Podcasts about Fico

La grabación revela en detalle lo que pasaba en el trayecto del camión encontrado en San Antonio con más de 50 migrantes muertos. Uno de los pasajeros le envió un mensaje a un amigo contándole sobre las condiciones de hacinamiento y el calor que hacía en ese remolque. Los hechos noticiosos más importantes de la actualidad mundial los puedes escuchar en el Podcast del Noticiero Univision.  

El tráiler donde fallecieron 53 migrantes en San Antonio, Texas, circuló por la carretera interestatal 35, donde hay instaladas 57 unidades con rayos equis

Asfixiados, deshidratados y hacinados, así se encontraron al menos a 62 migrantes dentro de un tráiler en Texas, el pasado lunes 27 de junio. Inicialmente se reportaron 48 fallecidos y 16 en mal estado de salud, por lo que inmediatamente fueron trasladados a distintos hospitales de la zona para ser atendidos, pero lamentablemente, más tarde 5 de ellos también perdieron la vida.En este episodio, Miguel Limón, reportero del Heraldo de Juárez, narra el contexto de migración en la frontera México - Estados Unidos y los peligros a los que los migrantes se enfrentan, como el tráfico de personas, un fenómeno que se ha vuelto recurrente en esta zona de Texas. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Los accidentes de tráfico dejan 1,3 millones de muertos y 50 millones de heridos graves cada año. Los Estados miembros de la ONU han firmado este viernes una declaración política para reducir a la mitad esas cifras para 2030. En África, la OMS está colaborando con las autoridades sanitarias para reforzar la detección y el diagnóstico en laboratorio de casos de viruela del mono.La OPS y Unitaid lanzaron una alianza para eliminar la transmisión maternoinfantil de la enfermedad de Chagas.

„Ak budú ich nominanti právoplatne odsúdení, tak môžeme povedať, že za Ficovej vlády boli do funkcií dosadení zločinci,“ povedal pre Postoj TV policajný prezident Štefan Hamran.

Juan José Sanz Vitorio, senador del Partido Popular,, piden que se suprima el tráfico pesado por la Travesía de San Rafael.

Vojnu na Ukrajine považuje za chybu Ruska. „Ale Putin už dosiahol svoj cieľ,“ povedal v Ide o pravdu Robert Fico, predseda opozičnej strany Smer. Lídri EÚ by si podľa neho mali priznať chybu, keď presadzovali sankcie, ktoré najviac ubližujú východným krajinám únie, vrátane Slovenska.

•Se abre investigación por asesinato del periodista Antonio de la Cruz•César Yáñez a subsecretaría en Gobernación•Más información en nuestro podcast

Familiares de miles de inmigrantes esperan noticias esperanzadoras de encontrarlos con vida luego de la tragedia en San Antonio.2 ciudadanos mexicanos fueron arrestados como implicados en el transporte del camión donde murieron 53 inmigrantes en San Antonio Texas.Secretario de la OTAN mencionó a China como un país que no es adversario pero que debe ser vigilado al contrario que Rusia.Suecia y Finlandia entraron a la OTAN.Explosivos testimonios de Cassidy Hutchinson, sobre la posición del presidente Trump durante la toma al Capitolio el 6 de enero.Traficantes humanos llamados “polleros” contaron en exclusiva el modus operandi en la frontera.

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Raúl V.E. El hilo del dinero del narcotráfico (28-6-2022) ================================== Más contenido inédito en: https://www.es-tv.es https://www.patreon.com/user?u=40527138 Nº de cuenta ES75 3018 5746 3520 3462 2213 Bizum 696339508 o 650325992 Conviértete en miembro de este canal para disfrutar de ventajas: https://www.ivoox.com/podcast-un-murciano-encabronao-david-santos-los-audios_sq_f11099064_1.html Canales de U.M.E.: Raúl U.M.E. Canal 2 https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCu2EXhylsBpu7U4vmWofOZw/join **** ¡NUEVO CANAL! **** Cosicas de Raúl https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCcI-hGhdAqWBsgd8uxgZYUA/join **** ¡NUEVO CANAL! (OTRO....) **** Raúl Viva España https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCk9v0XuIIntX4DrHWVh8gDg Un murciano encabronao 3 U.M.E. (Defunto) Un murciano encabronao (Defunto) Canales de David Santos: David Santos: https://www.youtube.com/c/DavidSantosVlog David Santos directos: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9tKe5zFEb6BHVuaYH7qzTw/featured davidsantos_oficial https://www.twitch.tv/davidsantos_oficial/

En entrevista Francisco Rivas, director general del Observatorio Nacional Ciudadano, consideró que muchos de los migrantes tanto mexicanos, como centroamericanos no buscan el cambio por gusto, sino por necesidad.

El presidente de Estados Unidos, Joe Biden, prometió reforzar la lucha contra el tráfico de migrantesAl menos 35 colonias de la alcaldía Iztapalapa sufren escasez de agua potableNL estableció acuerdos con industriales para que aporten agua y con ello hacer frente a la crisis del líquido padece la entidad

Enrique Acevedo, periodista en Estados Unidos

Rezemos juntos com Nossa Senhora os 9 meses e acompanhemos a gestação do menino Jesus! Peça a sua graça! Reze com confiança! Novena do livro 9 Meses com Maria de autoria do Padre Luís Erlin, publicado pela Editora Ave-Maria Compartilhe esta novena para que mais pessoas possam estar conosco em oração e inscreva-se no canal para que você possa receber mais orações e rezar com a gente! Agradecimento: Autor do Livro: Padre Luís Erlin Editora: Ave Maria Você encontra este livro em: http://bit.ly/novemesescommaria 28 de junho Feliz aquele que se compraz no serviço do Senhor e medita sua lei dia e noite. (Salmo 1,2) Enquanto Isabel dormia, Zacarias tomou o menino em seus braços e olhava atentamente nos olhinhos do bebê. Ele fazia esforço em dizer algumas palavras, mas não conseguia. Depois afagou a criança em seu peito e começou a chorar emocionado. José e eu saímos do quarto para deixá-los a sós. Fico imaginando tudo aquilo que está passando pela cabeça de Zacarias. A realização desta promessa é uma demonstração clara do apreço do Senhor por ele e por Isabel. Nestes dias estamos como que anestesiados por sermos testemunhas oculares da bênção de Deus. Muitas vezes é preciso que nos afastemos para que o outro possa se encontrar. Oração da gravidez de Maria Deus Pai, que por obra do Espírito Santo fecundaste o seio virginal de Maria e a escolheste para ser a Mãe de Jesus, nosso Salvador, eu te louvo e te agradeço por teu amor incondicional por mim, por minha família e por toda a humanidade. Sei que minha vida é regida pela tua providência; da mesma forma que chamaste Maria para uma missão tão importante, também me chamas para cumprir teus desígnios. Quero ser fiel a ti, a exemplo de Maria que gerou o Verbo por nove meses; também quero gestar o teu Filho em meu coração até eu poder dizer como o apóstolo Paulo: Já não sou eu quem vivo é Cristo quem vive em mim . Nesta novena em que eu acompanho diariamente os nove meses da Virgem Imaculada grávida eu te peço a graça (... fazer o pedido ...). Eu confio, amo e espero, assim como tua serva, Maria Santíssima, Mãe de Jesus. Amém Para colaborar com este apostolado doações espontâneas chave pix: patriciaemusica@gmail.com chave pix aleatória: 9a37bf61-5113-4ea0-9e85-f45c6e9fbc79 conta corrente Caixa Federal Patrícia A. O. Acosta Agência 0320 conta corrente: 38.496-6 Deus abençoe! Siga-me no Spotify: Patrícia Acosta Reza Comigo https://open.spotify.com/show/5g3hfEmlT7dFU8fHINzICx?si=SWxA8JBDQCWGMo7OFveStg Siga também meu canal culinário: PATRÍCIA ACOSTA COZINHA COMIGO Link: (388) Patrícia Acosta Cozinha Comigo - YouTube Siga-me no Instagram: @patríciaacostarezacomigo https://www.instagram.com/patriciaacostarezacomigo Página no Facebook: Patrícia Acosta Reza Comigo https://business.facebook.com/patriciaacostarezacomigo Canal no Telegram: https://t.me/patriciarezacomigo

There's a Yugoslav car that was even more important than the Yugo for the country and for the country's memory. Better known by its nickname, Fića / Fićo / Fićko, Zastava 750 was the first Yugoslav car. It was and continues to be a Yugoslav icon, a symbol of that disappeared country and an object of nostalgia. In metaphorical terms, Fićo is Yugoslavia…and probably always will be. This is Fića's story.With Martin Pogačar and Jovana Stojilković. Featuring the song "Piči Fića" by Sabrija Vulić.The Remembering Yugoslavia podcast explores the memory of a country that no longer exists. Created, produced, and hosted by Peter Korchnak. New episodes two to three times per month.Shownotes/transcript: RememberingYugoslavia.com/Podcast-Fico-Zastava-750/Instagram: @RememberingYugoslaviaSUPPORT THE SHOW ›Support the show

Impacto Científico 15 - Nanotecnología hecha en la UNI: telas antimicrobianas para uso hospitalario La industria peruana ya puede producir ropa con propiedades antimicrobianas a bajo costo, gracias a la tecnología desarrollada por científicos de la UNI. El Dr. José Solis nos cuenta más sobre este proceso que utiliza la nanotecnología y metales asequibles como el cobre y el zinc, y que está lista para ser transferida a las empresas. Síguenos en Sudaca.pehttps://www.facebook.com/sudacaperu.pehttps://twitter.com/SudacaPeruhttps://www.linkedin.com/company/suda...https://www.instagram.com/sudacaperu/Lima – Perú#ImpactoCientífico #Nanotecnología #UNI #Telasfuncionales

Conocemos la última hora del mercado de fichajes, hablamos con Irene Paredes y hacemos un Sanedrín ilustrado con Besa y Jabois.

Conocemos la última hora del mercado de fichajes, hablamos con Irene Paredes y hacemos un Sanedrín ilustrado con Besa y Jabois.

En este episodio vamos a pasar un pelín de miedo con Ethan Hawke en ‘Black Phone', vamos a ver cómo se desenvuelve Isabelle Huppert como alcaldesa, vamos a entrar en la epidemia de drogas de Irán y, por supuesto, vamos a bailar y ponernos las mejores galas con el Elvis de Baz Luhrmann. Son los estrenos más destacados que llegan a las salas de cine, pero hay más y también series para tener el plan perfecto. Oye, y todo en 30 minutos.

Generálny prokurátor sa baví s médiámi tak, že aj Fico s Matovičom si môžu robiť poznámky. Maroš Žilinka – generálny prokurátor, ktorý na začiatku sľúbil, že v úrade bude poriadne „zviera“. Potom sa ale ukázalo, že všetko je úplne inak... Viac v najnovšej epizóde Ťažkého týždňa s Jakubom Gulíkom.

Nos metemos a fondo en la historia, la onda y el impacto del gekiga en el mundo del manga e iniciamos un recorrido por la historia del humor gráfico argentino. Leer más

So far, we've taken a look at how Policy works at both the State & Federal Level. And we've also heard from a solar developer about the nuance and important differences for community solar from the other verticals. In Episode 4 of this series, we'll hear from Kate Henningsen, Co-founder and COO at Arcadia Power. Prior to joining Arcadia Power as its sixth employee, Kate spent several years as a litigator at an international law firm, providing counsel to businesses on a wide variety of high-stakes issues. She has helped grow Arcadia to perhaps the most well-known among a category of service providers known as “aggregators” in Community Solar. We often hear community solar buyers referred to as subscribers.  But, who actually finds, enrolls and services these subscribers? How does customer acquisition for community solar actually work? And how do you get beyond the general notion that it is just Too Good to be True? To answer these questions and more, I reached out to Kate Henningsen. Kate and the Arcadia team have onboarded more than 200K solar customers, and have eliminated the need for a FICO score as a pre-requisite for subscription. Aggregators serve a critical function in the marketplace to lower customer acquisition costs & address the scalability of the sector.  How? Stay tuned. You can learn more about today's guest and our expert lineup along with what else is to come in the series athttps://www.mysuncast.com/communitysolar ( www.mysuncast.com/communitysolar)  Did you miss the series? CONSIDER THIS YOUR “COMMUNITY SOLAR 101” In this 5-part series, we answer: How does Community Solar work, and what are the Policy frameworks that support it's expansion? Is the development of Community Solar that much different from other solar verticals (C&I, Utility)? How does this segment of the industry enable a more just & equitable solar offering? Who are the customers and how are they acquired for Community Solar as compared with other verticals? And, How does the money flow into, through and out of these projects for the various stakeholders?  The Community Solar series presented in partnership withhttps://www.edprnadg.com/ ( EDP Renewables N. America, Distributed Generation.) You can learn more about all the sponsors who help make SunCast free for you, here:https://www.mysuncast.com/sponsors ( www.mysuncast.com/sponsors) And you can always find the resources and learn more about today's guest, recommendations, book links, and more than 485 other founder stories and startup advice athttps://www.mysuncast.com/ ( www.mysuncast.com). You can connect with me, Nico Johnson, onhttps://www.twitter.com/nicomeo ( Twitter),https://www.linkedin.com/in/nickalus/ ( LinkedIn) or email.

So far, we've taken a look at how Policy works at both the State & Federal Level. And we've also heard from a solar developer about the nuance and important differences for community solar from the other verticals. In Episode 4 of this series, we'll hear from Kate Henningsen, Co-founder and COO at Arcadia Power. Prior to joining Arcadia Power as its sixth employee, Kate spent several years as a litigator at an international law firm, providing counsel to businesses on a wide variety of high-stakes issues. She has helped grow Arcadia to perhaps the most well-known among a category of service providers known as “aggregators” in Community Solar. We often hear community solar buyers referred to as subscribers.  But, who actually finds, enrolls and services these subscribers? How does customer acquisition for community solar actually work? And how do you get beyond the general notion that it is just Too Good to be True? To answer these questions and more, I reached out to Kate Henningsen. Kate and the Arcadia team have onboarded more than 200K solar customers, and have eliminated the need for a FICO score as a pre-requisite for subscription. Aggregators serve a critical function in the marketplace to lower customer acquisition costs & address the scalability of the sector.  How? Stay tuned. You can learn more about today's guest and our expert lineup along with what else is to come in the series athttps://www.mysuncast.com/communitysolar ( www.mysuncast.com/communitysolar)  Did you miss the series? CONSIDER THIS YOUR “COMMUNITY SOLAR 101” In this 5-part series, we answer: How does Community Solar work, and what are the Policy frameworks that support it's expansion? Is the development of Community Solar that much different from other solar verticals (C&I, Utility)? How does this segment of the industry enable a more just & equitable solar offering? Who are the customers and how are they acquired for Community Solar as compared with other verticals? And, How does the money flow into, through and out of these projects for the various stakeholders?  The Community Solar series presented in partnership withhttps://www.edprnadg.com/ ( EDP Renewables N. America, Distributed Generation.) You can learn more about all the sponsors who help make SunCast free for you, here:https://www.mysuncast.com/sponsors ( www.mysuncast.com/sponsors) And you can always find the resources and learn more about today's guest, recommendations, book links, and more than 485 other founder stories and startup advice athttps://www.mysuncast.com/ ( www.mysuncast.com). You can connect with me, Nico Johnson, onhttps://www.twitter.com/nicomeo ( Twitter),https://www.linkedin.com/in/nickalus/ ( LinkedIn) or email.

>>> Do you want to understand more of what Brazilians say in Portuguese? Do you consider yourself at the intermediate level? Then grab one of our learning guides for free and see for yourself how much more you can understand after just one week. The grab your guide today, please follow this link: https://social.portuguesewitheli.com/convite >>> Shall we meet? Follow this link: https://social.portuguesewitheli.com/meetngreet And here is the monologue for your benefit: O Rômulo reclamava que estava encalhado havia um tempão, mas ele também não fazia por onde. Escuta só, que você vai entender. Eu conheci o Rômulo na faculdade. Já naquela época ele era ligado nesses negócios de poesia. Vivia dando cantada nas minas da nossa turma, mas sempre dava com os burros n'água. Primeiro, porque as cantadas eram de uma frescura sem tamanho. “Ó, minha amada, dos olhos azuis” blá, blá, blá... quando ele terminava, mesmo que a mina tivesse a fim dele, ela fugia como o diabo foge da cruz. Eu ainda tentei dar uns toquesa ele, mas ele me desdenhava. Dizia que “um dia ele encontraria seu xodó”, mesmo que demorasse décadas, porque, se não fosse ali que ele encontrasse sua metade da laranja, seria noutro lugar. Por isso, ele continuaria sendo o cavalheiro que era, porque, um dia, ele encontraria uma dama. Ele acreditava em amor à primeira vista. Já comigo não tem essas besteiras. Primeiro, porque vivo nas baladas. Na noitada, a gente paquera todo mundo, fica com quem aparece pela frente, dá em cima de todo mundo... tem que chegar de supetão, mandar a real, dizer que achou ela a maior gata e tascar um beijo. Eu passo o rodo mesmo. Gostou de mim? Ótimo. Não gostou? Próxima, porque a fila anda. Não vou ficar flertando com uma mocinha como se a gente estivesse na época dos meus avós, que o cara tinha de fazer galanteios para conquistar a mulher, ainda tinha que pedir permissão aos pais e, se os pais não te achassem um bom partido, ainda que fosse charmoso, não tinha uma chancezinha sequer. Aí recentemente falei com o Rômulo, e ele me contou as novas. Agora ele é o feliz “namorido” de outra de nossas colegas de faculdade. Fico feliz por ele, mas... “namorido”? Sinceramente, essa vida de casado não me atrai. Meu negócio é curtir. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/portuguesewitheli/message

Entrevista Emiliano Tealde - Estudio del PNUD alerta sobre el panorama del narcotráfico en el país by En Perspectiva

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Muchas de las drogas ilícitas que se consumen en Estados Unidos entran en el país en grandes cantidades a través de los carteles, evadiendo todos los controles de las autoridades. Y las organizaciones delictivas cada vez ganan más terreno en el continente. Hoy vamos a platicar con Adam Namm, secretario ejecutivo de la Comisión Interamericana para el Control del Abuso de Drogas de la Organización de los Estados Americanos, sobre cuál es el alcance del narcotráfico en la actualidad. También vamos a aclarar cómo las drogas sintéticas han cambiado el mercado y cómo el tráfico de drogas ha evolucionado a formas realmente asombrosas.

22 de junio | San Juan, ArgentinaMe gustaría ser él. Bienvenido a La Wikly.🙌 En la columna de hoy contamos con la colaboración y participación vía podcast de Brandon Ortiz, periodista y editor de La Gaitana. La Gaitana es un medio independiente de la ciudad de Neiva en Huila, Colombia. Puedes encontrarlos aquí.⚠️ Esta edición de la newsletter electoral suele ser para suscriptores premium, pero la hacemos pública para que conozcáis un poco mejor lo que ofrecemos a los suscriptores de pago de forma diaria. Si quieres recibir más entregas como esta, ya sabes:Leer esta newsletter te llevará 14 minutos y 56 segundos.🇨🇴 Entender ColombiaPor Anita PereyraLo importante: Gustavo Petro y Francia Márquez se consolidaron el pasado domingo como presidente y vicepresidenta electos de Colombia. Por primera vez en su historia, el país latinoamericano tendrá un gobierno de izquierda.La fórmula de la coalición Pacto Histórico venció en segunda vuelta al candidato independiente Rodolfo Hernández con una diferencia de apenas tres puntos porcentuales.En esta otra edición, hablé sobre las diferencias entre los proyectos de país que tenía cada candidato, por lo que el estrecho margen de diferencia entre ambos candidatos abre la puerta a pensar en dos Colombias.El objetivo de esta newsletter es explorar lo que estas elecciones significaron para la ciudadanía colombiana y hablar tanto de aquello que los une como aquello que los divide.🗺 Victoria de periferiaUna expresión que se leyó bastante en redes sociales tras la victoria de Petro contiene la clave de una de las categorías de análisis a la que puede someterse estos comicios: el factor geográfico y productivo.Desde su independencia, Colombia se ha debatido entre un modelo centralizado y uno federal. Las zonas del país que se vieron más beneficiadas económicamente, sea por las plantaciones de azúcar y café o por el proceso de industrialización, configuraron un eje cuatripartito entre las ciudades de Bogotá, Medellín, Cali y Barranquilla.La periferia se construyó por oposición como una suma de todas las regiones que quedaron excluidas del eje urbano, más desarrollado. Las agrociudades protagonizaron esta exclusión en los 90, cuando la liberalización de la economía provocó una crisis de materias primas.En este artículo, nuestros colegas de El Orden Mundial exploran el reflejo de esta regionalización en la red urbana de Colombia y su déficit en materia de transporte.En la Colombia rural, la distribución de la riqueza es menos equitativa. Según el Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD):Del 90,9 por ciento de la población que vive en las áreas rurales de Colombia, el 42,9 por ciento era pobre en 2020. El 48 por ciento se encontraba en condición de vulnerabilidad.Además, el PNUD señala que estas cifras son contextuales: mientras que en las ciudades el porcentaje de pobreza se ha ido reduciendo, en las zonas rurales ha aumentado.La élite económica se tradujo en una élite política que gobernó el país durante décadas haciendo oídos sordos a las necesidades del electorado que no representaba: pobres, pueblos originarios, ambientalistas, trabajadores, y así."Una de las nadies, de los históricamente excluidos, se pone de pie para ocupar la política porque la élite que nos gobernó nunca nos permitió vivir en dignidad, en paz y con justicia social", dijo en su momento Francia Márquez, ahora vicepresidenta electa, para defender su candidatura.La fórmula de Gustavo Petro y Francia Márquez es la consolidación de décadas de militancia desde la periferia para conquistar una participación política real que atienda a sus demandas.Por esto, una de las propuestas de la fórmula presidencial electa es mudar la economía colombiana del actual modelo extractivista a uno más sostenible basado en la agricultura y la industria.“Es hora de dejar la estupidez del extractivismo, de pensarnos como un país petrolero y carbonero, tal cual Venezuela, y pasar a construir la compleja tarea histórica de industrializarnos desde la equidad”, dijo Petro.Esta evolución hacia un sistema productivo más eficiente podría, por ejemplo, incluir un aumento impositivo para los terrenos cultivables que no estén produciendo.La propuesta, aunque sin duda ha causado rechazos entre terratenientes del país, va alineada con el objetivo general de lograr una mejor redistribución de la riqueza a través del pleno aprovechamiento de los recursos naturales.“Los poseedores que ven la tierra como poder y no como instrumento productivo tienen que retroceder y deben liberar la tierra. Yo propongo comprárselas, no para que quede en propiedad del Estado sino para aquellos que la ven como un instrumento de producción”, explicó el entonces candidato.🕊 Proceso de pazPor primera vez en varios años, el debate político en torno a estas elecciones ha podido separarse del contexto de guerra y del presupuesto del Ministerio de Defensa, dando oportunidad a que se hable de otras necesidades como la educación, el medioambiente y la economía del cuidado.Aunque está lejos de ser pasado sepultado, el capítulo de violencia que en 2016 cerraron los acuerdos de paz firmados con las FARC-EP (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia – Ejército del Pueblo) permitió a la ciudadanía colombiana poder empezar a mirar al futuro.¿Cómo se relacionan con las elecciones presidenciales de este año? Para hablar de eso, primero es necesario recapitular brevemente la historia de las FARC y su relación con la tercera fuerza política de estos últimos comicios: el uribismo.A mediados del siglo XX, en Colombia se vivía una época conocida como “La Violencia” que enfrentó a liberales y conservadores. Era una lucha por la tierra; los campesinos se rebelaron contra el dominio de los terratenientes y los altos precios en la tenencia de propiedades.Los conservadores contaban con el apoyo del Estado, mientras que los liberales se agruparon como autodefensas campesinas en varias regiones del país. En ese contexto, en el año 1964, nació en las montañas del centro de Colombia un sentimiento de resistencia que duraría más de 50 años; el germen de las FARC.Álvaro Uribe llegó a la presidencia de Colombia tras las elecciones de 2002 con un discurso abiertamente intolerante con las FARC. Su política de seguridad democrática buscó intensificar el combate a las guerrillas, aumentando el financiamiento a las Fuerzas Armadas con ayuda del capital extranjero: el Plan Colombia.Estados Unidos invirtió entre 2001 y 2016 más de 10.000 millones de dólares en ayuda militar, el segundo mayor presupuesto estadounidense para un aliado después del concedido a Israel.💥 Fin de FARCEl Plan Colombia comenzó a dar resultados en unos años y las FARC vieron reducidas sus fuerzas. Después de contar con un promedio de 20.000 integrantes en el año 2000, pasaron a tener poco menos de 9.000 en 2010. Sin embargo, el coste humano de la estrategia fue devastador.Cerca de 4 millones de personas fueron desplazadas durante el Plan Colombia, un promedio de 300.000 al año, según la Consultoría para los Derechos Humanos y Desplazamiento (CODHES).Más de 7.000 sindicalistas fueron amenazados, torturados o violentados, y por lo menos 1.000 fueron asesinados entre enero de 2000 y enero de 2016, según datos de la Escuela Nacional Sindical.Alrededor de 400 defensores de derechos humanos fueron asesinados entre 2010 y 2015. Según Frontline Defenders, Colombia tuvo el mayor número de asesinatos selectivos de defensores de derechos humanos en 2015.Durante la presidencia de Juan Manuel Santos, exministro de defensa del expresidente Uribe, se puso sobre la mesa la posibilidad de negociar un acuerdo de paz con las FARC. Para la guerrilla era una oportunidad de transformar la lucha armada en una lucha política, mientras que para el gobierno era una oportunidad de lograr un control efectivo en materia de seguridad.El pacto con la guerrilla fue sometido a un referendo. Con un 60 por ciento de abstención, la opción del “No” se impuso por una diferencia mínima de menos de un punto porcentual.Tras la derrota en pleibiscito, Santos decidió aprobar los acuerdos por vía de decreto presidencial y el proceso de paz se refrendó en el Congreso.Finalmente, las FARC y el gobierno de Colombia firmaron la paz en el año 2016. Además del cese del enfrentamiento armado, la guerrilla se incorporó institucionalmente al sistema político al convertirse en un partido.La Fuerza Alternativa Revolucionaria del Común actualmente tiene aseguradas diez curules en el Congreso que les asegura representatividad en el proceso democrático de construcción de la paz.👻 Una guerrilla fantasmaCinco décadas de conflicto armado en el país han dejado su marca en el pueblo colombiano. Ahora, existe un profundo rechazo a una clandestinidad armada que todavía no se ha visto del todo erradicada pese al acuerdo de paz.A Colombia le llevó mucho tiempo conseguir la paz y esa tranquilidad conquistada proyecta sombra sobre el pasado de guerrillas: existe un miedo arraigado a que el país vuelva a estar doblegado al poder de los grupos armados y las redes de narcotráfico.Ese miedo social a volver a épocas más oscuras de su historia fue el combustible que alentó a los grupos de derecha a intentar construir discursivamente a Petro como un candidato “peligroso” por su activismo como guerrillero en su juventud.En 1978, Gustavo Petro entró en la guerrilla a los 18 años cuando todavía cursaba segundo grado de Economía en la universidad. Se unió al M-19, un grupo que nació tras el fraude electoral denunciado por los seguidores de Gustavo Rojas Pinilla, un candidato que perdió las elecciones presidenciales de 1970 contra el conservador Misael Pastrana.Petro asegura que nunca tomó parte activa en las acciones armadas, sino que participaba en tareas de distribución de propaganda ideológica y otras iniciativas pacíficas como el reparto de alimentos en comunidades desfavorecidas.En 1990, el M-19 y el gobierno colombiano firmaron un acuerdo de paz, el primero de América Latina entre un Estado y una guerrilla. El grupo se incorporó a la vida política del país bajo el nombre ‘Alianza Democrática M-19’ de la que Gustavo Petro fue uno de sus cofundadores."Esta era una concepción completamente diferente a la del ELN, las FARC, el Partido Comunista o los diversos grupos de izquierda universitaria que entablaban un diálogo con modelos como el soviético, el cubano o el chino, mientras que nosotros pensábamos en un proyecto propio nacionalista y democrático", dijo Petro sobre las motivaciones que en aquel momento lo llevaron a unirse al M-19.Tras conocerse los resultados de primera vuelta, el candidato Federico “Fico” Gutiérrez, representante del uribismo y tercera fuerza política en estas elecciones, anunció su apoyo a Rodolfo Hernández con un discurso petrofóbico.“Gustavo Petro, por todo lo que ha dicho y por todo lo que ha hecho, no le conviene a Colombia. [...] Consideramos que esa opción sería un peligro para el país”, dijo Gutiérrez.Sin embargo, Fico Gutiérrez quedó fuera de la contienda en primera vuelta. Pese a décadas de gobiernos de derecha, se vio superado en porcentaje de votos por un candidato con una propuesta apartidaria y un discurso básico de valores anticorrupción. Es decir, el voto de la gente fue bastante en contra de lo que él representa. “¿Exguerrillero o ingeniero?” Así presentaba a los dos candidatos del balotaje del domingo la Revista Semana, uno de los medios más importantes del país, en su portada del día anterior a los comicios.“Le comunico que soy economista” respondió Petro en una cita al tweet de Vicky Dávila, directora de Semana, con la portada en cuestión.Resumiendo, el voto a Hernández y el estrecho margen de diferencia con Petro no necesariamente deben leerse como un voto en contra de la propuesta de país que ofrece la fórmula de Pacto Histórico.También puede leerse como un voto de miedo por lo que pudiera pasar si…, un miedo infundado por esta conceptualización de Petro como un candidato potencialmente peligroso en un país donde la paz se ha convertido en el bien más preciado.🔥 Gobernar la fragmentaciónIván Duque, actual presidente y miembro del partido del expresidente Uribe, está cerrando su gestión con uno de los peores porcentajes de apoyo a la gestión en la historia del país. En junio de 2021, una encuesta de la consultora Datexco reveló que un 79 por ciento de los habitantes desaprobaba su mandato.En 2021, tuvo lugar el Paro Nacional, una estallido social desencadenado por el anuncio del proyecto de reforma tributaria propuesto por el gobierno de Duque.Las manifestaciones terminaron condensando todos los reclamos de la ciudadanía por condiciones de vida más dignas y fueron violentamente reprimidas por miembros de la Fuerza Pública.Con su victoria, Petro asume el desafío de estar a la altura de las grandes expectativas de su electorado: reformar una economía perjudicada por la pandemia de coronavirus y la guerra en Ucrania, controlar las disidencias delictivas armadas y garantizar el acceso a la educación en todas las regiones del país están entre los tópicos más apremiantes.Además, es el último período presidencial con la representación congresual de las FARC garantizada por la Constitución. ¿Aguantará este grupo de presión la transición de una representación política garantizada por el acuerdo a una que dependa exclusivamente de la legitimación del pueblo?“Queremos una, no dos Colombias. Y para que sea una Colombia, en medio de esa enorme diversidad multicolor que somos, necesitamos del amor. Entendida la política del amor como una política del entendimiento, como una política del diálogo. [...] No tendría sentido un gobierno de la vida si no llevamos a la sociedad colombiana a la paz, objetivo central. ¿Qué significa poder hacer la paz? Significa que los 10 millones y pico de electores de Rodolfo Hernández son bienvenidos en este gobierno”, explicaba Petro a la multitud tras la noticia de su victoria.Con este mensaje, Petro no solo acepta formalmente el compromiso de ser una gestión reparadora en un país donde el daño es grande y duele mucho.También abre la puerta a una verdadera reconciliación nacional, una donde los ciudadanos puedan votar según sus convicciones y no por miedo a que el pasado se vuelva presente.Una Colombia unida en la victoria compartida de gozar de instituciones democráticas firmes, que logre recuperarse del sufrimiento histórico a través de una política pública nacional empática y compasiva.Más información en esta entrevista que Emilio hizo este lunes a la periodista colombiana Andrea Aldana, y en este podcast de La Gaitana.🗳 Dos carreras intensasLo importante: dos congresistas demócratas de Virginia ya conocen a los rivales republicanos que intentarán arrebatarles el escaño el próximo noviembre. Ambas carreras congresuales se anticipan como dos de las más duras e intensas del país.Contexto: Abigail Spanberger y Elaine Luria representan distritos bisagra en Virginia, un estado en el que el redibujo de distritos las ha dejado en una situación peliaguda.En el distrito 7, Spanberger pierde a sus constituyentes a las afueras de Richmond, ciudad cerca de la que se crió. A cambio, tendrá que lograr nuevos votantes en el norte del estado, cerca de Washington D.C. y en un condado donde su rival Yesli Vega tiene raíces familiares y políticas y donde podría lograr el apoyo de la comunidad hispana a la que pertenece.En el distrito 2, Luria deberá enfrentarse a su rival republicana en un mapa más difícil que en 2020 con muchos votantes que bien sirven o han servido en las Fuerzas Armadas (hay varias bases de la Marina en el distrito). Ella es excomandante de la Marina. Su rival, Jen Kiggans, expiloto de helicópteros.Explícamelo: Luria y Spanberger tendrán muy complicado revalidar sus victorias tras dos elecciones en 2018 y 2020 en las que ya ganaron por poco. Si consiguen superar las expectativas en un momento económico difícil y de popularidad demócrata baja, sus historias recibirán merecida atención mediática.¿Y ahora? A diferencia de otros estados, sus rivales no han destacado por ser excesivamente pro-Trump, sino por abrazar la estrategia electoral del gobernador republicano de Virginia, Glenn Youngkin, cuya carrera en 2021 fue un reflejo de lo que otros candidatos de su partido podían explotar en otros comicios.Más información en The Washington Post.🔥 Sin pruebasLo importante: al comité congresual especial que investiga el Asalto al Capitolio reveló este martes que Donald Trump y sus aliados lideraron una campaña de presión para lograr que distintos funcionarios estatales les ayudaran a revertir los resultados de las elecciones presidenciales de 2020.En concreto, la sesión se centró en los estados de Georgia y Arizona.Contexto: el comité celebró este martes la cuarta jornada de audiencias públicas con las que pretenden demostrar que Trump estuvo directamente implicado en esas estrategias antidemocráticas que culminaron con la insurrección del 6 de enero de 2021.Explícamelo: trabajadores electorales, legisladores y líderes ejecutivos de Georgia y Arizona testificaron sobre las presiones que recibieron por parte del expresidente y de algunos de sus consejeros más cercanos, incluidos el congresista Andy Biggs y los abogados Rudy Giuliani y John Eastman.Lo más grave lo reveló el presidente republicano de la cámara baja de Arizona. Dijo que cuando le pidió a Giuliani pruebas sobre el fraude electoral a gran escala, el abogado de Trump le dijo: “Tenemos muchas teorías, solo que no tenemos las pruebas [para demostrarlas]”.El senador republicano Ron Johnson también tuvo protagonismo porque intentó entregar al vicepresidente Mike Pence documentos con una serie de electores falsos de Wisconsin y Michigan.La intención era usar esos electores falsos pro-Trump como votos alternativos a los que había logrado Joe Biden por ganar los dos estados del Midwest.Pence rechazó seguir la estrategia de rechazar los votos de Biden y certificar los de Trump durante el 6 de enero. Al final, ideró la ceremonia que acabaría confirmando la victoria de Biden.¿Y ahora? Las siguientes citas del comité prometen revelar cómo las palabras de Trump posibilitaron que tuviera lugar el Asalto al Capitolio.Más información en The Washington Post.🗳 Monitor electoral🇺🇸 Un dúo poco probable: los demócratas de Pennsylvania aspiran a un frente únicoAssociated Press (en inglés; 8 minutos)🇨🇴 Con Petro en Colombia, ¿se consolida un nuevo giro a la izquierda en América Latina?France 24 (en español; 7 minutos)🇮🇹 El ministro de Exteriores italiano abandona el M5S que lideró y provoca su escisiónEl Confidencial (en español; 4 minutos)👾 En el DiscordUn retazo de Maricopa Land@fedefer comparte un hilo sobre la industria del periodismo en España:En otro orden de cosas, este miércoles vuelve Miércoles Gringo para hablar sobre el buscador de Google a raíz de un ensayo que cuestiona su utilidad, la llegada de los drones de Amazon a un barrio near you y la mayor preocupación actual en el mundo cripto.Y sobre mí, ayer fue mi día favorito del año. En el hemisferio sur, cada 21 de junio es el solsticio de invierno. El día más corto, la noche más larga y siempre, de alguna manera, el clima ideal para disfrutar un libro y una taza de café. Si yo fuera presidenta, sería feriado nacional.Feliz miércoles, This is a public episode. If you’d like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.lawikly.com/subscribe

1. V Prezidentskom paláci nemajú dôvod na paniku. 2. Dvojciferná inflácia nás skoro neopustí, opozícia má o voľby postarané. 3. Ak pacienta nezoperujú do štátom určeného termínu, poisťovňa zaplatí zákrok v zahraničí.

Impacto Científico 14 - Los murciélagos: ¿Qué funciones cumplen en la naturaleza?“Si te muerden te conviertes en un vampiro”, “son los causantes del SARS.CoV-2”, “traen mala suerte”. Son algunas de los estigmas que arrastran los murciélagos. Pero ¿Qué tanto sabemos sobre estos mamíferos? Hablamos con la bióloga Amanda Vílchez de Ciencia Ciudadana sobre las funciones que cumplen estos mamíferos en la naturaleza, especialmente, los habitan en nuestra ciudad.Síguenos en Sudaca.pehttps://www.facebook.com/sudacaperu.pehttps://twitter.com/SudacaPeruhttps://www.linkedin.com/company/suda...https://www.instagram.com/sudacaperu/Lima – Perú#Sudaca​​​​ #ImpactoCientífico #Podcast #YvonneVásquez

En "La Rosa de los Vientos" hablamos con Fernando Valladares sobre las revueltas causadas por la situación actual, el aumento de precios, combustibles, luz, etc.

Brillante filósofa, brillante escritora y, en resumen, una mente brillante. Vamos de genio en genio en La Milana, y le ha llegado el turno a la irlandesa Iris Murdoch. Considerada una de las personas más inteligentes de Inglaterra, Murdoch escribió más de 20 obras, entre ficción y ensayo, en los que compaginó brillantemente los dos ámbitos que mejor la definen: filosofía y ficción. Hablamos con la editora de Impedimenta, Pilar Adón, sobre una autora eterna.

Caso en el que un científico, ilusionado con la idea de revivir seres muertos, aplicó algunas técnicas para poder revivirlos. Tocaremos también la ocasión en que se revivió impulsos cerebrales en un grupo de cerdos. Te recomendamos escucharlo a oscuras, altas horas de la noche y con audífonos.Contáctanos: miedoalmisterio@gmail.comPodcast Alonso Andre: https://open.spotify.com/show/1opKVWfljYsndiJ4m9IJWy?si=2f066940ef8c4714Comparte tu relato o sugerencia sobre algún tema en el GRUPO: https://www.facebook.com/groups/4729554437162998Nos puedes encontrar como Miedo al Misterio en las siguientes plataformas:Youtube: www.youtube.com/channel/UCJLBFVgM8J9ctnmYMniAZ-w?sub_confirmation=1Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Miedo-al-misterio-741939776178059/

En este episodio prescindimos momentáneamente de los servicios de Nelson y nos dedicamos a revisar la segunda vuelta electoral de Colombia a pocas horas de su realización. Edgard y Oswaldo se encargan de resumir lo que fue una campaña corta, intensa, muy digital y sin debates, realizando un análisis de la contienda entre Gustavo Petro y Rodolfo Hernández y se atreven a emitir un arriesgado pronóstico.

Planejamento Antifrágil - Estratégias para se beneficiar do caos. Aprenda com Luciano Pires os segredos, estratégias e o passo a passo para incorporar o imponderável aos seus planos e projetos. Vem comigo: http://planejamentoantifragil.com Cara, tudo que eu queria era ouvir um “não”. Sabe por quê? Porque diante dele, eu sei que tenho de buscar alguma alternativa. Parto para outra. Mas não. As pessoas perderam a capacidade de dizer “não”. Para dizê-lo precisam estar ancoradas em alguma decisão maior que lhes retire a culpa... E nem estou me referindo ao “não” por avaliação minuciosa da situação, mas ao “não” por educação. Por favor, diga-me não. Tá esquisito? Explico. Alguma coisa aconteceu com a etiqueta do mundo dos negócios, que fez com que o relacionamento entre as pessoas se transformasse em relacionamento entre avatares, entre robôs, desprovidos de sentimentos, de educação e de respeito. Uma demanda não é recebida como algo que precisa ser respondido. Não. Só merece atenção se puder prejudicar quem a recebeu. Ou se representar um ganho estupidamente irresistível. Não sendo assim, a demanda é algo a ser colocado num canto, para caducar. Entro em contato com um potencial cliente, patrocinador, parceiro, colaborador. Mando a demanda. Ele recebe e não responde. Silêncio. Sei que leu, sei que entendeu, mas não responde. Cara, por favor, diga-me não! Não quero, não interessa, não é bom, não vi valor, não é hora. O não é uma palavrinha mágica, sabe por quê? Porque ele libera a gente para cuidar da vida, investir em outras paradas. O não é libertador. Se for um “não” calcado numa avalição cuidadosa da minha proposta, ficarei satisfeito em recebe-lo. Provavelmente junto com ele vem um feedback precioso. Se for um “não” por preguiça, ignorância, preconceito ou simplesmente burrice, ficarei desapontado, mas... seguirei em frente. Quando o “não” não vem, é substituído por um silêncio sepulcral, pela não-resposta, indica que estou recebendo o pior dos sentimentos: a indiferença. Para a pessoa, eu não existo. Fico num vácuo. O não liberta. Dê-me um não, por favor... Você também se incomoda? Então fique comigo que continuo esta reflexão neste vídeo: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V5P-5B-NX64   Gostou? De onde veio este, tem muito, mas muito mais. Torne-se um assinante do Café Brasil e nos ajude a continuar produzindo conteúdo gratuito que auxilia milhares de pessoas a refinar seu processo de julgamento e tomada de decisão. Acesse http://mundocafebrasil.com

Planejamento Antifrágil - Estratégias para se beneficiar do caos. Aprenda com Luciano Pires os segredos, estratégias e o passo a passo para incorporar o imponderável aos seus planos e projetos. Vem comigo: http://planejamentoantifragil.com Cara, tudo que eu queria era ouvir um “não”. Sabe por quê? Porque diante dele, eu sei que tenho de buscar alguma alternativa. Parto para outra. Mas não. As pessoas perderam a capacidade de dizer “não”. Para dizê-lo precisam estar ancoradas em alguma decisão maior que lhes retire a culpa... E nem estou me referindo ao “não” por avaliação minuciosa da situação, mas ao “não” por educação. Por favor, diga-me não. Tá esquisito? Explico. Alguma coisa aconteceu com a etiqueta do mundo dos negócios, que fez com que o relacionamento entre as pessoas se transformasse em relacionamento entre avatares, entre robôs, desprovidos de sentimentos, de educação e de respeito. Uma demanda não é recebida como algo que precisa ser respondido. Não. Só merece atenção se puder prejudicar quem a recebeu. Ou se representar um ganho estupidamente irresistível. Não sendo assim, a demanda é algo a ser colocado num canto, para caducar. Entro em contato com um potencial cliente, patrocinador, parceiro, colaborador. Mando a demanda. Ele recebe e não responde. Silêncio. Sei que leu, sei que entendeu, mas não responde. Cara, por favor, diga-me não! Não quero, não interessa, não é bom, não vi valor, não é hora. O não é uma palavrinha mágica, sabe por quê? Porque ele libera a gente para cuidar da vida, investir em outras paradas. O não é libertador. Se for um “não” calcado numa avalição cuidadosa da minha proposta, ficarei satisfeito em recebe-lo. Provavelmente junto com ele vem um feedback precioso. Se for um “não” por preguiça, ignorância, preconceito ou simplesmente burrice, ficarei desapontado, mas... seguirei em frente. Quando o “não” não vem, é substituído por um silêncio sepulcral, pela não-resposta, indica que estou recebendo o pior dos sentimentos: a indiferença. Para a pessoa, eu não existo. Fico num vácuo. O não liberta. Dê-me um não, por favor... Você também se incomoda? Então fique comigo que continuo esta reflexão neste vídeo: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V5P-5B-NX64   Gostou? De onde veio este, tem muito, mas muito mais. Torne-se um assinante do Café Brasil e nos ajude a continuar produzindo conteúdo gratuito que auxilia milhares de pessoas a refinar seu processo de julgamento e tomada de decisão. Acesse http://mundocafebrasil.com

Agradece a este podcast tantas horas de entretenimiento y disfruta de episodios exclusivos como éste. ¡Apóyale en iVoox! R2 - La cosmología moderna describe con un alto grado de precisión la historia del universo. Sin embargo, algunas preguntas fundamentales continúan sin respuesta. Una de esas cuestiones atañe a la naturaleza de la gran explosión, el repentino y violento origen del espacio y el tiempo a partir de un punto de densidad infinita. Escucha el episodio completo en la app de iVoox, o descubre todo el catálogo de iVoox Originals

Jair Bolsonaro voltou a atacar nesta terça-feira (14) o ministro do STF Edson Fachin, que preside o Tribunal Superior Eleitoral (TSE). Desta vez, além do arsenal bolsonarista que busca ligar o ministro ao ex-presidente Lula, Bolsonaro tentou atrelá-lo à violência nos morros do Rio de Janeiro. Para o presidente, os morros cariocas são “refúgios da bandidagem”, graças a uma decisão da Suprema Corte que só permite ações policiais em morros cariocas durante a pandemia em casos excepcionais, com prévio aviso ao Ministério Público. O caso foi relatado por Fachin. “Nos morros do Rio, onde o Fachin disse que a polícia não pode entrar nem sobrevoar helicóptero, tá cheio de fuzil – virou o refúgio da bandidagem do Brasil todo”, disse Bolsonaro, omitindo o fato de que a decisão foi tomada pela maioria dos ministros e cobra atendimento às vítimas das operações pelo Estado, quando possível. “Parabéns, ministro Fachin! Tremenda colaboração com o narcotráfico e com a bandidagem de maneira geral.” No discurso, Bolsonaro ainda voltou a criticar a atuação do TSE visando as eleições de outubro. De improviso, Bolsonaro disse que as eleições são “questões de segurança nacional” e alegou que parte dos ministros da corte, ao “jogar fora das quatro linhas da Constituição”, estariam conspirando contra ele. Bolsonaro falou durante a abertura do 5º Fórum de Investimentos Brasil, em uma agenda presidencial em São Paulo. Durante a tarde, Bolsonaro retorna para Brasília. Cadastre-se para receber nossa newsletter: https://bit.ly/2Gl9AdL​ Confira mais notícias em nosso site: https://www.oantagonista.com​ Acompanhe nossas redes sociais: https://www.fb.com/oantagonista​ https://www.twitter.com/o_antagonista​ https://www.instagram.com/o_antagonista No Youtube deixe seu like e se inscreva no canal: https://www.youtube.com/c/OAntagonista

En 'Territorio Negro', hablamos con Luis Rendueles, Manu Marlasca y Eva Delgado, cabo primero del servicio marítimo de la Guardia Civil.

En 'Territorio Negro', hablamos con Luis Rendueles, Manu Marlasca y Eva Delgado, cabo primero del servicio marítimo de la Guardia Civil.

Ejército y Guardia Nacional despliegan ofensiva contra carteles del narcotráfico en Michoacán Justin Trudeaum dio a conocer que dio positivo a CovidLas fiscalías estatales y federales han registrado 123 mil 178 homicidios dolosos en México

Lala Chus ha investigado profundamente en la leyenda urbana de "la niña de la curva" y ha encontrado a la primera de todas. ¡Y la tenemos en exclusiva en Cuerpos especiales!

Carlos Briones viene ha hablar sobre la inmensidad del universo, 100.000 millones de galaxias en el univero observable, nos hacen llegar a la clásica pregunta ¿Hay vida más allá de la tierra?

Naz Beheshti began her career as the executive assistant to Steve Jobs at Apple. Jobs, her mentor, is the inspiration behind her new book, Pause. Breathe. Choose.: Become the CEO of Your Well-Being. He had an early and profound influence on her belief that the ultimate wealth is well-being.In 2012, Naz founded Prananaz, a corporate wellness company that provides custom, high-touch, high-tech programs improving leadership effectiveness, employee well-being, employee engagement, company culture, and business results. Some of her clients include Google, Facebook, Nike, JPMorgan Chase, Gilead Sciences, Skadden, Fico, Coinbase, UCSF Health, and Columbia University. Prananaz delivers programs, workshops, coaching, consulting, keynotes, and training to teams and organizations of all sizes.Naz's diverse experience includes a decade in the high-stress environments of tech startups, Fortune 500s, and pharmaceutical companies (Apple, Yahoo!, AstraZeneca). She also co-founded Rise 2 Shine, a non-profit organization committed to helping alleviate the suffering of young children in Haiti.Naz's work has been widely featured in the media, including CNBC, BBC, Yahoo, Inc., Fast Company, O: The Oprah Magazine, and many more. She is also a regular Forbes contributor with over 150 published articles on mindful leadership and corporate wellness and writes for Entrepreneur and Thrive Global. She holds a BA in Psychology from the University of California, Santa Cruz. She is a certified Holistic Health Coach, certified Transformational Coach, certified Advanced NLP (neuro-linguistic programming) Practitioner, certified yoga instructor, and lifelong practitioner, and trained TM (transcendental meditation) practitioner.Naz divides her time between New York City and Miami Beach. Visit her online at https://nazbeheshti.comwww.livelifedriven.com

Harry's guest Eric Daimler, a serial software entrepreneur and a former Presidential Innovation Fellow in the Obama Administration, has an interesting argument about math. If you're a young person today trying to decide which math course you're going to take—or maybe an old person who just wants to brush up—he says you shouldn't bother with trigonometry or calculus. Instead he says you should study category theory. An increasingly important in computer science, category theory is about the relationships between sets or structures. It can be used to prove that different structures are consistent or compatible with one another, and to prove that the relationships in a dataset are still intact even after the data has been transformed in some way. Together with two former MIT mathematicians, Daimler co-founded a company called Conexus that uses category theory to tackle the problem of data interoperability. Longtime listeners know that data interoperability in healthcare, or more often the lack of interoperability, is a repeating theme of the show. In fields from drug development to frontline medical care, we've got petabytes of data to work with, in the form of electronic medical records, genomic and proteomic data, and clinical trial data. That data could be the fuel for machine learning and other kinds of computation that could help us make develop drugs faster and make smarter decisions about care. The problem is, it's all stored in different databases and formats that can't be safely merged without a nightmarish amount of work. So when someone like Daimler says they have a way to use math to bring heterogeneous data together without compromising that data's integrity – well, it's time to pay attention. That's why on today's show, we're all going back to school for an introductory class in category theory.Please rate and review The Harry Glorikian Show on Apple Podcasts! Here's how to do that from an iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch:1. Open the Podcasts app on your iPhone, iPad, or Mac. 2. Navigate to The Harry Glorikian Show podcast. You can find it by searching for it or selecting it from your library. Just note that you'll have to go to the series page which shows all the episodes, not just the page for a single episode.3. Scroll down to find the subhead titled "Ratings & Reviews."4. Under one of the highlighted reviews, select "Write a Review."5. Next, select a star rating at the top — you have the option of choosing between one and five stars. 6. Using the text box at the top, write a title for your review. Then, in the lower text box, write your review. Your review can be up to 300 words long.7. Once you've finished, select "Send" or "Save" in the top-right corner. 8. If you've never left a podcast review before, enter a nickname. Your nickname will be displayed next to any reviews you leave from here on out. 9. After selecting a nickname, tap OK. Your review may not be immediately visible.That's it! Thanks so much.TranscriptHarry Glorikian: Hello. I'm Harry Glorikian, and this is The Harry Glorikian Show, where we explore how technology is changing everything we know about healthcare.My guest today is Eric Daimler, a serial software entrepreneur and a former Presidential Innovation Fellow in the Obama Administration.And he has an interesting argument about math. Daimler says if you're a young person today trying to decide which math course you're going to take, or maybe an old person who just wants to brush up, you shouldn't bother with trigonometry or calculus.Instead he says you should study category theory.That's a field that isn't even part of the curriculum at most high schools. But it's increasingly important in computer science.Category theory is about the relationships between sets or structures. It can be used to prove that different structures are consistent or compatible with one another, and to prove that the relationships in a dataset are still intact even after you've transformed that data in some way.Together with two former MIT mathematicians, Daimler co-founded a company called Conexus that uses category theory to tackle the problem of data interoperability.Now…longtime listeners of the show know that data interoperability in healthcare, or more often the lack of interoperability, is one of my biggest hobby horses. In fields from drug development to frontline medical care, we've got petabytes of data to work with, in the form of electronic medical records, genomic and proteomic data, and clinical trial data.That data could be the fuel for machine learning and other kinds of computation that could help us make develop drugs faster and make smarter decisions about care. The problem is, it's all stored in different databases and formats that can't be safely merged without a nightmarish amount of work.So when someone like Daimler says they have a way to use math to bring heterogeneous data together without compromising that data's integrity – well, I pay attention.So on today's show, we're all going back to school for an introductory class in category theory from Conexus CEO Eric Daimler.Harry Glorikian: Eric, welcome to the show.Eric Daimler: It's great to be here.Harry Glorikian: So I was reading your varied background. I mean, you've worked in so many different kinds of organizations. I'm not sure that there is a compact way or even an accurate way to describe you. So can you describe yourself? You know, what do you do and what are your main interest areas?Eric Daimler: Yeah, I mean, the easiest way to describe me might come from my mother. Well, where, you know, somebody asked her, is that the doctor? And she says, Well, yes, but he's not the type that helps people. So I you know, I've been doing research around artificial intelligence and I from a lot of different perspectives around my research in graph theory and machine learning and computational linguistics. I've been a venture capitalist on Sand Hill Road. I've done entrepreneurship, done entrepreneurship, and I started a couple of businesses which I'm doing now. And most notably I was doing policy in Washington, D.C. is part of the Obama administration for a time. So I am often known for that last part. But my background really is rare, if not unique, for having the exposure to AI from all of those angles, from business, academia and policy.Harry Glorikian: Yeah. I mean, I was looking at the obviously the like you said, the one thing that jumped out to me was the you were a Presidential Innovation Fellow in the Obama administration in 2016. Can you can you give listeners an idea of what is what is the Presidential Innovation Fellowship Program? You know, who are the types of people that are fellows and what kind of things do they do?Eric Daimler: Sure, it was I guess with that sort of question, it's helpful then to give a broader picture, even how it started. There was a a program started during the Nixon administration that's colloquially known as the Science Advisers to the President, you know, a bipartisan group to give science advice to the president that that's called the OSTP, Office of Science and Technology Policy. There are experts within that group that know know everything from space to cancer, to be super specific to, in my domain, computer security. And I was the authority that was the sole authority during my time in artificial intelligence. So there are other people with other expertise there. There are people in different capacities. You know, I had the particular capacity, I had the particular title that I had that was a one year term. The staffing for these things goes up and down, depending on the administration in ways that you might be able to predict and guess. The people with those titles also also find themselves in different parts of the the executive branch. So they will do a variety of things that are not predicted by the the title of the fellow. My particular role that I happened to be doing was in helping to coordinate on behalf of the President, humbly, on behalf of the President, their research agenda across the executive branch. There are some very able people with whom I had the good fortune of working during my time during my time there, some of which are now in the in the Biden administration. And again, it's to be a nonpartisan effort around artificial intelligence. Both sides should really be advocates for having our research agenda in government be most effective. But my role was coordinating such things as, really this is helpful, the definition of robotics, which you might be surprised by as a reflex but but quickly find to be useful when you're thinking that the Defense Department's definition and use, therefore, of robotics is really fundamentally different than that of health and human services use and a definition of robotics and the VA and Department of Energy and State and and so forth.Eric Daimler: So that is we find to be useful, to be coordinated by the Office of the President and experts speaking on behalf. It was started really this additional impulse was started after the effects of, I'll generously call them, of healthcare.gov and the trip-ups there where President Obama, to his great credit, realized that we needed to attract more technologists into government, that we had a lot of lawyers to be sure we had, we had a ton of academics, but we didn't have a lot of business people, practical technologists. So he created a way to get people like me motivated to come into government for short, short periods of time. The the idea was that you could sit around a cabinet, a cabinet meeting, and you could you would never be able to raise your hand saying, oh, I don't know anything about economics or I don't know anything about foreign policy, but you could raise your hand and say, Oh, I don't know anything about technology. That needs to be a thing of the past. President Obama saw that and created a program starting with Todd. Todd Park, the chief technologist, the second chief technology officer of the United States, is fantastic to to start to start some programs to bring in people like me.Harry Glorikian: Oh, yeah. And believe me, in health care, we need we need more technologists, which I always preach. I'm like, don't go to Facebook. Come here. You know, you can get double whammy. You can make money and you can affect people's lives. So I'm always preaching that to everybody. But so if I'm not mistaken, in early 2021, you wrote an open letter to the brand new Biden administration calling for sort of a big federal effort to improve national data infrastructure. Like, can you summarize for everybody the argument in that piece and. Do you see them doing any of the items that you're suggesting?Eric Daimler: Right. The the idea is that despite us making some real good efforts during the Obama administration with solidifying our, I'll say, our view on artificial intelligence across the executive, and this continuing actually into the Trump administration with the establishment of an AI office inside the OSTP. So credit where credit is due. That extended into the the Biden administration, where some very well-meaning people can be focusing on different parts of the the conundrum of AI expressions, having various distortions. You know, the popular one we will read about is this distortion of bias that can express itself in really ugly ways, as you know, as individuals, especially for underrepresented groups. The point of the article was to help others be reminded of of some of the easy, low hanging fruit that we can that we can work on around AI. So, you know, bias comes in a lot of different ways, the same way we all have cognitive distortions, you know, cognitive biases. There are some like 50 of them, right. You know, bias can happen around gender and ethnicity and age, sexual orientation and so forth. You know, it all can also can come from absence of data. There's a type of bias that's present just by being in a developed, rich country in collecting, for example, with Conexus's customers, my company Conexus's customers, where they are trying to report on their good efforts for economic and social good and around clean, renewable energies, they find that there's a bias in being able to collect data in rich countries versus developing countries.Eric Daimler: That's another type of bias. So that was that was the point of me writing that open letter, to prioritize, these letters. It's just to distinguish what the low hanging fruit was versus some of the hard problems. The, some of tthe low hanging fruit, I think is available, I can say, In three easy parts that people can remember. One is circuit breakers. So we we can have circuit breakers in a lot of different parts of these automated systems. You know, automated car rolling down a road is, is the easiest example where, you know, at some point a driver needs to take over control to determine to make a judgment about that shadow being a person or a tumbleweed on the crosswalk, that's a type of circuit breaker. We can have those circuit breakers in a lot of different automated systems. Another one is an audit. And the way I mean is audit is having people like me or just generally people that are experts in the craft being able to distinguish the data or the biases can become possible from the data model algorithms where biases also can become possible. Right. And we get a lot of efficiency from these automated systems, these learning algorithms. I think we can afford a little bit taken off to audit the degree to which these data models are doing what we intend.Eric Daimler: And an example of a data model is that Delta Airlines, you know, they know my age or my height, and I fly to San Francisco, to New York or some such thing. The data model would be their own proprietary algorithm to determine whether or not I am deserving of an upgrade to first class, for example. That's a data model. We can have other data models. A famous one that we all are part of is FICO scores, credit scores, and those don't have to be disclosed. None of us actually know what Experian or any of the credit agencies used to determine our credit scores. But they they use these type of things called zero knowledge proofs, where we just send through enough data, enough times that we can get to a sense of what those data models are. So that's an exposure of a data model. A declarative exposure would be maybe a next best thing, a next step, and that's a type of audit.Eric Daimler: And then the third low hanging fruit, I'd say, around regulation, and I think these are just coming towards eventualities, is demanding lineage or demanding provenance. You know, you'll see a lot of news reports, often on less credible sites, but sometimes on on shockingly credible sites where claims are made that you need to then search yourself and, you know, people in a hurry just won't do it, when these become very large systems and very large systems of information, alert systems of automation, I want to know: How were these conclusions given? So, you know, an example in health care would be if my clinician gave me a diagnosis of, let's say, some sort of cancer. And then to say, you know, here's a drug, by the way, and there's a five chance, 5 percent chance of there being some awful side effects. You know, that's a connection of causation or a connection of of conclusions that I'm really not comfortable with. You know, I want to know, like, every step is like, wait, wait. So, so what type of cancer? So what's the probability of my cancer? You know, where is it? And so what drug, you know, how did you make that decision? You know, I want to know every little step of the way. It's fine that they give me that conclusion, but I want to be able to back that up. You know, a similar example, just in everyday parlance for people would be if I did suddenly to say I want a house, and then houses are presented to me. I don't quite want that. Although that looks like good for a Hollywood narrative. Right? I want to say, oh, wait, what's my income? Or what's my cash? You know, how much? And then what's my credit? Like, how much can I afford? Oh, these are houses you can kind of afford. Like, I want those little steps or at least want to back out how those decisions were made available. That's a lineage. So those three things, circuit breaker, audit, lineage, those are three pieces of low hanging fruit that I think the European Union, the State of New York and other other government entities would be well served to prioritize.Harry Glorikian: I would love all of them, especially, you know, the health care example, although I'm not holding my breath because I might not come back to life by how long I'd have to hold my breath on that one. But we're hoping for the best and we talk about that on the show all the time. But you mentioned Conexus. You're one of three co founders, I believe. If I'm not mistaken, Conexus is the first ever commercial spin out from MIT's math department. The company is in the area of large scale data integration, building on insights that come out of the field of mathematics that's called category algebra, categorical algebra, or something called enterprise category theory. And to be quite honest, I did have to Wikipedia to sort of look that up, was not familiar with it. So can you explain category algebra in terms of a non mathematician and maybe give us an example that someone can wrap their mind around.Eric Daimler: Yeah. Yeah. And it's important to get into because even though what my company does is, Conexus does a software expression of categorical algebra, it's really beginning to permeate our world. You know, the the way I tell my my nieces and nephews is, what do quantum computers, smart contracts and Minecraft all have in common? And the answer is composability. You know, they are actually all composable. And what composable is, is it's kind of related to modularity, but it's modularity without regard to scale. So the the easy analogy is in trains where, yeah, you can swap out a boxcar in a train, but mostly trains can only get to be a couple of miles long. Swap in and out boxcars, but the train is really limited in scale. Whereas the train system, the system of a train can be infinitely large, infinitely complex. At every point in the track you can have another track. That is the difference between modularity and composability. So Minecraft is infinitely self referential where you have a whole 'nother universe that exists in and around Minecraft. In smart contracts is actually not enabled without the ability to prove the efficacy, which is then enabled by categorical algebra or its sister in math, type theory. They're kind of adjacent. And that's similar to quantum computing. So quantum computing is very sexy. It gets in the press quite frequently with forks and all, all that. If it you wouldn't be able to prove the efficacy of a quantum compiler, you wouldn't actually. Humans can't actually say whether it's true or not without type theory or categorical algebra.Eric Daimler: How you think of kind categorical algebra you can think of as a little bit related to graph theory. Graph theory is those things that you see, they look like spider webs. If you see the visualizations of graph theories are graphs. Category theory is a little bit related, you might say, to graph theory, but with more structure or more semantics or richness. So in each point, each node and each edge, in the vernacular, you can you can put an infinite amount of information. That's really what a categorical algebra allows. This, the discovery, this was invented to be translating math between different domains of math. The discovery in 2011 from one of my co-founders, who was faculty at MIT's Math Department, was that we could apply that to databases. And it's in that the whole world opens up. This solves the problem that that bedeviled the good folks trying to work on healthcare.gov. It allows for a good explanation of how we can prevent the next 737 Max disaster, where individual systems certainly can be formally verified. But the whole plane doesn't have a mechanism of being formally verified with classic approaches. And it also has application in drug discovery, where we have a way of bringing together hundreds of thousands of databases in a formal way without risk of data being misinterpreted, which is a big deal when you have a 10-year time horizon for FDA trials and you have multiple teams coming in and out of data sets and and human instinct to hoard data and a concern about it ever becoming corrupted. This math and the software expression built upon it opens up just a fantastically rich new world of opportunity for for drug discovery and for clinicians and for health care delivery. And the list is quite, quite deep.Harry Glorikian: So. What does Conexus provide its clients? Is it a service? Is it a technology? Is it both? Can you give us an example of it?Eric Daimler: Yeah. So Conexus is software. Conexus is enterprise software. It's an enterprise software platform that works generally with very large organizations that have generally very large complex data data infrastructures. You know the example, I can start in health care and then I can I can move to an even bigger one, was with a hospital group that we work with in New York City. I didn't even know health care groups could really have this problem. But it's endemic to really the world's data, where one group within the same hospital had a particular way that they represented diabetes. Now to a layman, layman in a health care sense, I would think, well, there's a definition of diabetes. I can just look it up in the Oxford English Dictionary. But this particular domain found diabetes to just be easily represented as yes, no. Do they have it? Do they not? Another group within the same hospital group thought that they would represent it as diabetes, ow are we treating it? A third group would be representing it as diabetes, how long ago. And then a fourth group had some well-meaning clinicians that would characterize it as, they had it and they have less now or, you know, type one, type two, you know, with a more more nuanced view.Eric Daimler: The traditional way of capturing that data, whether it's for drug discovery or whether it's for delivery, is to normalize it, which would then squash the fidelity of the data collected within those groups. Or they most likely to actually just wouldn't do it. They wouldn't collect the data, they wouldn't bring the data together because it's just too hard, it's too expensive. They would use these processes called ETL, extract, transform, load, that have been around for 30 years but are often slow, expensive, fragile. They could take six months to year, cost $1,000,000, deploy 50 to 100 people generally from Accenture or Deloitte or Tata or Wipro. You know, that's a burden. It's a burden, you know, so the data wasn't available and that would then impair the researchers and their ability to to share data. And it would impair clinicians in their view of patient care. And it also impaired the people in operations where they would work on billing. So we work with one company right now that that works on 1.4 trillion records a year. And they just have trouble with that volume and the number of databases and the heterogeneous data infrastructure, bringing together that data to give them one view that then can facilitate health care delivery. Eric Daimler: The big example is, we work with Uber where they they have a very smart team, as smart as one might think. They also have an effectively infinite balance sheet with which they could fund an ideal IT infrastructure. But despite that, you know, Uber grew up like every other organization optimizing for the delivery of their service or product and, and that doesn't entail optimizing for that infrastructure. So what they found, just like this hospital group with different definitions of diabetes, they found they happen to have grown up around service areas. So in this case cities, more or less. So when then the time came to do analysis -- we're just passing Super Bowl weekend, how will the Super Bowl affect the the supply of drivers or the demand from riders? They had to do it for the city of San Francisco, separate than the city of San Jose or the city of Oakland. They couldn't do the whole San Francisco Bay Area region, let alone the whole of the state or the whole of the country or what have you. And that repeated itself for every business question, every organizational question that they would want to have. This is the same in drug discovery. This is the same in patient care delivery or in billing. These operational questions are hard, shockingly hard.Eric Daimler: We had another one in logistics where we had a logistics company that had 100,000 employees. I didn't even know some of these companies could be so big, and they actually had a client with 100,000 employees. That client had 1000 ships, each one of which had 10,000 containers. And I didn't even know like how big these systems were really. I hadn't thought about it. But I mean, they're enormous. And the question was, hey, where's our personal protective equipment? Where is the PPE? And that's actually a hard question to ask. You know, we are thinking about maybe our FedEx tracking numbers from an Amazon order. But if you're looking at the PPE and where it is on a container or inside of a ship, you know, inside this large company, it's actually a hard question to ask. That's this question that all of these organizations have. Eric Daimler: In our case, Uber, where they they they had a friction in time and in money and in accuracy, asking every one of these business questions. They went then to find, how do I solve this problem? Do I use these old tools of ETL from the '80s? Do I use these more modern tools from the 2000s? They're called RDF or OWL? Or is there something else? They discovered that they needed a more foundational system, this categorical algebra that that's now expressing itself in smart contracts and quantum computers and other places. And they just then they found, oh, who are the leaders in the enterprise software expression of that math? And it's us. We happen to be 40 miles north of them. Which is fortunate. We worked with Uber to to solve that problem in bringing together their heterogeneous data infrastructure to solve their problems. And to have them tell it they save $10 million plus a year in in the efficiency and speed gains from the solution we helped provide for them.[musical interlude]Harry Glorikian: Let's pause the conversation for a minute to talk about one small but important thing you can do, to help keep the podcast going. And that's leave a rating and a review for the show on Apple Podcasts.All you have to do is open the Apple Podcasts app on your smartphone, search for The Harry Glorikian Show, and scroll down to the Ratings & Reviews section. Tap the stars to rate the show, and then tap the link that says Write a Review to leave your comments. It'll only take a minute, but you'll be doing a lot to help other listeners discover the show.And one more thing. If you like the interviews we do here on the show I know you'll like my new book, The Future You: How Artificial Intelligence Can Help You Get Healthier, Stress Less, and Live Longer.It's a friendly and accessible tour of all the ways today's information technologies are helping us diagnose diseases faster, treat them more precisely, and create personalized diet and exercise programs to prevent them in the first place.The book is now available in print and ebook formats. Just go to Amazon or Barnes & Noble and search for The Future You by Harry Glorikian.And now, back to the show.[musical interlude]Harry Glorikian: So your website says that your software can map data sources to each other so that the perfect data model is discovered, not designed. And so what does that mean? I mean, does that imply that there's some machine learning or other form of artificial intelligence involved, sort of saying here are the right pieces to put together as opposed to let me design this just for you. I'm trying to piece it together.Eric Daimler: Yeah. You know, the way we might come at this is just reminding ourselves about the structure of artificial intelligence. You know, in the public discourse, we will often find news, I'm sure you can find it today, on deep learning. You know, whatever's going on in deep learning because it's sexy, it's fun. You know, DeepMind really made a name for themselves and got them acquired at a pretty valuation because of their their Hollywood-esque challenge to Go, and solving of that game. But that particular domain of AI, deep learning, deep neural nets is a itself just a subset of machine learning. I say just not not not to minimize it. It's a fantastically powerful algorithm. But but just to place it, it is a subset of machine learning. And then machine learning itself is a subset of artificial intelligence. That's a probabilistic subset. So we all know probabilities are, those are good and bad. Fine when the context is digital advertising, less fine when it's the safety of a commercial jet. There is another part of artificial intelligence called deterministic artificial intelligence. They often get expressed as expert systems. Those generally got a bad name with the the flops of the early '80s. Right. They flopped because of scale, by the way. And then the flops in the early 2000s and 2010s from IBM's ill fated Watson experiment, the promise did not meet the the reality.Eric Daimler: It's in that deterministic A.I. that that magic is to be found, especially when deployed in conjunction with the probabilistic AI. That's that's where really the future is. There's some people have a religious view of, oh, it's only going to be a probabilistic world but there's many people like myself and not to bring up fancy names, but Andrew Ng, who's a brilliant AI researcher and investor, who also also shares this view, that it's a mix of probabilistic and deterministic AI. What deterministic AI does is, to put it simply, it searches the landscape of all possible connections. Actually it's difference between bottoms up and tops down. So the traditional way of, well, say, integrating things is looking at, for example, that hospital network and saying, oh, wow, we have four definitions of diabetes. Let me go solve this problem and create the one that works for our hospital network. Well, then pretty soon you have five standards, right? That's the traditional way that that goes. That's what a top down looks that looks like.Eric Daimler: It's called a Golden Record often, and it rarely works because pretty soon what happens is the organizations will find again their own need for their own definition of diabetes. In most all cases, that's top down approach rarely works. The bottoms up approach says, Let's discover the connections between these and we'll discover the relationships. We don't discover it organically like we depend on people because it's deterministic. I, we, we discover it through a massive, you know, non intuitive in some cases, it's just kind of infeasible for us to explore a trillion connections. But what the AI does is it explores a factorial number actually is a technical, the technical equation for it, a factorial number of of possible paths that then determine the map of relationships between between entities. So imagine just discovering the US highway system. If you did that as a person, it's going to take a bit. If you had some infinitely fast crawlers that robot's discovering the highway system infinitely fast, remember, then that's a much more effective way of doing it that gives you some degree of power. That's the difference between bottoms up and tops down. That's the difference between deterministic, really, we might say, and probabilistic in some simple way.Harry Glorikian: Yeah, I'm a firm believer of the two coming together and again, I just look at them as like a box. I always tell people like, it's a box of tools. I need to know the problem, and then we can sort of reach in and pick out which set of tools that are going to come together to solve this issue, as opposed to this damn word called AI that everybody thinks is one thing that they're sort of throwing at the wall to solve a problem.Harry Glorikian: But you're trying to solve, I'm going to say, data interoperability. And on this show I've had a lot of people talk about interoperability in health care, which I actually believe is, you could break the system because things aren't working right or I can't see what I need to see across the two hospitals that I need information from. But you published an essay on Medium about Haven, the health care collaboration between Amazon, JPMorgan, Berkshire Hathaway. Their goal was to use big data to guide patients to the best performing clinicians and the most affordable medicines. They originally were going to serve these first three founding companies. I think knowing the people that started it, their vision was bigger than that. There was a huge, you know, to-do when it came out. Fireworks and everything. Launched in 2018. They hired Atul Gawande, famous author, surgeon. But then Gawande left in 2020. And, you know, the company was sort of quietly, you know, pushed off into the sunset. Your essay argued that Haven likely failed due to data interoperability challenges. I mean. How so? What what specific challenges do you imagine Haven ran into?Eric Daimler: You know, it's funny, I say in the article very gently that I imagine this is what happened. And it's because I hedge it that that the Harvard Business Review said, "Oh, well, you're just guessing." Actually, I wasn't guessing. No, I know. I know the people that were doing it. I know the challenges there. But but I'm not going to quote them and get them in trouble. And, you know, they're not authorized to speak on it. So I perhaps was a little too modest in my framing of the conclusion. So this actually is what happened. What happens is in the same way that we had the difficulty with healthcare.gov, in the same way that I described these banks having difficulty. Heterogeneous databases don't like to talk to one another. In a variety of different ways. You know, the diabetes example is true, but it's just one of many, many, many, many, many, many cases of data just being collected differently for their own use. It can be as prosaic as first name, last name or "F.last name." Right? It's just that simple, you know? And how do I bring those together? Well, those are those are called entity resolutions. Those are somewhat straightforward, but not often 100 percent solvable. You know, this is just a pain. It's a pain. And, you know, so what what Haven gets into is they're saying, well, we're massive. We got like Uber, we got an effectively infinite balance sheet. We got some very smart people. We'll solve this problem. And, you know, this is some of the problem with getting ahead of yourself. You know, I won't call it arrogance, but getting ahead of yourself, is that, you think, oh, I'll just be able to solve that problem.Eric Daimler: You know, credit where credit is due to Uber, you know, they looked both deeper saying, oh, this can't be solved at the level of computer science. And they looked outside, which is often a really hard organizational exercise. That just didn't happen at Haven. They thought they thought they could they could solve it themselves and they just didn't. The databases, not only could they have had, did have, their own structure, but they also were stored in different formats or by different vendors. So you have an SAP database, you have an Oracle database. That's another layer of complication. And when I say that these these take $1,000,000 to connect, that's not $1,000,000 one way. It's actually $2 million if you want to connect it both ways. Right. And then when you start adding five, let alone 50, you take 50 factorial. That's a very big number already. You multiply that times a million and 6 to 12 months for each and a hundred or two hundred people each. And you just pretty soon it's an infeasible budget. It doesn't work. You know, the budget for us solving solving Uber's problem in the traditional way was something on the order of $2 trillion. You know, you do that. You know, we had a bank in the U.S. and the budget for their vision was was a couple of billion. Like, it doesn't work. Right. That's that's what happened Haven. They'll get around to it, but but they're slow, like all organizations, big organizations are. They'll get around to solving this at a deeper level. We hope that we will remain leaders in database integration when they finally realize that the solution is at a deeper level than their than the existing tools.Harry Glorikian: So I mean, this is not I mean, there's a lot of people trying to solve this problem. It's one of those areas where if we don't solve it, I don't think we're going to get health care to the next level, to sort of manage the information and manage people and get them what they need more efficiently and drive down costs.Eric Daimler: Yeah.Harry Glorikian: And I do believe that EMRs are. I don't want to call them junk. Maybe I'm going too far, but I really think that they you know, if you had decided that you were going to design something to manage patients, that is not the software you would have written to start. Hands down. Which I worry about because these places won't, they spent so much putting them in that trying to get them to rip them out and put something in that actually works is challenging. You guys were actually doing something in COVID-19, too, if I'm not mistaken. Well, how is that project going? I don't know if it's over, but what are you learning about COVID-19 and the capabilities of your software, let's say?Eric Daimler: Yeah. You know, this is an important point that for anybody that's ever used Excel, we know what it means to get frustrated enough to secretly hard code a cell, you know, not keeping a formula in a cell. Yeah, that's what happened in a lot of these systems. So we will continue with electronic medical records to to bring these together, but they will end up being fragile, besides slow and expensive to construct. They will end up being fragile, because they were at some point hardcoded. And how that gets expressed is that the next time some other database standard appears inside of that organization's ecosystem from an acquisition or a divestiture or a different technical standard, even emerging, and then the whole process starts all over again. You know, we just experience this with a large company that that spent $100 million in about five years. And then they came to us and like, yeah, we know it works now, but we know like a year from now we're going to have to say we're going to go through it again. And, it's not like, oh, we'll just have a marginal difference. No, it's again, that factorial issue, that one database connected to the other 50 that already exist, creates this same problem all over again at a couple of orders of magnitude. So what we discover is these systems, these systems in the organization, they will continue to exist.Eric Daimler: These fragile systems will continue to exist. They'll continue to scale. They'll continue to grow in different parts of the life sciences domain, whether it's for clinicians, whether it's for operations, whether it's for drug discovery. Those will continue to exist. They'll continue to expand, and they will begin to approach the type of compositional systems that I'm describing from quantum computers or Minecraft or smart contracts, where you then need the the discovery and math that Conexus expresses in software for databases. When you need that is when you then need to prove the efficacy or otherwise demonstrate the lack of fragility or the integrity of the semantics. Conexus can with, it's a law of nature and it's in math, with 100 percent accuracy, prove the integrity of a database integration. And that matters in high consequence context when you're doing something as critical as drug side effects for different populations. We don't want your data to be misinterpreted. You can't afford lives to be lost or you can't, in regulation, you can't afford data to be leaking. That's where you'll ultimately need the categorical algebra. You'll need a provable compositional system. You can continue to construct these ones that will begin to approach compositionality, but when you need the math is when you need to prove it for either the high consequence context of lives, of money or related to that, of regulation.Harry Glorikian: Yeah, well, I keep telling my kids, make sure you're proficient in math because you're going to be using it for the rest of your life and finance. I always remind them about finance because I think both go together. But you've got a new book coming out. It's called "The Future is Formal" and not tuxedo like formal, but like you're, using the word formal. And I think you have a very specific meaning in mind. And I do want you to talk about, but I think what you're referring to is how we want automated systems to behave, meaning everything from advertising algorithms to self-driving trucks. And you can tell me if that my assumption is correct or not.Eric Daimler: Though it's a great segue, actually, from the math. You know, what I'm trying to do is bring in people that are not programmers or research technology, information technology researchers day to day into the conversation around automated digital systems. That's my motivation. And my motivation is, powered by the belief that we will bring out the best of the technology with more people engaged. And with more people engaged, we have a chance to embrace it and not resist it. You know, my greatest fear, I will say, selfishly, is that we come up with technology that people just reject, they just veto it because they don't understand it as a citizen. That also presents a danger because I think that companies' commercial expressions naturally will grow towards where their technology is needed. So this is actually to some extent a threat to Western security relative to Chinese competition, that we embrace the technology in the way that we want it to be expressed in our society. So trying to bring people into this conversation, even if they're not programmers, the connection to math is that there are 18 million computer programmers in the world. We don't need 18 million and one, you know. But what we do need is we do need people to be thinking, I say in a formal way, but also just be thinking about the values that are going to be represented in these digital infrastructures.Eric Daimler: You know, somewhere as a society, we will have to have a conversation with ourselves to determine the car driving to the crosswalk, braking or rolling or slowing or stopping completely. And then who's liable if it doesn't? Is it the driver or is it the manufacturer? Is it the the programmer that somehow put a bug in their code? You know, we're entering an age where we're going to start experiencing what some person calls double bugs. There's the bug in maybe one's expression in code. This often could be the semantics. Or in English. Like your English doesn't make sense. Right? Right. Or or was it actually an error in your thinking? You know, did you leave a gap in your thinking? This is often where where some of the bugs in Ethereum and smart contracts have been expressed where, you know, there's an old programming rule where you don't want to say something equals true. You always want to be saying true equals something. If you get if you do the former, not the latter, you can have to actually create bugs that can create security breaches.Eric Daimler: Just a small little error in thinking. That's not an error in semantics. That level of thinking, you don't need to know calculus for, or category theory for that matter. You just need to be thinking in a formal way. You know, often, often lawyers, accountants, engineers, you know, anybody with scientific training can, can more quickly get this idea, where those that are educated in liberal arts can contribute is in reminding themselves of the broader context that wants to be expressed, because often engineers can be overly reductionist. So there's really a there's a push and pull or, you know, an interplay between those two sensibilities that then we want to express in rules. Then that's ultimately what I mean by formal, formal rules. Tell me exactly what you mean. Tell me exactly how that is going to work. You know, physicians would understand this when they think about drug effects and drug side effects. They know exactly what it's going to be supposed to be doing, you know, with some degree of probability. But they can be very clear, very clear about it. It's that clear thinking that all of us will need to exercise as we think about the development and deployment of modern automated digital systems.Harry Glorikian: Yeah, you know, it's funny because that's the other thing I tell people, like when they say, What should my kid take? I'm like, have him take a, you know, basic programming, not because they're going to do it for a living, but they'll understand how this thing is structured and they can get wrap their mind around how it is. And, you know, I see how my nephew thinks who's from the computer science world and how I think, and sometimes, you know, it's funny watching him think. Or one of the CTOs of one of our companies how he looks at the world. And I'm like you. You got to back up a little bit and look at the bigger picture. Right. And so it's the two of us coming together that make more magic than one or the other by themselves.Harry Glorikian: So, you know, I want to jump back sort of to the different roles you've had in your career. Like like you said, you've been a technology investor, a serial startup founder, a university professor, an academic administrator, an entrepreneur, a management instructor, Presidential Innovation Fellow. I don't think I've missed anything, but I may have. You're also a speaker, a commentator, an author. Which one of those is most rewarding?Eric Daimler: Oh, that's an interesting question. Which one of those is most rewarding? I'm not sure. I find it to be rewarding with my friends and family. So it's rewarding to be with people. I find that to be rewarding in those particular expressions. My motivation is to be, you know, just bringing people in to have a conversation about what we want our world to look like, to the degree to which the technologies that I work with every day are closer to the dystopia of Hollywood narratives or closer to our hopes around the utopia that's possible, that where this is in that spectrum is up to us in our conversation around what these things want to look like. We have some glimpses of both extremes, but I'd like people, and I find it to be rewarding, to just be helping facilitate the helping catalyze that conversation. So the catalyst of that conversation and whatever form it takes is where I enjoy being.Harry Glorikian: Yeah, because I was thinking about like, you know, what can, what can you do as an individual that shapes the future. Does any of these roles stand out as more impactful than others, let's say?Eric Daimler: I think the future is in this notion of composability. I feel strongly about that and I want to enroll people into this paradigm as a framework from which to see many of the activities going around us. Why have NFTs come on the public, in the public media, so quickly? Why does crypto, cryptocurrency capture our imagination? Those And TikTok and the metaverse. And those are all expressions of this quick reconfiguration of patterns in different contexts that themselves are going to become easier and easier to express. The future is going to be owned by people that that take the special knowledge that they've acquired and then put it into short business expressions. I'm going to call them rules that then can be recontextualized and redeployed. This is my version of, or my abstraction of what people call the the future being just all TikTok. It's not literally that we're all going to be doing short dance videos. It's that TikTok is is an expression of people creating short bits of content and then having those be reconfigured and redistributed. That can be in medicine or clinical practice or in drugs, but it can be in any range of expertise, expertise or knowledge. And what's changed? What's changed and what is changing is the different technologies that are being brought to bear to capture that knowledge so that it can be scalable, so it can be compositional. Yeah, that's what's changing. That's what's going to be changing over the next 10 to 20 years. The more you study that, I think the better off we will be. And I'd say, you know, for my way of thinking about math, you might say the more math, the better. But if I were to choose for my children, I would say I would replace trig and geometry and even calculus, some people would be happy to know, with categorical algebra, category theory and with probability and statistics. So I would replace calculus, which I think is really the math of the 20th century, with something more appropriate to our digital age, which is categorical algebra.Harry Glorikian: I will tell my son because I'm sure he'll be very excited to to if I told him that not calculus, but he's not going to be happy when I say go to this other area, because I think he'd like to get out of it altogether.Eric Daimler: It's easier than calculus. Yeah.Harry Glorikian: So, you know, it was great having you on the show. I feel like we could talk for another hour on all these different aspects. You know, I'm hoping that your company is truly successful and that you help us solve this interoperability problem, which is, I've been I've been talking about it forever. It seems like I feel like, you know, the last 15 or 20 years. And I still worry if we're any closer to solving that problem, but I'm hopeful, and I wish you great success on the launch of your new book. It sounds exciting. I'm going to have to get myself a copy.Eric Daimler: Thank you very much. It's been fun. It's good to be with you.Harry Glorikian: Thank you.Harry Glorikian: That's it for this week's episode. You can find a full transcript of this episode as well as the full archive of episodes of The Harry Glorikian Show and MoneyBall Medicine at our website. Just go to glorikian.com and click on the tab Podcasts.I'd like to thank our listeners for boosting The Harry Glorikian Show into the top three percent of global podcasts.If you want to be sure to get every new episode of the show automatically, be sure to open Apple Podcasts or your favorite podcast player and hit follow or subscribe. Don't forget to leave us a rating and review on Apple Podcasts. And we always love to hear from listeners on Twitter, where you can find me at hglorikian.Thanks for listening, stay healthy, and be sure to tune in two weeks from now for our next interview.