Podcasts about heterogeneity

Engineer Aaron Lindenberg is an expert in the ways atoms and electrons move through materials. He uses X-ray “flash photography” to make movies of atoms moving at ultrafast speeds to predict the fundamental limits of electronics in future consumer devices, solar cells, and AI chips. He estimates we are “many orders of magnitude away” from the physical limits of both speed and energy efficiency in our electronics. Today's computers are at least a thousand times slower than they could be, Lindenberg tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering's The Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to thefutureofeverything@stanford.edu. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Aaron Lindenberg Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Chapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest Aaron Lindenberg, a professor of Material Science & Photon Science at Stanford University. (00:03:26) Path into Materials Science How a biology problem inspired Lindenberg's interest in atomic-scale dynamics. (00:05:34) What Materials Scientists Study Understanding how atoms, electrons, and ions create useful material properties. (00:06:44) Seeing Atoms in Motion How X-ray scattering and diffraction reveal atomic structure and dynamics. (00:08:59) Femtosecond Timescales Why ultra-fast measurements are needed to capture atomic motion. (00:10:25) Making Atomic Movies How researchers use snapshots to study materials as they change. (00:13:08) Speed Limits in Materials What determines how fast a material can switch between states. (00:15:32) Faster and More Efficient Devices Why electronics still have room to improve in speed and energy use. (00:17:43) The Energy Cost of Switching How fundamental energy limits shape future computing devices. (00:19:10) Speed, Energy, and Reliability The trade-offs that govern how materials perform in real devices. (00:21:29) Solar Cells at the Atomic Scale How materials convert light into electricity inside a solar cell. (00:23:40) Capturing Energy Before It Becomes Heat Why ultra-fast dynamics matter for improving solar cell efficiency. (00:26:13) Randomness in Materials How stochastic atomic motion affects material performance. (00:28:20) Measuring Dynamic Complexity Why nanoscale materials do not behave the same way every time. (00:30:26) AI for Materials Research How AI helps in Lindenberg's research (00:32:56) Future In a Minute Rapid-fire Q&A: science, collaboration, and future materials. (00:36:13) Conclusion   Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Most neural network models till date have assumed all neurons to be identical, or at least that all neurons within a population are identical. In reality, no two neurons are completely the same. Is this due to unavoidable "biological noise" that the nervous system has to cope with, or can it be a useful feature included by design? The guest co-wrote the recent paper "How heterogeneity shapes dynamics and computation in the brain" addressing this question.

In the second part of this series, Dr. Katie Krulisky and Dr. Cristina Domínguez-González explore the most effective approach to evaluating suspected mitochondrial disease. Show citation: Bermejo-Guerrero L, Restrepo-Vera JL, Martin-Jimenez P, et al. Clinical Heterogeneity and Candidate Biomarkers in POLG-Related Mitochondrial Disease. Neurol Genet. 2026;12(2):e200365. Published 2026 Mar 10. doi:10.1212/NXG.0000000000200365  Show transcript:  Dr. Katie Krulisky: This is The Neurology Minute. This is the second part of our series. I'm Katie Krulisky from the University of Utah and I'm here with Cristina Domínguez-González from the 12th of October University Hospital and its affiliated health research institute in Madrid, Spain. We've just recorded a full podcast on our paper, Clinical Heterogeneity and Candidate Biomarkers in POLG-related Mitochondrial Disease, which has been published in Neurology Genetics. Cristina, for The Minute, what's the most practical way to work up suspected mitochondrial disease today? Dr. Cristina Domínguez-González:  In practice, everything starts with the clinical picture. Recognizing the pattern, whether it's a combination of features or a more subtle isolated presentation, is what should first raise suspicion. From there, you decide the next step. Targeted genetic testing if the phenotype is well-defined, grow their sequencing if it is less clear or more complex. Biomarkers can also be very helpful. GDF15, Growth Differentiation Factor 15, is markedly elevated in many mitochondrial diseases and can support the suspicion. In myopathies in particular, it is especially useful because of its high negative predictive value helping to rule out a mitochondrial cause when levels are not elevated. And finally, muscle biopsy still has a role. It can provide important information in selected cases, particularly in adults or when genetic results are inconclusive, both for diagnosis and also to guide further studies. Dr. Katie Krulisky: Thank you. That's super helpful. And for more on mitochondrial diseases and POLG-related disorders, have a listen to the full neurology podcast. Again, I'm Katie Krulisky from the University of Utah with Cristina Domínguez-González  from the 12th of October University Hospital and its affiliated health research institute in Madrid, Spain.  

In part one of this series, Dr. Katie Krulisky and Dr. Cristina Domínguez-González discuss when a neurologist should start thinking about mitochondrial disease.  Show citation: Bermejo-Guerrero L, Restrepo-Vera JL, Martin-Jimenez P, et al. Clinical Heterogeneity and Candidate Biomarkers in POLG-Related Mitochondrial Disease. Neurol Genet. 2026;12(2):e200365. Published 2026 Mar 10. doi:10.1212/NXG.0000000000200365  Show transcript:  Dr. Katie Krulisky: This is The Neurology Minute, and this will be a two-part series. I've had the pleasure of speaking with Cristina Domínguez-González from the 12th of October University Hospital and its affiliated Health Research Institute in Madrid, Spain. I'm Katie Krulisky from the University of Utah. We've just recorded a full podcast on our paper, Clinical Heterogeneity and Candidate Biomarkers and POLG-related Mitochondrial Disease, which has been published in Neurology Genetics. So for our first minute, Cristina, when should a neurologist start thinking about mitochondrial disease? Dr. Cristina Domínguez-González: Mitochondrial diseases are among the most common inherited neurological disorders. Think of them whenever you see compatible features like ptosis ophthalmoplegia, polyneuropathy, ataxia or myopathy, especially when they occur in combination. But even when these features appear in isolation, mitochondrial disease should still be part of the differential. This is particularly important because many patients do not present with a full classical picture, especially in early the disease course. In practice, this means maintaining a low threshold to consider mitochondrial disease, even in a typical presentations. Dr. Katie Krulisky: Thank you so much. And for more information on mitochondrial disease and POLG-related disorders, do listen to the full neurology podcast. Again, I'm Katie Krulisky from the University of Utah with Cristina Domínguez-González from the 12th of October University Hospital and its affiliated Health Research Institute in Madrid, Spain.   

Dr. Katie Krulisky talks with Dr. Cristina Domínguez-González about the complexities of mitochondrial disease, including diagnosis, biomarkers, and recent research on POLG-related disorders.  Read the related article in Neurology® Genetics.  Disclosures can be found at Neurology.org.

In this episode of The Poultry Nutrition Blackbelt Podcast, Emmanuel Nuamah, Research Assistant at Jeonbuk National University in South Korea, explains how meta-analysis combines data from multiple studies to deliver more reliable, evidence-based nutritional strategies for broilers and layers. He walks through the full meta-analysis process, from the PICO framework to bias screening, and discusses how machine learning is making the method even more dynamic and powerful. Listen now on all major platforms!"Meta-analysis aggregates individual studies to reveal nutritional strategies that hold across real-world variability in commercial production."Meet the guest: Emmanuel Nuamah is a Research Assistant at Jeonbuk National University in South Korea, specializing in broiler and swine nutrition, digestive physiology, and meta-analysis. His work focuses on building evidence-based nutritional strategies from pooled study data. He holds a B.Sc. in Agriculture and an M.Phil. in Animal Science from the University of Cape Coast, Ghana.Liked this one? Don't stop now — Here's what we think you'll love!What you'll learn:(00:00) Highlight(01:39) Introduction(03:14) Meta-analysis overview(05:25) Heterogeneity and context(06:45) PICO framework explained(08:22) Screening and bias removal(12:17) AI and machine learning role(13:41) Closing thoughtsThe Poultry Nutrition Blackbelt Podcast is trusted and supported by innovative companies like:* Fortiva* Kemin- Anitox- DietForge- Poultry Science Association

As anyone in ocean acoustics will tell you, sound is essential for much of the work done underwater, whether that be navigation, sensing objects, or passively monitoring wildlife. While much research has been done about sandy ocean floors, scientists still have a lot to learn about muddier regions with mixtures of different types of sediment. In this episode, we talk with two editors and a researcher involved with the recent JASA Special Issue on Assessing Sediment Heterogeneity on Continental Shelves and Slopes: Preston Wilson (University of Texas at Austin), David Knobles (Platt Institute of Nuclear Physics and Cosmology), and Kyle Becker (University of Washington).Read all the articles from the special issue here!Read more from The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (JASA).Learn more about Acoustical Society of America Publications.Music Credit: Min 2019 by minwbu from Pixabay. 

In this episode, Professor Louise Serpell is joined by 2026 Rainwater Prize winners Professor Dennis Dickson, Professor Melissa Murray and Dr Marc Busche. They talk about their work and the science that led to them earning this much deserved award, reflecting on decades of research into tau and its role in neurodegenerative disease. The conversation explores how tau functions in the healthy brain, how it becomes harmful in conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy, and why certain brain regions are especially vulnerable. The discussion covers different forms of tau, including soluble species that may disrupt how neurons fire before visible tangles appear. Brain banking, imaging and fluid biomarkers are highlighted as key tools for understanding disease differences and improving diagnosis. The importance of rare MAPT mutations and what they can teach us about future treatments is also explored. Alongside the science, there are thoughtful reflections on mentorship, risk taking and the value of asking ambitious questions in dementia research. 10 Key Takeaways

In this episode of the Crazy Wisdom podcast, host Stewart Alsop sits down with Markus Buehler, the McAfee Professor of Engineering at MIT, to explore how seemingly different systems—from proteins and music to knowledge structures and AI reasoning—share underlying patterns through hierarchy, self-organization, and scale-free networks. The conversation ranges from the limits of current AI interpolation versus true discovery (using the fire-to-fusion example), to the emergence of agent swarms and their non-linear effects, to practical questions about ontologies, knowledge graphs, and whether humans will remain necessary in the creative discovery process. Markus discusses his lab's work automating scientific discovery through AI agents that can generate hypotheses, run simulations, and even retrain themselves, while Stewart shares his own experiences building applications with AI coding agents and grapples with questions about intellectual property, material science constraints, and the future of human creativity in an AI-abundant world.Timestamps00:00 - Introduction to Marcus Buehler's work on knowledge graphs, structural grammar across proteins, music, and AI reasoning05:00 - Discussion of AI discovery versus interpolation, using fire and fusion as examples of fundamental versus incremental innovation10:00 - Language models as connective glue between agents, enabling communication despite imperfect outputs and canonical averaging15:00 - Embodiment and agency in AI systems, creating adversarial agents that challenge theories and expand world models20:00 - Emergent properties in materials and AI, comparing dislocations in metals to behaviors in agent swarms25:00 - Human role-playing and phase separation in society, parallels to composite materials and heterogeneity30:00 - Physical world challenges, atom-by-atom manufacturing at MIT.nano, limitations of lithography machines35:00 - Synthetic biology as alternative to nanotechnology, programming microorganisms for materials discovery40:00 - Intellectual property debates, commodification of AI models, control layers more valuable than model architecture45:00 - Automation of ontologies, agent self-testing, daughter's coding success at age 1150:00 - Graph theory for knowledge compression, neurosymbolic approaches combining symbolic and neural methods55:00 - Nonlinear acceleration in AI, emergence from accumulated innovations, restaurant owner embracing AI01:00:00 - Future generations possibly rejecting AI, democratization of knowledge, social media as real-time scientific discourseKey Insights1. Universal Patterns Across Disciplines: Seemingly different systems in nature—proteins, music, social networks, and knowledge itself—share fundamental structural patterns including hierarchy, self-organization, and scale-free networks. This commonality allows creative thinkers to draw insights across disciplines, applying principles from one domain to solve problems in another. As an engineer and materials scientist, Buehler has leveraged these isomorphisms to advance scientific understanding by mapping the "plumbing" of different systems onto each other, revealing hidden relationships that enable extrapolation beyond what's observable in any single domain.2. The Discovery Versus Interpolation Problem: Current AI systems, particularly large language models, excel at interpolation—recombining existing knowledge in new ways—but struggle with genuine discovery that requires fundamental rewiring of world models. Using the example of fire versus fusion, Buehler explains that an AI trained on combustion chemistry would propose bigger fires or new fuels, but couldn't conceive of fusion because that requires stepping back to more fundamental physics. True discovery demands the ability to recognize when existing theories have boundaries and to develop entirely new frameworks, something current AI architectures aren't designed to achieve due to their training objective of predicting the most likely outcome.3. The Role of Ontologies and Knowledge Graphs: While some AI researchers argue that ontologies are unnecessary because models form internal representations, Buehler advocates for explicit knowledge graphs as essential discovery tools. External ontologies provide sharp, analytical, symbolic representations that complement the fuzzy internal representations of neural networks. They enable verification of rare connections—like obscure papers that might hold key insights—which would be averaged away in standard AI training. This neurosymbolic approach combines the generalization capabilities of neural networks with the precision of formal knowledge structures, creating more powerful discovery systems.4. Emergent Properties and Agent Swarms: Just as materials science shows that collections of atoms exhibit properties impossible to predict from individual components, AI agent swarms demonstrate emergent behaviors beyond single models. When agents are incentivized not just to answer questions but to challenge each other adversarially, propose theories, and test hypotheses, they can spawn new copies of themselves and evolve understanding beyond their initial programming. This emergence isn't surprising from a materials science perspective—dislocations, grain boundaries, and other collective phenomena only appear at scale, fundamentally determining material behavior in ways unpredictable from studying just a few atoms.5. The Commoditization of Intelligence: The fundamental AI models themselves are becoming commodities, as evidenced by events like the Moldbug phenomenon where people built agents using various providers interchangeably. The real value is shifting from who has the smartest model to how models are orchestrated, integrated, and deployed. This parallels historical technology adoption patterns—just as we moved past debating who makes the best electricity to focusing on applications, AI is transitioning from a horse race over model capabilities to questions of infrastructure, energy, access speed, and agent coordination at the systems level.6. Human-AI Collaboration and Creative Control: Rather than wholesale replacement, AI enables humans to operate in an intensely creative space as orchestrators sampling from vast possibility spaces. Similar to how Buehler's 11-year-old daughter now builds sophisticated applications that would have required professional developers years ago, AI democratizes access to capabilities while humans retain the creative judgment about direction and meaning. The human role becomes curating emergence, finding rare connections, playing at the edges of knowledge, and exercising the kind of curiosity-driven exploration that AI systems lack without embodied stakes in their own survival and continuation.7. Technology as Evolutionary Inevitability: The development of AI represents not an unnatural threat but the next stage of human evolution—an extension of our innate drive to build models of ourselves and our world. From cave paintings to partial differential equations to artificial intelligence, humans continuously create increasingly sophisticated representations and tools. Attempting to stop this technological evolution is futile; instead, the focus should be on steering it ...

Katlyn Nemani, MD, explores how autoimmune and inflammatory brain disorders can present as first-episode psychosis—and why some patients diagnosed with schizophrenia may actually have a treatable immune-mediated illness. She explains the clinical features that should prompt suspicion for autoimmune psychosis, including subacute onset, subtle neurologic signs, and poor response to antipsychotics, even when standard imaging and antibody tests are unrevealing.Dr. Nemani also discusses the limits of current biomarkers, how to think clinically when diagnostic certainty is incomplete, and why early immunotherapy can dramatically alter outcomes. The conversation closes with a forward-looking discussion of emerging research suggesting that a meaningful subset of schizophrenia-like illness may ultimately be reclassified as autoimmune in origin.Katlyn Nemani, MD, is a Research Assistant Professor in the Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology at NYU Grossman School of Medicine and a graduate of NYU's combined Neurology-Psychiatry residency program.▶️ Watch Insights on Psychiatry on YouTube00:00 When Psychosis May Be an Autoimmune Disease01:18 Early Psychiatric Symptoms of Autoimmune Encephalitis02:47 Why Subtle Neurologic Clues Matter04:00 A Case of Rapidly Reversible Psychosis06:37 The Limits of Antibody Testing07:51 Why Early Treatment Changes Outcomes08:18 Rethinking the Heterogeneity of Schizophrenia09:31 How Common Is Autoimmune Contribution to Psychosis?10:48 Network-Level Brain Effects and Open Research QuestionsThis episode is intended for psychiatrists, neurologists, and other clinicians interested in psychosis, neuroinflammation, and complex diagnostic presentations at the psychiatry–neurology interface.This discussion is for educational purposes and does not substitute for individual clinical judgment or patient care. Senior Producer: Jon Earle

Send us a textDo Heterogeneous Treatment Effects Exist?For the last 50 years, we've designed cars to be safe...For the 50th-percentile male.Well, that's actually not 100% correct.According to Stanford's report, we introduced "female" crash test dummies in the 1960s, but...They were just scaled-down versions of male dummies and...Represented the 5th percentile of females in terms of body size and mass (aka the smallest 5% of women in the general population).These dummies also did not take into account female-typical injury tolerance, biomechanics, spinal alignment, and more.But...Does it matter for actual safety?In the episode, we cover:- Do heterogeneous treatment effects (different effects in different contexts) exist?- If so, can we actually detect them?- Is it more ethical to look for heterogeneous treatment effects or rather look at global averages?Video version available on the Youtube: https://youtu.be/V801RQTBpp4Recorded on Nov 12, 2025 in Malaga, Spain.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------About RichardProfessor Richard Hahn, PhD, is a professor of statistics at Arizona State University (ASU). He develops novel statistical methods for analyzing data arising from the social sciences, including psychology, economics, education, and business. His current focus revolves around causal inference using regression tree models, as well as foundational issues in Bayesian statistics.Connect with Richard:- Richard on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/richard-hahn-a1096050/About StephenStephen Senn, PhD, is a statistician and consultant who specializes in drug development clinical trials. He is a former Group Head at Ciba-Geigy and has taught at the University of Glasgow and University College London (UCL). He is the author of "Statistical Issues in Drug Development," "Crossover Trials in Clinical Research," and "Dicing with Death."Connect with Stephen:- Stephen on LinkedIn: Support the showCausal Bandits PodcastCausal AI || Causal Machine Learning || Causal Inference & DiscoveryWeb: https://causalbanditspodcast.comConnect on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/aleksandermolak/Join Causal Python Weekly: https://causalpython.io The Causal Book: https://amzn.to/3QhsRz4

In this Review Series episode, Blood Associate Editor, Dr. Elisabeth Battinelli discusses the Platelet Heterogeneity with authors Drs. Craig Morrell, Larry Frelinger, and Leo Nicolai.  Find the full review series in volume 146 issue 24 of Blood. 

Project Sync / Status Update Summary Podcast Episode Overview The host discussed Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) as a recurring pain board topic and reviewed mechanisms, efficacy, and clinical considerations. Emphasis that TENS appears on pain boards annually and is a foundational topic from early podcast episodes. Board Prep and NRAP Community at PainExam.com or NRAPpain.org ABA ABPM ABIPP FIPP Pain Management Board prep, Question Banks, and Virtual Pain Fellowship Educational Offerings and Events Training and Courses: Monthly ultrasound courses in New York and upcoming courses in Detroit covering ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia and chronic pain. Ultrasound Guided Acute and Chronic Pain course in November near Hollywood/Fort Lauderdale with venue pending confirmation. Multiple instructors to offer diverse perspectives; registration via the CME calendar at nrappain.org. Conferences and Teaching: New York–New Jersey Pain Conference in November (hosted by Soudir Duwan). ISPN conference in London next week, with ultrasound teaching participation by the host. Community and Coaching: Private coaching and shadowing opportunities available; contact via newsletter replies. Access to the NRAP community forum upon signup at nrappain.org for discussions on neuromodulation, regional anesthesia, and pain. TENS: Mechanisms and Parameters Device and Parameters: TENS delivers adjustable pulse frequency and intensity; configurations include low (50–100+ Hz), and mixed frequencies. Mechanisms of Analgesia: Activation of large-diameter, non-noxious A-beta afferent fibers in the periphery, driving descending inhibitory pathways and reducing hyperalgesia. Board-relevant point: selective activation of A-beta fibers is frequently tested. Central effects: Reduces central excitability and nociceptive dorsal horn neuron activity in uninjured and injured models. Frequency-dependent opioid receptor mediation: High-frequency analgesia blocked by delta receptor antagonists. Low-frequency analgesia blocked by mu receptor antagonists (spinal cord and rostral ventral medulla). Additional receptor involvement: muscarinic M1/M3, GABA-A, and cannabinoid (CB1) receptors; blockade reduces or prevents TENS analgesia depending on frequency. Peripheral effects: High-frequency TENS reduces injury-related increases in substance P in DRG neurons. Blockade of peripheral opioid and CB1 receptors can prevent analgesia from both low- and high-frequency TENS. Clinical dosing considerations: Adequate dosing (timing, frequency of use, intensity achieving strong but non-painful paresthesia) influences efficacy. Analgesia has rapid onset/offset and may require repeated administration throughout the day for sustained relief. Evidence and Efficacy Summary Systematic Review Findings: Cochrane umbrella review of 9 systematic reviews (51 trials; n=2,895) comparing active TENS with sham/usual care found uncertain efficacy due to: Very low-quality evidence (risk of bias, small samples, methodological limitations). Inconsistent adverse event reporting. Heterogeneity in TENS parameters and comparators. Authors note uncertainty may be confounded by inadequate dosing not being an inclusion metric. Practical Interpretation: TENS is inexpensive, low-risk, self-administered, and titratable; commonly used by patients and physical therapists. Clinical experience suggests potential adjunctive benefit for acute pain, but systematic reviews are conflicting; more rigorous studies are needed. For board preparation, the critical takeaway is A-beta fiber activation. Key Takeaways for Board Prep TENS targets large-diameter non-noxious A-beta afferents to reduce nociceptive signaling. High-frequency TENS: analgesia mediated via delta opioid receptors; blocked by delta antagonists. Low-frequency TENS: analgesia mediated via mu opioid receptors; blocked by mu antagonists in spinal cord and RVM. Additional receptor systems influencing TENS efficacy include muscarinic (M1/M3), GABA-A, and CB1. Action Items Review TENS mechanisms with emphasis on A-beta fiber activation for board prep. Verify and publish final venue details for the November Florida ultrasound course. Share registration links and schedules for Detroit and New York ultrasound and chronic pain courses via CME calendar. Prepare teaching materials for ISPN London ultrasound sessions next week. Update board prep resources on painexam.com and nrappain.org with current TENS evidence and dosing guidance. Promote NRAP community forum access and private coaching/shadowing opportunities through the newsletter.   David Rosenblum, MD, currently serves as the Director of Pain Management at Maimonides Medical Center and AABP Integrative Pain Care.  As a member of the Department of Anesthesiology, he is involved in teaching, research, CME activities, and was key faculty in developing the anesthesiology residency's regional anesthesia block rotation, as well as institutional wide acute and chronic pain management protocols to ensure safe and effective pain management. He currently is a managing partner in a multi-physician private pain practice, AABP Integrative Pain Care, located in Brooklyn, NY. He is one of the earliest interventional pain physicians to integrate ultrasound guidance to improve the safety and accuracy of interventional pain procedures. Patients can go to www.AABPpain.com or call 718 436 7246 Awards New York Magazine: Top Doctors: 2016, 2017, 2018, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025 Schneps Media: 2015, 2016, 2017, 2019, 2020 Top Doctors New York Metro Area (digital guide): 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023 2025 Schneps Media - Brooklyn Courier Life: 2021, 2022, 2023 References  Johnson M. Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation: Mechanisms, Clinical Application and Evidence. Rev Pain. 2007 Aug;1(1):7-11. doi: 10.1177/204946370700100103. PMID: 26526976; PMCID: PMC4589923.   Vance, C.G.T.; Dailey, D.L.; Chimenti, R.L.; Van Gorp, B.J.; Crofford, L.J.; Sluka, K.A. Using TENS for Pain Control: Update on the State of the Evidence. Medicina 2022, 58, 1332. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58101332 #painnyc #painbrooklyn #prpbrooklyn #prpspine #regionalanesthsia #pccwindsor #paincareclinicswindsor #painwindsorontario #paindocwindsorontarior #paincareclinics #prpwindsorontario #prp 

Support the show to get full episodes, full archive, and join the Discord community. Ann Kennedy is Associate Professor at Scripps Research Institute and runs the Laboratory for Theoretical Neuroscience and Behavior. Among other things, Ann has been studying how processes important in life, like survival, threat response, motivation, and pain, are mediated through subcortical brain areas like the hypothalamus. She also pays attention to the time course those life processes require, which has led her to consider how the expression of things like proteins help shape neural processes throughout the brain, so we can behave appropriately in those different contexts. You'll hear us talk about how this is still a pretty open field in theoretical neuroscience, unlike the historically heavy use of theory in popular brain areas throughout the cortex, and the historically narrow focus on spikes or action potentials as the only game in town when it comes to neural computation. We discuss that and I link in the show notes to a commentary piece Ann wrote, in which she argues for both top-down and bottom-up theoretical approaches. I also link to her papers about the early evolution of nervous systems, how heterogeneity or diversity of neurons is an advantage for neural computations, and we discuss a kaggle competition she developed to benchmark automated behavioral labels of behaving organisms, so that despite different researchers using different recording systems and setups, analyzing those data will produce consistent labels to better compare across labs and aggregated bigger and better data sets. Laboratory for Theoretical Neuroscience and Behavior. Social: @antihebbiann.bsky.social @Antihebbiann The Kaggle competition Ann developed to generalize behavior categorization. Related papersDynamics of neural activity in early nervous system evolution.Theoretical neuroscience has room to grow. Neural heterogeneity controls computations in spiking neural networks. A parabrachial hub for the prioritization of survival behavior. An approximate line attractor in the hypothalamus encodes an aggressive state. Read the transcript. 0:00 - Intro 3:36 - Why study subcortical areas? 13:30 - Evolution 15:06 - Dynamical systems and time scales 21:32 - NeuroAI 28:37 - Before there were brains 33:11 - Endogenous spontaneous activity 40:09 - Natural vs artificial 43:09 - Different is more - heterogeneity 45:32 - Neuromodulators and neuropeptide functions 55:47 - Heterogeneity: manifolds, subspaces, and gain 1:02:43 - Control knobs 1:09:45 - Theoretical neuroscience has room to grow 1:19:59 - Hypothalamus 1:20:57 - Subcortical vs "higher" cognition 1:24:53 - 4E cognition 1:26:56 - Behavior benchmarking 1:37:26 - Current challenges 1:39:46 - Advice to young researchers

Below the knee atherectomy is a hot topic right now in the vascular community. Why is it so controversial? Dr. Anahita Dua, vascular surgeon at Mass General, joins host Dr. Sabeen Dhand to explore the utility of this technique and the pressing need for more Level I evidence in this space.---This podcast is supported by:AngioDynamichttps://www.auryon-system.com/---SYNPOSISThe conversation dives into the controversial role of below-the-knee atherectomy in limb salvage, an area where data has long been debated. Dr. Dua, principal investigator of the AMBITION BTK Trial—the first randomized controlled trial comparing below-the-knee atherectomy to angioplasty alone—introduces the trial and explains how it fits into the current body of literature.Together, the doctors review past evidence, current practice, and the future outlook for tibial interventions. Dr. Dua outlines the wide range of techniques and clinical strategies used to manage PAD, and stresses the importance of physician engagement with the NIH and research community to establish stronger, evidence-based protocols. She also shares her candid thoughts on the most overrated and underrated devices in tibial intervention, highlighting atherectomy's potential role in vessel preparation before below-the-knee treatment.---TIMESTAMPS00:00 - Introduction04:55 - Current State of Evidence and Challenges10:54 - Heterogeneity in PAD Treatment14:26 - Need for National Metrics and Standardization20:51 - AMBITION BTK Trial and Importance27:23 - Potential Outcomes and Implications30:18 - Trial Design34:56 - Advice for Practitioners37:36 - Underrated and Overrated Devices41:50 - Conclusion---RESOURCESAMBITION BTK Trial:https://www.angiodynamics.com/studies/ambition-btk/

In this powerful episode (#35) of BioTalk Unzipped, recorded live at the AAPS NBC conference in Boston, Gregory Austin engages in a deep conversation with a leading Neuroscientist, Dr. Robert Thorne, Denali Fellow at Denali Therapeutics, for an intimate and scientific deep dive into the evolving world of brain cancer treatment and CNS drug delivery. Both Gregory and Dr. Thorne share personal stories of losing family members to brain metastases, weaving in the emotional 'why' behind their professional paths.Dr. Thorne highlights the complexities of the blood-brain barrier, the heterogeneity of brain metastases, and cutting-edge delivery technologies—including focused ultrasound and molecular engineering approaches. The conversation also touches on pediatric brain tumors like diffuse midline glioma (DIPG), emerging research in lysosomal storage diseases, and the collaborative spirit driving innovation in neuroscience today.This is more than a technical discussion—it's a human story about grief, hope, and the relentless pursuit of better outcomes for patients with brain diseases.00:00 Preview & Intro01:10 Robert Thorne's Reflections on the AAPS NBC conference03:14 The Professional Biotech and Pharma League05:09 A Personal Story Shared: Family Loss to Brain Cancer07:57 My Reason for Optimism Treating Brain Cancer08:50 Why Brain Metastases Remain Hard to Treat11:10 Scientific Advances in Drug Delivery for Brain Cancer12:30 Seed and Soil Concept in Oncology15:18 Pediatric Brain Tumors: DNET, DIPG, and Beyond16:49 Looking Ahead: Hope for Future Therapies21:32 Closing GratitudeDr. Robert Thornehttps://www.linkedin.com/in/robert-g-thorne/Denali Therapeutics - https://www.denalitherapeutics.com/ Dr. Chad Briscoehttps://www.linkedin.com/in/chadbriscoe/ Celerion - https://www.celerion.com/ Gregory Austinhttps://www.linkedin.com/in/gregoryaustin1/ Celerion - https://www.celerion.com/ Key Takeaways:Personal Connection Fuels Professional Passion: Both Gregory and Dr. Thorne were driven into the life sciences field by family experiences with brain tumors.The Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) Remains a Major Challenge: Brain metastases from cancers like melanoma, lung, and breast cancer still present difficult delivery barriers for therapies.Heterogeneity in Brain Mets: Different metastases within the same patient can have vastly different BBB permeability, requiring multifaceted delivery strategies.Emerging Drug Delivery Innovations: Focused ultrasound, engineered biologics, and Denali's own delivery platforms are all promising ways to improve CNS drug penetration.Pediatric Brain Cancers Present a Unique Set of Challenges: Diseases like diffuse midline glioma (DIPG) remain largely untreatable, but learnings from lysosomal storage disorders may translate in the...

Narelle Dalwood is a neurological physiotherapist and Senior Lecturer at Monash University Physiotherapy. In this episode, Narelle and I discuss the foundations of neurological physiotherapy, including neuroanatomy and the pathology of common conditions such as stroke. Thanks Narelle for a great conversation. Use the timestamps below to jump to relevant sections. In this episode: 0:00 About this episode and welcome Narelle 1:04 Common neurological conditions 3:14 Middle cerebral artery strokes 7:50 Heterogeneity - combining imaging, history and assessment findings 12:45 Defining terminology – infarcts and haemorrhagic strokes 14:38 How do you recognise a stroke? Timely recognition and clot busting drugs. 22:00 Upper and lower motor neurons 25:14 Reflexes and recognising serious neurological problems 33:25 Neuroplasticity 41:12 How to develop your neuro physio knowledge and skills – brush up on your neuroanatomy 54:30 Final thoughts Narelle mentioned these guidelines and resources for health professionals, patients and their families from the National Stroke Foundation: https://informme.org.au/  https://enableme.org.au/  https://sciptguide.com/ Stay connected: Read more at Perraton.Physio or the Perraton Physio LinkedIn page. Watch us on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@PerratonPhysio Follow @PerratonPhysio on Facebook, X (Twitter), Instagram and Linked In. This discussion is intended for health professionals and health professional students. Always seek guidance from a qualified health professional regarding any questions about your health or medical condition.

We employ a dynamic regression discontinuity design comparing business outcomes in areas that passed additional school property taxes to business outcomes in areas that failed to do so. On average, these referenda increase local property taxes by approximately 8 percent. We find little evidence that passage of a property tax referendum influences the total number of establishments in the district in the following years. Further, there is little evidence that property taxes affect total establishment births or deaths. Heterogeneity analysis does not find differences across various measures of firm exposure to property taxes. Authors: Enami, Ali, C. Lockwood Reynolds, and Shawn M. Rohlin

In this episode of the Onc Now Podcast, host Jonathan Sackier is joined by Heather McArthur, Associate Professor in the Department of Medicine at University of Texas, UT Southwestern Medical Center, USA. They discuss recent advancements in breast cancer immunotherapy and the future of personalised care.  Timestamps:    00:00 - Introduction  01:20 - Transformative breakthroughs in immunotherapy  03:51 - Communicating new research to the public  05:48 - Racial disparities in cancer screenings  07:22 - Unmet needs in treating triple-negative breast cancer  11:48 - Genomic profiling and molecular pathways   13:30 - Barriers to personalised treatment plans  15:09 - Designing and conducting large-scale, international trials  19:16 - Optoacoustic imaging in cancer  22:52 - The ‘first' cell and the heterogeneity of breast tumours  25:21 – Heather's three wishes for healthcare 

Romain Banchereau joins the show to discuss and debate this Cancer Cell paper on molecular subtypes in urothelial cancer and implications for checkpoint blockade.

Osteosarcoma Webinar Series: Alexander Davies, DVM, PhD joins us on OsteoBites to discuss his work which is focused on dynamic tumor-microenvironment signaling cross-talk, signal integration, and the development of 3D organotypic and tissue models to study these interactions using live-cell microscopy techniques. Results from studies in the Davies Lab demonstrate the utility of a novel dynamic live-cell tissue model, the lungSITE model, to quantitatively measure and understand tumor signaling dynamics and behaviors within the context of the lung metastatic niche. Data obtained from this model provided new insights into how spatial position and temporal response influence signaling dynamics, specifically in osteosarcoma lung metastasis, to create intratumoral signaling heterogeneity and consequent single-cell drug response variation. Dr. Alexander Davies graduated with a Ph.D. in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and a D.V.M., with an interest in comparative oncology, from the University of California, Davis. He then completed a post-doctoral fellowship in cancer biology at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory before joining The Ohio State University as faculty in the Department of Veterinary Biosciences. While at OSU he was a member of the Comprehensive Cancer Center and faculty in the Cancer Biology and Cancer Engineering programs. Currently, Dr. Davies is an Assistant Professor at the Knight Cancer Institute within the Division of Oncological Sciences and Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center (CEDAR) where his work focuses on dynamic tumor-microenvironment signaling cross-talk, signal integration, and the development of 3D organotypic and tissue models to study these interactions using live-cell microscopy techniques.

Moderator: James P. Rathmell, M.D. Participants: Daniele De Luca M.D., Ph.D. and David Tingay, M.B.B.S., Ph.D. Articles Discussed: Global and Regional Heterogeneity of Lung Aeration in Neonates with Different Respiratory Disorders: A Physiological, Observational Study Lung Ultrasound and Regional Heterogeneity: A Bedside Solution to an Under-Recognized Problem?

CardioNerds Dan Ambinder and Dr. Devesh Rai join cardiology fellows and National Lipid Association lipid scholars Dr. Jelani Grant from Johns Hopkins University and Dr. Alexander Razavi from Emory University. They discuss a case involving a patient with familial hypercholesterolemia. Dr. Archna Bajaj from University of Pennsylvania provides expert commentary. Drs. Jelani Grant and Alexander Razavi drafted notes. CardioNerds Intern Pacey Wetstein engineered episode audio. This episode is part of a case reports series developed in collaboration with the National Lipid Association and their Lipid Scholarship Program, with mentorship from Dr. Daniel Soffer and Dr. Eugenia Gianos. A classic finding in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia is the presence of markedly elevated levels of total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) with an LDL-C concentration of 190 mg/dL or greater. However, severe hypercholesterolemia is not inevitably present, and many patients who carry this diagnosis may have lower LDL-C levels. This case history describes a young woman whose mother and brother met clinical and genetic criteria for heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia but who had only a mild elevation in LDL-C, falling to 130 mg/dL after dietary intervention. Despite this finding, genetic testing revealed the presence of the same genetic variants as were noted in her mother and brother. In addition, a second genetic variant predisposing them to cholesterol gallstone formation was identified in all three family members. If genetic testing had not been performed, the diagnosis may have been missed or delayed, resulting in an increased risk for vascular complications associated with familial hypercholesterolemia. This case supports the value of genetic testing of family members of those with familial hypercholesterolemia, even when LDL-C levels are not severely elevated. US Cardiology Review is now the official journal of CardioNerds! Submit your manuscript here. CardioNerds Case Reports PageCardioNerds Episode PageCardioNerds AcademyCardionerds Healy Honor Roll CardioNerds Journal ClubSubscribe to The Heartbeat Newsletter!Check out CardioNerds SWAG!Become a CardioNerds Patron! Pearls - Exposing an Unusual Presentation of Familial Hypercholesterolemia – National Lipid Association Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is among the most common autosomal co-dominant genetic conditions (approximately 1:200 to 1:300 for HeFH, 1:160,000 to 1:300,000 for HoFH). Genetic testing has a role for all first-degree relatives when a family history of FH is strongly suggestive, regardless of LDL-C level. Heterogeneity in ASCVD risk among individuals with FH is derived from background polygenic risk, clinical risk factors (e.g., timing of lipid-lowering initiation and adjacent risk factors), as well as subclinical atherosclerosis burden. In clinical or genetically confirmed FH, an LDL-C goal of 55 mg/dL is recommended. Beyond statins, FDA-approved non-statin therapies for FH include ezetimibe, PCSK9 mAb, bempedoic acid, inclisiran, evolocumab (only HoFH), lomitapide (only HoFH), and LDL apheresis. Notes - Exposing an Unusual Presentation of Familial Hypercholesterolemia – National Lipid Association What are the diagnostic criteria for FH? Dutch Lipid Clinic Network1 Variables: family history, clinical history, physical exam, LDL-C level, DNA (LDLR, APOB, PCSK9) Simon-Broome1 Variables: total or LDL-C, physical exam, DNA (LDLR, APOB, PCSK9), family history Emphasis on clinical history and physical exam reduces sensitivity U.S. Make Early Diagnosis Prevent Early Death (MEDPED) 1 Only one of the three where no genetic testing is required, may work well in cascade screening Variables: age, total cholesterol, family relative (and degree) with FH Definite, probable, possible, unlikely Emphasis on clinical history and physical exam reduces sensitivity

One seldom discussed consequence of quantum computers and PQC is the move from cryptographic homogeneity to cryptographic heterogeneity, with multiple KEMs and DSAs eventually expected as ongoing standards. We examine the consequences of this change.

References EBio Medicine. 2015 Dec; 2(12): 1888–1904. J Atheroscler. Thromb.2023. Dec 1; 30(12): 1751–1758. Russian Orthodox Voices: https://youtu.be/z_M6YbsmT-I?si=l-U5ZwH90oCBbwAR --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/dr-daniel-j-guerra/support

Plant and structural diversity is key when managing native grasslands for wildlife. Join Drew and Joe as they discuss the process of promoting diversity and heterogeneity in native grasslands by using disturbances like fire and grazing as tools to manage wildlife habitat in native grasslands. Dr. Joe Gerken and Dr. Drew Ricketts are extension specialists and faculty members in the Wildlife and Outdoor Enterprise Management Program at Kansas State University. Find out more about the program at https://hnr.k-state.edu/academics/undergraduate-programs/wildlife-outdoor-management.html  

Plant and structural diversity is key when managing native grasslands for wildlife. Join Drew and Joe as they discuss the process of promoting diversity and heterogeneity in native grasslands by using disturbances like fire and grazing as tools to manage wildlife habitat in native grasslands. Dr. Joe Gerken and Dr. Drew Ricketts are extension specialists and faculty members in the Wildlife and Outdoor Enterprise Management Program at Kansas State University. Find out more about the program at https://hnr.k-state.edu/academics/undergraduate-programs/wildlife-outdoor-management.html  

On this week's Education Gadfly Show podcast, Joshua Dunn, Executive Director of the Institute of American Civics at the University of Tennessee, joins Mike and David to discuss how public schools will be affected by the end of the Chevron deference—the judicial doctrine in which courts defer to federal agencies' reasonable interpretations of ambiguous statutes. Then, on the Research Minute, Amber examines a new paper criticizing the famous STAR class size study.Recommended content: “Fishing for rules” —Joshua Dunn, Education Next“The case for the supreme court to overturn Chevron Deference” —Wall Street Journal“The Chevron deference is desperately needed” —David Martin, Washington PostKarun Adusumilli, Francesco Agostinelli, and Emilio Borghesan, “Heterogeneity and endogenous compliance: Implications for scaling class size interventions,” National Bureau of Economic Research (April 2024).Feedback Welcome: Have ideas for improving our podcast? Send them to Daniel Buck at dbuck@fordhaminstitute.org.

Guest Olivier Gevaert is an expert in multi-modal biomedical data modeling and recently developed new methods in the new science of “spatial transcriptomics” that are able to predict how cancer cells present spatially and will behave in the future. Tumors are not monolithic, he says, but made up of various cell types. Spatial transcriptomics measures cells in the undisturbed organization of the tumor itself and enables a more detailed study of tumors. This new technology can be used to determine what type of cells are present spatially and how each cell influences neighboring cells. It paints a picture of tumor heterogeneity, Gevaert tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering's The Future of Everything podcast.Episode Reference Links:Olivier Gevaert:  Standford ProfileOlivier Gevaert's Research LabThe Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA)Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/XChapters:(00:00:00) Introduction to Olivier GavaertHis work in the advancement of spatial transcriptomics technologies.(00:02:52) The Basics of TranscriptomicsTranscriptomics' significance in identifying active genes in cancer cells and the technological advancements enabling this research.(00:05:34) Heterogeneity and Cell interaction in CancerHeterogeneity within cancer cells and the importance of analyzing the interactions between various cell types to develop treatments.(00:07:19) Advancements in Brain Cancer ResearchRecent studies on brain cancer using spatial omics techniques to understand tumor cell types and their spatial organization for prognosis prediction.(00:10:53) AI and Whole Slide Imaging in OncologyHow AI and machine learning are combined with whole slide imaging to enhance data resolution and interpret spatial transcriptomic data.(00:14:49) Enhancing Pathology with AIIntegrating AI with pathology to improve cancer diagnosis and treatment by analyzing whole slide images and predicting cell types.(00:18:40) Multimodal Data Fusion in Cancer TreatmentImportance of combining different data modalities to create comprehensive models for personalized cancer treatment.(00:24:49) The Future of Synthetic Data and Digital TwinsSynthetic data and digital twins in oncology, and how these technologies can simulate treatment outcomes and support personalized medicine.(00:29:16) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X

Dr. Christopher Pittenger is a Professor of Psychiatry at the Yale School of Medicine and Director of the Yale OCD Research Clinic. In this episode, he discusses the neurobiology, symptomology, and treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), including potential new treatments such as psychedelics, neurofeedback, glutamate modulators, and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). 00:00 Introduction00:41 Why is OCD Underdiagnosed?02:19 Impact of OCD on Individuals03:40 Taboo Nature of OCD Thoughts06:10 Biomarkers08:06 Neurobiology14:20 Serotonin16:48 Heterogeneity of OCD24:00 Glutamate Modulators29:33 Ketamine33:13 Psilocybin38:23 Neurofeedback44:01 Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)47:22 Relationship Between Depression and OCD50:24 Future of OCD TreatmentVisit our website for more insights on psychiatry.Podcast producer: Jon Earle

There is a Lack of Clinical Homogeneity in Lower-Limb Tendinopathy Trials: A Scoping Review Lyng KD, Sørensen LB, Platzer OJ, et al. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2024;54(1):1-10. doi:10.2519/jospt.2023.11722 Due to copyright laws, unless the article is open source we cannot legally post the PDF on the website for the world to download at will. Brought to you by our sponsors at: CSMi – https://www.humacnorm.com/ptinquest Learn more about/Buy Erik's courses – The Science PT Support us on the Patreons! Music for PT Inquest: “The Science of Selling Yourself Short” by Less Than Jake Used by Permission Other Music by Kevin MacLeod – incompetech.com: MidRoll Promo – Mining by Moonlight Koal Challenge – Sam Roux

Summary Dr. Vineet Datta discusses the complexity of cancer and the need for a multiomics approach in oncology. He challenges the traditional approach to oncology and highlights the limitations of current methods. Dr. Datta emphasizes the importance of early detection and the impact of late-stage diagnosis on survival. He also discusses the potential of targeted precision testing and the future of precision medicine. The conversation explores the need for an integrative approach that considers lifestyle factors and preventive healthcare measures. The conversation explores the concept of personalized cancer treatment and the future of oncology care. It discusses the importance of understanding the evolving personality of cancer and using meaningful data to tailor therapies. The conversation also highlights the role of addressing inflammation and supporting patients for better treatment outcomes. Overall, the conversation leaves a sense of optimism for the future of oncology care and the potential to redefine the landscape of cancer treatment. Episode References:  ► Datar Cancer Genetics: https://datarpgx.com/ ► Website: https://www.drnasha.com/ ► Terrain Advocate Program: https://tap.terrain.network/ ► Practitioner Program: https://matc.terrain.network/ ► Find a Doctor: https://my.terrain.network/ ► Dr. Nasha Products: https://www.drnashaapproved.com/ ► The Metabolic Approach to Cancer: https://a.co/d/44kHGOS  ► Podcast: https://metabolicmatters.org/ ► Instagram:   / drnashawinters    Takeaways The complexity of cancer requires a multiomics approach that goes beyond genetics. Late-stage diagnosis significantly impacts survival rates, highlighting the need for early detection strategies. Targeted precision testing and multi-analyte molecular analytical platforms offer potential for personalized treatment approaches. Integrative approaches that consider lifestyle factors and preventive healthcare measures are crucial in improving outcomes. Personalized cancer treatment involves tailoring therapies based on the evolving personality of cancer and meaningful data. Addressing inflammation and supporting patients can lead to better treatment outcomes. The future of oncology care lies in a distinct roadmap for each patient, whether in a preventative, treatment, or maintenance state. The conversation highlights the importance of education and collaboration in implementing personalized cancer treatment. Chapters 00:00 Introduction to Dr. Vineet Datta 02:18 Transition from Clinical Environment to Genomics Enthusiast 05:01 Challenging the Traditional Approach to Oncology 06:22 The Complexity of Cancer and its Origins 10:13 The Importance of Multiomics Approach 14:13 The Limitations of Current Approaches 21:11 Reframing Treatment Failure and Clinical Trials 23:56 Late Stage, Non-Responsive Refractory Cancers 28:03 Late Detection and Impact on Survival 29:32 Impact of Failed Treatments on Successive Cycles 31:23 Understanding the Complexity and Heterogeneity of Cancer 36:04 Targeted Precision Testing and Multi-Analyte Molecular Analytical Platform 45:42 The Future of Precision Medicine and Integrative Approaches 52:53 Personalized Cancer Treatment 53:40 The Future of Oncology Care

References Dr Guerra-notes Schubert. F. 1815 (late March-Early April. Stringt Quartet No. 9 in G minor (D.173) https://youtu.be/piIet7QVLGA?si=FcY0VUUXRPPekKs1 --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/dr-daniel-j-guerra/message Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/dr-daniel-j-guerra/support

Recorded on Nov 29, 2023 in Cambridge, UK. Video version available on YouTube Should we continue to ask why? Alicia's machine learning journey began with... causal machine learning. Starting with econometrics, she discovered semi-parametric methods and the Pearlian framework at later stages of her career and incorporated both in her everyday toolkit. She loves to understand why things work, which inspires her to ask "why" not only in the context of treatment effects, but also in the context of general machine learning. Her papers on heterogeneous treatment effect estimators and model evaluation bring unique perspectives to the community. Her recent NeurIPS paper on double descent aims at bridging the gap between statistical learning theory and a counter-intuitive phenomenon of double descent observed in complex machine learning architectures. Ready to dive in? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ About The GuestAlicia Curth is a Machine Learning Researcher and a final year PhD student at The van der Schaar Lab at Cambridge University. Her research is focused on causality, understanding machine learning methods from ground up and personalized medicine. Her works are frequently accepted at best machine learning conferences (she's a true serial NeurIPS author). Connect with Alicia: - Alicia on Twitter/X - Alicia on LinkedIn- Alicia 's web page About The Host Aleksander (Alex) Molak is an independent machine learning researcher, educator, entrepreneur and a best-selling author in the area of causality.Connect with Alex: - Alex on the InternetLinksSee here  for the full list of linksCausal Bandits Team Project Coordinator: Taiba MalikVideo and Audio Editing: Navneet Sharma, Aleksander Molak Causal Bandits PodcastCausal AI || Causal Machine Learning || Causal Inference & DiscoveryWeb: https://causalbanditspodcast.comConnect on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/aleksandermolak/Join Causal Python Weekly: https://causalpython.io The Causal Book: https://amzn.to/3QhsRz4

Everyone knows that every person with autism has their own unique strengths and challenges. Autism is heritable, and there are over 100 genes associated with autism. There are also an unknown number of environmental factors influencing outcome, so the heterogeneity is not necessarily surprising. But why would two people with the same genetic mutation have … Continue reading "Resilience and heterogeneity in ASD"

Why is Parkinson's disease heterogeneity important to research. Dr. Connie Marras met with Dr. Eduardo Fernandez to discuss why understanding the heterogeneity of this disease may help with prevention. 2023 Congress virtual access

Credits: 0.25 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™   CME/CE Information and Claim Credit: https://www.pri-med.com/online-education/podcast/frankly-speaking-cme-341 Overview: Listen in as we review a recent JAMA publication of a randomized controlled trial that quantified the benefits of a targeted approach to prescribing antihypertensive medications. Don't miss this opportunity to keep your management of patients with hypertension up to date. Episode resource links: Sundström J, Lind L, Nawrouzi S, et al. Heterogeneity in blood pressure response to 4 antihypertensive drugs: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. Published April 11, 2023. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.3322 Guest: Robert A. Baldor MD, FAAFP   Music Credit: Richard Onorato

Credits: 0.25 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™   CME/CE Information and Claim Credit: https://www.pri-med.com/online-education/podcast/frankly-speaking-cme-341 Overview: Listen in as we review a recent JAMA publication of a randomized controlled trial that quantified the benefits of a targeted approach to prescribing antihypertensive medications. Don't miss this opportunity to keep your management of patients with hypertension up to date. Episode resource links: Sundström J, Lind L, Nawrouzi S, et al. Heterogeneity in blood pressure response to 4 antihypertensive drugs: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. Published April 11, 2023. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.3322 Guest: Robert A. Baldor MD, FAAFP   Music Credit: Richard Onorato

Reference Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2022)34 (8): 1500–1520 --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/dr-daniel-j-guerra/message Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/dr-daniel-j-guerra/support

Paul A. Northcott, Ph.D., St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, shares his work in multi-omic bulk and single-cell approaches to decipher molecular landscapes and developmental origins of medulloblastoma. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 38889]

Reference Essays Biochem. 2021 Nov; 65(6): 913–925 --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/dr-daniel-j-guerra/message

In this week's episode, we'll learn more about ventricular arrhythmias in sickle cell anemia, discuss the molecular heterogeneity of pediatric monomorphic post–solid organ transplant lymphoproliferative disorders, and uncover the role of the bone marrow microenvironment as a driver of myeloid disorders.

Hey everyone, on today's episode we are talking about a recent JAMA article on Heterogeneity in Blood Pressure Response to various blood pressure medicines and the idea of individualizing antihypertensive algorithms.   https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2803518

Editor's Summary by Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS, Editor in Chief of JAMA, the Journal of the American Medical Association, for the April 11, 2023, issue. Related Content: Audio Highlights

In this episode, Early Career Editor Kevin C. Klatt, PhD, RD speaks with Briana Stephenson, PhD (she/her/hers), an Assistant Professor in the Departments of Biostatistics and the School of Publication about her recent publication, “Racial and ethnic heterogeneity in diets of low-income adult females in the United States: results from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 2011 to 2018” in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Dr Stephenson discusses her research on robust profile clustering as an extension of latent class models to define dietary patterns in population subgroups, focusing in this analysis on low-income female adults to identify racial and ethnic differences in dietary patterns. As Dr Stephenson noted (as of March 2022), she is currently recruiting a postdoc in Statistical Methods in Population Health Disparities research.Be sure to connect with us! Dr Stephenson, @BJKstephenson; AJCN: @AJCNutrition; Dr. Klatt: @kcklatt. Find all of the publications from the American Society for Nutrition (@nutritionorg; @jnutritionorg) at our website: https://nutrition.org/publications/.

Just like no two people are the same, no two strains of mice are the same. Using dozens of different strains of mice with and without a genetic mutation associated with autism called CHD8, researchers at University of Southern California showed great variability in the effect of this mutation on behaviors associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. … Continue reading "Animal models can explain heterogeneity"

In this episode of Fire University, Marcus chats with Dr. Victoria Donovan, Assistant Professor of Forest Management at the University of Florida. Join as they discuss her past research understanding the roles of fire dynamics across plant and animal communities, as well as future research programs to continue understanding how fire shapes communities within spatio-temporal scales. Dr. Victoria Donovan The Donovan Lab victoria.donovan@ufl.edu    Dr. Marcus Lashley  - @DrDisturbance - @ufdeerlab  Enroll now in our free wildland fire course. Available to all! This podcast is supported by listener donations - thank you for being a part of this effort. For more information, follow us on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, YouTube!

In this episode of Fire University, Marcus chats with Dr. Victoria Donovan, Assistant Professor of Forest Management at the University of Florida. Join as they discuss her past research understanding the roles of fire dynamics across plant and animal communities, as well as future research programs to continue understanding how fire shapes communities within spatio-temporal scales. Dr. Victoria Donovan The Donovan Lab victoria.donovan@ufl.edu  Dr. Marcus Lashley  - @DrDisturbance - @ufdeerlab  Enroll now in our free wildland fire course. Available to all! This podcast is supported by listener donations - thank you for being a part of this effort. For more information, follow us on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, YouTube!

Communication is a physical process. It's common sense that sending and receiving intelligible messages takes work…but how much work? The question of the relationship between energy, information, and matter is one of the deepest known to science. There appear to be limits to the rate at which communication between two systems can happen…but the search for a fundamental relationship between speed, error, and energy (among other things) promises insights far deeper than merely whether we can keep making faster internet devices. Strap in (and consider slowing down) for a broad and deep discussion on the bounds within which our entire universe must play…Welcome to COMPLEXITY, the official podcast of the Santa Fe Institute. I'm your host, Michael Garfield, and every other week we'll bring you with us for far-ranging conversations with our worldwide network of rigorous researchers developing new frameworks to explain the deepest mysteries of the universe.This week we speak with SFI Professor David Wolpert and MIT Physics PhD student Farita Tasnim, who have worked together over the last year on pioneering research into the nonlinear dynamics of communication channels. In this episode, we explore the history and ongoing evolution of information theory and coding theory, what the field of stochastic thermodynamics has to do with limits to human knowledge, and the role of noise in collective intelligence.Be sure to check out our extensive show notes with links to all our references at complexity.simplecast.com. If you value our research and communication efforts, please subscribe, rate and review us at Apple Podcasts or Spotify, and consider making a donation — or finding other ways to engage with us, including a handful of open postdoctoral fellowships — at santafe.edu/engage.Lastly, this weekend — October 22nd & 23rd — is the return of our InterPlanetary Festival! Join our YouTube livestream for two full days of panel discussions, keynotes, and bleeding edge multimedia performances focusing   space exploration through the lens of complex systems science. The fun begins at 11 A.M. Mountain Time on Saturday and ends 6 P.M. Mountain Time on Sunday. Everything will be recorded and archived at the stream link in case you can't tune in for the live event. Learn more at interplanetaryfest.org…Thank you for listening!Join our Facebook discussion group to meet like minds and talk about each episode.Podcast theme music by Mitch Mignano.Follow us on social media:Twitter • YouTube • Facebook • Instagram • LinkedInReferenced in this episode:Nonlinear thermodynamics of communication channelsby Farita Tasnim and David Wolpert (forthcoming at arXiv.org)Heterogeneity and Efficiency in the Brainby Vijay BalasubramanianNoisy Deductive Reasoning: How Humans Construct Math, and How Math Constructs Universesby David Wolpert & David KinneyStochastic Mathematical Systemsby David Wolpert & David KinneyTwenty-five years of nanoscale thermodynamicsby Chase P. Broedersz & Pierre RoncerayTen Questions about The Hard Limits of Human Intelligenceby David WolpertWhat can we know about that which we cannot even imagine?by David WolpertCommunication consumes 35 times more energy than computation in the human cortex, but both costs are needed to predict synapse numberby William Levy & Victoria CalvertAn exchange of letters on the role of noise in collective intelligenceby Daniel Kahneman, David Krakauer, Olivier Sibony, Cass Sunstein, David WolpertWhen Slower Is Fasterby Carlos Gershenson & Dirk HelbingAdditional Resources:The stochastic thermodynamics of computationby David WolpertElements of Information Theory, Second Edition (textbook)by Thomas Cover & Joy ThomasComputational Complexity: A Modern Approach (textbook)by Sanjeev Arora & Boaz BarakAn Introduction to Kolmogorov Complexity and Its Applications (textbook)by Ming Li & Paul Vitányi