Podcasts about fort necessity

Along Rte. 40 - the National Road - in Southwestern PA is the town of Farmington, home of George Washington's Fort Necessity. It is now a part of the National Park Service, but are local farmlands haunted by the ghosts of British and French & Indian soldiers? There is new TRUTH BE TOLD content three times each week: tune into the MINUTEMAN REPORT, hosted by Robert Hensley, live on Mondays at 3P PT/6P ET, check out TRUTH BE TOLD TRANSFORMATION hosted by Bonnie Burkert, live on Wednesdays at 3P PT/6P ET, and join Tony Sweet with the original TRUTH BE TOLD on Fridays Live at 3P PT/6P ET! Learn more about TRUTH BE TOLD online at www.truthbetoldparanormal.com Be sure click on our SHOP page to get official TRUTH BE TOLD merchandise! Follow Tony on TikTok @theparanormalclub www.clubparanormal.com

Welcome to the Instant Trivia podcast episode 1250, where we ask the best trivia on the Internet. Round 1. Category: Run For The Border 1: From Peshawar,Pakistan. Afghanistan. 2: From Santiago,Chile. Argentina. 3: Why not from Minot, U.S.A., population 35,000. Canada. 4: From Baghdad,Iraq. Iran. 5: From Mombasa,Kenya. Tanzania. Round 2. Category: Larry King'S Public Figures 1: Tonight, the wooden teeth--fact or fiction? Also, his 1754 Fort Necessity battle loss...Mt. Vernon, hello. George Washington. 2: I'm all shook up about my next guest and the caller is from his hometown...Tupelo, MS., hello?. Elvis Presley. 3: At the bottom of the hour, bet you won't miss my chat with this all time "hit king" of baseball...Cincinnati, hello?. Pete Rose. 4: A special Larry King tonight this "wubbulous" children's author and his thoughts on Rosie starring in his big Broadway show. Dr. Seuss. 5: He was 77 when he returned to space in '98; he talks to us now via satellite from Ohio. John Glenn. Round 3. Category: Blunt Bios Of Brand Mascots 1: A bald housekeeper with a hoop earring and the biceps of a Greek god. Mr. Clean. 2: A bird, once plagued by anger management issues, who never stops quacking about insurance. the AFLAC duck. 3: A giant beverage pitcher with legs who often causes property damage. the Kool-Aid Man. 4: A mustachioed cartoon man, currently lacking a mouth to eat the potato crisps he sells. (the) Pringles (guy) (Julius Pringle). 5: A puffy French creature made of tires who bears an unsettling resemblance to a mummy. the Michelin Man. Round 4. Category: World Of Christmas 1: For 9 days before Christmas, Latin American children try to break open these colorful paper figures containing candy. Pinatas. 2: In the Low Countries, St. Nicholas arrives to deliver presents on a boat from this Iberian country. Spain. 3: In Great Britain, this woman gives a special Christmas Day message on TV. The Queen. 4: Rather than stockings, French children put these in front of the fireplace so "Pere Noel" can fill them with gifts. Shoes. 5: In Sweden the Christmas season begins on December 13, this saint's day. St. Lucia. Round 5. Category: I Need A Hero 1: "Show me a hero", wrote Fitzgerald, "and I will write you" one of these dramas. a tragedy. 2: This mythic Wild West hero invented the lasso, rode a cyclone and married a girl named Slue-Foot Sue. Pecos Bill. 3: Dickens work where you'll find "whether I shall turn out to be the hero of my own life…these pages must show". David Copperfield. 4: Preparing for one more Antarctic journey, this heroic explorer died on the isl. of S. Georgia in 1922 and is buried there. Ernest Shackleton. 5: Raised by animals, Enkidu was a companion of this Sumerian hero. Gilgamesh. Thanks for listening! Come back tomorrow for more exciting trivia!Special thanks to https://blog.feedspot.com/trivia_podcasts/ AI Voices used

This episode we look at the reign of Tamura, aka Jomei Tenno. For references and more, check out https://sengokudaimyo.com/podcast/episode-105   Rough Transcript Welcome to Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  My name is Joshua and this is episode 105: Onsen and Uprisings The general paced back and forth behind the walls of the fortress.  Glancing around, he couldn't help but notice how empty it now seemed.  The palisades were holding, but most of the soldiers had gone, disappearing in the night.  Outside the walls of the fortress, he could hear the Emishi laughing and singing.  They were in good spirits—and why wouldn't they be?  The great army of Yamato sent to chastise them had been routed, and they had besieged them in their fortress, built in these still wild lands of northeastern Honshu, on the edge of an area known to many as Michi no Oku, roughly: the end of the road. And for the general, it looked like this might be the end of the road for him.  His options were limited, and he was clearly outnumbered.  It was beginning to look like his troops had the right idea.  Of course, it meant leaving his wife and other women to fend for themselves, but fear can do a lot to motivate someone.  The general eyed the walls and the trees beyond.  If he could slip past the besieging forces in the darkness, perhaps he could escape.  It wouldn't be the most honorable way out of this situation, but it would at least leave him with his head.  And so, as night fell, he decided to make his move… Greetings everyone, and welcome back!  Before I get into it, a quick shout out an thank you to YamiRaven for supporting us on Patreon, and thanks to Johnny for a supporting us on Ko-Fi.com.  If you'd like to join them, and help us keep this thing going, we'll have more info at the end of the episode. Speaking of: This episode we are going to be talking about events during the reign of Prince Tamura, also known as Okinaga Tarashi-hi Hiro-nuka, or by the name given to him by the 8th century chroniclers: Jomei Tennou.  As we discussed back in episode 103, Prince Tamura came to power in an interesting turn of fate.  The grandson of Nunakura Futodamashiki, aka Bidatsu Tenno, his father, Prince Hikobito no Ohoye was killed during the tumultuous period following Nunakura's death.  After several short-lived reigns, it was Kashikiya Hime, wife to Nunakura, who took the throne, known to us as Suiko Tennou. Kashikiya Hime had named an heir, Crown Prince Umayado, aka Shotoku Taishi, but he died before she did and by the time that Kashikiya Hime passed away, there was nobody clearly set up to take the throne, though two candidates did stand out.  There was Prince Yamashiro no Ohoye, the son of Crown Prince Umayado, whom a strict lineal succession might seem to indicate was next up to inherit, but Yamato inheritance tradition was not so cut and dried.  Soga no Emishi, the son of Soga no Umako, the powerful Oho-omi who helped run the government during Kashikiya Hime's reign, campaigned to put Prince Tamura on the throne, rather than Yamashiro no Ohoye, despite—or perhaps because of—the fact that Yamashiro no Ohoye was actually a close relative to Emishi. Now Prince Tamura was on the throne and Soga no Emishi was the Oho-omi, taking his father's place. And yet, despite the chaotic start to the reign in 629, the majority of it was almost tame and nondescript.  Don't get me wrong, Tamura, as I'll keep referring to him, was on the throne for a respectable thirteen years, and during that time there were certainly events that move our narrative forward in many ways.  However, much of the years of his reign are filled with discussions of things like rain storms and celestial phenomena.  In fact, the only thing that apparently happened in all of 634 was that they saw a comet in the sky.  The year before that, in 633, the only entry was the return of envoys from the Tang.  For two years, then, there is hardly a mention of politics and anything else going on.  And yet, this is a period that would set the stage for what was coming next. Shortly after Tamura was appointed sovereign, he appointed his consort, Princess Takara, as his queen.  Takara was, herself, a great-great grand-daughter of Nunakura Futodamashiki, a granddaughter of Prince Hikobito and daughter of Prince Chinu—presumably niece to Tamura, then, which is basically par for the course.  She was also a royal descendant on her mother's side, tracing back to Nunakura's father, Ame Kuniyoshi, aka Kinmei Tennou.  In fact, her mother, Kibitsu Hime, is said to have been buried in her own kofun at the head of Ame Kuniyoshi's kofun—and today it is the site of the 7th century saruishi figures that I mentioned in the talk about traveling around Asuka. Takara would give birth to three children of note.  The first was her eldest son, Prince Katsuraki, who would, spoiler alert, later be known as Crown Prince Naka no Ohoye.  He was around three years old when his father took the throne.  He had a sister by Takara, named Hashibito, and a brother, whose name you may have heard me mention previously:  Oho-ama. Yes, Naka no Ohoye and Oho-ama are the future sovereigns Tenji and Temmu, but for now they are still relatively young.  In fact, Oho-ama wouldn't be born until several years into his father's reign, in 631. Some of the early events of the reign were carryover from Kashikiya Hime's time on the throne.  In 629, for instance, Tanabe no Muraji went to Yakushima, returning the following year, and with people coming to Yamato from Yakushima the year after that. There were also a fair number of foreign embassies, including an Embassy from Goguryeo and Baekje.  These may have been missions of condolences and congratulations—typical international diplomacy at the time when a neighboring ruler passed away and a new one ascended the throne, it would seem.  They arrived in the third month of 630 and departed in the 9th month of that same year—a 6 month visit, all told. We also have the first actual account of ambassadors sent off to the Tang dynasty: Inugami no Mitasuki and Yakushi no E'nichi, each of Dainin rank.  These are some of the first true kentoushi, or Ambassadors to the Tang court, that were sent, but over time their influence would be felt across Yamato and the archipelago. These ambassadors—or at least Mitasuki—would return in 632 with a Tang ambassador, Gao Biaoren, along with student-priests Ryou'un and Soumin, as well as Suguri no Torikahi.  Perhaps most tellingly, they would arrive with Silla escort envoys, which would seem to indicate that passage to the Tang court was not done without Silla's assistance.  As you may recall, Silla had entered into a nominal alliance with the Tang against Goguryeo.  The Tang Ambassadors eventually reached Naniwa, where they were met with boats decked out with drums, flutes, and flags, and where they exchanged formal greetings before being escorted into the official residence.  The Nihon Shoki takes pains to note the different individuals involved in the duties, from the initial greeting, guiding them to the residence, and then preparing them in the residence, along with a welcome drink of sake brewed on temple rice land. And then, three months later, they depart once more.  Nothing else is said of their visit. Meanwhile, in the time between when Mitasuki went to the Tang court and when he returned with Gao Biaoren and company, a few things had happened.  For one we get a note about Tamura moving to a new palace complex known as Okamoto no miya, supposedly at the foot of Asuka hill, hence the name, which means “foot of the hill”.  This would not have been much of a change from Kashikiya Hime's palace, still within the sacred area defined by the Soga temple of Asukadera as well as various other temples being stood up in that area as well.  A move was to be expected, though in this case it is interesting that he didn't go very far. There is also mention, still in 630, of the repairing the official residences in Naniwa where ambassadors from the continent would be quartered during their trips to Yamato 631 opens with something of a treat – so it would seem, anyway.  We are told that in the third month of Tamura's third year on the throne, Prince Pung—named Pungjang in the Chronicles—was sent to the Yamato court by his father, King Wicha of Baekje.  On the one hand, the Korean sources do agree that Prince Pung was, indeed, sent to Yamato, where he would live as a guest and diplomatic hostage.  We've talked about this practice in the past, which seems to have strengthened bonds between nations, although we rarely hear of Yamato returning the favor by sending hostages to the continent.  It may have also helped keep a potential heir out of harm's way in case of a coup or other such politics.  Several times, heirs returned to Baekje to be enthroned with Yamato assistance, if the Chronicles are to be believed. Except that this entry is probably not quite right.  You see, Wicha wouldn't even come to the throne until 641—he wasn't even made Crown Prince until 632—so why would he send his son as a diplomatic hostage in 631?  Johnathan Best, translating the Baekje records of the Samguk Sagi, suggests that perhaps the Chroniclers were off by a factor of 10 or 12 years.  You see, as we mentioned earlier, the East Asian calendrical system was based on a series of ten stems and twelve branches.  The stems represented the elemental forces, and the branches were identified with the twelve signs of the zodiac.  Incrementing each one each year led to a series of 60 years before it started repeating, and based on the way that the records for this reign are dated, it looks like the records the Chroniclers were drawing from used this system for their dates.  However, if you misread—or even miswrite—one of these characters it can change your date by ten or even twelve years.  It would make much more sense for Prince Pung to have arrived twelve years later, in 643.  Similarly, we find other records, particularly having to do with Baekje, which may be a bit jumbled, possibly indicating they came from a similar source that either had things in the wrong chronological order or was simply vague or poorly scribed so that the Chroniclers had to figure out exactly what was happening when—which they may have made mistakes with, from time to time. So Prince Pung arriving as a hostage is probably misplaced, and likely didn't happen during Tamura's reign.  Which means that other than people from Yakushima showing up in 631 the only other major event of the year was Tamura going to the hot springs of Arima, in Settsu, where he stayed for about three months. Now I know I've mentioned hot springs, or onsen, before in the narrative.  After all, the volcanic islands that make up the Japanese archipelago are full of them, and it isn't like they were suddenly discovered during this reign, but it does look like this might be the first formal mention of them in the Nihon Shoki—which gives Arima, in the mountains north of Kobe, some serious bona fides to be considered the oldest known hot spring town in Japan. And that would be a cool side note in most reigns, but for Tamura it seems to have been a habit.  He apparently went for a dip at least three times in his reign—the second time, in 638, he apparently went to the “Arima no Miya”, or the Arima Palace, which suggests that he had something built specifically for his visits.  And then, in 639, he headed to the hot springs in Iyo. The country of Iyo is better known today as Ehime prefecture, on the western edge of the island of Shikoku.  The largest city in Ehime is Matsuyama, home to the famous Dougou Onsen, which also lays a claim to being the oldest operating hot springs in the archipelago.  Dougou Onsen is not only the traditional place in Iyo where Tamura, aka Jomei Tennou, took the waters, as they might say in the west, but in the Iyo Fudoki it is said that its fame goes back even further.  As we mentioned back in Chapter 18, it is said that the legendary figures Ohonamuchi and Sukuna Bikona met there, back in ancient times.  In more recent times, relatively speaking, Dougou Onsen was the inspiration behind the fantastical bathhouse created by Hayao Miyazaki in the Studio Ghibli film, Spirited Away. For all that these visits to the hot springs are somewhat interesting, they don't exactly tell us a lot about what was happening with government, and in fact tend to make it seem almost as though Tamura was skipping out, at least in the fall to early winter.  And to be honest, can you blame him?  Winter is one of the best times to go take advantage of the volcanic springs. Many of the other records appear to be natural phenomena, mostly having to do with the heavens: rain, storms, lightning, and more.  Some of the more intriguing are comets—stars with “long tails” that appeared in the skies.  There are also mentions of eclipse and what may have been a meteor—a star in 636 “floated east to west, with a noise like thunder.”  The Priest Soumin, from the Tang, said it was the sound of the Celestial Dog, a creature from the ancient Han or possibly pre-Qin text, the Classic of Mountains and Seas, a fantastical account of mythical geography and various animals, including the nine tailed fox and the celestial dog, whose bark was said to be like Thunder.  This book was considered to be a true account up through the Tang dynasty. One could probably track the celestial phenomena and see if there is any correlation with known sightings, but it is also just as likely that some of it was taken from continental records and inserted into the Chronicles as appropriate. Besides such phenomena, there were accounts of more missions, especially from Baekje.  Yamato was still using the cap rank system attributed to Prince Umayado during Kashikiya Hime's reign, and some of the envoys were given cap rank, or granted a promotion—a gesture that was likely pure diplomacy, as the rank wouldn't necessarily convey any special rights back in their home country. There are a few more things of note.  First, in 636, we are told that all those who had affairs with the uneme at court were put on trial and punished—which likely means they were put to death.  The uneme, as you may recall, were women sent to serve at the court, and as such they were apparently off-limits, at least while they were serving.  That clearly didn't stop people from having some late night escapades, though. The main reason it likely comes up, though, is that we are told that one of the accused was a man named Miwa no Kimi no Osazaki, and that he took his own life by stabbing himself in the throat because the examination—by which I'm sure they meant torture—was too much to bear.  And here I have to wonder how similar Yamato's sense of justice was to that of their neighbor, the Tang dynasty.  In the case of the latter, there was often a suspicion that any person accused of a crime must be guilty of at least something—after all, why would they have been accused if they didn't do something to upset the peace, even if it was just that they didn't get along with their neighbors.  It was considered de rigeur to submit suspected criminals to torturous ordeals with the idea that this would elicit a confession.  Unfortunately, this idea that harsh and torturous examinations can be used to uncover the truth often still persists, despite evidence that, under enough duress, most people will say anything.   In this case, it drove Osazaki to take his own life. Later in that same year, the Okamoto palace caught fire and burned down, and so Tamura moved to a new palace, called the Tanaka palace, or the Palace in the Middle of the Rice Fields.  We also have a little more court action, as Prince Ohomata, a son of Nunakura Futodamashiki by one of his consorts, reached out to Soga no Emishi—called in this record the Toyoura no Oho-omi, likely because his mansion was in or near Toyoura, in Asuka. Prince Ohomata suggested to Soga no Emishi that the ministers had not been attending court properly.  He suggested that they should be there by roughly 5 or 6 AM—an hour before daybreak—and they should stay until 10 or 11 AM.  Specifically he mentioned the hour of the hare and the hour of the serpent, as each ancient hour was actually two, with twelve hours making up the day, each named for one of the twelve signs of the Asian zodiac. To enforce all of this, Ohomata also recommended having a bell rung that would let people know that it was time to start or end work.  This was all common practice in the continental courts of the day, and it wasn't like they were asking for a modern 40 hour work week, even:  the court ministers would literally be serving for maybe 5 to 6 hours at court, with the rest of the time to handle their own affairs.  Still, Soga no Emishi apparently didn't think much of the idea and so was not inclined to support it. All of this is kind of an odd mention.  First, Ohomata is an obscure Prince—he's only mentioned three times in the Chronicles, and once just in a list of Nunakura's children.  Second, the idea doesn't go anywhere.  Third, they don't call Soga no Emishi by the name they used in both the previous or the next reign, but use Toyora no Ohoomi, for whatever reason.  It just sticks out as odd, and I wonder if it was added to show that Soga no Emishi was resistant to change and new ideas. At the same time, it does give us a clue that Soga no Emishi was still running things.  His name may not have been on a lot, but then again, neither was Tamura's, so we can only infer what was actually going on during this period.  It's  almost a lacuna in the history. There were a few other events worth noting, however, one of which took more than a bit of the Chroniclers' ink, and this was a rebellion by the Emishi people. First off, because it can be confusing:  There is no apparent link between Soga no Emishi and the Emishi people that I'm aware of.  Emishi, of course, is the name given to the people living outside of the Yamato cultural sphere in the northeast, from modern Ibaraki prefecture north.  They were apparently expected to pay tribute at court, and are clearly treated differently from other outside groups, like Baekje and Silla.  Some of them were likely members of the groups that had lived in the region since the Jomon period, who never fully adopted the Yayoi and later Kofun lifeways, and they may be related to the Ainu people who still live in modern Hokkaido, though there is also evidence that some of the Emishi may have been ethnic Wa people who had gone to live outside the Yamato court's reach—though that is more evident in later centuries than in the current narrative. I would also note that “Emishi” is an exonym—that is a name given by outsiders, in this case, by the Wa people of Yamato.  In fact, other than what we can see in the archaeological record, what we know of the Emishi comes from Yamato sources, which are almost entirely biased.  We don't really have any good telling of their story from their own perspective.  For instance,did they feel oppressed by Yamato in general, and not think they should have to keep bringing tribute?  Or was there a more specific event that occurred, much like the conflicts we see later between the Wajin, the ethnic Japanese, and the Ainu up in Hokkaido? It is unclear. To subdue the Emishi, and bring them back under Yamato hegemony, the court appointed Kamitsukeno no Kimi no Katana, a courtier of Dainin cap rank, as general. Spoiler alert: he's the general in the story at the beginning of this episode.  Based on his name, it would seem he was from the family in charge of Kamitsukenu, later shortened to Kozuke Province in modern Gunma prefecture, north of Tokyo.  As such, he would have been well positioned to know something of the Emishi on his border.  That said, he apparently didn't know them so well that it gave him an advantage.  His forces were routed and they retreated back to their fortress, where they were besieged by the Emishi. Now when I say “fortress” please don't picture some grand castle, like Himeji, Azuchi, or Matsumoto.  In fact, don't really picture a castle at all.  More likely than not, this was simply an area enclosed by a wall—possibly some earthworks and maybe a moat, but perhaps just a quickly erected palisade structure.  True castle structures wouldn't come until later.  For those familiar with American history, this may have been something like the fort at Jamestown or even the quickly assembled and ill-fated Fort Necessity—though perhaps a little larger if it was capable of housing the forces and the noncombatants that had accompanied them. And so, when some of Katana's soldiers decided they didn't really want to be there any longer they apparently just up and left.  Presumably they found a time when nobody was looking and just yeeted themselves over the walls and did their best to hide from the surrounding Emishi forces.  Pretty soon just about all of the able-bodied soldiers had taken this approach, and Katana was thinking about joining them.  In fact, he was getting ready to when his own wife noticed what he was doing. That's right, his wife was there with him.  Whether she was a combatant or simply part of the train it isn't entirely clear, but she wasn't going to have her husband run off and abandon his post.  She poured out sake for him to drink and as he did so, she took his sword and girded it to herself.  She then went and found all of the bows and handed them out to all of the other women and people who had been left behind when the soldiers deserted, and they started pulling the bowstrings back and making a sound like they were being shot. Upon seeing this, Katana roused himself, grabbed a weapon himself, and advanced out of the fortress. The besieging Emishi were not sure what to make of this.  They could hear the twang of bows, and it sounded as though there was quite a force, so as general Katana stepped out of the fortress they pulled back, thinking that there was a much bigger force than he actually had.  As they did that, some of Katana's own forces, who had escaped, but not too far, started to gain hope.  They regrouped and attacked the Emishi with fresh energy, eventually defeating them. Of course, Katana's wife remains nameless throughout this whole episode, even though she was the one who helped turn the tide—first by turning her husband, but then by organizing the others to make it seem like they had a lot more people than they did. After this fascinating story, the Chronicles getback to the normal records of storms, of fruit trees blossoming, of hot springs, and tribute.  It wasn't until two years later, in 639, that we get something interesting that we might easily overlook.  This was the start of a new temple on the banks of the Kudara River, known to us as Kudara dera, or Kudara Temple. Kudara Temple is definitely a bit of an enigma.  It is mentioned quite heavily in later records, and yet it would eventually disappear without a trace, or so it seemed.  It wasn't until modern times that archaeologists identified a temple that we believe is Kudara dera.  We are told that it had a nine-story pagoda, which may reflect ideas from Tang or Silla practice—somewhat ironic given that “Kudara” is a name used to refer to Baekje.  In this case, the name seems to have come from the Kudara River, on whose banks the temple was built.  From the 80s through the 2000s there were a series of excavations at the site of Kibi Pond north of Asuka, closer to the center of Sakurai.  Here a temple was found, which we believe to be the site of Kudara dera.  The pond itself was dug at a later point in time, on the site of the temple, which was likely moved.  Today, there is a small Kudara temple to the northwest of the old site, but it isn't nearly as grand as it once was. By all accounts, the construction of Kudara temple took years, in contrast to the building of royal palaces, which went up relatively quickly.  This is because the palaces, for all of their size, were still being made using largely local construction methods.  Posts were placed directly into the ground and the roofs were thatched.  Being made of wood, these buildings went up relatively quickly, which was good seeing as how every reign the sovereign and court would move to a new palace.  Of course, I also wonder if the tradition of moving didn't come from the fact that the palace would likely have started rotting away on its own after a while.  Then again, even in a single reign you might change palaces multiple times, as Tamura did. In contrast, we have temple construction from the mainland.  Here, rocks were set down, and the posts were placed on those, which gave a firm foundation and prevented water from easily getting in and ruining the base of the pillar.  Packed earth and stone construction were used in places, along with heavy tile roofs, for which thousands of rooftiles had to be constructed.  Centuries of architectural knowledge were used to design and create structures that were meant to outlast any patrons who helped to build them. Add on to that the nine story pagoda.  If you consider that the beautiful and imposing tenshukaku, or main keep, of Himeji castle, built in the early 17th century, is six stories and rises over 46 meters, or about 152 feet, this pagoda may have been about the same height or even a bit higher, assuming that relative proportions were similar to those in other pagodas from the time, such as that of Yakushiji.  It must have been a towering beacon at the time, and the temple is considered one of the four great temples of the Asuka era, at least by some. That this temple was commissioned by Tamura and not by Soga no Emishi is something that may indicate some unspoken tensions at the time.   Tamura's previous palaces were in Asuka, near Asuka temple, the chief temple of the Soga family, and situated in a Soga stronghold.  Kudara temple was built significantly outside of this area, though still within walking distance, so not so far as to be a complete move—it isn't like he moved it up to lake Biwa or anything, wink wink. In 640, Tamura returned from his trip to the hot springs in Iyo—again, modern Ehime prefecture—and came back to a new palace at Umayazaka, but just six months later he moved into the Kudara palace, which was presumably nearby Kudara temple, effectively moving the court out of—or at least to the periphery of—Soga controlled territory. Unfortunately, his stay at Kudara palace would only last about a year, as he passed away there in the 10th month of 641.  He was roughly 48 years old.  His son, and heir apparent, Prince Hirakasuwake, aka Naka no Oe, pronounced the funeral elegy. And just like that, the throne was vacant again.  There was an heir apparent, but Naka no Oe was only 16 years old, and so his mother, Takara, would take the throne, presumably until he was ready.  She would be known as Ame Toyo Takara Ikashi-hi Tarashi Hime, aka Kougyoku Tennou, and her reign was anything but quiet.  To give some context: if we had a little over 50 or so events recorded during the 13 years that Tamura was on the throne, while we have over 60 events recorded in just the first year of Takara's reign.   So, you know, there's that. But I'm going to have to ask you to wait a little bit for us to dig into that.  For one thing, the politics are going to start getting hot and heavy, as anyone who may recognize the name “Naka no Oe” likely knows.  As this young prince was coming into his own he was going to come face to face with the power of the Soga family.  All that, starting next episode. Until then, thank you for listening and for all of your support. If you like what we are doing, tell your friends and feel free to rate us wherever you listen to podcasts.  If you feel the need to do more, and want to help us keep this going, we have information about how you can donate on Patreon or through our KoFi site, ko-fi.com/sengokudaimyo, or find the links over at our main website, SengokuDaimyo.com/Podcast, where we will have some more discussion on topics from this episode. Also, feel free to Tweet at us at @SengokuPodcast, or reach out to our Sengoku Daimyo Facebook page.  You can also email us at the.sengoku.daimyo@gmail.com.  Thank you, also, to Ellen for her work editing the podcast. And that's all for now.  Thank you again, and I'll see you next episode on Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.

The team is back doing what we do best--killing US presidents and changing history.  Join Chris and Eric R. as George Washington's demise at Fort Necessity is pondered again, leading to alternative paths, including a presidency for Benedict Arnold.You can follow and interact with A Fork In Time on….Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/aforkintimeTwitter: @AFITPodcastDiscord: https://discord.com/invite/xhZEmZMKFSPinterest: www.pinterest.com/aforkintimeOur YouTube ChannelIf you enjoy the podcast and want to support it financially, you can help by:Supporting us monthly via Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/aforkintime....or, make a one-time donation via Podfan to A Fork In Time or The Room Where It HappenedWebsite: www.aforkintimepodcast.comE-Mail: aforkintimepodcast@gmail.comDirect Link to Listener Survey: https://www.aforkintimepodcast.com/listenersurveyJoin Us for Online Diplomacy PlayInformation on our WebsiteCheck Out The Room Where It Happened, our other podcast where the focus is on "real" history:https://www.aforkintimepodcast.com/theroomwhereithappenedTheme Music: Conquer by Shane Ivers - https://www.silvermansound.comSupport the show

We continue the events in the Ohio Valley,  covering the defeat of Lt colonel Washington at Fort Necessity  

Welcome to the Instant Trivia podcast episode 919, where we ask the best trivia on the Internet. Round 1. Category: an "f" in history 1: John Glenn's capsule on his famous 1962 flight was called this, which an old saying called the "best ship". Friendship. 2: From 1788 to 1790 Russia and Sweden fought over this country. Finland. 3: This 13th president's wife Abigail loved books and began a library at the White House around 1850. (Millard) Fillmore. 4: In 1918 Woodrow Wilson proposed this numbered set of principles, one being the removal of trade barriers between nations. the Fourteen Points. 5: On July 3, 1754 Fort Necessity was surrendered in one of the first battles in this 9-year war. the French and Indian War. Round 2. Category: toys and games 1: Miss Scarlet and Professor Plum are suspects in this classic whodunit game. Clue. 2: This plump doll with a top knot got its name from a pet form of "Cupid". Kewpie. 3: Because of an allergy alert, one ingredient of this soft modeling compound that's not a secret is wheat. Play-Doh. 4: When this brand was introduced in 1970, it was billed as the "first official indoor ball". Nerf. 5: At the 1939 World's Fair, the Sawyer family introduced this stereo slide scope that gives 3-D views. the View-Master. Round 3. Category: half a nice day 1: If you're a half pint, you've got this many ounces. 8. 2: In 2003 AMD introduced its 64-this chip; that's a lot of personal computing power and beats the standard 32. bit. 3: On the menu, "on the half shell" usually refers to a way of serving these, raw or Rockefeller. oysters. 4: If something is 50% gold, it has this many karats. 12. 5: We guess it would take 2 of this rapper's "Get Rich or Die Trying" CDs to equal 1 Buck Owens. 50 Cent. Round 4. Category: international shopping 1: It's illegal to buy goods with foreign currency in this Asian country. Red China. 2: The Witches' Market in this Bolivian capital has been called a "glorious adventure" for children. La Paz. 3: The duty-free shop of this Irish airport is 1 of the most famous in Europe. Shannon Airport. 4: Brussels and Bruges are world famous for making this fabric which the Belgians call "dentelles". lace. 5: (Video Daily Double)Among the most popular Russian souvenirs are wooden matryoshka dolls, which have this unique feature:. they fit within each other. Round 5. Category: corn-ucopia 1: The name of this brand of corn chips means "fried" in Spanish. Fritos. 2: This man who died in 1995 made the first significant genetic improvement in popcorn in more than 5,000 years. Orville Redenbacher. 3: Meat and vegetables are cooked with a masa dough and wrapped in a corn husk to make this Mexican dish. tamales. 4: These threadlike fibers that grow beneath the husk are used in herbal medicines and tea. corn silk. 5: Home to the Missouri Meerschaum Co., Washington, Missouri is hailed as this "capital of the world". corn pipe. Thanks for listening! Come back tomorrow for more exciting trivia! Special thanks to https://blog.feedspot.com/trivia_podcasts/

Photo: No known restrictions on publication. CBS Eye on the World with John Batchelor CBS Audio Network @Batchelorshow #Keystone: George Washington at Fort Necessity (Fayette County) in 1754. SalenaZito.com https://www.post-gazette.com/opinion/insight/2022/07/03/remembering-another-july-4th-fort-necessity-george-

George Washington takes his first steps on the world stage...  And causes an international incident.    Join us on social media!   Twitter: https://twitter.com/ushistpodcast Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/USPoliticalpodcast/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/uspoliticalpodcast/ Website: http://www.uspoliticalpodcast.com Bibliography: http://www.uspoliticalpodcast.com/bibliography/

My youngest and I set out on a road trip - first stop Fort Necessity - George Washington's First battle and only surrender and the start of the French and Indian War.  I share some of the history and context of the battle and our stop there on the way to Antietam.

This guy showing us how an old timey musket works at Fort Necessity

Photo: Lieutenant Colonel Washington holds night council at Fort Necessity.CBS Eye on the World with John BatchelorCBS Audio Network@Batchelorshow6/8: The Indispensables: The Diverse Soldier-Mariners Who Shaped the Country, Formed the Navy, and Rowed Washington Across the Delaware. Kindle Edition. by Patrick K. O'Donnell https://www.amazon.com/Indispensables-Diverse-Soldier-Mariners-Washington-Delaware-ebook/dp/B08M12FQ85On the stormy night of August 29, 1776, the Continental Army faced annihilation after losing the Battle of Brooklyn. The British had trapped George Washington's army against the East River, and the fate of the Revolution rested upon the soldier-mariners from Marblehead, Massachusetts. One of the country's first diverse units, they pulled off an “American Dunkirk” and saved the army by navigating the treacherous river to Manhattan.At the right time in the right place, the Marbleheaders, a group of white, black, Hispanic, and Native American soldiers, repeatedly altered the course of events, and their story shines new light on our understanding of the American Revolution. As historian Patrick K. O'Donnell recounts, beginning nearly a decade before the war started, Marbleheaders such as Elbridge Gerry and Azor Orne spearheaded the break with Britain and helped shape the United States through governing, building alliances, seizing British ships, forging critical supply lines, and establishing the origins of the US Navy.The Marblehead Regiment, led by John Glover, became truly indispensable. Marbleheaders battled at Lexington and on Bunker Hill and formed the elite Guard that protected George Washington, foreshadowing today's Secret Service. Then the special operations–like regiment, against all odds, conveyed 2,400 of Washington's men across the ice-filled Delaware River on Christmas night of 1776, delivering the surprise attack on Trenton that changed the course of history . . .The Marbleheaders' story, never fully told before now, makes The Indispensables a vital addition to the literature of the American Revolution.

George Washington,The death of his brother, in the Ohio Valley, The French and Indian War, The Battle of Fort Necessity and Duquesne.

How did, arguably the greatest leader and President in the history of the United States, begin his military career? What lessons can be taken from the story of George Washington and Ft. Necessity? If you like the show, please check out our Official Morning Mindset Merchandise! A daily dose of practical wit and wisdom with a professional educator & trainer, Amazon best selling author, United States Marine, Television, and Radio host, Paul G. Markel.

Richard Lummis and Tom Fox begin a four-part series on leadership lessons from George Washington. We will look at lessons from Washington’s colonial and frontier period, focusing on the French and Indian War, leadership lessons from Washington’s generalship of the Continental Army, his leadership in both the Continental Congress and Constitutional Convention and we will end with leadership lessons from both terms of Washington’s presidency. In this first episode, we consider the leadership lessons learned by Washington in his colonial and frontier period and how his failures during the French and Indian War influenced his later leadership.  Highlights of this podcast include: Introduction into Washington’s early life. Washington’s Ambition and the Battle of Jumonville Glen. Battle of Fort Necessity and Washington’s surrender. Massacre of Braddock’s troops by the Iroquois. What did Washington learn from these experiences? Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

George Washington attacked a French Diplomatic group in 1754 which sparked the 7 Years War. In this episode we talk about that battle and the effect it would have on the young Washington as it led to his first major military blunder at Fort Necessity. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/history-inc/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/history-inc/support

“Our top spot goes to …”This is the story of stories (yeah, super “meta”). You know regular HTDS episodes always start with a cold open. You probably have a favorite. So do we.Today, Greg and Cielle count down their top seven favorite openings, from George Washington’s loss at Fort Necessity to our current point in the Civil War. It’s a peak into the minds behind HTDS, a bit of nostalgia for long-time listeners, and the perfect HTDS introduction for the new initiated. Enjoy, and Happy New Year!

Uniontown, the county seat of Fayette County, PA, has a unique history that makes it a tourism hotspot, including landmarks like Fort Necessity, transportation like the National Road and pop culture like being the birthplace of the Big Mac. This month, we chat with Uniontown guests Pepperberries, Spunky Monkey Fun Center and Crown Antique Mall about shopping small, unique finds in Uniontown mall, indoor family fun and sipping local wines while you shop! Thank you to our awesome sponsors Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine - Seton Hill and Compass Inn Museum & Ligonier Valley Historical Society for making our podcast possible.

On this episode of Battles & Banter, things get crazy! First of all, Avery, Codie & Tony are joined by the one and only Rich Condon of "Civil War Pittsburgh" and "Pennsylvania in the Civil War" to talk about the Battle of Fort Necessity. Not only known for being the first major battle with George Washington in command, Fort Necessity was also the beginning of the first large-scale world war: The Seven Years War, or more locally known as the French & Indian War. Just a disclaimer that this episode will sound a little different because Audacity sucks sometimes and audio issues hit hard. Hence, the entire episode is shot from Rich's perspective, who single handedly saved the podcast from annihilation. It was still a good time and hope you all enjoy the ride. If you don't, sorry not sorry. Cheers!

The first battles of the French and Indian War.

On July 3rd, 1754 George Washington and his men made a stand in the backwoods of the Ohio Country. Surrounded by French soldiers, the young Virginian soon ran out of musket balls and hope. His surrender would become the stuff of legend, and be one of the primary causes of the largest war in world history to that point, the Seven Years' War. Our guests on this episode are Dr. David Preston and Brian Reedy...spared no expense.

In the year 1754, twenty two year old George Washington was on a mission from the Governor of Virginia to enforce the colony's land claim on the area of western Pennsylvania. The French forces had just built Fort Duquesne (modern day Pittsburgh) as a means to solidify their claim to the land. At this time both England and France had started to develop the area. Dur: 15mins File: .mp3

Welcome back to The Emancipation Podcast Station - the place to hear about history researched and retold through the eyes of Middle school and HS students. The Road to Revolution   Seven Years War Blake-The seven years war is truly an interesting war. Many don’t realize that it was actually the first global or world war. As Ricky said the fighting actually began in 1754, however the English didn’t declare war on the French until 1756 so in actuality it is the Seven Years War. The cause of the war is pretty simple the English were obsessed with gaining the most land while the French were interested in the fur trade with the Native Americans. The English failed to gain control of the French fort “Fort  Duquesne” so the English prime minister decided this was a lack of military strength so he funded the military endeavor even more. This was a good idea at the time but later it was the main cause of the Revolutionary war because of the taxation he needed to pay back the debt. Ricky-The seven years war (more accurately the nine year war 1754-1763) is probably known as one of the most world disrupting wars in the 1700s. Guns and weaponry included: Flintlock pistols, black powder rifles, sabres, axes, tomahawks, knives, bows and arrows and basically any other blade they could get their hands on. Fighting  techniques included conventional fighting or basically standing in a line and shoot and get shot. It was stupid, british regulars were usually trained in standing and shooting sand not aiming.   Ben- The english tried to catch the british by surprise in Pennsylvania by trying to capture Fort Duchesne with George Washington leading. But, they failed and had to retreat and establish Fort Necessity, because it was necessary. They tried again with Edward Braddock leading but got slaughtered, and even Edward Braddock died. They  only started winning the war because William Pitt gave them a bunch of money, for resources. But all the money given would later put them in debt. Skylar - The French and Indian war, better known as the 7 years war, but if we’re being realistic here it’s the 9 years war. The war began in 1754, but wasn’t declared until 1756, that’s why it is the 7 years war rather than the 9 years war. It was the first global war. This war started in North American but were in many more countries like Asia, India, and the Philippines. This war ended with france giving up all claims to canada, territories east of the Mississippi, and also spain ceding Florida to Britain. Hunter-The Seven Years War like Ricky said, “it is more accurately the nine year war” it became a global war affecting the British, English, Americans, Philippines, africans, and the war even made it into India. Ethan - England became the dominant empire. It actually lasted 9 years. Also known as the French and Indian War and many more. First global war. The war started because both France, Spain, and Britain wanted the most territory for trading. During this time period George Washington was only just getting to his 20s.   Uproar over the Stamp Act Blake-The Stamp Act was enacted because of the debts left behind from the war. While it was almost unanimously voted on there was one man who thought it was unfair to tax the colonist without their representation in parliament his name was William Pitt. But the Stamp Act was still enacted and it caused major hostility from the colonist. Printers, publishers and lawyers were directly affected by the act and as I said earlier this was one of the main causes of The Revolutionary War. Ricky- the stamp act was an act set in place meant for taxing the colonist because of the seven year war (french and indian war). Squeezing the taxes from the colonists, the british had been getting money to pay the debt from the war. The act taxed all paper/paper goods. As you can imagine, the colonist weren’t going to have any of it especially seeing how each tax payment had to be paid in pounds. 1 british pound is 1.34$ (in today's’ economy) just to add a little perspective.   Ben- The Stamp Act stated that all paper must be purchased from Britain, in Britain’s currency. The currency britain used was very rare at the time, compared to the settlers paper money. Skylar - The Stamp act was made because Britain didn’t spend their money right when they were in the war which put them in deep debt. The prime minister George Greenville authored this act in march of 1765. This act said that all documents, official court documents included, as well as newspapers and basically anything else that has to be printed on paper. This paper came from London and has to be purchased in British hard currency which was very rare. Hunter-The Stamp Act was passed on March 22, 1765, leading to the uproar in the colonies over an issue the was to be the cause of the Revolution: taxation without representation. The controversial act forced the colonists to buy British stamps for every official document they owned. The stamp itself had an image of a Tudor Rose framed by the word “America” and the French phrase “Honi soit qui mal y pense”-- “Shame to him who thinks evil of it”. Ethan-The Stamp Act was a tax that was laid upon all North American printed material. It made it even more difficult since the colonists had to pay for it with british currency. This took a negative toll on the printers, publishers, and mainly anyone that used paper in their job.  It basically marked the beginning of the American Revolution.   The Townshend Acts and the committees of correspondence Blake-Once The Stamp Act was repealed the English needed some way to tax the colonist. So the English passed the Townshend Act which again angered the colonist. The Townshend Act introduced by Charles Townshend was a tax on imports of glass, lead, paint and tea. The Committees of Correspondence was formed so townships could educate people of their rights. Ricky-the townshend acts were a tax for glass, lead, paint, and tea like Blake had mentioned. This was met with protests against the british. But what angered the colonist the most was the “taxation without representation” which was another way to say “we’re being taxed without our permission”. To add to what skylar had to say they made toys out of lead, and they also put lead in paint, and bullets (or pellets) which is why they taxed it. Ben The sort of catch phrase of this whole dispute was “No taxation without representation.” The colonists said that the British did not have the right to tax them because they didn’t have the representation in the legislative body. They thought that only leaders elected by them should be able to tax them. So the british replied with the theory of visual representation, saying that the parliament was honor bound to protect the opinions and interests of the british people and subjects, even the colonists. The people hated it, of course, and denied the British right of taxation, they had many assemblies in New York and Massachusetts but were all dissolved by british governors. Skylar - The townsend acts were passed in 1767 and 1768. They were made to raise revenue for the british empire by taking north american colonies, at least the ones that they owned at the time. Widespread protest were used mostly with merchants in Boston. This act raised taxes on tea, (which led to the “Boston Tea Party”), glass, lead, and paint. I really dont get why they would tax paint and lead though. I mean do people really buy that much paint and lead though?!? I totally get the tea part though because i dont care if there is a high tax. I would die without it. Hunter-Same as Ethan said the Townshend Acts were passed in 1767-1768. But I am gonna add on to the info, the Townshend Acts also renewed a fierce debate over the British Parliament’s right to tax the colonies. In 1772 Boston revolutionary Samuel Adams urged the creation of a Committee of Correspondence to communicate with other colonial assemblies, educate townspeople about their political rights, and to rally opposition to British rule.   Ethan- The Townshend Acts were passed in 1767-1768. They were designed to raise money for the British Parliament.  There were many protests. A Committee of Correspondence was formed to communicate with other assemblies and gather  people to oppose British rule.  They also showed the people their rights. The Boston Tea Party Blake- This Boston Tea Party was the first act of aggression by The Sons of Liberty in response to the unlawful taxation. There are many stories as to what exactly happened the most popular version is The Sons of Liberty dressed as Native Americans and snuck into the Boston harbour in the middle of the night with soot covering their faces and dumped crates of tea all over the harbour. Ricky- the boston tea party was an action against both the taxes implied upon the colonists, and the boston massacre in which five colonists died. Tea back then was like coffee today, some people can’t get enough. So thirty-one hundred and thirty disguised as Indians walked on to docked ships and dumped three hundred forty two crates of tea consisting of black and green teas like Bohea,Congou, Souchong (all black teas), and Singlo, and Hyson (both green teas). Ben- The people got SO upset that 30-130 of them disguised as mohawk indians and boarded multiple ships. Then threw 342 crates of tea overboard, into the ocean. The british did make them pay for it in The Boston Bill, and close down the dock until they did, so it wasn’t without consequence. Skylar - The boston tea party was a rebellious act of some mad “ mohawk indians “ , but we’re really just some mad white people. These people threw over 300 crates of tea into the boston harbor. If were being exact though it was 342 crates. What these people did would cost about 1,700,000 dollars today.   Hunter-This framed act of American colonial defiance served as a protest against taxation. Seeking to boost the troubled east India company, British parliament adjusted import duties with the passage of the tea act in 1773. While consignees in Charleston, New York, and Philadelphia rejected tea shipments, merchants in Boston refused to concede to Patriot pressure. On the night of December 16, 1773, Samuel Adams and the sons of Liberty boarded 3 ships in the Boston harbor and threw 342 chests of tea overboard. This resulted in the passage of the punitive Coercive Act in 1774 and pushed the two sides closer to war.   Ethan- The British Prime Minister suggested the Tea Act, and when he did he completely forgot about the North American colonies.  In the process got a loan from the North of what today would be $270 million.  The North also gave the East India  Company a easy way to sell tea without dispute.   The Intolerable Acts and the First Continental Congress Blake- The Coercive Acts which became The Intolerable Acts consisted of four bills. The Boston Port bill was a fine directed towards Boston to pay for the merchandise damaged. The Government bill gave Massachusetts expanded powers to the governor. The Administration Act of Justice gave the governor the ability to send corrupt government officials to London or other colonies for trial. The Quartering Act was a bill that forced all colonies to provide shelter and food to British troops which meant even making private homes open for them. Ricky- in spring of 1744, the Coercive acts were passed. This act consisted of four bills which set fines toward boston for the boston tea party. The quartering act stated that british soldiers were to be able to stay in someone’s house. The government bill stated that the governor of massachusetts had more power. The administration of justice bill was like the government bill only it authorized the governor to send government officials to other colonies, or to london for trial. Ben- Like many other things britain did in this time period, The Coercive/Intolerable Acts  made the colonial people mad, hence the name “Intolerable.”. The british were trying to isolate the colony of boston but it had the opposite effect and unified them with the other colonies, setting up the First Continental Congress. Skylar - The intolerable Acts were supposed to isolate boston, the seat of the most radical anti-british sentiment, from other countries. The first continental congress didn’t isolate them but instead joining them together. Hunter- The First Continental Congress assembled in Philadelphia at carpenters hall from September 5, 1774 to October 26, 1774. The Congress had been called for in response to the Intolerable Acts (Also known as the Coercive Act) Ethan- The Intolerable Acts consisted of 4 bills.  The Boston Port Bill made boston pay for the destroyed tea and closed the harbor until the dues were paid. The Government Bill made Massachusetts rewrite their Charter which gave much power to the royal governor.  The Quartering Act allowed British troops to be housed wherever and whenever they wanted.   Lexington and Concord Blake- The Battles at Lexington and Concord were the first official altercations between the british and the colonist. Before these fateful battles happened in February of 1775 the British declared Massachusetts as a rebellious state. That April was when it all started the British sent Massachusett governor Thomas Gage to disarm the militia so he 700 British foot soldiers to march to Concord. This prompted the famous Paul Revere to ride through towns letting the townspeople know “The British are coming!”. Revere was warned that the British were making their way to Lexington along with Concord Revere quickly rode to Lexington to warn of the British arrival. When the British arrived at Lexington the militiamen stood strong and the skirmish ensued it is still unknown to this day who fired the first shot. After everything was settled 8 militiamen were dead and only one British soldier was wounded. Ricky-this was the first time the british had clashed against the “continental army” which consisted of several militias. Imagine one night you’re just sleeping, and you hear gunshots outside your room. You grab your musket and run outside. There in organized lines you see redcoat british regulars they shoot. Ben- The interesting thing about it though was that it was these highly trained armed British generals and disciplined soldiers vs. a lot of lowly farmer militiaman with muskets. But, somehow, the colonists still won! This little skirmish was the first step towards the freedom and liberty we now have today. Skylar - In february of the year of 1775, the british parliment declared that the colony if massachutts was being wild, as they said rebelious. The colony was preparing in april of 75 that they were going to declare war on britian, and on the 19th they started [fighting. This was the first military clash of the american revolutionary war. Hunter-The battles of lexington and concord fought on April 19, 1775 kicked off the Revolutionary war (1775-83). Tensions had been building up for years between the residents of the 13 American colonies and the British authorities, particularly in Massachusetts. The  night of april 18, 1775 hundreds of British troops marched from Boston to nearby Concord in order to take an arms cache. Paul Revere and other riders sounded the alarm, the colonial militiamen began mobilizing to intercept the Redcoat column. Ethan- These battles were fought on the 19th of April, 1775 and as Ricky said were the first military clashes of the war. The British ordered that Lieutenant Colonel Francis Smith gather 700 troops and storm reported ammo caches.

Welcome back to The Emancipation Podcast Station - the place to hear about history researched and retold through the eyes of Middle school and HS students. The Road to Revolution   Seven Years War Blake-The seven years war is truly an interesting war. Many don’t realize that it was actually the first global or world war. As Ricky said the fighting actually began in 1754, however the English didn’t declare war on the French until 1756 so in actuality it is the Seven Years War. The cause of the war is pretty simple the English were obsessed with gaining the most land while the French were interested in the fur trade with the Native Americans. The English failed to gain control of the French fort “Fort  Duquesne” so the English prime minister decided this was a lack of military strength so he funded the military endeavor even more. This was a good idea at the time but later it was the main cause of the Revolutionary war because of the taxation he needed to pay back the debt. Ricky-The seven years war (more accurately the nine year war 1754-1763) is probably known as one of the most world disrupting wars in the 1700s. Guns and weaponry included: Flintlock pistols, black powder rifles, sabres, axes, tomahawks, knives, bows and arrows and basically any other blade they could get their hands on. Fighting  techniques included conventional fighting or basically standing in a line and shoot and get shot. It was stupid, british regulars were usually trained in standing and shooting sand not aiming.   Ben- The english tried to catch the british by surprise in Pennsylvania by trying to capture Fort Duchesne with George Washington leading. But, they failed and had to retreat and establish Fort Necessity, because it was necessary. They tried again with Edward Braddock leading but got slaughtered, and even Edward Braddock died. They  only started winning the war because William Pitt gave them a bunch of money, for resources. But all the money given would later put them in debt. Skylar - The French and Indian war, better known as the 7 years war, but if we’re being realistic here it’s the 9 years war. The war began in 1754, but wasn’t declared until 1756, that’s why it is the 7 years war rather than the 9 years war. It was the first global war. This war started in North American but were in many more countries like Asia, India, and the Philippines. This war ended with france giving up all claims to canada, territories east of the Mississippi, and also spain ceding Florida to Britain. Hunter-The Seven Years War like Ricky said, “it is more accurately the nine year war” it became a global war affecting the British, English, Americans, Philippines, africans, and the war even made it into India. Ethan - England became the dominant empire. It actually lasted 9 years. Also known as the French and Indian War and many more. First global war. The war started because both France, Spain, and Britain wanted the most territory for trading. During this time period George Washington was only just getting to his 20s.   Uproar over the Stamp Act Blake-The Stamp Act was enacted because of the debts left behind from the war. While it was almost unanimously voted on there was one man who thought it was unfair to tax the colonist without their representation in parliament his name was William Pitt. But the Stamp Act was still enacted and it caused major hostility from the colonist. Printers, publishers and lawyers were directly affected by the act and as I said earlier this was one of the main causes of The Revolutionary War. Ricky- the stamp act was an act set in place meant for taxing the colonist because of the seven year war (french and indian war). Squeezing the taxes from the colonists, the british had been getting money to pay the debt from the war. The act taxed all paper/paper goods. As you can imagine, the colonist weren’t going to have any of it especially seeing how each tax payment had to be paid in pounds. 1 british pound is 1.34$ (in today's’ economy) just to add a little perspective.   Ben- The Stamp Act stated that all paper must be purchased from Britain, in Britain’s currency. The currency britain used was very rare at the time, compared to the settlers paper money. Skylar - The Stamp act was made because Britain didn’t spend their money right when they were in the war which put them in deep debt. The prime minister George Greenville authored this act in march of 1765. This act said that all documents, official court documents included, as well as newspapers and basically anything else that has to be printed on paper. This paper came from London and has to be purchased in British hard currency which was very rare. Hunter-The Stamp Act was passed on March 22, 1765, leading to the uproar in the colonies over an issue the was to be the cause of the Revolution: taxation without representation. The controversial act forced the colonists to buy British stamps for every official document they owned. The stamp itself had an image of a Tudor Rose framed by the word “America” and the French phrase “Honi soit qui mal y pense”-- “Shame to him who thinks evil of it”. Ethan-The Stamp Act was a tax that was laid upon all North American printed material. It made it even more difficult since the colonists had to pay for it with british currency. This took a negative toll on the printers, publishers, and mainly anyone that used paper in their job.  It basically marked the beginning of the American Revolution.   The Townshend Acts and the committees of correspondence Blake-Once The Stamp Act was repealed the English needed some way to tax the colonist. So the English passed the Townshend Act which again angered the colonist. The Townshend Act introduced by Charles Townshend was a tax on imports of glass, lead, paint and tea. The Committees of Correspondence was formed so townships could educate people of their rights. Ricky-the townshend acts were a tax for glass, lead, paint, and tea like Blake had mentioned. This was met with protests against the british. But what angered the colonist the most was the “taxation without representation” which was another way to say “we’re being taxed without our permission”. To add to what skylar had to say they made toys out of lead, and they also put lead in paint, and bullets (or pellets) which is why they taxed it. Ben The sort of catch phrase of this whole dispute was “No taxation without representation.” The colonists said that the British did not have the right to tax them because they didn’t have the representation in the legislative body. They thought that only leaders elected by them should be able to tax them. So the british replied with the theory of visual representation, saying that the parliament was honor bound to protect the opinions and interests of the british people and subjects, even the colonists. The people hated it, of course, and denied the British right of taxation, they had many assemblies in New York and Massachusetts but were all dissolved by british governors. Skylar - The townsend acts were passed in 1767 and 1768. They were made to raise revenue for the british empire by taking north american colonies, at least the ones that they owned at the time. Widespread protest were used mostly with merchants in Boston. This act raised taxes on tea, (which led to the “Boston Tea Party”), glass, lead, and paint. I really dont get why they would tax paint and lead though. I mean do people really buy that much paint and lead though?!? I totally get the tea part though because i dont care if there is a high tax. I would die without it. Hunter-Same as Ethan said the Townshend Acts were passed in 1767-1768. But I am gonna add on to the info, the Townshend Acts also renewed a fierce debate over the British Parliament’s right to tax the colonies. In 1772 Boston revolutionary Samuel Adams urged the creation of a Committee of Correspondence to communicate with other colonial assemblies, educate townspeople about their political rights, and to rally opposition to British rule.   Ethan- The Townshend Acts were passed in 1767-1768. They were designed to raise money for the British Parliament.  There were many protests. A Committee of Correspondence was formed to communicate with other assemblies and gather  people to oppose British rule.  They also showed the people their rights. The Boston Tea Party Blake- This Boston Tea Party was the first act of aggression by The Sons of Liberty in response to the unlawful taxation. There are many stories as to what exactly happened the most popular version is The Sons of Liberty dressed as Native Americans and snuck into the Boston harbour in the middle of the night with soot covering their faces and dumped crates of tea all over the harbour. Ricky- the boston tea party was an action against both the taxes implied upon the colonists, and the boston massacre in which five colonists died. Tea back then was like coffee today, some people can’t get enough. So thirty-one hundred and thirty disguised as Indians walked on to docked ships and dumped three hundred forty two crates of tea consisting of black and green teas like Bohea,Congou, Souchong (all black teas), and Singlo, and Hyson (both green teas). Ben- The people got SO upset that 30-130 of them disguised as mohawk indians and boarded multiple ships. Then threw 342 crates of tea overboard, into the ocean. The british did make them pay for it in The Boston Bill, and close down the dock until they did, so it wasn’t without consequence. Skylar - The boston tea party was a rebellious act of some mad “ mohawk indians “ , but we’re really just some mad white people. These people threw over 300 crates of tea into the boston harbor. If were being exact though it was 342 crates. What these people did would cost about 1,700,000 dollars today.   Hunter-This framed act of American colonial defiance served as a protest against taxation. Seeking to boost the troubled east India company, British parliament adjusted import duties with the passage of the tea act in 1773. While consignees in Charleston, New York, and Philadelphia rejected tea shipments, merchants in Boston refused to concede to Patriot pressure. On the night of December 16, 1773, Samuel Adams and the sons of Liberty boarded 3 ships in the Boston harbor and threw 342 chests of tea overboard. This resulted in the passage of the punitive Coercive Act in 1774 and pushed the two sides closer to war.   Ethan- The British Prime Minister suggested the Tea Act, and when he did he completely forgot about the North American colonies.  In the process got a loan from the North of what today would be $270 million.  The North also gave the East India  Company a easy way to sell tea without dispute.   The Intolerable Acts and the First Continental Congress Blake- The Coercive Acts which became The Intolerable Acts consisted of four bills. The Boston Port bill was a fine directed towards Boston to pay for the merchandise damaged. The Government bill gave Massachusetts expanded powers to the governor. The Administration Act of Justice gave the governor the ability to send corrupt government officials to London or other colonies for trial. The Quartering Act was a bill that forced all colonies to provide shelter and food to British troops which meant even making private homes open for them. Ricky- in spring of 1744, the Coercive acts were passed. This act consisted of four bills which set fines toward boston for the boston tea party. The quartering act stated that british soldiers were to be able to stay in someone’s house. The government bill stated that the governor of massachusetts had more power. The administration of justice bill was like the government bill only it authorized the governor to send government officials to other colonies, or to london for trial. Ben- Like many other things britain did in this time period, The Coercive/Intolerable Acts  made the colonial people mad, hence the name “Intolerable.”. The british were trying to isolate the colony of boston but it had the opposite effect and unified them with the other colonies, setting up the First Continental Congress. Skylar - The intolerable Acts were supposed to isolate boston, the seat of the most radical anti-british sentiment, from other countries. The first continental congress didn’t isolate them but instead joining them together. Hunter- The First Continental Congress assembled in Philadelphia at carpenters hall from September 5, 1774 to October 26, 1774. The Congress had been called for in response to the Intolerable Acts (Also known as the Coercive Act) Ethan- The Intolerable Acts consisted of 4 bills.  The Boston Port Bill made boston pay for the destroyed tea and closed the harbor until the dues were paid. The Government Bill made Massachusetts rewrite their Charter which gave much power to the royal governor.  The Quartering Act allowed British troops to be housed wherever and whenever they wanted.   Lexington and Concord Blake- The Battles at Lexington and Concord were the first official altercations between the british and the colonist. Before these fateful battles happened in February of 1775 the British declared Massachusetts as a rebellious state. That April was when it all started the British sent Massachusett governor Thomas Gage to disarm the militia so he 700 British foot soldiers to march to Concord. This prompted the famous Paul Revere to ride through towns letting the townspeople know “The British are coming!”. Revere was warned that the British were making their way to Lexington along with Concord Revere quickly rode to Lexington to warn of the British arrival. When the British arrived at Lexington the militiamen stood strong and the skirmish ensued it is still unknown to this day who fired the first shot. After everything was settled 8 militiamen were dead and only one British soldier was wounded. Ricky-this was the first time the british had clashed against the “continental army” which consisted of several militias. Imagine one night you’re just sleeping, and you hear gunshots outside your room. You grab your musket and run outside. There in organized lines you see redcoat british regulars they shoot. Ben- The interesting thing about it though was that it was these highly trained armed British generals and disciplined soldiers vs. a lot of lowly farmer militiaman with muskets. But, somehow, the colonists still won! This little skirmish was the first step towards the freedom and liberty we now have today. Skylar - In february of the year of 1775, the british parliment declared that the colony if massachutts was being wild, as they said rebelious. The colony was preparing in april of 75 that they were going to declare war on britian, and on the 19th they started [fighting. This was the first military clash of the american revolutionary war. Hunter-The battles of lexington and concord fought on April 19, 1775 kicked off the Revolutionary war (1775-83). Tensions had been building up for years between the residents of the 13 American colonies and the British authorities, particularly in Massachusetts. The  night of april 18, 1775 hundreds of British troops marched from Boston to nearby Concord in order to take an arms cache. Paul Revere and other riders sounded the alarm, the colonial militiamen began mobilizing to intercept the Redcoat column. Ethan- These battles were fought on the 19th of April, 1775 and as Ricky said were the first military clashes of the war. The British ordered that Lieutenant Colonel Francis Smith gather 700 troops and storm reported ammo caches.

Virginia sends a young man named George Washington into the Ohio Valley to challenge the French. There, he starts a world war.   For more text, pictures, maps, and sources, please visit my site at AmRevPodcast.Blogspot.com.  

Virginia sends a young man named George Washington into the Ohio Valley to challenge the French. There, he starts a world war.   For more text, pictures, maps, and sources, please visit my site at AmRevPodcast.Blogspot.com.  

A story about a young man who didn't give up.

So, George decided to take a few trips into the woods... SPOILER ALERT... Nothing ends well. This episode we take a deeper look into the bumbles of Fort Necessity and Braddock's Campaign.

The Battle of Fort Necessity stands as one of the most controversial and misunderstood events in the long and tenuous history of North America. A clash of opposing cultures, this firefight in the wilderness defined the future of Colonel George Washington and forever altered the course of three separate empires.

The Amateur Traveler talks to Chris Bogdon who talks to us about his hometown of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. This former steel capital has undergone a renaissance since its steel business went away and Chris tells us some of the reasons to visit this city at the headwaters of the Ohio River. Pittsburgh boasts both historic Fort Pitt and nearby Fort Necessity where George Washington made a name for himself. It is the home to many different ethnic neighborhoods which it celebrates with food and festivals and commemorates in an Immigration Museum in the Carnegie Library of the University of Pittsburgh. The town now hosts students in greater numbers than steelworkers. It is near Frank Lloyd Wright's Fallingwaters and a wine region. Chris also talks about side trips to Bethlehem, PA and Jim Thorpe, PA.

The Amateur Traveler talks to Chris Bogdon who talks to us about his hometown of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. This former steel capital has undergone a renaissance since its steel business went away and Chris tells us some of the reasons to visit this city at the headwaters of the Ohio River. Pittsburgh boasts both historic Fort Pitt and nearby Fort Necessity where George Washington made a name for himself. It is the home to many different ethnic neighborhoods which it celebrates with food and festivals and commemorates in an Immigration Museum in the Carnegie Library of the University of Pittsburgh. The town now hosts students in greater numbers than steelworkers. It is near Frank Lloyd Wright's Fallingwaters and a wine region. Chris also talks about side trips to Bethlehem, PA and Jim Thorpe, PA.

The Amateur Traveler talks to Chris Bogdon who talks to us about his hometown of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. This former steel capital has undergone a renaissance since its steel business went away and Chris tells us some of the reasons to visit this city at the headwaters of the Ohio River. Pittsburgh boasts both historic Fort Pitt and nearby Fort Necessity where George Washington made a name for himself. It is the home to many different ethnic neighborhoods which it celebrates with food and festivals and commemorates in an Immigration Museum in the Carnegie Library of the University of Pittsburgh. The town now hosts students in greater numbers than steelworkers. It is near Frank Lloyd Wright's Fallingwaters and a wine region. Chris also talks about side trips to Bethlehem, PA and Jim Thorpe, PA.