen observation of a young patient's mother to the devastation and starvation of the Hunger Winter in World War 2. This is a story like no other. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Leprosy the disease, is rife with myths and false beliefs. In 1863, Hawaii recognised leprosy an official public health threat. In 1865, a law of segregation was enacted forcing sufferers to Kalaupapa on Molokai island. As fate would have it, St Damien of Molokai (canonized in 2009) was there to serve. His role was that of a model Priest and his feats were super-human. However, local legends are not always a perfect reflection of historical events, and Damien the man can be lost in St Damien the hero. Leprosy is a terrible disease but it is much less contagious than commonly thought. Its historical significance may have heightened due to inter-language Biblical translation over centuries. In any event, it is a fascinating disease and one worth knowing more about. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Lead has been used for thousands of years. And why not? This is a metal that is abundant, pliable, has a low melting point, and does not easily corrode. However, even our ancestors knew that those who worked closely with it often became sick. Called Saturnism by the Ancient Romans, lead poisoning was known to cause a pale appearance, intestinal problems, paralysis, delirium, and even death. We have not escaped the perils of lead in our modern times. Petrol, paint, construction, ammunition, cosmetics, toys, etc. have at all included lead at some point in time. Recent regulations have reduced the exposure of the general population. However, we are not immune from contamination and outbreaks as recent history has shown. GUEST INTERVIEW This episode includes an interview with special guest, Dennis Strenk, Milwaukee Pathologists' Assistant, CFO and Board of Trustees member of the AAPA and People of Pathology Podcast host [peopleofpathology.podbean.com] See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In June 1981, the CDC reported an article of 5 men who presented with Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). PCP is an opportunistic infection more commonly found immunosuppressed patients (ie. patients receiving chemotherapy for cancer). The 5 men were young and otherwise healthy. They were also all homosexual. In July 1981, another CDC article reported 26 men who presented with PCP as well as Kaposi sarcoma. Kaposi sarcoma is a rare blood vessel tumour. This could not be a coincidence and the world was on the precipice of a pandemic that would kill millions and unleash a wave of homophobia, prejudice and demonization. Fortunately, today, HIV is a manageable disease and patients can continue to live productive and healthy lives which could not be further from this once terminal diagnosis. This is the story of HIV. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The rise of the tobacco industry and prevalence of smoking has significantly shaped the health (or lack of) in the last century. In 1900s, lung cancer was rare. 60 years later, it was the top cause of cancer deaths in men and second in women. This remains the case to this day. However, as the evidence mounted against smoking, the tobacco industry was not going to let studies, public health or facts get in the way of such a promising albeit fatal product. Fortunately, the risks and diseases associated with cigarettes are well known today. Unfortunately, the rates of smoking worldwide are still very high and accounts for approximately 8 million deaths per year. However, the a new product has emerged in the last two decades called ‘heated tobacco' and Vaping. We explore what we know, and what we don't about this new trend. Every disease has a story to tell - Dr Travis Brown This Pathological Life podcast is brought to you by Clinpath Pathology in South Australia See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Hodgkin Lymphoma, formerly known as Hodgkin disease, is a cancer of the lymph node(s). First described by Thomas Hodgkin (1832) where he wrote a paper titled ‘On Some Morbid Appearances of the Absorbent (now Lymphatic) Glands and Spleen'. However, the significance of this did not become apparent until decades later. Hodgkin Lymphoma is the most common malignancy of adolescents and young adults. This used to be a fatal disease but because of meticulous studies, research, modern medicine and advances in treatment, the prognosis is excellent. Our interview is with Dr Bradley Webster, Histopathologist specialising in Uropathology and Lymphoid Pathology and this section of the podcast is eligible for 1 RACGP CPD point – self reporting. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Fragile X is the most common form of inherited intellectually disability. It is a sex-linked chromosomal disorder that affects boys much more commonly than girls. However, it took some ingenious foresight combined with advancing genetic techniques in the 1970s and 1980s to isolate the exact cause of this condition. This is a challenging diagnosis for General Practitioners, Specialists, Patients and their families. A multi-disciplinary approach is essential and, as Professor Graeme Suthers always says ‘listen to your patients and don't be afraid to seek advice'. This podcast is eligible for 1 RACGP CPD point – self reporting. GUEST HOST & INTERVIEW Professor Graeme Suthers BSc (Med), MBBS, PhD, FRACP, FRCPA, GAICD Prof Suthers is Sonic Healthcare' Director of Genetics. He is one of Australia's most respected experts in the field of genetics, and is nationally and internationally recognised for his expertise in genetic disorders, testing and clinical service provision. clinpath.com.au/about-us/clinpath-leadership/our-pathologists/professor-graeme-suthers/ This Pathological Life is produced by Clinpath Pathology in South Australia. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Information in the past (ergo knowledge) was restricted to the few. However, the social media landscape provides individuals with their personal megaphone to the world. As most are aware, there are numerous benefits this provides, such as engaging directly with an audience. However, these benefits have to be balanced with a price, namely personal data and professional boundaries. Traditionally, Medical Practitioners, Doctors, and Specialists have approached social media cautiously. We discuss the pros and cons of medical practitioners accessing/using social media with Lee Aase, Director, Mayo Clinic Social Media Network and Mayo Clinic's Social & Digital Innovation team. For Lee, he has been working in the social medial field for over twenty years from politics to medical institutions. We discuss what information is being collected, how that can be used, and the best way Doctors can use social media. GUEST INTERVIEW Lee Aase Director, Mayo Clinic Social Media Network Aase.lee@mayo.edu | @LeeAase Lee Aase is director of the Mayo Clinic Social Media Network, which provides training resources, educational and networking events and a collaboration platform for health care professionals who want to safely and effectively apply social and digital strategies to fight disease, promote health and improve health care. Lee also leads Mayo Clinic's Social & Digital Innovation team, which manages Mayo Clinic's presence on general purpose social networks like Facebook, YouTube and Twitter as well as its owned blog and community platform. Key sites include Mayo Clinic Connect, an online patient community, Mayo Clinic News Network, and Sharing Mayo Clinic, a patient stories blog. Prior to joining Mayo Clinic in 2000, Lee spent more than a decade in political and government communications at the local, state and federal level. He was elected to Mayo Clinic's Voting Staff in 2016. In 2018 he received VitalSmarts certification as a trainer in the Getting Things Done (GTD) methodology for stress-free productivity. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In 1901, an experiment when horribly wrong when Doctors attempted to induce tolerance in to a group of dogs by repeated injections of poison. The results were reproducible. Furthermore, the substance did not even need to be poisonous. In 1902, the reaction was called Anaphylaxis. In the 1920s, a spate of Scientists and Doctors self-experimentation led to a range of discoveries about food allergies and reactions. Injecting skin, injecting nasal turbinates, and injection volunteers (including children) helped us to understand the different types of reactions the gastrointestinal tract can have to different foods allergens. Join us as we discuss Part Two to our Allergies Podcast with Dr Daman Langguth and learn our current understanding of Anaphylaxis and food allergies. This podcast is eligible for 1 RACGP CPD point – self reporting. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Our immune system provides the means for us to live in a world full of pathogens. However, sometimes it gets it wrong and we can find ourselves debilitated because of our own immune system. Allergies and hypersensitivies fall into this category, with symptoms ranging from the mildly irritating, to the life-threatening anaphylaxis. Our knowledge of these ailments come from a variety of observational and experimental studies. In the late 1800's and early 1900's, they did not understand the immune system nor allergies. Terms used to describe these diseases (that we know today as allergies) were Summer colds, Summer flu, Hay-asthma, and Hay-fever. The causes were unknown, the treatment ranged from experimental to dangerous and the Scientists often used themselves as the study subjects/volunteers. However, it took some clever minds and quite a bit of courage (not to mention a lot of dogs and other experimental animals) to gather the understanding of these conditions that we have today. Our special guest is Dr Daman Langguth Head of Immunology Department Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology (SNP), Chair of SNP Partners, Member of Executive Advisory Committee, Chair of the Data Request Committee. Daman has particular expertise in the investigation of auto-immune disease, allergy, and immune deficiency and has special interests in idiopathic inflammatory myositis, vasculitis, IgG4-related systemic disease and e-Health. SNP's Immunology Department is the largest laboratory of its kind in Australia. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In 1952, George Papanicolaou with the National Cancer Institute embarked on the first ever cervical screening trial. The results were remarkable and the first demonstration of the power of screening an asymptomatic population. However, the path to this point took decades of perseverance and self-belief. This feat changed the course of medicine and can be attributed to two people: George and Mary Papanicolaou. Cervical screening is one of the most effective screening programs ever initiated. Combined with the recent advancements of HPV molecular testing and the HPV vaccine, Cervical cancer is now relatively uncommon and has an excellent prognosis. SPECIAL GUEST Dr Cos Fusco Doctor of Health Science, Master of Medical Science (Pathology) Fellow of the International Academy of Cytology CT(ASC) Australian Society of Cytology Currently Supervising Cytologist Clinpath Pathology Additionally, Dr Fusco is a current committee member of the RCPAQAP Cytopathology advisory committee 2019-2023 and Scientific coordinator (SA) for The IMPACT National HPV study. He started his cytology training in 1986 at the then Gribbles Pathology. He worked in Cytology and Histology at Gribbles, IMVS, Clinpath and Adelaide Pathology Partners. In 2006, Dr Fusco started the Cytology laboratory at Adelaide Pathology Partners at the invitation of Dr Fergus Whitehead, and continued with this role post merger with Clinpath Pathology. His Doctoral Thesis was based on HPV HR DNA testing, HPV vaccination and molecular biomarkers and the potential impacts, on the Australian cervical screening program. Cervical cancer and HPV related cancers are an interest and a focus for research. He has a strong interest and involvement in Endobronchial Ultrasound FNA (EBUS FNA) collection for lung cancer staging and diagnosis. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Health records are arguably the single most important and personal collection of data anyone can have. With records containing doctor visits, consultation notes, pathology results, radiology reports, medications, allergies, etc., it is hard to overstate its significance. In fact, these records can save lives. The Australian Government has implemented an opt-out arrangement for MyHealthRecord and as such, there has been a rise in the number of records available. However, this venture has not been without its stumbles, detractors, and challenges. We discuss medical records with Dr Chris Moy, who has been a national leader in developing and promoting My Health Record, the electronic ‘filing system' of Australians' individual health histories.  GUEST INTERVIEW AMA(SA) President Dr Chris Moy MBBS, FRACGP, FAMA sa.ama.com.au/council digitalhealth.gov.au/dr-chris-moy See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

COVID-19: Testing the strength of nations As the pandemic continues to rage, we take a snapshot in time about our current understanding from an epidemiological, pathological, microbiological and immunological viewpoint of COVID-19. This pandemic has tested the Governments, Politicians and the Public Health of nations; some have responded valiantly; others have been found lacking. The deviation from our regular style podcast is because we are living the COVID story. Our special guest is Dr Daman Langguth Head of Immunology Department Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology (SNP), Chair of SNP Partners, Member of Executive Advisory Committee, Chair of the Data Request Committee. Daman has particular expertise in the investigation of auto-immune disease, allergy, and immune deficiency and has special interests in idiopathic inflammatory myositis, vasculitis, IgG4-related systemic disease and e-Health. SNP's Immunology Department is the largest laboratory of its kind in Australia. Known for pushing the boundaries and pioneering new technologies it is acknowledged as the most advanced flow cytometry lab in diagnostic practice. With Australia's most diverse range of autoantibody assays, the lab is also at the forefront of autoantibody testing. In a partnership with a UQ engineering research team it is breaking new ground in digital pathology and image analysis.  See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Caitlan Davis starts Episode 26 with, "In the spirit of reconciliation Clinpath Pathology acknowledges the Traditional Custodians of country throughout Australia and their connections to land, sea and community. We pay our respect to their elders past and present and extend that respect to all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples today. Today's episode of This Pathological Life, looks at Indigenous Health and its intersection with Pathology, along with health issues and challenges among Australia's first European settlers. But first... First Australians meet the First Fleet The American revolution forced the British to investigate alternate destinations for penal colonies. The answer came from a Botanist who travelled with Captain James Cook in 1770 to a land they called New South Wales. With the decision made, this ‘new' land would be forever changed. The First Fleet took a year to prepare and eight months to voyage to New South Wales and suffered from a variety of ailments (which we examine) on the way. What we now call Australia, is a hard, dry unexpected land, which proved difficult for Europeans to manage and adjust.  Yet Indigenous/Aboriginals survived and thrived in this land.  This episode explores Aboriginal medical knowledge with Dan Tyson, Chief Executive Officer at Desert Knowledge Australia from the year 1788, when the land was quite diverse in geographical areas and Aboriginal people were quite diverse in their technologies to survive. We ponder the recurring question of how when bush medicine and food is still used in many places today, why the health of the Australian Indigenous Communities remains so poor. This is the tale of two worlds. GUEST INTERVIEW Dan Tyson, CEO Desert Knowledge Australia Twitter: @dka_connect LinkedIn Dan: linkedin.com/in/dan-tyson-8215636/ LinkedIn DKA: linkedin.com/company/dkaconnect/ Dan is currently member of the AMSANT Research Committee and a member of the Central Region Executive of the Chamber of Commerce however, and has also been a director of the Aboriginal Medical Services Alliance of the NT (AMSANT), and previously director and vice-chair of Katherine Regional Aboriginal Health and Related Services. He co-founded the Aboriginal Business Industry Chamber of South Australia (ABICSA) and the Mental Health Coalition of SA. Dan holds a PhD in the field of medical anthropology and has worked extensively in the mainstream and Indigenous health sectors. OTHER VOICES Doris Pilkington, author, Follow The Rabbit Proof Fence Joylene Koolmatrie, Aboriginal Healer and Psychologist Kenneth Branagh, Rabbit Proof Fence Rev John Brown, co-chair, National Sorry Day Committee Sir Ronald Wilson, co-author, Bringing Them Home Report See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

From our first Episode #1 "What is Pathology?", we have enjoyed the journey we have travelled and feedback to date is encouraging. In these (pandemic) times, remaining connected is as important as ongoing education and from here at Clinpath Pathology, providing this channel has been as good for us, as it has been for our listeners.  In this episode #25 we reflect over 12 different pathology (pathological) podcasts and what each of these 12 has given us - whether this be an eye opening story, an honoured guest, a realisation of the 'Dunning–Kruger effect', a stumbling over big words, big personalities and big guests, or the unravelling of tales behind the useful things discovered through science that end up being not so good for humans. Steve reflects, "A spoonful of podcast helps the medicine go down."  There have been many where the pathologist's lens to a topic really shines, such as alcohol (a good one to listen to before the Christmas period). We hope everyone has a safe Christmas and look forward to Season #2 SPECIAL GUEST Producer Charlie-Helen Robinson See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The discovery of radiation was a monumental achievement in human history. Marie Curie isolated Radium and Polonium from the mineral pitchblende, and received two Nobel Prizes for this achievement (Physics 1903 and Chemistry 1911). She was clearly a genius, however, not even Marie anticipated the dangers inherent with this material. The interest in Radium exploded and it became a key ingredient in medicine, make-up, and toothpaste. The most notable was for the ‘Undark' paint that literally glowed. The women workers, now known as the Radium girls, used this paint in the early twentieth century to paint the hands of watches/clocks. The results were devastating and fatal. Our episode's final destination, takes us into the remote region of South Australia, where 7 atomic bombs were detonated by the British between 1956 and 1963… destroying the land and killing indigenous and non-indigenous people alike. A human history we must remember for the sheer tragedy of it. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The implications for Healthcare to lose control or access to the IT systems is literally life threatening. The first confirmed fatality occurred when a Ransomware attack unintentionally struck a German University Hospital in September 2020. There have been over 80 public cases of Ransomware attacks occurred in the US targeting Healthcare institutions in 2020. These are on the rise as Healthcare provides an attractive target with dated IT software, time critical data, and private patient information that can be used and leveraged, even if the target reverts to back-ups. With hospitals left in a no-win situation, they will often pay the ransom to (hopefully) restore access to their systems/data but also increases the likelihood of future attacks. Our special guests: Dr Nick Tellis MBBS, FRACGP GP and Owner PartridgeGP Adjunct Senior Lecturer at Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health https://partridgegp.me/DrNickTellisLinkedIn  John Stronner Chief Executive Officer | Loftus Technology Group Certified Data Protection Officer https://www.linkedin.com/in/johnstronnar/ Dr Nick tellis Bio: Dr Nick Tellis is a specialist GP who has been working in General Practice since 2002 and has owned general practices since 2007.  Every Australian should have their own GP and General Practice, and use them regularly and appropriately. If that is PartridgeGP and one of our helping GPs that's even better. We can help! Here to Help - 3 ways! 1. You're a patient wanting a Great GP! Book one of the caring PartridgeGPs online: http://partridgegp.me/makeanappointment  2. You're a great GP/Allied Health Professional wanting PartridgeGP to provide you awesome services, facilities, and team so you can serve patients to the best of your ability: www.partridgegp.com.au https://partridgegp.me/DrNickTellisFB  call Mrs Hayley Roberts 08 8295 3200 3. You're a small business owner looking to network and grow your amazing business! Coffee and chat with Dr Nick Tellis: https://partridgegp.me/DrNickTellisLinkedIn  http://partridgegp.me/networkwithdrnick  See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Humans have always had a complex relationship with drugs: some help us; some heal us; and some hurt us. The problem with the drugs of addiction is they can do all of three. However, long term use of these inevitably leads to dependence where, once ceased, will lead to withdraw symptoms. The ‘highs' and addictiveness combined with the potency of the drugs can have fatal consequences. In this podcast we delve into these Drugs of Addiction (namely Opioids, Amphetamines, Cannabinoids, Cocaine, and Benzodiazepines) to explore their sordid history and discuss how we test for them today. Our special guest: Dr Devika Thomas BSc (Hons), MBBS, M Surg, MAACB, CCD, FRCPA, PhD Clinpath Pathology Medical Director, Executive Team Director of Chemical Pathology https://www.clinpath.com.au/about-us/clinpath-leadership/our-pathologists/dr-devika-thomas/ This podcast is eligible for 1 RACGP CPD point – self reporting. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Health data is the most personal official records we will ever have. It can contain everything from the medications we regularly take, all the way through to documenting discussions about some of our most troubling times. It does not get any more personal than our own Health Data. This is part of a series of podcasts we are undertaking on Health Information Technology. We look at Governmental Regulation of Health Data and get a sneak peek at the advances in A.I. embryology. The song quoted was written by Mark Hoppus and Tom Delonge, Blink-182. Our special guests: Andrew Andrews Vice President Data Management Association Australia https://au.linkedin.com/in/andrewandrews Dr Michelle Perugini Co-Founder & CEO Presagen www.Presagen.com https://au.linkedin.com/in/michelleperugini See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In 1983, Dr Robin Warren and Dr Barry Marshall embarked upon a study to investigate the significance of bacterial found in the stomachs of ulcer patients. This journey would take them over a decade to complete and was riddled with self-doubt, persistent scepticism, and challenging centuries of medical dogma but their persistence ultimately led to the highest accolade in Medicine. Oh, and a bout of bad breath. Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative bacteria that has evolved with humans. With an estimated worldwide prevalence of up to 50%, this organism has found a survival niche where it is perfectly suited to thrive in the stomach's highly acidic environment. Unfortunately for those of us who have it, it will cause inflammation (gastritis) but can eventually lead to cancer (gastric adenocarcinoma). Our interview is with Professor Barry Marshall who navigates the lows of persistent knockbacks through to the worldwide tour that lead to the Nobel Prize in 2005. Professor Barry Marshall Nobel Prize Laureate and Professor of Clinical Microbiology The discovery by Dr Warren and Professor Marshall has benefited millions of people, maybe saving a million lives over the last 10 or 20 years. Barry James Marshall AC FRACP FRS FAA is an Australian physician, Nobel Prize Laureate in Physiology or Medicine, and Professor of Clinical Microbiology at the University of Western Australia. https://www.uwa.edu.au/profile/barry-marshall Additional links of interest: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(05)67587-3/fulltext  https://www.science.org.au/learning/general-audience/history/interviews-australian-scientists/professor-barry-marshall/teacher  See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Since ancient times, all manner of diseases have been attributed to the uterus. Theories range from a wandering womb yearning for motherhood to the psychological disorder of hysteria that was contagious. The treatment of women with these 'diseases' were reprehensible and the some of the outcomes were nothing short of tragic. Fortunately, we have come a long way to understanding the plethora of gynaecological conditions and treatments. In this episode, we examine the pathology of endometriosis. What the world needs more of right now, is everyone talking about women's health. Steve Davis and Dr Travis Brown discuss this history from antiquity to the twenty-first century. However, they did call on special guest Dr Nicole Sladden to keep them in check. This podcast episode is eligible for 1 RACGP CPD point – self reporting. Dr Nicole Sladden MBBS, FRCPA Bio Link: https://www.clinpath.com.au/about-us/clinpath-leadership/our-pathologists/dr-nicole-sladden/   See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

'You have cancer' It must be the most dreaded sentence in modern society. Our fear of cancer is well founded and for those suffering from Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia (CML), before 1999, there was only a slim chance of survival. Caused by a single translocation called the Philadelphia chromosome, it took only 40 years to go from a chemotherapy resistant and often fatal disease to a manageable condition with an oral tablet. This is a remarkable story of science, persistence and triumph. As Dr Travis Brown says, "When chromosomes were discovered in the late 1800's, their nature and function was unclear. In 1910, Thomas Hunt Morgan identified the link between chromosomes and inheritance. In 1959, Peter Nowell & David Hungerford discovered CMLs Philadelphia chromosome, but where had the segment of chr 22 gone? In 1973, Dr Janet Rowley found it. In 1999, Dr Brian Druker treated it." See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Our love affair with alcohol is as old as civilization itself. Every culture and religion have traditions, attitudes and laws that ranges from governing celebrations to issuing punishments. With only have sporadic cases of excessive drinking from historical figures, it becomes apparent that alcohol use disorder and dependency are modern diagnoses. The urgency for testing alcohol intoxication arrived with the increasing popularity of cars that shifted the automobile from a form of transport to a potential weapon. This led to a revolution in public health measures and has saved countless lives. However, it is not until one starts to examine the prevalence of risky alcohol drinking behaviour and alcohol use disorder in modern society that we realise this love affair comes with a price. Image Interference – The Animal "Though you can guess what temperance should be, You know not what it is" Shakespeare See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Tuberculosis has had many names throughout human history: Phthisis, Robber of youth, the white plague, consumption. It wasn't until 1865 that Jean Antonine Villemin proved it was an infectious disease and 1882 that Robert Koch identified the causative agent: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (he called it Tubercle bacillus). Via the first ever Pathology Report from Melbourne Hospital (now Royal Melbourne Hospital), we explore this infectious disease that continues to have a devastating impact to this day. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Twitter links Dr Travis Brown = @DrTravisBrown Steve Davis = @stevedavis See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Sugar is as addictive as nicotine and as toxic as … well, sugar. Diabetes mellitus is the fastest growing chronic disease and the not-so-silent potentially ignorable epidemic sweeping our nation. This is a disease known about since antiquity and often fatal to those afflicted in history. With the discovery of insulin in 1922 and exponential growth in our understanding, we now have the resources to manage and even potentially prevent this disease; but will we choose to do so? The Episode has a special guest collaboration with Dr James Meucke AM “AUSTRALIAN OF THE YEAR”. Wiki: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Muecke LinkedIn and bio: www.linkedin.com/in/james-muecke-am-a1621812 This Episode includes an interview with Dr Devika Thomas Bio: www.clinpath.com.au/about-us/clinpath-leadership/our-pathologists/dr-devika-thomas/ and is eligible for 1 RACGP CPD point – self reporting. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In 1958, via the world's first epidemiological study, Dr Denis Burkitt mapped the incidence of large jaw tumours in young African Children and theorised that the cause was due to a virus. However, he was later to discover that this same virus was responsible for Infectious Mononucleosis (IM) in Western Populations. How could one virus cause such different diseases? The answer was because he was studying the world's most perfect parasite. This podcast is an interview with Associate Professor David Ellis, MBBS, FRCPA and is eligible for 1 RACGP CPD point – self reporting. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Chromosomal abnormalities are often incompatible with life. However, there are a few exceptions to this rule and history has shown us that certain paired chromosomes can include a third. These conditions are known today as Down syndrome (Trisomy 21), Edwards' syndrome (Trisomy 18) and Patau syndrome (Trisomy 13). These syndromes are routinely screen for in pregnancy with NIPT (Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing). This podcast includes an interview discussing the application of NIPT with Professor Graeme Suthers and the path ahead for foetal screening and this section of the podcast is eligible for 1 RACGP CPD point – self reporting. Professor Graeme Suthers BSc (Med), MBBS, PhD, FRACP, FRCPA, GAICD clinpath.com.au/about-us/clinpath-leadership/our-pathologists/professor-graeme-suthers/ This Pathological Life is produced by Clinpath Pathology in South Australia. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The life of Alexander the Great is a landmark moment in history. The son of King Philip II, one of history's greatest military conquerors, and Olympus, worshipper of Dionysus and political mastermind, Alexander was raised to believe he had direct lineage with the Gods. Much was expected of Alexander and he did not disappoint. However, at the age of 32, he died suddenly of a mystery illness.  Through the lens of modern medicine and pathology, we focus on this ‘Great man' of history and ask: what did he die from? See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

On the 11th of September, 2001, 19 terrorists hijacked 4 planes and crashed 2 of them into the Twin Towers of the in New York. Hours later, both Towers collapsed which caused a huge toxic dust plume composed of WTC (World Trade Centre) dust. The heroism and selflessness of the First Responders was on full display but their service came at a cost of their own health. This is a tribute to the First Responders as we examine the pathology and chronic health conditions caused by the WTC dust exposure. The final interview sound bite is of Luis Alvarez, past New York City detective, and First Responder. This episode is in collaboration with special guest, Dennis Strenk, Milwaukee Pathologists' Assistant, CFO and Board of Trustees member of the AAPA and People of Pathology Podcast host [peopleofpathology.podbean.com] Episode notes, references and learning objectives, available at https://www.clinpath.com.au/about-us/podcast-this-pathological-life/2020/09/episode-eleven-episode-119-911-edosipe Original interview with Dr Berman: https://peopleofpathology.podbean.com/e/dr-gary-berman-forensic-odontology-and-dmort/ This Pathological Life is produced by Clinpath Pathology in South Australia. Released for September 11 2020 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Everyone has a story… Pathology is Medicine. The day-to-day challenges and opportunities in pathology are mixed and varied. Often, very much like the journey of Pathologists into Pathology, the queries can take many different pathways. For example, Pathologists can be asked questions such as: Is this skin malignant? What infection is this? Has her breast cancer spread? Why is he anaemic? What respiratory infection is this? In this episode we reflect both the path into Pathology and why as pathologists we do what we do and why we have got to where we are. Plus we share a few stories from along the way. This podcast includes interviews with: Dr Suchitra Somers Link https://www.clinpath.com.au/about-us/clinpath-leadership/our-pathologists/dr-suchitra-somers/  Dr Nicole Sladden Link https://www.clinpath.com.au/about-us/clinpath-leadership/our-pathologists/dr-nicole-sladden/ Dr Adam Swalling Link https://www.clinpath.com.au/about-us/clinpath-leadership/our-pathologists/dr-adam-swalling/  Dr Rebecca Morrow Link https://www.clinpath.com.au/about-us/clinpath-leadership/our-pathologists/dr-rebecca-morrow/  Dr Fergus Whitehead Link https://www.clinpath.com.au/about-us/clinpath-leadership/chief-executive-officer/  See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Transgender people have a gender identity or gender expression that differs from their sex assigned at birth. Until recently, these people have too often fallen into the ‘too hard' category when dealing with their health, disease, and illness – and there are many reasons for this. However, it is imperative that we find a satisfactory solution to adhere to one of the core foundations of pathology: to provide the best care to our patients. In this podcast, we explore the challenges Pathology organisations like Clinpath face in order to best serve our trans patients and examine what we know about the biological changes they go through during and after their transition. This episode includes interviews with Dr Devika Thomas and Dr Nicole Sladden. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Asbestos is a naturally occurring mineral composed of silk-like soft flexible fibres that are resistant to fire, heat, electricity, and chemical damage. Known from antiquity as a miracle product and believed to possess magical powers, there was only one problem; it's toxic to humans. Inhaled fibres are responsible for diseases including asbestosis (pulmonary fibrosis), lung cancer, and mesothelioma. However, the long latency period between exposure and disease development paved the way for numerous examples of unconscionable conduct from Asbestos manufacturers in modern times. ' This podcast includes an interview with Dr Fergus Whitehead and is eligible for 1 RACGP CPD point – self reporting. Episode notes, references and learning objectives, available at https://www.clinpath.com.au/about-us/podcast-this-pathological-life/2020/08/episode-eight-an-undisolvable-problem-mesothelioma This Pathological Life is produced by Clinpath Pathology in South Australia.   See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In 1920-1930's, Dr Charles Huggins had an unusual problem: prostatic cancer cells appeared in his metabolic experiments that he was conducting on the Prostate of Dogs. With further experimentation, he was able to demonstrate that Prostate Cancer maintained its normal hormone regulation for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1966. Prostate cancer is one of the most common male malignancies but most men will die with it, rather than from it. The role of pathology is to determine how to detect this cancer and identify the clinical significance of the findings. Our interview is with Dr Bradley Webster, Histopathologist specialising in Uropathology and Lymphoid Pathology and this section of the podcast is eligible for 1 RACGP CPD point – self reporting. This podcast also includes guest interview snippets with Dr Troye Wallet, Aged Care and Workforce General Practitioner + Health and Business Advisor. www.linkedin.com/in/troyewallett See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Inherited bleeding disorders before the modern era were a death sentence. Haemophilia, also known as the Royal Disease (specifically Haemophilia B), is an X-linked coagulation disorder that the Heir to the Throne Alexei Romanov inherited in the early 1900's. However, in 1926 a Finnish physician by the name of Erik von Willebrand identified a family with a bleeding disorder with an Autosomal Dominant pattern of inheritance. This was later named von Willebrand Disease (vWD) is now known to be the most common inherited form of bleeding disease worldwide. This podcast includes an interview with Dr Nicholas Myles regarding our current understanding of Haemophilia A, Haemophilia B, von Willebrand disease, and platelet disorders and this section of the podcast is eligible for 1 RACGP CPD point – self reporting. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The Story of Typhoid Mary An outbreak of Typhoid occurred 1906 in a wealthy family in Oyster Bay, New York. Typically a disease of ‘deprived' people, investigators concluded that the source must have been contaminated water or freshwater clams. However, in 1907, another wealthy family in Manhattan, New York also had an outbreak. One investigator, George Soper, identified the link: it was the Cook. Mary Mallon, a.k.a. Typhoid Mary, was found to have worked for 8 different families between 1900-1907; 7 of these families experienced cases of typhoid. Mary was sent into isolation for 2 years and confirmed as a healthy carrier of the bacteria Salmonella typhi but reoffended within 3 months of release. This is the story of the villain Typhoid Mary vs the tragedy of Mary Mallon. We thank Fidelma McCorry as the voice behind the reading of Mary's letter. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Smallpox was a devastating disease described as the scourge of the world. The Variola virus was responsible for countless deaths from antiquity to the twentieth century and left most survivors with lifelong scars. Using Variolation, a primitive form of vaccination, our ancestors attempted to blunt the full force of Smallpox infections. However, it wasn't until the twentieth century and using modern day vaccination techniques that we were able to achieve a monumental milestone and eradicate this disease.  See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In the 19th Century there was an increasing numbers of Black Tumours reported in medical literature - described as Melanose in 1806 when Rene Laennec published that the Blackness of these tumours was not related to black carbon deposits found in the lungs of patients upon autopsy. By mid 20th Century, a more evidence based approach was taken. Today, through molecular biology advances, we know genetic mutations are important in the genesis of tumours such as melanoma. This podcast includes an interview with Dr Craig James MBBS (Hons), FRCPA, AACD and this section of the podcast conducted by Dr Craig James is eligible for 1 RACGP CPD point – self reporting. Episode notes, references and learning objectives, available at https://www.clinpath.com.au/about-us/podcast-this-pathological-life/2020/07/episode-three-the-black-tumour This Pathological Life is produced by Clinpath Pathology in South Australia. Dr Craig James MBBS (Hons), FRCPA, AACD Specialties Cytopathology, Dermatopathology, and Histopathology Bio: https://www.clinpath.com.au/about-us/clinpath-leadership/our-pathologists/dr-craig-james/ See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Through the prism of COVID-19 and epidemiology, we examine different epidemics and pandemics throughout history. In the last twenty years, there have been three outbreaks of Coronavirus (MERS, SARS, and COVID-19) but only COVID-19 reached pandemic status. The question must be asked as to why? Episode notes, references and learning objectives, available at /podcast-this-pathological-life/2020/07/episode-two-anatomy-of-a-pandemic This Pathological Life is produced by Clinpath Pathology in South Australia. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Pathology is by definition: the study of disease. Pathology is about understanding. This episode uses the story of Mary Papanicolaou and her husband George who discovered the pap smear. Dr Travis Brown says, “What I'm hoping is that this podcast explores the evolution of Pathology from historical perspectives to the current day understanding. This may be about a disease or an event or a person. So much can be learnt and there are some fascinating stories like the example of Mary Papanicolaou. Mary Papanicolaou's contribution has led to hundreds of thousands of lives being saved and unfortunately, she is little more than a sentence or two in historical records.” This episode also covers: Diabetes (as a discussion example) How does someone become a pathologist? Pathologists: medical school / junior doctor / registrar How many different kinds of pathologists are there? Episode notes, references and learning objectives, available at clinpath.com.au/about-us/podcast-series/2020/07/episode-one-this-pathological-life This Pathological Life is produced by Clinpath Pathology in South Australia. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.