Podcasts about Chang

Joey Merlino recounts the night his best friend was killed in a drive-by, revealing he was shot as well. Despite the loss, he insists he never sought revenge. He also details courtroom battles, exposing claims he says were built on lies and ultimately collapsed under scrutiny.

Author & Geopolitics Expert Gordon Chang joins Sid to discuss the Iran conflict and rising oil prices are financially benefiting Russia and could tilt the Russia-Ukraine war of attrition in Moscow's favor, despite Chang saying Ukraine currently has battlefield initiative. Chang argues the U.S. should seize Russian “dark ships” and stop Iranian oil transits through the Strait of Hormuz to cut funding for Russia and Iran. He says the conflicts are interconnected in a broader global struggle against Russia, China, Iran, and North Korea, and claims China is aiding Iran with intelligence and weapons, making it inappropriate for President Trump to visit Beijing, a trip Trump postponed. Chang supports Trump's actions against Iran, citing Iran's enriched uranium and missile capabilities, and disputes outgoing counterterrorism director Joe Kent's claim of no imminent threat. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

CW: Suicide This episode we are talking about Law and Order--where Ritsuryo system gets its name.  We are going to look at some of the underlying theory of how the government was set up and then some of the new laws people were expected to follow and examples of punishment--as well as pardons and general amnesties. For the blogpost, check out:  https://sengokudaimyo.com/podcast/episode-145 Rough Transcript Welcome to Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  My name is Joshua, and this is Episode 145:  Law and Order in the Reign of Temmu     The sound of struggle could be heard, as a man, hands bound behind him, was roughly brought into the courtyard by several sturdy men.  They thrust him roughly to the bare ground in front of the pavilion.  The man's clothes were disheveled, his hair was unkempt, and his right eye was swollen shut.  He was a stark contrast from the four officials standing over him, and even more from those who stood in the pavilion, above, prepared to dole out judgment.  A clerk was handling the paperwork at a nearby desk, but the court official already knew this case.  He had read the reports, heard the testimony of the witnesses and, to top it all off, he had read the confession.  It seems it had taken some coercion, but in the end, the criminal before him had admitted to his wrongdoing. And thus the official was able to pronounce the sentence with some sense of moral clarity.  After all, if this man was innocent, why would he confess?  On the other hand, if he were truly innocent, how would he even have come to their attention?  Even if he was not guilty of this crime, if he had been such an upstanding citizen, why would his neighbors have accused him in the first place?  One way or another, justice was being done.     We remain—for at least the next couple of episodes—firmly in the reign of Ohoama, aka Temmu Tennou.  There is a lot more in this reign, and we are reaching a period where we won't be able to cover nearly as much as previously, so we'll have to summarize some things, but there is still a lot here to discuss.  Last episode we looked at what was happening outside of the court.  This episode we turn our attention back to the center, and specifically, what law and order meant in Ohoama's time. This period is called the Ritsuryo period, and as the name indicates, it is characterized by the set of laws and accompanying penal codes, the ritsu and the ryo.  Most of these codes are no longer extant, only known to us by other sources which contain only fragments of the originals.  But it was this adoption of a continental style of law that seems to most characterize this period.  So this episode, we are going to look at the project Ohoama kicked off to establish  one such law code —possibly even the first actual—for Yamato, as well as some of the examples of how law and order were enforced. In Episode 143 we talked about Ohoama's  historiographical project, which kicked off in the third month of 681 and culminated in the very chronicles we have been poring over.  However, a month before that, we see the start of a different and likely more immediate project, as the sovereign ordered work to begin on a new legal code.  This task was decreed from the Daigokuden to all of the Princes and Ministers -- who were then cautioned to divide it up and take it in shifts, since after all, they still needed to administer the government.  And so this division of labor began. The code would take years to compile, so, like so many of the ambitious projects of this reign, it was not quite ready by the time of Ohoama's death in 686.  In fact, it wouldn't be promulgated until 689, and even then that was only the "Ryou" part of the "Ritsuryou"—that is to say it contained the laws, the "ryou", but no the penal code, or "ritsu".  Still, we are told that the total body of laws was some 22 volumes and is known today as the Asuka Kiyomihara Code.  It is unfortunately no longer extant—we only have evidence of the laws based on those edicts and references we see in the Nihon Shoki, but it is thought by some to be the first such deliberate attempt to create a law code for Yamato.  We do have an earlier reference to Naka no Ohoye putting together a collection of laws during his reign, known as the Afumi Code, but there is some question as to whether that was actually a deliberate code or just a compilation of edicts that had been made up to that point.  These various codes are where the "Ritsuryo" period gets its name, and the Asuka Kiyomihara Code would eventually be supplanted in 701 by the Taihou code—which is one of the reasons why copies of previous codes haven't been kept around.  After all, why would you need the old law code when you now have the new and improved version? This also means that often, when we don't have other evidence, we look to later codes and histories to understand what might be happening when we get hints or fragments of legal matters.  The Chronicles often make note of various laws or customs, but they can be sparse on details.  After all, the main audience, in the 8th century, would be living the current law codes and likely understood the references in ways we may have to work out through other sources. As for the Kiyomihara Code, there are further notes in the Chronicles that seem to be referencing this project.  Besides the obvious—the new laws that were promulgated through various edicts—we see a few entries sprinkled throughout that appear to be related to this project.  First, I would note that in the 10th month of the same year that they started the project, 681, there was issued an edict that all those of the rank of Daisen on down should offer up their admonitions to the government.   Bentley notes that Article 65 of the Statutes on Official Documents provides a kind of feedback mechanism via this admonitions, where anyone who saw a problem with the government could submit it to the Council of the State.  If they had a fear of reprisals they could submit anonymously. This entry for the 10th month of 681 could just refer to a similar request that all those who had a problem should report it so it could be fixed, but in light of several other things, I would also suggest that it was at least in line with the ongoing efforts to figure out what needed to be figured out vis a vis the laws of the land.  Later, in the 8th month of 682 we see a similar type of request, where everyone from the Princes to the Ministers were instructed to bring forward matters suitable for framing new regulations.   So it looks like that first year or so there were, in a sense, a lot of "listening sessions" and other efforts going on to give deliberate thought to how the government should operate.  A few days later in 682 the Chronicles tell us that the court were working on drawing up the new laws, and as they did so they noticed a great rainbow.  Bentley suggests that this was an auspicious sign—even Heaven was smiling on the operation. So we know that there was lawmaking going on.  But what did these laws actually look like? This episode we are going to look at both criminal law – crimes and punishments, and gow they could be mitigated as well as those laws that were less about criminal activities and more about how the state itself was to be run. As I just stated, a lot of the laws and edicts are not necessarily about criminal activities.  Many of them are about the government and how it works—or at least how it is supposed to work.  Some of this helps to reveal a bit about the theoretical and philosophical underpinnings of this project.  That said, I'm not always sure that Ohoama and his officials were necessarily adherents to those philosophies or if they saw them more as justifications fro their actions.  And, in the end, does it matter?  Even if they weren't strict Confucianists, it is hard to argue that Confucian theory didn't loom large in their project, given its impact on the systems they were cribbing from.  Furthermore, if we need to extrapolate things that go unsaid, we could do worse than using Confucianism and similar continental philosophies as our guide, given what we see in the record.  A particularly intriguing record for understanding how that government was supposed to work is a declaration that civil and military officials of the central and provincial governments should, every year, consider their subordinates and determine what promotions, if any, they should receive.  They were to send in their recommendations within the first ten days to the judges, or "houkan".  The judges would compare the reports and make their recommendations up to the Daibenkan—the executive department of the Dajokan, the Council of State.  In addition, officers who refused orders to go on various missions for the court were ineligible for promotion, unless their refusal was specifically for genuine illness or bereavement following the loss of a parent. This feels like an important note on how the whole bureaucratic appointment and promotion system worked.  It actually follows early ideas of the meritocratic bureaucracy that was at the heart of how the government was supposed to work.  It isn't quite the same as magistrates roaming the land and seeking out talented individuals, but it still demonstrates a promotion system that is at least nominally about the merit of the individual and not solely based on personal patronage—though I'm sure the sovereign, the sumera no mikoto, or tennou, could still issue promotions whenever he so wished. And as cool as I find all that to be, I think the piece that I find particularly fun is the fact that they had to specify that only a "genuine" illness was a valid excuse.  That suggests to me that there were people who would feign illness to get out of work.  In other words, faking a sick day is nothing new and you could totally have a ritsuryo version of "Ferris Buehler's Day Off". This meritocratic idea seems to be tempered a bit a few years later, in 682.  We see an edict that not only describes the language and character of the court ritual, but also talking about verifying the lineage and character of anyone who applies for office.  Anyone whose lineage was found to be less than sufficient would be declared ineligible, regardless of whatever else they had done. And this is the tension of trying to overlay a theoretical system, based on the idea of merit, on a hereditary aristocracy.  In a meritocracy, one wouldn't blink twice at a person from a "lesser" ranked family making their way up and above those of "superior" families.  Then again, you probably wouldn't have families ranked in a hierarchy, anyway.  I feel like we've touched on this in a past episode, somewhere, but it isn't the last time we'll be talking about this.  After initially adopting the system as it theoretically should be, the cultural pressures of the elite nobles would start to shape the government into something that was not quite so threatening to the power of those elite families.  After all, those families held a lot of power—economic, political, and otherwise—and, as elites throughout history have done, they would do whatever they could to hold onto that power. This is actually something we see on the continent.  Whatever sense of justice or equality may have lay at the heart of the theory behind good governance, it was always going to be impacted by those with resources and the familial connections that bind people together.  For instance, it was the wealthy who would have the money and leisure time to be able to hire tutors, acquire books, and spend time studying and learning—something that is hard to do if you have to help your family work in the fields.  And the court would always be a place of politics, which was fueled by wealth and connections.  No doubt, if you asked someone of the time, they would say that the "correct" thing to do would be to work your way up from the bottom, starting from a low ranked position and climbing up based on their good deeds.  That's all well and good, but then we see preference given to the highest nobles, with their own progeny getting a jump on things by being automatically placed higher in rank.  With only a finite number of positions in the government, this meant  that climbing through the ranks would be almost impossible at some point, as there just weren't enough positions for those qualified to take them. This is an all-too-common problem, regardless of the actual system of government.  The powerful and wealthy have always had a leg up—though sometimes more than others. That isn't to say that those less fortunate were always ignored.  For instance, early in his reign, Ohoama made a decree to divide the common people—those who were not members of the royal family, so not princes or princesses—into three different classes, Upper, Middle, and Lower, all based on their wealth or financial status.  Only the two lower groups were eligible for loans of seed rice, should they need it.  That isn't so different than a lot of modern, means-tested government assistance programs, when you think about it.  The idea of breaking up groups into an "Upper", "Middle", and "Lower" category is found elsewhere—Bentley notes Article 16 of the Statutes of Arable Land dividing up families who planted mulberry.  "Ryou no Shuuge", a 9th century commentary on the Yoro law-code, notes that, at least by that time, the three categories were based on the number of people in a given household, not just the total wealth, it would seem.     Other decrees help us understand the make-up of the court, such as decree in the 8th month of 679, with the sovereign requesting that various houses send women to work in the court.  Bentley notes that this is very similar wording to Article 18 of the statutes of the Rear Palace, where the sovereign's consorts lived.  He also mentions a note in Ryou no Shuuge stating it was specifically women from noble families in the capital city and nearby who were employed for low-level tasks in the palace.     Continuing with the ordering of the government, in the third month of 681, Ohoama went to the well of the New Palace—the Nihi no Miya—and he ordered the military drums and other instruments to be played.  In the continental style, music was an important part of the military, with certain instruments and tunes that would be played for a variety of purposes.  It is unclear that the archipelago had such a detailed history of military music, and so it seems that this is in emulation of the continental practice. Then, in the 5th month, Ohoama had to crack down on another practice that was apparently taking off with the various public functionaries.  As we noted, earlier, public functionaries were reliant on their superiors, the judges, and then the Council of State for their promotion.  However, some appear to have found another way to garner favor, and that was through female palace officials—those working in the private quarters.  Those palace officials would have access to the sovereign and his families—his queen and various consorts.  And of course, if Ohoama heard good things about a person, then perhaps he would put them forward for promotion.  At the very least, if that person's name came forward, it might be well thought of.  And so public functionaries had taken to paying their respects to the women working in the palace.  Sometimes they would go to their doors and make their case directly.  Other times they would offer presents to them and their families.  This was clearly not how the system was intended to work.  As such, Ohoama told everyone to knock it off—should he hear about anyone trying this in the future, then the offenders would be punished according to their circumstances. Of course, I would note that this only would be a problem if the individuals were caught.  If the rest of Japanese history—heck, world history—is anything to go on, then humans are going to human and the court was no doubt deeply steeped in political maneuvering of all kinds.  I imagine that this practice never fully stopped, but it probably stopped being quite as blatant—for now. Continuing with the development of how the government operated, we get the entry for the 28th day of the 3rd lunar month of 682.  It starts with various sumptuary laws, with Princes down to public functionaries no longer wearing specialized caps of office—effectively getting rid of the idea of "cap-rank".  They also would no longer wear the aprons, sashes, or leggings that were part of the previous outfit.  Likewise the Uneme and female palace officials would no longer wear the elbow-straps or shoulder-scarves.  This appears to have moved the court closer to what the continent was wearing at the time, with belted garments based on clothing not too dissimilar from what was found across the Silk Road, to be honest.  They also discontinued all sustenance-fiefs for Princes and Ministers.  Those had to be returned to the State.  Presumably their salaries would then come from any stipends associated with their rank, instead.  This doesn't seem all that connected with the other edict, focused on clothing and rank, except that is part of the further centralization of power and authority—all taxes were to go to the central government and then get parceled out, and everyone—or at least those in the court—were to conform to a standard uniform.  That said, for all that it may have been the intent, as we shall see, the court would never fully get rid of the idea of privately held tax land—it would just take different forms over time. Later, we get more sumptuary laws, some about what the people of the court would wear, but others that were more general.  Sumptuary laws are laws specifically focused on controlling things such as expenditures or personal behavior—including what one wore and how they expressed themselves--and they are generally made to help order society in some way.  There were a lot of cultures where purple, for instance, was reserved for royalty—often because of how expensive it was and difficult to make.  Wearing an expensive purple fabric could be seen as an expression of wealth—and thus power—and that could feel like a challenge to those in power themselves.  It probably also meant that there was enough dye for the royal robes and it was not nearly so scarce. In other instances, we see sumptuary laws to call out people of certain groups.  Some laws are to distinguish an in-group, and others to call out a group to be set apart from society.  Other such laws were made to distinguish between social constructs such as caste or gender.  Even today we have a concept of "cross-dressing" as we have determined that certain clothing or styles are seen as either more masculine or feminine, and there are those who call out such things as somehow perverting society.  And yet, the clothing is simply pieces of fabric, and what may have been considered masculine or feminine in one time or place may not bee seen as such in another. In this case, the sumptuary laws in question focused on hairstyles.  Ohoama decreed that all persons, male or female, must tie up their hair—they couldn't leave it hanging down. This was to be done no later than the last day of the year—the 30th day of the 12th lunar month, though it could be required even before that.  We are also told that women were expected to ride horses in the saddle similar to the way men did. This appears to mean they would sit astride a saddle, with their legs on either side, and not in something akin to side saddle.  This also likely meant that women riding horses would want trousers, similar to what men wore, at least for that part of it.  Trying to wear a long skirt with your legs on either side of a horse does not strike me as the most comfortable position to put yourself in, not that people haven't figured it out over the centuries in various ways.  Indeed, in some Tang statuary, women are often depicted riding horseback with trousers.   In the 9th month of 682 we get a fun entry.  Well, I find it amusing.  We are told that the practice of ceremonial crawling and kneeling was to be abolished and that they would adopt the ceremonial custom of standing, as had been practiced in the Naniwa court.  And a part of me thinks of some old courtier who was having trouble with all of the kneeling who was suddenly very happy with this new ordinance.  On the other hand, it is fascinating to think of the other implications. First, we are being told that there was a custom of standing at the Naniwa court, while in Asuka there was a tradition of ceremonial crawling and kneeling.  Bentley's translation makes it apparent that this was specifically as you entered through the gates: that you would bow and then crawl through the entranceway. I'm assuming that the standing custom was based on continental tradition, since that seemed to be what the Naniwa palace was built to emulate, and that in returning to Asuka they were partaking in a more local ritual—though I'm not entirely certain as I just don't have enough information to know at this point.  Aston does claim that it was custom in the Tang court, though I'm not sure of his source for that. In 683 we get more information on how the court functioned.  We are told that there was a decree that all persons of rank in the Home Provinces were expected to present themselves at Court at some point in the first month of each quarter.  You were only excused if you were sick, at which point an official would need to send a report up to the judicial authorities.  So every noble in the Home Provinces had to travel to the court once every four months.  And if they couldn't, they need to be able to produce the equivalent of a doctor's note, saysing so. We aren't told why this was implemented.  I suspect that there had to be some compromise between nobles being at and working at the court and going back to their hometown to also keep an eye on things there.  It is possible that there were plenty of people who just weren't coming to the court unless they had to—living off their stipend, but not necessarily doing the work.  So this may have been a "return to office" type order to make sure that people were there, in the "office" of the court at least once every four months. This brings to mind the Edo period practice of alternate attendance, or Sankin-koutai, where daimyo would have to attend on the Shogun for a time and then could return home.  Of course, that was also done as a means to drain their coffers, and I don't believe this was meant in quite so punishing a manner. Having a permanent city, where the nobles had houses in the city, would likely fix these issues, allowing the court to be more regularly staffed.  Sure enough, that same decree included the decree that there would be a Capital City at Naniwa as well as other places, while the work at Nihiki, on what would become the Fujiwara capital, was already underway. Speaking of the capital, that work would require labor and people to oversee it.  In 10th month of 684, we see a note that gives us a glimpse into the management of corvee labor, as Prince Hatsuse and Kose no Asomi no Umakahi, as well as officials down to facilities managers, 20 people in all, were set up as corvee labor managers for the royal region.      Next, let's talk criminal matters.  What kinds of things were people being accused of or what laws were being set up to constraing the activities of individuals.   We'll start by looking at how justices was handled, generally speaking.  Some of it seems almost obvious, like in 675, when we are told that the sovereign ordered that nobody—whether a minister, a functionary, or a citizen—should commit an offense lest they be punished accordingly.  'But what was happening previously to make such a proclamation necessary? On the one hand, I suspect that this was a warning to the elites of the archipelago more than anything else, especially those who might not have been in direct fealty to the Yamato sovereign previously.  Those elites farther out in the provinces were probably used to a looser hand, and fewer consequences for their actions.  Back in Taika years, in the late 640s, just as everything was kicking off, the court had had to bring the hammer down on the governors and various kuni no miyatsuko, local elites who had been doing things their own way.  I suspect this was just a similar attempt to bring people into line and a reminder of who actually wore the hakama in this administration.  It also seems to be a straightforward statement that the law applied to every person—or at least every person outside of the sovereign, himself. That was likely a novel idea for many people, where those in positions of power were likely able to get away with murder, quite literally, because who was going to stop them?  We've seen how many of the more powerful families controlled what were essentially private armies. At the same time, 675 is before these new formal law codes and punishments were in place.  Presumably there was tradition in place and some understanding that the sovereign could declare laws and punishment, but I also wonder if this isn't part of the reason that they felt that centralized, authoritative, written law codes were required in the first place.  After all, communicating laws and punishments verbally across the archipelago, even with the potential for written edicts, likely relied a lot on local administrators to interpret the edicts and figure out what was going on. This seems to align with an edict from the 10th month of 679, which decried that there were many people guilty of crimes and violence hanging around the capital.  This was blamed on the Princes and Ministers, since the edict claimed that these high officials heard about it but didn't do anything, instead treating it like a nuisance that was too much trouble—or perhaps too personally expensive—to do anything about.  Alternatively, those same princes and ministers would see people that they knew were guilty, but they didn't want to go through the trouble of actually reporting them, and so the offenders could get away with it.  The proposed solution was to exhort those in higher stations to punish the offenses of those beneath them, while those of lower stations were expected to remonstrate with their superiors when those superiors were rude or violent.  In other words, if everyone just held everyone else accountable, then things would work out. This seems like a great sentiment, but I have to imagine that there was something more beyond the high-minded ideals. Again,  I suspect that it was probably as much Ohoama putting people on notice.  Still, this seems aspirational rather than definitive.      A clear example of the kind of thing that was being prohibited is likelye the decree about fishermen and hunters, who were forbidden from making pitfalls or using spear traps or similar devices.  Also, from the beginning of the 4th month until the 13th day of the 9th month, no one was to set fish-weirs, or himasakiri—an unknown device, but probably another type of fish trap.  Ohoama also prohibited the eating of cattle, horses, dogs, monkeys, or chickens.  Other animals, including boar, deer, fish, etc., were all fair game, as it were. The prohibition on traps is likely because they were a hazard to anyone walking through the area.  In the Tang dynasty they did something similar, but they did make exceptions for hunters in the deep mountains, who were supposed to put up signs warning any travelers.  As for the weirs and himasakiri, whatever that might be, I have less context, but likely it did have some reasoning—possibly similar to our modern concepts of having certain seasons for various types of fishing.  Fish weirs do create obstructions, and between the 4th and 9th lunar months Japan does see the summer monsoon rains—could that be the reason?  Tsuyu, or rainy season, is often around July to mid-June, today.  Or perhaps there is another motivation for that particular prohibition. As for the eating of various animals—of the animals listed, all but the monkeys are domesticated animals who generally weren't considered as food animals.  Cattle were used for working the fields, horses were ridden, and dogs were used for hunting.  I wonder if monkeys were just too close to people. The chicken prohibition may seem odd to us, today.  The word for chicken, "niwatori", literally means garden bird, though the Nihon Shoki uses something more like "barn door bird".  We know that cock-fighting was a thing in later periods, and that chickens were associated with Amaterasu, possibly for their legendary habit of crowing as the sun comes up.  We can also note the lack of some animals, like cats, from the list.  Perhaps cats were never in danger of being seen as a food source, or perhaps cats just weren't as prevalent at the time—we know cats were around from at least the Nara period, but there isn't much evidence before that.  There are examples of bones thought to be from a cat from the Yayoi period found on Iki island, but it is hard to say from that if they were fully established across the archipelago. Still,  I do find it curious they are not on the list.Continuing on, we later see where see the court issued an edict that prohibited the cutting of grass or firewood on Mt. Minabuchi and Mt. Hosokawa.  Furthermore they prevented any indiscriminate burning or cutting on all of the mountains in the Home Provinces.  This feels somewhat religious—after all, the mountains were often considered the domain of the kami.  Perhaps there were some religious restrictions.  On the other hand, some of it sounds like they were trying to just ensure that with a growing population they didn't denude the mountains around the capital. This whole incident brings to mind problems that occurred in and around Chang'an, the western Tang capital.  The palace itself—not to mention all of the houses and temples—took so much wood that it was a drain on the nearby forests.  And that is without taking into account the simple harvesting of wood for cooking fires, tools, etc.  In fact, the logging industry of that time devastated the local environment, meaning that they had to travel farther and farther to find suitable wood for the monumental buildings they wished to create.  It is also thought to have contributed to various natural disasters in and around the capital.  Perhaps Yamato was worried that unrestricted logging in the Home Provinces could likewise cause problems?  Or was that simply an added benefit gained from the idea that mountains were sacred spaces?   Later in the 10th month of 679, there was an edict determining sumptuary rules for monks clothing, as well as what kind of retinue could accompany them when they went out.  We talked about this back in Episode 142.  That same month, there was an edict that, while monks and nuns might normally be expected to stay at a temple—such as in the quarters identified in the ruins of Kawaradera—that it became a problem when older monks became bed-ridden.  After all, if they couldn't leave their bed, then one can only imagine how it must have been.  Not to get overly graphic, but they couldn't exactly make it out to the latrine at that point, either.  So it was determined that if an elderly monk were to reach the stage that they were bed-ridden, and unlikely to recover, then the temple would seek out relatives or laypersons to help build a hut or two in vacant spaces on the temple grounds.  There, the sick and bed-ridden monks could be cared for in a more sanitary manner. Now the way this is written, on the one hand it seems they were worried about ritual purification as much as anything, but I imagine that this was also practical.  After all, as you get all of those monks living together, one can only imagine that disease and illness could easily spread in those close quarters.  So separating those who were quite sick only makes sense, like an early form of quarantine. A lot of these prohibitions seem to be fairly practical.  Don't put traps where people could accidentally fall into them.  Don't chop down the nearby forest—we may need that later.  And even: don't leave a sick or elderly monk in a crowded dormitory situation.But what about the penal codes? If you lived in the latter part of Temmu's reign and you did violate one of the rules mentioned above, or one of the many others at play, what would happen to you, and how did that vary based on your place in society? Unfortunately, most of what we get on this is kind of bare bones.  We often see the punishment, but not t he crime.  We are just told that someone was found guilty, or condemned.  Take, for example, the Buddhist Priest, Fukuyou, of Asukadera, who was condemned and thrown into prison.  We aren't told what he did to deserve confinement, but it wouldn't last long.  Apparently Fukuyou cut his own throat, ending his life, rather than face other consequences or live with the shame of whatever crime he had committed. By the way, the term "prison" here is interesting.  We certainly see people being imprisoned in some way, shape, or form—locked up and unable to freely travel.  That isn't exactly the same, however, as a prison complex or system.  There may have been buildings used a jail—a temporary holding facility while the actual punishment was determined.  And we also see the equivalent of house arrest.  Later, there would be formal "prisons" set up for the detention of individuals, who were often then forced to labor as part of their punishment.  However, they had many other forms of punishment, many of which required much fewer staff.  After all, a prison requires that you have guards constantly watching the prisoners to make sure nothing gets out of hand.  Instead, you could just exile them to an island or even just another province, with a lot less manpower. A less drastic punishment was handed out back in the 4th month of 675, when we are told that Tahema no Kimi no Hiromaro and Kunu no Omi no Maro were both forbidden from attending the court—for what purpose we aren't immediately told.  However, six days later, Kunu no Maro was held accountable for offering resistance to a royal messenger—maybe the one who communicated that he was banished from the court.  As a punishment, he was stripped of all of his offices and dignities.  Both Tahema no Hiromaro and Kunu no Maro appear to have been pardoned at a later date, though we aren't sure when.  It could have been one of the various general amnesties—and we'll talk about that in a moment.  Hiromaro passed away in 685, but he was provided a posthumous promotion in rank and is noted for his efforts supporting Ohoama during the Jinshin no Ran.  Meanwhile, Kunu no Maro—also known as Abe no Kunu no Maro is seen delivering a eulogy in 686.  Perhaps somewhat ironically, he did so on behalf of the Office of Punishments—later the Keimu-shou, or Ministry of Punishment.  These actions certainly seem to be at odds with them being punished, let alone banished from the court. We also see an example where  Prince Womi, who was of the 3rd princely ranks—even higher than Prince Kurikuma, whom we discussed last episode—was guilty of some kind of offense and banished to Inaba.  One of his children was also banished to Izushima and the other to Chikashima.  Aston suggests that this means Ohoshima and Chikashima may be in Hizen.  Again, very little to go on as to what was happening, though it seems that all three were punished together and sent away from each other, perhaps so that they could not plot or scheme together.  Later amnesties would probably have resulted in pardons for them.   Speaking of pardons—the punishments that we are speaking about all appear to be permanent, other than imprisonment, which may have been more of a temporary situation.  It wasn't like being sent away for so many years.  However, on the other side of the coin was the option for a pardon or amnesty.  While I imagine that the sovereign could always provide a pardon directly, we more regularly see general amnesties declared, sometimes with very specific guidelines. One of the most illuminating such instances, and possibly where Kunu no Maro and Tahema no Hiromaro were pardoned, came in the 7th month of 676.  That month the court issued a general amnesty, likely to increase the merit accrued to the State through an act of mercy and forgiveness, given the drought and famine that had been reported earlier that summer.  Perhaps paradoxically, this act of leniency gives us an interesting view into the types of punishments that were made, as well as how severe each was considered.    The amnesty mitigated all sentences of death, enforced servitude, or the three classes of banishment, and they would all be mitigated by one degree.  So anyone sentenced to death would instead just become enslaved.  Those who were sentenced to enslavement would be banished to a distant province.  Those banished to a distant province would only be banished to a province at a medium distance.  Banishment to a medium province would be downgraded to a nearer province.  And Banishment to a nearer province would be downgraded to banishment—or removal—to a place in the same province.  For anyone who committed a crime for which they would be removed to a place in the same province—or for any lesser crime—would be completely pardoned, whether or not the crime was actually known.  So you couldn't be held responsible, retroactively. This gives us a kind of hierarchy to use as far as the kinds of punishment that might be handed out.  Of course, there are also a few others, which I generally assume were considered lesser.  For instance: banishment from the court, or being stripped of government rank, that sort of thing. There was a caveat that this amnesty would not apply to those who had already left for their place of banishment—nor, obviously, to those who had already been executed.  So if you had already settled in to your new life, this amnesty didn't exactly matter.  This could be where Tahema no Hiromaro and Kunu no Maro were pardoned and thus allowed to find their way back into the court's good graces.  On the other hand, others probably wish that this amnesty happened a bit later—one month later, to be exact.  We are told that Prince Yagaki, the current viceroy of the Dazaifu, was accused of some offense and banished to Tosa, in Shikoku.  As usual, the record does not feel the need to tell us what the offense was or try to justify it anyway.   This is all well and good, but what exactly did the justice system look like?  How were criminals accused, and how would they investigate and prove your guilt?  In the 11th month of 682, we see a rather detailed description of how trials and punishment were to be carried out.  For any offense against the law, whether it was in the palace or the court, it would be immediately examined, and nobody was allowed to conceal information about it.  If the offense was grave enough, then the next step would depend on the rank of the individual.  For individuals of high birth, their guilt would be reported to the court, presumably for whatever punishment they deemed appropriate from there.  For others, they would be arrested.  If they resisted arrest, then the palace guards would be sent after them.  A typical punishment was flogging, which was not to go beyond 100 blows.  Finally, if the individual were clearly guilty, but yet continued to profess their innocence, then that would be considered perjury and added to their sentence. It should be noted that in East Asia at this time, there was no concept of innocent until proven guilty.  If you were accused of a crime, then it was up to you to prove that you were innocent.  It was not uncommon for an arrest to occur, and then for the authorities to then torture a confession out of the individual.  Since they already had assumed the individual's guilt, this was just meant to get them to admit it.  Even into modern times, Japan has had a high conviction rate, but there are accusations that this is simply because of the presence of coerced confessions.  A coerced confession helps to demonstrate that the system is correct, and working as designed, whilst protestations of innocence call into question the validity of the system. There is another type of guilt and punishment—and leniency, for that matter—mentioned in the 6th month of 677: We are told that the Yamato no Aya no Atahe were considered guilty of the "seven misdemeanors", which seems like it is more an indictment of their moral failings rather than any kind of direct criminal behavior.  Furthermore, they were accused of pushing back against the rightful sovereigns from the time of Kashikiya Hime down to the time of the Afumi court.  This would seem to indicate that they had been supporting the Soga and the Afumi court, but if so, I wouldn't say that the Chronicles help to clarify it in any way.  Perhaps they just were willful and not showing the right amount of loyalty to the throne.  Whatever they did, Ohoama was none too pleased, but he also didn't want to completely destroy the uji.  Instead, as a compromise, he offered them clemency for any past actions, pardoning them, but also claiming that if they stepped out of line again, then their offense would be unpardonable.  This whole entry is a vibe.  It is less of a punishment and more of a sword of Damocles being set up above them. Several years later, in 682, we see the Yamato no Aya being granted the title of Muraji.  In consequence of the appointment, the entire household—all the men and women alike, presented themselves to the court.  They rejoiced and praised Ohoama, thanking him for raising them in status.  This doesn't feel like a normal entry—it isn't like every family was coming into court and giving thanks every time that a promotion was handed out.  This feels like classic "kissing the ring" to get back into good graces with someone who was, effectively, an autocratic ruler.  While there was a bureaucracy, based on everything we've seen Ohoama had bent it largely to his will by appointing family members and other members of the elite princely class—those with at least nominal familial connections—to positions of power and authority.   And with that, I think we will bring this episode to a close.  Next episode we'll finish out this reign with a few projects and various other miscellaneous events. Until then if you like what we are doing, please tell your friends and feel free to rate us wherever you listen to podcasts.  If you feel the need to do more, and want to help us keep this going, we have information about how you can donate on Patreon or through our KoFi site, ko-fi.com/sengokudaimyo, or find the links over at our main website,  SengokuDaimyo.com/Podcast, where we will have some more discussion on topics from this episode. Also, feel free to reach out to our Sengoku Daimyo Facebook page.  You can also email us at the.sengoku.daimyo@gmail.com.  Thank you, also, to Ellen for their work editing the podcast. And that's all for now.  Thank you again, and I'll see you next episode on Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  

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Vous aimez notre peau de caste ? Soutenez-nous ! https://www.lenouvelespritpublic.fr/abonnementUne émission de Philippe Meyer, enregistrée en public à l'École alsacienne le 15 mars 2026.Avec cette semaine :Jean-Louis Bourlanges, essayiste, ancien président de la Commission des Affaires étrangères de l'Assemblée nationale.Antoine Foucher, président de la société de conseil Quintet, spécialiste des questions sociales.Béatrice Giblin, directrice de la revue Hérodote et fondatrice de l'Institut Français de Géopolitique.Lionel Zinsou, ancien Premier ministre du Bénin et président de la fondation Terra Nova.ENTRE L'UKRAINE ET L'IRAN, LA GUERRE A-T-ELLE CHANGE DE NATURE ?Il y a deux semaines, le 28 février, Israël a déclenché contre l'Iran une attaque dite « préventive » coordonnée avec les Etats-Unis. En la baptisant « Fureur épique » Donald Trump a fixé un objectif à cette opération : « Défendre le peuple américain en éliminant les menaces imminentes posées par le régime iranien », qualifié de « sponsor d'État numéro 1 du terrorisme ». Ni le caractère « imminent » de ces menaces, ni ce en quoi elles concernent les Etats-Unis n'a été établi.Il y a quatre ans, lorsque la Russie a lancé son invasion massive de l'Ukraine, certains se sont demandé si le monde n'entrait pas dans une troisième guerre mondiale. Avec l'actuelle guerre avec Iran, la même inquiétude refait surface.Cette guerre concerne déjà plus d'une douzaine de pays de la région : Outre l'Iran et Israël, des missiles ou des drones ont frappé les Emirats arabes unis, l'Arabie saoudite, le Qatar, Bahrein, la Jordanie, le Koweit et Oman. Au Liban, les forces terrestres israéliennes poursuivent leurs opérations contre le Hezbollah. À Chypre, Iran a lancé une attaque de drones contre une base militaire britannique. Des missiles balistiques ont été interceptés en Turquie. En Irak, les milices pro-iraniennes entretiennent l'instabilité. Un soldat français a été tué. L'Azerbaïdjan a désormais été touché. Les Iraniens pourraient finir par entraîner le Yémen dans le conflit. C'est, de loin, la guerre du Golfe la plus étendue à ce jour.Zelensky a reconnu qu'une guerre prolongée avec l'Iran pourrait avoir un impact sur les livraisons américaines de munitions pour les systèmes de défense antiaérienne fournis à l'Ukraine par ses alliés occidentaux afin de défendre ses infrastructures essentielles, notamment énergétiques. En quatre ans de guerre, Kyiv a mis au point une gamme d'intercepteurs efficaces, bon marché et considérés comme étant parmi les plus avancés du monde, conçus pour détruire en vol les drones d'attaque Shahed de conception iranienne. Les États-Unis, le Qatar et les Émirats arabes unis ont récemment fait appel à l'expertise ukrainienne pour leur lutte contre les drones iraniens. Face à l'épuisement de leurs stocks de missiles Patriot, les intercepteurs bon marché conçus par Kyiv représentent un atout stratégique majeur pour la sécurité de la navigation.Pour le politologue Frédéric Charillon, en Ukraine ou en Iran, il s'agit de guerres choisies, c'est-à-dire qu'aucune raison immédiate de sécurité nationale n'imposait. Ils en tire d'ores et déjà trois leçons : les alliances ne valent plus rien et la possession de l'arme atomique semble demeurer la dernière garantie de sécurité ; l'Occident n'est plus un facteur de stabilité, sa parole est démonétisée, on regardera donc ailleurs ; enfin l'emploi démesuré de la force par les candidats à l'hégémonie impose de nouveaux partenariats, même contre-nature, pour les contenir.Chaque semaine, Philippe Meyer anime une conversation d'analyse politique, argumentée et courtoise, sur des thèmes nationaux et internationaux liés à l'actualité. Pour en savoir plus : www.lenouvelespritpublic.frHébergé par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Young Adults

What do the fall of Venezuela’s Maduro regime and the war with Iran mean for China? On this episode of The Truth with Lisa Boothe, Lisa is joined by China expert and bestselling author Gordon Chang to break down the geopolitical ripple effects of Operation Epic Fury and President Trump’s foreign policy moves. Chang explains how China has relied on Iran and Venezuela as strategic proxies, why Chinese weapons and defense systems have failed against U.S. and Israeli forces, and how losing discounted oil from those regimes could hit China’s struggling economy. They also dive into the biggest question: Does this make China more or less likely to invade Taiwan? Chang analyzes Xi Jinping’s political vulnerabilities, the turmoil inside China’s military leadership, and the growing risk of conflict with the United States. Plus, they discuss China’s surveillance state, potential internal unrest, and why this moment could be a turning point in the global balance of power.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In today's episode, we dive deep into Christina Chang's artistic evolution—from the "mental gymnastics" of navigating a year-and-a-half between projects to the bold decision to turn down a lucrative travel hosting contract to stay true to her acting roots. You'll hear the riveting behind-the-scenes story of how she won over Dick Wolf during a high-stakes "test" after a disastrous first take, and how she navigated playing the "mom of the century" in the global sensation Heated Rivalry. Whether you know her from her seven-season run as Dr. Audrey Lim on The Good Doctor or are curious what it's like to be part of an overnight phenomenon like Heated Rivalry, you won't want to miss Christina's candid perspective on what it really takes to build a lasting career in this business. These are the unforgettable stories that landed Christina Chang right here. Credits: Heated Rivalry The Good Doctor Unstable Random Hearts 24 Live Free or Die Hard Rizzoli & Isles Lucifer NCIS Nashville Revenge Desperate Housewives Suits Private Practice Guest Links: IMDB: Christina Chang, Actress, Producer THAT ONE AUDITION'S LINKS: For exclusive content surrounding this and all podcast episodes, sign up for our amazing newsletter at AlyshiaOchse.com. And don't forget to snap and post a photo while listening to the show and tag me: @alyshiaochse & @thatoneaudition THE BRIDGE FOR ACTORS: Become a WORKING ACTOR - 50% THE PRACTICE TRACK: Membership to Practice Weekly CONSULTING: Get 1-on-1 advice for your acting career from Alyshia Ochse COACHING: Get personalized coaching from Alyshia on your next audition or role INSTAGRAM: @alyshiaochse INSTAGRAM: @thatoneaudition WEBSITE: AlyshiaOchse.com APPLE PODCASTS: Subscribe to That One Audition on Apple Podcasts SPOTIFY: Subscribe to That One Audition on Spotify STITCHER: Subscribe to That One Audition on Stitcher EPISODE CREDITS: Host/Producer: Alyshia Ochse Writer: Maddie McCormick WEBSITE & GRAPHICS: Chase Jennings SOCIAL: Alara Cerikcioglu

In this episode of Take-Away with Sam Oches, Sam talks with Jim Mazany, CEO of P.F. Chang's, a pan-Asian bistro concept that has grown to about 200 locations in 30-plus years. P.F. Chang's has experienced a lot of turnover in the C-Suite recently, and the business has clearly suffered for it; sales have been trending down the past couple of years. Jim was hired late last year to help lead a turnaround, and he brought a sterling resume with him: He's spent three-plus decades in full service, including stops at SPB Hospitality, TGI Fridays, and Joe's Crab Shack. Jim joined the podcast to talk about the early wins in his first few months on the job and about what his past experiences have taught him about jumpstarting restaurant companies.In this conversation, you'll find out why:Talent walks in your door every single dayRestaurant turnarounds start with employeesYour own off-premises business may be getting in your wayHolidays offer the perfect spark to jumpstart a brandHave feedback or ideas for Take-Away? Email Sam at sam.oches@informa.com.

Last week we explored how people with pain move. Drs Ruth Chang and JP Caneiro explained cognitive functional therapy, or CFT, as an approach to helping people in pain explore their beliefs with curiosity. Today, we take the discussion further, exploring what CFT could do for your practice. Dr Chang is a postdoctoral research fellow at Curtin University in Perth, Australia, and a specialist musculoskeletal physiotherapist. Dr Caneiro is a specialist physiotherapist, Adjunct Senior Clinical Researcher at Curtin University, and Director and Educator at Evoolve Pain Care Academy. ------------------------------ RESOURCES RESTORE trial: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37146623/ Patterns of change in forward bending, and pain self-efficacy during CFT: https://www.jospt.org/doi/10.2519/jospt.2025.13114 Relationship between forward bending and improvement in pain and disability during CFT: https://www.jospt.org/doi/10.2519/jospt.2024.12727 Network meta-analysis of tailored exercise therapies with or without psychological interventions: https://www.jospt.org/doi/10.2519/jospt.2025.13281

Elle a accompagné des centaines de milliers de femmes à arrêter les régimes — voici ce qu'elle leur dit vraimentJulie Chenu, diététicienne nutritionniste depuis près de 10 ans, a elle-même vécu une relation difficile avec son corps et son alimentation. Aujourd'hui, elle accompagne des femmes à retrouver un équilibre alimentaire durable — sans frustration, sans privation, et surtout sans culpabilité.---✨ Ce que vous allez découvrir dans cet épisode :

Les âmes échangés (par rav Lévy) by Rav David Touitou

John Chang shares his five-year outlook for commercial real estate and reflects on the future forces that could shape the industry. He explains how AI, geopolitical uncertainty, and stock market valuations may influence economic growth, investor behavior, and commercial real estate demand. Chang also breaks down sector-specific expectations, noting that multifamily may offer strong opportunities at today's repriced valuations, while office and industrial will likely remain more selective and market dependent. He concludes that despite economic and political uncertainty, commercial real estate may outperform stocks over the next five to ten years for investors who buy assets in today's market conditions. Visit ⁠trustetc.com/bestever⁠ for more info. Book your free demo today at bill.com/bestever and get a $100 Amazon gift card. Visit ⁠www.tribevestisc.com⁠ for more info. Try QUO for free PLUS get 20% off your first 6 months when you go to quo.com/BESTEVER  Join the Best Ever Community  The Best Ever Community is live and growing - and we want serious commercial real estate investors like you inside. It's free to join, but you must apply and meet the criteria.  Connect with top operators, LPs, GPs, and more, get real insights, and be part of a curated network built to help you grow. Apply now at⁠ ⁠⁠⁠www.bestevercommunity.com⁠⁠ Podcast production done by⁠ ⁠Outlier Audio⁠ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Randy Chang '28 delivered a SEVEN Talk at the 2025 Alumni Forum in Chapel Hill on October 19. Randy is a mathematics and politics double major at Carolina. About SEVEN TalksEvery class of Morehead-Cain Scholars connects with seven others: the three classes ahead, its own, and the three that follow. The idea of SEVEN is to strengthen connections across generations of Morehead-Cains.The Alumni Forum embodies this spirit through SEVEN Talks—seven alumni and scholars on Saturday, and seven more on Sunday—each sharing seven minutes of wisdom with the Morehead-Cain community.How to listenOn your mobile device, you can listen and subscribe to Catalyze on Apple Podcasts or Spotify. For any other podcast app, you can find the show using our RSS feed. You can let us know what you thought of the episode by finding us on social media @moreheadcain or you can email us at communications@moreheadcain.org.     

LIMOVA.AI, l'IA au service de votre entreprise https://www.limova.ai/Yoan Drahy n'a pas fait HEC. Il n'a pas levé des millions avant de vendre. Il a juste trouvé comment vendre des agents IA à des TPE françaises — et il fait maintenant 1 million d'euros de revenus par mois.Dans cet épisode, il raconte tout : le go-to-market pirate, la crise de tréso que personne ne voit venir, la levée de 2 millions en 15 jours après un passage dans Les Gendes, et pourquoi il mise maintenant tout sur les États-Unis.Radiographie d'un outsider qui a piraté la French Tech.

Tune in here to this Friday’s edition of the Brett Winterble Show! Brett kicks off the program with Pete Kaliner for this edition of The Hangover as they discuss a controversial House vote in which 53 Democrats opposed a non-binding resolution declaring Iran a state sponsor of terrorism. The conversation centers on the political implications of the vote and why such a large bloc of Democrats would take that position despite the optics. Brett reads details of the measure, introduced by Rep. Brian Mast, noting it passed overwhelmingly 372–53, with all “no” votes coming from Democrats, including high-profile progressives like Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, Ilhan Omar, Rashida Tlaib, and Ayanna Pressley. Later Brett is joined by Gordon G. Chang the world of foreign policy analysis to discuss mounting geopolitical pressure on China amid ongoing instability in the Middle East. Chang explains how efforts by President Trump to weaken China’s global influence include targeting key allies and proxies such as Venezuela, Iran, Cuba, and Chinese operations in Panama and Latin America. The conversation turns to energy markets, with Chang noting that disruptions in the Strait of Hormuz are driving up fuel costs in China, threatening an economy already struggling with debt and slowing growth. Listen here for all of this and more on The Brett Winterble Show! For more from Brett Winterble check out his YouTube channel. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

你相信女性更擅长照顾地球吗？你认同知识生产、环境治理也是性别化的吗？你觉得应对气候变化、实现公正转型需要怎样的性别变革？本期节目，我们邀请到莫纳什大学可持续发展研究博士生、公众号“谁的好天气”联合创办者心忆，为我们系统梳理近五十年来，性别与环境交叉理论的发展脉络。我们也讨论了不同理论的启示与局限，以及超前的理论如何指导落地的实践。祝大家三八国际妇女节快乐，愿这些理论的种子，能在我们保护自然、应对气候变化的行动中生根发芽，让性别正义成为环境治理的底色。【本期剧透】 00:00 线下活动推荐：“琴声筑梦，薪火相传”——六位琴童慈善音乐会一场由孩子主导，为梦想奏响的爱心盛宴我们是如何走近性别与环境这一议题的？04:16 乐园：传统性别分工增加了农村女性空气污染的健康负担05:58 心忆：在做生物多样性保护的工作中，我意识到无法撇开人类社会谈自然保护08:56 何弦：突破传统叙事，《荒野机器人》如何理解自然系统、照护弱小生命性别与环境交叉理论的流变16:09 两条重要的脉络：性别研究与发展学17:44 1970年代：女性被结构性地压迫和“女性在发展中”（Women in Development）；生态女性主义萌芽19:36 1980年代：性别是社会互动的产物（Doing Gender)，从女性参与经济到“社会性别与发展”（Gender and Development）；生态女性主义强调女性与自然的联结23:07 生态女性主义（Ecofeminism）的批判和启发：强调女性作为自然资源的管理者，是否忽视了女性群体的多样性，加深了女性的无偿劳动负担？强调联结是一种策略，呼吁女性在自然保护中的发声、参与和决策35:10 1990年代：表演性和交叉性推动性别定义复杂化，“性别主流化”(Gender Mainstreaming）成为全球战略；女性主义政治生态学（Feminist Political Ecology）产生，将性别纳入知识和话语生产、资源管理、治理制度40:04 IPCC报告揭示知识生产中的性别偏差*44:20 2000年代：性别研究转向物质性，“性别变革理论”试图突破现有的社会规范和权力关系；女性主义政治生态学加入“后殖民”、“去殖民”的视角56:42 2010年代至今：可持续发展目标整合全球共识；性别与气候治理融合，正义成为关键议题59:02 为什么科学技术不一定是性别中性的？63:27 性别融入气候治理的现实困境：资源分配、理论与实践的距离理论学习的启发71:47心忆：将理论落于具体的在地的情景75:07 乐园&何弦：重新认识可持续发展目标的意义与“想象力”的力量*勘误：IPCC第七次评估报告（AR7）作者中，女性占比为46%，其中第二工作组（影响、适应和脆弱性）52%的作者为女性）。第六次评估报告中女性作者总体占比为33%。【延伸阅读】 公众号 谁的好天气 在这四个时刻，我看见环境与性别议题的交织公众号 UltraViolet紫外 《女性主义生态学》（上、中、下）Diana Ojeda, Padini Nirmal, Dianne Rocheleau, Jody Emel. 2022. Feminist Ecologies. Annual Review Environment and Resources. 47:149-171. Lau, J.D., Kleiber, D., Lawless, S. et al. Gender equality in climate policy and practice hindered by assumptions. Nat. Clim. Chang. 11, 186–192 (2021).Carbon Brief（Ayesha Tandon）：IPCC's special report on cities is its first with majority-women authorship team.UNFPA：Four takeaways from COP30: Advances for gender equality and healthUN Women：The Climate Change Gender Action Plan: What's at stake at COP30 Ting Wang: The Absence of Gendered Management of Climate Change in China Nature：Gender bias and representation in climate science and the IPCC 书籍：韦清琦、李家銮（2019）《生态女性主义》电影：《荒野机器人》、《哈姆奈特》、《奥兰多》、《永不妥协》【创作团队】 嘉宾：赵心忆策划：何弦、乐园主持：何弦、乐园 后期：乐园《不成气候No Such Climate》是一档广泛地关注气候变化、空气污染等大气科学议题与时事热点、社会生活的相交点的播客。【收听方式】 欢迎通过苹果播客、小宇宙、Spotify、Pocket Casts等泛用型播客客户端订阅我们的节目。我们也会在喜马拉雅、荔枝播客、QQ音乐、豆瓣等平台同步更新。【联系我们】 小红书@不成气候NoSuchClimate 微信公众号 不成气候No Such Climate nosuchclimate@gmail.com

Billabong Throw Ons Presents... Cop the amount of primo shit going down in surf this week! The ABB Grand Final at Burleigh promises insane waves and blood feuds deluxe! The Chang winds up in Newy and the Aussies are well placed to claim every qualifying spot left! Goat wins his own Stab in the Dark on a board that looked a 3rd at best. And Shane Dorian has recharged the rig and is ready for a second coming. All that and heaps more. Let’s fuggen go!See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Tune in here to this Friday’s edition of the Brett Winterble Show! Brett is joined by Gordon G. Chang the world of foreign policy analysis to discuss mounting geopolitical pressure on China amid ongoing instability in the Middle East. Chang explains how efforts by President Trump to weaken China’s global influence include targeting key allies and proxies such as Venezuela, Iran, Cuba, and Chinese operations in Panama and Latin America. The conversation turns to energy markets, with Chang noting that disruptions in the Strait of Hormuz are driving up fuel costs in China, threatening an economy already struggling with debt and slowing growth. Brett asks whether Chinese leader Xi Jinping might escalate tensions, possibly toward Taiwan, but Chang argues the People’s Liberation Army is currently weakened by internal purges and not capable of a full-scale invasion. They also examine Japan’s increasingly firm stance against Beijing and political tensions in South Korea. The interview ends abruptly due to technical difficulties before Chang can offer final indicators to watch in the unfolding geopolitical situation. Listen here for all of this and more on The Brett Winterble Show! For more from Brett Winterble check out his YouTube channel. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Sid speaks with China expert Gordon Chang about the growing conflict with Iran and why the real long-term strategy may be aimed at China. Chang explains how Iran has acted as a proxy for Chinese interests, why Beijing has stayed quiet during the conflict, and why he believes China's military and leadership are weaker than many assume. The conversation also touches on Russia's limitations, the global oil market, and what President Trump's broader foreign policy strategy could mean for America and its allies. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

durée : 00:04:19 - Le Grand reportage de France Inter - C'est la ville vitrine du Rassemblement national : Perpignan et ses 120 000 habitants. Le maire sortant, Louis Aliot, repart face à des concurrents divisés. Mais quel est son bilan ? Loin des discours nationaux offensifs, le maire a veillé à ne pas faire de vague et opéré par petites touches. Vous aimez ce podcast ? Pour écouter tous les autres épisodes sans limite, rendez-vous sur Radio France.

Five days into Operation Epic Fury, Iran has no navy, no air force, and a revolving door of dead defense ministers. Sen. Jim Talent walks through the American interests at stake, the global ripple effects on Russia and China, and why this won't become another forever war. Plus, Marco Rubio takes on the press corps and threatens to unleash Chang.Watch this episode here. (00:00) - Part I (00:55) - Operation Epic Fury (04:58) - Talent on U.S. national security interests (09:33) - Squeezing Russia and China simultaneously (14:07) - Israel's intelligence coup in Tehran (20:36) - Iran's navy and sub destroyed (25:27) - Iran's failing strategy and Iron Beam (30:50) - Part II (31:30) - Rubio briefs Congress on the strikes (46:00) - Media obsession with the Israel angle (53:00) - War Powers Act and presidential authority

Sid speaks with China expert Gordon Chang about the growing conflict with Iran and why the real long-term strategy may be aimed at China. Chang explains how Iran has acted as a proxy for Chinese interests, why Beijing has stayed quiet during the conflict, and why he believes China's military and leadership are weaker than many assume. The conversation also touches on Russia's limitations, the global oil market, and what President Trump's broader foreign policy strategy could mean for America and its allies. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

What if the secret to truly impactful fatherhood isn't about being perfect but about being present, vulnerable, and intentional?In this episode, Ned's friend, dad and entrepreneur "Hype Man Dan" Chang shares how his own painful childhood fuels his deep commitment to his kids, to revealing the subtle but powerful shifts that transformed his marriage and parenting. His story is a reminder: your legacy can be rewritten, starting today.Timestamps:00:00 - Welcome and introduction to Dan's journey02:10 - Feeling young at heart despite age03:11 - Highlights from pickleball rivalries & lessons in resilience04:05 - The importance of carving out time with family and friends05:23 - The value of real, honest conversations in male relationships06:39 - What Dan does for a living: Collectibles, art, and entrepreneurship08:15 - From corporate sales to high-end collectibles - Dan's hustle09:33 - The art and value of Magic: The Gathering and rare trading cards10:24 - The significance of original artwork and grading in collectibles11:56 - Wisdom for entrepreneurs and dads: Perseverance & authenticity12:29 - Overcoming childhood poverty and rejection to build a legacy14:43 - The impact of absent fathers and the importance of presence16:01 - Appreciation and lessons learned from Dan's dad18:12 - Healing from past abuse and breaking the cycle of generational trauma20:00 - The power of empathy, forgiveness, and choosing a positive legacy22:13 - How Dan's family history influences his parenting style24:55 - The importance of forgiving past hurts for healing and growth27:01 - Building trust and meaningful bonds with stepchildren28:51 - Embracing imperfect fatherhood and intentional presence31:29 - The significance of instinct, action, and calm leadership34:24 - Self-awareness, humility, and growth as a dad37:00 - Navigating marriage challenges and personal development40:23 - Supporting children's unique spiritual journeys43:53 - The character traits and skills Dan hopes for his sons45:11 - Honesty, trustworthiness, and the importance of authenticity46:32 - Cultivating human connection and critical thinking in children48:57 - Rebel and create: Disrupting selfishness and promoting service51:04 - Practicing gratitude, presence, and small acts of kindness55:05 - Investing early in legacy and financial wisdom58:47 - Teaching kids about money, consumption, and delayed gratification60:17 - Practical advice for fathers on vulnerability and being present61:37 - The ultimate reward of family connection and authentic love---------This episode is sponsored by Genesis - a Rite of Passage by Rise Up KingsOrder The Adventure of Fatherhood children's book hereCheck out the TEDx----------Want to learn more about The Adventure of Fatherhood?www.adventureoffatherhood.comwww.rebelandcreate.comEach week Ned sits down with a dad and asks him to open up his field notes and share with other men who find themselves on the Adventure of Fatherhood. Don't forget to subscribe and leave a review!Follow us:Instagram: www.instagram.com/fatherhoodfieldnotesYouTube: www.youtube.com/@FatherhoodfieldnotesFacebook: www.facebook.com/rebelandcreateMentioned in this episode:Rise Up Kings Genesis - a rite of passage experience for young menThis episode was brought to you by Genesis - a rite of passage for boys becoming men - by Rise Up Kings.

In the decades since his untimely passing at the age of thirty-two, Bruce Lee's body of work has grown to an undeniably lasting legacy. He went on to become globally recognized after his death, his influence acting as a cultural bridge between the East and West – popularizing martial arts and providing inspiration and momentum for a new arena of Western martial arts films. While the impact of his work can be seen across genres and generations, cultural historian and journalist Jeff Chang is hoping to highlight the barrier-breaking importance of Bruce Lee's life to the development of Asian American identity over the last fifty years. In his new biography, Water Mirror Echo: Bruce Lee and the Making of Asian America, Chang highlights areas of Bruce Lee's story that have been overshadowed by acclaim. Chang unpacks the stark reality of Bruce Lee as a baby born in segregated San Francisco and a youth living in war-ravaged, fight-crazy Hong Kong. As he found his way back to America as a teenager, Bruce Lee embraced West Coast counterculture and meshed it with the Asian worldviews and philosophies that reared him. Water Mirror Echo – a title inspired by Bruce Lee's own way of moving, being, and responding to the world – explores how these transitions and unique vantage points created a figure whose very presence helped shape the idea of what being an Asian in America is, at a critical time in the early development of the culture. Chang presents this new work in conversation with a panel of figures directly affected by Lee's life– activist and former student Sue Ann Kay, long-time friend Doug Palmer, and daughter Shannon Lee. Water Mirror Echo layers an expertly collected archive of Lee's life with a thoughtfully nuanced analysis of the way Lee defied stereotypes and expectations. The complex biography draws from in-depth interviews, thousands of newly available personal documents, and features dozens of photographs from the family's archive, brought together by Chang's pursuit of heartfelt authenticity. Water Mirror Echo explores the man behind the iconography and shows Lee's growing fame ushering in something even more enduring: the creation of Asian America. Jeff Chang is an award-winning writer, host, and cultural organizer. His previous books include the critically acclaimed Can't Stop Won't Stop: A History of the Hip-Hop Generation, Who We Be: A Cultural History of Race in Post Civil Rights America, and We Gon' Be Alright: Notes on Race and Resegregation. Chang has been a Lucas Artist Fellow and has received the American Book Award, the Asian American Literary Award, and the USA Ford Fellowship in Literature. He is the host of the podcasts Edge of Reason and Notes from the Edge. His bylines have appeared in the New York Times, the Wall Street Journal, the Washington Post, The Guardian, and more. Shannon Lee is an author, producer, speaker, and acts as the steward of her father's legacy. She is the founder and president of the Bruce Lee Foundation and the host of the Bruce Lee Podcast as well as the short-form podcast A Little Leeway. Her published books include the philosophical guide Be Water, My Friend, and the YA fantasy novel Breath of the Dragon. Doug Palmer is a retired lawyer and the author of the memoir Bruce Lee: Sifu, Friend, and Big Brother published by Seattle-based Chin Music Press. He grew up in Seattle, where he met and learned gung fu from Bruce Lee. While attending Yale University, he spent a summer with Bruce and his family in Hong Kong. After graduating with a major in Chinese Studies and obtaining a law degree from Harvard Law School, he worked in Tokyo for 4-1/2 years. Sue Ann Kay is a third-generation Chinese American with family roots to early Seattle Chinatown (late 1800s) and the current Chinatown International District (CID). She was Bruce Lee's first female student, relishing lessons that included Chinese philosophy and martial arts. Kay is currently involved with grassroots groups like the CID Coalition (aka "Humbows not Hotels") and Eggrolls. She is also a singer with the Seattle Raging Grannies.   Buy the Book Water Mirror Echo: Bruce Lee and the Making of Asian America Wing Luke Museum Presented by Town Hall Seattle and Wing Luke Museum.  

In this episode of the Neuroveda podcast for Complex Health, Gillian Ehrlich, family nurse practitioner certified in Ayurveda and functional medicine at Neuroveda Health in Seattle, sits down with Dr. Kiki Chang, MD, child, adolescent, and adult psychiatrist specializing in mood and neuropsychiatric disorders.Dr. Chang brings 26 years of experience, including creating and running research programs and clinics at Stanford University focused on Pediatric Bipolar Disorder and PANS/PANDAS. Together, they unpack what “neuropsychiatric” really means, how to tell the difference between typical development and symptoms that are interrupting a child's life, and why the biology matters, especially when kids change suddenly.They cover what PANS and PANDAS are, why acute onset and “comorbidity” are such important clues, what a thoughtful clinical workup can look like, and how treatment often spans more than one lane, including infection evaluation, anti-inflammatory strategies, and immunomodulatory approaches when appropriate. Dr. Chang also shares why advocacy and education remain central to progress in this field and how families can find credible resources and care.Dr. Chang is currently in private practice offering consultations, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment for children, adolescents, and adults. His goal is to distill what he learned in academia into an approach that views psychiatric illness as biological while recognizing psychological input to treatment is important as well. He continues to research and consult for organizations including law firms, pharmaceutical companies, and private foundations.To contact Dr. Chang and his practice, visit www.kikichangmd.com

Cet animal, c'est le renard qu'on appelait goupil jusqu'au XIIe siècle. "Goupil" que l'on disait "gulpil" au Moyen Âge, est une évolution de "vulpes", terme latin pour désigner justement un renard. Dans "Ah Ouais ?", Florian Gazan répond en une minute chrono à toutes les questions essentielles, existentielles, parfois complètement absurdes, qui vous traversent la tête. Un podcast RTL Originals.Hébergé par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

durée : 01:19:29 - Les Nuits de France Culture - par : Mathias Le Gargasson - En 1962, Marguerite Duras choisit et présente elle-même des extraits de ses œuvres. Un exercice délicat et personnel qui offre un éclairage unique sur son travail, d' "Un barrage contre le Pacifique" au "Vice-consul" en passant par "Hiroshima mon amour", un tournant dans sa pratique d'écriture. - réalisation : Vincent Abouchar - invités : Marguerite Duras Écrivaine, dramaturge et cinéaste française

L'atelier des médias reçoit l'historien Guillaume Pinson pour explorer la « révolution anthropologique » du journal papier, de son triomphe au XIXe siècle à sa disparition progressive face au numérique. Dans L'adieu au journal (CNRS éditions, 2026), cet universitaire québécois raconte comment l'ère médiatique, qui a précédé l'ère numérique, a radicalement changé nos émotions, nos sensibilités sonores et notre rapport au temps. L'ouvrage s'articule autour de quatre mouvements. Le premier explore les émotions. Pour Guillaume Pinson, la presse papier n'a pas seulement apporté de l'information, elle a agi comme le « premier système affectif de masse ». En lisant quotidiennement les mêmes nouvelles, « l'humanité a appris à ressentir le monde de manière synchronisée ». Ce « désir de connexion » de 1850 a tout d'un ancêtre direct de notre addiction aux notifications. Quand le papier faisait du bruit Le deuxième mouvement est plus surprenant : le journal était une « machine sonore ». Avant le gramophone, il était la « machine à enregistrer les sons la plus performante ». Par l'invention de l'interview (la parole vive) ou la publication de partitions musicales, le journal « sonorisait » le réel. Guillaume Pinson évoque ainsi le rôle des crieurs de rue qui « chantaient les titres en occupant l'espace sonore urbain ». Un empire de papier francophone L'auteur décrit ensuite un « empire de papier » francophone mondial. Au XIXe siècle, le français était la langue du luxe et de la diplomatie. « La dimension médiatique du territoire francophone s'étirait presque à l'infini », de Shanghai à Rio. Ce réseau fonctionnait déjà par un système de « copier-coller », créant une véritable toile mondiale bien avant l'avènement d'Internet. La fin de la respiration temporelle La rupture la plus vive concerne notre rapport au temps. Le journal imposait des pauses, un rythme marqué par le fameux « À suivre » des romans feuilletons. Selon Guillaume Pinson, « nous avons perdu un certain rapport à cette respiration temporelle un peu forcée que nous imposait le journal ». L'historien n'oublie pas la face sombre de cette industrie, rappelant le sort de ces enfants qui distribuaient le journal pour un maigre revenu. Et que l'on peut mettre en parallèle avec les enfants qui au XXIe siècle travaillent dans des mines pour extraire les métaux qui permettent de fabriquer nos appareils électroniques.

Vous avez raté l'épisode d'hier ? Vous n'avez pas le temps d'écouter la version intégrale ? Pas d'inquiétude, Happy Work LE RÉSUMÉ est là !!!En moins de 2 minutes, l'épisode d'hier est résumé !!!!NOUVEAU : retrouvez moi sur WhatsApp sur la chaîne Happy Work... pas de spam, c'est gratuit et il n'y a que du feelgood !!! : https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VbBSSbM6BIEm0yskHH2gEt pour retrouver tous mes contenus, tests, articles, vidéos : cliquez iciDÉCOUVREZ MON AUTRE PODCAST, HAPPY MOI – Développement personnel & bien-être au quotidien: bio.to/oYwOeESoutenez ce podcast http://supporter.acast.com/happy-work. Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Je me souviens parfaitement de cette réunion. Parce qu'en une phrase, une personne de mon équipe a renversé ma façon de manager.“On comprend les objectifs… mais on ne comprend plus le sens.”Dans cet épisode, je vous raconte cette histoire vraie et ce qu'elle m'a appris sur un piège fréquent du management : confondre protection et contrôle, piloter la performance… et oublier le ressenti.Et surtout, je vous partage ce que j'ai changé concrètement : l'ordre des réunions, les questions à poser, le silence utile, les signaux faibles… et cette idée simple : le sens ne se décrète pas, il se co-construit.NOUVEAU : retrouvez moi sur WhatsApp sur la chaîne Happy Work... pas de spam, c'est gratuit et il n'y a que du feelgood !!! : https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VbBSSbM6BIEm0yskHH2gEt pour retrouver tous mes contenus, tests, articles, vidéos : www.gchatelain.comDÉCOUVREZ MON AUTRE PODCAST, HAPPY MOI, LE PODCAST POUR PRENDRE SOIN DE VOUS, VRAIMENT: lnk.to/sT70cYréunion d'équipe management sens au travail motivation leadership sécurité psychologique communication managériale écoute Happy Work00:00 – La phrase qui a tout changé 01:25 – “On ne comprend plus le sens” 02:45 – Protection vs contrôle 03:50 – Changer l'ordre des réunions 04:45 – Les signaux faibles 06:40 – Le sens se co-construit 07:55 – Ce qu'il faut retenir de cet épisodeSoutenez ce podcast http://supporter.acast.com/happy-work. Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

On Wednesday's Mark Levin Show, no more fan dancing around with Iran. They have no intention of honoring agreements and is reconstituting its nuclear program with help from allies like China, Russia, and North Korea.  There is overwhelming U.S. military superiority in the region. This is not about endless wars or interventionism but confronting a clear, existential threat. Leaving this weakened regime in place betrays future generations, as it will never abandon its nuclear ambitions aimed at America. Enough is enough—it is time to act decisively. The moment is now. Also, President Trump's State of the Union speech was suburb. He hit a lot of core, important topics for Americans. Democrats refused to stand when Trump asked – do you stand with Americans or illegal aliens? Later, Democrats are accusing Trump of trying to rig the election. How? Because he wants voter ID? Because he wants clean voter rolls? Afterward, Biden's FBI subpoenaed the phone records of Kash Patel and Susie Wiles in 2022 and 2023, when both were private citizens, as part of Special Counsel Jack Smith phony investigation into Trump.  This is outrageous and alarming. Finally, Gordon Chang calls in and discusses China's supply of advanced weaponry to Iran, including hypersonic anti-ship cruise missiles, advanced radars, integrated command systems, and anti-air missiles. He warns that these capabilities, particularly the untested hypersonic missiles, pose a grave threat to U.S. naval forces in the region currently deployed off Iran. Chang argues that the U.S. must strike and remove the Iranian regime quickly—before these missiles are fully deployed—to avoid potentially catastrophic losses. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Will Lisa & Eddie find love the second time around? Mo from Mo's Tropical Warehouse & Cafe in St. Paul joins us for our Restaurant Rescue Week daily feature See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Francesca Chang is a lawyer, former travel blogger, and entrepreneur who sued the U.S. Department of Education to discharge nearly $260,000 in student loan debt. In this episode, Francesca shares what it was like to declare bankruptcy, represent herself pro se, and fight for relief in a system with a historic 0.1 percent success rate.Lawyer Side HustlesBefore pursuing bankruptcy relief, Francesca built multiple careers outside traditional practice. From legal marketing to entrepreneurship to travel blogging in Taiwan, she consistently followed alignment over expectation.“Don't let the debt keep you strapped to something you don't want to do,” Francesca Chang expresses in Episode 233 of You Are a Lawyer.Her journey reflects the broader YAAL theme that a law degree is a tool, not a cage. Whether building businesses abroad or litigating pro se against the Department of Education, Francesca's path demonstrates that lawyers can redefine success on their own terms.This episode is produced by Skip the Boring Stuff, a podcast strategy company for business owners and creatives.

Send a textWhen you think about masculinity and vulnerability, you may not think they work together, but they do! And in this episode of Dem Bois Podcast, denim chang tells us how. He also shares personal experiences with conventional femininity, healing from toxic patterns, and the role of spirituality in healing processes. Together we discuss the importance of community care, the significance of names and pronouns, and the journey of gender identity and transition. We talk:Chapters05:56 - The significance of names and pronouns18:04 - The role of spirituality in healing35:35 - Embracing vertical alignment and masculinity43:44 - Creating a space for learning and growth47:22 - The journey of self-discovery55:59 - Visibility equals possibilityEpisode References:bell hooks Ep. 106 - Extracting Closure From a Past Situation with Shawn AaronAudre Lorde: Uses of the Erotic: The Erotic as Power@tboyskr1pclubRead more about denim in his bio below:denim {d} chang is a somatic trauma resolution practitioner and erotic power enthusiast. In his work, he bridges body-based intelligence, the ancestral wisdom of his taoist lineage, and his love for relationship anarchy to support our healing work in feeling more vulnerability, intimacy and belonging. He is the creator of Somatics for the People, an emerging school for liberatory embodiment and identifies as a transmasculine nonbinary immigrant and survivor on the autism spectrum, and a love and sex addict in recovery. When not avoiding his writing practice, he's in muay thai or at the drums.d-chang.comIG - huesofdenimsomaticsforthepeople.com Celebrate 10 years of Dem Bois Inc.! 2026 marks ten years of Dem Bois Inc. To honor this milestone, we invite you to join our 10 for 10 campaign by giving $10 a month to help sustain the care, leadership, and visibility that trans men of color deserve. Your support helps build a future rooted in care, visibility, and possibility. Donate today! Donate today to support Transmasc Gender Affirming Grants and Community Wellness Packages for Trans Men of Color! The Visibility = Possibility™️ Merch is here! - Not just merch, but a movement! Dem Bois Community Voices Facebook Group is a safe, moderated sanctuary where trans men of color can connect authentically, discuss podcast episodes, share powerful experiences, and build support networks. Dem Bois YouTube Channel! - @demboisinc - Exclusive content you won't find anywhere else!

Jung Chang's memoir Wild Swans, published in 1991, told the story of three generations of women in her family as they survived upheaval in 20th-century China. Now, Chang picks up her family's story in Fly, Wild Swans, which she was moved to write as her mother's health failed. In today's episode, Chang talks with Here & Now's Scott Tong about her inability to return to China, the biography of Mao she co-authored with her husband, and the Xi era.To listen to Book of the Day sponsor-free and support NPR's book coverage, sign up for Book of the Day+ at plus.npr.org/bookofthedayLearn more about sponsor message choices: podcastchoices.com/adchoicesNPR Privacy Policy

In Episode 41, the guys chat with friend of the show, Paul Chang. Paul's journey in the game of golf is quite remarkable and has led him to the #1 team in NCAA Division I Men's Golf and to being a Top 40 ranked amateur in the world. Through determination, hard work and grit, Paul is an inspiration and we hope this conversation will reveal the same thing to you.

durée : 00:14:44 - Journal de 8 h - Quatre ans après l'invasion russe en Ukraine, le conflit a fait des centaines de milliers de morts et les soldats sont toujours sur le front. Il s'agit du conflit le plus sanglant en Europe depuis la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale.

La elección del próximo rector de la USAC entra en su fase más tensa: votaciones estudiantiles históricas, planillas que arrasan en algunas facultades y una serie de maniobras que ponen en duda la transparencia del proceso.En este episodio de Tan Gente, Daniel Haering conversa con Rodolfo Chan sobre lo que realmente está pasando dentro de la universidad: la participación masiva de estudiantes, las trampas para bloquear elecciones, la estrategia detrás de las segundas vueltas y el pulso político que definirá quién controla la San Carlos.También hablamos de algo más personal y político a la vez: la criminalización de autoridades universitarias, los días en prisión y cómo el miedo se convirtió en herramienta para disciplinar voces críticas dentro de la academia.Un episodio para entender por qué la elección de la USAC no es solo un proceso universitario, sino una disputa clave por el futuro institucional del país.

durée : 00:14:44 - Journal de 8 h - Quatre ans après l'invasion russe en Ukraine, le conflit a fait des centaines de milliers de morts et les soldats sont toujours sur le front. Il s'agit du conflit le plus sanglant en Europe depuis la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale.

durée : 00:14:44 - Journal de 8 h - Quatre ans après l'invasion russe en Ukraine, le conflit a fait des centaines de milliers de morts et les soldats sont toujours sur le front. Il s'agit du conflit le plus sanglant en Europe depuis la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale.

À New York, autre chantier : face à un Detroit accrocheur et sans complexe qui occupe le trône de la conférence Est, que doivent ajuster les Knicks pour reprendre le contrôle et battre à nouveau les Pistons dans une probable confrontation en Playoffs cette année ?Avec Chris Singleton et Baptiste Denis.Jacques Monclar, Rémi Reverchon, Mary Patrux, Xavier Vaution, Fred Weis et Chris Singleton décryptent l'actualité de la NBA dans le Podcast NBA Extra, présenté par Nicolas Sarnak et Baptiste Denis.En complément de l'émission lancée en 2012, beIN SPORTS a créé, avec ce podcast, un nouveau format pour revenir en profondeur sur la ligue nord-américaine de basketball. Chaque semaine, les membres de l'émission débattent autour de trois thèmes majeurs, qui font l'actualité de la NBA.Un podcast à retrouver aussi sur Youtube : https://tinyurl.com/y4sabkns Hébergé par Audion. Visitez https://www.audion.fm/fr/privacy-policy pour plus d'informations.

Vous aimez notre peau de caste ? Soutenez-nous ! https://www.lenouvelespritpublic.fr/abonnementUne émission de Philippe Meyer, enregistrée au studio l'Arrière-boutique le 20 février 2026.Avec cette semaine :Jean-Louis Bourlanges, essayiste, ancien président de la Commission des Affaires étrangères de l'Assemblée nationale.Matthias Fekl, avocat et ancien ministre de l'Intérieur.Antoine Foucher, président de la société de conseil Quintet, spécialiste des questions sociales.Nicole Gnesotto, vice-présidente de l'Institut Jacques Delors.APRÈS MUNICH, PEUT-ON DIRE QUE LA DOCTRINE INTERNATIONALE DE TRUMP A CHANGÉ ?Du 13 au 15 février, le gotha des chefs d'État, généraux et chefs des services de renseignement s'est retrouvé lors de la 62ème conférence de Munich sur la sécurité qui se tient tous les ans dans la ville allemande au mois de février. Un an après le discours agressif vis-à-vis de l'Europe du vice-président JD Vance, les États-Unis ont envoyé à Munich des figures jugées plus modérées : le secrétaire d'État Marco Rubio et le sous-secrétaire à la Défense Eldridge Colby. Récemment, en présentant sa nouvelle Stratégie de sécurité nationale, le président américain s'était livré à une attaque en règle contre les Européens, menacés selon lui d'un « effacement civilisationnel ».Dans la première partie de son discours, prononcé le 14 février, Marco Rubio a d'abord « rassuré », en affirmant la permanence d'un lien transatlantique façonné par l'histoire et l'héritage culturel. Le chef de la diplomatie américaine a préféré citer la bière allemande, Beethoven et les Beatles plutôt que les Lumières, mais il a dit ce que cette assemblée voulait entendre : « La fin de l'ère transatlantique n'est ni notre but ni notre souhait. Nous serons toujours des enfants de l'Europe. »Puis, dans une seconde partie Marco Rubio a repris les thèmes de l'idéologie MAGA (« Make America Great Again »). Tout en prônant la revitalisation du lien avec une Europe « forte », le secrétaire d'État américain n'a pas changé de cap sur la menace qui, selon son administration, plane sur l'Occident. Les États-Unis sont « prêts, si nécessaire, à agir seuls », mais « nous préférons et espérons agir avec vous, nos amis ici en Europe », a-t-il assuré. Reflet de l'idéologie MAGA, Marco Rubio a énuméré les maux qui selon Washington accablent l'Europe : l'« immigration de masse » qui « déstabilise les sociétés », la « désindustrialisation », le développement intempestif de « l'État providence » et le « culte du climat ». Il a invité les Européens à s'associer aux efforts de M. Trump de redressement de « la civilisation occidentale » et prononcé un éloge marqué de la chrétienté. Par ailleurs, le responsable américain a réitéré la position de l'administration Trump selon laquelle l'ONU n'a joué « pratiquement aucun rôle » dans la résolution des conflits et a appelé à une réforme des institutions mondiales.Pour la presse allemande et française, le message de Marco Rubio ne différait pas tellement de celui du vice-président J. D. Vance. Si le ton était plus courtois, le fond du discours des responsables américains en revanche n'a guère changé. D'ailleurs, après Munich, Marco Rubio est allé soutenir des partenaires plus réceptifs à l'idéologie MAGA et plus rétifs aux valeurs européennes, en Slovaquie puis en Hongrie.DÉCLASSEMENT ÉCONOMIQUE FRANÇAIS : RÉALITÉ, PERCEPTION, PERSPECTIVESPour la troisième année consécutive, selon l'Insee, le PIB par habitant de la France se situe en dessous de la moyenne de l'Union européenne, consacrant un déclassement économique progressif mais désormais tangible. La France se situe au 34ème rang mondial et est désormais inférieure de 7 % à la moyenne européenne. Elle est notamment en retrait de 25 % par rapport à celle du Danemark, de 20 % par rapport à celle de la Suède, de 15 % par rapport à celle de l'Allemagne, de 0,5 % par rapport à celle de l'Italie. Par ailleurs, l'écart favorable vis-à-vis de la Pologne a été réduit de 60 % à 20 % depuis 2000. En clair, le niveau de vie des Français est bien inférieur à celui des Irlandais, des Allemands, des Belges et à peine supérieur à celui des Italiens, des Tchèques ou des Slovènes.Des données qui corroborent le dernier sondage Ipsos-BVA sur les « Fractures françaises » publié en octobre dans lequel 90 % des personnes interrogées ont le sentiment que le pays est en déclin, 32 % estimant même que celui-ci est irréversible. Dans le sondage Odoxa pour Challenges-Agipi-BFM Business du 8 janvier, 82 % des Français se montrent « défiants » sur la situation économique du pays. Avec de tels résultats, « la peur du déclassement atteint un niveau record », note Odoxa. 6 Français sur 10 estiment que leur situation sociale est pire que celles de leurs parents et 70% des 1.005 sondés parient que leurs enfants vivront moins bien qu'eux. C'est 3 points de plus qu'il y a un an et 22 de plus qu'il y a 30 ans. Ces résultats rejoignent les dernières enquêtes de conjoncture de l'Insee, selon lesquelles 64 % des Français ont une vue négative de l'avenir économique du pays. Il y a quelques années, ils n'étaient « que » 38 %. Cependant, l'enquête de l'Insee révélait mi-décembre que 74 % de ces sondés jugent que leur situation personnelle s'améliorera ou se stabilisera. Un niveau qui n'a pas changé au fil des ans.Dans un document publié le 6 janvier, les économistes de BNP Paribas estiment que le PIB pourrait progresser de 1,1 % sur l'année 2026. Sur le plan intérieur, la faiblesse de l'inflation pourrait soutenir le pouvoir d'achat et la consommation. « Une croissance résiliente mais pas suffisante », juge le gouverneur de la Banque de France, François Villeroy de Galhau. Notre taux de chômage reste plus élevé que celui atteint en moyenne dans l'Union européenne (6 %), avec des taux d'emploi préoccupants pour les jeunes et les seniors. L'emploi devrait progresser très faiblement, et le chômage remonter à 7,8 % à la mi-2026. Cette année encore, la grande incertitude concerne le comportement des ménages. S'il n'y a pas un redémarrage de la consommation, qui représente plus de la moitié du PIB, il sera difficile de trouver une dynamique. Pour l'heure, les ménages n'ont toujours pas puisé dans leur épargne qui se maintient à un niveau historiquement élevé (18,4 % du revenu disponible au troisième trimestre 2025).Chaque semaine, Philippe Meyer anime une conversation d'analyse politique, argumentée et courtoise, sur des thèmes nationaux et internationaux liés à l'actualité. Pour en savoir plus : www.lenouvelespritpublic.frHébergé par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Bienvenue dans La Leçon, le podcast sur l'art d'échouer. Cette semaine, je suis ravie de recevoir un collègue, un compatriote, un camarade du podcast game : Yann Delplanque ! Avec son podcast Dans La Boite A Gants, il est devenu la référence du podcast auto/moto. Aujourd'hui il fait plus de 250 Millions de vues et d'écoutes, et m'a confié avoir du mal à sélectionner un seul échec tant il les a cumulé. Alors je me suis dit qu'il réunissait tous les critères pour faire un parfait invité !Bonne écoute

durée : 00:53:27 - Grand bien vous fasse ! - par : Ali Rebeihi - Comment la bougeotte, l'envie d'aller voir ailleurs a modifié le cours de notre histoire et changé nos vies… Qu'est-ce qui nous a poussé à explorer le monde ? Le pouvoir, la gloire, la curiosité, la soif de savoir, l'émulation et la guerre commerciale entre nations… Vous aimez ce podcast ? Pour écouter tous les autres épisodes sans limite, rendez-vous sur Radio France.

This week on the KPL podcast we spoke with author Janie Chang about her latest novel, The Fourth Princess.  This is a gothic mystery set in Shanghai China during the early 1900's about two woman, Lisan comes to work for Caroline.  Slowly, things begin to unravel as both women learn about the people in their lives. Author ReadsIthica by Claire NorthHouse of Odysseus by Claire NorthThe Last Song of Penelope by Claire North

Aujourd'hui, dans cette nouvelle leçon du mercredi, je reçois Emilie Lagrange, fondatrice de Sikour.immo.Emilie a passé quinze ans dans l'immobilier. Elle connaît parfaitement les règles du jeu.Et pourtant, elle a décidé de les remettre en question.Avec Sikour, elle propose un modèle radicalement différent.Vendre sans agence. Mais jamais seul.Un accompagnement professionnel, au forfait, indépendant du prix du bien.Le projet est solide. L'expertise est là.Mais un obstacle majeur se dresse très vite : comment faire comprendre un modèle qui n'existe pas encore dans l'esprit du public ?Emilie créer du contenu. Elle explique. Elle vulgarise.Mais sur les réseaux sociaux, cela ne prend pas.Pas de traction réelle. Peu de leads. Beaucoup d'énergie investie.Dans cette leçon, je l'aide à faire un pas de côté.À comprendre pourquoi Instagram ne récompense plus la pédagogie brute.À distinguer visibilité, conversion et réassurance.Et surtout, à choisir une stratégie réaliste, alignée avec son modèle, son temps et ses ambitions.Une leçon précieuse pour tous ceux qui lancent un projet nouveau, et qui cherchent moins à faire du bruit qu'à bâtir quelque chose qui dure.Bonne écoute ✨CHAPITRAGE 00:00 – Introduction et contexte du projet03:00 – Présentation d'Emilie LAGRANGE et du modèle Sikour.immo07:00 – Pourquoi les réseaux sociaux ont profondément changé11:00 – Le mythe de la pédagogie qui suffit à émerger17:00 – Concept, codes des plateformes et limites d'Instagram25:00 – Se focaliser, prioriser et construire une stratégie à 6 mois#LeçonDuMercredi #Entrepreneuriat #CréerSonEntreprise #LancementDeProjet #StratégieBusiness #RéseauxSociaux #Immobilier #NouveauModèle #Priorités #Focus #VisionLongTerme #PaulineLaigneau #PodcastBusinessNotes et références de l'épisode Pour retrouver Emilie et Sikour.immo : Sur son site internetSur InstagramSur LinkedInPour retrouver le replay du Grand Live : Les nouveaux codes des réseaux sociaux en 2026Sur Demian.educationVous pouvez consulter notre politique de confidentialité sur https://art19.com/privacy ainsi que la notice de confidentialité de la Californie sur https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

ชมวิดีโอ EP นี้ใน YouTube เพื่อประสบการณ์การรับชมที่ดีที่สุด https://youtu.be/5dfzQVphfng ฝึกฟังเรื่องสั้นภาษาอังกฤษ ‘เทพธิดาแห่งดวงจันทร์' Chang'e and the Moon ตำนานจีนฉบับย่อยง่าย . ‘คำนี้ดี Story' เอพิโสดนี้ต้อนรับตรุษจีนกับตำนานจีนๆ เกี่ยวกับเทพธิดา ‘ฉางเอ๋อ' ที่อยู่กับเราทุกคืนบนฟากฟ้า . ฝึกภาษาทักษะการฟังแบบสนุกๆ พร้อมเกร็ดความรู้ผ่านเรื่องสั้นน่าสนใจ บอกเล่าเป็นภาษาอังกฤษแบบเข้าใจง่าย พร้อมคำแปลไทย คำศัพท์น่ารู้ และคำถามทบทวนความเข้าใจ . ทุกวันพุธที่ YouTube | Spotify | Apple Podcasts

ชมวิดีโอ EP นี้ใน YouTube เพื่อประสบการณ์การรับชมที่ดีที่สุด https://youtu.be/5dfzQVphfng . ฝึกฟังเรื่องสั้นภาษาอังกฤษ ‘เทพธิดาแห่งดวงจันทร์' Chang'e and the Moon ตำนานจีนฉบับย่อยง่าย . ‘คำนี้ดี Story' เอพิโสดนี้ต้อนรับตรุษจีนกับตำนานจีนๆ เกี่ยวกับเทพธิดา ‘ฉางเอ๋อ' ที่อยู่กับเราทุกคืนบนฟากฟ้า ฝึกภาษาทักษะการฟังแบบสนุกๆ พร้อมเกร็ดความรู้ผ่านเรื่องสั้นน่าสนใจ บอกเล่าเป็นภาษาอังกฤษแบบเข้าใจง่าย พร้อมคำแปลไทย คำศัพท์น่ารู้ และคำถามทบทวนความเข้าใจ . ทุกวันพุธที่ YouTube | Spotify | Apple Podcasts