Podcasts about Mycobacterium

durée : 00:04:38 - Avec sciences - par : Alexandra Delbot - Longtemps attribuée à une seule bactérie introduite par les colons, la lèpre existait déjà en Amérique il y a plus de 1 000 ans. Une nouvelle étude révèle que cette autre espèce bactérienne nommée Mycobacterium lepromatosis s'est diffusée rapidement sur le continent avant la colonisation.

On episode #81 of the Infectious Disease Puscast, Daniel reviews the infectious disease literature for the weeks of 5/8/25 – 5/21/25. Hosts: Daniel Griffin Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of Puscast! Links for this episode Viral Tecovirimat for Clade I MPXV Infection in the Democratic Republic of Congo (NEJM) Remdesivir associated with reduced mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients (BMC Infectious Diseases) Real-world evidence shows remdesivir tied to less death in hospitalized COVID patients (CIDRAP) Impact of most promising Ebola therapies on survival (Virology Journal) Bacterial Comparative effectiveness of azithromycin versus doxycycline in hospitalized patients with community acquired pneumonia treated with beta-lactams (CID) Diet and Risk for Incident Diverticulitis in Women (Annals of Internal Medicine) The Dynamics of QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube Conversion and Reversion in a Cohort of South African Adolescents(American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine) BCG Revaccination for the Prevention of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection(NEJM) The Impact of Diet on Clostridioides difficile Infection (JID) Cefazolin versus Antistaphylococcal Penicillins for the Treatment of Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcusaureus Bacteremia (CMI: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Fungal The Last of US Season 2 (YouTube) Candida auris is emerging as a prevalent urinary pathogen (PLoS Pathgoens A symbiotic filamentous gut fungus ameliorates MASH via a secondary metabolite–CerS6–ceramide axis (Science) Outcome predictors of Candida prosthetic joint infections (OFID) Cave-Associated Histoplasmosis Outbreak Among Travelers Returning from Costa Rica — Georgia, Texas, and Washington, December 2024–January 2025 (CDC: MMWR) Parasitic COPEG 25th Anniversary (US Embassy in Panama) USDA suspends southern border livestock imports over New World screwworm threat(CIDRAP) Moxidectin combination therapies for lymphatic filariasis (LANCET: Infectious Diseases Music is by Ronald Jenkees Information on this podcast should not be considered as medical advice.

Thank you for joining us for our 2nd Cabral HouseCall of the weekend! I'm looking forward to sharing with you some of our community's questions that have come in over the past few weeks…   Tracey: Thank you so much for the wonderful work you do and the information that you share! My sister's co-worker was recently diagnosed with M abscessus infection. She already has asthma, so this has really exacerbated her condition. They suspect the bacteria may have been caused due to mold in their office. They have complained and tried to have management address the issue consistently for the past five years, but have had no luck. My sister is now in the process of being tested for that or any similar bacterial types. What do you know about this type of bacteria and is it treatable?                  Art: Hi Dr. Cabral, I noticed that every time I take Sacc. Boulardi and soil based probiotics at night, I sweat a lot. Why is that? Some background info: last year I came back with fungal overgrowth due to some high mycotoxins (fusarium/fumonisin B1). Thanks, Art                                                                                                                                          Paulina: How can I loose weight in menopause?                                                                                                                  Anonymous: Hi Dr. Cabral, I appreciate all that you and your amazing team do for this community. My question is about my husband. He is in his early 60's, active, and eats well (other than his sweet tooth). He does the quarterly detoxes with me (most of the time). He is 5'7" and about 155-160 lbs. Although we walk daily and go to the gym 2-3 times a week, he seems to be losing muscle and just looks skinny rather than healthy, which seems to be aging him. How can I help him add muscle for longevity and to protect his bones? Thank you.                                                                                                   Sarah: Hello! So blessed to have came across you, you've truly changed my life. I've completed a few of your protocols (CBO, HMD, functional detox) I live a healthy lifestyle and do a lot to support my lymph and detoxing (sauna, dry brush, gua sha, rebounding, supps etc!!) I know the effects of alcohol and that there is no safe amount consumed, although I'm not ready to give it up completely at this point in my life and save it for special occasions. Recently every time I drink the next day I am vomiting all day 10-20 times, I can't even keep water down without throwing up and this lasts until about 8pm at night. I used to experience this in my late teens when I would drink, although since improving my health I can drink without feeling too bad until recently. Any idea what's going on?       Thank you for tuning into this weekend's Cabral HouseCalls and be sure to check back tomorrow for our Mindset & Motivation Monday show to get your week started off right! - - - Show Notes and Resources: StephenCabral.com/3390 - - - Get a FREE Copy of Dr. Cabral's Book: The Rain Barrel Effect - - - Join the Community & Get Your Questions Answered: CabralSupportGroup.com - - - Dr. Cabral's Most Popular At-Home Lab Tests: > Complete Minerals & Metals Test (Test for mineral imbalances & heavy metal toxicity) - - - > Complete Candida, Metabolic & Vitamins Test (Test for 75 biomarkers including yeast & bacterial gut overgrowth, as well as vitamin levels) - - - > Complete Stress, Mood & Metabolism Test (Discover your complete thyroid, adrenal, hormone, vitamin D & insulin levels) - - - > Complete Food Sensitivity Test (Find out your hidden food sensitivities) - - - > Complete Omega-3 & Inflammation Test (Discover your levels of inflammation related to your omega-6 to omega-3 levels) - - - Get Your Question Answered On An Upcoming HouseCall: StephenCabral.com/askcabral - - - Would You Take 30 Seconds To Rate & Review The Cabral Concept? The best way to help me spread our mission of true natural health is to pass on the good word, and I read and appreciate every review!  

Please visit answersincme.com/FXP860 to participate, download slides and supporting materials, complete the post test, and obtain credit. In this activity, an expert in pulmonary infectious disease discusses management of refractory Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) pulmonary disease. Upon completion of this activity, participants should be better able to: Identify patients with refractory Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) pulmonary disease in a timely manner; Review guideline-recommended therapeutic approaches to enhance the treatment plan for patients with refractory MAC pulmonary disease; and Outline clinical strategies to optimize long-term care for patients with refractory MAC pulmonary disease.

A tuberculose continua a ser um problema de saúde pública significativo em Angola. Em 2020, o Relatório Global sobre a Tuberculose da OMS indicava uma taxa de incidência de cerca de 361 casos por 100.000 habitantes no país, ou seja, uma das taxas mais altas do mundo. Em 2024, em Luanda, foram registados quase 29.000 casos de tuberculose e mais de 1.000 mortes. Neuza Lazzari, chefe do Departamento de Saúde Pública do Gabinete Provincial de Luanda, afirmou que a tuberculose está muitas vezes associada a condições deficientes de higiene e à falta de acesso a cuidados de saúde. Em 2024, em Luanda, foram registados quase 29.000 casos de tuberculose e mais de 1.000 mortes. Qual é a principal causa da elevada incidência de tuberculose na capital angolana?A tuberculose é uma doença infecciosa causada por uma bactéria, o Mycobacterium tuberculosis, transmitida pelo ar, que afecta principalmente os pulmões, mas pode também afectar outros órgãos.É preciso compreender que não há qualquer diferença entre a tuberculose que afecta os angolanos, actualmente, e a tuberculose diagnosticada em outros países.No entanto, a tuberculose está mais ligada a condições, principalmente deficientes, de higiene, e em Angola essa situação é mais frequente.Uma situação de pobreza, a falta de acesso a cuidados de saúde e condições de vida precárias contribuem para o aumento de casos de tuberculose?Sim. Sendo uma doença muito mais frequente em pessoas de nível socioeconómico baixo, a tuberculose também pode afectar pessoas com nível socioeconómico mais alto.Passo a explicar: eu posso ser uma pessoa pobre e trabalhar numa residência de alguém rico, mas com uma imunidade baixa. Nessa situação, essa pessoa está sob o risco de apanhar a doença, não porque vive em situação de pobreza, mas porque está exposta à contaminação, uma vez que se trata de uma doença provocada pelo contacto com as gotículas de saliva expelidas pela pessoa infectada.Por exemplo, as pessoas fumadoras, que têm HIV, pacientes que fazem diálise, com cancro e que tenham uma imunidade baixa são pessoas que podem ser facilmente contagiadas com a bactéria.Estas pessoas que acabou de citar fazem parte do grupo mais vulnerável, mas também há os idosos e as crianças…Exactamente. Também é uma doença muito comum nos serviços prisionais, devido ao aglomerado que lá se vive. São, muitas vezes, locais fechados, com pouca circulação de ar. Portanto, é também um grupo de risco.Quantas pessoas foram afetadas pela tuberculose em Luanda? Qual é a taxa de mortalidade associada a esta endemia?Posso apresentar apenas os dados relativos a 2024 na província de Luanda, lembrando que anteriormente a capital angolana tinha nove municípios e agora tem 16 municípios. No entanto, entre Janeiro e Dezembro de 2024, foram notificados 28.761 casos e registaram-se 1.040 óbitos neste período.Em 2023, foi apresentado um plano de luta contra a tuberculose. Estes números, que acabou de detalhar, significam que as medidas tomadas pelas autoridades falharam?Não! Se compararmos 2024 com 2023, houve uma redução do número de casos de tuberculose. Mas para nós, não obstante ter-se registado uma redução de casos, uma morte é sempre uma morte. O nosso objectivo é deixar de ter uma elevada taxa de incidência de tuberculose.No entanto, a saúde não trabalha sozinha. Existe a doença, existem os programas e existem os esforços do Governo para apetrechar as unidades e garantir a disponibilidade de medicamentos.Mas temos outros factores, como o da pobreza, fazendo com que a pessoa infectada acabe por infectar outras pessoas. Por isso, defendemos que as pessoas que vivem em condições de pobreza devem receber mais apoio social.Quais são as medidas do Governo para prevenir a tuberculose?Uma das coisas fundamentais, que é responsabilidade do Governo, é disponibilizar a vacina BCG desde a infância. Evitar os aglomerados, sabendo que em muitas residências que têm apenas um quarto e uma sala coabitam três ou quatro famílias. São estas condições que vemos não só na capital, na província de Luanda, mas também no interior do país.Por exemplo, as pessoas que têm a doença, mas que ainda não estão em tratamento, vão expelindo o bacilo e, se estiverem em contacto com outras pessoas, vão infetá-las. Por isso, essas pessoas devem usar máscara. Também deve ser feita uma busca activa nas comunidades, realizada pelos profissionais de saúde e também por agentes comunitários, para identificar as pessoas que têm a doença e que, por algum motivo, não estão a fazer a medicação. Essas pessoas devem ser encaminhadas para as unidades sanitárias para cumprirem o tratamento.O que acontece, muitas vezes, é que o paciente chega demasiado tarde ao hospital, ou então desenvolveu resistência ao antibiótico…Sim, e por isso fazemos palestras nas escolas, nas igrejas, nos mercados, nos serviços prisionais e nas instituições. Há um grupo da área de promoção da Saúde que faz essa sensibilização — todos os dias — nas unidades sanitárias. Os médicos e enfermeiros fazem uma pequena palestra matinal sobre os riscos que podem surgir para a saúde se não respeitarem o tratamento.Existe algum apoio internacional para combater esta doença?A nível da província de Luanda, temos a colaboração do Programa Nacional de Combate à Tuberculose e recebemos apoio técnico também da Organização Mundial da Saúde.Existe um plano para fortalecer o sistema de saúde em Luanda, para prevenir futuros casos de tuberculose?Existe o Plano Nacional definido pelo Ministério da Saúde de Angola para a província de Luanda. Temos consciência de que precisamos melhorar o diagnóstico laboratorial, principalmente com o GeneXpert [um sistema de diagnóstico molecular que utiliza a tecnologia PCR para detectar o DNA de micobactérias, incluindo o Mycobacterium tuberculosis], um aparelho que nem todas as unidades disponibilizam.Conhecendo o número de casos, associado à situação de extrema pobreza que se vive na província de Luanda, o GeneXpert seria um aparelho importante para detectar os casos de resistência múltipla, porque muitas vezes esses pacientes mudam de unidade sanitária e os técnicos de saúde não sabem se o paciente continua noutra unidade, se cancelou as consultas ou se abandonou o tratamento.Precisamos melhorar as estruturas das unidades de tratamento e diagnóstico. Enquanto província de Luanda, contávamos com a unidade do Centro de Endemias e Tratamento, a unidade que faz o internamento dos pacientes com tuberculose. Agora, com a nova divisão política, Luanda perdeu essa unidade. Continuamos a ter boas relações com a direcção da instituição, mas seria importante, a nível da província de Luanda, identificar outra unidade com capacidade similar para atender estes casos, para evitar as distâncias e diminuir a procura pelos serviços devido às distâncias. [Em 2024, a província de Luanda contava com 21 unidades de tratamento e 40 unidades de diagnóstico para a tuberculose].A tuberculose é uma doença tratável, se for diagnosticada precocemente. No entanto, continua a ser uma das doenças mais infecciosas e mortais em todo o mundo. Como se explica essa realidade?As condições socioeconómicas, de extrema pobreza, representam uma grande dificuldade na luta contra a tuberculose. Hoje em dia, em Angola, com os transtornos económicos e o encerramento de unidades privadas, principalmente após a pandemia de Covid, há uma maior procura pelos serviços públicos. Essa procura provoca uma sobrecarga do Serviço Nacional de Saúde.Confirma-se uma sobrecarga do Serviço Nacional de Saúde?Sim, a tuberculose é um problema, mas a malária é praticamente o prato do dia a dia, acabando por ser a principal causa não só de atendimento, como de internamento.

Host: Darryl S. Chutka, M.D. Guest: James T. Gaensbauer, M.D., M.S. Each year, we recognize World TB Day on March 24. This annual event commemorates the date in 1882 when Dr. Robert Koch announced his discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacillus that causes tuberculosis (TB). World TB Day is a day to educate the public about the impact of TB around the world.  The CDC, along with our partners and colleagues around the world, share successes in TB prevention and control and raise awareness of the challenges that hinder our progress toward the elimination of this devastating disease. Tuberculosis continues to be a global health concern.  Despite being preventable and very treatable, this disease continues to cause suffering and death.  It accounted for an estimated one and a quarter million deaths worldwide in 2023. In the United States, cases have been increasing over the past several years, and this is also true in children, especially in those under the age of 5 years. What are the common risk factors for tuberculosis in children? Is the disease different in children compared to adults? What should we, as a primary care provider do when we suspect tuberculosis in a young patient? These are some of the questions I'll be asking my guest for this podcast, James T. Gaensbauer, M.D., M.S., a pediatric infectious disease specialist at the Mayo Clinic as we discuss “Tuberculosis in Children”. Connect with Mayo Clinic Podcasts | Mayo Clinic School of Continuous Professional Development

The Ministry of Health, Wellness and Elderly Affairs joins the global community in observance of World Tuberculosis (TB) Day today, March 24, 2025. This marks 43 years since the day was first observed and 143 years since the discovery of the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which causes TB. Under the global theme “We Can End TB: Commit, Invest, deliver”, the Ministry reaffirms its commitment to eliminating TB in Saint Lucia through sustained public education, active case detection, and free treatment services. In 2023, Saint Lucia recorded two documented cases of pulmonary TB, with one associated death and no HIV/TB co-infections. This reflects Saint Lucia's low-burden TB status, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), with fewer than 10 cases per 100,000 people annually. However, health officials emphasize that even one TB-related death is one too many.

On episode #74 of the Infectious Disease Puscast, Daniel and Sara review the infectious disease literature for the weeks of 1/30/25 – 2/12/25. Hosts: Daniel Griffin and Sara Dong Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of Puscast! Links for this episode Viral Global Impact of mass vaccination campaigns on circulating type 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus outbreaks (JID) Co-infection of SARS‐CoV‐2 and influenza A/B among patients with COVID-19 (BMC Infectious Diseases) Oseltamivir reduces 30-Day mortality in older adults with Influenza (OFID) Bacterial Predicting benefit from adjuvant therapy with corticosteroids in community-acquired pneumonia (LANCET Respiratory Medicine) Rethinking antibiotic prophylaxis for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with cirrhosis (CID) Determining the optimal antibiotic duration for skin and soft tissue infections (Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases) The stealth and potentially fatal nature of Kingella kingae outbreaks in daycare facilities (OFID) Piperacillin/tazobactam vs. cefepime or carbapenems for the treatment of bloodstream infections due to bacteria producing chromosomal AmpC beta-lactamase (Infection) Is systemic dissemination of BCG following neonatal vaccination required for protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis? (JID) Risk of aortic aneurysm or dissection following use of fluoroquinolones: a retrospective multinational network cohort study (eClinical Medicine) Fungal The Last of US Season 2 (YouTube) Developing mRNA lipid nanoparticle vaccine effective for cryptococcosisin a murine model (Vaccines) The araneopathogenic genus Gibellula (Cordycipitaceae: Hypocreales) in the British Isles, including a new zombie species on orb-weaving cave spiders (Metainae: Tetragnathidae) (Fungal Systematics and Evolution) Sensitivity of Coccidioides serologic tests among culture-proven coccidioidomycosis patients with hematological malignancy compared to a matched immunocompetent cohort (Medical Mycology) Parasitic New WHO guidelines for treating rhodesiense human African trypanosomiasis: expanded indications for fexinidazole and pentamidine (LANCET: Infectious Diseases) Miscellaneous Remote practice of infectious diseases through telemedicine (OFID) Telemedicine offers solutions for the rural disparities in infectious disease (ID) care delivery (OFID) Music is by Ronald Jenkees Information on this podcast should not be considered as medical advice.

This week's episode we will discuss the resurgence of TB/ Tuberculosis.  TB is a treatable and curable disease. Active, drug-susceptible TB disease is treated with a standard 6-month course of 4 antimicrobial drugs that are provided with information and support to the patient by a health worker or trained volunteer. Without such support, treatment adherence is more difficult. Since 2000, an estimated 66 million lives were saved through TB diagnosis and treatment. (credits: WHO) A total of 1.5 million people died from TB in 2020 (including 214 000 people with HIV). Worldwide, TB is the 13th leading cause of death and the second leading infectious killer after COVID-19 (above HIV/AIDS). In 2020, an estimated 10 million people fell ill with tuberculosis (TB) worldwide. 5.6 million men, 3.3 million women and 1.1 million children. TB is present in all countries and age groups. But TB is curable and preventable. In 2020, 1.1 million children fell ill with TB globally. Child and adolescent TB is often overlooked by health providers and can be difficult to diagnose and treat. In 2020, the 30 high TB burden countries accounted for 86% of new TB cases. Eight countries account for two thirds of the total, with India leading the count, followed by China, Indonesia, the Philippines, Pakistan, Nigeria, Bangladesh and South Africa. Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) remains a public health crisis and a health security threat. Only about one in three people with drug resistant TB accessed treatment in 2020. Globally, TB incidence is falling at about 2% per year and between 2015 and 2020 the cumulative reduction was 11%. This was over half way to the End TB Strategy milestone of 20% reduction between 2015 and 2020. An estimated 66 million lives were saved through TB diagnosis and treatment between 2000 and 2020. Globally, close to one in two TB-affected households face costs higher than 20% of their household income, according to latest national TB patient cost survey data. The world did not reach the milestone of 0% TB patients and their households facing catastrophic costs as a result of TB disease by 2020. By 2022, US$ 13 billion is needed annually for TB prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care to achieve the global target agreed at the UN high level-meeting on TB in 2018. Funding in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) that account for 98% of reported TB cases falls far short of what is needed. Spending in 2020 amounted to US$ 5.3 billion less than half (41%) of the global target. There was an 8.7% decline in spending between 2019 and 2020 (from US$ 5.8 billion to US$ 5.3 billion), with TB funding in 2020 back to the level of 2016. Ending the TB epidemic by 2030 is among the health targets of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by bacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) that most often affect the lungs. Tuberculosis is curable and preventable. TB is spread from person to person through the air. When people with lung TB cough, sneeze or spit, they propel the TB germs into the air. A person needs to inhale only a few of these germs to become infected. About one-quarter of the world's population has a TB infection, which means people have been infected by TB bacteria but are not (yet) ill with the disease and cannot transmit it. People infected with TB bacteria have a 5–10% lifetime risk of falling ill with TB. Those with compromised immune systems, such as people living with HIV, malnutrition or diabetes, or people who use tobacco, have a higher risk of falling ill. When a person develops active TB disease, the symptoms (such as cough, fever, night sweats, or weight loss) may be mild for many months. This can lead to delays in seeking care, and results in transmission of the bacteria to others. People with active TB can infect 5–15 other people through close contact over the course of a year. Without proper treatment, 45% of HIV-negative people with TB on average and nearly all HIV-positive people with TB will die. Who is most at risk? Tuberculosis mostly affects adults in their most productive years. However, all age groups are at risk. Over 95% of cases and deaths are in developing countries. People who are infected with HIV are 18 times more likely to develop active TB (see TB and HIV section below). The risk of active TB is also greater in persons suffering from other conditions that impair the immune system. People with undernutrition are 3 times more at risk. Globally in 2020, there were 1.9 million new TB cases that were attributable to undernutrition. Alcohol use disorder and tobacco smoking increase the risk of TB disease by a factor of 3.3 and 1.6, respectively. In 2020, 0.74 million new TB cases worldwide were attributable to alcohol use disorder and 0.73 million were attributable to smoking. Global impact of TB TB occurs in every part of the world. In 2020, the largest number of new TB cases occurred in the WHO South-East Asian Region, with 43% of new cases, followed by the WHO African Region, with 25% of new cases and the WHO Western Pacific with 18%. In 2020, 86% of new TB cases occurred in the 30 high TB burden countries. Eight countries accounted for two thirds of the new TB cases: India, China, Indonesia, the Philippines, Pakistan, Nigeria, Bangladesh and South Africa. Symptoms and diagnosis Common symptoms of active lung TB are cough with sputum and blood at times, chest pains, weakness, weight loss, fever and night sweats. WHO recommends the use of rapid molecular diagnostic tests as the initial diagnostic test in all persons with signs and symptoms of TB as they have high diagnostic accuracy and will lead to major improvements in the early detection of TB and drug-resistant TB. Rapid tests recommended by WHO are the Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra and Truenat assays. Diagnosing multidrug-resistant and other resistant forms of TB (see Multidrug-resistant TB section below) as well as HIV-associated TB can be complex and expensive. Tuberculosis is particularly difficult to diagnose in children.  

Toprakta bulunan "Mycobacterium vaccae" adlı bakteriden geliştirilen bir aşı sayesinde obezite tarihe mi gömülecek?

Text Agony Aunt Roz with your Cutflower Questions.Hi, I'm Roz Chandler, and welcome to The Cut Flower Podcast!Today, I'm sharing why gardening and especially growing your own cut flowers, can have a transformative impact on your mental and physical health. Having experienced this firsthand, I'm thrilled to guide you through the science, benefits, and ways to begin your journey.Episode SummaryGardening is more than just a hobby, it's a way to boost mental clarity, reduce stress, and improve physical health. In this episode, I dive into:The scientific research behind gardening's effects on mental health.My personal story of how gardening helped me during a challenging health journey.How growing cut flowers connects us to nature and provides a sense of purpose.Whether you're a seasoned grower or just starting, this episode will inspire you to get your hands in the soil for the betterment of your well-being.What I Cover in This Episode:Mental Health Benefits of Gardening:Stress reduction through decreased cortisol levels.Improved mood thanks to soil microbes like Mycobacterium vaccae.Mindfulness through meditative activities like planting and weeding.A sense of accomplishment watching seeds bloom.Physical Health Perks:Gentle exercise like digging and weeding strengthens muscles and improves flexibility.Boosted immunity from increased vitamin D levels.Better sleep from physical activity and the calming effects of nature.Why Cut Flowers Are Special:Immediate mood enhancement through color and fragrance.Connection with nature that reduces isolation and builds routine.Therapy through flower arranging and sensory experiences.Real Stories and Expert Insights:Interviews with experts like Dr. Menjie Bodhuran, Dr. Alistair Griffiths, and Dr. Richard Claxton on the intersection of gardening and mental health.Resources to Explore:Join our Cut Flower Kickoff 2025 Facebook Group for free guides, live Q&A sessions, and community support.Masterclasses: Don't miss our free online sessions on February 6th, 7th, and 10th to deepen your knowledge and skills.Start your year with the healing power of gardening. Join the Cut Flower Kickoff 2025 Facebook Group for inspiration, resources, and a like-minded community.  https://www.facebook.com/groups/thecutflowerkickoff2025 https://fieldgateflowers.kartra.com/page/newsletters A Cut Above Waitlist: https://fieldgateflowers.kartra.com/page/ACutAboveWaitlist The Growth Club: https://fieldgateflowers.kartra.com/page/thegrowthclub Lots of free resources on our website: https://thecutflowercollective.co.uk/cut-flower-resources/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/fieldgateflowers Facebook Group 'Cut Flower Farming - Growth and Profit in your business' https://www.facebook.com/groups/449543639411874 Facebook Group 'The Cut Flower Collection' https://www.facebook.com/groups/cutflowercollection

By now, many of you have heard of my coined term, The Mitochondrial Triad, which comprises the three most effective and efficacious ways (in my opinion) to optimize mitochondrial function. At the end of the day, mitochondrial function is the foundation of wellness and longevity until proven otherwise. With that being said, The Triad is not set in stone and is fluid based on new information, research, etc., meaning it could grow to a quad, quint and beyond. However, it would take a powerful modality, molecule, etc. with rigorous studies to make the cut. But by the end of today's conversation with renowned pharmacist and author, Dr. Nayan Patel, the case can be made that glutathione should be heavily considered.The kicker with glutathione is that we produce it endogenously, so we have some control over its abundance or depletion in our body. After all, it is the master antioxidant in our body and quenches oxidative stress, so given its powerful electron-donating properties (similar, but not exactly the same as methylene blue and C60), you can imagine the health benefits it provides when at proper levels and what happens when our body is depleted.Dr. Patel is a sought after pharmacist, wellness expert, and thought leader in his industry. He has been working with physicians since 1999 to custom develop medication for their clients and design a patient-specific drug and nutrition regimen. He has been the pharmacist of choice to celebrities, CEOs and physicians themselves. He recently published his first comprehensive book, The Glutathione Revolution. After 11 years of clinical research on the master antioxidant, glutathione, Dr. Patel and his team developed a patented technology to deliver glutathione topically, changing the game on how best to absorb GSH systemically. From this technology he additionally developed The Auro GSH Antioxidant Delivery System to create a skincare line to deliver antioxidants more efficiently and effectively than ever before at potent concentrations. If you found the information in today's episode with Dr. Nayan Patel particularly interesting and/or compelling, please share it with a family member, friend, colleague and/or anyone that you think could benefit and be illuminated by this knowledge. Sharing is caring :)As always, light up your health! - Watch this video on YouTube - Book by Dr. Nayan Patel:The Glutatione RevolutionWhere to learn more from and about Dr. Nayan Patel:AuroWellness.com​ Instagram​ Facebook​ TikTok​ YouTube​ - Key Points:   [00:00] Introduction to the Red Light Report: Overview of red light therapy, anti-aging, and mitochondrial health.  [00:13] Exploring the mitochondrial triad: Red light therapy, methylene blue, and carbon-60.  [00:39] Guest introduction and corrections: Featuring Dr. Nayan Patel, author of The Glutathione Revolution.  [01:16] Background on Dr. Patel: Career as a pharmacist, wellness expert, and custom medication developer.  [02:00] Glutathione innovations: Patented delivery systems and skincare applications.  [02:29] Dr. Patel's journey: From pharmacist to glutathione expert and the significance of oxidative stress.  [04:14] Celebrities and longevity: How Dr. Patel's work intersects with high-profile clients seeking optimal health.  [05:11] Understanding glutathione: Mechanisms as an antioxidant and its role in reducing oxidative stress.  [07:04] Sources of oxidative stress: The impact of oxygen and nitrogen in daily life.  [09:03] Comparing antioxidants: Glutathione vs. exogenous sources like vitamin C and C60.  [11:08] Glutathione's ubiquity: Found in every cell, essential for comprehensive oxidative stress reduction.  [12:06] Causes of oxidative stress: Pollution, chemicals, alcohol, and their effects on glutathione levels.  [15:03] Mitochondrial health and oxidative stress: How habits and environment impact free radical production.  [18:09] Modern lifestyle trade-offs: Balancing conveniences with oxidative stress management.  [20:11] Practical strategies: Improving glutathione levels through diet, habits, and supplementation.  [21:46] - Importance of diverse diets for enzyme production.  [22:15] - Healthy eating essentials: avoiding processed foods and supporting enzyme levels.  [22:29] - Role of mitochondria in producing ATP and maintaining glutathione levels.  [22:56] - Understanding NAD: minimal requirements and its efficient regulation by the body.  [23:58] - Declining glutathione levels with age: lifestyle impact and supplementation advocacy.  [25:11] - Challenges of reducing oxidative stress in polluted environments.  [26:14] - Starting glutathione supplementation: milestones and quality considerations.  [27:01] - Challenges with glutathione absorption and the innovation of transdermal delivery.  [29:10] - Why traditional glutathione delivery methods are inefficient for aging bodies.  [30:46] - Breakthrough in transdermal delivery for peptides: overcoming biological barriers.  [33:27] - Daily glutathione needs: consistent levels regardless of age.  [35:15] - Addressing concerns about disrupting endogenous production with supplementation.  [36:53] - How the body uses raw materials to produce various peptides, including glutathione.  [39:13] - ATP-sparing effects of glutathione: experiencing natural energy boosts.  [39:53] - Triggers for glutathione production: raw materials and oxidative stress.  [40:29] - The necessity of microstressors like oxidative stress for resilience.  [41:31] Application sites for glutathione: trials on arms, forearms, and belly.  [42:19] General absorption vs. targeted application for localized benefits (e.g., arthritis relief on knees).  [43:12] Overuse effects: reductive stress symptoms and detox reactions.  [44:34] Excess antioxidants and how glutathione differs from traditional products.  [45:23] Navigating the glutathione supplement market: what to consider.  [46:17] FDA-approved glutathione alternatives like N-acetylcysteine (NAC).  [47:24] Gene mutations affecting glutathione production and targeted solutions.  [48:43] Dietary sources of cysteine and their impact on glutathione levels.  [49:15] The cost and advanced technology behind specific glutathione products.  [50:17] Personal dosing strategies for glutathione, including during travel and high-stress periods.  [51:08] Athlete-specific glutathione protocols for post-workout recovery.  [52:27] Glutathione's role in reducing oxidative stress across various conditions.  [53:46] Case study: managing type 2 diabetes with reduced oxidative stress.  [55:03] Glutathione's potential in managing, not curing, diseases; benefits for younger, healthier individuals.  [56:34] Updates on ongoing longevity research for glutathione.  [58:48] Comparison with C60 longevity studies and challenges with glutathione research in animals.  [1:00:08] Challenges in conducting glutathione trials on mice vs. humans.  [1:00:37] Recent human trials: absorption efficacy of topical glutathione.  [1:01:03] Researchers explore the effects of glutathione on stress markers and immune response.  [1:01:49] Study reveals glutathione's rapid impact on oxidative stress and immune improvement.  [1:02:38] Mycobacterium infection testing demonstrates glutathione's potential in enhancing immune response.  [1:03:23] Researcher dedicates time to publishing new findings on glutathione.  [1:04:15] Theoretical connections between glutathione and mitochondrial health.  [1:05:06] Plans for future studies on glutathione's effects on mitochondria.  [1:06:12] Mechanisms of glutathione in reducing oxidative stress and improving mitochondrial function.  [1:06:58] Upcoming research on glutathione's potential in autism treatment.  [1:07:11] Closing discussion on glutathione's growing research and applications.  [1:07:26] Details on Dr. Patel's book, website, and newsletter for further information.  [1:09:10] Benefits of glutathione for skin health and its role in reducing oxidative stress.  [1:11:17] Explanation of skincare products with concentrated antioxidants for visible results.  [1:12:37] Dr. Patel's approach to fair product pricing based on production costs.  [1:13:05] How to access Dr. Patel's book, products, and newsletter via his website.  [1:13:18] Gratitude and closing remarks by the host. - Want the benefits of methylene blue without the stained teeth and tongue?BioBlue Capsules are your new best friend! The same ultra-high purity pharmaceutical-grade methylene blue...Minus the blue mouth

Durante siglos, la lepra fue considerada un castigo divino, condenando a quienes la padecían al aislamiento y al estigma social. Pero, en 1873, este panorama cambió cuando el médico noruego Gerhard Henrik Armauer Hansen identificó al Mycobacterium leprae como el agente causante de la enfermedad. Este descubrimiento transformó la lepra de una maldición inexplicable a una enfermedad diagnosticable y tratable, marcando un hito en la historia de la medicina y reduciendo significativamente el estigma asociado. Y descubre más historias curiosas en el canal National Geographic y en Disney +. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Matters Microbial #73: Seeing the Microbiome January 8, 2025 Today, Dr. Travis Wiles, Assistant Professor of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry at the University of California, Irvine, joins the #QualityQuorum to discuss the work he and his research group have done to visualize the changing dynamics of the gut microbiome—including bacteriophages residing there.  Host: Mark O. Martin Guest: Travis Wiles Subscribe: Apple Podcasts, Spotify Become a patron of Matters Microbial! Links for this episode Dr Anne Estes' academic website is found here, along with her blog, and her social media link on Bluesky.  So many interesting ideas! Transgenic zebrafish as pets are called GLOfish. Use of zebrafish as a model system for developmental biology. An article exploring the effects of the microbiome on gnotobiotic (“germ free”) zebrafish. An essay on both lytic and lysogenic bacteriophages. An essay describing how bacteriophage interact with the gut microbiota.  One of my former undergraduate research students, Dr. Danielle Campbell, works in this area! An article suggesting that bacteriophage do in fact interact with eukaryotic cells. The concept of phage conversion:  how some bacteriophages carry bacterial genes, including toxin genes. An article about bacteriophages and bacterial evolution. An article about the study of the zebrafish gut microbiome. An article about research with zebrafish and Mycobacterium.  The article discussed in this episode by Dr. Wiles' group: “Phollow: Visualizing Gut Bacteriophage Transmission within Microbial Communities and Living Animals .”    Dr. Wiles' academic website. Dr. Wiles' very colorful and interesting laboratory group website. Intro music is by Reber Clark Send your questions and comments to mattersmicrobial@gmail.com

* List of Discoveries Squeezing Evolution: Did you know that dinosaurs ate rice before rice evolved? That turtle shells existed forty million years before turtle shells began evolving? That insects evolved tongues for eating from flowers 70 million years before flowers evolved? And that birds appeared before birds evolved? The fossil record is a wonderful thing. And more recently, only a 40,000-year squeeze, Neanderthal had blood types A, B, and O, shocking evolutionists but expected to us here at Real Science Radio! Sit back and get ready to enjoy another instant classic, today's RSR "list show" on Evolution's Big Squeeze! Our other popular list shows include: - scientists doubting Darwin - evidence against whale evolution - problems with 'the river carved the canyon' - carbon 14 everywhere it shouldn't be - dinosaur still-soft biological tissue - solar system formation problems - evidence against the big bang - evidence for the global flood - genomes that just don't fit - and our list of not so old things! (See also rsr.org/sq2 and rsr.org/sq3!) * Evolution's Big Squeeze: Many discoveries squeeze the Darwinian theory's timeframe and of course without a workable timeframe there is no workable theory. Examples, with their alleged (and falsified) old-earth timeframes, include: - Complex skeletons existed 9 million years before they were thought to have evolved, before even the "Cambrian explosion".- Butterflies existed 10 million years before they were thought to have evolved. - Parrots existed "much earlier than had been thought", in fact, 25 million years before they were thought to have evolved. - Cephalopod fossils (squids, cuttlefish, etc.) appear 35 million years before they were able to propagate. - Turtle shells 40 million years before turtle shells began evolving - Trees began evolving 45 million years before they were thought to evolve - Spores appearing 50 million years before the plants that made them (not unlike footprints systematically appearing "millions of years before" the creatures that made them, as affirmed by Dr. Marcus Ross, associate professor of geology). - Sponges existed 60 million years before they were believed to have evolved. - Dinosaurs ate rice before it evolved Example - Insect proboscis (tongue) in moths and butterflies 70 million years before previously believed has them evolving before flowers. - Arthropod brains fully developed with central nervous system running to eyes and appendages just like modern arthropods 90 million years earlier than previously known (prior to 2021, now, allegedly 310mya) - 100 million years ago and already a bird - Fossil pollen pushes back plant evolution 100 million years. - Mammalian hair allegedly 100-million-years-old show that, "the morphology of hair cuticula may have remained unchanged throughout most of mammalian evolution", regarding the overlapping cells that lock the hair shaft into its follicle. - Piranha-like flesh-eating teeth (and bitten prey) found pushing back such fish 125 million years earlier than previously claimed   - Shocking organic molecules in "200 million-years-old leaves" from ginkgoes and conifers show unexpected stasis. - Plant genetic sophistication pushed back 200 million years. - Jellyfish fossils (Medusoid Problematica :) 200 million years earlier than expected; here from 500My ago. - Green seaweed 200 million years earlier than expected, pushed back now to a billion years ago!  - The acanthodii fish had color vision 300 million years ago, but then, and wait, Cheiracanthus fish allegedly 388 million years ago already had color vision. - Color vision (for which there is no Darwinian evolutionary small-step to be had, from monochromatic), existed "300 million years ago" in fish, and these allegedly "120-million-year-old" bird's rod and cone fossils stun researchers :) - 400-million-year-old Murrindalaspis placoderm fish "eye muscle attachment, the eyestalk attachment and openings for the optic nerve, and arteries and veins supplying the eyeball" The paper's author writes, "Of course, we would not expect the preservation of ancient structures made entirely of soft tissues (e.g. rods and cone cells in the retina...)." So, check this next item... :) - And... no vertebrates in the Cambrian? Well, from the journal Nature in 2014, a "Lower-Middle Cambrian... primitive fish displays unambiguous vertebrate features: a notochord, a pair of prominent camera-type eyes, paired nasal sacs, possible cranium and arcualia, W-shaped myomeres, and a post-anal tail" Primitive? - Fast-growing juvenile bone tissue, thought to appear in the Cretaceous, has been pushed back 100 million years: "This pushes the origin of fibrolamellar bone in Sauropterygia back from the Cretaceous to the early Middle Triassic..."- Trilobites "advanced" (not the predicted primitive) digestion "525 million" years ago - And there's this, a "530 million year old" fish, "50 million years before the current estimate of when fish evolved" - Mycobacterium tuberculosis 100,000 yr-old MRCA (most recent common ancestor) now 245 million- Fungus long claimed to originate 500M years ago, now found at allegedly 950 Mya (and still biological "the distant past... may have been much more 'modern' than we thought." :) - A rock contained pollen a billion years before plants evolved, according to a 2007 paper describing "remarkably preserved" fossil spores in the French Alps that had undergone high-grade metamorphism - 2.5 billion year old cyanobacteria fossils (made of organic material found in a stromatolite) appear about "200 million years before the [supposed] Great Oxidation Event". - 2.7 billion year old eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus) existed (allegedly) 1 billion years before expected - 3.5 billion year "cell division evidently identical to that of living filamentous prokaryotes." - And even older cyanobacteria! At 220 million years earlier than thought, per Nature's 3.7 billion year old dating of stromatolites! - The universe and life itself (in 2019 with the universe dated a billion, now, no, wait, two billion!, years younger than previously thought, that's not only squeezing biological but also astronomical evolution, with the overall story getting really tight) - Mantis shrimp, with its rudimentary color but advanced UV vision, is allegedly ancient. - Hadrosaur teeth, all 1400 of them, were "more complex than those of cows, horses, and other well-known modern grazers." Professor stunned by the find! (RSR predicts that, by 2030 just to put an end date on it, more fossils will be found from the geologic column that will be more "advanced" as compared to living organisms, just like this hadrosaur and like the allegedly 100M year old hagfish  fossil having more slime glands than living specimens.)  - Trace fossils "exquisitely preserved" of mobile organisms (motility) dated at 2.1 billion years ago, a full 1.5 billion earlier than previously believed - Various multicellular organisms allegedly 2.1 billion years old, show multicellularity 1.5 billion years sooner than long believed   - Pre-sauropod 26,000-pound dinosaur "shows us that even as far back as 200 million years ago, these animals had already become the largest vertebrates to ever walk the Earth." - The Evo-devo squeeze, i.e., evolutionary developmental biology, as with rsr.org/evo-devo-undermining-darwinism. - Extinct Siberian one-horned rhinos coexisted with mankind. - Whale "evolution" is being crushed in the industry-wide "big squeeze". First, geneticist claims whales evolved from hippos but paleontologists say hippos evolved tens of millions of years too late! And what's worse than that is that fossil finds continue to compress the time available for whale evolution. To not violate its own plot, the Darwinist story doesn't start animals evolving back into the sea until the cast includes land animals suitable to undertake the legendary journey. The recent excavation of whale fossils on an island of the Antarctic Peninsula further compresses the already absurdly fast 10 million years to allegedly evolve from the land back to the sea, down to as little as one million years. BioOne in 2016 reported a fossil that is "among the oldest occurrences of basilosaurids worldwide, indicating a rapid radiation and dispersal of this group since at least the early middle Eocene." By this assessment, various techniques produced various published dates. (See the evidence that falsifies the canonical whale evolution story at rsr.org/whales.) * Ancient Hierarchical Insect Society: "Thanks to some well-preserved remains, researchers now believe arthropod social structures have been around longer than anyone ever imagined. The encased specimens of ants and termites recently studied date back [allegedly] 100 million years." Also from the video about "the bubonic plague", the "disease is well known as a Middle Ages mass killer... Traces of very similar bacteria were found on [an allegedly] 20-million-year-old flea trapped in amber." And regarding "Caribbean lizards... Even though they are [allegedly] 20 million years old, the reptiles inside the golden stones were not found to differ from their contemporary counterparts in any significant way. Scientists attribute the rarity [Ha! A rarity or the rule? Check out rsr.org/stasis.] to stable ecological surroundings." * Squeezing and Rewriting Human History: Some squeezing simply makes aspects of the Darwinian story harder to maintain while other squeezing contradicts fundamental claims. So consider the following discoveries, most of which came from about a 12-month period beginning in 2017 which squeeze (and some even falsify) the Out-of-Africa model: - find two teeth and rewrite human history with allegedly 9.7 million-year-old teeth found in northern Europe (and they're like Lucy, but "three times older") - date blue eyes, when humans first sported them, to as recently as 6,000 years ago   - get mummy DNA and rewrite human history with a thousand years of ancient Egyptian mummy DNA contradicting Out-of-Africa and demonstrating Out-of-Babel - find a few footprints and rewrite human history with allegedly 5.7 million-year-old human footprints in Crete - re-date an old skull and rewrite human history with a very human skull dated at 325,000 years old and redated in the Journal of Physical Anthropology at about 260,000 years old and described in the UK's Independent, "A skull found in China [40 years ago] could re-write our entire understanding of human evolution." - date the oldest language in India, Dravidian, with 80 derivatives spoken by 214 million people, which appeared on the subcontinent only about 4,500 years ago, which means that there is no evidence for human language for nearly 99% of the time that humans were living in Asia. (Ha! See rsr.org/origin-of-language for the correct explanation.) - sequence a baby's genome and rewrite human history with a 6-week old girl buried in Alaska allegedly 11,500 years ago challenging the established history of the New World. (The family buried this baby girl just beneath their home like the practice in ancient Mesopotamia, the Hebrews who sojourned in Egypt, and in Çatalhöyük in southern Turkey, one of the world's most ancient settlements.) - or was that 130,000? years ago as the journal Nature rewrites human history with a wild date for New World site - and find a jawbone and rewrite human history with a modern looking yet allegedly 180,000-year-old jawbone from Israel which "may rewrite the early migration story of our species" by about 100,000 years, per the journal Science - re-date a primate and lose yet another "missing link" between "Lucy" and humans, as Homo naledi sheds a couple million years off its age and drops from supposedly two million years old to (still allegedly) about 250,000 years old, far too "young" to be the allegedly missing link - re-analysis of the "best candidate" for the most recent ancestor to human beings, Australopithecus sediba, turns out to be a juvenile Lucy-like ape, as Science magazine reports work presented at the American Association of Physical Anthropologists 2017 annual meeting - find skulls in Morocco and "rewrite human history" admits the journal Nature, falsifying also the "East Africa" part of the canonical story - and from the You Can't Make This Stuff Up file, NPR reports in April 2019, Ancient Bones And Teeth Found In A Philippine Cave May Rewrite Human History. :) - Meanwhile, whereas every new discovery requires the materialists to rewrite human history, no one has had to rewrite Genesis, not even once. Yet, "We're not claiming that the Bible is a science textbook. Not at all. For the textbooks have to be rewritten all the time!"  - And even this from Science: "humans mastered the art of training and controlling dogs thousands of years earlier than previously thought."- RSR's Enyart commented on the Smithsonian's 2019 article on ancient DNA possibly deconstructing old myths...  This Smithsonian article about an ancient DNA paper in Science Advances, or actually, about the misuse of such papers, was itself a misuse. The published research, Ancient DNA sheds light on the genetic origins of early Iron Age Philistines, confirmed Amos 9:7 by documenting the European origin of the biblical Philistines who came from the island of Caphtor/Crete. The mainstream media completely obscured this astounding aspect of the study but the Smithsonian actually stood the paper on its head. [See also rsr.org/archaeology.]* Also Squeezing Darwin's Theory: - Evolution happens so slowly that we can't see it, yet - it happens so fast that millions of mutations get fixed in a blink of geologic time AND: - Observing a million species annually should show us a million years of evolution, but it doesn't, yet - evolution happens so fast that the billions of "intermediary" fossils are missing AND: - Waiting for helpful random mutations to show up explains the slowness of evolution, yet - adaption to changing environments is often immediate, as with Darwin's finches Finches Adapt in 17 Years, Not 2.3 Million: Charles Darwin's finches are claimed to have taken 2,300,000 years to diversify from an initial species blown onto the Galapagos Islands. Yet individuals from a single finch species on a U.S. Bird Reservation in the Pacific were introduced to a group of small islands 300 miles away and in at most 17 years, like Darwin's finches, they had diversified their beaks, related muscles, and behavior to fill various ecological niches. So Darwin's finches could diversify in just 17 years, and after 2.3 million more years, what had they evolved into? Finches! Hear this also at rsr.org/lee-spetner and see Jean Lightner's review of the Grants' 40 Years. AND: - Fossils of modern organisms are found "earlier" and "earlier" in the geologic column, and - the "oldest" organisms are increasingly found to have anatomical, proteinaceous, prokaryotic, and eukaryotic sophistication and similarity to "modern" organisms AND: - Small populations are in danger of extinction (yet they're needed to fix mutations), whereas - large populations make it impossible for a mutation to become standard AND: - Mutations that express changes too late in an organism's development can't effect its fundamental body plan, and - mutations expressed too early in an organism's development are fatal (hence among the Enyart sayings, "Like evolving a vital organ, most major hurdles for evolutionary theory are extinction-level events.") AND: - To evolve flight, you'd get bad legs - long before you'd get good wings AND: - Most major evolutionary hurdles appear to be extinction-level events- yet somehow even *vital* organs evolve (for many species, that includes reproductive organs, skin, brain, heart, circulatory system, kidney, liver, pancreas, stomach, small intestines, large intestines, lungs -- which are only a part of the complex respiration system) AND: - Natural selection of randomly taller, swifter, etc., fish, mammals, etc. explains evolution yet - development of microscopic molecular machines, feedback mechanisms, etc., which power biology would be oblivous to what's happening in Darwin's macro environment of the entire organism AND: - Neo-Darwinism suggests genetic mutation as the engine of evolution yet - the there is not even a hypothesis for modifying the vast non-genetic information in every living cell including the sugar code, electrical code, the spatial (geometric) code, and the epigenetic code AND: - Constant appeals to "convergent" evolution (repeatedly arising vision, echolocation, warm-bloodedness, etc.) - undermine most Darwinian anatomical classification especially those based on trivialities like odd or even-toed ungulates, etc. AND: - Claims that given a single species arising by abiogenesis, then - Darwinism can explain the diversification of life, ignores the science of ecology and the (often redundant) biological services that species rely upon AND: - humans' vastly superior intelligence indicates, as bragged about for decades by Darwinists, that ape hominids should have the greatest animal intelligence, except that - many so-called "primitive" creatures and those far distant on Darwin's tee of life, exhibit extraordinary rsr.org/animal-intelligence even to processing stimuli that some groups of apes cannot AND: - Claims that the tree of life emerges from a single (or a few) common ancestors - conflict with the discoveries of multiple genetic codes and of thousands of orphan genes that have no similarity (homology) to any other known genes AND (as in the New Scientist cover story, "Darwin Was Wrong about the tree of life", etc.): - DNA sequences have contradicted anatomy-based ancestry claims - Fossil-based ancestry claims have been contradicted by RNA claims - DNA-based ancestry claims have been contradicted by anatomy claims - Protein-based ancestry claims have been contradicted by fossil claims. - And the reverse problem compared to a squeeze. Like finding the largest mall in America built to house just a kid's lemonade stand, see rsr.org/200 for the astounding lack of genetic diversity in humans, plants, and animals, so much so that it could all be accounted for in just about 200 generations! - The multiplied things that evolved multiple times - Etc. * List of Ways Darwinists Invent their Tree of Life, aka Pop Goes the Weasle – Head and Shoulders, Knees and Toes: Evolutionists change their selection of what evidence they use to show 'lineage', from DNA to fossils to genes to body plans to teeth to many specific anatomical features to proteins to behavior to developmental similarities to habitat to RNA, etc. and to a combination of such. Darwinism is an entire endeavor based on selection bias, a kind of logical fallacy. By anti-science they arbitrarily select evidence that best matches whichever evolutionary story is currently preferred." -Bob E. The methodology used to create the family tree edifice to show evolutionary relationships classifies the descent of organisms based on such attributes as odd-toed and even-toed ungulates. Really? If something as wildly sophisticated as vision allegedly evolved multiple times (a dozen or more), then for cryin' out loud, why couldn't something as relatively simple as odd or even toes repeatedly evolve? How about dinosaur's evolving eggs with hard shells? Turns out that "hard-shelled eggs evolved at least three times independently in dinosaurs" (Nature, 2020). However, whether a genus has an odd or even number of toes, and similar distinctions, form the basis for the 150-year-old Darwinist methodology. Yet its leading proponents still haven't acknowledged that their tree building is arbitrary and invalid. Darwin's tree recently fell anyway, and regardless, it has been known to be even theoretically invalid all these many decades. Consider also bipedalism? In their false paradigm, couldn't that evolve twice? How about vertebrate and non-vertebrates, for that matter, evolving multiple times? Etc., etc., etc. Darwinists determine evolutionary family-tree taxonomic relationships based on numbers of toes, when desired, or on hips (distinguishing, for example, dinosaur orders, until they didn't) or limb bones, or feathers, or genes, or fossil sequence, or neck bone, or..., or..., or... Etc. So the platypus, for example, can be described as evolving from pretty much whatever story would be in vogue at the moment...   * "Ancient" Protein as Advanced as Modern Protein: A book review in the journal Science states, "the major conclusion is reached that 'analyses made of the oldest fossils thus far studied do not suggest that their [allegedly 145-million year-old] proteins were chemically any simpler than those now being produced.'" 1972, Biochemistry of Animal Fossils, p. 125 * "Ancient" Lampreys Just Modern Lampreys with Decomposed Brain and Mouth Parts: Ha! Researches spent half-a-year documenting how fish decay. RSR is so glad they did! One of the lessons learned? "[C]ertain parts of the brain and the mouth that distinguish the animals from earlier relatives begin a rapid decay within 24 hours..." :) * 140-million Year Old Spider Web: The BBC and National Geographic report on a 140-million year old spider web in amber which, as young-earth creationists expect, shows threads that resemble silk spun by modern spiders. Evolutionary scientists on the otherhand express surprise "that spider webs have stayed the same for 140 million years." And see the BBC. * Highly-Credentialed Though Non-Paleontologist on Flowers: Dr. Harry Levin who spent the last 15 years of a brilliant career researching paleontology presents much evidence that flowering plants had to originate not 150 million years ago but more than 300 million years ago. (To convert that to an actual historical timeframe, the evidence indicates flowers must have existed prior to the time that the strata, which is popularly dated to 300 mya, actually formed.) * Rampant Convergence: Ubiquitous appeals to "convergent" evolution (vision, echolocation, warm-bloodedness, icthyosaur/dolphin anatomy, etc.), all allegedly evolving multiple times, undermines anatomical classification based on trivialities like odd or even-toed ungulates, etc. * Astronomy's Big Evolution Squeeze: - Universe a billion, wait, two billion, years younger than thought   (so now it has to evolve even more impossibly rapidly) - Sun's evolution squeezes biological evolution - Galaxies evolving too quickly - Dust evolving too quickly - Black holes evolving too quickly - Clusters of galaxies evolving too quickly. * The Sun's Evolution Squeezes Life's Evolution: The earlier evolutionists claim that life began on Earth, the more trouble they have with astrophysicists. Why? They claim that a few billion years ago the Sun would have been far more unstable and cooler. The journal Nature reports that the Faint young Sun paradox remains for the "Sun was fainter when the Earth was young, but the climate was generally at least as warm as today". Further, our star would shoot out radioactive waves many of which being violent enough to blow out Earth's atmosphere into space, leaving Earth dead and dry like Mars without an atmosphere. And ignoring the fact that powerful computer simulators cannot validate the nebula theory of star formation, if the Sun had formed from a condensing gas cloud, a billion years later it still would have been emitting far less energy, even 30% less, than it does today. Forget about the claimed one-degree increase in the planet's temperature from man-made global warming, back when Darwinists imagine life arose, by this just-so story of life spontaneously generating in a warm pond somewhere (which itself is impossible), the Earth would have been an ice ball, with an average temperature of four degrees Fahrenheit below freezing! See also CMI's video download The Young Sun. * Zircons Freeze in Molten Eon Squeezing Earth's Evolution? Zircons "dated" 4 to 4.4 billion years old would have had to freeze (form) when the Earth allegedly was in its Hadean (Hades) Eon and still molten. Geophysicist Frank Stacey (Cambridge fellow, etc.) has suggested they may have formed above ocean trenches where it would be coolest. One problem is that even further squeezes the theory of plate tectonics requiring it to operate two billion years before otherwise claimed. A second problem (for these zircons and the plate tectonics theory itself) is that ancient trenches (now filled with sediments; others raised up above sea level; etc.) have never been found. A third problem is that these zircons contain low isotope ratios of carbon-13 to carbon-12 which evolutionists may try to explain as evidence for life existing even a half-billion years before they otherwise claim. For more about this (and to understand how these zircons actually did form) just click and then search (ctrl-f) for: zircon character. * Evolution Squeezes Life to Evolve with Super Radioactivity: Radioactivity today breaks chromosomes and produces neutral, harmful, and fatal birth defects. Dr. Walt Brown reports that, "A 160-pound person experiences 2,500 carbon-14 disintegrations each second", with about 10 disintergrations per second in our DNA. Worse for evolutionists is that, "Potassium-40 is the most abundant radioactive substance in... every living thing." Yet the percentage of Potassium that was radioactive in the past would have been far in excess of its percent today. (All this is somewhat akin to screws in complex machines changing into nails.) So life would have had to arise from inanimate matter (an impossibility of course) when it would have been far more radioactive than today. * Evolution of Uranium Squeezed by Contrasting Constraints: Uranium's two most abundant isotopes have a highly predictable ratio with 235U/238U equaling 0.007257 with a standard deviation of only 0.000017. Big bang advocates claim that these isotopes formed in distant stellar cataclysms. Yet that these isotopes somehow collected in innumerable small ore bodies in a fixed ratio is absurd. The impossibility of the "big bang" explanation of the uniformity of the uranium ratio (rsr.org/bb#ratio) simultaneously contrasts in the most shocking way with its opposite impossibility of the missing uniform distribution of radioactivity (see rsr.org/bb#distribution) with 90% of Earth's radioactivity in the Earth's crust, actually, the continental crust, and even at that, preferentially near granite! A stellar-cataclysmic explanation within the big bang paradigm for the origin of uranium is severely squeezed into being falsified by these contrasting constraints. * Remarkable Sponges? Yes, But For What Reason? Study co-author Dr. Kenneth S. Kosik, the Harriman Professor of Neuroscience at UC Santa Barbara said, "Remarkably, the sponge genome now reveals that, along the way toward the emergence of animals, genes for an entire network of many specialized cells evolved and laid the basis for the core gene logic of organisms that no longer functioned as single cells." And then there's this: these simplest of creatures have manufacturing capabilities that far exceed our own, as Degnan says, "Sponges produce an amazing array of chemicals of direct interest to the pharmaceutical industry. They also biofabricate silica fibers directly from seawater in an environmentally benign manner, which is of great interest in communications [i.e., fiber optics]. With the genome in hand, we can decipher the methods used by these simple animals to produce materials that far exceed our current engineering and chemistry capabilities." Kangaroo Flashback: From our RSR Darwin's Other Shoe program: The director of Australia's Kangaroo Genomics Centre, Jenny Graves, that "There [are] great chunks of the human genome… sitting right there in the kangaroo genome." And the 20,000 genes in the kangaroo (roughly the same number as in humans) are "largely the same" as in people, and Graves adds, "a lot of them are in the same order!" CMI's Creation editors add that "unlike chimps, kangaroos are not supposed to be our 'close relatives.'" And "Organisms as diverse as leeches and lawyers are 'built' using the same developmental genes." So Darwinists were wrong to use that kind of genetic similarity as evidence of a developmental pathway from apes to humans. Hibernating Turtles: Question to the evolutionist: What happened to the first turtles that fell asleep hibernating underwater? SHOW UPDATE Of Mice and Men: Whereas evolutionists used a very superficial claim of chimpanzee and human genetic similarity as evidence of a close relationship, mice and men are pretty close also. From the Human Genome Project, How closely related are mice and humans?, "Mice and humans (indeed, most or all mammals including dogs, cats, rabbits, monkeys, and apes) have roughly the same number of nucleotides in their genomes -- about 3 billion base pairs. This comparable DNA content implies that all mammals [RSR: like roundworms :)] contain more or less the same number of genes, and indeed our work and the work of many others have provided evidence to confirm that notion. I know of only a few cases in which no mouse counterpart can be found for a particular human gene, and for the most part we see essentially a one-to-one correspondence between genes in the two species." * Related RSR Reports: See our reports on the fascinating DNA sequencing results from roundworms and the chimpanzee's Y chromosome! * Genetic Bottleneck, etc: Here's an excerpt from rsr.org/why-was-canaan-cursed... A prediction about the worldwide distribution of human genetic sequencing (see below) is an outgrowth of the Bible study at that same link (aka rsr.org/canaan), in that scientists will discover a genetic pattern resulting from not three but four sons of Noah's wife. Relevant information comes also from mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) which is not part of any of our 46 chromosomes but resides outside of the nucleus. Consider first some genetic information about Jews and Arabs, Jewish priests, Eve, and Noah. Jews and Arabs Biblical Ancestry: Dr. Jonathan Sarfati quotes the director of the Human Genetics Program at New York University School of Medicine, Dr. Harry Ostrer, who in 2000 said: Jews and Arabs are all really children of Abraham … And all have preserved their Middle Eastern genetic roots over 4,000 years. This familiar pattern, of the latest science corroborating biblical history, continues in Dr. Sarfati's article, Genesis correctly predicts Y-Chromosome pattern: Jews and Arabs shown to be descendants of one man. Jewish Priests Share Genetic Marker: The journal Nature in its scientific correspondence published, Y Chromosomes of Jewish Priests, by scie

In this episode, Dr. Kharrazian discusses chronic infections and antibiotic resistance. Topics include hidden pathogen reservoirs, the role of biofilms in persistent illnesses, and why future generations may struggle with basic bacterial treatment. Hear about innovative strategies like probiotics, fecal transplants, and natural disruptors combating resistant strains. Discover how maintaining immune health is key to battling evolving bacteria and learn practical tips to protect yourself. Learn more at drknews.comFor patient-oriented courses, visit https://drknews.com/online-courses/For CE and CME practitioner courses, visit https://kharrazianinstitute.com/00:00 Bacteria classified by Gram stain, cause illness.07:25 Intestinal permeability leads to severe systemic inflammation.10:58 Systemic inflammation, endotoxemia: barrier breakdown, severe illness.20:21 Mycobacterium tuberculosis can reactivate when immunocompromised.26:06 Biofilms cause 80% of chronic bacterial infections.28:25 Biofilms influence IBS and ulcerative colitis severity.33:04 Biofilms cause persistent infections and antibiotic resistance.38:51 Combine medication and natural medicine for bacterial biofilms.45:30 Genetic predisposition causes recurrent E. coli infections.50:48 Poor hygiene impacts multiple body systems significantly.55:28 Bacteria developed resistance, antibiotics became ineffective.01:05:44 Probiotics with antibiotics reduce post-surgery complications.01:11:30 Antibiotics disrupt crucial short chain fatty acid levels.01:13:13 Use antibiotics, probiotics, and short-chain fatty acids.01:18:06 Candida aids immunity but causes problems if overpopulated.Support this show http://supporter.acast.com/solving-the-puzzle-with-dr-datis-kharrazian. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this episode, we delve into the world of tuberculosis (TB) with ECDC microbiology expert Csaba Kodmon. We explore the importance of molecular surveillance in tracking genetic variations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, identifying emerging strains, and preventing epidemics. Csaba discusses cross-border molecular clusters and how data from EU member states aids in understanding TB transmission dynamics. Read more about TB on our dedicated page here. For more information about ECDC in general please visit ⁠ecdc.europa.eu⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ or follow us on ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠social media⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠.

Dr. Jackie Sherbuk, Assistant Professor of Medicine at the USF Morsani College of Medicine, presents this case-based review of the opportunistic infectious syndromes associated with HIV-AIDS. The speaker covers PJP prophylaxis and treatment, HIV pulmonary disease, and cryptococcal meningitis. Dr. Sherbuk also discusses IRIS (Immune Response Inflammatory Syndrome) and its effect on the AIDS patient when antiretrovirals are started. Lastly, Dr. Sherbuk covers HIV esophageal disorders, Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, and Mycobacterium avian-complex-related syndromes.

Curious about how armadillos and ancient diseases intersect? Prepare to be captivated as we unravel the fascinating mysteries surrounding Hansen's disease, more commonly known as leprosy. We start this season with some fresh faces: Christina Rios, a first-year medical student with a veterinary background, and Camille Ledoux, a third-year PhD candidate specializing in infectious disease biology. They join us for a lively discussion that seamlessly transitions from humorous pop culture references to the serious history of leprosy. With expert insights from Dr. Dacso, we uncover the history, clinical presentations, and treatments of this age-old disease. Ever wondered if Godzilla could be a carrier of leprosy? We tackle this amusing hypothesis head-on, while focusing on the real-life connection between armadillos and Hansen's disease. Discover how armadillos, unlike our reptilian movie monsters, play a pivotal role in scientific research due to their susceptibility to Mycobacterium leprae. Learn about the ways armadillos are used as laboratory models to replicate human symptoms, helping us understand critical aspects of nerve damage and skin lesions in leprosy patients. We'll also discuss the methods of transmission and the historical stigma that has long surrounded this misunderstood disease, plus essential safety precautions for those who might encounter armadillos in the wild.Stigma has always clouded diseases, like leprosy, TB, and HIV, but can compassion and education pave the way for change? We explore this complex issue by examining the history of Hansen's disease, including possible origins and the evolution of human resistance. Drawing parallels with the stigma surrounding other infectious diseases, we emphasize the importance of empathy and higher-order thinking in overcoming fear and prejudice. Our conversation aims to foster a more inclusive society where health care is accessible and free of stigma, proving that understanding the interconnectedness of global health can lead to a more compassionate world. Join us for an episode rich in science, history, and heartfelt discussion.Thanks for listening to the Infectious Science Podcast. Be sure to visit infectiousscience.org to join the conversation, access the show notes, and don't forget to sign up for our newsletter to receive our free materials. We hope you enjoyed this new episode of Infectious Science, and if you did, please leave us a review on Apple Podcasts and Spotify. Please share this episode with others who may be interested in this topic! Also, please don't hesitate to ask questions or tell us which topics you want us to cover in future episodes. To get in touch, drop us a line in the comment section or send us a message on social media. Twitter @Infectious_SciInstagram @tick_virusFacebook Infectious Science PodcastSee you next time for a new episode!

Drs. Jeffrey Pearson and Jason Pogue join Dr. Jeannette Bouchard as they take on all things tetracyclines. Starting with tetracycline, they walk through differences between each generation and drug in this class, from dosing all the way to pertinent resistance mechanisms. You will not want to miss out on this one! This podcast was supported by an unrestricted grant from Paratek Pharmaceuticals Inc. References: Omadacycline for Mycobacterium abscessus smaller case series: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa415 Omadacycline for Mycobacterium abscessus larger case series: 10.1093/ofid/ofab002 Long term safety of omadacycline in Mycobacterium abscessus: 10.1093/ofid/ofad335 USCAST Acinetobacter baumannii Recommendations for Susceptibility Test Interpretive Criteria: https://www.uscast.org/uploads/1/1/9/0/119044870/uscast_alepak_acbc_stic_08feb23.pdf

Episode 173: Acute OsteomyelitisFuture Dr. Tran explains the pathophysiology of osteomyelitis and describes the presentation, diagnosis and management of acute osteomyelitis. Dr. Arreaza provides information about    Written by Di Tran, MSIII, Ross University School of Medicine. Editing and comments by Hector Arreaza, MD.You are listening to Rio Bravo qWeek Podcast, your weekly dose of knowledge brought to you by the Rio Bravo Family Medicine Residency Program from Bakersfield, California, a UCLA-affiliated program sponsored by Clinica Sierra Vista, Let Us Be Your Healthcare Home. This podcast was created for educational purposes only. Visit your primary care provider for additional medical advice.What is osteomyelitis?Osteomyelitis, in simple terms, is an infectious disease that affects both bone and bone marrow and is either acute or chronic.  According to archaeological findings of animal fossils with a bone infection, osteomyelitis was more than likely to be known as a “disease for old individuals”.Our ancestors over the years have used various vocabulary terms to describe this disease until a French surgeon, Dr. Nelaton, came up with the term “Osteomyelitis” in 1844. This is the beauty of medical terms, Latin sounds complicated for some people, but if you break up the term, it makes sense: Osteo = bone, myelo = marrow, itis = inflammation. So, inflammation of the bone marrow.Traditionally, osteomyelitis develops from 3 different sources:First category is the “hematOgenous” spread of the infection within the bloodstream, as in bacteremia. It is more frequent in children and long bones are usually affected. [Arreaza: it means that the infection started somewhere else but it got “planted” in the bones]Second route is “direct inoculation” of bacteria from the contiguous site of infection “without vascular insufficiency”, or trauma, which may occur secondary to fractures or surgery in adults.  In elderly patients, the infection may be related to decubitus ulcers and joint replacements.And the third route is the “contiguous” infection “with vascular insufficiency”, most seen in a patient with a diabetic foot infection.Patients with vascular insufficiency often have compromised blood supply to the lower extremities, and poor circulation impairs healing. In these situations, infection often occurs in small bones of the feet with minimal to no pain due to neuropathy.They can have ulcers, as well as paronychia, cellulitis, or puncture wounds.Thus, the importance of treating onychomycosis in diabetes because the fungus does not cause a lot of problems by itself, but it can cause breaks in the nails that can be a port of entry for bacteria to cause severe infections. Neuropathy is an important risk factor because of the loss of protective sensation. Frequently, patients may step on a foreign object and not feel it until there is swelling, purulent discharge, and redness, and they come to you because it “does not look good.”Acute osteomyelitis often takes place within 2 weeks of onset of the disease, and the main histopathological findings are microorganisms, congested blood vessels, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, or neutrophilic infiltrates.What are the bugs that cause osteomyelitis?Pathogens in osteomyelitis are heavily depended on the patient's age.  Staph. aureus is the most common culprit of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis in children and adults.  Then comes Group A Strep., Strep. pneumoniae, Pseudomonas, Kingella, and methicillin-resistant Staph. aureus.  In newborns, we have Group B Streptococcal. Less common pathogens are associated with certain clinical presentations, including Aspergillus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Candida in the immunocompromised.Salmonella species can be found in patients with sickle cell disease, Bartonella species in patients with HIV infection, and Pasteurella or Eikenella species from human or animal bites.It is important to gather a complete medical history of the patient, such as disorders that may put them at risk of osteomyelitis, such as diabetes, malnutrition, smoking, peripheral or coronary artery disease, immune deficiencies, IV drug use, prosthetic joints, cancer, and even sickle cell anemia. Those pieces of information can guide your assessment and plan.What is the presentation of osteomyelitis?Acute osteomyelitis may present symptoms over a few days from onset of infection but usually is within a 2-week window period.  Adults will develop local symptoms of erythema, swelling, warmth, and dull pain at the site of infection with or without systemic symptoms of fever or chills.Children will also be present with lethargy or irritability in addition to the symptoms already mentioned.It may be challenging to diagnose osteomyelitis at the early stages of infection, but you must have a high level of suspicion in patients with high risks. A thorough physical examination sometimes will show other significant findings of soft tissue infection, bony tenderness, joint effusion, decreased ROM, and even exposed bone. Diagnosis.As a rule of thumb, the gold standard for the diagnosis of osteomyelitis is bone biopsy with histopathology findings and tissue culture. There is leukocytosis, but then WBC counts can be normal even in the setting of acute osteomyelitis.Inflammatory markers (CRP, ESR) are often elevated although both have very low specificity. Blood cultures should always be obtained whenever osteomyelitis is suspected.  A bone biopsy should also be performed for definitive diagnosis, and specimens should undergo both aerobic and anaerobic cultures.  In cases of osteomyelitis from diabetic foot infection, do the “probe to bone” test. What we do is we use a sterile steel probe to detect bone which is helpful for osteomyelitis confirmation.Something that we can't miss out on is radiographic imaging, which is quite important for the evaluation of osteomyelitis.  Several modalities are useful and can be used for the work-up plan; plain radiographs often are the very first step in the assessment due to their feasibility, low cost, and safety.  Others are bone scintigraphy, CT-scan, and MRI.  In fact, the MRI is widely used and provides better information for early detection of osteomyelitis than other imaging modalities.  It can detect necrotic bone, sinus tracts, and even abscesses. We look for soft tissue swelling, cortical bone loss, active bone resorption and remodeling, and periosteal reaction.  Oftentimes, plain radiography and MRI are used in combination. Treatment:Treatment of osteomyelitis actually is a teamwork effort among various medical professionals, including the primary care provider, the radiologist, the vascular, the pharmacist, the podiatrist, an infectious disease specialist, orthopedic surgeons, and the wound care team.Something to take into consideration, if the patient is hemodynamically stable it is highly recommended to delay empirical antibiotic treatment 48-72 hours until a bone biopsy is obtained.  The reason is that with percutaneous biopsy ideally done before the initiation of antibiotic treatment, “the microbiological yield will be higher”.We'll have a better idea of what particular bugs are causing the problem and guide the treatment appropriately. The choice of antibiotic therapy is strongly determined by susceptibilities results.  The antibiotic given will be narrowed down only for the targeted susceptible organisms.  In the absence of such information, or when a hospitalized patient presents with an increased risk for MRSA infection, empiric antibiotic coverage is then administered while awaiting culture results. It should be broad-spectrum antibiotics and include coverage for MRSA, broad gram-negative and anaerobic bacteria.  For example, vancomycin plus piperacillin-tazobactam, or with broad-spectrum cephalosporin plus clindamycin.  Treatment will typically be given for 4 to 6 weeks.The duration between 4-6 weeks is important for complete healing, but a small study with a small sample showed that an even shorter duration of 3 weeks may be effective, but more research is needed. In certain situations, surgery is necessary to preserve viable tissue and prevent recurrent infection, especially when there are deep abscesses, necrosis, or gangrene, amputation or debridement is deemed appropriate. If the infected bone is completely removed, patients may need a shorter course of antibiotics, even a few days only. Amputation can be very distressing, especially when we need to remove large pieces of infected bone, for example, a below-the-knee amputation. We need to be sensitive to the patient's feelings and make a shared decision about the best treatment for them.In patients with diabetes, additional care must be taken seriously, patient education about the need for compliance with treatment recommendations, with careful wound care, and good glycemic control are all beneficial for the healing and recovery process. Because this is a very common problem in the clinic and at the hospital, we must keep our eyes wide open and carefully assess patients with suspected osteomyelitis to detect it promptly and start appropriate treatment. Adequate and timely treatment is linked to fewer complications and better outcomes._________________________Conclusion: Now we conclude episode number 173, “Acute Osteomyelitis.” Future Dr. Tran explained the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of osteomyelitis. A bone biopsy is the ideal method of diagnosis. Delaying antibiotic treatment a few days until you get a biopsy is allowed if the patient is stable, but if the patient is unstable, antibiotics must be started promptly. Dr. Arreaza mentioned the implications of amputation and that we must discuss this treatment empathically with our patients. This week we thank Hector Arreaza and Di Tran. Audio editing by Adrianne Silva.Even without trying, every night you go to bed a little wiser. Thanks for listening to Rio Bravo qWeek Podcast. We want to hear from you, send us an email at RioBravoqWeek@clinicasierravista.org, or visit our website riobravofmrp.org/qweek. See you next week! _____________________References:Bury DC, Rogers TS, Dickman MM. Osteomyelitis: Diagnosis and Treatment. Am Fam Physician. 2021 Oct 1;104(4):395-402. PMID: 34652112.Cunha BA. Osteomyelitis in elderly patients. Clin Infect Dis. 2002 Aug 1;35(3):287-93. doi: 10.1086/341417. Epub 2002 Jul 11. PMID: 12115094.Fritz JM, McDonald JR. Osteomyelitis: approach to diagnosis and treatment. Phys Sportsmed. 2008 Dec;36(1):nihpa116823. doi: 10.3810/psm.2008.12.11. PMID: 19652694; PMCID: PMC2696389.Hatzenbuehler J, Pulling TJ. Diagnosis and management of osteomyelitis. Am Fam Physician. 2011 Nov 1;84(9):1027-33. PMID: 22046943.Hofstee MI, Muthukrishnan G, Atkins GJ, Riool M, Thompson K, Morgenstern M, Stoddart MJ, Richards RG, Zaat SAJ, Moriarty TF. Current Concepts of Osteomyelitis: From Pathologic Mechanisms to Advanced Research Methods. Am J Pathol. 2020 Jun;190(6):1151-1163. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.02.007. Epub 2020 Mar 16. PMID: 32194053.Momodu II, Savaliya V. Osteomyelitis. [Updated 2023 May 31]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532250/Royalty-free music used for this episode: Trap Chiller by Gushito, downloaded on Nov 06, 2023, from https://www.videvo.net 

Marilyn Fabbri joins TWiP to reveal the case of a patient who became very ill after he and a number of friends attended a large dinner where venison and boar were served. Hosts: Daniel Griffin, Dickson Despommier and Christina Naula Guest: Marilyn Fabbri Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Links for this episode Join the MicrobeTV Discord server Toxoplasma gondii (TWiP 12) Parasitic Diseases Lectures #15: Toxoplasmosis Letters read on TWiP 237 Become a patron of TWiP  New Case Man in his 60s with HIV/AIDS CD4 count less than 50, CD4% less than 5% and elevated viral load (VL) with report of prior CNS toxoplasmosis requiring a craniotomy, disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), comes in with fever and very watery diarrhea x 4 days. He reports that he lives in Georgia but comes up to NY for his HIV care and stays in NYC. Send your guesses to twip@microbe.tv with TWiP 237 in the subject line Send your questions and comments to twip@microbe.tv Music by Ronald Jenkees

Every year, tuberculosis claims over a million lives despite being curable. Tuberculosis or TB is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. About 5–10% of people infected with TB will eventually get symptoms. In the early stages a TB infection might cause chest pain, a cough, night sweats, and loss of appetite. But eventually it could create holes in the lungs and cause you to cough up blood. And of course, TB can be deadly.In this episode of Tiny Matters, Sam and Deboki talk with TB researcher Uzma Khan as well as John Green, the author of books including The Anthropocene Reviewed, Paper Towns, The Fault in Our Stars, and Turtles All the Way Down. John is also the co-creator of Crash Course and one half of the vlogbrothers — the other half being his brother Hank Green, who Deboki and Sam chatted with on the show last year. Although he's best known as an author and YouTuber, last summer John made headlines for something else: fighting for more equitable access to tuberculosis treatments, particularly bedaquiline, an incredibly effective and essential medicine for patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis.In this episode, Sam and Deboki cover the science and history of this devastating yet treatable disease, the recent public pressure on companies that is leading to increased treatment and testing access, and clinical trials that make John and Uzma hopeful that one day this humanity-plaguing disease could be gone. If you'd like to learn more, go to tbfighters.org. You can also subscribe to John's newsletter: tbfighters.org/newsletter.  We have a YouTube channel! Full-length audio episodes can be found here. And to see video of Sam, Deboki, and episode guests, check out Tiny Matters YouTube shorts here!Links to the Tiny Show & Tell stories are here and here. Pick up a Tiny Matters mug here! All Tiny Matters transcripts are available here.

KSQD 4-17-2024: This week's show explores the line between helpful health advice and harmful food-related misinformation, particularly the anti-diet trend being promoted by certain influencers. We delve into a fascinating medical breakthrough involving the creation of "mini livers" to support patients awaiting transplants. Listeners offered valuable insights and recommendations this week: one recommended a thought-provoking book on cancer detection, while another shared a potential remedy for long COVID symptoms. We also address a serious health concern for an elderly listener diagnosed with a Mycobacterium infection, discussing the diagnosis and treatment options. Additionally, we investigate the potential of neuropeptides for addressing treatment-resistant depression and cover several short but impactful health news updates: a concerning rise in bacterial meningitis, the science behind teens' unique scent, and a baffling case of a man claiming to have received over 200 COVID vaccinations.

Host: Darryl S. Chutka, M.D. [@chutkaMD] Guest: Zelalem Temesgen, M.D. It's thought that a variant of tuberculosis originated in East Africa around 3 million years ago with the current strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis dating back at least 20,000 years. Although easily spread from one person to another, not everyone infected develops active disease. The management of tuberculosis varies, and although there is a vaccine, it's not commonly used in the U.S.  Effective pharmacologic treatment is available, however drug-resistant strains have presented challenges in some cases. This podcast is in recognition of World Tuberculosis Day, March 24, the day that Dr. Robert Koch reported Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. We'll discuss the disease, it's diagnosis and management with infectious disease specialist and Professor of Medicine, Zelalem Temesgen, M.D., from the Mayo Clinic. Connect with the Mayo Clinic's School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd. 

Getting our hands dirty is not a new idea. A strong connection to soil has always been critical for human thriving. Around 12,000 years ago, our hunter-gatherer ancestors started transitioning into a farming culture. Growing crops became a reliable and sustainable way to access high-quality food.  Besides the nutritional benefits, gardening has been shown to improve our well-being in many ways. Studies have shown that time spent gardening can increase physical activity, offer a tangible sense of purpose, and reduce the risk of cognitive decline. Some research has shown that regular gardening may assist in reducing the risk of dementia by up to 50%.Therapeutic horticulture programs have been used in hospitals for many years, increasing satisfaction and reducing stress, which can reduce healing times. Contact with specific bacteria in the soil, called Mycobacterium vaccae, releases serotonin in the brain, which serves as a natural anti-depressant and strengthens the immune system. According to a 2021 National Gardening Association study, over 18 million people became new gardeners, and existing gardeners spent 47% more time with their hands in the dirt.   Welcome to Episode Thirty-Five of The Nature of Wellness Podcast.  On this episode, we sat down with a couple of amazing representatives of the horticulture world. Alexis  Ashworth is the Founder and CEO of Root in Nature, a Canada-based company with the vision of “A world where people live their healthiest lives through connection with plants and nature. Katie McGillivray, a Registered Horticultural Therapist, is the company's Lead for Courses and Community. Join us as we talk to Alexis and Katie about their personal and professional relationships with the natural world, the many benefits of horticultural therapy, and the community-serving mission of Root in Nature. These two “Green Thumbs” discuss how a garden is a perfect backdrop for social connection, which plants best serve us based on our needs, and the best ways to start gardening as a beginner. This was a conversation we could certainly “dig” (pun intended). Please subscribe, rate, and leave a review anywhere you listen to this podcast.We appreciate you all.Be Well-NOWRoot in Nature Website: https://rootinnature.ca/Root in Nature Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/root.in.natureLinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/root-in-nature/Alexis' contact: alexis@rootinnature.ca* The Nature of Wellness Podcast is produced by the remarkable Shawn Bell.** The NOW theme song was written, performed, produced, and graciously provided by the incredibly talented Phil and Niall Monahan. 

Today, Associate Professor of Biology Dr. Julia van Kessel of Indiana University will chat with us about how groups of bacteria can sense one another and carry out behavior as a collective…including some kinds of disease! Host: Mark O. Martin Guest: Julia van Kessel Subscribe: Apple Podcasts, Spotify Become a patron of Matters Microbial! Links for this episode An introduction to the horrific disease leprosy, caused by the quite strange organism Mycobacterium leprae. An overview of the Hansen Institute in Ethiopia. A solid overview of quorum sensing. A very interesting review article about quorum sensing. A video that two of my Bio350 Micronauts (including a former guest of our podcast, Dr. Ruth Isenberg) put together some years ago to illustrate the idea of quorum sensing. A very clear overview of quorum sensing by the highly energetic and brilliant Dr. Bonnie Bassler, one of the giants of this field. A #LuxArt show I organized a few years ago at Carleton College, where I encouraged students to create art by “painting” with luminous bacteria on Petri dishes.  It is a true merger of art and science. Using Chromobacterium to “look” for quorum sensing molecules.  I made this imperfect video to illustrate the concept. My old friend Vibrio harveyi, which Dr. van Kessel uses in her laboratory. Vibrio coralliilyticus, which causes coral diseases. If you are interested in learning about how some bacteria have what seems to be a molecular switchblade knife—the Type 6 Secretory System— to use against other bacteria or other organisms, the link above is a fine place to start.  In addition, a Bio350 student of mine made a lovely Claymation video of the process some years ago. Here is Dr. van Kessel's faculty website at Indiana University in Bloomington. Here is the laboratory website—with excellent graphics and videos—of Dr. van Kessel's group. Intro music is by Reber Clark Send your questions and comments to mattersmicrobial@gmail.com

Dr. Anthony Cannella, Associate Professor of Medicine at the University of South Florida Division of Infectious Diseases, presents this update on nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections. Dr. Cannella begins by discussing the taxonomy of nontuberculous mycobacteria. Next, he reviews epidemiology including the common methods of transmission of the infection. He then describes the immunological factors that confer increased susceptibility for certain individuals. Laboratory growth characteristics are also reviewed. Dr. Cannella then reviews the most significant species of NTM producing disease in humans. He begins by describing Mycobacterium avium complex, and then discusses M. kansasii, M. xenopii, M. haemophilum, S. szulgai, and M. marinum. Clinical cases are presented throughout the talk to help with information retention and provide specific clinical examples.

In this episode, we review the high-yield topic of ⁠Mycobacterium Other Than Tuberculosis (MOTTS) ⁠⁠⁠⁠ from the Heme section. Follow ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Medbullets⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ on social media: Facebook: www.facebook.com/medbullets Instagram: www.instagram.com/medbulletsofficial Twitter: www.twitter.com/medbullets Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/company/medbullets

We managed to make it through 2023 without a major epidemic or pandemic, and as we get into the holiday spirit and look forward to the new year, some of us took a look back and picked out one of our favorite JCM paper published in 2023, which I will tell you, was no easy task as there were many of good ones to choose from! And personally, after looking through all the issues over the last year, it never ceases to amaze me the variety of topics that we publish on in JCM – including unique things like the evaluation of a molecular assay for diagnosis of Buruli ulcers, to development of an EIA for detection of Taenia coproantigen, and then of course we have the more bread and butter things like evaluation of new assays for detection of TB resistance, to multiple studies this year on women's health diagnostics, and evaluation of new molecular assays for congenital CMV detection, and then I'm also told that there were some awesome AST-focused papers too, which is all just great. The four of us JCM editors have selected the following favorite papers of ours from the past year:   Whole-Genome Subtyping Reveals Population Structure and Host Adaptation of Salmonella Typhimurium from Wild Birds | Journal of Clinical Microbiology (asm.org) Detailed β-(1→3)-D-glucan and mannan antigen kinetics in patients with candidemia | Journal of Clinical Microbiology (asm.org) Interlaboratory comparison of Pseudomonas aeruginosa phage susceptibility testing | Journal of Clinical Microbiology (asm.org) Emergence of Inducible Macrolide Resistance in Mycobacterium chelonae Due to Broad-Host-Range Plasmid and Chromosomal Variants of the Novel 23S rRNA Methylase Gene, erm(55) | Journal of Clinical Microbiology Commentary: Plasmid-mediated drug resistance in mycobacteria: the tip of the iceberg? | Journal of Clinical Microbiology Guests: Melissa Miller, Ph.D., D(ABMM), FAAM, University of North Carolina Medical Center Patricia Simner, Ph.D., D(ABMM), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine This episode of Editors in Conversation is brought to you by the Journal of Clinical Microbiology and hosted by JCM Editor in Chief, Alex McAdam and Dr. Elli Theel. JCM is available at https://jcm.asm.org and on https://twitter.com/JClinMicro. Visit journals.asm.org/journal/jcm to read articles and/or submit a manuscript.

Today's episode promises an insightful exploration into a unique case centered on retropharyngeal abscess in the PICU, offering a comprehensive analysis of its clinical manifestations, pathophysiology, diagnostic strategies, and evidence-based management approaches.Today, we unravel the layers of a compelling case involving a 9-month-old with a retropharyngeal abscess, delving into the intricacies of its diagnosis, management, and the critical role played by PICU specialists. Join us as we navigate through the clinical landscape of RPA, providing not only a detailed analysis of the presented case but also valuable takeaways for professionals in the field and those aspiring to enter the world of pediatric intensive care. Welcome to PICU Doc On Call – where MED-ED meets the real challenges of the PICU.Case PresentationPatient: 9-month-old male with rapid symptom onset, left neck swelling, fever, noisy breathing, and decreased oral intake.Initial presentation: Left neck swelling, limited neck mobility, and deteriorating condition.Imaging: Neck X-ray and CT scan with IV contrast confirmed Retropharyngeal Abscess (RPA).Management: High-flow nasal cannula, intravenous antibiotics, and consultation with ENT. PICU admission for comprehensive care.Key ElementsRapid Symptom OnsetNeck Swelling & DroolingLimited Neck MobilityProblem RepresentationA previously healthy 9-month-old male with a recent upper respiratory infection, presenting with rapid-onset left neck swelling, fever, and respiratory distress. Imaging suggestive of a Retropharyngeal Abscess, requiring urgent PICU management for airway protection and antibiotic therapy.Pathophysiology of RPAAnatomy of retropharyngeal spaceRapid communication of infections via lymph nodesInfection sources: dental issues, trauma, localized infections (e.g., otitis, URI)Dangers of RPAAirway compromise and posterior mediastinitisProgression from cellulitis to abscessMicrobial suspects: Group A Streptococcus, anaerobes, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenza, Klebsiella, Mycobacterium avium-intracellulareClinical ManifestationsSeen predominantly in children aged 3-4 yearsNon-specific symptoms in the acute settingPronounced symptoms in PICU: neck pain, stiffness, torticollis, muffled voice, stridor, respiratory distress

Here Dr Patel talks about his topical glutathione treatment Glutaryl and the recent trial that was conducted at McGill University. Dr. Nayan Patel is an alumnus of the University Of Southern California School Of Pharmacy, where he now serves as adjunct faculty. A pharmacist for over three decades, Patel is an internationally recognized expert, consultant, and lecturer on the Master Antioxidant Glutathione. Dr. Patel founded Auro Wellness in 2011 to create products to help the body function at an optimal level and reduce the long-term impact of stress on the body. Through his research, Dr. Patel stabilized Glutathione, improved absorption, and increased its effectiveness with the Auro GSH™ Antioxidant Delivery System. He is the author of The Glutathione Revolution: Fight Disease, Slow Aging & Increase Energy, which addresses how powerful and essential Glutathione is to the body's detoxification system and how to increase the body's levels naturally.

Vivimos inmersos en un fluido, el aire, y nuestros cuerpos están compuestos en un 70 por ciento de otro, el agua. La dinámica de fluidos, la rama de la física que estudia el movimiento de líquidos, gases y plasma, desempeña un papel fundamental en todas las escalas imaginables, desde los fenómenos atmosféricos terrestres, al batido de las olas en el mar, el vuelo de los aviones o la circulación de la sangre. Las ecuaciones que describen estos comportamientos fueron formuladas a principios del siglo XIX por los físicos Navier y Stokes pero hasta la fecha no han podido ser resueltas de forma general y constituyen uno de los famosos siete problemas del Milenio, dotado con un millón de euros para quien encuentre la solución. Hemos entrevistado a Diego Córdoba, investigador del CSIC en el Instituto de Ciencias Matemáticas, uno de los mayores expertos del mundo en dinámica de fluidos, recién galardonado con el Premio Nacional de Investigación ‘Julio Rey Pastor’. Las concentraciones en la atmósfera de los gases de efecto invernadero (dióxido de carbono, metano y óxido nitroso) han batido un record histórico en 2022, según la Organización Meteorológica Mundial. Como nos ha informado nuestra compañera Rosa Basteiro, el CO2 atmosférico ha superado por primera vez el 50% por encima de la era preindustrial. La última vez que hubo una concentración semejante fue hace más de tres millones de años. También hemos conocido un informe de IsGlobal que eleva a más de 70.000 el númeo de fallecimientos relacionados con el calor en Europa durante el verano de 2022. Carolina Morán nos ha informado de una investigación del CSIC sobre las praderas de posidonia que emplea modelos matemáticos y análisis de redes de conexión para comprender mejor como se dispersan sus frutos y semillas de esta planta marina. Con testimonios de Andrés Ospina-Alvarez (IMEDEA/CSIC) y Baptiste Mourre (ICTS SOCIB). Álvaro Martínez del Pozo ha dedicado su sección “Moléculas imprescindibles para la vida” a la adenina, una de las cuatro bases del ADN. Jesús Pérez Gil nos ha contado como las bacterias causantes de la tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) forman cuerdas que estrangulan el núcleo de células del sistema inmunitario, lo que permite su supervivencia y proliferación. Es un estudio internacional en el que ha participado con su grupo de la Complutense. Humberto Bustince ha dirigidouna investigación que ha logrado simplificar un método de Inteligencia Artificial que opera con imágenes para predecir la gravedad en paciente COVID. Escuchar audio

Here Dr Patel talks about the changes that happen with glutathione as we age, why it is important and what we can do to restore the levels. Dr. Nayan Patel is an alumnus of the University Of Southern California School Of Pharmacy, where he now serves as adjunct faculty. A pharmacist for over three decades, Patel is an internationally recognized expert, consultant, and lecturer on the Master Antioxidant Glutathione. Dr. Patel founded Auro Wellness in 2011 to create products to help the body function at an optimal level and reduce the long-term impact of stress on the body. Through his research, Dr. Patel stabilized Glutathione, improved absorption, and increased its effectiveness with the Auro GSH™ Antioxidant Delivery System. He is the author of The Glutathione Revolution: Fight Disease, Slow Aging & Increase Energy, which addresses how powerful and essential Glutathione is to the body's detoxification system and how to increase the body's levels naturally.

Here Dr Patel talks about glutathione's major two functions in the body, as an antioxidant and a detoxifier. He also discusses measuring our glutathione levels and what would be a good value to aim for. Dr. Nayan Patel is an alumnus of the University Of Southern California School Of Pharmacy, where he now serves as adjunct faculty. A pharmacist for over three decades, Patel is an internationally recognized expert, consultant, and lecturer on the Master Antioxidant Glutathione. Dr. Patel founded Auro Wellness in 2011 to create products to help the body function at an optimal level and reduce the long-term impact of stress on the body. Through his research, Dr. Patel stabilized Glutathione, improved absorption, and increased its effectiveness with the Auro GSH™ Antioxidant Delivery System. He is the author of The Glutathione Revolution: Fight Disease, Slow Aging & Increase Energy, which addresses how powerful and essential Glutathione is to the body's detoxification system and how to increase the body's levels naturally.

This episode discusses four MMWR reports. First, hepatitis A vaccines prevent deaths, but they are still not reaching adults at highest risk. Second, the U.S. firearm homicide rate decreased in 2022, but remained higher than before the COVID-19 pandemic. Third, a Mycobacterium abscessus outbreak is linked to contaminated water and improper infection prevention and control practices. Finally, severe cases of Bartonella quintana infection were detected among people experiencing unsheltered homelessness in New York City.

In this episode, Charles L. Daley, MD, discusses guideline-based treatment recommendations for nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) lung disease, including treatment regimens for:Mycobacterium avium complexM. kansasiiM. xenopiWe will also hear from a patient who describes the use of airway clearance devices and a patient who describes his typical NTM treatment course.Finally, we hear Dr. Daley discuss a patient case with his colleagues, Shannon Kasperbauer, MD, and Pamela J. McShane, MD.Presenters:Charles L. Daley, MD​Professor of Medicine​Division of Mycobacterial and Respiratory Infections ​National Jewish Health​Denver, Colorado​Shannon Kasperbauer, MD​Associate Professor of Medicine​Division of Mycobacterial and Respiratory Infections​National Jewish Health​Denver, Colorado​Pamela J. McShane, MD​Professor of Medicine​Division of Pulmonary and ​Critical Care Medicine​The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler​Tyler, TexasLink to program page: https://bit.ly/3QzJo2BLink to downloadable slides: https://bit.ly/3Qh8T7G 

This week, we address the reemergence of leprosy, a disease rarely seen until now, with particular attention to the warning by New York University physician Marc K. Siegel. While the United States generally reports only 150 to 250 leprosy cases yearly, globally, 2 to 3 million people grapple with leprosy-related disabilities. Siegel emphasizes the risk in certain US cities, such as Los Angeles, where unsanitary conditions among the homeless population create fertile ground for diseases like leprosy to thrive. Leprosy, caused by Mycobacterium leprae, can spread more easily in overcrowded, unhygienic environments. Early detection is vital, but homeless individuals often lack access to medical care, risking severe complications if left untreated, including nerve damage, skin lesions, and blindness. Siegel stresses the need for attention to permanent disabilities and the potential for public panic if leprosy takes hold among the homeless population.

-- Finches Diversify in Decades, Opals Form in Months,  Man's Genetic Diversity in 200 Generations, C-14 Everywhere: Real Science Radio hosts Bob Enyart and Fred Williams present their classic program that led to the audience-favorites rsr.org/list-shows! See below and hear on today's radio program our list of Not So Old and Not So Slow Things! From opals forming in months to man's genetic diversity in 200 generations, and with carbon 14 everywhere it's not supposed to be (including in diamonds and dinosaur bones!), scientific observations fill the guys' most traditional list challenging those who claim that the earth is billions of years old. Many of these scientific finds demand a re-evaluation of supposed million and billion-year ages. * Finches Adapt in 17 Years, Not 2.3 Million: Charles Darwin's finches are claimed to have taken 2,300,000 years to diversify from an initial species blown onto the Galapagos Islands. Yet individuals from a single finch species on a U.S. Bird Reservation in the Pacific were introduced to a group of small islands 300 miles away and in at most 17 years, like Darwin's finches, they had diversified their beaks, related muscles, and behavior to fill various ecological niches. Hear about this also at rsr.org/spetner. * Opals Can Form in "A Few Months" And Don't Need 100,000 Years: A leading authority on opals, Allan W. Eckert, observed that, "scientific papers and textbooks have told that the process of opal formation requires tens of thousands of years, perhaps hundreds of thousands... Not true." A 2011 peer-reviewed paper in a geology journal from Australia, where almost all the world's opal is found, reported on the: "new timetable for opal formation involving weeks to a few months and not the hundreds of thousands of years envisaged by the conventional weathering model." (And apparently, per a 2019 report from Entomology Today, opals can even form around insects!) More knowledgeable scientists resist the uncritical, group-think insistence on false super-slow formation rates (as also for manganese nodules, gold veins, stone, petroleum, canyons and gullies, and even guts, all below). Regarding opals, Darwinian bias led geologists to long ignore possible quick action, as from microbes, as a possible explanation for these mineraloids. For both in nature and in the lab, opals form rapidly, not even in 10,000 years, but in weeks. See this also from creationists by a geologist, a paleobiochemist, and a nuclear chemist. * Finches Speciate in Two Generations vs Two Million Years for Darwin's Birds?  Darwin's finches on the Galapagos Islands are said to have diversified into 14 species over a period of two million years. But in 2017 the journal Science reported a newcomer to the Island which within two generations spawned a reproductively isolated new species. In another instance as documented by Lee Spetner, a hundred birds of the same finch species introduced to an island cluster a 1,000 kilometers from Galapagos diversified into species with the typical variations in beak sizes, etc. "If this diversification occurred in less than seventeen years," Dr. Spetner asks, "why did Darwin's Galapagos finches [as claimed by evolutionists] have to take two million years?" * Blue Eyes Originated Not So Long Ago: Not a million years ago, nor a hundred thousand years ago, but based on a peer-reviewed paper in Human Genetics, a press release at Science Daily reports that, "research shows that people with blue eyes have a single, common ancestor. A team at the University of Copenhagen have tracked down a genetic mutation which took place 6-10,000 years ago and is the cause of the eye colour of all blue-eyed humans alive on the planet today." * Adding the Entire Universe to our List of Not So Old Things? Based on March 2019 findings from Hubble, Nobel laureate Adam Riess of the Space Telescope Science Institute and his co-authors in the Astrophysical Journal estimate that the universe is about a billion years younger than previously thought! Then in September 2019 in the journal Science, the age dropped precipitiously to as low as 11.4 billion years! Of course, these measurements also further squeeze the canonical story of the big bang chronology with its many already existing problems including the insufficient time to "evolve" distant mature galaxies, galaxy clusters, superclusters, enormous black holes, filaments, bubbles, walls, and other superstructures. So, even though the latest estimates are still absurdly too old (Google: big bang predictions, and click on the #1 ranked article, or just go on over there to rsr.org/bb), regardless, we thought we'd plop the whole universe down on our List of Not So Old Things!   * After the Soft Tissue Discoveries, NOW Dino DNA: When a North Carolina State University paleontologist took the Tyrannosaurus Rex photos to the right of original biological material, that led to the 2016 discovery of dinosaur DNA, So far researchers have also recovered dinosaur blood vessels, collagen, osteocytes, hemoglobin, red blood cells, and various proteins. As of May 2018, twenty-six scientific journals, including Nature, Science, PNAS, PLoS One, Bone, and Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, have confirmed the discovery of biomaterial fossils from many dinosaurs! Organisms including T. Rex, hadrosaur, titanosaur, triceratops, Lufengosaur, mosasaur, and Archaeopteryx, and many others dated, allegedly, even hundreds of millions of years old, have yielded their endogenous, still-soft biological material. See the web's most complete listing of 100+ journal papers (screenshot, left) announcing these discoveries at bflist.rsr.org and see it in layman's terms at rsr.org/soft. * Rapid Stalactites, Stalagmites, Etc.: A construction worker in 1954 left a lemonade bottle in one of Australia's famous Jenolan Caves. By 2011 it had been naturally transformed into a stalagmite (below, right). Increasing scientific knowledge is arguing for rapid cave formation (see below, Nat'l Park Service shrinks Carlsbad Caverns formation estimates from 260M years, to 10M, to 2M, to it "depends"). Likewise, examples are growing of rapid formations with typical chemical make-up (see bottle, left) of classic stalactites and stalagmites including:- in Nat'l Geo the Carlsbad Caverns stalagmite that rapidly covered a bat - the tunnel stalagmites at Tennessee's Raccoon Mountain - hundreds of stalactites beneath the Lincoln Memorial - those near Gladfelter Hall at Philadelphia's Temple University (send photos to Bob@rsr.org) - hundreds of stalactites at Australia's zinc mine at Mt. Isa.   - and those beneath Melbourne's Shrine of Remembrance. * Most Human Mutations Arose in 200 Generations: From Adam until Real Science Radio, in only 200 generations! The journal Nature reports The Recent Origin of Most Human Protein-coding Variants. As summarized by geneticist co-author Joshua Akey, "Most of the mutations that we found arose in the last 200 generations or so" (the same number previously published by biblical creationists). Another 2012 paper, in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology (Eugenie Scott's own field) on High mitochondrial mutation rates, shows that one mitochondrial DNA mutation occurs every other generation, which, as creationists point out, indicates that mtEve would have lived about 200 generations ago. That's not so old! * National Geographic's Not-So-Old Hard-Rock Canyon at Mount St. Helens: As our List of Not So Old Things (this web page) reveals, by a kneejerk reaction evolutionary scientists assign ages of tens or hundreds of thousands of years (or at least just long enough to contradict Moses' chronology in Genesis.) However, with closer study, routinely, more and more old ages get revised downward to fit the world's growing scientific knowledge. So the trend is not that more information lengthens ages, but rather, as data replaces guesswork, ages tend to shrink until they are consistent with the young-earth biblical timeframe. Consistent with this observation, the May 2000 issue of National Geographic quotes the U.S. Forest Service's scientist at Mount St. Helens, Peter Frenzen, describing the canyon on the north side of the volcano. "You'd expect a hard-rock canyon to be thousands, even hundreds of thousands of years old. But this was cut in less than a decade." And as for the volcano itself, while again, the kneejerk reaction of old-earthers would be to claim that most geologic features are hundreds of thousands or millions of years old, the atheistic National Geographic magazine acknowledges from the evidence that Mount St. Helens, the volcanic mount, is only about 4,000 years old! See below and more at rsr.org/mount-st-helens. * Mount St. Helens Dome Ten Years Old not 1.7 Million: Geochron Laboratories of Cambridge, Mass., using potassium-argon and other radiometric techniques claims the rock sample they dated, from the volcano's dome, solidified somewhere between 340,000 and 2.8 million years ago. However photographic evidence and historical reports document the dome's formation during the 1980s, just ten years prior to the samples being collected. With the age of this rock known, radiometric dating therefore gets the age 99.99999% wrong. * Devils Hole Pupfish Isolated Not for 13,000 Years But for 100: Secular scientists default to knee-jerk, older-than-Bible-age dates. However, a tiny Mojave desert fish is having none of it. Rather than having been genetically isolated from other fish for 13,000 years (which would make this small school of fish older than the Earth itself), according to a paper in the journal Nature, actual measurements of mutation rates indicate that the genetic diversity of these Pupfish could have been generated in about 100 years, give or take a few. * Polystrates like Spines and Rare Schools of Fossilized Jellyfish: Previously, seven sedimentary layers in Wisconsin had been described as taking a million years to form. And because jellyfish have no skeleton, as Charles Darwin pointed out, it is rare to find them among fossils. But now, reported in the journal Geology, a school of jellyfish fossils have been found throughout those same seven layers. So, polystrate fossils that condense the time of strata deposition from eons to hours or months, include: - Jellyfish in central Wisconsin were not deposited and fossilized over a million years but during a single event quick enough to trap a whole school. (This fossil school, therefore, taken as a unit forms a polystrate fossil.) Examples are everywhere that falsify the claims of strata deposition over millions of years. - Countless trilobites buried in astounding three dimensionality around the world are meticulously recovered from limestone, much of which is claimed to have been deposited very slowly. Contrariwise, because these specimens were buried rapidly in quickly laid down sediments, they show no evidence of greater erosion on their upper parts as compared to their lower parts.- The delicacy of radiating spine polystrates, like tadpole and jellyfish fossils, especially clearly demonstrate the rapidity of such strata deposition. - A second school of jellyfish, even though they rarely fossilized, exists in another locale with jellyfish fossils in multiple layers, in Australia's Brockman Iron Formation, constraining there too the rate of strata deposition. By the way, jellyfish are an example of evolution's big squeeze. Like galaxies evolving too quickly, galaxy clusters, and even human feet (which, like Mummy DNA, challenge the Out of Africa paradigm), jellyfish have gotten into the act squeezing evolution's timeline, here by 200 million years when they were found in strata allegedly a half-a-billion years old. Other examples, ironically referred to as Medusoid Problematica, are even found in pre-Cambrian strata. - 171 tadpoles of the same species buried in diatoms. - Leaves buried vertically through single-celled diatoms powerfully refute the claimed super-slow deposition of diatomaceous rock. - Many fossils, including a Mesosaur, have been buried in multiple "varve" layers, which are claimed to be annual depositions, yet they show no erosional patterns that would indicate gradual burial (as they claim, absurdly, over even thousands of years). - A single whale skeleton preserved in California in dozens of layers of diatom deposits thus forming a polystrate fossil. - 40 whales buried in the desert in Chile. "What's really interesting is that this didn't just happen once," said Smithsonian evolutionist Dr. Nick Pyenson. It happened four times." Why's that? Because "the fossil site has at least four layers", to which Real Science Radio's Bob Enyart replies: "Ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha", with RSR co-host Fred Williams thoughtfully adding, "Ha ha!" * Polystrate Trees: Examples abound around the world of polystrate trees:  - Yellowstone's petrified polystrate forest (with the NPS exhibit sign removed; see below) with successive layers of rootless trees demonstrating the rapid deposition of fifty layers of strata. - A similarly formed polystrate fossil forest in France demonstrating the rapid deposition of a dozen strata. - In a thousand locations including famously the Fossil Cliffs of Joggins, Nova Scotia, polystrate fossils such as trees span many strata. - These trees lack erosion: Not only should such fossils, generally speaking, not even exist, but polystrates including trees typically show no evidence of erosion increasing with height. All of this powerfully disproves the claim that the layers were deposited slowly over thousands or millions of years. In the experience of your RSR radio hosts, evolutionists commonly respond to this hard evidence with mocking. See CRSQ June 2006, ICR Impact #316, and RSR 8-11-06 at KGOV.com. * Yellowstone Petrified Trees Sign Removed: The National Park Service removed their incorrect sign (see left and more). The NPS had claimed that in dozens of different strata over a 40-square mile area, many petrified trees were still standing where they had grown. The NPS eventually removed the sign partly because those petrified trees had no root systems, which they would have had if they had grown there. Instead, the trees of this "fossil forest" have roots that are abruptly broken off two or three feet from their trunks. If these mature trees actually had been remnants of sequential forests that had grown up in strata layer on top of strata layer, 27 times on Specimen Ridge (and 50 times at Specimen Creek), such a natural history implies passage of more time than permitted by biblical chronology. So, don't trust the National Park Service on historical science because they're wrong on the age of the Earth. * Wood Petrifies Quickly: Not surprisingly, by the common evolutionary knee-jerk claim of deep time, "several researchers believe that several millions of years are necessary for the complete formation of silicified wood". Our List of Not So Old and Not So Slow Things includes the work of five Japanese scientists who proved creationist research and published their results in the peer-reviewed journal Sedimentary Geology showing that wood can and does petrify rapidly. Modern wood significantly petrified in 36 years these researchers concluded that wood buried in strata could have been petrified in "a fairly short period of time, in the order of several tens to hundreds of years." * The Scablands: The primary surface features of the Scablands, which cover thousands of square miles of eastern Washington, were long believed to have formed gradually. Yet, against the determined claims of uniformitarian geologists, there is now overwhelming evidence as presented even in a NOVA TV program that the primary features of the Scablands formed rapidly from a catastrophic breach of Lake Missoula causing a massive regional flood. Of course evolutionary geologists still argue that the landscape was formed over tens of thousands of years, now by claiming there must have been a hundred Missoula floods. However, the evidence that there was Only One Lake Missoula Flood has been powerfully reinforced by a University of Colorado Ph.D. thesis. So the Scablands itself is no longer available to old-earthers as de facto evidence for the passage of millions of years. * The Heart Mountain Detachment: in Wyoming just east of Yellowstone, this mountain did not break apart slowly by uniformitarian processes but in only about half-an-hour as widely reported including in the evolutionist LiveScience.com, "Land Speed Record: Mountain Moves 62 Miles in 30 Minutes." The evidence indicates that this mountain of rock covering 425 square miles rapidly broke into 50 pieces and slid apart over an area of more than 1,300 square miles in a biblical, not a "geological," timeframe.  * "150 Million" year-old Squid Ink Not Decomposed: This still-writable ink had dehydrated but had not decomposed! The British Geological Survey's Dr. Phil Wilby, who excavated the fossil, said, "It is difficult to imagine how you can have something as soft and sloppy as an ink sac fossilised in three dimensions, still black, and inside a rock that is 150 million years old." And the Daily Mail states that, "the black ink was of exactly the same structure as that of today's version", just desiccated. And Wilby added, "Normally you would find only the hard parts like the shell and bones fossilised but... these creatures... can be dissected as if they are living animals, you can see the muscle fibres and cells. It is difficult to imagine... The structure is similar to ink from a modern squid so we can write with it..." Why is this difficult for evolutionists to imagine? Because as Dr. Carl Wieland writes, "Chemical structures 'fall apart' all by themselves over time due to the randomizing effects of molecular motion."Decades ago Bob Enyart broadcast a geology program about Mount St. Helens' catastrophic destruction of forests and the hydraulic transportation and upright deposition of trees. Later, Bob met the chief ranger from Haleakala National Park on Hawaii's island of Maui, Mark Tanaka-Sanders. The ranger agreed to correspond with his colleague at Yellowstone to urge him to have the sign removed. Thankfully, it was then removed. (See also AIG, CMI, and all the original Yellowstone exhibit photos.) Groundbreaking research conducted by creation geologist Dr. Steve Austin in Spirit Lake after Mount St. Helens eruption provided a modern-day analog to the formation of Yellowstone fossil forest. A steam blast from that volcano blew over tens of thousands of trees leaving them without attached roots. Many thousands of those trees were floating upright in Spirit Lake, and began sinking at varying rates into rapidly and sporadically deposited sediments. Once Yellowstone's successive forest interpretation was falsified (though like with junk DNA, it's too big to fail, so many atheists and others still cling to it), the erroneous sign was removed. * Asiatic vs. European Honeybees: These two populations of bees have been separated supposedly for seven million years. A researcher decided to put the two together to see what would happen. What we should have here is a failure to communicate that would have resulted after their "language" evolved over millions of years. However, European and Asiatic honeybees are still able to communicate, putting into doubt the evolutionary claim that they were separated over "geologic periods." For more, see the Public Library of Science, Asiatic Honeybees Can Understand Dance Language of European Honeybees. (Oh yeah, and why don't fossils of poorly-formed honeycombs exist, from the millions of years before the bees and natural selection finally got the design right? Ha! Because they don't exist! :) Nautiloid proves rapid limestone formation. * Remember the Nautiloids: In the Grand Canyon there is a limestone layer averaging seven feet thick that runs the 277 miles of the canyon (and beyond) that covers hundreds of square miles and contains an average of one nautiloid fossil per square meter. Along with many other dead creatures in this one particular layer, 15% of these nautiloids were killed and then fossilized standing on their heads. Yes, vertically. They were caught in such an intense and rapid catastrophic flow that gravity was not able to cause all of their dead carcasses to fall over on their sides. Famed Mount St. Helens geologist Steve Austin is also the world's leading expert on nautiloid fossils and has worked in the canyon and presented his findings to the park's rangers at the invitation of National Park Service officials. Austin points out, as is true of many of the world's mass fossil graveyards, that this enormous nautiloid deposition provides indisputable proof of the extremely rapid formation of a significant layer of limestone near the bottom of the canyon, a layer like the others we've been told about, that allegedly formed at the bottom of a calm and placid sea with slow and gradual sedimentation. But a million nautiloids, standing on their heads, literally, would beg to differ. At our sister stie, RSR provides the relevant Geologic Society of America abstract, links, and video. *  Now It's Allegedly Two Million Year-Old Leaves: "When we started pulling leaves out of the soil, that was surreal, to know that it's millions of years old..." sur-re-al: adjective: a bizarre mix of fact and fantasy. In this case, the leaves are the facts. Earth scientists from Ohio State and the University of Minnesota say that wood and leaves they found in the Canadian Arctic are at least two million years old, and perhaps more than ten million years old, even though the leaves are just dry and crumbly and the wood still burns! * Gold Precipitates in Veins in Less than a Second: After geologists submitted for decades to the assumption that each layer of gold would deposit at the alleged super slow rates of geologic process, the journal Nature Geoscience reports that each layer of deposition can occur within a few tenths of a second. Meanwhile, at the Lihir gold deposit in Papua New Guinea, evolutionists assumed the more than 20 million ounces of gold in the Lihir reserve took millions of years to deposit, but as reported in the journal Science, geologists can now demonstrate that the deposit could have formed in thousands of years, or far more quickly! Iceland's not-so-old Surtsey Island looks ancient. * Surtsey Island, Iceland: Of the volcanic island that formed in 1963, New Scientist reported in 2007 about Surtsey that "geographers... marvel that canyons, gullies and other land features that typically take tens of thousands or millions of years to form were created in less than a decade." Yes. And Sigurdur Thorarinsson, Iceland's chief  geologist, wrote in the months after Surtsey formed, "that the time scale," he had been trained "to attach to geological developments is misleading." [For what is said to] take thousands of years... the same development may take a few weeks or even days here [including to form] a landscape... so varied and mature that it was almost beyond belief... wide sandy beaches and precipitous crags... gravel banks and lagoons, impressive cliffs… hollows, glens and soft undulating land... fractures and faultscarps, channels and screes… confounded by what met your eye... boulders worn by the surf, some of which were almost round... -Iceland's chief geologist * The Palouse River Gorge: In the southeast of Washington State, the Palouse River Gorge is one of many features formed rapidly by 500 cubic miles of water catastrophically released with the breaching of a natural dam in the Lake Missoula Flood (which gouged out the Scablands as described above). So, hard rock can be breached and eroded rapidly. * Leaf Shapes Identical for 190 Million Years?  From Berkley.edu, "Ginkgo biloba... dates back to... about 190 million years ago... fossilized leaf material from the Tertiary species Ginkgo adiantoides is considered similar or even identical to that produced by modern Ginkgo biloba trees... virtually indistinguishable..." The literature describes leaf shapes as "spectacularly diverse" sometimes within a species but especially across the plant kingdom. Because all kinds of plants survive with all kinds of different leaf shapes, the conservation of a species retaining a single shape over alleged deep time is a telling issue. Darwin's theory is undermined by the unchanging shape over millions of years of a species' leaf shape. This lack of change, stasis in what should be an easily morphable plant trait, supports the broader conclusion that chimp-like creatures did not become human beings and all the other ambitious evolutionary creation of new kinds are simply imagined. (Ginkgo adiantoides and biloba are actually the same species. Wikipedia states, "It is doubtful whether the Northern Hemisphere fossil species of Ginkgo can be reliably distinguished." For oftentimes, as documented by Dr. Carl Werner in his Evolution: The Grand Experiment series, paleontogists falsely speciate identical specimens, giving different species names, even different genus names, to the fossil and living animals that appear identical.) * Box Canyon, Idaho: Geologists now think Box Canyon in Idaho, USA, was carved by a catastrophic flood and not slowly over millions of years with 1) huge plunge pools formed by waterfalls; 2) the almost complete removal of large basalt boulders from the canyon; 3) an eroded notch on the plateau at the top of the canyon; and 4) water scour marks on the basalt plateau leading to the canyon. Scientists calculate that the flood was so large that it could have eroded the whole canyon in as little as 35 days. See the journal Science, Formation of Box Canyon, Idaho, by Megaflood, and the Journal of Creation, and Creation Magazine. * Manganese Nodules Rapid Formation: Allegedly, as claimed at the Wikipedia entry from 2005 through 2021: "Nodule growth is one of the slowest of all geological phenomena – in the order of a centimeter over several million years." Wow, that would be slow! And a Texas A&M Marine Sciences technical slide presentation says, “They grow very slowly (mm/million years) and can be tens of millions of years old", with RWU's oceanography textbook also putting it at "0.001 mm per thousand years." But according to a World Almanac documentary they have formed "around beer cans," said marine geologist Dr. John Yates in the 1997 video Universe Beneath the Sea: The Next Frontier. There are also reports of manganese nodules forming around ships sunk in the First World War. See more at at youngearth.com, at TOL, in the print edition of the Journal of Creation, and in this typical forum discussion with atheists (at the Chicago Cubs forum no less :). * "6,000 year-old" Mitochondrial Eve: As the Bible calls "Eve... the mother of all living" (Gen. 3:20), genetic researchers have named the one woman from whom all humans have descended "Mitochondrial Eve." But in a scientific attempt to date her existence, they openly admit that they included chimpanzee DNA in their analysis in order to get what they viewed as a reasonably old date of 200,000 years ago (which is still surprisingly recent from their perspective, but old enough not to strain Darwinian theory too much). But then as widely reported including by Science magazine, when they dropped the chimp data and used only actual human mutation rates, that process determined that Eve lived only six thousand years ago! In Ann Gibbon's Science article, "Calibrating the Mitochondrial Clock," rather than again using circular reasoning by assuming their conclusion (that humans evolved from ape-like creatures), they performed their calculations using actual measured mutation rates. This peer-reviewed journal then reported that if these rates have been constant, "mitochondrial Eve… would be a mere 6000 years old." See also the journal Nature and creation.com's "A shrinking date for Eve," and Walt Brown's assessment. Expectedly though, evolutionists have found a way to reject their own unbiased finding (the conclusion contrary to their self-interest) by returning to their original method of using circular reasoning, as reported in the American Journal of Human Genetics, "calibrating against recent evidence for the divergence time of humans and chimpanzees,"  to reset their mitochondrial clock back to 200,000 years. * Even Younger Y-Chromosomal Adam: (Although he should be called, "Y-Chromosomal Noah.") While we inherit our mtDNA only from our mothers, only men have a Y chromosome (which incidentally genetically disproves the claim that the fetus is "part of the woman's body," since the little boy's y chromosome could never be part of mom's body). Based on documented mutation rates on and the extraordinary lack of mutational differences in this specifically male DNA, the Y-chromosomal Adam would have lived only a few thousand years ago! (He's significantly younger than mtEve because of the genetic bottleneck of the global flood.) Yet while the Darwinian camp wrongly claimed for decades that humans were 98% genetically similar to chimps, secular scientists today, using the same type of calculation only more accurately, have unintentionally documented that chimps are about as far genetically from what makes a human being a male, as mankind itself is from sponges! Geneticists have found now that sponges are 70% the same as humans genetically, and separately, that human and chimp Y chromosomes are  "horrendously" 30%

Michelle and Alexander join TWiP to solve their case of the 36 Year Old Male with shortness of breath, stinging pain in the extremities, fatigue, abdominal cramps, and bowel irregularities, and discuss host cell invasion by Trypanosoma cruzi. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Daniel Griffin, and Christina Naula Guests: Michelle Naegeli and Alexander Grieb Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Links for this episode cAMP-dependent invasion by Trypanosoma cruzi (PLoS NTDS) Letters read on TWiP 220 Become a patron of TWiP Case Study for TWiP 221 This is the case of a  man in his 50s, with no remarkable prior medical history, who received care at a hospital in northern California, USA, after experiencing a generalized seizure. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a solitary left temporal lobe T2 hyperintensity with gadolinium rim enhancement and surrounding edema. After receiving treatment with dexamethasone and levetiracetam, he was transferred to an academic medical center. Examination by neurology consultants noted disorientation, inattention, moderate aphasia (difficulty communicating), and mild right hemiparesis. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) testing revealed increased nucleated cells up to 80/UL (60% lymphocytes, 17% neutrophils, 23% monocytes), protein concentration 38 mg/dL, and glucose concentration 100 mg/dL.  They proceed to do a brain biopsy from the left temporal lobe lesion with cultures from the brain biopsy sample that did not grow bacteria, fungi, or mycobacteria. They performed metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) on a CSF sample and sent brain biopsy samples for universal broad-range PCR amplicon sequencing (uPCR) for bacteria, fungi, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and nontuberculous mycobacteria. which is preliminarily reported as showing well-formed granulomata with acute inflammation. Rereview of neuropathology raised concern for certain round infectious forms that are about 50um in size with some surrounding clearing and a dark area within these forms. Send your case diagnosis, questions and comments to twip@microbe.tv Music by Ronald Jenkees

In this episode of “Answers From the Lab,” host Bobbi Pritt, M.D., chair of the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology at Mayo Clinic, is joined by Nancy Wengenack, Ph.D., director of the Mycology and Mycobacteriology Laboratories at Mayo Clinic, to talk about leprosy and why it's been in the news recently. Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease, is a rare infectious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae.Specific topics of discussion include: How leprosy is transmitted, detected, diagnosed, and treated. Challenges that healthcare professionals face in identifying leprosy. Debunking leprosy myths.

Through a discussion of combination therapies, Dodi and Conor delve into the mysterious power of the human microbiome, and antimicrobial resistance. With evidence of the microbiome being a key factor in fighting diseases, this episode highlights the importance of understanding and treating the microbiome and its potential to improve lives. Tune in to find out more and explore the possibilities of the microbiome with Dr Saman Maleki, and the power of serendipity with Prof Pete Dedon! Show notes Routy, B., Lenehan, J.G., Miller, W.H. et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation plus anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in advanced melanoma: a phase I trial. Nat Med 29, 2121–2132 (2023). A novel combination therapy counters antibiotic-resistant Mycobacterium abscessus infections (MIT news) 'Blight' warns that a future pandemic could start with a fungus (sciencenews.org) Hildebrandt, T., Peyser, D. The gut microbiome in anorexia nervosa. Nat Microbiol 8, 760–761 (2023). Keywords: microbiome, patients, immunotherapy, immune system, cancer, study, people, combination therapy, tumor, immuno-oncology, fungus, fecal transplant, anorexia nervosa, oncology, higher bmi

Dr. Niaz Banaei, a professor of pathology and medicine at Stanford University in California, and Sarah Gregory discuss Mycobacterium marinum infection after an iguana bite in Costa Rica.

We speak to Simblified fan (!) and microbiologist Avraneel Paul on a whole bunch of things related to what happens inside our body! Viruses and bacteria, how vaccines work, how those WBC badasses keep us safe, and so on. Along the way, we also speak about exciting advancements like CRISPR, and explore philosophical questions like whether Covid has changed the field... And what a day in the life of a scientist looks like. There's loads of trivia, loads of simblification and a few bad jokes as well in this two-part episode. We hope you like it and have renewed appreciation for scientists (and your body!) after it! Add one part news, one part bad jokes, one part Wikipedia research, one part cult references from spending too much time on the internet, one part Wodehouse quotes, and one part quality puns, and you get Simblified. A weekly podcast to help you appear smarter, to an audience that knows no less! Your four hosts - Chuck, Naren, Srikeit, and Tony attempt to deconstruct topics with humor (conditions apply). Fans of the show have described it as "fun conversations with relatable folks", "irreverent humor", "the funniest thing to come out of Malad West" and "if I give you a good review will you please let me go". Started in 2016 as a creative outlet, Simblified now has over 300 episodes, including some live ones, and some with guests who are much smarter than the hosts. Welcome to the world of Simblified! You can contact the hosts on: Chuck: http://twitter.com/chuck_gopal  / http://instagram.com/chuckofalltrades Naren: http://twitter.com/shenoyn  / http://instagram.com/shenoynv Tony: http://twitter.com/notytony  / http://instagram.com/notytony Srikeit: http://twitter.com/srikeit  / http://instagram.com/srikeitSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

"Is that a snake tattoo!?" ... "Yea and there's one on her boob too!" In this episode, the Stinas discuss a new theory about Gillian's snake tattoo! When exactly did she get it? And what is the symbolic significance? They then comb through some book mentions and focus on Book of Magic, in which they analyze new character Ian Wright, and all of his cryptic esoteric tattoos. Justina and Kristina later chat with Selena Medina all about the art of sacred and ritual-based tattooing. Selina is a highly dedicated and talented tattoo artist with over two decades of experience in the industry. She is a former board member of the Alliance of Professional Tattooists (APT) and is currently the AFDO Body Art Committee Chair. Selena is also an executive director and has been instrumental in starting up several tattoo locations around the country. Her passion and drive for knowledge and safety in the industry make her a force to be reckoned with. Additionally, Selena is a witch and has a deep connection to the spiritual and healing aspects of tattooing. They explore the spiritual and transformative aspects of tattooing. From meditation and ritual to the profound effects of tattoos on mental health, they explore the holistic benefits of this ancient practice. Selena, an expert tattoo artist and advocate for safety in the industry, shares her knowledge on the impact of Mycobacterium and regulatory changes in the field, as well as topics such as the growth of the tattoo industry, ritualized tattooing, the importance of loyalty between artist and client, and even the use of tattoos for healing trauma survivors. Additionally, they discuss fascinating subjects such as tattoo preferences for different zodiac signs, the origins & lore surrounding the life of sailors and the seafaring symbolism behind their tattoos, as well as the cultural significance of tattoos across the globe. TOPIC MAP (00:00) Intro (09:18) Tattoo Symbolism in the Series (47:14) Interview With Selina Medina (02:15:00) Tattoo History (02:20:48) Traditional Tattoo Practices by Regions (02:40:02) Significance of Tattoos in the Indian Culture (02:53:32) Tattoos in the Military (03:16:01) An Astrological View on Tattoos (03:25:16) Kristina Tattoos Recorded: 5/16/23 SOCIALS: ⁠⁠⁠Patreon⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠Instagram⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠Kristina's Instagram⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠Justina's Instagram⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠Voice Message⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠HERO SOURCES⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠WHERE TO FIND THE BOOKS AND MOVIE⁠⁠⁠ DISCLAIMER The Magnolia Street Podcast intends to discuss the movie, “Practical Magic” in its entirety. This will evidently result in spoilers and it is recommended that you watch and or read the following. Alice Hoffman's: Practical Magic, Rules of Magic, Magic Lessons, Book of Magic. The Magnolia Street Podcast is for entertainment and informational purposes and should not be used as a substitute for professional or medical advice. Do not attempt any of the discussed actions, solutions, or remedies without first consulting a qualified professional. It should be noted that we are not medical professionals and therefore we are not responsible or liable for any injuries or illnesses resulting from the use of any information on our website or in our media. The Magnolia Street Podcast presenters, Kristina Babich and Justina Carubia are passionate fans of Alice Hoffman's work and the Practical Magic word she has created. There is no copyright infringement intended, all characters and story lines are that of Alice Hoffman. We do not own any of that material as well as any of the move score music shared within the podcast. All intellectual property rights concerning personally written music and or shared art are vested in Magnolia Street Podcast. Copying, distributing and any other use of these materials is not permitted without the written permission from Kristina Babich and Justina Carubia. --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/magnoliastreetpodcast/message

Dr. Daniel Romero-Alvarez, an MD and PhD candidate at the University of Kansas, and Sarah Gregory discuss Mycobacterium leprae found in armadillo tissues in museum collections across the United States.

2.22 Tuberculosis Pulmonary system review for the USMLE Step 1 Exam Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria and mainly affects the lungs. It is more common in developing countries, with India, Indonesia, China, Nigeria, Pakistan, and South Africa having the most TB deaths worldwide. TB is spread through inhaling infected aerosolized droplets, making crowded places hotspots for TB spread. Primary TB infection occurs when a person inhales infected droplets and the bacteria become dormant in a granuloma. Secondary TB infection occurs when the bacteria disseminate to surrounding tissues, affecting various parts of the body. Symptoms of active TB include night sweats, weight loss, fever, and cough (sometimes with blood). TB can present with various symptoms, making it known as the "great imitator." Diagnosis methods include chest X-rays, sputum acid-fast staining, and real-time nucleic acid amplification. Chest X-rays showing cavitary lesions and positive acid-fast staining are indicative of TB. Treatment involves a 4-drug combination of rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol (RIPE) for an extended period of time (2-4 months) to get rid of the infection.

In this episode, we review the high-yield topic of Mycobacterium leprae from the Microbiology section. Follow Medbullets on social media: Facebook: www.facebook.com/medbullets Instagram: www.instagram.com/medbulletsofficial Twitter: www.twitter.com/medbullets --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/medbulletsstep1/message

On episode #21 of the Infectious Disease Puscast, Daniel and Sara review the infectious disease literature for the previous two weeks, 1/18/23 – 2/1/23. Hosts: Daniel Griffin and Sara Dong Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of Puscast! Links for this episode The impact of cold temperature in the pattern of influenza virus infection (OFID) Janssen to discontinue Phase 3 Mosaico HIV vaccine clinical trial (JNJ) Randomized trial of vaccines for Zaire Ebola virus disease (NEJM) PD-1 blockade and lenalidomide combination therapy for Epstein-Barr virus infection (CMI) Outcomes of Daptomycin plus Ceftaroline vs alternative therapy for persistent MRSA bacteremia (IJAA) Detection of a novel strain of multidrug-non-susceptible Neisseria gonorrhoeae (The Lancet) Impact of a device to reduce blood culture contamination and false-positive central-line bloodstream infections (ICHE) Addition of anaerobic coverage for treatment of biliary tract infections (JAC) High dose Cefepime vs Carbapenems for bacteremia caused by Enterobacterales(OFID) Assessing the diagnostic performance of IGRAs for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (CID) Infective endocarditis after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (JACC) Discordant clinical and microbiological outcomes are associated with late clinical relapse in clinical trials for complicated UTIs (CID) Real-world use of bezlotoxumab and fecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of Cdiff (OFID) Blastomycosis in New England (OFID) Management of invasive candidiasis in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients (TCT) Short course of Antifungal therapy in patients with uncomplicated Candida Bloodstream infection (OFID) Parasites and childhood stunting (Cell) Comparing complication rates of midline catheter vs. PICC line (OFID) Novel prion strain as the cause of chronic wasting disease in a moose (EID) Agreement of respiratory viruses' detection between nasopharyngeal swab and bronchoalveolar lavage in adults with pneumonia (CMI) Music is by Ronald Jenkees