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Consumers do not always act in accordance with their environmental concerns and intentions. Researchers have posited that Perceived Consumer Effectiveness (PCE), or the belief that one's behaviors are efficacious in ameliorating environmental impact, is a more appropriate explanatory variable. Yet, there have been contrasting results regarding the comparative effect of PCE, environmental concern, and intentions on green behavior. To address this question and to better understand the generalizability of the results to multiple cultures, the authors integrate PCE and environmental concern into a theoretical model based on the Theory of Planned Behavior. The results from a meta-analysis consisting of 118 studies, and 813 effect sizes, and 26,968 respondents reveal several key insights. First, cultural characteristics, such as power distance, masculinity, indulgence, and uncertainty moderate the relationship between PCE and green behavior. Second, contrary to prevailing assumptions, both PCE and environmental concern exhibit similar magnitudes in explaining overall green behavior. Third, a model with PCE and environmental concern demonstrates greater explanatory power for green behavior when compared to the traditional Theory of Planned Behavior model. These results offer valuable insights for researchers, managers, non-governmental organizations, and policymakers seeking culturally nuanced guidance to promote consumer green behavior more effectively. Authors: Valter Afonso Vieira, Clécio Falcão Araújo, Christopher Groening

The lack of robust financial management is an integral growth constraint faced by small and medium enterprises (SMEs). For the sustainability and growth of SMEs, it is vital to choose the correct long-term projects. Yet, literature shows that SMEs across the globe hardly practice the sophisticated capital budgeting (CB) method. The present study identifies, prioritizes, and proposes a structural model of the barriers to CB practices. The study adopts an integrated method combining the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (F-AHP) and the Fuzzy Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (F-DEMATEL) approach to evaluate the barriers to CB practices among SMEs in India. The prioritization obtained through the F-AHP suggests that the knowledge barrier of the decision-makers and the inherent barrier associated with the CB techniques are the most weighted main barriers impeding the practice of CB among SMEs. Also, the most important sub-barriers are time consumption and high complexity of the methods, lack of financial education and training of decision-makers, and lack of computation technology. F-DEMATEL provides a reliable quantitative measure of the association of the barriers to implementing sophisticated CB practices among SMEs. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this study is the first to identify, prioritize and structure the barriers to CB practices. Also, it is the first to apply multi-criteria decision-making tools in this field of research. Our findings can help financial managers/practitioners of SMEs to formulate sophisticated CB techniques in their investment decision strategies and efficiently manage their long-term funds. Authors: Sureka, Riya, Satish Kumar, Deepraj Mukherjee, and Christina Theodoraki

Automating mobile promotions facilitates customization through geo-location and temporal targeting; however, this can lead the geographic and temporal patterns of promotions to become predictable. We argue that this predictability enables customer habit formation as the promotion, the context in which it is received, and the purchase behavior become associated in the customer's memory through repeated co-occurrence. This results in the customer purchasing only when promotions are expected to occur, decreasing their overall purchase likelihood. Across four studies, including empirical data from two different industries in different global regions and two controlled laboratory experiments focused on different purchase scenarios, we find that customers exposed to predictable promotion patterns shift their purchases to when promotions are expected, decreasing overall purchase probability. These effects are stronger for customers with consistent past purchase patterns or low involvement with the product, and predictability of promotion patterns does not impact customer attitudes, providing evidence that they are driven by customer habit formation. Authors: Lamei, Pezhman, Milad Mohammadi Darani, Jennifer Wiggins, and Christopher Mahar.

The primary purpose of this research is to examine the extent to which positioning hybrid ventures as more or less congruent with their category influences perceptions of their legitimacy. To do so, we first introduce and define the notion of a hybrid category as an institutional context which combines two or more dominant institutional logics that both constrain and enable organizational action. We then construct a theoretical framework instantiated within a hybrid category, suggesting that moderate incongruence between a new venture's identity narrative and the expectations most strongly associated with the category will positively influence perceived legitimacy. We further predict specific relationships among dimensions of perceived legitimacy, as well as their downstream effects on an individual's willingness to contribute resources. Across three studies in which we experimentally manipulate congruence with a hybrid category, we find a consistent pattern of support for our hypotheses and reveal a unique benefit for new hybrid ventures who position themselves in a manner that is moderately incongruent with the hybrid category. In addition, our results suggest that moral legitimacy perceptions act as a precursor to cognitive legitimacy perceptions in new hybrid categories. Authors: Alexiou, Kostas, Jennifer Wiggins, and Md Fourkan

The study aims to investigate how recommender systems shape providers' dynamics and content offerings on platforms, and to provide insights into algorithm designs for achieving better outcomes in platform design. The study reveals that recommender systems have the potential to introduce biases in providers' understanding of user preferences, thereby impacting the variety of offerings on platforms. Moreover, it identifies algorithm design as a critical factor, with item-based collaborative filters showcasing superior performance in contexts where customers exhibit selectivity. Conversely, user-based models prove more effective in scenarios where recommendations significantly sway user decisions, ultimately boosting sales. Authors: Mohammadi Darani, Milad, and Sina Aghaie

We examine how disclosure delivery mode, oral versus written, influences investors' reactions to managers' tone language. We hypothesize that listening to disclosures, relative to reading them, causes managers' qualitative word choices to have a greater impact on investors' judgments. We theorize that this effect occurs because oral delivery mode promotes heuristic processing and qualitative tone language is an easy-to-process disclosure element. The results from an experiment in a conference call setting are consistent with our hypothesis and suggest a boundary condition. Specifically, the interaction of mode and tone language is significant in a setting where heuristic processing is likely (good earnings news) but not in a setting where investors are likely to scrutinize the disclosure (bad earnings news). Our results inform investors about the potential consequences of how they consume disclosures. Specifically, we show that investors are more susceptible to managers' tone language when listening to disclosures containing good news than reading them. Authors: Elliott, W. Brooke, Serena Loftus, and Amanda Winn

A consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic is that workers increasingly want work that aligns with their values. Given that Gen Z, the next generation of accountants, is characterized by a focus on ESG issues, we use an experiment to test whether emphasizing sustainability assurance roles attracts individuals to the profession and which types of individuals are most attracted. We find individuals are more interested in becoming accountants when sustainability assurance positions are emphasized, relative to financial positions. We further find individuals with a prosocial (but not proself) social value orientation drive this result due to the greater intrinsic appeal of sustainability jobs to these individuals. We also find some evidence that prosocial individuals exhibit lower professional skepticism than proself individuals, highlighting a potential negative consequence of attracting prosocial individuals to the profession. Our findings illuminate how the accounting profession can attract prosocial individuals and one implication of doing so. Authors: Horne, Eric, Serena Loftus, Sarah Shonka McCoy, and Amanda M. Winn.

We provide a conceptual framework for analyzing studies on management controls and management control systems (MCSs). This framework describes and analyzes the directing and activating processes of management controls and MCSs. Because our focus is on why management controls are effective, our conceptual framework complements earlier frameworks that focus on specific empirical methods, controls, and literature maps. We discuss several applications of the framework, such as depicting an individual research study, comparing multiple research studies examining the same control, and organizing an area of research. Our approach benefits consumers of management accounting research by increasing understanding and access to extant research. In addition, the application of our approach can reveal gaps in the literature or the potential for mediating factors to explain conflicting findings and can thus inform future research. Authors: Bol, Jasmijn C., and Serena Loftus

A significant portion of the global adult population, particularly in developing markets, lacks access to formal credit due to the absence of traditional credit histories. This presents a major challenge for financial institutions, FinTech companies, and policymakers aiming to promote financial inclusion. While conventional credit scoring models are built on established financial data, the growing penetration of mobile phones offers an alternative means to assess credit risk. Unlike prior research focused on Call Detail Records (CDRs)—data generated by telecommunication providers capturing users' call and message activities, such as duration, frequency, and timing—this study investigates the predictive power of a broader spectrum of mobile usage data, including non-CDR attributes like social media engagement and web browsing habits, in assessing credit risk. Using a broad range of machine learning algorithms on actual mobile usage data from over 1,500 demographically diverse individuals over a two-week period, we find that while these mobile usage attributes alone cannot fully replace FICO scores in regression models (R²=0.30), they significantly enhance the accuracy of classification models, especially when combined with CDR data (Accuracy=0.89). These findings have important implications for credit markets in emerging economies, pathways for financial institutions and FinTech companies to engage with unbanked populations and support the growth of alternative credit assessment tools. Authors: Razavi, Rouzbeh, and Nasr G. Elbahnasawy.

We employ a dynamic regression discontinuity design comparing business outcomes in areas that passed additional school property taxes to business outcomes in areas that failed to do so. On average, these referenda increase local property taxes by approximately 8 percent. We find little evidence that passage of a property tax referendum influences the total number of establishments in the district in the following years. Further, there is little evidence that property taxes affect total establishment births or deaths. Heterogeneity analysis does not find differences across various measures of firm exposure to property taxes. Authors: Enami, Ali, C. Lockwood Reynolds, and Shawn M. Rohlin

Using tract-level Census data and triple difference estimators, the authors test whether firms increase their use of part-time workers when faced with capped wage subsidies. By limiting the maximum subsidy per worker, such subsidies create incentives for firms to increase the share of their payroll that is eligible for the subsidy by increasing use of part-time or low-wage workers. Results suggest that firms located in federal Empowerment Zones in the United States responded to the program's capped wage subsidies by expanding their use of part-time workers, particularly in locations where the subsidy cap is likely to bind. There is also a shift toward hiring lower-skill workers. Authors: Elvery, Joel A., C. Lockwood Reynolds, and Shawn M. Rohlin.

This paper examines the impact of bank capital on the capital structure of non-financial firms, focusing on lenders and commercial borrowers from 2000 to 2019. We find a positive relationship between firm leverage and bank capital, with lending serving as a key channel for this effect. Additionally, increased lending is associated with higher firm risk and slower growth. Our deal-level analysis reveals consistent findings with those at the firm level: greater lending is linked to higher spreads, more tranches, more secured loans, fewer lenders per deal, and longer maturities, all of which indicate increased borrower risk. This study offers new insights into how bank capital structure policies influence the financial structure of non-financial firms and contributes to the broader debate on the spillover effects of risk-reduction measures in the financial sector, such as capital regulation, on the real economy. Authors: Baran, Lindsay, Ajay Patel, and Nonna Sorokina.

This study by Vaneet Kaur introduces a novel framework that integrates social neuroscience and entrepreneurship to explore how neuronal pathways enable the transformation of individuals into entrepreneurs with robust capabilities. Moving beyond traditional individual-centric views, it investigates inter-individual neural and social synchronization, identifying neurosocial mediators that drive the development of entrepreneurial competencies within enterprises. By leveraging the extended mirror neuron system and neuroplasticity, this conceptual paper demonstrates how social learning processes activate and strengthen neural networks, resulting in emergent entrepreneurial behaviors. Employing a theory-bridging approach, this research develops a nomological network to predict relationships between entrepreneurial and neurosocial constructs, clarifying causal linkages, antecedents, outcomes, and contingencies. This framework offers a comprehensive understanding of how individual capabilities evolve into entrepreneurial capabilities, moving beyond assumptions of serendipity and simplistic aggregation.

This paper examines whether major corporate customers curb corporate carbon emissions along the supply chain. We show that suppliers with a more concentrated customer base have significantly lower carbon emissions. The results are robust to alternative measures of carbon emissions and customer concentration, alternative sample, alternative explanation, and various approaches to mitigate endogeneity concerns. The effect is more pronounced when major customers have made emission-reduction commitment, when they are exposed to greater climate regulatory shocks and risks, and when they become more concerned about regulatory scrutiny. Moreover, the curbing effect of major customers on supplier carbon emissions is stronger when customers have lower switching costs and stronger bargaining power over suppliers. We show that one way through which suppliers reduce emissions is by adopting green technologies. Our study highlights the role of major customers in facilitating the transition to a low-carbon economy through decarbonization along the supply chain. Authors: Deng, Saiying, Tinghua Duan, Frank Weikai Li, and Xiaoling Pu.

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This study represents one of the earliest attempts to bring together two siloed paradigms viz. design thinking and knowledge management process capabilities to propose a novel ambidextrous approach for developing dynamic capabilities in individuals. An alternative conceptualization of connection between design thinking and dynamic capabilities has been unfolded by empirically establishing that the effect of design thinking on dynamic capabilities of individuals is indirect and realized through the development of knowledge management process capabilities. Through rigorous statistical analysis, including subgroup analyses based on gender, design thinking training, and work experience, the study provides valuable insights for individuals and organizations seeking to cultivate dynamic capabilities. The newly developed assessment instruments can be used to identify strengths, weaknesses, and areas for development in these areas.

Authors examine the impact of potential repatriation taxes on U.S. multinationals' pre-2018 tax planning actions and capital structure policies. We construct a proxy for exogenous changes to repatriation tax rates and find that repatriation-tax-sensitive multinationals are more likely to pursue tax-free repatriation techniques, with examples provided. We also find a positive relationship between repatriation tax increases and both bond issuance and debt ratios, but only for repatriation-tax-sensitive multinationals. These results are concentrated in firms with lower costs of debt capital, while no increased likelihood of inversions is found. Our findings have important implications for current and proposed U.S. tax policies.

Firms face significant challenges in effectively training employees in adopting complex information systems, such as enterprise resource planning (ERP). Gamified training has emerged as a promising means to address these challenges. Despite this, prior research has paid little attention to the factors affecting the effective use of gamified training. This study aims to identify the determinants of the effective use of gamified training. Based on technology affordances, coping, and gamification literature, the study proposes that team-based gamification affordances (e.g., collaboration and competition affordances) affect coping responses (e.g., task-focused, emotion-focused, and avoidance coping), leading to effective use. We utilized the ERP simulation game to empirically test the research model, employing a multi-study approach comprising two studies (Study 1 = 255 participants, Study 2 = 219 participants). Structural equation modeling was used for data analysis. Our results indicate that collaboration affordance significantly affects task-focused, emotion-focused, and avoidance coping. However, competition affordance influenced only task-focused coping. We also found that task-focused and emotion-focused coping affected effective use. This study contributes to IS literature by highlighting gamification affordances and coping responses as important predictors of effective use in gamified training, leading organizations and IS scholars to design impactful and engaging gamified training programs.

Prior literature shows that how creditors monitor borrowers and exercise control rights affect borrowers' investment and financial policies, but little is known about their impact on borrowers' operating decisions. The availability of a credit default swap (CDS) reduces creditors' monitoring incentives ex ante but increases their liquidation incentives in the events of default ex post. After the inception of CDS trading, reference firms exhibit an increase in the elasticity of cost structure. Results are consistent in instrumental variable analyses and are robust with alternative matching samples. The increase in cost structure elasticity is more pronounced for firms with greater credit risk and more restrictive covenants, financially constrained firms, and those face greater product market competition and provide higher convexity in managers' compensation. We provide the first evidence showing that managers choose a more elastic cost structure when creditors become less forgiving.

This paper examines whether common ownership along supply chains (i.e., vertical shareholding) is associated with better firm performance during supply chain shock. We find that supplier-customer dyads with vertical shareholding report higher combined monthly returns since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The dedicated common investors have the most positive effects, followed by the common quasi-indexers.

We use the dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) model to estimate daily-frequency mutual fund betas. Compared to traditional estimates, daily betas better capture changes in fund risk stemming from daily fund trading activity. Based on these beta estimates and a two-stage estimation procedure, we find significant evidence of market timing ability among actively managed U.S. equity funds that is not apparent via standard approaches. Unlike traditional measures, our timing estimates correlate positively with fund performance. Market timing is especially evident during down markets, with successful timers exhibiting low downside risk. Timing ability persists across time and attracts investor flows.

The paper bridges the contours of neuroscience and entrepreneurship to unveil the neuronal path to transfigure entrepreneur-level capabilities into enterprise-level capabilities without holding a priori assumptions about serendipity or application of the aggregation principle. It reveals that neural mechanisms through which efforts of entrepreneurs are aggregated and exploited at the enterprise level—mirror neuron system and neuroplasticity—do not represent a fortuity, but conscious endeavors on the parts of both entrepreneurs and the enterprise to bridge these distances. In doing so, this paper explains how the brains of various entrepreneurial actors can be trained like muscles, and how they can achieve bio-behavioral synchrony to facilitate such neurochemical changes in their brain wiring that induce cognitive, affective, and conative aspects of opportunity identification, opportunity exploitation, and successful reconfiguration, which are essential for an entrepreneurial brain. Moreover, the paper demonstrates how mirror neuron system can become the gateway to neuroplasticity and how this cross-modal matching can assist entrepreneurial actors in developing their capabilities. The conceptual framework proposed explains how entrepreneurial actors, and consequently, the enterprise, can move towards a more plastic mode of operation, one that helps disrupt the brain's homeostasis to achieve enterprise plasticity, and ultimately develop robust enterprise-level capabilities.

Several manuscripts are adopting knowledge-based dynamic capabilities (KBDCs) as their main theoretical lens. However, these manuscripts lack consistent conceptualization and systematization of the construct. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to advance the understanding of KBDCs by – (a) clarifying the dominant concepts at the junction of knowledge management and dynamic capabilities domains, (b) identifying which emerging themes are gaining traction with KBDCs scholars, (c) demonstrating how the central thesis around KBDCs has evolved, and (d) explaining how can KBDCs scholars move towards finding a mutually agreed conceptualization of the field to advance empirical assessment.

What is needed for organisations to succeed in digital transformation, and what is its advantage? Motivated by the ongoing high amount of failing digital transformations, this study identifies necessary predictors and outcomes of this prominent matter on the macro level. Drawing on strategic capabilities as enablers for the redefinition of business value and organisational identity in the digital era, we propose that the complementary synergies of strategic capabilities empower digital transformation success, improving firm performance. The results support the proposed model using structural equations modelling with multi-data from 154 organisations and complementary objective data. This study identifies synergistic facilitators for digital transformation success by providing an integrated portfolio of complementary capabilities (i.e., outside-in, spanning, and inside-out orientation). The study also contributes to IS research by offering a measurable conceptualisation of digital transformation success. In addition, findings empirically show the association between digital transformation success and firm performance to enable further investigations in the IS field. Finally, from the study's findings, practical implications can guide organisations toward digital transformation success and firm performance.

In interpersonal communication, humans tend to mimic one another verbally and non-verbally, producing beneficial outcomes for the mimicker. The growth in online communication has moved many manager-customer interactions from in-person to a virtual environment visible to others. Thus, we investigate whether and how managers' conscious mimicking of wording from consumers' online reviews affects the purchase intentions of third-party readers of the exchange. We propose that mimicking is a signal of the firm's attentiveness that increases trust, resulting in increased purchase intentions. A series of experimental studies support this hypothesis under varying conditions, such as whether the valence of the customer's communication is positive or negative, or the frequency of the use of mimicry varies. An examination of field data finds that the use of mimicry increases the ratings of subsequent reviews. Thus, we provide managers with a straightforward tool that can increase consumer trust, purchase intentions, and subsequent review ratings.

This study represents one of the earliest attempts at providing a complete scientometric mapping and a systematic review of the nascent field of neurostrategy. Machine-based algorithms and text-mining have been used to – (a) clarify the dominant concepts at the junction of neuroscience and strategic management; (b) identify the ontological and epistemological foundations of neurostrategy; (c) explain how the scholarly discourse around neurostrategy has evolved; (d) reveal the trends that are gaining traction within neurostrategy research; and (e) develop propositions at the confluence of managerial capabilities, knowledge management, dynamic capabilities, and neurostrategy. The study unveils how neurostrategy represents a quintet of disciplines and lays bare the hypes and hopes surrounding neurostrategy. The study explains how the road that leads to competitive success passes through the development of neuronally intelligent strategies that not only resolve the battle between the organization and its people, but also the one within an organizational decision maker.

A two-country general equilibrium model is developed to study the global consequences of quantitative easing and foreign exchange intervention. The model incorporates financial frictions such as limited commitment, differential pledgeability of assets as collateral, and a low supply of collateralizable assets. Due to differential asset pledgeability, financial intermediaries acquire different asset portfolios particular to their home country. Quantitative easing can reduce long-term nominal interest rates, mitigate financial frictions globally, and depreciate the currency of the country that supplies more pledgeable assets. The international effects of foreign exchange intervention depend on the implementing country. If implemented by the country that supplies more pledgeable assets, such intervention can ease financial frictions and enhance welfare globally.

Because phishing attacks often exploit individuals' inexperience in detecting them, it is important for managers to provide workers with proper feedback on their reactions to phishing scams. However, little is known about what types of feedback are more effective in facilitating antiphishing training behavior and performance. The objectives of this study are to identify (1) determinants of decision avoidance and detection accuracy; (2) the contextual effect of feedback type in antiphishing training; (3) the impacts of perceived detection efficacy on training outcomes; and (4) the interaction effects between feedback characteristics and perceived detection efficacy/phishing characteristics on training outcomes. Drawing upon goal-setting theory, skill acquisition theory, and antiphishing training literature, our model provides a theoretical account of how feedback characteristics (e.g., type, quantity), phishing characteristics (e.g., phishing cue saliency), and perceived detection efficacy affect antiphishing training outcomes (e.g., decision avoidance and detection accuracy). To empirically test the model, we performed four experiments with 652 subjects in the United States. Our results indicate example-based feedback is superior to abstract feedback in teaching how to correctly discern between phishing and legitimate emails in the context of link-embedded emails. We also show that perceived detection efficacy is essential for a better understanding of antiphishing training behavior and performance. Finally, we show an interaction effect between feedback quantity and phishing cue saliency on antiphishing training behavior and performance.

Based on agency theory, signaling theory, and moral capital theory, we examine whether and how corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance influences firms' political risk disclosure. We also examine the impact of such disclosure on institutional ownership and financial analysts' forecast dispersion and forecast error and whether the impact depends on CSR performance. We find that stronger CSR performers provide less disclosure of political risk than weaker CSR performers, suggesting that CSR performance is a substitute for political risk disclosure. We find that political risk disclosure is associated with lower percentage of ownership by institutional investors with long-term investment horizons and higher analyst forecast dispersion and forecast error. However, we find that CSR performance cancels out the negative impact of political risk disclosure on institutional ownership and analyst forecast dispersion/error, suggesting that institutional investors and financial analysts put less weight on such disclosure issued by more CSR-oriented firms.

Xue, Guisen, O. Felix Offodile, Rouzbeh Razavi, Dong-Heon Kwak, and Jose Benitez. "Addressing staffing challenges through improved planning: Demand-driven course schedule planning and instructor assignment in higher education." Decision Support Systems 187 (2024): 114345. This paper presents a novel decision support system (DSS) to address the University Course Timetabling Problem (UCTP). The solution decomposes the NP-complete UCTP into two sub-problems, allowing a structured approach to addressing the complexities inherent in the UCTP process. A mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model is proposed to integrate academic year course schedule planning and instructor assignment, accommodating various constraints to meet student demands. The model optimizes the number of course sections and strategically schedules instructors, aiming to reduce the number of new and distinct courses assigned to them. Historical data from an academic department encompassing multiple disciplines, including Computer Information Systems, Business Management, and Business Analytics, at a large public university in the U.S. is used to develop the model, and the results are compared with the actual course schedule and instructor assignment. The results demonstrate that the proposed DSS would result in a 14% reduction in the number of course sections offered, translating to approximately $130,000 in annual savings. Additionally, it could significantly reduce the number of new courses assigned to instructors by up to 81% and the number of distinct course sections assigned to them by 29%.

#14 ASPIRE - The Life of an American Entrepreneur: Its A Wonderful Life by Ambassador Crawford College of Business & Entrepreneurship

#13 ASPIRE - The Life of an American Entrepreneur: Ask Not by Ambassador Crawford College of Business & Entrepreneurship

#12 ASPIRE - The Life of an American Entrepreneur: High Tech And Politics by Ambassador Crawford College of Business & Entrepreneurship

#11 ASPIRE - The Life of an American Entrepreneur: Extracurriculars by Ambassador Crawford College of Business & Entrepreneurship

#10 ASPIRE - The Life of an American Entrepreneur: The Making Of Ed Crawford by Ambassador Crawford College of Business & Entrepreneurship

#9 ASPIRE - The Life of an American Entrepreneur: Strike by Ambassador Crawford College of Business & Entrepreneurship

#8 ASPIRE - The Life of an American Entrepreneur: Listen To The Music by Ambassador Crawford College of Business & Entrepreneurship

#7 ASPIRE - The Life of an American Entrepreneur: Lessons On The Court by Ambassador Crawford College of Business & Entrepreneurship

#6 ASPIRE - The Life of an American Entrepreneur: Risk And Reward by Ambassador Crawford College of Business & Entrepreneurship

#5 ASPIRE - The Life of an American Entrepreneur: In The Board Room by Ambassador Crawford College of Business & Entrepreneurship

#4 ASPIRE - The Life of an American Entrepreneur: The Corporate Dr. by Ambassador Crawford College of Business & Entrepreneurship