Podcasts about proc natl acad sci usa

This episode: Trends of declining lichen populations and biocrust cover overall match trends of increasing temperatures in Colorado dryland! Download Episode (6.4 MB, 9.3 minutes) Show notes: Microbe of the episode: Cherry chlorotic rusty spot associated partitivirus Takeaways: Global climate change is affecting almost every natural system on the planet, in predictable and also sometimes unexpected, complex ways. Microbes perform key roles in many different ecosystems, providing and recycling important nutrients and even macroscopic structure. One example of this is biocrusts in dryland environments, such as areas in the western US with low annual rainfall. Microbes other organisms form a stable surface binding soil and sand particles together, helping to retain moisture and prevent erosion and transformation of land into desert. In this study of a Colorado park over more than 20 years, important species of symbiotic fungi and photosynthetic microbes in the form of lichens have declined significantly. The land is mostly untroubled by grazing or human activity, but changes in climate and moisture and the presence of invasive plants could affect lichens. However, the temperature increase over the decades showed the best correlation with the lichen decline. The loss of these species could lead to nutrient shortages in the long term for these communities. Journal Paper: Finger-Higgens R, Duniway MC, Fick S, Geiger EL, Hoover DL, Pfennigwerth AA, Van Scoyoc MW, Belnap J. 2022. Decline in biological soil crust N-fixing lichens linked to increasing summertime temperatures. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 119:e2120975119. Email questions or comments to bacteriofiles at gmail dot com. Thanks for listening! Subscribe: Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Android, or RSS. Support the show at Patreon, or check out the show at Twitter or Facebook.

Was your psoriasis caused by the Black Death? Learn more than you might have wanted to know about the Black Death and delve into the data on the immunologic/autoimmune ramifications of wiping out nearly half of Europe. ·       Intro 0:11 ·       In this episode 1:09 ·       The Black Death 1:24 ·       The History of IV Immunoglobulin episode 2:07 ·       How the Black Death happened 4:07 ·       How many people died from the Black Death? 6:49 ·       Record keeping 6:53 ·       The modern immune system, the Black Death and HIV 8:43 ·       What is CCR5? 8:55 ·       Current data on autoimmune diseases 10:35 ·       ERAP2 15:55 ·       How yersinia pestis kills you 21:04 ·       The inflammasome 22:03 ·       The Inflammasome for Dunces episode 22:09 ·       Mediterranean fever and mouse model 24:49 ·       Takeaways 30:20 ·       Summary 30:59 Disclosures: Brown reports no relevant financial disclosures. We'd love to hear from you! Send your comments/questions to Dr. Brown at rheuminationspodcast@healio.com. Follow us on Twitter @HRheuminations @AdamJBrownMD @HealioRheum. References: Wheelis M. Emerg Infect Dis. 2002;doi:10.3201/eid0809.100536. Ratner D, et al. PLoS Pathog. 2016;doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1006035. Park YH, et al. Nat Immunol. 2020;doi:10.1038/s41590-020-0705-6. Patin E. Nat Immunol. 2020;doi:10.1038/s41590-020-0724-3. Galvani AP, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2003;doi:10.1073/pnas.2435085100.

Dive into vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. What is it? How does it present? Get clues to its diagnosis and learn more about collagen than you ever wanted to know. Intro 0:12 In this episode 0:17 Why vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome? 0:28 Case study: Dr. Mories 2:20 What can we learn about vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome? 05:02 Collagen and elastin 05:57 Collagen: horses and glue 07:07 More about collagen 10:35 Why is it a problem to miss a little bit of collagen? 14:14 The problem in vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome 15:06 The history of vascular EDS 15:41 How is vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome diagnosed? 16:36 A vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome diagnosis 22:33 Mouse models 23:29 Clinical and genetic features of vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome 24:39 Question of vasculitis 25:55 The skin: the most common symptom of vascular EDS 28:00 Family history, de novo mutations and pregnancy 29:43 Surgery or vascular intervention 31:39 How do patients do in the long-term? 32:54 Summary 34:00 Preview of part 2 35:42 Thanks 36:25 Disclosures: Brown reports no relevant financial disclosures. We'd love to hear from you! Send your comments/questions to Dr. Brown at rheuminationspodcast@healio.com. Follow us on Twitter @HRheuminations @AdamJBrownMD @HealioRheum. References: Barabas AP. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 1972;13(2):160-7. Chow MJ, et al. Biophys J. 2014;doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2014.05.014. Liu X, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1997;doi:10.1073/pnas.94.5.1852. Mories A. Scott Med J. 1960;5:269-72. Pepin M, et al. N Engl J Med. 2000;doi:10.1056/NEJM200003093421001. Pepin MG, et al. Genet Med. 2014;doi:10.1038/gim.2014.72. Piez KA. Matrix Biol. 1997;doi:10.1016/s0945-053x(97)90037-8. Pope FM, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1975;doi:10.1073/pnas.72.4.1314. Wagenseil JE, et al. J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2012;doi:10.1007/s12265-012-9349-8. Zilocchi M, et al. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2007;doi:10.2214/AJR.07.2370.

Episode Length: 24:10 Welcome to the KeyLIME Holiday Special “re run” series!  We're going to continue our trip down memory lane by sharing our annual Holiday Specials from the last four years.  Our second holiday special appeared in 2019, and featured the following articles: 1) O'Reilly-Shah VN et al. Is it time to start using the emoji in biomedical literature? BMJ 2018; 363 (Jon Sherbino's pick) 2) Danziger S et al.Extraneous factors in judicial decisions. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2011;108(17):6889-92. (Lara Varpio's pick) 3) Rockwood K et al. Incidence of and risk factors for nodding off at scientific sessions. CMAJ. 2004;171(12):1443-5. (Linda Snell's pick) 4) Fengqin L et al. It takes biking to learn: Physical activity improves learning a second language. PLoS One. 2017;12(5):e0177624. (Jason Frank's pick) Follow our co-hosts on Twitter! Jason R. Frank: @drjfrank  Jonathan Sherbino: @sherbino  Linda Snell: @LindaSMedEd  Lara Varpio: @LaraVarpio Lara Varpio's Disclaimer: The views expressed in this manuscript are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Uniformed Services University of the Unites States Department of Defense.  Want to learn more about KeyLIME? Click here! Full transcript for this Episode is available upon request.

Capitulo numero 50 de Negocios de Otro Planeta, hablamos sobre la conducta, la toma de decisiones, como afecta el numero de alternativas, el precio, el genero y como usar el efecto manada para atraer gente a nuestros negocios. Si quieren seguir reflexionando conmigo los invito todos los lunes a escucharme ;) Estudio sobre el numero de Seguro Social y disposición a pagar: Ariely, D., Lownstein, G, & George, D. (2003). Coherent arbitratiness: Stable demand curves without stable preferences. Quarerly journal of ecoomics, 118, 75:105. Estudio de los Golfistas: Beilock, S. L.. et al. (2001).Don’t miss! The debilitatin effecs of suppressive imagery on golf putting performance. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 23, 200-221 Estudio sobre el Precio: ckerman, J., Noccera, C., & Bargh, J. (2010). Incidential haptic sensations influence social judgments and decisions. Science, 328, 1712:1715 Estudio sobre las hormonas asociadas a invertir en la bolsa: Sapienza, P., Zingales, L., Maestripieri, D. (2009). Gender differences in financial risk aversion and career choices are affected by tes tosterone. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 106, 68:73.

In this episode, I talk with Elissa Newport, Professor of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine at Georgetown University Medical Center, about her work on the neural and cognitive underpinnings of language development, including statistical learning, language after perinatal stroke, lateralization, plasticity, the critical period, and more.Saffran JR, Aslin RN, Newport EL. Statistical learning by 8-month-old infants. Science 1996; 274: 1926-8. [doi]Newport EL, Landau B, Seydell-Greenwald A, Turkeltaub PE, Chambers CE, Dromerick AW, Carpenter J, Berl MM, Gaillard WD. Revisiting Lenneberg's hypotheses about early developmental plasticity: Language organization after left-hemisphere perinatal stroke. Biolinguistics 2017; 11: 407-22. [doi]Olulade OA, Seydell-Greenwald A, Chambers CE, Turkeltaub PE, Dromerick AW, Berl MM, Gaillard WD, Newport EL. The neural basis of language development: Changes in lateralization over age. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2020; 117: 23477-83. [doi]Elissa Newport's website

＜お知らせ＞◆各種イベント ◆Clubhouse ペットのハーブ：どんな風に取り入れている？情報をシェアする会 アーカイブが聴けます！ https://bit.ly/3nGjagF ◆Clubhouse：１１月２６日２２時１０分～動物愛護・保護犬座談会、犬猫・動物たちを守るために私たちにできること https://bit.ly/3kXmwKi ＜Standfm メンバーシップ：メンバーになりませんか？＞ 【ペットのホリスティックケアCLUB】 みんなでギネス長寿記録を目指す！ ５つの特典アリ！【人もペットも一緒に健康で長生きしよう】プロジェクト始動！

À présent, c'est au tour du pôle musculo-squelettique de vous faire découvrir son CIFEPODKAST centré autour du sommeil, un sujet qui va éveiller votre curiosité grâce à Flavio Bonnet, un des co-fondateurs de l'agence EBP, organisme de formation continue en kinésithérapie. Dans ce podcast, nous allons découvrir son intérêt grandissant pour le sommeil qui l'a conduit à consulter la littérature, puis à s'en servir pour évaluer et conseiller ses patients au sein de son exercice libéral. Pour cela, nous parlerons de questions simples mais enrichissantes qui peuvent être posées au décours d'un bilan, et nous discuterons de 14 conseils qui peuvent contribuer à améliorer la qualité de sommeil lorsque celle-ci semble être altérée. Enfin, nous nous intéresserons à la façon dont les patients peuvent être référés en cas de suspicion de pathologie grave ou de troubles du sommeil ne relevant pas de notre champ de compétences. Très belle écoute ! Retrouvez Flavio Bonnet ici : Chaîne Youtube : Flavio Bonnet Page Facebook : https://www.facebook.com/flavio.bonnet Twitter : @FlavioBonnet Instagram : @flaviobonnet Et Mathieu Aerts ici : Facebook : https://www.facebook.com/mathieu.aerts Mail : msk@cifepk.org Ressources bibliographiques Sommeil et risque cardio-vasculaire Cappuccio FP, Cooper D, D'Elia L, Strazzullo P, Miller MA. Sleep duration predicts cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. European Heart Journal 2011;32:1484–92. Sommeil et mortalité Cappuccio FP, D'Elia L, Strazzullo P, Miller MA. Sleep Duration and All-Cause Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies. Sleep 2010;33:585–92. Influence de la lumière bleue sur le sommeil Chang A-M, Aeschbach D, Duffy JF, Czeisler CA. Evening use of light-emitting eReaders negatively affects sleep, circadian timing, and next-morning alertness. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2015;112:1232–7. Sommeil et alcool Colrain IM, Nicholas CL, Baker FC. Alcohol and the sleeping brain. Handbook of Clinical Neurology, vol. 125, Elsevier; 2014, p. 415–31. Chronotype Fischer D, Lombardi DA, Marucci-Wellman H, Roenneberg T. Chronotypes in the US – Influence of age and sex. PLoS ONE 2017;12:e0178782. Influence de la qualité des nuits précédentes sur l'humeur Gerhart JI, Burns JW, Post KM, Smith DA, Porter LS, Burgess HJ, et al. Relationships Between Sleep Quality and Pain-Related Factors for People with Chronic Low Back Pain: Tests of Reciprocal and Time of Day Effects. Ann Behav Med 2017;51:365–75. Fascinante étude de 1965 Johnson LC, Slye ES, Dement W. Electroencephalographic and Autonomic Activity During and After Prolonged Sleep Deprivation: Psychosomatic Medicine 1965;27:415–23. Livre en lien avec le sommeil Walker MP, Soulat P. Pourquoi nous dormons: le pouvoir du sommeil et des rêves, ce que la science nous révèle. Paris: la Découverte; 2018.

What is Paget's? Why is it declining across much of the globe? Find out, plus hear an interview with the head of the center for osteoporosis and metabolic bone disease at Cleveland Clinic, Chad Deal, MD. Brought to you by GSK. Intro :11 Today's episode :27 What is Paget's? 1:07 The history of Paget's 5:35 How often is this symptomatic? 9:30 The epidemiology of Paget's 13:22 The data on viruses and Paget's disease 21:08 An interview with Dr. Chad Deal25:09 The numbers are showing a decline in Paget's disease, are you seeing that? 26:03 Identifying Paget's disease … who's picking this up? 27:01 Can you walk us through those studies again? 27:58 Can you tell us a little bit about hypervascularity found in these patients? 30:32 Can you walk us through the history of how the treatments have changed? 31:37 Paget's kind of just doesn't go anywhere … is that what you've seen in your practice? 35:05 What if the patient has poor or borderline kidney function? Do they have other options? 37:07 Have you seen familial cases? Are people more prone to get it if someone in the family has it? 38:32 A discussion on osteosarcoma 39:55 Dr. Deal, thank you so much for your time and your knowledge about metabolic bone 42:46 Episode summary 42:52 I hope you learned something and thanks for listening! 44:47 Disclosure: Brown reports no relevant financial disclosures. Healio was unable to confirm relevant financial disclosures for Deal at the time of publication. We'd love to hear from you! Send your comments/questions to Dr. Brown at rheuminationspodcast@healio.com. Follow us on Twitter @HRheuminations @AdamJBrownMD @HealioRheum References: Cundy T. Metabolism. 2018;80:5-14. Haddaway MJ, et al. Br J Radiol. 2007;80:523-526. Poór G, et al. J Bone Miner Res. 2006;21:1545-1549. Renier JC, Audran M. Rev Rhum Engl Ed. 1997;64:35-43. Shaw B, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2019;10463-10472.  Singer FR. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2015;11:662-671. Wermers RA, et al. J Bone Miner Res. 2008​;23:819-825. Music by Lesfm from Pixabay.

In this episode, we delve into Parvovirus B19: What does it do? How does it affect the joints? How was it discovered? Does it only infect young female schoolteachers? Find out! Brought to you by Actemra Intro :12 Shout out to Cleveland Clinic Biologic Therapies Summit 1:22 In this episode 2:11 An overview of the virus 3:46 What causes the aplastic crisis? 6:16 What does the virus do in humans? 11:46 A two-phase trial on young adults 14:29 A summary of studies 18:55 So, what happens to these patients? 22:59 How about a long-term study? 24:39 Summing up Parvovirus 19 26:42 The big takeaway from this episode 27:33 The next episode 28:06 Disclosures: Brown reports no relevant financial disclosures. We’d love to hear from you! Send your comments/questions to Dr. Brown at rheuminationspodcast@healio.com. Follow us on Twitter @HRheuminations @AdamJBrownMD @HealioRheum References: Anderson MJ, et al. J Infect Dis. 1985;152:257-265. Chorba T, et al. J Infect Dis. 1986;154:383-393. Moore TL. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2000;12:289-294. Mortimer PP. Nature. 1983;302:426-429. Ogawa E, et al. J Infect Chemother. 2008;14:377-382. Potter CG. J Clin Invest. 1987;79:1486-1492. Reid DM, et al. Lancet. 1985;1:422-425. Speyer I, et al. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1998;16:576-578. Takahashi Y, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1998;95:8227-8232. White DG, et al. Lancet. 1985;1:419-421. Young N, et al. J Clin Invest. 1984;74:2024-2032. Young NS, Brown KE. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:586-597.

The final episode summarizes the human data on complement in ANCA vasculitis, with a quick discussion of the trials of C5a receptor antagonism. Intro :10 Welcome :21 Recap of previous episodes :22 In this episode 2:12 Let’s start with neutrophil data 5:24 Studies in humans 11:54 A summary of the data so far 21:20 What does all this amount to? 25:41 Trials of avacopan 28:25 Side effect profile 36:25 Thanks for listening 37:06 Disclosures: Brown reports no relevant financial disclosures. We’d love to hear from you! Send your comments/questions to Dr. Brown at rheuminationspodcast@healio.com. Follow us on Twitter @HRheuminations @AdamJBrownMD @HealioRheum References: Augusto JF, et al. PLoS One. 2016;https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0158871. Bekker P, et al. PLoS One. 2016;https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0164646. Chen SF, et al. Arthritis Res Ther. 2015;https://doi.org/10.1186/s13075-015-0656-8. Falk RJ, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1990;87:4115-4119. Gou SJ, et al. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2013;8:1884-1891. Gou SJ, et al. Kidney Int. 2013;83:129-137. Jayne DRW, et al. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017;28:2756-2767. Jayne DRW, et al. N Engl J Med. 2021;384:599-609. Merkel PA, et al. ACR Open Rheumatol. 2020;2:662-671. Schreiber A, et al. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009;20:289-298. Xiao H, et al. Am J Pathol. 2007;170:52-64.

This podcast was recorded on 3.18.2020 with Drs. Jordan Feigenbaum, Austin Baraki, and Cyrus Askin. Additional Resources: Rodriguez-morales AJ, Cardona-ospina JA, Gutiérrez-ocampo E, et al. Clinical, laboratory and imaging features of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020;:101623 Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, et al. A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med. 2020; https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html Rothan HA, Byrareddy SN. The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. J Autoimmun. 2020;:102433. COVID19 - The Basics, Dr. Reza Manesh of Clinical Problem Solvers / HumanDx- https://youtu.be/_qiC5cCqhTE Van doremalen N, Bushmaker T, Morris DH, et al. Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1. N Engl J Med. 2020; Hatchett RJ, Mecher CE, Lipsitch M. Public health interventions and epidemic intensity during the 1918 influenza pandemic. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2007;104(18):7582-7. Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, et al. Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 2020 https://www.bmj.com/content/368/bmj.m1086?fbclid=IwAR3Suu1g8O9Tcfxbj8EY0uDE1xANNTF5VyuxX4o07mDmPSoYTlD9mkGCwtY https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMc2004973?query=featured_home https://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/articles/2020/03/17/08/59/hfsa-acc-aha-statement-addresses-concerns-re-using-raas-antagonists-in-covid-19 https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6912e2.htm https://www.barbellmedicine.com/blog/the-science-of-red-meat-and-health/ https://www.barbellmedicine.com/blog/the-beginner-prescription/ For more of our stuff: Podcasts: goo.gl/X4H4z8 Website: www.barbellmedicine.com Instagram: @austin_barbellmedicine @jordan_barbellmedicine @leah_barbellmedicine @vanessa_barbellmedicine @untamedstrength @michael_barbellmedicine @derek_barbellmedicine @hassan_barbellmedicine @amato_barbellmedicine @charlie_barbellmedicine @alex_barbellmedicine @tomcampitelli Email: info@barbellmedicine.com Supplements/Templates/Seminars: www.barbellmedicine.com/shop/

Things get a little nerdy in this episode, which focuses on the basic science of what makes the inflammasome tick in CAPS, as well as data on the use of interleukin 1 inhibition. Hint: Listen to “The Inflammasome for Dunces” episode first, and this one will make more sense. Intro :20 Recap of Part 1 :33 Overview of this episode 1:56 Familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome 3:04 Muckle-Wells syndrome 6:34 The two checkpoint problem 8:36 What do we know about the inhibition of the inflammasome? 11:13 Back to the trebuchet analogy 11:48 Brought to you by GSK. Considering a treatment change for patients with active SLE? Learn about a treatment option for your patients at treatfortodayandtomorrow.com A paper on CARD8 in the setting of CAPS 13:50 Let’s talk about prostaglandins 15:27 There are over 100 mutations in CAPS 18:15 Let’s talk about treatment 18:42 One caveat 25:41 That’s CAPS 26:45 Reach out to me via email and on Twitter 27:03 Episode recap 27:41 We’d love to hear from you! Send your comments/questions to rheuminationspodcast@healio.com. Follow us on Twitter @HRheuminations @AdamJBrownMD @HealioRheum Brought to you by GSK. Consider the long-term impact of disease activity, flares and corticosteroid use on patients with active SLE. Learn more now at treatfortodayandtomorrow.com. Disclosure: Brown reports no relevant financial disclosures. References: Agostini L, et al. Immunity. 2004;20:319-325. Brogan PA, et al. Arthritis Rheum. 2019;71:1955-1963. Marsaud C, et al. J Rheumatol. 2014;41:1721-1722. Hawkins PN, et al. NEJM. 2003;348:2583-2584. Hoffman HM, et al. Lancet. 2004;364:1779-1785. Hoffman HM, et al. Clin Ther. 2012;34:2091-2103. Ito S, et al. Arthritis Res Ther. 2014;16:doi:10.1186/ar4483. Kuemmerle-Deschner JB, et al. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70:2095-2102. Lachmann HJ, et al. NEJM. 2009;360:2416-2425. Mamoudjy N, et al. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2017;12:doi:10.1186/s13023-017-0589-1. Rosengren S, et al. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007;119:991-996. Ross JB, et al. J Cutan Med Surg. 2008;12:8-16. Tassi S, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2010;107:9789-9794. Thornton BD, et al. Am J Kidney Dis. 2007;49:477-481.

Host Kevin Patton summarizes the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to three scientists "for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability." A special bonus episode. 00:41 | Introduction to Bonus Episode 02:00 | Sponsored by HAPS 02:24 | Summary of Discovery 04:13 | Oxygen at Center Stage 05:24 | HIF Enters the Scene08:08 | Sponsored by AAA 08:26 | VHL - An Unexpected Partner 11:37 | Oxygen sHIFts the Balance 13:20 | Oxygen Shapes Physiology & Pathology 15:15 | Sponsored by HAPI Online Graduate Program 15:48 | Our Course 23:46 | Staying Connected If you cannot see or activate the audio player click here. Questions & Feedback: 1-833-LION-DEN (1-833-546-6336) Follow The A&P Professor on Twitter, Facebook, Blogger, Nuzzel, Tumblr, or Instagram! Singing is like a celebration of oxygen. (Björk)   1 | Introduction to the Bonus Episode 1 minute Kevin introduces the bonus episode, explaining that he's sharing the press release for the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. It's chunked for clarity. Press release: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2019. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Media AB 2019. Mon. 7 Oct 2019.   2 | Sponsored by HAPS 2 minutes The Human Anatomy & Physiology Society (HAPS) is a sponsor of this podcast.  You can help appreciate their support by clicking the link below and checking out the many resources and benefits found there. There are a bunch of 1-day regional workshops scattered all over the continent. There's probably one near you coming up this year (or next)! Anatomy & Physiology Society  theAPprofessor.org/haps     3 | Summary of the Discovery 2 minutes 2019-10-07: The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet has today decided to award the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine jointly to William G. Kaelin Jr., Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe, and Gregg L. Semenza for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability. They identified molecular machinery that regulates the activity of genes in response to varying levels of oxygen.   4 | Oxygen at Center Stage 1 minute During evolution, mechanisms developed to ensure a sufficient supply of oxygen to tissues and cells.   5 | HIF Enters the Scene 3 minutes Gregg Semenza studied the EPO (erythropoietin) gene and how it is regulated by varying oxygen levels. In cultured liver cells he discovered a protein complex that binds to the identified DNA segment in an oxygen-dependent manner. He called this complex the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). HIF was found to consist of two different DNA-binding proteins, so called transcription factors, now named HIF-1α and ARNT.   6 | Sponsored by AAA 0.5 minutes A searchable transcript for this episode, as well as the captioned audiogram of this episode, are sponsored by the American Association for Anatomy (AAA) at anatomy.org. Searchable transcript Captioned audiogram      7 | VHL - An Unexpected Partner 3 minutes When oxygen levels are high, cells contain very little HIF-1α. However, when oxygen levels are low, the amount of HIF-1α increases so that it can bind to and thus regulate the EPO gene as well as other genes with HIF-binding DNA segments. See figure (if you can't see it, go to https://my-ap.us/35fm0O6). At about the same time as Semenza and Ratcliffe were exploring the regulation of the EPO gene, cancer researcher William Kaelin, Jr. was researching an inherited syndrome, von Hippel-Lindau's disease (VHL disease). VHL is part of a complex that labels proteins with ubiquitin, marking them for degradation in the proteasome. Ratcliffe and his research group then made a key discovery: demonstrating that VHL can physically interact with HIF-1α and is required for its degradation at normal oxygen levels. This conclusively linked VHL to HIF-1α. When oxygen levels are low (hypoxia), HIF-1α is protected from degradation and accumulates in the nucleus, where it associates with ARNT and binds to specific DNA sequences (HRE) in hypoxia-regulated genes (1). At normal oxygen levels, HIF-1α is rapidly degraded by the proteasome (2). Oxygen regulates the degradation process by the addition of hydroxyl groups (OH) to HIF-1α (3). The VHL protein can then recognize and form a complex with HIF-1α leading to its degradation in an oxygen-dependent manner (4). https://my-ap.us/35fm0O6   8 | Oxygen sHIFts the Balance 1.5 minutes It was also shown that the gene activating function of HIF-1α was regulated by oxygen-dependent hydroxylation. The Nobel Laureates had now elucidated the oxygen sensing mechanism and had shown how it works.   9 | Oxygen Shapes Physiology & Pathology 2 minutes Thanks to the groundbreaking work of these Nobel Laureates, we know much more about how different oxygen levels regulate fundamental physiological processes. For example, muscles, blood vessel formation, immunity, RBC production, placenta development, etc. Oxygen sensing is central to a large number of diseases. For example, patients with chronic renal failure often suffer from severe anemia due to decreased EPO expression. See figure (if you cant's see it, go to https://my-ap.us/2LW2cIb) The awarded mechanism for oxygen sensing has fundamental importance in physiology, for example for our metabolism, immune response and ability to adapt to exercise. Many pathological processes are also affected. Intensive efforts are ongoing to develop new drugs that can either inhibit or activate the oxygen-regulated machinery for treatment of anemia, cancer and other diseases. https://my-ap.us/2LW2cIb   10 | Sponsored by HAPI Online Graduate Program 1 minute The Master of Science in Human Anatomy & Physiology Instruction—the MS-HAPI—is a graduate program for A&P teachers. A combination of science courses (enough to qualify you to teach at the college level) and courses in contemporary instructional practice, this program helps you power up  your teaching. Kevin Patton is a faculty member in this program. Check it out! nycc.edu/hapi     11 | Our Course 8 minutes This set of discoveries touches on many of the core concepts of our course (the big ideas of our story of the human body). Nobel Prizes are a cultural touchstone that students can related to, and thus increase interest and motivation. Nobel Prizes can be a starting point for discussion the role of science in the context of society and culture. Additional resources: Main page for this prize: my-ap.us/31Wuc3Z Publications Semenza, G.L, Nejfelt, M.K., Chi, S.M. & Antonarakis, S.E. (1991). Hypoxia-inducible nuclear factors bind to an enhancer element located 3' to the human erythropoietin gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 88, 5680-5684 my-ap.us/2ontmP8 Wang, G.L., Jiang, B.-H., Rue, E.A. & Semenza, G.L. (1995). Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 is a basic-helix-loop-helix-PAS heterodimer regulated by cellular O2 tension. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 92, 5510-5514 my-ap.us/2IxLUD5 Maxwell, P.H., Wiesener, M.S., Chang, G.-W., Clifford, S.C., Vaux, E.C., Cockman, M.E., Wykoff, C.C., Pugh, C.W., Maher, E.R. & Ratcliffe, P.J. (1999). The tumour suppressor protein VHL targets hypoxia-inducible factors for oxygen-dependent proteolysis. Nature, 399, 271-275 my-ap.us/2op4XbP Mircea, I., Kondo, K., Yang, H., Kim, W., Valiando, J., Ohh, M., Salic, A., Asara, J.M., Lane, W.S. & Kaelin Jr., W.G. (2001) HIFa targeted for VHL-mediated destruction by proline hydroxylation: Implications for O2 sensing. Science, 292, 464-468 my-ap.us/2IxIf8t Jakkola, P., Mole, D.R., Tian, Y.-M., Wilson, M.I., Gielbert, J., Gaskell, S.J., von Kriegsheim, A., Heberstreit, H.F., Mukherji, M., Schofield, C.J., Maxwell, P.H., Pugh, C.W. & Ratcliffe, P.J. (2001). Targeting of HIF-α to the von Hippel-Lindau ubiquitylation complex by O2-regulated prolyl hydroxylation. Science, 292, 468-472 my-ap.us/35i4wR9   If the hyperlinks here are not active, go to TAPPradio.org to find the episode page. More details at the episode page. Transcript available at the script page. Listen to any episode on your Alexa device. Need help accessing resources locked behind a paywall? Check out this advice from Episode 32 to get what you need! https://youtu.be/JU_l76JGwVw?t=440   Sponsors   Transcript and captions for this episode are supported by the  American Association for Anatomy. anatomy.org     The Human Anatomy & Physiology Society  also provides marketing support for this podcast.  theAPprofessor.org/haps     Distribution of this episode is supported by  NYCC's online graduate program in  Human Anatomy & Physiology Instruction (HAPI)  nycc.edu/hapi   Clicking on sponsor links  helps let them know you appreciate their support of this podcast!   Referrals also help defray podcasting expenses.  Amazon TextExpander Snagit & Camtasia The A&P Professor Logo Items   Follow The A&P Professor on  Twitter, Facebook, Blogger, Nuzzel, Tumblr, or Instagram!   The A&P Professor® and Lion Den® are registered trademarks of Lion Den Inc. (Kevin Patton)  

Emma tells Emlyn about the chemist who found an effective treatment for leprosy, and Emlyn tells Emma about emotional contagion in ravens!  PLEASE FILL OUT THE SURVEY: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScwuYfCujp_voMx1I37E4MB1Tk_UbncK6z8Khn4DC683fV-3A/viewform?usp=sf_link   Sources Main Story - Alice Augusta Ball Brown, Jeannette. African American Women Chemists. Oxford University Press, 2012. UW School of Pharmacy. “UWSOP alumni legend Alice Ball, Class of 1914, solved leprosy therapy riddle.” 2017. https://sop.washington.edu/uwsop-alumni-legend-alice-ball-class-of-1914-solved-leprosy-riddle/ Brewster, Carisa D. “How the Woman Who Found a Leprosy Treatment Was Almost Lost to History.” National Geographic. 2018. https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2018/02/alice-ball-leprosy-hansens-disease-hawaii-womens-history-science/   Women who werk Adriaense, J. E. C., Martin, J. S., Schiestl, M., Lamm, C. & Bugnyar, T. Negative emotional contagion and cognitive bias in common ravens (Corvus corax). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 201817066 (2019). https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2019/05/14/1817066116 Ars Technica article by Scott K Johnson: https://arstechnica.com/science/2019/05/watching-a-hangry-friend-makes-a-raven-a-pessimist/   Music “Work” by Rihanna “Mary Anning” by Artichoke   Cover Image University of Hawai’i

Show notes: In the show, The BioBusters professors, Dr. A and Dr. C, discuss the science behind the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. The BioBusters Docs discuss checkpoint control in immune responses, as well as activating and inhibitory receptors on T cells. The Docs discuss the various FDA approved checkpoint inhibitor drugs and the cancers they treat. Keep the discussion and comments going on the iTunes review section, or feel free to e-mail the podcast with future show ideas and thoughts on the current show. Music by Bahaa Naamani Email us at thebiobusters@gmail.com   References: Freeman, G.J., Long, A.J., Iwai, Y., Bourque, K., Chernova, T., Nishimura, H., Fitz, L.J., Malenkovich, N., Okazaki, T., Byrne, M.C., Horton, H.F., Fouser, L., Carter, L., Ling, V., Bowman, M.R., Carreno, B.M., Collins, M., Wood, C.R. & Honjo, T. (2000). Engagement of the PD-1 immunoinhibitory receptor by a novel B7 family member leads to negative regulation of lymphocyte activation. J Exp Med, 192(7), 1027–1034. Hodi, F.S., Mihm, M.C., Soiffer, R.J., Haluska, F.G., Butler, M., Seiden, M.V., Davis, T., Henry-Spires, R., MacRae, S., Willman, A., Padera, R., Jaklitsch, M.T., Shankar, S., Chen, T.C., Korman, A., Allison, J.P. & Dranoff, G. (2003). Biologic activity of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 antibody blockade in previously vaccinated metastatic melanoma and ovarian carcinoma patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 100(8), 4712-4717 https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2018/press-release/ https://blog.dana-farber.org/insight/2015/09/what-is-a-checkpoint-inhibitor/ https://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/treatment-types/immunotherapy/immune-checkpoint-inhibitors.html https://www.science.org.au/curious/people-medicine/releasing-immune-systems-brakes-fight-cancer https://www.wired.com/story/cancer-immunotherapy-has-arrived-but-not-for-everyone/ https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/10/181009102517.htm

Microneedle-array patches loaded with hypoxia-sensitive vesicles provide fast glucose-responsive insulin delivery. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2015 Jun 22

Oxidized LDL and platelets play a central role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and ischemic cardiovascular diseases. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a thrombogenic substance that accumulates in mildly-oxidized LDL and in human atherosclerotic lesions, and is responsible for the initial platelet activation, shape change, induced by mildly-oxidized LDL and extracts of lipid-rich atherosclerotic plaques (Siess et al., 1999 Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999). LPA directly induced platelet shape change in blood and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) obtained from all blood donors. Albumin was one of the main inhibiting factors of platelet shape change in plasma. Interestingly LPA, at concentrations slightly above plasma levels, induced platelet shape change and aggregation in blood. 1-alkyl-LPA (16:0) was almost 20-fold more potent than 1-acyl-LPA (16:0). LPA-stimulated platelet aggregation in blood and PRP was donor-dependent. LPA-induced aggregation in blood could be completely blocked by the ADP- scavenging enzyme, apyrase, and antagonists of the platelet ADP-receptors P2Y1 and P2Y12. These substances also inhibited LPA-induced aggregation of platelet-rich plasma, and aggregation and serotonin secretion of washed platelets. These results indicate a central role for ADP-mediated P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptor activation in supporting LPA-induced platelet aggregation and show that LPA synergistically with ADP induces platelet aggregation in blood. Thus antagonists of platelet P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptors, especially in donors highly sensitive to LPA, might be useful in preventing LPA-elicited thrombus formation in patients with cardiovascular diseases. The mechanism of LPA plus ADP-induced aggregation was independent of the Rho/Rho kinase pathway which mediated LPA-induced platelet shape change in blood. LPA, activating G13, but not Gi or Gq synergized also with epinephrine, activating Gi, and serotonin, activating Gq, in amplifying LPA-induced platelet aggregation in washed platelets. LPA/serotonin-induced aggregation was blocked by either ADP-receptor antagonist whereas synergistic aggregation induced by LPA/epinephrine was independent from ADP-receptor antagonists. The latter results demonstrate an additional mechanism for aggregation independent of P2Y1 and P2Y12. Most surprising, LPA-induced platelet aggregation was insensitive to inhibition by aspirin. LPA at low concentrations, starting slightly above plasma level, was also capable of eliciting platelet-monocyte conjugate formation. LPA-induced platelet-monocyte formation was independent of the blood donor. ADP mediated P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptor activation played only a minor role. Platelet-monocyte aggregate formation stimulated by LPA was P-selectin-mediated and insensitive to inhibition by aspirin. Pathophysiolocical events such as sudden plaque rupture or progressive enrichment of circulating oxidized LDL at critical sites of turbulent flow might lead to higher local blood concentration of LPA. This can induce platelet shape change, platelet aggregation and platelet-monocyte formation at atherosclerotic sites. LPA receptor antagonists could be of possible benefit not only preventing arterial thrombosis, but also retarding vascular inflammation in patients with cardiovascular disease.