Podcasts about heterogeneity

Narelle Dalwood is a neurological physiotherapist and Senior Lecturer at Monash University Physiotherapy. In this episode, Narelle and I discuss the foundations of neurological physiotherapy, including neuroanatomy and the pathology of common conditions such as stroke. Thanks Narelle for a great conversation. Use the timestamps below to jump to relevant sections. In this episode: 0:00 About this episode and welcome Narelle 1:04 Common neurological conditions 3:14 Middle cerebral artery strokes 7:50 Heterogeneity - combining imaging, history and assessment findings 12:45 Defining terminology – infarcts and haemorrhagic strokes 14:38 How do you recognise a stroke? Timely recognition and clot busting drugs. 22:00 Upper and lower motor neurons 25:14 Reflexes and recognising serious neurological problems 33:25 Neuroplasticity 41:12 How to develop your neuro physio knowledge and skills – brush up on your neuroanatomy 54:30 Final thoughts Narelle mentioned these guidelines and resources for health professionals, patients and their families from the National Stroke Foundation: https://informme.org.au/  https://enableme.org.au/  https://sciptguide.com/ Stay connected: Read more at Perraton.Physio or the Perraton Physio LinkedIn page. Watch us on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@PerratonPhysio Follow @PerratonPhysio on Facebook, X (Twitter), Instagram and Linked In. This discussion is intended for health professionals and health professional students. Always seek guidance from a qualified health professional regarding any questions about your health or medical condition.

We employ a dynamic regression discontinuity design comparing business outcomes in areas that passed additional school property taxes to business outcomes in areas that failed to do so. On average, these referenda increase local property taxes by approximately 8 percent. We find little evidence that passage of a property tax referendum influences the total number of establishments in the district in the following years. Further, there is little evidence that property taxes affect total establishment births or deaths. Heterogeneity analysis does not find differences across various measures of firm exposure to property taxes. Authors: Enami, Ali, C. Lockwood Reynolds, and Shawn M. Rohlin

In this episode of the Onc Now Podcast, host Jonathan Sackier is joined by Heather McArthur, Associate Professor in the Department of Medicine at University of Texas, UT Southwestern Medical Center, USA. They discuss recent advancements in breast cancer immunotherapy and the future of personalised care.  Timestamps:    00:00 - Introduction  01:20 - Transformative breakthroughs in immunotherapy  03:51 - Communicating new research to the public  05:48 - Racial disparities in cancer screenings  07:22 - Unmet needs in treating triple-negative breast cancer  11:48 - Genomic profiling and molecular pathways   13:30 - Barriers to personalised treatment plans  15:09 - Designing and conducting large-scale, international trials  19:16 - Optoacoustic imaging in cancer  22:52 - The ‘first' cell and the heterogeneity of breast tumours  25:21 – Heather's three wishes for healthcare 

Romain Banchereau joins the show to discuss and debate this Cancer Cell paper on molecular subtypes in urothelial cancer and implications for checkpoint blockade.

Osteosarcoma Webinar Series: Alexander Davies, DVM, PhD joins us on OsteoBites to discuss his work which is focused on dynamic tumor-microenvironment signaling cross-talk, signal integration, and the development of 3D organotypic and tissue models to study these interactions using live-cell microscopy techniques. Results from studies in the Davies Lab demonstrate the utility of a novel dynamic live-cell tissue model, the lungSITE model, to quantitatively measure and understand tumor signaling dynamics and behaviors within the context of the lung metastatic niche. Data obtained from this model provided new insights into how spatial position and temporal response influence signaling dynamics, specifically in osteosarcoma lung metastasis, to create intratumoral signaling heterogeneity and consequent single-cell drug response variation. Dr. Alexander Davies graduated with a Ph.D. in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and a D.V.M., with an interest in comparative oncology, from the University of California, Davis. He then completed a post-doctoral fellowship in cancer biology at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory before joining The Ohio State University as faculty in the Department of Veterinary Biosciences. While at OSU he was a member of the Comprehensive Cancer Center and faculty in the Cancer Biology and Cancer Engineering programs. Currently, Dr. Davies is an Assistant Professor at the Knight Cancer Institute within the Division of Oncological Sciences and Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center (CEDAR) where his work focuses on dynamic tumor-microenvironment signaling cross-talk, signal integration, and the development of 3D organotypic and tissue models to study these interactions using live-cell microscopy techniques.

In this episode, Tania Kazi, a final year medical student at the Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, and Bethany Saunders, a Master's student in Medical Science at the University of Calgary, share clinical insights and current research in Crohn's disease. They outline the epidemiology, etiology, prognosis, clinical presentations, and management of Crohn's disease, as well as research gaps and ongoing developments in the understanding of the disease. This seminar was part of the 2023-24 Collaboration of Practitioners and Researchers Seminar Series.

Moderator: James P. Rathmell, M.D. Participants: Daniele De Luca M.D., Ph.D. and David Tingay, M.B.B.S., Ph.D. Articles Discussed: Global and Regional Heterogeneity of Lung Aeration in Neonates with Different Respiratory Disorders: A Physiological, Observational Study Lung Ultrasound and Regional Heterogeneity: A Bedside Solution to an Under-Recognized Problem?

CardioNerds Dan Ambinder and Dr. Devesh Rai join cardiology fellows and National Lipid Association lipid scholars Dr. Jelani Grant from Johns Hopkins University and Dr. Alexander Razavi from Emory University. They discuss a case involving a patient with familial hypercholesterolemia. Dr. Archna Bajaj from University of Pennsylvania provides expert commentary. Drs. Jelani Grant and Alexander Razavi drafted notes. CardioNerds Intern Pacey Wetstein engineered episode audio. This episode is part of a case reports series developed in collaboration with the National Lipid Association and their Lipid Scholarship Program, with mentorship from Dr. Daniel Soffer and Dr. Eugenia Gianos. A classic finding in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia is the presence of markedly elevated levels of total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) with an LDL-C concentration of 190 mg/dL or greater. However, severe hypercholesterolemia is not inevitably present, and many patients who carry this diagnosis may have lower LDL-C levels. This case history describes a young woman whose mother and brother met clinical and genetic criteria for heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia but who had only a mild elevation in LDL-C, falling to 130 mg/dL after dietary intervention. Despite this finding, genetic testing revealed the presence of the same genetic variants as were noted in her mother and brother. In addition, a second genetic variant predisposing them to cholesterol gallstone formation was identified in all three family members. If genetic testing had not been performed, the diagnosis may have been missed or delayed, resulting in an increased risk for vascular complications associated with familial hypercholesterolemia. This case supports the value of genetic testing of family members of those with familial hypercholesterolemia, even when LDL-C levels are not severely elevated. US Cardiology Review is now the official journal of CardioNerds! Submit your manuscript here. CardioNerds Case Reports PageCardioNerds Episode PageCardioNerds AcademyCardionerds Healy Honor Roll CardioNerds Journal ClubSubscribe to The Heartbeat Newsletter!Check out CardioNerds SWAG!Become a CardioNerds Patron! Pearls - Exposing an Unusual Presentation of Familial Hypercholesterolemia – National Lipid Association Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is among the most common autosomal co-dominant genetic conditions (approximately 1:200 to 1:300 for HeFH, 1:160,000 to 1:300,000 for HoFH). Genetic testing has a role for all first-degree relatives when a family history of FH is strongly suggestive, regardless of LDL-C level. Heterogeneity in ASCVD risk among individuals with FH is derived from background polygenic risk, clinical risk factors (e.g., timing of lipid-lowering initiation and adjacent risk factors), as well as subclinical atherosclerosis burden. In clinical or genetically confirmed FH, an LDL-C goal of 55 mg/dL is recommended. Beyond statins, FDA-approved non-statin therapies for FH include ezetimibe, PCSK9 mAb, bempedoic acid, inclisiran, evolocumab (only HoFH), lomitapide (only HoFH), and LDL apheresis. Notes - Exposing an Unusual Presentation of Familial Hypercholesterolemia – National Lipid Association What are the diagnostic criteria for FH? Dutch Lipid Clinic Network1 Variables: family history, clinical history, physical exam, LDL-C level, DNA (LDLR, APOB, PCSK9) Simon-Broome1 Variables: total or LDL-C, physical exam, DNA (LDLR, APOB, PCSK9), family history Emphasis on clinical history and physical exam reduces sensitivity U.S. Make Early Diagnosis Prevent Early Death (MEDPED) 1 Only one of the three where no genetic testing is required, may work well in cascade screening Variables: age, total cholesterol, family relative (and degree) with FH Definite, probable, possible, unlikely Emphasis on clinical history and physical exam reduces sensitivity

One seldom discussed consequence of quantum computers and PQC is the move from cryptographic homogeneity to cryptographic heterogeneity, with multiple KEMs and DSAs eventually expected as ongoing standards. We examine the consequences of this change.

References EBio Medicine. 2015 Dec; 2(12): 1888–1904. J Atheroscler. Thromb.2023. Dec 1; 30(12): 1751–1758. Russian Orthodox Voices: https://youtu.be/z_M6YbsmT-I?si=l-U5ZwH90oCBbwAR --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/dr-daniel-j-guerra/support

Plant and structural diversity is key when managing native grasslands for wildlife. Join Drew and Joe as they discuss the process of promoting diversity and heterogeneity in native grasslands by using disturbances like fire and grazing as tools to manage wildlife habitat in native grasslands. Dr. Joe Gerken and Dr. Drew Ricketts are extension specialists and faculty members in the Wildlife and Outdoor Enterprise Management Program at Kansas State University. Find out more about the program at https://hnr.k-state.edu/academics/undergraduate-programs/wildlife-outdoor-management.html  

Plant and structural diversity is key when managing native grasslands for wildlife. Join Drew and Joe as they discuss the process of promoting diversity and heterogeneity in native grasslands by using disturbances like fire and grazing as tools to manage wildlife habitat in native grasslands. Dr. Joe Gerken and Dr. Drew Ricketts are extension specialists and faculty members in the Wildlife and Outdoor Enterprise Management Program at Kansas State University. Find out more about the program at https://hnr.k-state.edu/academics/undergraduate-programs/wildlife-outdoor-management.html  

On this week's Education Gadfly Show podcast, Joshua Dunn, Executive Director of the Institute of American Civics at the University of Tennessee, joins Mike and David to discuss how public schools will be affected by the end of the Chevron deference—the judicial doctrine in which courts defer to federal agencies' reasonable interpretations of ambiguous statutes. Then, on the Research Minute, Amber examines a new paper criticizing the famous STAR class size study.Recommended content: “Fishing for rules” —Joshua Dunn, Education Next“The case for the supreme court to overturn Chevron Deference” —Wall Street Journal“The Chevron deference is desperately needed” —David Martin, Washington PostKarun Adusumilli, Francesco Agostinelli, and Emilio Borghesan, “Heterogeneity and endogenous compliance: Implications for scaling class size interventions,” National Bureau of Economic Research (April 2024).Feedback Welcome: Have ideas for improving our podcast? Send them to Daniel Buck at dbuck@fordhaminstitute.org.

Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to an infection. Despite progress in the understanding of sepsis pathophysiology, no specific treatment has proven successful. The precision therapy, a greater understanding of the heterogeneity of sepsis is needed.Recent approaches to measuring sepsis heterogeneity used unsupervised computational methods on clinical, biomarker, or gene expression data from observational studies or clinical trial datasets. At present, more than 100 sepsis subtypes are proposed, without awareness of overlap (or clinical implications). It is unknown whether each new subtype strategy is an added value for the patient.To address this knowledge gap, a study was conducted aiming to determine the concordance between different sub-type labels, outcomes, and biologic pathways of critically ill sepsis patients classified by previously proposed sepsis subtyping methods. Listen to the podcast and learn more about the methodology and findings of this study.

Guest Olivier Gevaert is an expert in multi-modal biomedical data modeling and recently developed new methods in the new science of “spatial transcriptomics” that are able to predict how cancer cells present spatially and will behave in the future. Tumors are not monolithic, he says, but made up of various cell types. Spatial transcriptomics measures cells in the undisturbed organization of the tumor itself and enables a more detailed study of tumors. This new technology can be used to determine what type of cells are present spatially and how each cell influences neighboring cells. It paints a picture of tumor heterogeneity, Gevaert tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering's The Future of Everything podcast.Episode Reference Links:Olivier Gevaert:  Standford ProfileOlivier Gevaert's Research LabThe Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA)Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/XChapters:(00:00:00) Introduction to Olivier GavaertHis work in the advancement of spatial transcriptomics technologies.(00:02:52) The Basics of TranscriptomicsTranscriptomics' significance in identifying active genes in cancer cells and the technological advancements enabling this research.(00:05:34) Heterogeneity and Cell interaction in CancerHeterogeneity within cancer cells and the importance of analyzing the interactions between various cell types to develop treatments.(00:07:19) Advancements in Brain Cancer ResearchRecent studies on brain cancer using spatial omics techniques to understand tumor cell types and their spatial organization for prognosis prediction.(00:10:53) AI and Whole Slide Imaging in OncologyHow AI and machine learning are combined with whole slide imaging to enhance data resolution and interpret spatial transcriptomic data.(00:14:49) Enhancing Pathology with AIIntegrating AI with pathology to improve cancer diagnosis and treatment by analyzing whole slide images and predicting cell types.(00:18:40) Multimodal Data Fusion in Cancer TreatmentImportance of combining different data modalities to create comprehensive models for personalized cancer treatment.(00:24:49) The Future of Synthetic Data and Digital TwinsSynthetic data and digital twins in oncology, and how these technologies can simulate treatment outcomes and support personalized medicine.(00:29:16) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X

Dr. Christopher Pittenger is a Professor of Psychiatry at the Yale School of Medicine and Director of the Yale OCD Research Clinic. In this episode, he discusses the neurobiology, symptomology, and treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), including potential new treatments such as psychedelics, neurofeedback, glutamate modulators, and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). 00:00 Introduction00:41 Why is OCD Underdiagnosed?02:19 Impact of OCD on Individuals03:40 Taboo Nature of OCD Thoughts06:10 Biomarkers08:06 Neurobiology14:20 Serotonin16:48 Heterogeneity of OCD24:00 Glutamate Modulators29:33 Ketamine33:13 Psilocybin38:23 Neurofeedback44:01 Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)47:22 Relationship Between Depression and OCD50:24 Future of OCD TreatmentVisit our website for more insights on psychiatry.Podcast producer: Jon Earle

There is a Lack of Clinical Homogeneity in Lower-Limb Tendinopathy Trials: A Scoping Review Lyng KD, Sørensen LB, Platzer OJ, et al. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2024;54(1):1-10. doi:10.2519/jospt.2023.11722 Due to copyright laws, unless the article is open source we cannot legally post the PDF on the website for the world to download at will. Brought to you by our sponsors at: CSMi – https://www.humacnorm.com/ptinquest Learn more about/Buy Erik's courses – The Science PT Support us on the Patreons! Music for PT Inquest: “The Science of Selling Yourself Short” by Less Than Jake Used by Permission Other Music by Kevin MacLeod – incompetech.com: MidRoll Promo – Mining by Moonlight Koal Challenge – Sam Roux

Although strides have been made with Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors and CAR-T cell therapy, relapse and resistance remain significant hurdles in treating patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). The Lymphoma Research Foundation's 2023 MCL Scientific Consortium and Workshop addressed these complexities, aiming to dissect the intricate biology of MCL and propel progress towards a cure. CancerNetwork® spoke with leaders in the MCL field to better understand the aim of the consortium and the advancements they hope to see in the space. The journal ONCOLOGY® published these findings in the February 2024 issue. The interviews included Elias Campo, MD, PhD, research director and professor of anatomic pathology at the Hospital Clinic of the University of Barcelona; Michael Wang, MD, professor in the Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma at The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center; Martin Dreyling, MD, PhD, professor of Medicine in the Department of Medicine and head of the Medical Clinic 3 at the University of Munich-Grosshadern in Germany; and Julie M. Vose, MD, MBA, Neumann M. and Mildred E. Harris Professor and division chief in the Division of Hematology at the University of Nebraska Medical Center and coeditor in chief of ONCOLOGY.  The consortium touched on t(11;14), which dysregulates cyclin D1 and fuels uncontrolled cell growth. Additionally, research presented at the consortium revealed other molecular pathways contributing to treatment resistance and relapse, highlighting the heterogeneous nature of the disease. This heterogeneity underscored the need for personalized treatment strategies and biomarker-based prognostics, a notion further emphasized by multiple findings on the predictive value of specific gene mutations. Beyond understanding the inner workings of MCL, presentations also focused on novel therapeutic avenues. Specifically, there were encouraging data on the potential of next-generation BTK inhibitors including acalabrutinib (Calquence) to overcome resistance. Challenges such as the limitations of current risk stratification models remain, underscoring the need for robust biomarkers to guide early interventions and optimize treatment selection. Additionally, the consortium featured a discussion on addressing a lack of diversity in clinical trial populations, which may help increase treatment access for those with various medical conditions. “…The patient population that has a disease is not always [represented] in the clinical trials. That's why it's important to be able to have a diversity of patients in clinical trials: to test these new therapies because [patients] may have other medical conditions that would change the outcome of trials and not be necessarily representative of the entire patient population with that disease,” Vose said. “It's important to try to advance the treatment of a very diverse patient population through these clinical trial mechanisms.”

Summary Dr. Vineet Datta discusses the complexity of cancer and the need for a multiomics approach in oncology. He challenges the traditional approach to oncology and highlights the limitations of current methods. Dr. Datta emphasizes the importance of early detection and the impact of late-stage diagnosis on survival. He also discusses the potential of targeted precision testing and the future of precision medicine. The conversation explores the need for an integrative approach that considers lifestyle factors and preventive healthcare measures. The conversation explores the concept of personalized cancer treatment and the future of oncology care. It discusses the importance of understanding the evolving personality of cancer and using meaningful data to tailor therapies. The conversation also highlights the role of addressing inflammation and supporting patients for better treatment outcomes. Overall, the conversation leaves a sense of optimism for the future of oncology care and the potential to redefine the landscape of cancer treatment. Episode References:  ► Datar Cancer Genetics: https://datarpgx.com/ ► Website: https://www.drnasha.com/ ► Terrain Advocate Program: https://tap.terrain.network/ ► Practitioner Program: https://matc.terrain.network/ ► Find a Doctor: https://my.terrain.network/ ► Dr. Nasha Products: https://www.drnashaapproved.com/ ► The Metabolic Approach to Cancer: https://a.co/d/44kHGOS  ► Podcast: https://metabolicmatters.org/ ► Instagram:   / drnashawinters    Takeaways The complexity of cancer requires a multiomics approach that goes beyond genetics. Late-stage diagnosis significantly impacts survival rates, highlighting the need for early detection strategies. Targeted precision testing and multi-analyte molecular analytical platforms offer potential for personalized treatment approaches. Integrative approaches that consider lifestyle factors and preventive healthcare measures are crucial in improving outcomes. Personalized cancer treatment involves tailoring therapies based on the evolving personality of cancer and meaningful data. Addressing inflammation and supporting patients can lead to better treatment outcomes. The future of oncology care lies in a distinct roadmap for each patient, whether in a preventative, treatment, or maintenance state. The conversation highlights the importance of education and collaboration in implementing personalized cancer treatment. Chapters 00:00 Introduction to Dr. Vineet Datta 02:18 Transition from Clinical Environment to Genomics Enthusiast 05:01 Challenging the Traditional Approach to Oncology 06:22 The Complexity of Cancer and its Origins 10:13 The Importance of Multiomics Approach 14:13 The Limitations of Current Approaches 21:11 Reframing Treatment Failure and Clinical Trials 23:56 Late Stage, Non-Responsive Refractory Cancers 28:03 Late Detection and Impact on Survival 29:32 Impact of Failed Treatments on Successive Cycles 31:23 Understanding the Complexity and Heterogeneity of Cancer 36:04 Targeted Precision Testing and Multi-Analyte Molecular Analytical Platform 45:42 The Future of Precision Medicine and Integrative Approaches 52:53 Personalized Cancer Treatment 53:40 The Future of Oncology Care

References Dr Guerra-notes Schubert. F. 1815 (late March-Early April. Stringt Quartet No. 9 in G minor (D.173) https://youtu.be/piIet7QVLGA?si=FcY0VUUXRPPekKs1 --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/dr-daniel-j-guerra/message Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/dr-daniel-j-guerra/support

Recorded on Nov 29, 2023 in Cambridge, UK. Video version available on YouTube Should we continue to ask why? Alicia's machine learning journey began with... causal machine learning. Starting with econometrics, she discovered semi-parametric methods and the Pearlian framework at later stages of her career and incorporated both in her everyday toolkit. She loves to understand why things work, which inspires her to ask "why" not only in the context of treatment effects, but also in the context of general machine learning. Her papers on heterogeneous treatment effect estimators and model evaluation bring unique perspectives to the community. Her recent NeurIPS paper on double descent aims at bridging the gap between statistical learning theory and a counter-intuitive phenomenon of double descent observed in complex machine learning architectures. Ready to dive in? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ About The GuestAlicia Curth is a Machine Learning Researcher and a final year PhD student at The van der Schaar Lab at Cambridge University. Her research is focused on causality, understanding machine learning methods from ground up and personalized medicine. Her works are frequently accepted at best machine learning conferences (she's a true serial NeurIPS author). Connect with Alicia: - Alicia on Twitter/X - Alicia on LinkedIn- Alicia 's web page About The Host Aleksander (Alex) Molak is an independent machine learning researcher, educator, entrepreneur and a best-selling author in the area of causality.Connect with Alex: - Alex on the InternetLinksSee here  for the full list of linksCausal Bandits Team Project Coordinator: Taiba MalikVideo and Audio Editing: Navneet Sharma, Aleksander Molak Causal Bandits PodcastCausal AI || Causal Machine Learning || Causal Inference & DiscoveryWeb: https://causalbanditspodcast.comConnect on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/aleksandermolak/Join Causal Python Weekly: https://causalpython.io The Causal Book: https://amzn.to/3QhsRz4

Host: John Buse, MD, PhD Guest: Maria Jose Redondo, MD, PhD, MPH A recent paper focused on a variety of topics associated with type 1 diabetes, including its heterogenenity, endotypes, slowly progressive insulin-dependent diabetes, and the term type 1.5 diabetes. Dive into these topics with Dr. John Buse and Dr. Maria Redondo, Professor of Pediatrics in the Division of Pediatric Diabetes and Endocrinology at Baylor College of Medicine in Texas.

In this Papers Podcast, Dr. Emma James discusses her JCPP Advances paper ‘Heterogeneity in children's reading comprehension difficulties: A latent class approach'. Emma is the lead author of the paper.

Everyone knows that every person with autism has their own unique strengths and challenges. Autism is heritable, and there are over 100 genes associated with autism. There are also an unknown number of environmental factors influencing outcome, so the heterogeneity is not necessarily surprising. But why would two people with the same genetic mutation have … Continue reading "Resilience and heterogeneity in ASD"

1.  Heterogeneity of Treatment Effects of Hydrocortisone by Risk of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia or Death Among Extremely Preterm Infants in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network TrialA Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial - "Heterogeneidade dos efeitos do tratamento pelo risco de displasia broncopulmonar ou morte com hidrocortisona entre prematuros extremos no National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network Trial: Uma análise secundária de um ensaio clínico domizado"2. Bayley trajectories predict school readiness better than single assessments in formerly very preterm preschoolers  - "As trajetórias de Bayley predizem melhor a prontidão escolar do que avaliações isoladas em pré-escolares anteriormente muito prematuros"3. Early Antibiotic Use and Neonatal Outcomes Among Preterm Infants Without Infections  - "Uso precoce de antibióticos e desfechos neonatais em prematuros sem infecções"4. Effect of Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure vs Heated Humidified High-Flow Nasal Cannula on Feeding Intolerance in Preterm Infants With Respiratory Distress Syndrome The ENTARES Randomized Clinical Trial - "Efeito da Pressão Positiva Nasal Contínua nas Vias Aéreas vs Cânula Nasal Umidificada Aquecida de Alto Fluxo na Intolerância Alimentar em Prematuros com Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório: Ensaio Clínico Randomizado ENTARES" Não esqueça: você pode ter acesso aos artigos do nosso Journal Club no nosso site: https://www.the-incubator.org/podcast-1 Se estiver gostando do nosso Podcast, por favor deixe sua avaliação no seu aplicativo favorito e compartilhe com seus colegas. O nosso objetivo é democratizar a informação. Se quiser entrar em contato, nos mandar sugestões, comentários, críticas e elogios, manda um e-mail pra gente: incubadora@the-incubator.org

Why is Parkinson's disease heterogeneity important to research. Dr. Connie Marras met with Dr. Eduardo Fernandez to discuss why understanding the heterogeneity of this disease may help with prevention. 2023 Congress virtual access

In this episode Barry and Mike discussion John Law's 1992 essay, “Notes on the Theory of the Actor Network: Ordering, Strategy, and Heterogeneity” and in particular Law's concepts of network composition, punctualisation, and translation.

Credits: 0.25 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™   CME/CE Information and Claim Credit: https://www.pri-med.com/online-education/podcast/frankly-speaking-cme-341 Overview: Listen in as we review a recent JAMA publication of a randomized controlled trial that quantified the benefits of a targeted approach to prescribing antihypertensive medications. Don't miss this opportunity to keep your management of patients with hypertension up to date. Episode resource links: Sundström J, Lind L, Nawrouzi S, et al. Heterogeneity in blood pressure response to 4 antihypertensive drugs: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. Published April 11, 2023. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.3322 Guest: Robert A. Baldor MD, FAAFP   Music Credit: Richard Onorato

Credits: 0.25 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™   CME/CE Information and Claim Credit: https://www.pri-med.com/online-education/podcast/frankly-speaking-cme-341 Overview: Listen in as we review a recent JAMA publication of a randomized controlled trial that quantified the benefits of a targeted approach to prescribing antihypertensive medications. Don't miss this opportunity to keep your management of patients with hypertension up to date. Episode resource links: Sundström J, Lind L, Nawrouzi S, et al. Heterogeneity in blood pressure response to 4 antihypertensive drugs: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. Published April 11, 2023. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.3322 Guest: Robert A. Baldor MD, FAAFP   Music Credit: Richard Onorato

Reference Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2022)34 (8): 1500–1520 --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/dr-daniel-j-guerra/message Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/dr-daniel-j-guerra/support

Paul A. Northcott, Ph.D., St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, shares his work in multi-omic bulk and single-cell approaches to decipher molecular landscapes and developmental origins of medulloblastoma. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 38889]

Reference Essays Biochem. 2021 Nov; 65(6): 913–925 --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/dr-daniel-j-guerra/message

Paul A. Northcott, Ph.D., St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, shares his work in multi-omic bulk and single-cell approaches to decipher molecular landscapes and developmental origins of medulloblastoma. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 38889]

Paul A. Northcott, Ph.D., St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, shares his work in multi-omic bulk and single-cell approaches to decipher molecular landscapes and developmental origins of medulloblastoma. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 38889]

Paul A. Northcott, Ph.D., St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, shares his work in multi-omic bulk and single-cell approaches to decipher molecular landscapes and developmental origins of medulloblastoma. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 38889]

Paul A. Northcott, Ph.D., St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, shares his work in multi-omic bulk and single-cell approaches to decipher molecular landscapes and developmental origins of medulloblastoma. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 38889]

In this week's episode, we'll learn more about ventricular arrhythmias in sickle cell anemia, discuss the molecular heterogeneity of pediatric monomorphic post–solid organ transplant lymphoproliferative disorders, and uncover the role of the bone marrow microenvironment as a driver of myeloid disorders.

Geoffrey Ku, MD - Here's The Challenge! Overcoming Tumour Heterogeneity in Gastric/GEJ Cancers

About 50% of Americans have hypertension, yet WHICH is a preferred anti-hypertensive strategy is a random process. And pharmacogenomics may not be needed. Join host, Geoff Wall, as he evaluates a recent study evaluating the role of personalized medication selection for persons with hypertension.  The GameChanger Although no genetic markers exist to determine optimal hypertensive pharmacotherapy, initial and secondary hypertensive therapy does impact outcomes. A personalized approach does produce a greater reduction in blood pressure.   Show Segments [insert here]  Host Geoff Wall, PharmD, BCPS, FCCP, BCGP Professor of Pharmacy Practice, Drake University Internal Medicine/Critical Care, UnityPoint Health  References and Resources  Sundström J, Lind L, Nowrouzi S, et al. Heterogeneity in Blood Pressure Response to 4 Antihypertensive Drugs: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2023;329(14):1160–1169. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.3322  Redeem your CPE here CPE (Pharmacist) https://learn.ceimpact.com/library/course/5768  Get a membership & earn CE for GameChangers Podcast episodes (30 mins/episode) Pharmacists: Get a membership https://www.ceimpact.com/  CE Information  Learning Objectives Upon successful completion of this knowledge-based activity, participants should be able to: 1. Describe the results of the PHYSIC study 2. Discuss the limitations of the PHYSIC study  0.05 CEU/0.5 Hr UAN: 0107-0000-23-XXX-H01-P Initial release date: XX/XX/2023 Expiration date: XX/XX/2024 Additional CPE details can be found here.Follow CEimpact on Social Media:LinkedInInstagramDownload the CEimpact App for Free Continuing Education + so much more!

Hey everyone, on today's episode we are talking about a recent JAMA article on Heterogeneity in Blood Pressure Response to various blood pressure medicines and the idea of individualizing antihypertensive algorithms.   https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2803518

With the widespread presence of artificial sweeteners in the food system, scientists and consumers want to know about their safety. Safety concerns have been expressed for years, and lots of research has been done, but relatively new on the scene is work examining the effect of sweeteners on the microbiome. This interview is part of a series on the impact of artificial sweeteners. Our guest today, Dr. Jotham Suez, is doing fascinating work on this topic. He's Assistant Professor of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and the Public Health Johns Hopkins University. Interview Summary   So most everyone knows of the microbiome, but not everybody knows exactly what it is and how it works, so I'm hoping we might start with a quick overview of the microbiome. Could you help us with that?   Sure, so I would say there are three really important things to know about the microbiome. We know that there are trillions of microbes, bacteria, and viruses living in our body. What everyone should know is that most of the systems in our body require these microbes for their proper development and proper function throughout our lifespan, so without these microbes, our immune system, and even our brain, would not develop properly, and if the microbiome is perturbed, this can lead to development of various diseases. That is the first thing. Already this implies that the microbiome is amenable to change, which is actually something that is attractive facet about the microbiome. If we know that the microbiome is involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases, then we can use that to our advantage, and we can think of way to change this microbial community to help protect us against disease, or even treat diseases in which the microbiome plays a role in the pathogenesis. The third thing that we should all think about is that the microbiome is some sort of a fingerprint. Each one of us has a unique microbial community in their body, and we can use that person-to-person difference in the microbiome on one hand, to predict disease risk. This is because some people would harbor the microbes that make them prone to diseases. We can also use that to tailor various drugs or various diets, or various therapeutics, to that community, because we would be able to say, based on your microbiome, how you would respond to a certain therapy or a certain diet. Heterogeneity in the microbiome plays an important role in personalized medicine.   Thanks for helping establish how important the microbiome is, and also, how it can be affected in both positive and negative ways. So in that sense, what got you interested in the impact of artificial sweeteners on the microbiome?   Yes. I think it was the person-to-person heterogeneity, and how that can lead to differential responses to diets or therapeutics. Just like you said, there have been decades of studies on efficacy of artificial sweeteners or potential safety concerns about whether they are helping us lose weight, helping us maintain healthy blood glucose levels, or they are actually doing the opposite. The studies are really all over the place. You would see studies that support a beneficial impact and studies that demonstrate detrimental impact. We were wondering as we started this research, if it's possible that this heterogeneity in outcomes of the studies is related to heterogeneity of the microbiome. Is it possible that some people are negatively impacted and some people are positively impacted, whether this is related to the differences in their microbiome.   That's a fascinating area, and interesting to think that the same substance may have much different effects on people. So how have you gone about studying this yourself, and what have you found?   We started very naively. I started when I was still a PhD student. I went to the supermarket, I purchased sachets of the most common artificial sweeteners that are out there, and we added that to the drinking water of mice. We saw that mice drinking these artificial sweeteners developed glucose intolerance, meaning they had poorer response to a simple sugar, which is how you would predict or diagnose pre-diabetes or diabetes in the clinic, for humans. We were able to show for the first time that sweeteners can actually cause negative impact on the metabolic health of an animal. What was more interesting is that we saw that these sweeteners also changed the microbiome of the mice drinking the sweeteners. What we've done then is take the microbiome of the animals that were drinking sweetener and we transplanted these microbes into mice that don't have any microbiome of their own. Just by giving them the microbes of mice that were drinking sweeteners, these mice also had a poorer metabolic response. We were able to show for the first time that the impact of sweeteners on the microbiome can result in a negative impact on our metabolic health. After a lot of experiments in mice, where we proved beyond any doubt that mice should not drink artificial sweeteners, we were really wondering what would be the impact on humans.   We started a study in healthy individuals, so people that are not overweight and are without diabetes. We asked them to supplement their diet for two weeks with common artificial sweeteners, so sucralose, aspartame, saccharin, or one natural non-caloric sweetener stevia, and we followed up on glucose tolerance and also on their microbiome before, during, and after the exposure to the sweetener. We saw that two sweeteners, saccharine and sucralose, had a detrimental impact on their glucose tolerance. So just during two weeks of exposure to the sweetener, they had poorer responses to glucose. That would already put them on the path to potentially developing pre-diabetes and diabetes. We saw that all four sweeteners altered the microbiome. Again, when we took microbiomes of these people and transplanted them into germ-free mice we saw that the stronger the impact the sweetener had on your microbiome - that means that you would have a poorer metabolic response when you transplant these microbiomes into mice. This was really showing that there are person-to-person differences in the responses to sweeteners, and this depends on how much a microbiome is impacted by the sweetener.   That was amazing summary in a short time of really complex and fascinating science. It's interesting that some sweeteners are having a stronger effect than others, which I guess makes more sense, because they're not all chemically alike. Is it possible to know when you get an effect on something like glucose tolerance from the use of the sweeteners, whether the microbiome is the main mechanism, the only mechanism? How does it fit in there when you start thinking about the impact of sweeteners on something like the glucose tolerance?   That is a really great question, and I think the short answer would be that we don't know for sure. There have been multiple other groups that have been studying the impact of sweeteners on metabolic health or other parameters related to our health that have found fascinating mechanisms that are not related, or at least, not directly related to the microbiome. So for sure, sweeteners can have a broad impact on our body, not just for their impact on the microbiome, but what we are seeing, actually, is that's the impact that they have on the microbiome is sufficient to produce detrimental impact on metabolic health without any other measurable impacts, at least, in our studies.   Many, many people have been using these artificial sweeteners in one form or another for many, many years, and in some cases, they're introduced into the food supply in ways that people may not even be aware of. Is there any way of knowing what happens if animals or humans have used these for a long period of time and they stop? Does whatever the impact on the microbiome reverse itself?   That's a fascinating question. In the short term, that is something that we have measured in our studies, and others have done similar works in animal models. In a study like what we have done, which is two weeks of exposure, then one week of follow-up, you see some reversion of the microbiome to what it was before the exposure to the sweetener. But we should say that these individuals were recruited to the study precisely because they're habitually not drinking artificial sweeteners, so their body saw sweeteners potentially for the first time. So then if they immediately stopped after two weeks, in that scenario, we can say that the microbiome reverts. What happens after years of exposure to sweeteners, that's a study that we're definitely interested in doing, or I would be really happy to see the results if some is already doing such a study, but I am not aware of long-term studies where people just stopped taking sweeteners and then their microbiome was profiled.   My mind is sort of firing with ideas of ways to study that question, but it's heartening to know that at least in the short term, at least some of the whatever damage is done starts to revert. That's very good news for people who have been using these products who choose to stop them for one reason or another, there may be a benefit to the microbiome. Let me ask about children. So many parents, they're concerned about the effect that the sweeteners might have on their children. Is anything known about this?   Yes, I think this is a good point in the conversation to talk about the various types of evidence that we have about the detrimental impact of sweeteners. If we look at associative studies, most of these studies would find some sort of association between drinking artificial sweeteners and a negative impact on weight or on diabetes risk. So the associative studies are, for sure, pointing to a negative impact, but they don't provide evidence that the sweeteners are causing these negative impacts. So they might be a result of, you know, the changes in weight or the risk of diabetes rather than the cause. And then when you go to studies that actually provide causality, so these would be, for example, randomized controlled trials when you give the individual the sweetener then see what happens to their metabolic health, these types of studies are all over the place in terms of benefit versus risk, both in adults and in children. So unfortunately, there is no good answer to that question. There are studies that show a risk, but even studies that show a benefit.   Even if there is risk from the artificial sweetener, some people may feel that the benefit, in terms of weight control, is more important, and they might say, "Well, I'm willing to accept the risk because of the benefit," but we've heard from others that whether these products actually help people control their weight is in question as well. What do you think about that topic?   Yes, so what you would do when you have all of these studies that show even opposing results, and you try to find the truth, you would do a meta-analysis. When you perform meta-analysis on specifically the question of impact on weight, you find a very modest beneficial impact on weight. And even then, the quality of the evidence for that impact are low. Even if there is a benefit, it's very mild, and the evidence for such a benefit are not very strong. I think that's why organizations such as the World Health Organization have recently said that this may not be the best strategy for assisting individuals to lose weight.   You mentioned that the two compounds that had the strongest effect on the microbiome were saccharin and sucralose. Is that correct?   In our study, yes.   So saccharin, I'm not sure how much that's used in the food supply still. It may be there, but it's been around forever. Maybe I'm wrong, but I figure that it's been displaced by lots of newer advances. But sucralose, which I think is marketed under the brand named Splenda, is a much more recent development in the field. It's interesting that that's having a negative effect too. So do you think that there's reason to believe that those two would be substances to avoid?   I would say that you would never want to make public health decisions based on one study. I would say that that goes both ways, I think. I wouldn't advise avoiding saccharine just based on one study, and I wouldn't say that aspartame and stevia are safe just based on one study. I would say that others have found negative impacts for aspartame and for stevia that we have not seen very strongly in our study, whereas others have found both negative and neutral, or even beneficial effects for sucralose in other studies. So I would not make recommendations based on just our own study, but considering everything that is out there, I would say that all four sweeteners that we studied, and others, including Ace K, that we have not studied in a recent human study could pose a risk for some individuals. Unfortunately, right now, we don't have any good tools of predicting who would be those individuals, so it's a question of whether people should take that risk or not.   Thank you for being appropriately cautious with the result, because as you said, the work is relatively recent, but why I'm really happy you're working on this topic. So summing this all up, what do you think is most important for people to know?   I think, at this point in the research, and just recently, another group provided really interesting evidence about a different sugar substitute, erythritol, also posing a risk for cardiovascular disease, at this point in the research of artificial sweeteners and sugar substitutes, I think we cannot say that these substances are innocuous. They can pose a risk for at least some individuals, and we and others are definitely working hard on being able to help people know whether or not they are in those risk groups. But then the question is what can people do? I think what people should definitely not do is switch back to sugar. I think that if the evidence for the impact of artificial sweeteners are still something that requires further research. I think that the detrimental impacts of added caloric sugars in our diet, in our beverages, are beyond doubt linked to detrimental impacts on our metabolic health. So people should not switch back from diet soda to regular soda, that's for sure. But we and the industry alike should find ways of reducing the intake of sweeteners, and both caloric and non-caloric sweeteners in our diet to levels that hopefully don't pose as great a risk as what we are currently consuming.   Bio   Dr. Jotham Suez is a Feinstone Assistant Professor at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Dr. Suez's work on non-nutritive sweeteners was instrumental in understanding how these popular food additives can counterintuitively disrupt glycemic control. During his graduate work at the Weizmann Institute, he demonstrated that sweeteners are not inert and can alter the gut microbiome, and causally linked those impacts to impaired glucose tolerance. He further showed that in humans, the microbiome mediates individualized responses to sweeteners, potentially underlying the conflicting literature on their impacts. Similarly, Dr. Suez's research on probiotics offers an opportunity to resolve the contradictory literature on their efficacy. His work highlighted the microbiome's importance in modulating probiotics colonization and downstream impacts. Inspired by these discoveries, Dr. Suez is fascinated by the potential of harnessing microbiome heterogeneity in precision medicine and personalized nutrition. In 2020, Dr. Suez received the NIH Director's Early Independence Award.  

Editor's Summary by Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS, Editor in Chief of JAMA, the Journal of the American Medical Association, for the April 11, 2023, issue. Related Content: Audio Highlights

Trying to raise funds? A new Journal of Marketing study shows that letting donors decide which project to fund can boost revenues by more than 40%. Read an in-depth recap of this research here: https://www.ama.org/2023/01/31/the-secret-to-fundraising-allow-donors-to-choose-how-their-money-is-spent/ Read the full Journal of Marketing article here: https://doi.org/10.1177/00222429221148969 Reference: Emilie Esterzon, Aurélie Lemmens, and Bram Van den Bergh, “Enhancing Donor Agency to Improve Charitable Giving: Strategies and Heterogeneity,” Journal of Marketing. doi:10.1177/0022242922114896 Narrator: Josephine Stein Acknowledgments: Aman Soni Topics: fundraising, donations, charity, charitable giving, agency, fundraising campaigns, choice, machine learning The JM Buzz is a production of the Journal of Marketing and is produced by University FM.

In this episode, Early Career Editor Kevin C. Klatt, PhD, RD speaks with Briana Stephenson, PhD (she/her/hers), an Assistant Professor in the Departments of Biostatistics and the School of Publication about her recent publication, “Racial and ethnic heterogeneity in diets of low-income adult females in the United States: results from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 2011 to 2018” in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Dr Stephenson discusses her research on robust profile clustering as an extension of latent class models to define dietary patterns in population subgroups, focusing in this analysis on low-income female adults to identify racial and ethnic differences in dietary patterns. As Dr Stephenson noted (as of March 2022), she is currently recruiting a postdoc in Statistical Methods in Population Health Disparities research.Be sure to connect with us! Dr Stephenson, @BJKstephenson; AJCN: @AJCNutrition; Dr. Klatt: @kcklatt. Find all of the publications from the American Society for Nutrition (@nutritionorg; @jnutritionorg) at our website: https://nutrition.org/publications/.

Just like no two people are the same, no two strains of mice are the same. Using dozens of different strains of mice with and without a genetic mutation associated with autism called CHD8, researchers at University of Southern California showed great variability in the effect of this mutation on behaviors associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. … Continue reading "Animal models can explain heterogeneity"

My guest today is Kunal Shah, founder and CEO of CRED. When you think of India as a society, the motivations and psychology of consumers and how they interact with brands is fundamentally different than Western societies. There's a different philosophical value attributed to collectivism versus individualism. Trust finds itself aggregating in large entities and institutions and the Indian society often function in spite of itself versus with the same efficiency and structure in the west. But understanding these elements is critical to understanding what types of businesses succeed in India. And in today's episode, Kunal and I unpacked each of these philosophical elements amongst others, and applied them to different topics in Indian markets. Namely, why is the consumption class aggregated in approximately 1% of the population, why has credit been historically underutilized in India, and what are the characteristics needed to build a platform company for next generation India. Please enjoy my conversation with Kunal Shah.   For the full show notes, transcript, and links to the best content to learn more, check out the episode page here.   ----- Return On India is a property of Colossus, LLC. For more episodes of Return On India, visit joincolossus.com/episodes.   Stay up to date on all our podcasts by signing up to Colossus Weekly, our quick dive every Sunday highlighting the top business and investing concepts from our podcasts and the best of what we read that week. Sign up here.   Follow us on Twitter: @RomeenSheth | @joincolossus Show Notes [00:03:05] - [First question] - Applying Maslow's hierarchy to collectivist Asian societies [00:05:30] - How cultural conceptions of time and efficiency affect Indian markets [00:08:32] - The influence of status-based values on spending patterns in Indian culture [00:11:42] - How Indians tend to invest in shared spaces and luxury goods [00:13:49] - Why Indian consumption favors soulfulness over standardization [00:18:16] - The importance of trust in Indian society and commerce [00:21:23] - The success of aggregated super-apps in the East as opposed to focused apps [00:23:54] - Heterogeneity of consumption in India across classes, genders, and subcultures [00:27:06] - How CRED is targeting the India 1A market for financial services [00:31:11] - His perspective on the history of credit use in India [00:34:58] - How Indian software platforms are built on utility and trust [00:37:49] - Layering on financial services onto trusted and free non-finance platforms in India [00:40:26] - Infrastructural deficiencies that continue to hold back the Indian tech market [00:43:27] - Business models from outside India that can work well within India [00:44:51] - His predictions on which Indian ideas will succeed internationally Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this podcast, our faculty discuss the heterogeneity of endometrial cancer and its four molecular classifications. How do these classifications help determine patient treatment plans? Visit www.MorningCommutePodcast.com/Endometrial3 to view the activity and CME/CE information, download the transcript, and complete the post-test and evaluation to earn CME/CE credit.

In this episode of Fire University, Marcus chats with Dr. Victoria Donovan, Assistant Professor of Forest Management at the University of Florida. Join as they discuss her past research understanding the roles of fire dynamics across plant and animal communities, as well as future research programs to continue understanding how fire shapes communities within spatio-temporal scales. Dr. Victoria Donovan The Donovan Lab victoria.donovan@ufl.edu    Dr. Marcus Lashley  - @DrDisturbance - @ufdeerlab  Enroll now in our free wildland fire course. Available to all! This podcast is supported by listener donations - thank you for being a part of this effort. For more information, follow us on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, YouTube!

In this episode of Fire University, Marcus chats with Dr. Victoria Donovan, Assistant Professor of Forest Management at the University of Florida. Join as they discuss her past research understanding the roles of fire dynamics across plant and animal communities, as well as future research programs to continue understanding how fire shapes communities within spatio-temporal scales. Dr. Victoria Donovan The Donovan Lab victoria.donovan@ufl.edu  Dr. Marcus Lashley  - @DrDisturbance - @ufdeerlab  Enroll now in our free wildland fire course. Available to all! This podcast is supported by listener donations - thank you for being a part of this effort. For more information, follow us on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, YouTube!

Communication is a physical process. It's common sense that sending and receiving intelligible messages takes work…but how much work? The question of the relationship between energy, information, and matter is one of the deepest known to science. There appear to be limits to the rate at which communication between two systems can happen…but the search for a fundamental relationship between speed, error, and energy (among other things) promises insights far deeper than merely whether we can keep making faster internet devices. Strap in (and consider slowing down) for a broad and deep discussion on the bounds within which our entire universe must play…Welcome to COMPLEXITY, the official podcast of the Santa Fe Institute. I'm your host, Michael Garfield, and every other week we'll bring you with us for far-ranging conversations with our worldwide network of rigorous researchers developing new frameworks to explain the deepest mysteries of the universe.This week we speak with SFI Professor David Wolpert and MIT Physics PhD student Farita Tasnim, who have worked together over the last year on pioneering research into the nonlinear dynamics of communication channels. In this episode, we explore the history and ongoing evolution of information theory and coding theory, what the field of stochastic thermodynamics has to do with limits to human knowledge, and the role of noise in collective intelligence.Be sure to check out our extensive show notes with links to all our references at complexity.simplecast.com. If you value our research and communication efforts, please subscribe, rate and review us at Apple Podcasts or Spotify, and consider making a donation — or finding other ways to engage with us, including a handful of open postdoctoral fellowships — at santafe.edu/engage.Lastly, this weekend — October 22nd & 23rd — is the return of our InterPlanetary Festival! Join our YouTube livestream for two full days of panel discussions, keynotes, and bleeding edge multimedia performances focusing   space exploration through the lens of complex systems science. The fun begins at 11 A.M. Mountain Time on Saturday and ends 6 P.M. Mountain Time on Sunday. Everything will be recorded and archived at the stream link in case you can't tune in for the live event. Learn more at interplanetaryfest.org…Thank you for listening!Join our Facebook discussion group to meet like minds and talk about each episode.Podcast theme music by Mitch Mignano.Follow us on social media:Twitter • YouTube • Facebook • Instagram • LinkedInReferenced in this episode:Nonlinear thermodynamics of communication channelsby Farita Tasnim and David Wolpert (forthcoming at arXiv.org)Heterogeneity and Efficiency in the Brainby Vijay BalasubramanianNoisy Deductive Reasoning: How Humans Construct Math, and How Math Constructs Universesby David Wolpert & David KinneyStochastic Mathematical Systemsby David Wolpert & David KinneyTwenty-five years of nanoscale thermodynamicsby Chase P. Broedersz & Pierre RoncerayTen Questions about The Hard Limits of Human Intelligenceby David WolpertWhat can we know about that which we cannot even imagine?by David WolpertCommunication consumes 35 times more energy than computation in the human cortex, but both costs are needed to predict synapse numberby William Levy & Victoria CalvertAn exchange of letters on the role of noise in collective intelligenceby Daniel Kahneman, David Krakauer, Olivier Sibony, Cass Sunstein, David WolpertWhen Slower Is Fasterby Carlos Gershenson & Dirk HelbingAdditional Resources:The stochastic thermodynamics of computationby David WolpertElements of Information Theory, Second Edition (textbook)by Thomas Cover & Joy ThomasComputational Complexity: A Modern Approach (textbook)by Sanjeev Arora & Boaz BarakAn Introduction to Kolmogorov Complexity and Its Applications (textbook)by Ming Li & Paul Vitányi