Podcasts about EPO

Squirrel Hill Vinyl Club, your monthly journey across techno, trance, acid, downtempo and houzy stuff. EPO, founder and member of Mentalità (a Bologna-Italy based electronic crew), is a Selector and DJ who recently moved to Pittsburgh with his bag full of european records and found a second home in the vinyl stores of the Steel City. Only vinyls selecta, hidden gems from the secondhand stores of Berlin, Amsterdam, London, Rome and the finest last releases. ---------- Follow EPO ◊ https://www.instagram.com/epo40135 ◊ https://www.facebook.com/Mentalitaa ◊ https://soundcloud.com/epo40135 ---------- Follow MSYH.FM » http://MSYH.FM » http://x.com/MSYHFM » http://instagram.com/MSYH.FM » http://facebook.com/MSYH.FM » http://patreon.com/MSYHFM ---------- Follow Make Sure You Have Fun™ ∞ http://MakeSureYouHaveFun.com ∞ http://x.com/MakeSureYouHave ∞ http://instagram.com/MakeSureYouHaveFun ∞ http://facebook.com/MakeSureYouHaveFun ∞ http://youtube.com/@MakeSureYouHaveFun ∞ http://twitch.tv/@MakeSureYouHaveFun

Full Show Notes: https://bengreenfieldlife.com/lnraw03/ Welcome to a no-holds-barred, behind-the-scenes edition. You’re getting an exclusive replay from my Life Network’s RAW series—a solo deep dive where I share straight-up, sometimes controversial truths you won’t always hear on the main show. In this episode, I peel back the curtain on a recent mastermind weekend at my home, where I observed over 20 high-performing men up close: we’re talking morning routines, meal habits, biohacking practices, tech usage—you name it. What did I see? Even the “healthy” folks slip into patterns that sabotage fat loss, disrupt sleep, tank metabolic health, and kill mobility. I lay it all out: how “healthy” snacks sneak in hundreds of mindless calories, why evening stimulant use is wrecking your sleep, the truth about EMF and laptop exposure, the game-changing power of post-meal movement, and the essential daily mobility practice my body swears by. Episode Sponsors: BIOptimizers Magnesium Breakthrough: The 7 essential forms of magnesium included in this full spectrum serving help you relax, unwind, and turn off your active brain after a long and stressful day so you can rest peacefully and wake up feeling refreshed, vibrant, and alert. Go to bioptimizers.com/ben and use code ben15 for 15% off any order. Health Lighting: If you want to see and feel the difference better light can make in your life, give Chromalux® full spectrum light bulbs a try. Go to healthlighting.com and use code Ben10 at checkout to save 10% off your order. Ketone-IQ: Ketone-IQ delivers science-backed performance fuel that increases power output by 19%, reduces fatigue by 10%, and naturally boosts EPO production for better oxygen delivery—trusted by elite athletes like Jon Jones and Olympic champions. Save 30% on your subscription plus get a free gift with your second shipment at Ketone.com/BENG. Quantum Upgrade: Recent research has revealed that the Quantum Upgrade was able to increase ATP production by a jaw-dropping 20–25% in human cells. Unlock a 15-day free trial with the code BEN15 at quantumupgrade.io. Truvaga: Balance your nervous system naturally with Truvaga's vagus nerve stimulator. Visit Truvaga.com/Greenfield and use code GREENFIELD30 to save $30 off any Truvaga device. Calm your mind, focus better, and recover faster in just two minutes.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

I am Rolf Claessen and together with my co-host Ken Suzan I am welcoming you to episode 169 of our podcast IP Fridays! Today's interview guest is Prof. Aloys Hüttermann, co-founder of my patent law firm Michalski Hüttermann & Partner and a true expert on the Unified Patent Court. He has written several books about the new system and we talk about all the things that plaintiffs and defendants can learn from the first decisions of the court and what they mean for strategic decisions of the parties involved. But before we jump into this very interesting interview, I have news for you! The US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) is planning rule changes that would make it virtually impossible for third parties to challenge invalid patents before the patent office. Criticism has come from the EFF and other inventor rights advocates: the new rules would play into the hands of so-called non-practicing entities (NPEs), as those attacked would have few cost-effective ways to have questionable patents deleted. The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) reports a new record in international patent applications: in 2024, around 3.7 million patent applications were filed worldwide – an increase of 4.9% over the previous year. The main drivers were Asian countries (China alone accounted for 1.8 million), while demand for trademark protection has stabilized after the pandemic decline. US rapper Eminem is taking legal action in Australia against a company that sells swimwear under the name “Swim Shady.” He believes this infringes on his famous “Slim Shady” brand. The case illustrates that even humorous allusions to well-known brand names can lead to legal conflicts. A new ruling by the Unified Patent Court (UPC) demonstrates its cross-border impact. In “Fujifilm v. Kodak,” the local chamber in Mannheim issued an injunction that extends to the UK despite Brexit. The UPC confirmed its jurisdiction over the UK parts of a European patent, as the defendant Kodak is based in a UPC member state. A dispute over standard patents is looming at the EU level: the Legal Affairs Committee (JURI) of the European Parliament voted to take the European Commission to the European Court of Justice. The reason for this is the Commission’s controversial withdrawal of a draft regulation on the licensing of standard-essential patents (SEPs). Parliament President Roberta Metsola is to decide by mid-November whether to file the lawsuit. In trademark law, USPTO Director Squires reported on October 31, 2025, that a new unit (“Trademark Registration Protection Office”) had removed approximately 61,000 invalid trademark applications from the registries. This cleanup of the backlog relieved the examining authority and accelerated the processing of legitimate applications. Now let's jump into the interview with Aloys Hüttermann: The Unified Patent Court Comes of Age – Insights from Prof. Aloys Hüttermann The Unified Patent Court (UPC) has moved from a long-discussed project to a living, breathing court system that already shapes patent enforcement in Europe. In a recent IP Fridays interview, Prof. Aloys Hüttermann – founder and equity partner at Michalski · Hüttermann & Partner and one of the earliest commentators on the UPC – shared his experiences from the first years of practice, as well as his view on how the UPC fits into the global patent litigation landscape. This article summarises the key points of that conversation and is meant as an accessible overview for in-house counsel, patent attorneys and business leaders who want to understand what the UPC means for their strategy. How Prof. Hüttermann Became “Mr. UPC” Prof. Hüttermann has been closely involved with the UPC for more than a decade. When it became clear, around 13 years ago, that the European project of a unified patent court and a unitary patent was finally going to happen, he recognised that this would fundamentally change patent enforcement in Europe. He started to follow the legislative and political developments in detail and went beyond mere observation. As author and editor of several books and a major commentary on the UPC, he helped shape the discussion around the new system. His first book on the UPC appeared in 2016 – years before the court finally opened its doors in 2023. What fascinated him from the beginning was the unique opportunity to witness the creation of an entirely new court system, to analyse how it would be built and, where possible, to contribute to its understanding and development. It was clear to him that this system would be a “game changer” for European patent enforcement. UPC in the Global Triangle: Europe, the US and China In practice, most international patent disputes revolve around three major regions: the UPC territory in Europe, the United States and China. Each of these regions has its own procedural culture, cost structure and strategic impact. From a territorial perspective, the UPC is particularly attractive because it can, under the right conditions, grant pan-European injunctions that cover a broad range of EU Member States with a single decision. This consolidation of enforcement is something national courts in Europe simply cannot offer. From a cost perspective, the UPC is significantly cheaper than US litigation, especially if one compares the cost of one UPC action with a bundle of separate national cases in large European markets. When viewed against the territorial reach and procedural speed, the “bang for the buck” is very compelling. China is again a different story. The sheer volume of cases there is enormous, with tens of thousands of patent infringement cases per year. Chinese courts are known for their speed; first-instance decisions within about a year are common. In this respect they resemble the UPC more than the US does. The UPC also aims at a roughly 12 to 15 month time frame for first-instance cases where validity is at issue. The US, by contrast, features extensive discovery, occasionally jury trials and often longer timelines. The procedural culture is very different. The UPC, like Chinese courts, operates without discovery in the US sense, which makes proceedings more focused on the written record and expert evidence that the parties present, and less on pre-trial disclosure battles. Whether a company chooses to litigate in the US, the UPC, China, or some combination of these forums will depend on where the key markets and assets are. However, in Prof. Hüttermann's view, once Europe is an important market, it is hard to justify ignoring the UPC. He expects the court's caseload and influence to grow strongly over the coming years. A Landmark UPC Case: Syngenta v. Sumitomo A particularly important case in which Prof. Hüttermann was involved is the Syngenta v. Sumitomo matter, concerning a composition patent. This case has become a landmark in UPC practice for several reasons. First, the Court of Appeal clarified a central point about the reach of UPC injunctions. It made clear that once infringement is established in one Member State, this will usually be sufficient to justify a pan-European injunction covering all UPC countries designated by the patent. That confirmation gave patent owners confidence that the UPC can in fact deliver broad, cross-border relief in one go. Second, the facts of the case raised novel issues about evidence and territorial reach. The allegedly infringing product had been analysed based on a sample from the Czech Republic, which is not part of the UPC system. Later, the same product with the same name was marketed in Bulgaria, which is within UPC territory. The Court of Appeal held that the earlier analysis of the Czech sample could be relied on for enforcement in Bulgaria. This showed that evidence from outside the UPC territory can be sufficient, as long as it is properly linked to the products marketed within the UPC. Third, the Court of Appeal took the opportunity to state its view on inventive step. It confirmed that combining prior-art documents requires a “pointer”, in line with the EPO's problem-solution approach. The mere theoretical possibility of extracting a certain piece of information from a document does not suffice to justify an inventive-step attack. This is one of several decisions where the UPC has shown a strong alignment with EPO case law on substantive patentability. For Prof. Hüttermann personally, the case was also a lesson in oral advocacy before the UPC. During the two appeal hearings, the presiding judge asked unexpected questions that required quick and creative responses while the hearing continued. His practical takeaway is that parties should appear with a small, well-coordinated team: large enough to allow someone to work on a tricky question in the background, but small enough to remain agile. Two or three lawyers seem ideal; beyond that, coordination becomes difficult and “too many cooks spoil the broth”. A Game-Changing CJEU Decision: Bosch Siemens Hausgeräte v. Electrolux Surprisingly, one of the most important developments for European patent litigation in the past year did not come from the UPC at all, but from the Court of Justice of the European Union. In Bosch Siemens Hausgeräte v. Electrolux, the CJEU revisited the rules on cross-border jurisdiction under the Brussels I Recast Regulation (Brussels Ia). Previously, under what practitioners often referred to as the GAT/LuK regime, a court in one EU country was largely prevented from granting relief for alleged infringement in another country if the validity of the foreign patent was contested there. This significantly limited the possibilities for cross-border injunctions. In Bosch, the CJEU changed course. Without going into all procedural details, the essence is that courts in the EU now have broader powers to grant cross-border relief when certain conditions are met, particularly when at least one defendant is domiciled in the forum state. The concept of an “anchor defendant” plays a central role: if you sue one group company in its home forum, other group companies in other countries, including outside the EU, can be drawn into the case. This has already had practical consequences. German courts, for example, have issued pan-European injunctions covering around twenty countries in pharmaceutical cases. There are even attempts to sue European companies for infringement of US patents based on acts in the US, using the logic of Bosch as a starting point. How far courts will ultimately go remains to be seen, but the potential is enormous. For the UPC, this development is highly relevant. The UPC operates in the same jurisdictional environment as national courts, and many defendants in UPC cases will be domiciled in UPC countries. This increases the likelihood that the UPC, too, can leverage the broadened possibilities for cross-border relief. In addition, we have already seen UPC decisions that include non-EU countries such as the UK within the scope of injunctions, in certain constellations. The interaction between UPC practice and the Bosch jurisprudence of the CJEU is only beginning to unfold. Does the UPC Follow EPO Case Law? A key concern for many patent owners and practitioners is whether the UPC will follow the EPO's Boards of Appeal or develop its own, possibly divergent, case law on validity. On procedural matters, the UPC is naturally different from the EPO. It has its own rules of procedure, its own timelines and its own tools, such as “front-loaded” pleadings and tight limits on late-filed material. On substantive law, however, Prof. Hüttermann's conclusion is clear: there is “nothing new under the sun”. The UPC's approach to novelty, inventive step and added matter is very close to that of the EPO. The famous “gold standard” for added matter appears frequently in UPC decisions. Intermediate generalisations are treated with the same suspicion as at the EPO. In at least one case, the UPC revoked a patent for added matter even though the EPO had granted it in exactly that form. The alignment is not accidental. The UPC only deals with European patents granted by the EPO; it does not hear cases on purely national patents. If the UPC were more generous than the EPO, many patents would never reach it. If it were systematically stricter, patentees would be more tempted to opt out of the system. In practice, the UPC tends to apply the EPO's standards and, where anything differs, it is usually a matter of factual appreciation rather than a different legal test. For practitioners, this has a very practical implication: if you want to predict how the UPC will decide on validity, the best starting point is to ask how the EPO would analyse the case. The UPC may not always reach the same result in parallel EPO opposition proceedings, but the conceptual framework is largely the same. Trends in UPC Practice: PIs, Equivalents and Division-Specific Styles Even in its early years, certain trends and differences between UPC divisions can be observed. On preliminary injunctions, the local division in Düsseldorf has taken a particularly proactive role. It has been responsible for most of the ex parte PIs granted so far and applies a rather strict notion of urgency, often considering one month after knowledge of the infringement as still acceptable, but treating longer delays with scepticism. Other divisions tend to see two months as still compatible with urgency, and they are much more cautious with ex parte measures. Munich, by contrast, has indicated a strong preference for inter partes PI proceedings and appears reluctant to grant ex parte relief at all. A judge from Munich has even described the main action as the “fast” procedure and the inter partes PI as the “very fast” one, leaving little room for an even faster ex parte track. There are also differences in how divisions handle amendments and auxiliary requests in PI proceedings. Munich has suggested that if a patentee needs to rely on claim amendments or auxiliary requests in a PI, the request is unlikely to succeed. Other divisions have been more open to considering auxiliary requests. The doctrine of equivalents is another area where practice is not yet harmonised. The Hague division has explicitly applied a test taken from Dutch law in at least one case and found infringement by equivalence. However, the Court of Appeal has not yet endorsed a specific test, and in another recent Hague case the same division did not apply that Dutch-law test again. The Mannheim division has openly called for the development of an autonomous, pan-European equivalence test, but has not yet fixed such a test in a concrete decision. This is clearly an area to watch. Interim conferences are commonly used in most divisions to clarify issues early on, but Düsseldorf often dispenses with them to save time. In practice, interim conferences can be very helpful for narrowing down the issues, though parties should not expect to be able to predict the final decision from what is discussed there. Sometimes topics that dominate the interim conference play little or no role in the main oral hearing. A Front-Loaded System and Typical Strategic Mistakes UPC proceedings are highly front-loaded and very fast. A defendant usually has three months from service of the statement of claim to file a full statement of defence and any counterclaim for revocation. This is manageable, but only if the time is used wisely. One common strategic problem is that parties lose time at the beginning and only develop a clear strategy late in the three-month period. According to Prof. Hüttermann, it is crucial to have a firm strategy within the first two or three weeks and then execute it consistently. Constantly changing direction is a recipe for failure in such a compressed system. Another characteristic is the strict attitude towards late-filed material. It is difficult to introduce new documents or new inventive-step attacks later in the procedure. In some cases even alternative combinations of already-filed prior-art documents have been viewed as “new” attacks and rejected as late. At the appeal stage, the Court of Appeal has even considered new arguments based on different parts of a book already in the file as potentially late-filed. This does not mean that parties should flood the court with dozens of alternative attacks in the initial brief. In one revocation action, a plaintiff filed about fifty different inventive-step attacks, only to be told by the court that this was not acceptable and that the attacks had to be reduced and structured. The UPC is not a body conducting ex officio examination. It is entitled to manage the case actively and to ask parties to focus on the most relevant issues. Evidence Gathering, Protective Letters and the Defendant's Perspective The UPC provides powerful tools for both sides. Evidence inspection is becoming more common, not only at trade fairs but also at company premises. This can be a valuable tool for patentees, but it also poses a serious risk for defendants who may suddenly face court-ordered inspections. From the perspective of potential defendants, protective letters are an important instrument, especially in divisions like Düsseldorf where ex parte PIs are possible. A well-written protective letter, filed in advance, can significantly reduce the risk of a surprise injunction. The court fees are moderate, but the content of the protective letter must be carefully prepared; a poor submission can cause more harm than good. Despite the strong tools available to patentees, Prof. Hüttermann does not view the UPC as unfair to defendants. If a defendant files a solid revocation counterclaim, the pressure shifts to the patentee, who then has only two months to reply, prepare all auxiliary requests and adapt the enforcement strategy. This is even more demanding than at the EPO, because the patentee must not only respond to validity attacks but also ensure that any amended claims still capture the allegedly infringing product. It is entirely possible to secure the survival of a patent with an auxiliary request that no longer covers the defendant's product. In that scenario, the patentee has “won” on validity but lost the infringement case. Managing this tension under tight time limits is a key challenge of UPC practice. The Future Role of the UPC and How to Prepare Today the UPC hears a few hundred cases per year, compared with several thousand patent cases in the US and tens of thousands in China. Nevertheless, both the court itself and experienced practitioners see significant growth potential. Prof. Hüttermann expects case numbers to multiply in the medium term. Whether the UPC will become the first choice forum in global disputes or remain one pillar in parallel proceedings alongside the US and China will depend on the strategies of large patentees and the evolution of case law. However, the court is well equipped: it covers a large, economically important territory, is comparatively cost-effective and offers fast procedures with robust remedies. For companies that may end up before the UPC, preparation is essential. On the offensive side, that means building strong evidence and legal arguments before filing, being ready to proceed quickly and structured, and understanding the specific styles of the relevant divisions. On the defensive side, it may mean filing protective letters in risk-exposed markets, preparing internal processes for rapid reaction if a statement of claim arrives, and taking inspection requests seriously. Conclusion The Unified Patent Court has quickly moved from theory to practice. It offers pan-European relief, fast and front-loaded procedures, and a substantive approach that closely mirrors the EPO's case law. At the same time, national and EU-level developments like the Bosch Siemens Hausgeräte v. Electrolux decision are reshaping the jurisdictional framework in which the UPC operates, opening the door for far-reaching cross-border injunctions. For patent owners and potential defendants alike, the message is clear: the UPC is here to stay and will become more important year by year. Those who invest the time to understand its dynamics now – including its alignment with the EPO, the differences between divisions, and the strategic implications of its procedures – will be in a much better position when the first UPC dispute lands on their desk. Here is the full transcript of the interview: Rolf Claessen:Today's interview guest is Prof. Aloys Hüttermann. He is founder and equity partner of my firm, Michalski · Hüttermann & Partner. More importantly for today's interview, he has written several books about the Unified Patent Court. The first one already came out in 2016. He is co-editor and author of one of the leading commentaries on the UPC and has gained substantial experience in UPC cases so far – one of them even together with me. Thank you very much for being on IP Fridays again, Aloys. Aloys Hüttermann:Thank you for inviting me, it's an honour. How did you get so deeply involved in the UPC? Rolf Claessen:Before we dive into the details, how did you end up so deeply involved in the Unified Patent Court? And what personally fascinates you about this court? Aloys Hüttermann:This goes back quite a while – roughly 13 years. At that time it became clear that, after several failed attempts, Europe would really get a pan-European court and a pan-European patent, and that this time it was serious. I thought: this is going to be the future. That interested me a lot, both intellectually and practically. A completely new system was being built. You could watch how it evolved – and, if possible, even help shape it a bit. It was also obvious to me that this would be a complete game changer. Nobody expected that it would take until 2023 before the system actually started operating, but now it is here. I became heavily interested early on. As you mentioned, my first book on the UPC was published in 2016, in the expectation that the system would start soon. It took a bit longer, but now we finally have it. UPC vs. US and China – speed, cost and impact Rolf Claessen:Before we go deeper into the UPC, let's zoom out. If you compare litigation before the UPC with patent litigation in the US and in China – in terms of speed, cost and the impact of decisions – what are the key differences that a business leader should understand? Aloys Hüttermann:If you look at the three big regions – the UPC territory in Europe, the US and China – these are the major economic areas for many technology companies. One important point is territorial reach. In the UPC, if the conditions are met, you can get pan-European injunctions that cover many EU Member States in one go. We will talk about this later in more detail. On costs there is a huge difference between the US and the UPC. The UPC is much cheaper than US litigation, especially once you look at the number of countries you can cover with one case if the patent has been validated widely. China is different again. The number of patent infringement cases there is enormous. I have seen statistics of around 40,000 infringement cases per year in China. That is huge – compared with roughly 164 UPC infringement cases in the first year and maybe around 200 in the current year. On speed, Chinese courts are known to be very fast. You often get a first-instance decision in about a year. The UPC is comparable: if there is a counterclaim for revocation, you are looking at something like 12 to 15 months for a first-instance decision. The US can be slower, and the procedure is very different. You have full discovery, you may have juries. None of that exists at the UPC. From that perspective, Chinese and UPC proceedings are more similar to each other than either is to the US. The UPC is still a young court. We have to see how influential its case law will be worldwide in the long run. What we already see, at least in Germany, is a clear trend away from purely national patent litigation and towards the UPC. That is inside Europe. The global impact will develop over time. When is the UPC the most powerful tool? Rolf Claessen:Let's take the perspective of a global company. It has significant sales in Europe and in the US and production or key suppliers in China. In which situations would you say the UPC is your most powerful tool? And when might the US or China be the more strategic battleground? Aloys Hüttermann:To be honest, I would almost always consider bringing a case before the UPC. The “bang for the buck” is very good. The UPC is rather fast. That alone already gives you leverage in negotiations. The threat of a quick, wide-reaching injunction is a strong negotiation tool. Whether you litigate in the US instead of the UPC, or in addition, or whether you also go to China – that depends heavily on the individual case: where the products are sold, where the key markets are, where the defendant has assets, and so on. But in my view, once you have substantial sales in Europe, you should seriously consider the UPC. And for that reason alone I expect case numbers at the UPC to increase significantly in the coming years. A landmark UPC case: Syngenta vs. Sumitomo (composition patent) Rolf Claessen:You have already been involved in several UPC cases – and one of them together with me, which was great fun. Looking at the last 12 to 18 months, is there a case, decision or development that you find particularly noteworthy – something that really changed how you think about UPC litigation or how companies should prepare? Aloys Hüttermann:The most important UPC case I have been involved in so far is the Syngenta v. Sumitomo case on a composition patent. It has become a real landmark and was even mentioned in the UPC's annual report. It is important for several reasons. First, it was one of the first cases in which the Court of Appeal said very clearly: if you have established infringement in one Member State, that will usually be enough for a pan-European injunction covering all UPC countries designated by the patent. That is a powerful statement about the reach of UPC relief. Second, the facts were interesting. The patent concerned a composition. We had analysed a sample that had been obtained in the Czech Republic, which is not a UPC country. Later, the same product was marketed under the same name in Bulgaria, which is in the UPC. The question was whether the analysis of the Czech sample could be used as a basis for enforcement in Bulgaria. The Court of Appeal said yes, that was sufficient. Third, the Court of Appeal took the opportunity to say something about inventive step. It more or less confirmed that the UPC's approach is very close to the EPO's problem-solution approach. It emphasised that, if you want to combine prior-art documents, you need a “pointer” to do so. The mere theoretical possibility that a skilled person could dig a particular piece of information out of a document is not enough. For me personally, the most memorable aspect of this case was not the outcome – that was largely in line with what we had expected – but the oral hearings at the appeal stage. We had two hearings. In both, the presiding judge asked us a question that we had not anticipated at all. And then you have about 20 minutes to come up with a convincing answer while the hearing continues. We managed it, but it made me think a lot about how you should prepare for oral hearings at the UPC. My conclusion is: you should go in with a team, but not too big. In German we say, “Zu viele Köche verderben den Brei” – too many cooks spoil the broth. Two or three people seems ideal. One of them can work quietly on such a surprise question at the side, while the others continue arguing the case. In the end the case went very well for us, so I can speak about it quite calmly now. But in the moment your heart rate definitely goes up. The CJEU's Bosch Siemens Hausgeräte v. Electrolux decision – a real game changer Rolf Claessen:You also mentioned another development that is not even a UPC case, but still very important for European patent litigation. Aloys Hüttermann:Yes. In my view, the most important case of the last twelve months is not a UPC decision but a judgment of the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU): Bosch Siemens Hausgeräte v. Electrolux. This is going to be a real game changer for European IP law, and I am sure we have not seen the end of its effects yet. One example: someone has recently sued BMW before the Landgericht München I, a German court, for infringement of a US patent based on acts in the US. The argument is that this could be backed by the logic of Bosch Siemens Hausgeräte v. Electrolux. We do not know yet what the court will do with that, but the fact that people are trying this shows how far-reaching the decision might be. Within the UPC we have already seen injunctions being issued for countries outside the UPC territory and even outside the EU, for example including the UK. So you see how these developments start to interact. Rolf Claessen:For listeners who have not followed the case so closely: in very simple terms, the CJEU opened the door for courts in one EU country to rule on patent infringement that took place in other countries as well, right? Aloys Hüttermann:Exactly. Before Bosch Siemens Hausgeräte v. Electrolux we had what was often called the GAT/LuK regime. The basic idea was: if you sue someone in, say, Germany for infringement of a European patent, and you also ask for an injunction for France, and the defendant then challenges the validity of the patent in France, the German court cannot grant you an injunction covering France. The Bosch decision changed that. The legal basis is the Brussels I Recast Regulation (Brussels Ia), which deals with jurisdiction in civil and commercial matters in the EU. It is not specific to IP; it applies to civil cases generally, but it does have some provisions that are relevant for patents. In Bosch, a Swedish court asked the CJEU for guidance on cross-border injunctions. The CJEU more or less overturned its old GAT/LuK case law. Now, in principle, if the defendant is domiciled in a particular Member State, the courts of that state can also grant cross-border relief for other countries, under certain conditions. We will not go into all the details here – that could fill a whole separate IP Fridays episode – but one important concept is the “anchor defendant”. If you sue a group of companies and at least one defendant is domiciled in the forum state, then other group companies in other countries – even outside the EU, for example in Hong Kong – can be drawn into the case and affected by the decision. This is not limited to the UPC, but of course it is highly relevant for UPC litigation. Statistically it increases the chances that at least one defendant will be domiciled in a UPC country, simply because there are many of them. And we have already seen courts like the Landgericht München I grant pan-European injunctions for around 20 countries in a pharmaceutical case. Rolf Claessen:Just to clarify: does it have to be the headquarters of the defendant in that country, or is any registered office enough? Aloys Hüttermann:That is one of the open points. If the headquarters are in Europe, then it is clear that subsidiaries outside Europe can be affected as well. If the group's headquarters are outside Europe and only a subsidiary is here, the situation is less clear and we will have to see what the courts make of it. Does the UPC follow EPO case law? Rolf Claessen:Many patent owners and in-house counsel wonder: does the UPC largely follow the case law of the EPO Boards of Appeal, or is it starting to develop its own distinct line? What is your impression so far – both on substantive issues like novelty and inventive step, and on procedural questions? Aloys Hüttermann:On procedure the UPC is, of course, very different. It has its own procedural rules and they are not the same as at the EPO. If we look at patent validity, however, my impression is that there is “nothing new under the sun” – that was the title of a recent talk I gave and will give again in Hamburg. Substantively, the case law of the UPC and the EPO is very similar. For inventive step, people sometimes say the UPC does not use the classical problem-solution approach but a more “holistic” approach – whatever that is supposed to mean. In practice, in both systems you read and interpret prior-art documents and decide what they really disclose. In my view, the “error bar” that comes from two courts simply reading a document slightly differently is much larger than any systematic difference in legal approach. If you look at other grounds, such as novelty and added matter, the UPC even follows the EPO almost verbatim. The famous “gold standard” for added matter appears all over UPC decisions, even if the EPO case numbers are not always cited. The same is true for novelty. So the rule-based, almost “Hilbertian” EPO approach is very much present at the UPC. There is also a structural reason for that. All patents that the UPC currently deals with have been granted by the EPO. The UPC does not handle patents granted only by national offices. If the UPC wanted to deviate from EPO case law and be more generous, then many patents would never reach the UPC in the first place. The most generous approach you can have is the one used by the granting authority – the EPO. So if the UPC wants to be different, it can only be stricter, not more lenient. And there is little incentive to be systematically stricter, because that would reduce the number of patents that are attractive to enforce before the UPC. Patent owners might simply opt out. Rolf Claessen:We also talked about added matter and a recent case where the Court of Appeal was even stricter than the EPO. That probably gives US patent practitioners a massive headache. They already struggle with added-matter rules in Europe, and now the UPC might be even tougher. Aloys Hüttermann:Yes, especially on added matter. I once spoke with a US practitioner who said, “We hope the UPC will move away from intermediate generalisations.” There is no chance of that. We already have cases where the Court of Appeal confirmed that intermediate generalisations are not allowed, in full alignment with the EPO. You mentioned a recent case where a patent was revoked for added matter, even though it had been granted by the EPO in exactly that form. This shows quite nicely what to expect. If you want to predict how the UPC will handle a revocation action, the best starting point is to ask: “What would the EPO do?” Of course, there will still be cases where the UPC finds an invention to be inventive while the EPO, in parallel opposition proceedings, does not – or vice versa. But those are differences in the appreciation of the facts and the prior art, which you will always have. The underlying legal approach is essentially the same. Rolf Claessen:So you do not see a real example yet where the UPC has taken a totally different route from the EPO on validity? Aloys Hüttermann:No, not really. If I had to estimate how the UPC will decide, I would always start from what I think the EPO would have done. Trends in UPC practice: PIs, equivalents, interim conferences Rolf Claessen:If you look across the different UPC divisions and cases: what trends do you see in practice? For example regarding timelines, preliminary injunctions, how validity attacks are handled, and how UPC cases interact with EPO oppositions or national proceedings? Aloys Hüttermann:If you take the most active divisions – essentially the big four in Germany and the local division in The Hague – they all try to be very careful and diligent in their decisions. But you can already see some differences in practice. For preliminary injunctions there is a clear distinction between the local division in Düsseldorf and most other divisions. Düsseldorf considers one month after knowledge of the infringement as still sufficiently urgent. If you wait longer, it is usually considered too late. In many other divisions, two months is still viewed as fine. Düsseldorf has also been the division that issued most of the ex parte preliminary injunctions so far. Apart from one special outlier where a standing judge from Brussels was temporarily sitting in Milan, Düsseldorf is basically the only one. Other divisions have been much more reluctant. At a conference, Judge Pichlmaier from the Munich division once said that he could hardly imagine a situation where his division would grant an ex parte PI. In his words, the UPC has two types of procedure: one that is fast – the normal main action – and one that is very fast – the inter partes PI procedure. But you do not really have an “ultra-fast” ex parte track, at least not in his division. Another difference relates to amendments and auxiliary requests in PI proceedings. In one recent case in Munich the court said more or less that if you have to amend your patent or rely on auxiliary requests in a PI, you lose. Other divisions have been more flexible and have allowed auxiliary requests. Equivalence is another area where we do not have a unified line yet. So far, only the Hague division has clearly found infringement under the doctrine of equivalents and explicitly used a test taken from Dutch law. Whether that test will be approved by the Court of Appeal is completely open – the first case settled, so the Court of Appeal never ruled on it, and a second one is still very recent. Interestingly, there was another Hague decision a few weeks ago where equivalence was on the table, but the division did not apply that Dutch-law test. We do not know yet why. The Mannheim division has written in one decision that it would be desirable to develop an autonomous pan-European test for equivalence, instead of just importing the German, UK or Dutch criteria. But they did not formulate such a test in that case because it was not necessary for the decision. So we will have to see how that evolves. On timelines, one practical difference is that Düsseldorf usually does not hold an interim conference. That saves them some time. Most other divisions do hold interim conferences. Personally, I like the idea because it can help clarify issues. But you cannot safely read the final outcome from these conferences. I have also seen cases where questions raised at the interim conference did not play any role in the main oral hearing. So they are useful for clarification, but not as a crystal ball. Front-loaded proceedings and typical strategic mistakes Rolf Claessen:If you look at the behaviour of parties so far – both patentees and defendants – what are the most common strategic mistakes you see in UPC litigation? And what would a well-prepared company do differently before the first statement of claim is ever filed? Aloys Hüttermann:You know you do not really want me to answer that question… Rolf Claessen:I do! Aloys Hüttermann:All right. The biggest mistake, of course, is that they do not hire me. That is the main problem. Seriously, it is difficult to judge parties' behaviour from the outside. You rarely know the full picture. There may be national proceedings, licensing discussions, settlement talks, and so on in the background. That can limit what a party can do at the UPC. So instead of criticising, I prefer to say what is a good idea at the UPC. The system is very front-loaded and very fast. If you are sued, you have three months to file your statement of defence and your counterclaim for revocation. In my view, three months are manageable – but only if you use the time wisely and do not waste it on things that are not essential. If you receive a statement of claim, you have to act immediately. You should have a clear strategy within maybe two or three weeks and then implement it. If you change your strategy every few weeks, chances are high that you will fail. Another point is that everything is front-loaded. It is very hard to introduce new documents or new attacks later. Some divisions have been a bit generous in individual cases, but the general line is strict. We have seen, for example, that even if you filed a book in first instance, you may not be allowed to rely on a different chapter from the same book for a new inventive-step attack at the appeal stage. That can be regarded as late-filed, because you could have done it earlier. There is also case law saying that if you first argue inventive step as “D1 plus D2”, and later want to argue “D2 plus D1”, that can already be considered a new, late attack. On the other hand, we had a revocation action where the plaintiff filed about 50 different inventive-step attacks in the initial brief. The division then said: this does not work. Please cut them down or put them in a clear hierarchy. In the end, not all of them were considered. The UPC does not conduct an ex officio examination. It is entitled to manage the case and to tell the parties to limit themselves in the interest of a fair and efficient procedure. Rolf Claessen:I have the feeling that the EPO is also becoming more front-loaded – if you want to rely on documents later, you should file them early. But it sounds like the UPC is even more extreme in that regard. Aloys Hüttermann:Yes, that is true. Protective letters, inspections and the defendant's perspective Rolf Claessen:Suppose someone from a company is listening now and thinks: “We might be exposed at the UPC,” or, “We should maybe use the UPC offensively against competitors.” What would you consider sensible first steps before any concrete dispute arises? And looking three to five years ahead, how central do you expect the UPC to become in global patent litigation compared to the US and China? Aloys Hüttermann:Let me start with the second part. I expect the UPC to become significantly more important. If we have around 200 cases this year, that is a good start, but it is still very small compared to, say, 4,000 to 5,000 patent cases per year in the US and 40,000 or so in China. Even François Bürgin and Klaus Grabinski, in interviews, have said that they are happy with the case load, but the potential is much larger. In my view, it is almost inevitable that we will see four or five times as many UPC cases in the not-too-distant future. As numbers grow, the influence of the UPC will grow as well. Whether, in five or ten years, companies will treat the UPC as their first choice forum – or whether they will usually run it in parallel with US litigation in major disputes – remains to be seen. The UPC would be well equipped for that: the territory it covers is large, Europe is still an important economy, and the UPC procedure is very attractive from a company's perspective. On sensible first steps: if you are worried about being sued, a protective letter can make a lot of sense – especially in divisions like Düsseldorf, where ex parte PIs are possible in principle. A protective letter is not very expensive in terms of court fees. There is also an internal system that ensures the court reads it before deciding on urgent measures. Of course, the content must have a certain quality; a poor protective letter can even backfire. If you are planning to sue someone before the UPC, you should be extremely well prepared when you file. You should already have all important documents and evidence at hand. As we discussed, it is hard to introduce new material later. One tool that is becoming more and more popular is inspection – not just at trade fairs, where we already saw cases very early, but also at company premises. Our firm has already handled such an inspection case. That is something you should keep in mind on both sides: it is a powerful evidence-gathering tool, but also a serious risk if you are on the receiving end. From the defendant's perspective, I do not think the UPC is unfair. If you do your job properly and put a solid revocation counterclaim on the table, then the patentee has only two months to prepare a full reply and all auxiliary requests. And there is a twist that makes life even harder for the patentee than at the EPO. At the EPO the question is mainly: do my auxiliary requests overcome the objections and are they patentable? At the UPC there is an additional layer: do I still have infringement under the amended claims? You may save your patent with an auxiliary request that no longer reads on the defendant's product. That is great for validity, but you have just lost the infringement case. You have kept the patent but lost the battle. And all of this under very tight time limits. That creates considerable pressure on both sides. How to contact Prof. Hüttermann Rolf Claessen:Thank you very much for this really great interview, Aloys. Inside our firm you have a nickname: “the walking encyclopedia of the Unified Patent Court” – because you have written so many books about it and have dealt with the UPC for such a long time. What is the best way for listeners to get in touch with you? Aloys Hüttermann:The easiest way is by email. You can simply write to me, and that is usually the best way to contact me. As you may have noticed, I also like to speak. I am a frequent speaker at conferences. If you happen to be at one of the conferences where I am on the programme – for example, next week in Hamburg – feel free to come up to me and ask me anything in person. But email is probably the most reliable first step. Rolf Claessen:Perfect. Thank you very much, Aloys. Aloys Hüttermann:Thank you. It was a pleasure to be on IP Fridays again. Some of your long-time listeners may remember that a few years ago – when you were not yet part of our firm – we already did an episode on the UPC, back when everything was still very speculative. It is great to be back now that the system is actually in place and working. Rolf Claessen:I am very happy to have you back on the show.

Squirrel Hill Vinyl Club, your monthly journey across techno, trance, acid, downtempo and houzy stuff. EPO, founder and member of Mentalità (a Bologna-Italy based electronic crew), is a Selector and DJ who recently moved to Pittsburgh with his bag full of european records and found a second home in the vinyl stores of the Steel City. Only vinyls selecta, hidden gems from the secondhand stores of Berlin, Amsterdam, London, Rome and the finest last releases. ---------- Follow EPO ◊ https://www.instagram.com/epo40135 ◊ https://www.facebook.com/Mentalitaa ◊ https://soundcloud.com/epo40135 ---------- Follow MSYH.FM » http://MSYH.FM » http://x.com/MSYHFM » http://instagram.com/MSYH.FM » http://facebook.com/MSYH.FM » http://patreon.com/MSYHFM ---------- Follow Make Sure You Have Fun™ ∞ http://MakeSureYouHaveFun.com ∞ http://x.com/MakeSureYouHave ∞ http://instagram.com/MakeSureYouHaveFun ∞ http://facebook.com/MakeSureYouHaveFun ∞ http://youtube.com/@MakeSureYouHaveFun ∞ http://twitch.tv/@MakeSureYouHaveFun

In the latest episode of The Brian D. O'Leary show, we sat down with Yaron Weitzman in a wide-ranging interview that dove into the modern Lakers dynasty, the lasting imprint of the Buss family, and the evolving career of LeBron James. *** Featured Guest Yaron Weitzman: Author, NBA journalist, and insider on all things basketball, discussing his new Lakers book and the deeper drama surrounding LeBron, the Buss family, and team culture. Find Yaron on social media: · X/Twitter (@YaronWeitzman) · Instagram (@yaronweitzman) · TikTok (@yaronweitzman) *** Books Mentioned A Hollywood Ending: The Dreams and Drama of the LeBron Lakers (Doubleday, October 21, 2025) | Yaron Weitzman | A behind-the-scenes account of the recent Lakers' journey, focusing on the politics, personalities, and tensions that have shaped the LeBron-era Lakers. Tanking to the Top: The Philadelphia 76ers and the Most Audacious Process in the History of Professional Sports | Yaron Weitzman | A deep dive into the inner workings of "The Process," chronicling how the 76ers undertook an unapologetic rebuild to become a contender. Giannis: The Improbable Rise of an NBA MVP | Mirin Fader | A New York Times Bestseller tracing Giannis Antetokounmpo's journey from poverty in Greece to world stardom—a nuanced look at his off-court and on-court evolution. Blood in the Garden: The Flagrant History of the 1990s New York Knicks | Chris Herring | The definitive story of Pat Riley's Knicks—physical, controversial, beloved, and often chaotic throughout the NBA's golden era. Three-Ring Circus: Kobe, Shaq, Phil, and the Crazy Years of the Lakers Dynasty | Jeff Pearlman | The inside story of the Lakers' 1996–2004 dynasty, documenting the unforgettable drama and cultural change led by Shaquille O'Neal, Kobe Bryant, and Phil Jackson. I do not recommend any of Pearlman's work, as I believe him to be a disingenuous, sanctimonious jerk … Oh, and a liar. But I'm dutifully giving you the resources. –BO'L *** Key News Stories Discussed The Luka Doncic Trade to the Lakers (February 2025): Lakers landed Luka Doncic, Maxi Kleber, and Markieff Morris in a three-team blockbuster trade, sending Anthony Davis to the Mavericks—a move that shifted the balance of power in the West. For full details and quotes from both the Lakers and Mavericks front offices: See ESPN: “Luka Doncic to Lakers, Anthony Davis to Mavs in 3-team trade” (February 2025). https://www.espn.com/nba/story/_/id/43659380/sources-mavericks-trading-doncic-lakers-anthony-davis Dallas Mavericks Fire GM Nico Harrison (November 2025): Following the controversial Luka trade and mounting pressure from fans, the Mavericks fired GM Nico Harrison at a dramatic team meeting. For the backstory, front-office statements, and Harrison's reasoning at the time of the trade: See ESPN: “Mavericks fire GM Nico Harrison amid continued fan angst” (November 2025). https://www.espn.com/nba/story/_/id/46928742/sources-mavericks-expected-fire-general-manager-nico-harrison *** Chael Sonnen on LeBron – The "Same Guy" Allegation Viral Video/Podcast Segment: Former UFC fighter Chael Sonnen claimed on the Flagrant 2 podcast that he and LeBron James “have the same drug guy.” Sonnen alleged LeBron uses EPO and other PEDs, a claim that's made waves online but is unsupported by any formal evidence or NBA violations to date. For the podcast segment, see: https://x.com/MavsStan41/status/1633276225442521088? also … https://heavy.com/sports/nba/los-angeles-lakers/shocking-claims-about-lakers-lebron-james-revealed/ *** If you have a Substack or want to get started on that platform, I just put together a 31-page guide about how to do it. Properly. It's called Your Substack Success Blueprint. We talk about Magic Johnson in this podcast, so to pay homage to one of the game's true greats, the first 32 people to buy Your Substack Success Blueprint will get a sweet $32 discount. Use code SUBSTACK at checkout. Deal expires after the first 32 purchases, or at the end of the calendar year, whichever comes first. https://briandoleary.gumroad.com/l/blueprint/ *** For press, sponsorship, or guest inquiries, contact brian at briandoleary dot com (you know the drill…).

US Olympic Marathon Trials champion Fiona O'Keeffe joins us at 55:03 to break down her 4th-place finish at the NYC Marathon, how she rebounded from Olympic heartbreak, and what it's like training under Amy and Alistair Cragg. She opens up about her workouts, recovery from injury, and her long-term goals for 2026 and beyond. Before that, we dive into a wild week in track and field: USADA quietly banned Marvin Bracy, the 2022 World 100 m silver medalist, for nearly four years after he provided "substantial assistance" in a federal doping investigation involving the AIU and the DEA. The story first broke through former sprinter Rae Edwards (RaesTake), who claimed Bracy had been serving a secret suspension and said Bracy's then-coach Dennis Mitchell tipped off the authorities after Bracy confided in him about using a PED. The case has sparked major questions about transparency, informants, and how far USADA should go in keeping suspensions hidden. Plus, the IOC bans males from women's sports, Conner and Kylie Mantz headline the Two Cities Marathon, Elise Cranny may be training with Keely Hodgkinson in the UK, and much more.

Show Notes: https://bengreenfieldlife.com/stemcells2025/ In this episode, I sit down in Park City, Utah, with two trailblazers in the regenerative medicine space (and repeat guests): Dr. Harry Adelson and Dr. Amy Killen. They dive deep into the world of the Full Body Stem Cell Make-Over®—exploring what sets their innovative procedures apart, what actually happens during this intensive experience, and why you don’t need to cross any borders to get world-class stem cell treatments. Together, they unravel common myths about stem cell therapy, clarify the legal landscape in the U.S. versus international clinics, and shed light on how these therapies could impact everything from joint recovery and longevity to skin, sexual health, and even brain function. You’ll also get a behind-the-scenes look at the safety protocols, sourcing, and advanced technologies—like laser activation and extracellular vesicles—that elevate their practice above the rest. Episode Sponsors: LeelaQ: Not only do LeelaQ’s products neutralize EMFs, increase ATP production, optimize HRV, and improve blood flow, but they've been third-party proven to do so in placebo-controlled double-blind studies. Visit leelaq.com and use code BEN10 for 10% off. LVLUP Health: I trust and recommend LVLUP Health for your peptide needs as they third-party test every single batch of their peptides to ensure you’re getting exactly what you pay for and the results you’re after! Head over to lvluphealth.com/BGL and use code BEN15 for a special discount on their game-changing range of products. Truvaga: Balance your nervous system naturally with Truvaga's vagus nerve stimulator. Visit Truvaga.com/Greenfield and use code GREENFIELD30 to save $30 off any Truvaga device. Calm your mind, focus better, and recover faster in just two minutes. Ketone-IQ: Ketone-IQ delivers science-backed performance fuel that increases power output by 19%, reduces fatigue by 10%, and naturally boosts EPO production for better oxygen delivery—trusted by elite athletes like Jon Jones and Olympic champions. Save 30% on your subscription plus get a free gift with your second shipment at Ketone.com/BENG. Pique: Pique Teas is where plants and science intersect to produce teas and supplements of unrivaled efficacy, purity, and convenience. Go to Piquelife.com/Ben to get 20% off for life, plus a free starter kit with a rechargeable frother and glass beaker to elevate your ritual. Boundless Bar: Fuel your body and brain with Boundless Bar—the world’s first goBHB®-powered protein bar designed for sustained energy, mental focus, and metabolic health. Made with collagen protein, nut butters, and clean ketones, it supports performance, recovery, and all-day vitality. Grab yours now at boundlessbar.com—and enjoy 10% off when you subscribe.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Im Podcast erwähnt: Unsere Welpen, Willow, Sodemanns, VDH-Bundessieger-Ausstellung + Agria Trophy Show Dortmund, DZRR, Tom von Ridgi Pad, Anti-Giftköder-Seminar von SencoDogs, SENCO DOGS WORKS, Kivanc & Kinder, EPO und Haustierstatistik siehe europets.org In dem Seminar SENCO DOGS WORKS geht es nicht nur um Training, es geht um Verständnis. Hier lernst du, wie Hunde wirklich lernen. Vom sozialen Lernen bis zum formellen Training. Wie viel Ruhe braucht ein Hund wirklich? Warum ist soziales Lernen so entscheidend für die Entwicklung? Wie oft sollte man trainieren und wie eigentlich richtig? Wir sprechen über das, was im Alltag zählt: über Schlaf, Entwicklung, Motivation, Körpersprache und den richtigen Umgang mit unseren Hunden. Schritt für Schritt begleiten wir dich vom ersten Kennenlernen bis zum strukturierten Training. Denn wer seinen Hund versteht, kann ihn fair führen. SENCO DOGS WORKS Wissen, das verbindet! --- In dem Podcast DOGS sprechen Jörg Sommer, Ana Calvo und Ihre Gäste über Themen rund um den Hund. Informativ, inspirierend und kontrovers: „DOGS“ ist der wöchentliche Gedankenaustausch zweier Hunde-Menschen, die sich persönlich zugetan, aber nicht immer einer Meinung in Sachen Hund sind. Immer sonntags und mittwochs, überall wo es Podcasts gibt.

EPO Conductor Roger Kalia is back and this time it's all about the timeless classic Brahms Requiem at the Victory Saturday night (11/8) at 7! Click for more on the EPO's special guests that night and a tidbit about the chorus you may not know!See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

What dangerous secrets lie beneath the "comforting newborn smell" of one of the most trusted companies in the world?In this explosive episode, Pulitzer Prize-nominated NYT journalist Gardiner Harris pulls back the curtain on Johnson & Johnson's history, detailed in his book No More Tears: The Dark Secrets of Johnson & Johnson.Gardiner reveals J&J's systemic deception, from knowingly selling asbestos-contaminated baby powder for seven decades to marketing drugs as cancer cures that were actually "Miracle Grow" for tumours. He exposes J&J's hidden role in the opioid crisis and their shocking refusal to share life-saving HIV drugs with Africa, costing millions of lives.Drawing from years of investigative reporting, Gardiner explains how corporate PR, media influence, and medical incentives allow giants like J&J to evade accountability, even with secret Grand Jury testimony as evidence. Tara and Gardiner also discuss the stories that didn't make it into the book and the mental toll of exposing the truth.Tune in for an essential, eye-opening conversation that forces consumers to question the products of a company they love and trust.Upcoming Bound RetreatsImmersive, one-of-a-kind literary experiences that take writers into the heart of India's most breathtaking landscapes.Wiling: A Weekend Writing Retreat | 28-30 November, 2025Learn more: https://boundindia.com/retreats/ Apply to all retreats: http://bit.ly/44TzYpY ‘Books and Beyond with Bound' is the podcast where Tara Khandelwal and Michelle D'costa uncover how their books reflect the realities of our lives and society today. Find out what drives India's finest authors: from personal experiences to jugaad research methods, insecurities to publishing journeys. Created by Bound, a storytelling company that helps you grow through stories. Follow us @boundindia on all social media platforms.

Full Show Notes: https://bengreenfieldlife.com/lnamie/ Low libido... brain fog... and decreased muscle mass — many women face these issues without realizing they could be linked to hormone imbalances, particularly low testosterone levels. As you navigate through perimenopause or menopause, the overlapping symptoms can be confusing and frustrating, making it difficult to pinpoint the root cause and find effective solutions. In this episode, Dr. Amie Hornaman and I dive deep into the often-overlooked aspects of hormone management, with a special focus on testosterone's pivotal role in women's health. From understanding the complex interactions between testosterone and thyroid levels to exploring the best methods for hormone testing, you'll receive a comprehensive guide to optimizing your hormone balance. You'll also gain insights into various testosterone replacement methods, strategies to manage side effects, and tips on integrating peptide therapy for enhanced recovery and growth hormone levels. Whether you're seeking to boost your libido, enhance cognitive function, or maintain muscle mass, this episode offers practical advice to help you achieve your health goals. Dr. Amie is a certified functional medicine practitioner, a women's hormone specialist, and has a doctorate in clinical nutrition. Dr. Amie helps patients navigate thyroid and hormone supplements and provides thyroid support resources. Dr. Amie's patients are located around the world, including the US, UK, and Australia, and she uses telehealth to help thousands of patients each year. Episode Sponsors: Ketone-IQ: Ketone-IQ delivers science-backed performance fuel that increases power output by 19%, reduces fatigue by 10%, and naturally boosts EPO production for better oxygen delivery—trusted by elite athletes like Jon Jones and Olympic champions. Save 30% on your subscription plus get a free gift with your second shipment at Ketone.com/BENG. Muse: Muse S Athena combines clinical-grade EEG and fNIRS technology to train your brain in real time while tracking sleep with 86% expert-level accuracy. Get 15% off at choosemuse.com/BENGREENFIELD or use code BENGREENFIELD at checkout. Pique: Pique Teas is where plants and science intersect to produce teas and supplements of unrivaled efficacy, purity, and convenience. Go to Piquelife.com/Ben to get 20% off for life, plus a free starter kit with a rechargeable frother and glass beaker to elevate your ritual. ZBiotics Pre-Alcohol Probiotic: The world's first genetically engineered probiotic that helps break down the toxic byproduct of alcohol, Zbiotics Pre-Alcohol allows you to enjoy your night out and feel great the next day. Order with the confidence of a 100% money-back guarantee and 15% off your first order at zbiotics.com/BEN15. Our Place: Upgrade to Our Place today and say goodbye to forever chemicals in your kitchen. Go to fromourplace.comand enter my code BEN at checkout to receive 10% off sitewide. Boundless Bar: If you’re ready to fuel workouts, sharpen your focus, and support whole-body vitality, grab your Boundless Bars now at boundlessbar.com —and save 10% when you sign up for a Boundless Bar subscription. Want to Hear More from Dr Amie and Other Leading Health Experts?Click Here to Join LIFE Network for FreeSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Dopingové případy hýbou světem sportu, ať už to byla kauza cyklisty Lance Armstronga, nebo nedávné odhalení u tenistky Jannika Sinnera. Jak komisaři hlídají špičkové sportovce? A jak často dochází k „neúmyslnému” dopnigu? „Úmyslného dopingu, že si dají EPO, testosteron a tak dále, jsou jednotky procent, protože se to dá celkem jednoduše odhalit. Hodně případů dneska zabírají kontaminované potravinové doplňky,” popisuje v pořadu Kilometry Jiřího Ježka právník Jan Exner.

Découverte EPFL : rebonds prolongés de gouttelettes sur surface vibrante Les brèves du jour Il y a de plus en plus d'allergiques, à voir demain soir dans 36.9 Pourquoi les félins retombent-ils toujours sur leurs pattes? Dictionnaire du sang 2/4 : EPO, fer, hémochromatose et héparine

Äntligen dags för njurmedicin i Internisten - med oss har vi dr Mats Roman som leder oss igenom studier om: EPO-behandling vid CKD - hur högt är för högt?; kontrastmedel även vid sepsis & hög risk för akut njurskada?; och ett gäng udda orsaker till akut njurskada. Vi nämner i avsnittet: SURF:s rekommendationer om jodkontrastmedel: https://slf.se/sfmr/app/uploads/2025/03/Nationella-rekommendationer-jodkontrastmedel-v7.2-2025-03-07.pdf Things we do for no reason-artikel on kontrastmedel: https://shmpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jhm.70063 Artiklarna: Gammal: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa0907845 Ny: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0883944118315181?via%3Dihub Udda: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMc1414481

Squirrel Hill Vinyl Club, your monthly journey across techno, trance, acid, downtempo and houzy stuff. EPO, founder and member of Mentalità (a Bologna-Italy based electronic crew), is a Selector and DJ who recently moved to Pittsburgh with his bag full of european records and found a second home in the vinyl stores of the Steel City. Only vinyls selecta, hidden gems from the secondhand stores of Berlin, Amsterdam, London, Rome and the finest last releases. ---------- Follow EPO ◊ https://www.instagram.com/epo40135 ◊ https://www.facebook.com/Mentalitaa ◊ https://soundcloud.com/epo40135 ---------- Follow MSYH.FM » http://MSYH.FM » http://x.com/MSYHFM » http://instagram.com/MSYH.FM » http://facebook.com/MSYH.FM » http://patreon.com/MSYHFM ---------- Follow Make Sure You Have Fun™ ∞ http://MakeSureYouHaveFun.com ∞ http://x.com/MakeSureYouHave ∞ http://instagram.com/MakeSureYouHaveFun ∞ http://facebook.com/MakeSureYouHaveFun ∞ http://youtube.com/@MakeSureYouHaveFun ∞ http://twitch.tv/@MakeSureYouHaveFun

Gary Brecka is a leading expert in human biology and longevity with over 20 years of experience in biohacking and functional medicine. As the former Chief Human Biologist and co-founder of 10X Health System, he developed innovative wellness protocols that optimize performance and restore balance in the body. Now, through The Ultimate Human brand (you can check out our podcast together here), Gary continues his mission to help people take control of their biology using measurable, science-based methods. Specializing in serum blood and genetic biomarkers, he enhances human performance through personalized nutrition, advanced supplementation, movement protocols, and technologies such as oxygen therapy and red light treatments. Gary works with a hand-picked clinical team of board-certified physicians (M.D.s), Ph.D. researchers, business leaders, functional medicine experts, motivators, and scientists—all united by one mission: to discover and deliver the safest, fastest ways to optimize the mind, body, and spirit through modern science.Full show notes: https://bengreenfieldlife.com/podcast/lngary/ Episode Sponsors: Gameday Men’s Health: Gameday Men's Health offers science-backed, physician-led men's health optimization with personalized protocols for testosterone, peptide therapy, ED treatment, and more—helping you perform at your best whether you're training hard or keeping up with life. Visit gamedaymenshealth.com/bengreenfield for a free testosterone test and consultation at a clinic near you. Timeline Nutrition: Give your cells new life with high-performance products powered by Mitopure, Timeline's powerful ingredient that unlocks a precise dose of the rare Urolithin A molecule and promotes healthy aging. Go to shop.timeline.com/BEN and use code BEN to get 20% off your order. Ketone-IQ: Ketone-IQ delivers science-backed performance fuel that increases power output by 19%, reduces fatigue by 10%, and naturally boosts EPO production for better oxygen delivery—trusted by elite athletes like Jon Jones and Olympic champions. Save 30% on your subscription plus get a free gift with your second shipment at Ketone.com/BENG BEAM Minerals: If you want to up your mineral game, give BEAM Minerals a try. Go to beamminerals.com and use code BEN at checkout for 20% off your order. Quantum Upgrade: Recent research has revealed that the Quantum Upgrade was able to increase ATP production by a jaw-dropping 20–25% in human cells. Unlock a 15-day free trial with the code BEN15 at quantumupgrade.io.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Discover the latest science and proven strategies I've personally tested to finally conquer jet lag so you can adapt faster, boost your energy, and arrive clear-minded and ready to perform.New episodes every Friday!Episode brought to you by: ⁠⁠⁠Alive Waters⁠⁠⁠ (Code: ASHLEY)Episode brought to you by: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ARAZA Beauty⁠⁠⁠⁠Hyperlinked show notes at www.ashleydeeley.com/jetlag1:06: Fluoride is more electronegative than oxygen (this means, do not drink tap water before, during, or after your flight!)1:34: Temperature minimum (brought to you by Andrew Huberman's episode on jetlag)3:00: Theralux (not available on Amazon)3:30: Avoid sugar, alcohol, and carbs three days before a flight and during the flight3:46: Non-negotiables: wearing a hat and blue blockers5:47: Fast on all domestic flights (fast as long you can on international flights)6:14: Echo hydrogen water bottle  6:31: Quinton minerals - Quintessential 3.3 Sachets7:03: Never consume LMNT or Liquid IV8:00: Move every hour on the hour, plus drink 8-10 oz of water every hour on the hour (except when sleeping)8:41: Dr Jack Kruse says "here's how to stay grounded while flying"9:21: My VivaRays blue blockers10:14: Don't wear contact lenses while traveling10:45: Don't use air vent from above (as it's mixed with engine air)11:17:  Matthew Walker says: sleep first when you get on a plane, not last12:03: Change settings on your device to emit an orange or red hue To set your iPhone screen to red, navigate to Settings > Accessibility > Display & Text Size > Color Filters, turn on Color Filters, select Color Tint, then slide Intensity and Hue all the way to the right14:00: ⁠Melatonin from Synchronicity Health⁠14:16: ⁠Melatonin suppository⁠ (called the Sandman from Mitozen)15:50: Calm your nervous system (parasympathetic state) for travel16:09: 4-7-8 breathing by Dr. Andrew Wiel16:46: NuCalm (my FAVORITE jet lag hack)18:21: Apollo Neuro device19:27: KAATSU device20:22: VieLight redlight device Supplements for travel:21:51: Vitamin B622:09: 5-HTP22:21: Glycine22:46: MyVitalC23:43: Organic Astaxanthin24:04: NAD+ and Glutathione  bonus — Geroge Gavin: Founder of Synchronicity Health, episode 9325:58: Vitamin C from Cymbiotika / Vitamin C from BodyBio26:05: NAC26:06: CoQ10 26:09: Fish oil (THE ONLY fish oil I recommend!!!) 26:50: Glucosamine26:59: Methylene blue28:12: Dr. Tom Rogers, episode 71 on methylene blue28:35: CBD suppository (save 20% on first order with this link)   29:12: Dr. Ted Achacoso (his interview with Ben Greenfield - jet lag: start at 53:20 - Rolls Royce for hacking jet lag - uses Human Growth Hormone, thyroid hormone, testosterone at 50mg, digestive enzymes, & EPO)29:19: Portable oxygen concentrator, according to the FAA, here the approved portable oxygen concentrator brands (many require a prescription)These are apparently best brands:Inogen One (prescription required) Sequel Eclipse (prescription required) Airsep Lifestyle (or buy here too / or buy here)31:30: ⁠Progesterone⁠ (to assist females with sleep, males need a MUCH lower does) 31:49: ⁠Estrogen⁠ (for women with achy joints)31:58: ⁠DHEA⁠ 32:32: ⁠TimeShifter app⁠32:56: ⁠DSIP peptide (Delta Sleep Inducing Peptide)33:27: Grounding/Earthing upon arrival34:19: Wear silicone ear plugs and an eye mask34:38: Travel neck pillowComprehensive Supplement Guide:Stimulant:Methylene BlueNAD+MyVitalC (ESS60)Anytime:Quinton mineralsAstaxanthinGlutathioneCoQ10Vitamin CNACFish OilGlucosamineDHEAEstrogen (for women)Sleep Aid:MelatoninCBD suppository5-HTPGlycineVitamin B6Progesterone (for women)Where to find Ashley Deeley:⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Website⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Instagram⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Facebook⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠YouTube⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠hello@ashleydeeley.com

Join Discourse and contribute to the Spotlight, and join the conversation - a small monthly donation gets you membership to our community, and that allows you to drive discussion around these shows, and get even more value and insight from what other listeners are sharing.Show notesIn Spotlight this week, we look back at a packed weekend of sports action and offer insights on the big events. We kick it off with the AFL (1:39), where the Grand Final was played, and where listener Josh sent in an article exploring how the body shape and size of players have evolved over the years. Gareth wonders whether the players adapt to the game, or whether the game adapts to the athleticism of its players, and Ross explains the physiological equivalent of 'form follows function'.Then we move to Rugby (9:56), where England were crowned World Champions at the weekend, crowing an unbeaten World Cup cycle in which they've averaged 50 points a match and not lost a single match. The final wasn't exactly smooth sailing, and Gareth and Ross share some thoughts on what impressed us, and where Canada may have fallen short, with hopes for continued growth in the game.From Rugby to cycling for a brief last look back at the Rwanda World Champs (23:10), but where off-bike news in the form of the UCI back-pedal on handlebar widths and other policy changes are the main focus of conversation.Cycling gives way to golf (38:48), and the Ryder Cup, which looked like a foregone conclusion until it wasn't, and one of the year's great sports spectacles unfolded in New York. We learn how Europe used data analytics and simulations to optimize its foursome and fourball combinations, and wonder when data becomes a hinderance as opposed to a helper in sport?In response to a spate of serious ACL injuries in the NFL and in football (51:58), Gareth wonders whether something is happening, perhaps related to the training and conditioning of athletes, or the turf, to increase ACL injury risk? Ross is less sure, explaining how rare injuries can throw up misleading 'patterns', compounded by media bias.We wrap up with some doping stories (55:52), including the CAS decision in the case of Erriyon Knighton, who was initially cleared of doping when he was able to show contamination of an oxtail meal he consumed. But CAS didn't see it the same way, and he got a four year ban because of their interpretation of the pharmacokinetics and the relative levels of the banned substance in the oxtial compared to in his urine. We also go to Kenya, where an athlete admitted not only to taking EPO, but explaining how he obtained it. Whether it's a truthful account is anyone's guess.And finally (1:03:16), the NFL came to (Dublin) town last weekend, and the juxtaposition of some high profile rugby players and the NFL kicked off a conversation comparing the two sports. We end with a semi lighthearted look at the helmet and pad culture of American Football, and offer thoughts on why rugby's lack of protective equipment doesn't necessarily make it more dangerous.LinksTaller, leaner, faster AFL playersYou can read the Knighton CAS decision hereNo Laying Up Golf Analytics Podcast Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

EPO's Conductor Roger Kalia is here singing along with classic TV themes! This is a first ever music event for the EPO this Saturday at 7! What a blast this promises to be! Click for all the info!See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In this episode we dive into a hotly debated topic: should you eat meat or not? Ben is joined by two powerhouse guests with decades of experience in nutrition and health—Dr. Shawn Baker, best-selling author of The Carnivore Diet and leading carnivore advocate, and Joel Greene, creator of The Immunity Code and champion of dietary diversity. In this spirited debate, Dr. Baker highlights the benefits of a strict carnivore approach—meat, eggs, some dairy, and minimal plant foods—not only for himself but also for patients managing chronic health issues. He explains why animal-based nutrition can be so effective, breaks down the science of ketosis and gut health, and responds to concerns about long-term effects of fiber-free diets. Meanwhile, Joel Greene makes the case for dietary variety, drawing from evolutionary biology, clinical research, and personal experience. He explores the synergies of combining animal and plant foods, the role of fiber in gut and immune health, and the ancestral rhythms of scarcity and feasting. Joel argues that even small amounts of diverse foods can offset downsides of strict elimination diets. Dr. Baker is a physician, athlete, and author known for his straightforward, meat-focused approach to nutrition and his background in strength sports. Joel is the creator of Veep Nutrition, a program targeting gut communities to improve health, used by major employers and featured on the Dr. Phil Show. Author of The Immunity Code, Joel has devoted 50 years to health and anti-aging, pioneering practices like MCTs in the ’80s, keto in the ’90s, and AMPK activation by 2009. At 55, he remains a 100% natural athlete. Full show notes: bengreenfieldlife.com/diversityorcarnivore Episode Sponsors: Unmatched: Outlier by Unmatched is the world's first pre-workout featuring Paraxanthine instead of caffeine, delivering sustained energy and focus without the crash, plus premium ingredients like Cognizin for cognitive enhancement and NO3-T for incredible muscle pumps. Try it at unmatchedsupps.com/bengreenfield with special bulk discounts: 15% off one, 20% off two, or 25% off three. Xtendlife: Future-proof your health with Xtendlife’s Total Balance—100+ bio-active ingredients in a gender-specific formula designed for longevity and complete daily support. Use code BEN15 at www.xtend-life.com/ben for 15% off sitewide, plus free shipping. IM8: Ditch the cabinet full of supplements—IM8 packs 92 powerhouse ingredients into one delicious scoop for all-day energy, gut health, and cellular support. Go to IM8Health.com and use code BEN for an exclusive gift—fuel your body the right way! LMNT: Everyone needs electrolytes, especially those on low-carb diets, who practice intermittent or extended fasting, are physically active, or sweat a lot. Go to DrinkLMNT.com/BenGreenfield to get a free sample pack with your purchase! Ketone-IQ: Ketone-IQ delivers science-backed performance fuel that increases power output by 19%, reduces fatigue by 10%, and naturally boosts EPO production for better oxygen delivery—trusted by elite athletes like Jon Jones and Olympic champions. Save 30% on your subscription plus get a free gift with your second shipment at Ketone.com/BENG.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In this fascinating episode with Will Ahmed, founder of WHOOP (you can click here to get 1 month free on your membership), you’ll get to discover how his company is redefining health tracking through continuous 24/7 physiological monitoring, actionable coaching, and innovations like ECG readings and noninvasive blood pressure insights. Will Ahmed is the Founder and CEO of WHOOP, which has developed next-generation wearable technology for optimizing human performance and health. WHOOP members include professional athletes, Fortune 500 CEOs, fitness enthusiasts, military personnel, frontline workers, and a broad range of people looking to improve their performance. Ahmed is a member of the Board of Fellows of Harvard Medical School, where he provides counsel to the Dean and faculty on topics related to the strength and health of the institution. Ahmed was named to the 2021 Sports Business Journal 40 Under 40 list as well as 2020 Fortune 40 Under 40 Healthcare list and previously named to the Forbes 30 Under 30 and Boston Business Journal’s 40 Under 40. Ahmed founded WHOOP as a student at Harvard College, where he captained the Men’s Varsity Squash Team and graduated with an A.B. in government. WHOOP, the human performance company, offers a wearable health and fitness coach to help people achieve their goals. The WHOOP membership provides best-in-class wearable technology, actionable feedback, and recommendations across recovery, sleep, training, and health. WHOOP serves professional athletes, Fortune 500 CEOs, executives, fitness enthusiasts, military personnel, frontline workers, and anyone looking to improve their performance. Discount Codes: You can click here to get 1 month of WHOOP for free (membership only). Full show notes: bengreenfieldlife.com/WHOOP5 Episode Sponsors: LVLUP Health: I trust and recommend LVLUP Health for your peptide needs as they third-party test every single batch of their peptides to ensure you’re getting exactly what you pay for and the results you’re after! Head over to lvluphealth.com/BGL and use code BEN15 for a special discount on their game-changing range of products. Ketone-IQ: Ketone-IQ delivers science-backed performance fuel that increases power output by 19%, reduces fatigue by 10%, and naturally boosts EPO production for better oxygen delivery—trusted by elite athletes like Jon Jones and Olympic champions. Save 30% on your subscription plus get a free gift with your second shipment at Ketone.com/BENG. Quantum Upgrade: Recent research has revealed that the Quantum Upgrade was able to increase ATP production by a jaw-dropping 20–25% in human cells. Unlock a 15-day free trial with the code BEN15 at quantumupgrade.io. MASA Chips: Introducing the best guilt-free snack on the market: classic, seed oil free tortilla chips with only 3 natural ingredients. Go to masachips.com/greenfield and get 25% off your first order! Timeline Nutrition: Give your cells new life with high-performance products powered by Mitopure, Timeline's powerful ingredient that unlocks a precise dose of the rare Urolithin A molecule and promotes healthy aging. Go to shop.timeline.com/BEN and use code BEN to get 20% off your order.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

What does it take to keep running strong from your teens into your 90s? In this fifth episode of The Aging Athlete series, Krissy Moehl co-hosts as we sit down with Jeff Browning—coach, ultrarunner, and one of the sport's most consistent and ageless performers. Jeff shares how he has adapted his training across decades, balancing intensity with recovery to stay competitive deep into his 50s. He talks about the importance of nutrition, mindset, and smart planning as the body changes, offering practical lessons that apply at any age. His story is proof that aging doesn't mean slowing down—it means evolving. Tune in for insights on how to adjust your training and embrace the long game on the trail. Learn More about Bronco Billy at: giddyupultra.com Instagram YouTube Episode Sponsors: Janji, Use code TRAILRUNNER for 10% off Ketone IQ, Used by Tour de France champions—Ketone-IQ naturally boosts EPO, recovery, and endurance. Get 30% off your first subscription order Tifosi Optics 20% off with code TRN JAMBAR: 20% off with code TRN20 Get our new "1 > 0" technical running hat - THEY'RE on SALE!

Squirrel Hill Vinyl Club, your monthly journey across techno, trance, acid, downtempo and houzy stuff. EPO, founder and member of Mentalità (a Bologna-Italy based electronic crew), is a Selector and DJ who recently moved to Pittsburgh with his bag full of european records and found a second home in the vinyl stores of the Steel City. Only vinyls selecta, hidden gems from the secondhand stores of Berlin, Amsterdam, London, Rome and the finest last releases. ---------- Follow EPO ◊ https://www.instagram.com/epo40135 ◊ https://www.facebook.com/Mentalitaa ◊ https://soundcloud.com/epo40135 ---------- Follow MSYH.FM » http://MSYH.FM » http://x.com/MSYHFM » http://instagram.com/MSYH.FM » http://facebook.com/MSYH.FM » http://patreon.com/MSYHFM ---------- Follow Make Sure You Have Fun™ ∞ http://MakeSureYouHaveFun.com ∞ http://x.com/MakeSureYouHave ∞ http://instagram.com/MakeSureYouHaveFun ∞ http://facebook.com/MakeSureYouHaveFun ∞ http://youtube.com/@MakeSureYouHaveFun ∞ http://twitch.tv/@MakeSureYouHaveFun

Dr. Pedro Barata and Dr. Rana McKay discuss the integration of innovative advances in molecular imaging and therapeutics to personalize treatment for patients with renal cell and urothelial carcinomas. TRANSCRIPT Dr. Pedro Barata: Hello, I'm Dr. Pedro Barata, your guest host of By the Book, a podcast series featuring insightful conversations between authors and editors of the ASCO Educational Book. I'm a medical oncologist at University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center and an associate professor of medicine at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio. I'm also an associate editor of the ASCO Educational Book. Now, we all know the field of genitourinary cancers (GU) is evolving quite rapidly, and we have new innovations in molecular imaging as well as targeted therapeutics. Today's episode will be exploring novel approaches that are transforming the management of renal cell and urothelial carcinomas and also their potential to offer a more personalized treatment to patients. For that, joining for today's discussion is Dr. Rana McKay, a GU medical oncologist and professor at University of California San Diego. Dr. McKay will discuss her recently published article titled, “Emerging Paradigms in Genitourinary Cancers: Integrating Molecular Imaging, Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-Targeted Therapies, and Antibody-Drug Conjugates in Renal Cell and Urothelial Carcinomas.”  Our full disclosures are available in the transcript of this episode.  And with that, Rana McKay, great to have you on the podcast today. Dr. Rana McKay: Oh, thank you so much, Dr. Barata. It's really wonderful to be here with you. So, thanks for hosting. Dr. Pedro Barata: No, thanks for taking the time, and I'm looking forward to this conversation. And by the way, let me start by saying congrats on a great article in the Educational Book. Really super helpful paper. I'm recommending it to a lot of the residents and fellows at my own institution. I would like to first ask you to kind of give our listeners some context of how novel approaches in the molecular imaging as well as targeted therapeutics are actually changing the way we're managing patients with GU, but specifically with renal cell carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma. So, what are the areas you would call out as like being big areas for innovation in this context, and why are they important? Dr. Rana McKay: Very good question. And I think this is really what this article highlights. It highlights where are we going from an imaging diagnostics standpoint? Where are we going from a therapeutic standpoint? And I think if we have to step back, from the standpoint of diagnostics, we've seen PET imaging really transform diagnostics in prostate cancer with the advent of PSMA PET imaging, and now PSMA PET imaging is used as a biomarker for selection for theranostics therapy. And so, we're starting to see that enter into the RCC landscape, enter into the urothelial cancer landscape to a lesser extent. And I think it's going to potentially be transformative as these tools get more refined. I think when we think about therapeutics, what's been transformative most recently in the renal cell carcinoma landscape has been the advent of HIF2α inhibition to improve outcomes for patients. And we have seen the approval of belzutifan most recently that has reshaped the landscape. And now there's other HIF2α inhibitors that are being developed that are going to be further important as they get refined. And lastly, I think when we think about urothelial carcinoma, the greatest transformation to treatment in that context has been the displacement of cisplatin and platinum-based chemotherapy as a frontline standard with the combination of enfortumab vedotin plus pembrolizumab. And we've seen antibody-drug conjugates really reshape treatment and tremendously improve outcomes for patients. So, I think those are the three key areas of interest. Dr. Pedro Barata: So with that, let's focus first on the imaging and then we'll get to the therapeutic area. So, we know there's been a paradigm shift, really, when prostate-specific targets emerged as tracers for PET scanning. And so, we now commonly use prostate-specific membrane antigen, or PSMA-based PET scanning, and really transform how we manage prostate cancer. Now, it appears that we're kind of seeing a similar wave in renal cell carcinoma with the new radiotracer against the target carbonic anhydrase IX. What can you tell us about this? And is this going to be available to us anytime soon? And how do you think that might potentially change the way we're managing patients with RCC today? Dr. Rana McKay: First, I'll step back and say that in the context of PSMA PET imaging, we have actually been able to better understand RCC as well. So, we know that PSMA is expressed in the neovasculature of tumors, and it can actually be used to detect renal cell carcinoma tumors. It has a detection rate of about 84% when used for detection. And so, you know, I don't think it's just restricted to carbonic anhydrase IX, but we will talk about that. So, PSMA expressed in the neovasculature has a detection rate of around 84%, particularly if we're looking at clear cell RCC. CAlX is overexpressed in clear cell RCC, and it's actually used in diagnosing renal cell carcinoma when we think of CAlX IHC for diagnosing clear cell RCC. And now there are CAlX PET tracers. The first foray was with the ZIRCON study that was actually an interestingly designed study because it was designed to detect the likelihood of PET imaging to identify clear cell RCC. So, it was actually used in the early diagnostics setting when somebody presents with a renal mass to discriminate that renal mass from a clear cell versus a non-clear cell, and it was a positive study. But when I think about the potential application for these agents, you know, I think about the entire landscape of renal cell carcinoma. This is a disease that we do treat with metastasis-directed therapy. We have certainly seen patients who've undergone metastasectomy have long, durable remissions from such an approach. And I think if we can detect very early onset oligometastatic disease where a metastasis-directed therapy or SABR could be introduced - obviously tested in a trial to demonstrate its efficacy - I think it could potentially be transformative. Dr. Pedro Barata: Wonderful. It's a great summary, and I should highlight you are involved in some of those ongoing studies testing the performance of this specific PET scanning for RCC against conventional imaging, right? And to remind the listeners, thus far, for the most part, we don't really do FDG-PET for RCC. There are some specific cases we do, but in general, they're not a standard scanning. But maybe that will change in the future. Maybe RCC will have their own PSMA-PET. And to your point, there's also emerging data about the role of PSMA-PET scanning in RCC as well, as you very elegantly summarized. Wonderful. So, let me shift gears a little bit because you did, in your introduction, you did highlight a novel MOA that we have in renal cell carcinoma, approved for use, initially for VHL disease, and after that for sporadic clear cell renal cell carcinoma. We're talking about hypoxia-inducible factor 2-alpha inhibitors, or HIF2α inhibitors, such as belzutifan. But there's also others coming up. So, as a way to kind of summarize that, what can you tell us about this breakthrough in terms of therapeutic class, this MOA that got to our toolbox of options for patients with advanced RCC? Tell us a little bit what is being utilized currently in the management of advanced RCC. And where do you see the future going, as far as, is it moving early on? Is it getting monotherapy versus combinations? Maybe other therapies? What are your thoughts about that? What can you tell us about it? Dr. Rana McKay: Belzutifan is a first-in-class HIF2α inhibitor that really established clinical validation for HIF2α as a therapeutic target. When we think about the activity of this agent, the pivotal LITESPARK-005 trial really led to the approval of belzutifan in patients who were really heavily pretreated. It was patients who had received prior IO therapy, patients who had received prior VEGF-targeted therapy. And in the context of this study, we saw a median PFS of 5.6 months, and there did seem to be a tail on the curve when you looked at the 12-month PFS rate with belzutifan. It was 33.7% compared to 17.6% with everolimus. And then when we look at the response rate, it was higher with belzutifan on the order of 22-23%, and very low with everolimus, as we've previously seen. I think one of the Achilles heels of this regimen is the primary PD rate, which was 34% when used in later line. There are multiple studies that are testing belzutifan in combination across the treatment landscape. So, we have LITESPARK-011, which is looking at the combination of belzutifan plus lenvatinib in the second-line setting. We've got the MK-012 [LITESPARK-012] study, which is looking at belzutifan in various combinations in the frontline setting. So there is a combination with IO plus belzutifan. And so this is also being looked at in that context. And then we also have the LITESPARK-022 study, which is looking at pembrolizumab with belzutifan in the adjuvant setting. So there's a series of studies that will be exploring belzutifan really across the treatment landscape. Many of these studies in combination. Additionally, there are other HIF2α inhibitors that are being developed. We have casdatifan, which is another very potent HIF2α inhibitor. You know, I think pharmacologically, these are different agents. There's a different half-life, different dosing. What is going to be the recommended phase 3 dose for both agents, the EPO suppression levels, the degree of EPO suppression, and sustainability of EPO suppression is very different. So, I think we've seen data from casdatifan from the ARC-20 trial from monotherapy with a respectable response rate, over 30%, primary PD rate hovering just around 10%.  And then we've also seen data of the combination of casdatifan with cabozantinib as well that were recently presented this year. And that agent is also being tested across the spectrum of RCC. It's being looked at in combination with cabozantinib in the PEAK-1 study, and actually just at the KCRS (Kidney Cancer Research Summit), we saw the unveiling of the eVOLVE-RCC trial, which is going to be looking at a volrustomig, which is a PD-1/CTLA-4 inhibitor plus casdatifan compared to nivo-ipi in the frontline setting.  So, we're going to see some competition in this space of the HIF2α inhibitors. I think when we think of mechanism of action in that these are very potent, not a lot of off-target activity, and they target a driver mutation in the disease. And that driver mutation happens very early in the pathogenesis. These are going to be positioned much earlier in the treatment landscape. Dr. Pedro Barata: All these studies, as you're saying, look really promising. And when we talk about them, you mentioned a lot of combinations. And to me, when I think of these agents, it makes a lot of sense to combine because there's not a lot of overlapping toxicities, if you will. But perhaps for some of our listeners, who have not used HIF2α inhibitors in practice yet, and they might be thinking about that, what can you tell us about the safety profile? How do you present it to your patients, and how do you handle things like hypoxia or anemia? How do you walk through the safety profile and tolerability profile of those agents like belzutifan? Dr. Rana McKay: I think these drugs are very different than your traditional TKIs, and they don't cause the classic symptoms that are associated with traditional TKIs that many of us are very familiar with like the rash, hand-foot syndrome, hypertension, diarrhea. And honestly, these are very nuanced symptoms that patients really struggle with the chronicity of being on a chronic daily TKI. The three key side effects that I warn patients about with HIF2α inhibitors are: (1) fatigue; (2) anemia; and (3) hypoxia and dysregulation in the ability to sense oxygen levels. And so, many of these side effects - actually, all of them - are very dose-dependent. They can be very well-managed. So, we can start off with the anemia. I think it's critically important before you even start somebody on belzutifan that you are optimizing their hemoglobin and bone marrow function. Make sure they don't have an underlying iron deficiency anemia. Make sure they don't have B12 or folate deficiency. Check for these parameters. Many patients who have kidney cancer may have some hematuria, other things where there could be some low-level blood loss. So, make sure that those are resolved or you're at least addressing them and supplementing people appropriately. I monitor anemia very closely every 3 to 4 weeks, at least, when people start on these medications. And I do initiate EPO, erythropoietin, should the anemia start to worsen. And I typically use a threshold of around 10g/dL  for implementing utilization of an EPO agent, and that's been done very safely in the context of the early studies and phase 3 studies as well. Now, with regards to the hypoxia, I think it's also important to make sure that you're selecting the appropriate individual for this treatment. People who have underlying COPD, or even those individuals who have just a very high burden of disease in their lung, lymphangitic spread, pleural effusions, maybe they're already on oxygen - that's not an ideal candidate for belzutifan. Something that very easily can be done in the clinic before you think about initiating somebody on this treatment, and has certainly been integrated into some of the trials, is just a 6-minute walk test. You know, have the patient walk around the clinic with one of the MAs, one of the nurses, put the O2 sat on [measuring oxygen saturation], make sure they're doing okay. But these side effects, like I said, are very dose-dependent. Typically, if a patient requires, if the symptoms are severe, the therapy can be discontinued and dose reduced. The standing dose is 120 mg daily, and there's two dose reductions to 80 mg and 40 mg should somebody warrant that dose modification. Dr. Pedro Barata: This is relatively new, right? Like, it was not that we're used to checking oxygen levels, right? In general, we're treating these patients, so I certainly think there's a learning curve there, and some of the points that you highlight are truly critical. And I do share many of those as well in our practice. Since I have you, I want to make sure we touch base on antibody-drug conjugates as well. It's also been a hot area, a lot of developments there. When I think of urothelial carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma, I see it a little bit different. I think perhaps in urothelial carcinoma, antibody-drug conjugates, or ADCs, are somewhat established already. You already mentioned enfortumab vedotin. I might ask you to expand a little bit on that. And then in renal cell carcinoma, we have some ADCs as well that you include in your chapter, and that I would like you to tell us what's coming from that perspective. So, tell us a little bit about how do you see ADCs in general for GU tumors, particularly UC and RCC? Tell us a little bit about the complexity or perhaps the challenges you still see. At the same time, tell us about the successes. Dr. Rana McKay: Stepping back, let's just talk about like the principles and design of ADCs. So, most ADCs have three components. There's a monoclonal antibody that typically targets a cell surface antigen, which is conjugated by a linker, which is the second component, to a payload drug. And typically, that payload drug has been chemotherapy, whether it be topoisomerase or whether it be MMAE or other chemotherapeutic. We can start in the RCC space. There's been multiple antibody-drug conjugates that have been tested. There's antibody-drug conjugates to CD70, which is expressed on clear cell RCC. There's been antibody-drug conjugates to ENPP3, which is also expressed on RCC. There's antibody-drug conjugates to CDH6. And they have different payloads, like I said, whether it be topoisomerase I or other microtubule inhibitors. Now, when we think about kidney cancer, we don't treat this disease with chemotherapy. This disease is treated with immunotherapy. It is treated with treatments that target the VEGF pathway and historically has not been sensitive to chemo. So, I think even though the targets have been very exciting, we've seen very underwhelming data regarding activity, and in some context, seen increased toxicity with the ADCs. So, I think we need to tread lightly in the context of the integration and the testing of ADCs in RCC. We just came back from the KCRS meeting, and there was some very intriguing data about a c-Kit ADC that's being developed for chromophobe RCC, which is, you know, a huge unmet need, these variant tumors that really lack appropriate therapeutics. But I just caution us to tread lightly around how can we optimize the payload to make sure that the tumor that we're treating is actually sensitive to the agent that's targeting the cell kill. So, that's a little bit on the ADCs in RCC. I still think we have a long way to go and still in early testing. Now, ADCs for UC are now the standard of care. I think the prototypical agent, enfortumab vedotin, is a nectin-4-directed ADC that's conjugated to an MMAE payload and was the first ADC approved for advanced urothelial, received accelerated approval following the EV-201 trial, which was basically a multicenter, single-arm study that was investigating EV in cisplatin-ineligible patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma, and then ultimately confirmed in the EV-301 study as well. And so, that study ended up demonstrating the support superiority of EV from an overall survival standpoint, even PFS standpoint. Building on that backbone is the EV-302 study, which tested EV in combination with pembrolizumab versus platinum-based chemotherapy in the frontline setting. And that was a pivotal, landmark study that, like I said, has displaced platinum therapy as a frontline treatment for people with advanced urothelial carcinoma. And when we think about that study and the median overall survival and just how far we've come in urothelial cancer, the median OS with EV-pembro from that trial was 31 and a half months. I mean, that's just incredible. The control arm survival was 16 and a half months. The hazard ratio for OS, 0.47. I mean this is why when this data was presented, it was literally a standing ovation that lasted for several minutes because we just haven't seen data that have looked that good. And there are other antibody-drug conjugates that are being tested. We've all been involved in the saga with sacituzumab govitecan, which is a trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (Trop-2) targeted ADC with a topoisomerase I payload. It was the second ADC to receive approval, but then that approval was subsequently withdrawn when the confirmatory phase 3 was negative, the TROPiCS-04 trial. So, approval was granted based off of the TROPHY-U-01, single-arm, phase 2 study, demonstrating a response rate of around 28% and a PFS of, you know, about 5 and a half months. But then failure to show any benefit from an OS standpoint. And I think there's a lot of controversy in the field around whether this agent still has a role in advanced urothelial carcinoma. And I think particularly for individuals who do not have molecular targets, like they're not HER2-amplified or have HER2-positivity or FGFR or other things like that. Dr. Pedro Barata: Fantastic summary, Rana. You were talking about the EV, and it came to mind that it might not be over, right, for the number of ADCs we use in clinical practice in the near future. I mean, we've seen very promising data for ADC against the HER2, right, and over-expression. It also can create some challenges, right, in the clinics because we're asking to test for HER2 expression. It's almost like, it's not exactly the same to do it in breast cancer, but it looks one more time that we're a little bit behind the breast cancer field in a lot of angles. And also has vedotin as a payload. Of course, I'm referring to disitamab vedotin, and there's very elegant data described by you in your review chapter as well. And it's going to be very interesting to see how we sequence the different ADCs, to your point as well. So, before we wrap it up, I just want to give you the opportunity to tell us if there's any area that we have not touched, any take-home points you'd like to bring up for our listeners before we call it a day. Dr. Rana McKay: Thank you so much. I have to say, you know, I was so excited at ASCO this year looking at the GU program. It was fantastic to see the progress being made, novel therapeutics that really there's a tremendous excitement about, not just in RCC and in UC, but also in prostate cancer, thinking about the integration of therapies, not just for people with refractory disease that, even though our goal is to improve survival, our likelihood of cure is low, but also thinking about how do we integrate these therapies early in the treatment landscape to enhance cure rates for patients, which is just really spectacular. We're seeing many of these agents move into the perioperative setting or in combination with radiation for localized disease. And then the special symposium on biomarkers, I mean, we've really come a long, long way. And I think that we're going to continue to evolve over the next several years. I'm super excited about where the field is going in the treatment of genitourinary malignancies. Dr. Pedro Barata: Oh, absolutely true. And I would say within the Annual Meeting, we have outstanding Educational Sessions. And just a reminder to the listeners that actually that's where the different teams or topics for the Educational Book chapters come from, from actually the educational sessions from ASCO. And your fantastic chapter is an example of that, right, focusing on advanced GU tumors. So, thank you so much, Rana, for taking the time, sharing your insights with us today on the podcast. It was a fantastic conversation as always. Dr. Rana McKay: My pleasure. Thanks so much for having me, Dr. Barata. Dr. Pedro Barata: Of course.  And thank you to our listeners for your time today. You will find the link to the article discussed today in the transcript of this episode. I also encourage you to check out the 2025 ASCO Educational Book. You'll find an incredible wealth of information there. It's free, available online, and you'll find, hopefully, super, super important information on the key science and issues that are shaping modern oncology, as we've heard from Dr. McKay and many other outstanding authors. So, thank you, everyone, and I hope to see you soon. Disclaimer: The purpose of this podcast is to educate and to inform. This is not a substitute for professional medical care and is not intended for use in the diagnosis or treatment of individual conditions. Guests on this podcast express their own opinions, experience, and conclusions. Guest statements on the podcast do not express the opinions of ASCO. The mention of any product, service, organization, activity, or therapy should not be construed as an ASCO endorsement. Follow today's speakers:        Dr. Pedro Barata @PBarataMD Dr. Rana McKay @DrRanaMcKay Follow ASCO on social media:        @ASCO on X (formerly Twitter)        ASCO on Bluesky       ASCO on Facebook        ASCO on LinkedIn        Disclosures:     Dr. Pedro Barata: Stock and Other Ownership Interests: Luminate Medical Honoraria: UroToday Consulting or Advisory Role: Bayer, BMS, Pfizer, EMD Serono, Eisai, Caris Life Sciences, AstraZeneca, Exelixis, AVEO, Merck, Ipson, Astellas Medivation, Novartis, Dendreon Speakers' Bureau: AstraZeneca, Merck, Caris Life Sciences, Bayer, Pfizer/Astellas Research Funding (Inst.): Exelixis, Blue Earth, AVEO, Pfizer, Merck  Dr. Rana McKay: Consulting or Advisory Role: Janssen, Novartis, Tempus, Pfizer, Astellas Medivation, Dendreon, Bayer, Sanofi, Vividion, Calithera, Caris Life Sciences, Sorrento Therapeutics, AVEO, Seattle Genetics, Telix, Eli Lilly, Blue Earth Diagnostics, Ambrx, Sumitomo Pharma Oncology, Esiai, NeoMorph, Arcus Biosciences, Daiichi Sankyo, Exelixis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck, Astrazeneca, Myovant Research Funding (Inst.): Bayer, Tempus, AstraZeneca, Exelixis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Oncternal Therapeutics, Artera    

In this episode with repeat guest Jordan Rubin, you’ll uncover a holistic plan for building strength, health, and longevity from one of the world’s most recognized natural health experts. Jordan shares how his family tradition of reciting Psalm 91 and insights from his new book, The Biblio Diet, reveal timeless biblical wisdom for vibrant living. He also highlights his groundbreaking research on “healing leaves” from fruit trees—their potential to fight cancer, balance blood sugar, reduce inflammation, and support longevity—and how to turn them into a daily healing tea. Jordan Rubin is the founder of Garden of Life, Beyond Organic, and Ancient Nutrition, and the New York Times bestselling author of The Maker’s Diet and over 30 other titles, including The Biblio Diet. An eco-entrepreneur and global lecturer, he has shared his message of natural health worldwide, formulated nearly 1,000 bestselling supplements and functional foods, and operates Regenerative Organic Certified farms in Missouri and Tennessee. Full show notes: https://bengreenfieldlife.com/biblio Episode Sponsors: MASA Chips: Introducing the best guilt-free snack on the market: classic, seed oil free tortilla chips with only 3 natural ingredients. Go to masachips.com/greenfield and get 25% off your first order! Quantum Upgrade: Recent research has revealed that the Quantum Upgrade was able to increase ATP production by a jaw-dropping 20–25% in human cells. Unlock a 15-day free trial with the code BEN15 at quantumupgrade.io. Ketone-IQ: Ketone-IQ delivers science-backed performance fuel that increases power output by 19%, reduces fatigue by 10%, and naturally boosts EPO production for better oxygen delivery—trusted by elite athletes like Jon Jones and Olympic champions. Save 30% on your subscription plus get a free gift with your second shipment at Ketone.com/BENG. Fatty15: Fatty15 is on a mission to optimize your C15:0 levels and help you live healthier, longer. You can get an additional 15% off their 90-day subscription Starter Kit by going to fatty15.com/BEN and using code BEN at checkout. LVLUP Health: I trust and recommend LVLUP Health for your peptide needs as they third-party test every single batch of their peptides to ensure you’re getting exactly what you pay for and the results you’re after! Head over to lvluphealth.com/BGL and use code BEN15 for a special discount on their game-changing range of products. ZBiotics Pre-Alcohol Probiotic: The world's first genetically engineered probiotic that helps break down the toxic byproduct of alcohol, Zbiotics Pre-Alcohol allows you to enjoy your night out and feel great the next day. Order with the confidence of a 100% money-back guarantee and 15% off your first order at zbiotics.com/BEN15.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In this episode, we sit down with Ben Rosario, Head Coach and Executive Director of Hoka Northern Arizona Elite Team, aka Hoka NAZ Elite, to uncover how professional runners train—and how everyday runners can apply the same strategies. Ben shares why success isn't only about big workouts, but also about the fundamentals: getting enough sleep, fueling properly, and building strength without needing a fancy gym. He emphasizes the importance of stretching and mobility, as well as truly respecting easy days to allow the body to recover and adapt. Listeners will also learn how pros approach pacing and why managing effort can make the difference between struggle and breakthrough. No matter your age, background, or ability level, these simple yet powerful habits can help you run stronger, faster, and further. This episode shows that elite training principles aren't reserved for pros—they're tools that anyone can use to reach their goals. Learn more in the book he co-authored with Matt Fitzgerald, In their new book, Run Like a Pro (Even If You're Slow): Elite Tools and Tips for Runners at Every Level,  they help us understand that we can reach our potential if we include some of these training techniques and strategies. Janji, Use code TRAILRUNNER for 10% off Ketone IQ, Used by Tour de France champions—Ketone-IQ naturally boosts EPO, recovery, and endurance. Get 30% off your first subscription order Tifosi Optics 20% off with code TRN JAMBAR: 20% off with code TRN20 Get our new "1 > 0" technical running hat- THEY'RE on SALE!

Today on the Free Outside Podcast, I'm joined by world record-holding ultra legend and Wisconsin's third-best export (according to me), Zach Bitter. We dive into everything from the logistics of setting a 100-mile world record to the absurdity of explaining our jobs to boomers ("I'm an influencer" = conversation over). Zach explains the appeal of fixed-time races, what he'd do differently in his record run (spoiler: shoes, fuel, and maybe a time machine), and whether doping is as prevalent in ultrarunning as EPO-fueled Reddit threads make it seem.We also go deep on the evolution of the sport—tech, talent development, brand dynamics, super shoes, sock science, and what the heck the future might look like if Nike and cooling towels keep having a baby. Zach even dishes on why he stepped away from a long-term brand partnership and how he's finding freedom—and a better shoe rotation—on his own.Find Zach online: https://zachbitter.com/https://www.instagram.com/zachbitterhttps://zachbitter.com/hpoChapters00:00 Introduction to Zach Bitter and His Achievements03:04 The Importance of Fixed Time Races05:57 Zach's World Record Experience08:51 The Evolution of Ultra Running Technology12:08 The Challenges of Record Keeping in Ultra Running15:00 Doping in Ultra Running: A Complex Issue18:07 The Future of Ultra Running and Accessibility21:03 The Role of Coaching and Development in Running23:55 Cultural Shifts in Ultra Running27:05 Conclusion and Final Thoughts38:16 The Future of Talent Development in Ultra Running41:39 Brand Building and Athlete Sponsorship Dynamics44:45 The Evolution of Trail Running Sponsorships47:58 Nike's Strategic Interest in Trail Running51:16 The Role of Athlete Managers in Brand Partnerships55:47 Exploring Authenticity in Product Reviews01:01:11 Innovations in Running Technology and Future TrendsSubscribe to Substack: http://freeoutside.substack.comSupport this content on patreon: HTTP://patreon.com/freeoutsideBuy my book "Free Outside" on Amazon: https://amzn.to/39LpoSFEmail me to buy a signed copy of my book, "Free Outside" at jeff@freeoutside.comWatch the movie about setting the record on the Colorado Trail: https://tubitv.com/movies/100019916/free-outsideWebsite: www.Freeoutside.comInstagram: thefreeoutsidefacebook: www.facebook.com/freeoutside

What if one simple idea could transform the way athletes fuel their bodies? In this episode, we explore the birth of the very first sports nutrition bar back in the 1980s—a product that forever changed performance and recovery. Can you guess what it is? You'll hear the story behind its creation from one of its creators, Jennifer Maxwell, from the spark of inspiration to the trial-and-error experiments that nearly derailed it. Along the way, the creators faced unexpected setbacks that tested their resolve, but ultimately paved the way for a groundbreaking innovation. More than just a snack, this bar reshaped the entire sports nutrition industry and sparked a wave of creativity that continues today. Join us for a story of grit, vision, and the power of an idea that fueled athletes worldwide. Jennifer continues to share the reason why she is back in the business with a yummy and healthy NEW product, JamBar! Episode Sponsors: Janji, Use code TRAILRUNNER for 10% off Ketone IQ, Used by Tour de France champions—Ketone-IQ naturally boosts EPO, recovery, and endurance. Get 30% off your first subscription order Tifosi Optics 20% off with code TRN Visit Electrokare before September 5th to get your spot Oikos Triple Zero Get our new "1 > 0" technical running hat

I’m always on the lookout for a good book on sleep, and I recently read one of the better titles I’ve found in the past few years: How to Sleep Like a Caveman: Ancient Wisdom for a Better Night's Rest—Based on the Evolutionary Science of Sleep from Saber-Toothed Tigers to Modern Insomnia. Written by today’s podcast guest, Dr. Merijn van de Laar, one of the world’s leading sleep scientists, it is a bit like Sapiens meets Why We Sleep in an evolutionary romp through the science of sleep—and how you can get better rest. If you’re curious about the science of sleep, what our evolutionary past can teach you, and actionable ways to wake up truly rested, this episode is for you. Full show notes: https://bengreenfieldlife.com/cavemansleep Episode Sponsors: CAROL Bike: The science is clear—CAROL Bike is your ticket to a healthier, more vibrant life. And for a limited time, you can get $100 off yours with the code BEN. Don't wait any longer, join over 25,000 riders and visit carolbike.com/ben today. Gameday Men’s Health: Gameday Men's Health offers science-backed, physician-led men's health optimization with personalized protocols for testosterone, peptide therapy, ED treatment, and more—helping you perform at your best whether you're training hard or keeping up with life. Visit gamedaymenshealth.com/bengreenfield for a free testosterone test and consultation at a clinic near you. Just Thrive: For a limited time, you can save 20% off a 90-day bottle of Just Thrive Probiotic and Just Calm at justthrivehealth.com/ben with promo code BEN. That’s like getting a month for FREE—take control today with Just Thrive! Calroy: Head on over to calroy.com/ben and save over $50 when you purchase the Vascanox (a breakthrough product providing nitric oxide support for up to 24 hours with a single dose) and Arterosil (a premier supplement to support the endothelial glycocalyx—the fragile inner lining of the entire vascular system) bundle at calroy.com/ben. Plus, you'll receive a free canister of 2-in-1 Nitric Oxide Test Strips with a 3-pack bundle purchase. Ketone-IQ: Ketone-IQ delivers science-backed performance fuel that increases power output by 19%, reduces fatigue by 10%, and naturally boosts EPO production for better oxygen delivery—trusted by elite athletes like Jon Jones and Olympic champions. Save 30% on your subscription plus get a free gift with your second shipment at Ketone.com/BENG.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Frits is partner bij Per4mance, acht keer uitgeroepen tot ‘Beste Opleider van Nederland', en mede-auteur van de bestsellers De Cultuurladder en Ik ben er helemaal klaar mee. In september verzorgt hij een Deep Dive op Amsterdam Business Forum. Maar hier deelt hij alvast zijn messcherpe inzichten over energie als motor van resultaat, effectief leiderschap en teams die écht met elkaar scoren.Wat je hoort in deze aflevering✅ De zes niveaus van leiderschap (en waar het bij de meeste misgaat)✅ Het verschil tussen aardige en effectieve leiders✅ Vier herkenbare teamtypes: van “bal op het dak” tot “EPO-team”Luisteren dus, als je...… merkt dat je team vastloopt, energie mist of niet alles uit zichzelf haalt… zelf leidinggeeft (of ooit hebt gedacht: moet ik dit nou allemaal alleen oplossen?)… op zoek bent naar een praktische, eerlijke en soms confronterende kijk op leiderschap en teamdynamiek

Squirrel Hill Vinyl Club, your monthly journey across techno, trance, acid, downtempo and houzy stuff. EPO, founder and member of Mentalità (a Bologna-Italy based electronic crew), is a Selector and DJ who recently moved to Pittsburgh with his bag full of european records and found a second home in the vinyl stores of the Steel City. Only vinyls selecta, hidden gems from the secondhand stores of Berlin, Amsterdam, London, Rome and the finest last releases. ---------- Follow EPO ◊ https://www.instagram.com/epo40135 ◊ https://www.facebook.com/Mentalitaa ◊ https://soundcloud.com/epo40135 ---------- Follow MSYH.FM » http://MSYH.FM » http://x.com/MSYHFM » http://instagram.com/MSYH.FM » http://facebook.com/MSYH.FM » http://patreon.com/MSYHFM ---------- Follow Make Sure You Have Fun™ ∞ http://MakeSureYouHaveFun.com ∞ http://x.com/MakeSureYouHave ∞ http://instagram.com/MakeSureYouHaveFun ∞ http://facebook.com/MakeSureYouHaveFun ∞ http://youtube.com/@MakeSureYouHaveFun ∞ http://twitch.tv/@MakeSureYouHaveFun

In this episode of Trail Runner Nation, we reflect on the evolution of trail running and the Trail Runner Nation podcast over the past 14 years. We reflect on some clips from our very first episode, Podcast Numero Uno, published in November of 2011.  We discuss the changes in trail running gear, the importance of community and knowledge sharing, and the technological advancements that have shaped the TRN podcasting journey. The conversation highlights the significance of creating a gathering place for runners and the role of the podcast in fostering a sense of belonging within the trail running community. Episode Sponsors: Janji, Use code TRAILRUNNER for 10% off Ketone IQ, Used by Tour de France champions—Ketone-IQ naturally boosts EPO, recovery, and endurance. Get 30% off your first subscription order Tifosi Optics 20% off with code TRN Liquid IV, get 20% off your first order with code TRAILRUNNER Oikos Triple Zero Get our new "1 > 0" technical running hat

In this episode of the Oncology Brothers podcast, Drs. Rahul and Rohit Gosain dived deep into the world of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), focusing specifically on polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET). They are joined by Dr. Andrew Kuykendall, a hematologist from Moffitt Cancer Center, who shared his expertise on the latest treatment paradigms and risk stratification strategies for these conditions. Key topics discussed included: • The importance of ruling out secondary causes of erythrocytosis in PV patients. • The role of JAK2 mutation testing and EPO levels in diagnosis of PV. • Treatment options for PV, including phlebotomy, hydroxyurea, and interferon, as well as the emerging role of ruxolitinib. • Risk stratification in ET and the significance of driver mutations like JAK2, CALR, and MPL. • The management of acquired von Willebrand disease in patients with high platelet counts. • Insights from Dr. Kuykendall's recent ASCO plenary presentation on the VERIFY Study and the potential of resveratide in PV treatment. Join us for an informative discussion that highlights the evolving landscape of MPN management and the importance of individualized treatment plans.  Follow us on social media: •⁠  ⁠X/Twitter: https://twitter.com/oncbrothers •⁠  ⁠Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/oncbrothers •⁠  Website: https://oncbrothers.com/ Don't forget to check out our other hematology episodes for more insights into challenging cases and treatment algorithms!  

Geoff, Gavin and Andrew talk about Imhotep, vaseline, dry rub, circumcision, hairline, animal hair, Turkey assumptions, EPO tent, Lance Armstrong, 100% ankles, intestines, ebikes, dogged out, off the dog?, The Edge, Bart the Bear, Bronson Pinchot, Hitman Map, the radio, santa claus demons, Greg the Bunny, bear disease, slug lifespan, bats, organized animals, mosquitos, slug redemption, Changing Lanes, and picture posting. Support us directly at https://www.patreon.com/TheRegulationPod Stay up to date, get exclusive supplemental content, and connect with other Regulation Listeners. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

⁠⁠Enio Augusto⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ e ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Marcos Buosi⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ trazem as notícias do mundo da corrida com os comentários, informações, opiniões e análises mais pertinentes, peculiares e inesperadas no Redação PFC. Escute, informe-se e divirta-se.⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠SEJA MEMBRO DO CANAL!!!⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

Want a 2nd podcast every week? Want the bonus audio at the end of the podcast? Want the podcast when it's first released? Join our club http://www.letsrun.com/subscribe World record holder in the marathon Kenya's Ruth Chepngetich was popped for a masking agent. Does LetsRun.com deserve an apology from Kenyan parliament? The London Diamond League saw a huge upset with Phanuel Koech taking down Josh Kerr while Emmanuel Wanyonyi triumphed over Marco Arop and a resurgent Donavan Brazier. What does Brazier's 1:43.08 run mean? Niels Laros pulled off your traditional :) 800/5000 double at Euro U23s. Could he be the favorite for Worlds at 1500? Deal of the Day: 1. Nike Pegasus 41 $85 2. Vaporfly 3 Save $83 3. More Savings at Dick's Want a 2nd podcast every week? Join the LetsRun.com Supporters Club today for exclusive content, a bonus weekly podcast, shoe savings, and more. Cancel anytime .https://www.letsrun.com/subscribe Show notes: 00:00 Doping Allegations in Kenya 01:35 Deal of day 02:16 Start 02:56 Ruth Chepngetich's Doping Suspension *Rojo's Chat GPT tweet Forum thread: So we know Ruth is dirty... but was it EPO or something stronger? WADA worried about athletes using haemoglobin taken from: Marine Worm, Arenicola marina (M101) Fancy Bears 'Likely Doping' list 15:34 2 year suspension 23:55 Proposals for Anti-Doping Measures – What about the agents? 32:46 What about her World Record? 40:12 Intern Tate Segment: How dirty is the sport? 44:35 Why not Americans? 50:21 The Coldplay kiss cam 53:16 London Diamond League Parting Thoughts 55:00 Donovan Brazier's Performance – Encouraging? 01:07:56 Niel Laros Hype Train Increases after Euro 23s 800 & 5000 Double 01:11:24 Faster at 800 than Nuguse, Hocker, Kerr, Ingebrigtsen 01:12:57 Hobbes Kessler Comparison 01:17:48 Who is the favorite for Worlds in the 1500? 01:23:14 Who is favorite in men's 200? 01:25:25 Men's 10,000m? 01:27:44 Women's 100 01:30:11 Women's 800 01:34:18 Joe Vigil RIP 01:37:17 Post of the Week 01:38:29 Dreams Become Reality Performance of Week 01:39:47 Supporters Club audio https://www.letsrun.com/subscribe Contact us: Email podcast@letsrun.com or call/text 1-844-LETSRUN podcast voicemail/text line. Want a 2nd podcast every week? Join the LetsRun.com Supporters Club today for exclusive content, a bonus weekly podcast, shoe savings, and more. Cancel anytime .https://www.letsrun.com/subscribe Check out the LetsRun.com store. https://shop.letsrun.com/ We've got the softest running shirts in the business. Thanks for listening. Please rate us on your podcast app and spread the word to friend. Find out more at http://podcast.letsrun.com Send us your feedback online: https://pinecast.com/feedback/letsrun/7ec98fb5-74ca-48dc-8929-5d6baaf2caa2

Quantum computing stands at the precipice of transforming our world—and the legal frameworks protecting this revolutionary technology are racing to keep pace. Dive deep into the realm where quantum physics meets intellectual property as we explore how these powerful machines are already solving problems classical computers can barely touch. From accelerating drug discovery and designing next-generation batteries to optimizing traffic systems and revolutionizing artificial intelligence, quantum computing isn't just theoretical anymore. It's real, it's practical, and it's raising profound questions about who can own these breakthroughs.We unpack the landmark Ex Parte Gao case, where the US Patent Trial and Appeal Board recognized a quantum algorithm as patentable technology rather than dismissing it as an abstract mathematical concept. This decision signals a pivotal shift in how patent offices might evaluate quantum innovations, creating a pathway for protecting quantum algorithms when they're tied to hardware implementation and technical outcomes.Through a global tour of quantum IP approaches, we reveal how different countries are positioning themselves in the quantum race. China leads in quantum communication patents, Europe welcomes technically-implemented quantum inventions, while nations from Brazil to Kenya are building capacity to support future quantum ecosystems. For inventors and entrepreneurs, we share practical strategies for securing protection. Frame your quantum innovation as a technical solution, tie algorithms to hardware steps, and demonstrate concrete improvements over classical methods.Beyond patents, we explore emerging collaborative models, such as cross-licensing agreements and potential quantum patent pools, that could accelerate innovation while reducing legal friction. Universities, startups, and global tech leaders are all navigating this rapidly evolving landscape, making strategic decisions about what to protect, what to share, and how to build sustained competitive advantage.Join us as we decode the invisible laws shaping the quantum revolution, one qubit at a time. The future of computing and perhaps our world, depends on getting this intersection of breakthrough science and intellectual property right.Send us a text

What if the key to becoming a stronger, more resilient runner isn't about pushing harder, but moving smarter? In this episode, we're joined by Samuel Stow, ultramarathoner and movement coach behind Pop Running. With a background in aerospace engineering, Sam blends biomechanics, breathwork, and mindfulness to help runners reconnect with their core, activate their glutes, and move with intention. We explore how awareness, not intensity, leads to pain-free and efficient movement, both on and off the trail. Sam shares practical tips for posture, breathing, and body alignment that can transform your running experience.  Find out more about Pop Running and the book, Engineering Flow State Follow Samuel on Instagram  Episode Sponsors: Janji, Use code TRAILRUNNER for 10% off Ketone IQ, Used by Tour de France champions—Ketone-IQ naturally boosts EPO, recovery, and endurance. Get 30% off your first subscription order Tifosi Optics 20% off with code TRN Shokz, Use code TRN10 for 10% off Oikos Triple Zero Get our new "1 > 0" technical running hat

Squirrel Hill Vinyl Club, your monthly journey across techno, trance, acid, downtempo and houzy stuff. EPO, founder and member of Mentalità (a Bologna-Italy based electronic crew), is a Selector and DJ who recently moved to Pittsburgh with his bag full of european records and found a second home in the vinyl stores of the Steel City. Only vinyls selecta, hidden gems from the secondhand stores of Berlin, Amsterdam, London, Rome and the finest last releases. ---------- Follow EPO ◊ https://www.instagram.com/epo40135 ◊ https://www.facebook.com/Mentalitaa ◊ https://soundcloud.com/epo40135 ---------- Follow MSYH.FM » http://MSYH.FM » http://x.com/MSYHFM » http://instagram.com/MSYH.FM » http://facebook.com/MSYH.FM » http://patreon.com/MSYHFM ---------- Follow Make Sure You Have Fun™ ∞ http://MakeSureYouHaveFun.com ∞ http://x.com/MakeSureYouHave ∞ http://instagram.com/MakeSureYouHaveFun ∞ http://facebook.com/MakeSureYouHaveFun ∞ http://youtube.com/@MakeSureYouHaveFun ∞ http://twitch.tv/@MakeSureYouHaveFun

Poiseuille's Law drives perfusion, and J. Basha, CCP, dissects why it's our physics Bible. He'll unpack flow's reliance on pressure, radius, length, and viscosity—key to circuits and patients. I'll recall early days when a tiny radius tweak tanked a case. You'll apply it to cannulas, tubing, and viscosity control via temp and Hgb. Calculate flows, predict pressures, fix problems fast. Perfusionists live this; OR teams peek into our world. After 40 years, I lean on Poiseuille daily—build your foundation here. Myocardial Protection Strategies: Why Do We Still See RV Dysfunction and Failure? Protecting the heart is cardiac surgery's core, yet RV dysfunction haunts us. J. Basha, CCP, digs into why and how to fight it. Basha will revisit cardioplegia basics—delivery, mixes, temps—then zero in on the RV's quirks and vulnerability. I'll share RV failures that taught me to watch it closer than the LV. Expect advanced moves: retrograde cardioplegia, RV tweaks, and handling pulmonary hypertension. Learn to spot and stop RV trouble from pre-op to post-op. Perfusionists need this; surgeons and anesthesiologists will align better with it. Crack the RV puzzle with us. Stand Your Ground: The AmSECT Guidelines on Hgb. Right or Wrong? Presenter: J. Basha, CCP, Audience Call-In. AmSECT's Hgb guidelines divide us—love 'em or hate 'em, they're up for debate. J. Basha, CCP, leads this call-in clash. Basha lays out the rules, the evidence, and the gripes. Then it's on: Do you stick to them or trust your gut? We'll argue universal thresholds, transfusion risks, and adjuncts like EPO. Bring your stance—students, pros, all voices count. Refine your practice in this showdown. Join us to stand your ground or find new footing.

Join us as we have an insightful conversation with renowned coach Ian Sharman. We discuss how to navigate the world of running advice with a critical eye and how his coaching philosophy has evolved.  How to identify credible running advice and avoid misinformation. Find out more about Ian at Sharman Ultra Coaching Episode Sponsors: Janji, Use code TRAILRUNNER for 10% off Ketone IQ, Used by Tour de France champions—Ketone-IQ naturally boosts EPO, recovery, and endurance. Get 30% off your first subscription order Tifosi Optics 20% off with code TRN Bear Mattress, get 40% off your first order with code TRAIL Oikos Triple Zero Get our new "1 > 0" technical running hat

In this high-elevation episode of Strength In Knowledge, we explore how to optimize endurance performance when the air gets thin. Based on the research by Salgado, Ryan, Seeley, and Charkoudian, we dive into both traditional and cutting-edge strategies designed to help athletes thrive at altitude.From acclimatization protocols and hypoxic training to novel interventions like dietary supplements and advanced breathing techniques, this episode examines what the science says—and what actually works. Whether you're coaching endurance athletes, treating altitude-related fatigue, or training for your own alpine challenge, you'll gain valuable insights into boosting performance when oxygen is limited.⛰️ Tune in to learn how to go further, faster, and stronger—no matter the altitude.Improving Endurance Exercise Performance at High Altitude: Traditional and Nontraditional Approaches Salgado, Roy M.; Ryan, Benjamin J.; Seeley, Afton D.; Charkoudian, Nisha DOI: 10.1249/JES.0000000000000347

Dr. Sven Voss is Director of the Institute of Doping Analysis and Sports Biochemistry (IDAS) – Dresden, a World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA)-accredited doping control laboratory in Germany. In this interview, he described his career path and his experiences working at multiple anti-doping labs around the world. In particular, he provided insights on IDAS – Dresden, including its history, their routine anti-doping work, and ongoing research projects on erythropoietin (EPO), blood doping, and other areas. 

What does it mean to be a trail runner in your 20s, 30s, 40s, 50s—or even your 70s? How do years of pounding dirt, chasing summits, and chasing goals shape our bodies, minds, and identities? Welcome to The Aging Athlete, a new Trail Runner Nation mini-series co-hosted by ultrarunning icon Krissy Moehl. Every 5 to 6 weeks, we'll dive into what it looks like to grow older in this sport we love—exploring how to train smarter, fuel better, recover more intentionally, and stay motivated through the decades. In this second episode of the Aging Athlete Series, we speak with Dr. Scott Drum, an exercise physiologist and lifelong endurance athlete. We explore how training, VO₂ max, heart health, sleep, and social connection evolve as we age—and how understanding these changes can help runners continue performing and thriving for decades. Dr. Drum explains how we can maintain (and even improve) cardiovascular fitness into our 50s and beyond, and shares his personal experience with AFib as a cautionary but hopeful tale. The conversation blends science, personal insight, and practical strategies to help runners of all ages stay motivated, train smart, and run for life. Check out Krissy's book in it's second edition, Running Your First Ultra Episode Sponsors: Janji, Use code TRAILRUNNER for 10% off Ketone IQ, Used by Tour de France champions—Ketone-IQ naturally boosts EPO, recovery, and endurance Get 30% off your first subscription order Tifosi Optics 20% off with code TRN Amazfit - T-Rex 3: Get 15% off Oikos Triple Zero Get our new "1 > 0" technical running hat

Squirrel Hill Vinyl Club, your monthly journey across techno, trance, acid, downtempo and houzy stuff. EPO, founder and member of Mentalità (a Bologna-Italy based electronic crew), is a Selector and DJ who recently moved to Pittsburgh with his bag full of european records and found a second home in the vinyl stores of the Steel City. Only vinyls selecta, hidden gems from the secondhand stores of Berlin, Amsterdam, London, Rome and the finest last releases. ---------- Follow EPO ◊ https://www.instagram.com/epo40135 ◊ https://www.facebook.com/Mentalitaa ◊ https://soundcloud.com/epo40135 ---------- Follow MSYH.FM » http://MSYH.FM » http://x.com/MSYHFM » http://instagram.com/MSYH.FM » http://facebook.com/MSYH.FM » http://patreon.com/MSYHFM ---------- Follow Make Sure You Have Fun™ ∞ http://MakeSureYouHaveFun.com ∞ http://x.com/MakeSureYouHave ∞ http://instagram.com/MakeSureYouHaveFun ∞ http://facebook.com/MakeSureYouHaveFun ∞ http://youtube.com/@MakeSureYouHaveFun ∞ http://twitch.tv/@MakeSureYouHaveFun

In this annual episode, we talk about the 2025 Western States 100 with AJW and Katie Asmuth. We talk about the race's rich history, the evolving competition in both the men's and women's fields, and how course knowledge and pacing strategies can make or break a runner's day. The discussion highlights the depth of talent, the impact of weather conditions, and the notable absences that open the door for new champions. Katie shares her personal connection to the race, emphasizing the powerful sense of community that defines the ultra running world. The group makes predictions, celebrates aging athletes, and honors the camaraderie and stories that make Western States more than just a race. It's a celebration of grit, tradition, and the people who bring the trail to life. Hire AJW as a coach! And read his weekly article in the AJW's Taproom Or tune into the "Crack a Brew with AJW" podcast. Check out Katie and her friend's podcast, "The Trail Network Podcast" and the Women's Trailrunning Fund Episode Sponsors: Janji, Use code TRAILRUNNER for 10% off Ketone IQ, Get 30% off your first subscription order. Used by Tour de France champions—Ketone-IQ naturally boosts EPO, recovery, and endurance Tifosi Optics 20% off with code TRN Amazfit - T-Rex 3: Get 15% off Oikos Triple Zero Get our new "1 > 0" technical running hat

Episode 193: Gestational Diabetes IntroJesica Mendoza (OMSIII) describes the pathophysiology of gestational diabetes and the right timing and method of screening for it. Dr. Arreaza adds insight into the need for culturally-appropriate foods, such as vegetables in Mexican cuisine.    Written by Jesica Mendoza, OMSIII, Western University of Health Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific. Editing by Hector Arreaza, MD.You are listening to Rio Bravo qWeek Podcast, your weekly dose of knowledge brought to you by the Rio Bravo Family Medicine Residency Program from Bakersfield, California, a UCLA-affiliated program sponsored by Clinica Sierra Vista, Let Us Be Your Healthcare Home. This podcast was created for educational purposes only. Visit your primary care provider for additional medical advice.DefinitionGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a condition that occurs to previously non-diabetic pregnant women, caused by glucose intolerance at around the 24th week of gestation. PathophysiologyGDM arises due to an underlying pancreatic beta cell dysfunction in the mother which leads to a decrease in the amount of insulin produced and thus leads to higher blood sugar levels during pregnancy. The placenta of the fetus will produce hPL (human placental lactogen) to ensure a steady supply of sugars to the fetus, creating an anti-insulin effect. However, hPL readily crosses the placental barrier causing the mothers insulin requirement to increase, when the mother's pancreas cannot increase production of insulin to that level needed to counter the effect of hPL they become diabetic, and this leads to gestational diabetes. So, basically the placenta is asking for more glucose for the baby and the mother's pancreas struggles to keep the glucose level within normal limits in the body of the mother. If left untreated, high levels of glucose in the mother can cause glucotoxicity in the mother.“Glucotoxicity” refers to the toxic effect of glucose. Glucose is the main fuel for cell functions, but when it is high in the bloodstream, it causes toxicity to organs. Prevalence of GDM.The CDC reports mean prevenance of GDM is 6.9%. In U.S. mothers the prevenance increased from 6.0% in 2016 to 8.3% in 2021. Many different factors have played a role in increasing gestational diabetes in American mothers, some of those being the ongoing obesity epidemic with excess body weight being a known risk factor for insulin resistance. Another being advanced maternal age (AMA) as more American women have children later in life their body becomes less sensitive to insulin and requires a higher insulin output on top of the insulin that is required for the fetus. The “American diet” is also something that has a big effect in diabetes development. With the increase of high-carb foods that are readily available, the diet of Americans has declined and is affecting the metabolic health of mothers as they carry and deliver their children. Despite ongoing awareness of GDM, 6% to 9% of pregnant women in the United States are diagnosed with gestational diabetes, and the prevalence continues to increase worldwide. It is estimated that in 2017 18.4 million pregnancies were affected by GDM in the world, which then continued to increase to 1 in 6 births to women with GDM in 2019. It was also found that women living in low-income communities were disproportionately affected due to limited healthcare access. Additionally, women with GDM had a 1.4-fold increase in likelihood of undergoing a c-section, with 15% increase in risk of requiring blood transfusion. Screening for GDMGestational diabetes is screened between the 24th to 28th week of gestation in all women without known pregestational diabetes. In women who have high-risk for GDM the screening occurs during the first trimester, these women usually have at least one of the following: BMI > 30, prior history of GDM, known impaired glucose metabolism, and/or a strong family history of diabetes. The screening during the first trimester is to detect “pregestational diabetes” because we have to keep a good glycemic control to improve outcomes of pregnancy. So, if it's positive, you start treatment immediately. If these women are found to have a normal glucose, they repeat the testing again as done normally, at 24-28 weeks of gestation. How do we screen?The screening itself consists of two types of approaches. The two-step approach includes a 50-gram oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), where blood glucose is measured in an hour and if it is below 140 they are considered to not have GDM, however if the reading is greater than 140 they must then do a 3-hour, 100g oral glucose tolerance test. The 3-hour OGTT includes measuring the blood sugars at Fasting which should be less than 95, at 1 hour at less than 180, at 2 hours at less than 155, and at 3 hours at less than 140. If 2 or more of these values exceed the threshold the patient is diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus. The one-step approach includes 75g after an overnight fast. Blood glucose is measured while fasting which should be less than 92, at 1 hour less than 180 and at 2 hours less than 153. If any one of these values is exceeded, the patient is diagnosed with GDM.If the mother is found to be GDM positive during pregnancy she will also need continued screening post-partum to monitor for any development of overt diabetes. The testing is usually 75g 2-hour OGTT at 6-12 weeks postpartum. If this testing is normal, then they are tested using HbA1c every 3 years. If the post-partum testing shows pre-diabetes, annual testing is recommended using HbA1c measurements. Maternal complications Women with GDM are at an increased risk for future cardiovascular disease, T2DM, and chronic kidney disease. GDM is also associated with increased likelihood of developing pre-eclampsia following delivery. Pre-eclampsia is a complication seen in pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure, proteinuria, vision changes, and liver involvement (high LFTs). Pre-eclampsia can then progress to eclampsia or HELLP syndrome, both of which can include end organ damage. Additionally, she can develop polyhydramnios which leads to overstretching of the uterus and can induce pre-term labor, placental abruption, and or uterine atony, all of which additionally put the mother at increased risk for c-section. All of these maternal complications that stem from GDM lead to complications and extended hospitalization. Child's complications Although there is an increased set of risks for the mother, the neonate can also develop a variety of risks due to the increased glucose while in utero. While the fetus is growing, the placenta is the source of nutrition for the fetus. As the levels of glucose in the mother increase so does the amount of glucose filtered through the placenta and into the fetal circulation. Over time the glucose leads to oxidative stress and inflammation with activation of TGF-b which leads to fibroblast activation and fibrosis of the placenta. This fibrosis decreases the nutrient and oxygen exchange for the fetus. As the fetus attempts to grow in this restrictive environment its development is affected. The fetus can develop IUGR (intrauterine growth restriction) leading to a small for gestation age newborn which can then lead to another set of complications. The low oxygen environment can lead to increased EPO production and polycythemia at birth which can then lead to increased clotting that can travel to the newborn brain. Newborns can also be born with fetal acidosis due to the anerobic metabolism and lactic acid buildup in fetal tissues which can cause fetal encephalopathy leading to cerebral palsy and developmental delay. And the most severe of newborn complications to gestational diabetes can lead to fetal demise. Furthermore, the increase of glucose can also lead to macrosomia in the infant which can often lead to a traumatic delivery and delivery complications such as shoulder dystocia and brachial plexus injury. Brachial plexus injury sometimes resolves without sequela, but other times can lead to permanent weakness or paralysis of the affected arm. The baby can be born too small or too big.Additionally, once the fetus is born the cutting of the umbilical cord leads to a rapid deceleration in blood glucose in the fetal circulation and hypoglycemic episodes can occur, that often lead to NICU admission. The insulin that is created by the fetus in utero to accommodate the large quantities of glucose is known to affect lung maturation as well. The insulin produced inhibits surfactant production in the fetus. Upon birth some of the newborns also have to be placed on PEEP for ventilation and some children require treatment with surfactant to prevent alveolar collapse and/or progression to NRDS created by the low surfactant levels. Additionally, neonates who are macrosomic, which is usually seen in GDM mothers, are larger and stronger and when put on PEEP to help increase ventilation the newborn's stronger respiratory effort can lead to higher pulmonary pressures and barotrauma such as neonatal pneumothorax.Long term complications to the child of a mother with GDM also occur. As the child grows, they are also at an increased risk for developing early onset obesity because of the increased adipose storage triggered by the increase in insulin in response to the high glucose in utero. This then can lead to a higher chance of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in the child. With diabetes, also comes an increase in cardiovascular risk as the child ages and becomes an adult. The effects of GDM go beyond the fetal life but continue through adulthood.What can be done?Gestational Diabetes Mellitus has many severe and lifelong consequences for both the mother and the child and prevention of GDM would help enhance the quality of life of both. Many of the ways to prevent GDM complications include patient education and dietary modifications with a diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables and lean proteins. Benefits of some vegetables in the Mexican cuisine that may be beneficial: Nopales, Chayote, and Jicama. Those are good alternatives for highly processed carbs.Mothers are usually offered nutritional counseling to help them develop a tailored eating plan. This and 30 minutes of moderate exercise daily is recommended to increase insulin sensitivity and lower the post-prandial glucose levels. If within 2 weeks of implementing lifestyle changes alone the glucose measurements remain high, then medications like insulin can be put onboard to manage the GDM. If they require insulin, I think it is time to refer to a higher level of care, if available, high risk OB clinic.Conclusion: Now we conclude episode number ###, “[TITLE].” [summary here]. _____________________References:Eades CE, Burrows KA, Andreeva R, Stansfield DR, Evans JM. Prevalence of gestational diabetes in the United States and Canada: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2024 Mar 15;24(1):204. doi: 10.1186/s12884-024-06378-2. PMID: 38491497; PMCID: PMC10941381. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38491497/QuickStats: Percentage of Mothers with Gestational Diabetes,* by Maternal Age — National Vital Statistics System, United States, 2016 and 2021. Weekly / January 6, 2023 / 72(1);16. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/72/wr/mm7201a4.htm?utmAkinyemi OA, Weldeslase TA, Odusanya E, Akueme NT, Omokhodion OV, Fasokun ME, Makanjuola D, Fakorede M, Ogundipe T. Profiles and Outcomes of Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in the United States. Cureus. 2023 Jul 4;15(7):e41360. doi: 10.7759/cureus.41360. PMID: 37546039; PMCID: PMC10399637. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10399637/?utmPerlman, J. M. (2006). Summary proceedings from the neurology group on hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Pediatrics, 117(3), S28–S33.DOI: 10.1542/peds.2005-0620C.Low, J. A. (1997). Intrapartum fetal asphyxia: definition, diagnosis, and classification. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 176(5), 957–959.DOI: 10.1016/S0002-9378(97)70609-0.Hallman, M., Gluck, L., & Liggins, G. (1985). Role of insulin in delaying surfactant production in the fetal lung. Journal of Pediatrics, 106(5), 786–790.DOI: 10.1016/S0022-3476(85)80227-0.Sweet, D. G., Carnielli, V., Greisen, G., et al. (2019). European Consensus Guidelines on the Management of Respiratory Distress Syndrome – 2019 Update. Neonatology, 115(4), 432–450.DOI: 10.1159/000499361.Raju, T. N. K., et al. (1999). Respiratory distress in term infants: when to suspect surfactant deficiency. Pediatrics, 103(5), 903–909.DOI: 10.1542/peds.103.5.903.Burns, C. M., Rutherford, M. A., Boardman, J. P., & Cowan, F. M. (2008). Patterns of cerebral injury and neurodevelopmental outcomes after symptomatic neonatal hypoglycemia. Pediatrics, 122(1), 65–74.DOI: 10.1542/peds.2007-2822.Dabelea, D., et al. (2000). Long-term impact of maternal diabetes on obesity in childhood. Diabetes Care, 23(10), 1534–1540.DOI: 10.2337/diacare.23.10.1534.Dashe, J. S., et al. (2002). "Hydramnios: Etiology and outcome." Obstetrics & Gynecology, 100(5 Pt 1), 957–962.DOI: 10.1016/S0029-7844(02)02279-6.Long-term cost-effectiveness of implementing a lifestyle intervention during pregnancy to prevent gestational diabetes mellitus: a decision-analytic modelling study. Diabetologia.American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2018). Practice Bulletin No. 190: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 131(2), e49–e64. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000002501Theme song, Works All The Time by Dominik Schwarzer, YouTube ID: CUBDNERZU8HXUHBS, purchased from https://www.premiumbeat.com/. 

As we continue our search for a permanent home in Pittsburgh, MSYH.FM is hosting monthly recording sessions inside Pittsburgh's newest vinyl manufacturing plant, Hellbender. A big thank you to their entire team for opening their doors to us. As part of our monthly DJ showcase, we will be highlighting our station's local resident DJs and hosts, as well as guest DJ sets from some of the state's most talented selectors. This month we are featuring EPO, station resident behind Squirrel Hill Vinyl Club! Watch on YouTube: https://youtu.be/TEDdht1VWds ---------- Follow EPO ◊ https://instagram.com/epo40135 ◊ https://facebook.com/Mentalitaa ◊ https://soundcloud.com/epo40135 ---------- Follow MSYH.FM » http://soundcloud.com/MSYHFM » http://MSYH.FM » http://x.com/MSYHFM » http://instagram.com/MSYH.FM » http://facebook.com/MSYH.FM » http://patreon.com/MSYHFM ---------- Follow Make Sure You Have Fun™ ∞ http://MakeSureYouHaveFun.com ∞ http://x.com/MakeSureYouHave ∞ http://instagram.com/MakeSureYouHaveFun ∞ http://facebook.com/MakeSureYouHaveFun ∞ http://youtube.com/@makesureyouhavefun ∞ http://twitch.tv/@MakeSureYouHaveFun

Is one of the most “trusted” names in healthcare responsible for millions of deaths? This explosive interview may change everything you thought you knew about the medical system. In this eye-opening episode of The Dr. Josh Axe Show, Dr. Axe sits down with Pulitzer-nominated investigative journalist and former New York Times correspondent Gardiner Harris to expose the dark underbelly of Big Pharma—specifically the disturbing history of Johnson & Johnson. Gardiner, who has reported from the White House and covered the pharmaceutical industry for decades, joins the show to discuss revelations from his groundbreaking new book No More Tears. Drawing from sealed court documents, grand jury transcripts, and firsthand reporting, he reveals how corporate greed, government collusion, and media silence have fueled some of the deadliest medical conspiracies in American history. In this episode, you'll discover: Why Johnson & Johnson may be responsible for up to 2 million deaths—and how it was covered up. How Risperdal was marketed illegally to elderly patients, despite deadly side effects. Shocking misuse of EPO in cancer patients and the hidden studies that exposed it. The FDA's role in enabling decades of pharmaceutical harm. How Tylenol became one of the most dangerous over-the-counter drugs in America. Why many “late onset schizophrenia” diagnoses in nursing homes are completely fabricated. The frightening financial ties between drug companies, academic institutions, and your doctor. Don't miss this powerful conversation that could change how you view medicine, media, and the modern healthcare system. Whether you've suspected something was off or you're just beginning to question the mainstream narrative, this episode will arm you with truth—and hope. Watch now to uncover how to protect your health, your family, and your future. #johnsonandjohnson #healthcare #draxe ------  0:00 Introduction 5:15 Corruption in American Healthcare 16:27 The Use of Antipsychotics for Nursing Home Patients 20:44 EPO for Cancer Patients 28:08 Medical Industry as Goliath  37:50 Medical Advisory Committee: FDA 42:00 Acetaminophen Side Effects  ------  Want more of The Dr. Josh Axe Show? Subscribe to the YouTube channel. Follow Dr. Josh Axe Instagram Twitter Facebook TikTok Website Follow Gardiner Harris Twitter Website ------  Staying healthy in today's world is an upstream battle. Subscribe to Wellness Weekly, your 5-minute dose of sound health advice to help you grow physically, mentally, and spiritually. Every Wednesday, you'll get:  Holistic health news & life-hacks from a biblical world view Powerful free resources including classes, Q&As, and guides from Dr. Axe The latest episodes of The Dr. Josh Axe Show Submit your questions via voice memo to be featured on the show → speakpipe.com/drjoshaxe  ------  Links:  Check out Gardiner Harris' new book, NO MORE TEARS: The Dark Secrets of Johnson & Johnson → https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/216247552-no-more-tears

In this episode, host Steve House sits down with Dr. Peter Hackett, a pioneer in high-altitude medicine, to discuss the potential use of xenon gas as a performance enhancer for mountaineers. Xenon, once used as an anesthetic, is a noble gas that may briefly stimulate erythropoietin (EPO) but lacks solid evidence of improving red blood cell count or performance. Dr. Hackett explains the risks of unsupervised xenon use and stresses the importance of controlled research before drawing conclusions. He shares skepticism around current anecdotal claims, especially without peer-reviewed data. The episode emphasizes safety, science, and honesty in altitude medicine. This is the first part of a two-part series on the use of Xenon in mountaineering.