Podcasts about nitinol

Send us a textGeoff Gaw is an experienced mechanical engineer specializing in the medical device industry. With a degree in Mechanical Engineering and minors in Materials Science and Energy Engineering from Cal Poly Pomona, he has held leadership roles at Edwards Lifesciences, Medtronic, and Applied Medical. His expertise spans project management, product and process development, and manufacturing support. He has overseen the development of complex medical devices, scaling teams, and driving operational excellence from early development stages to mass production. Currently, he serves as a Sr. Principal Engineer at Edwards Lifesciences.Aaron Moncur, hostAbout Being An Engineer The Being An Engineer podcast is a repository for industry knowledge and a tool through which engineers learn about and connect with relevant companies, technologies, people resources, and opportunities. We feature successful mechanical engineers and interview engineers who are passionate about their work and who made a great impact on the engineering community. The Being An Engineer podcast is brought to you by Pipeline Design & Engineering. Pipeline partners with medical & other device engineering teams who need turnkey equipment such as cycle test machines, custom test fixtures, automation equipment, assembly jigs, inspection stations and more. You can find us on the web at www.teampipeline.us

In this episode, we delve into Dion's remarkable journey in medical device manufacturing. We explore his wealth of experience and expertise, spanning crucial aspects such as product development, regulatory submissions, and the implementation of various manufacturing technologies.Main Topics:Pneumatic welding process challenges and qualificationsBest practices for developing and optimizing nitinol welding processes  Experience overcoming a tough FDA regulatory hurdlePrinciples for mentorship, failure, and learning in engineeringEvaluating and implementing new technologiesSkills required for today's manufacturing engineersAbout the guest: Dion Lopes is an accomplished engineering leader with a deep track record in the medical device industry. Dion's career highlights include key roles at several top organizations, such as Director of Manufacturing Engineering at Imperative Care, Senior Manager of Manufacturing and Production at Intersect ENT (now part of Medtronic), and various leadership positions at PneumRx and Ortho Clinical Diagnostics. Links:Dion Lopes - LinkedIn About Being An Engineer The Being An Engineer podcast is a repository for industry knowledge and a tool through which engineers learn about and connect with relevant companies, technologies, people resources, and opportunities. We feature successful mechanical engineers and interview engineers who are passionate about their work and who made a great impact on the engineering community. The Being An Engineer podcast is brought to you by Pipeline Design & Engineering. Pipeline partners with medical & other device engineering teams who need turnkey equipment such as cycle test machines, custom test fixtures, automation equipment, assembly jigs, inspection stations and more. You can find us on the web at www.teampipeline.us

In this episode, we're excited to have Jose Maeso, CTO and Co-Founder of Lighteum, joining us to explore the fascinating subject of Nitinol for medical devices, including laser and post-processing. Lighteum is the world's only completely transparent and highly responsive partner in Nitinol component development and manufacturing, serving the medical device market. They pride themselves on being both innovative and collaborative, while offering the fastest turnaround time, industry-wide. Learn more at www.lighteum.com During this episode, we discuss the unique properties that make nitinol an ideal candidate for medical devices, its limitations, and fabrication possibilities. We also compare Nitinol and stainless steel, examining when it's beneficial to use one over the other, and if they can be combined using a laser welding process. Further, we delve into the specifics of laser processing, discussing when it's advantageous to use a femtosecond laser vs. a long-pulsed laser, and how laser processing of nitinol scales from development to production. The discussion also covers post-processing of nitinol, why it's necessary after laser cutting, the methods used, and how certain techniques can enable better bonding of polymeric covers or drug-carrying polymeric coatings to laser-processed stents. Lastly, we discuss trends in the Nitinol space and Lighteum's new stocking program for nitinol tubing. Host/ Producer: Steve Maxson | Innovation & Business Development Manager | US ExtrudersGuest: Jose´ Maeso | CTO & Co-Founder | LighteumAnnouncer: Bill Kramer | President | US ExtrudersEditor/ Original Music: Eric Adair | Marketing Manager | US ExtrudersFor video episodes visit www.us-extruders.com/podcasts

- Julian Dorey Podcast GEAR: https://www.23point5.com/creator/Julian-Dorey-9826?tab=Featured  - Support Our Show on PATREON: https://www.patreon.com/JulianDorey  - Buy “Accidental Truth” Documentary (Apple): https://tv.apple.com/us/movie/accidental-truth-ufo-revelations/umc.cmc.15ruz07i1ubedpn2d2non4fu9  - Buy “Accidental Truth” Documentary (Amazon): https://www.amazon.com/Accidental-Truth-Col-John-Alexander/dp/B0BXX3BV8Q (***TIMESTAMPS in description below) ~ Ron James is a Director & UFO Researcher. His recent Documentary, “Accidental Truth” is available on Apple & Amazon. ***TIMESTAMPS*** 0:00 - UFOs are sighted in specific places 7:33 - Aliens v Humans; Simulation Theory; & Einstein's Theory of Everything 11:28 - Physics “cheating” & Quantum Photosynthesis 16:23 - Ron interviews Nick Pope in Britain; AATIP head, Lue Elizondo, Background 21:29 - Government UFO Secret Keepers 25:54 - MJ-12 & UFOs; Secrets start at Roswell 30:19 - Aliens already here? Col. John Alexander & gov UAP study Programs 36:11 - The Blue Room at Wright Patterson Air Force Base 41:30 - Congressman Tim Burchett's work on UFOs; Rep. Andre Carson & MUFON 47:10 - Are private citizens like Robert Bigelow government people? 50:39 - Project Blue Book; Who is “read in”? 55:11 - Robert Bigelow background & role in AATIP 1:01:51 - Trying to figure out who still works for government in UFO field 1:09:06 - Christopher Mellon; Governor Bill Richardson has gone dark on UFOs 1:10:51 - Nitinol & Metamaterials; Hidde Materials 1:17:39 - DARPA & Metamaterials 1:28:39 - The Devil's Deal with UFO Intelligence 1:35:58 - American-Centrism & Alien Phenomenon; Men in Black 1:42:43 - Lue Elizondo's Bulletproof Vest 1:47:19 - To Delonge & “To the Stars” Intelligence UFO Program 1:53:39 - Humankind ready for aliens and UFOs?; Lue Elizondo's people pressure Ron 1:58:47 - Ron's surveillance while making “Accidental Truth” 2:01:35 - Ron loses contact with Lue Elizondo 2:10:58 - “New” Money and UFOs; Mellon and Elizondo credibility 2:18:32 - Space Exploration interest decreased for years post-Moon Landing 2:20:42 - Dr. Garry Nolan's work on metamaterials 2:27:43 - Havana Syndrome 2:31:48 - Col. John Alexander's gov research program on non lethal weapons tech 2:34:22 - The Illusion of Life; Mathematical sequences & the Universe; Free Will 2:43:22 - Human Good vs Evil; Infinite decisions across Multiverse 2:48:22 - Judgement vs Observation & Karma 2:52:46 - Religion vs Aliens & UFOs; Elizondo gov demon claims 3:00:42 - God, Death, & Consciousness 3:03:49 - Quantum Jumping & The Multiverse 3:07:50 - The 3 Topics Ron is using his career to cover 3:10:34 - Do Aliens drink? Julian Dorey Podcast Episodes Mentioned in Podcast: Michio Kaku (Episode 145): https://youtu.be/IQN6_xY9TAM  James Fox 2: https://youtu.be/4rrHV3Kczx0  James Fox 1: https://youtu.be/XA7ElUfOkd0  ~ Get $150 Off The Eight Sleep Pod Pro Mattress / Mattress Cover (USING CODE: “JULIANDOREY”): https://eight-sleep.ioym.net/trendifier Julian's Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/julianddorey ~ Music via Artlist.io ~ Julian Dorey Podcast Episode 151 - Ron James

On this episode of the Orthoidea podcast we have the honor of speaking with Darren Dahlin who is the Vice President at ActivOrtho. Darren shares with us the revolutionary new technology being developed by ActivOrtho that allows active compression in several types of implants utilizing Nitinol. ActivOrtho is changing how surgeons address bone healing. Thank you Darren for coming on the podcast!

(5:00) - Wasting Muscles Built Back BetterEpisode 101 was brought to you by Duro, the PLM platform behind some of Farbod & Daniel's favorite hardware products!Click here to learn more about Duro and here to check out the case study discussed in this episode about how Carecubes leverages Duro's platform to create the critical enclosures that allow medical facilities to handle contagious diseases.

Jegyzetek A hét legújabb kisállatai, Chili és Vinnie a Hírlevélben (http://eepurl.com/g7Bfd1) A hét totemállata Yakei, a #Ladyboss nőstény makákó (https://boingboing.net/2021/08/07/female-monkey-makes-history-as-first-ever-ladyboss-of-a-troop-of-700-macaques.html) A hét legnagyobb kisállata Leves, szintén a Hírlevélben (http://eepurl.com/g7Bfd1) A hét legfiktívebb kisállata a Tribble (https://youtu.be/Bprgl_4z6gY) Followup: baj van a ShotSpotter lövésazonosító AI-val (https://www.vice.com/amp/en/article/qj8xbq/police-are-telling-shotspotter-to-alter-evidence-from-gunshot-detecting-ai) IDŐKRISTÁLY!!! és más kúlságok rovat Most már aztán tényleg (?) van időkristály (https://telex.hu/tudomany/2021/08/07/idokristaly-google-kutatok-elorelepes-kvantumfizika) Nitinol, a legkúlabb anyag (https://newatlas.com/shape-memory-alloy-nitinol-heating-cooling/58837/) (köszi Róbert!) Nálunk még tart az Olimpia rovat Olimpiai robotok (https://www.npr.org/sections/tokyo-olympics-live-updates/2021/07/30/1022984439/say-hello-to-the-tokyo-olympic-robots) Röpirobot (https://www.newscientist.com/article/2127679-robot-volleyball-machine-helps-japan-team-practise-attacks/) Kosaras robot, aka HÁFKÓTTÓ SOTTÓ DESZ (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KH9m0L7F-sE) A Gundam nem Transformer (https://soranews24.com/2021/08/06/its-a-gundam-bbc-olympics-learns-that-rx-0-at-tokyo-olympics-is-not-a-transformer/) 2021 Űrolimpia (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZlPpHILyEl4) Sci-fiben élünk rovat Prekogokra támaszkodna az amerikai hadsereg (https://bitport.hu/prekogokra-tamaszkodna-az-amerikai-hadsereg) A halál utáni AI-élet (https://www.sfchronicle.com/projects/2021/jessica-simulation-artificial-intelligence/) Kapcsolódó, korábbi orosz sztori (https://theweek.com/articles/659229/best-friend-died-rebuilt--using-artificial-intelligence) Kapcsolódó Black Mirror rész: Be right back (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2290780/) Miért nehéz tudományosan igazolni az UFO-észleléseket? (https://boingboing.net/2021/08/09/a-scientist-explains-why-its-so-hard-for-scientists-to-investigate-ufos.html)

En los oídos o alrededor del cuello, los audífonos Beats Flex son tan versátiles como tu vida. Ya sea que estés escuchando música, hablando por teléfono o navegando por tus redes sociales, siempre estarás alerta para lo que venga. Los audífonos magnéticos hacen que escuchar sea mucho más fácil, ya que reproducen automáticamente la música cuando están en tus oídos y hacen una pausa cuando los dejas alrededor del cuello¹. El cable Flex-Form brinda comodidad durante todo el día con tecnología Nitinol duradera, mientras que las cuatro opciones de almohadillas ofrecen un ajuste personalizado. Y cuando no los usas, los audífonos magnéticos mantienen a los audífonos Beats Flex libres de enredos, ya que se enrollan fácilmente para guardarlos en el bolsillo o la bolsa. La música se detiene cuando tú lo haces Menos tiempo de carga. Mayor flexibilidad. Los audífonos Beats Flex brindan hasta 12 horas de audio para usarlos todo el día. Si te queda poca batería, Fast Fuel te brinda 1.5 horas de reproducción con una carga de 10 minutos². Logros del sonido de excelencia Los audífonos Beats Flex tienen un diseño acústico de doble cámara y un controlador de capas patentado para lograr una separación estéreo excepcional con una respuesta potente y precisa ante los tonos graves. La microventilación de corte láser disminuye la presión en el oído y el ángulo optimizado del controlador asegura un sonido claro y nítido. Un avanzado procesador digital optimiza el audio para lograr una experiencia auditiva precisa y llena de emociones. El resultado: un sonido increíble y potente que te mantiene inspirado todo el día. Haz la conexión Permanece conectado adonde sea que vayas. Gracias a la tecnología Bluetooth® Class 1, los audífonos Beats Flex ofrecen un rango inalámbrico más amplio y menos pérdidas de señal. El micrófono integrado avanzado ayuda a reducir el ruido del viento para ofrecer una mayor claridad de voz y desempeño en las llamadas telefónicas. Los controles en el dispositivo te permiten ajustar el volumen así como manejar la música, contestar llamadas o activar el asistente de voz. Con la potencia del chip W1 de Apple El chip W1 de Apple integra a la perfección los audífonos Beats Flex a tu mundo de productos Apple. Simplemente enciende y mantente cerca de tu iPhone o iPad. ³ Desde ese momento, tus audífonos Beats Flex estarán listos para usarse con cualquier dispositivo de Apple que esté sincronizado a iCloud para que puedas cambiar sin problemas entre productos, comprobar el estado de la batería o compartir lo que estés escuchando con otra persona a través de la opción de Audio compartido. Escucha con tus amigos La opción de Audio compartido te permite compartir de manera inalámbrica audio entre los audífonos Beats Flex y cualquier otro par de audífonos Beats o AirPods.⁴ A veces las canciones, los podcasts o incluso las películas se disfrutan más al compartirlos. Ahora puedes compartir fácilmente todo lo que escuches en un iPhone, iPad o Apple TV y cada persona puede controlar su propio volumen. Sólo tienes que acercar el par de audífonos Bluetooth compatible a tu dispositivo Apple y conectarlo con un toque. Estarán listos para escuchar cosas juntos. ENCUENTRA TUS AUDÍFONOS ¿Necesitas ayuda para encontrar tus audífonos Beats Flex? Si están cerca de alguno de tus dispositivos Apple, puedes usar la app Encontrar5 para reproducir un sonido que te ayude a localizarlos o ver su ubicación en el mapa. La app Encontrar te ofrece una amplia red global formada por cientos de millones de dispositivos Apple que usan tecnología Bluetooth segura para detectar tus dispositivos cercanos y reportarte su ubicación aproximada. Beats Flex - Audífonos in-ear inalámbricos para todo el día - Beats Azabache https://store.apple.com/mx/xc/product/MYMC2BE/A

Because of advances in medicine, life expectancy increased by 30 years on average over the last 70 years. As treatments get more complex and incisive, the materials we choose to put inside our bodies are very important in the maintenance of a healthy lifestyle. Nitinol is one of those incredible materials. With its shape memory and superelasticity properties, it can be applied in as many places as our creativity goes!    Before we introduce today's guest, check out our free professional development guide for materials scientists and engineers!   Today's guest is Dr. Jerald Redmond, Sr. Engineering Program Manager at Medtronic Spine & Biologics. In this episode, he goes in-depth about the science behind Nitinol and its applications.   In this conversation, we discuss the following topics: Nitinol in cardiovascular stents (4:48) Shape memory and superelasticity (10:30) The history of Materials science and Nitinol (15:01) Principles of biocompatibility (20:54) Bone Staples (30:50) Challenges of Nitinol in future applications (39:24)   Reach out to Jerald Redmond:  https://www.linkedin.com/in/jerald-redmond-a5a756a/   Special thanks to this episode's sponsor, Johnson Matthey! To check out their latest news, visit www.matthey.com.   Join our Discord community! You can meet other passionate materials scientists and engineers from around the world, discuss the latest breakthroughs in MSE, share materials-related memes, and get career advice from experts in the field.   For shorter segments and full video podcasts, subscribe to our channel on YouTube. For bloopers, audiograms, and interesting materials science articles, follow us on Instagram, LinkedIn, and Twitter. Feel free to message us on our social media platforms if you have any feedback or recommendations for future episodes, or email us directly at itsamaterialworldpodcast@gmail.com. Finally, reach out to David Yeh and Punith Upadhya on LinkedIn if you'd like to chat about the latest breakthroughs in MSE! Disclaimer: Any opinions expressed by either guests or hosts in this show are their own, and do not represent the opinions of the companies or organizations for which they are affiliated.

One of our favorite contingencies at CES is always the group from Case Western Reserve University. Over the years we have seen the school present innovative new products and services from students, faculty, and alumni. We've had the opportunity to speak with representatives from several of the new companies, and in this installment, we got to speak about ResiTire.ResiTire is offering a new take on an everyday necessity idem - tires. Rather than being a standard rubber tire filled with gas, the new approach is actually made of interlocking metal rings. The metal, called Nitinol, is actually designed by NASA, and the design is licensed from NASA, which calls it Superelastic Tire technology. While the technology was originally created for use on other surfaces, ResiTire has adapted it for terrestrial use.The tire that we see during the conversation is actually only part of the equation. This strangely shaped device has an elastic style design to it because of the interlocking rings. Because of this, it allows the tire to operate similarly to a traditional rubber tire, with the same grip capability. However, because there is no gas or destructible surface, this technology makes it possible to produce a tire that is able to eliminate leaks, slashes, tears, and more.To be clear, this is not a "run-flat" tire. One of the biggest problems with the current "run-flat" concept - nearly no one actually replaces one with another one. This means that you only get the benefit for the first few months of owning the car, and never again. The company is currently focusing on the tire market but intends to use the elastic properties of the metal to produce other items in the future.To learn more about ResiTire and how it can be used, head over to the company's website.Interview by Christopher Jordan of The Talking Sound.Sponsored by: Get $5 to protect your credit card information online with Privacy. Amazon Prime gives you more than just free shipping. Get free music, TV shows, movies, videogames and more. The most flexible tools for podcasting. Get a 30 day free trial of storage and statistics.

One of our favorite contingencies at CES is always the group from Case Western Reserve University. Over the years we have seen the school present innovative new products and services from students, faculty, and alumni. We've had the opportunity to speak with representatives from several of the new companies, and in this installment, we got to speak about ResiTire.ResiTire is offering a new take on an everyday necessity idem - tires. Rather than being a standard rubber tire filled with gas, the new approach is actually made of interlocking metal rings. The metal, called Nitinol, is actually designed by NASA, and the design is licensed from NASA, which calls it Superelastic Tire technology. While the technology was originally created for use on other surfaces, ResiTire has adapted it for terrestrial use.The tire that we see during the conversation is actually only part of the equation. This strangely shaped device has an elastic style design to it because of the interlocking rings. Because of this, it allows the tire to operate similarly to a traditional rubber tire, with the same grip capability. However, because there is no gas or destructible surface, this technology makes it possible to produce a tire that is able to eliminate leaks, slashes, tears, and more.To be clear, this is not a "run-flat" tire. One of the biggest problems with the current "run-flat" concept - nearly no one actually replaces one with another one. This means that you only get the benefit for the first few months of owning the car, and never again. The company is currently focusing on the tire market but intends to use the elastic properties of the metal to produce other items in the future.To learn more about ResiTire and how it can be used, head over to the company's website.Interview by Christopher Jordan of The Talking Sound.Sponsored by: Get $5 to protect your credit card information online with Privacy. Amazon Prime gives you more than just free shipping. Get free music, TV shows, movies, videogames and more. The most flexible tools for podcasting. Get a 30 day free trial of storage and statistics.

New UFO / UAP Disclosure this week via FOIA Request? The Pentagon admits it's been testing on UFO Debris called Nitinol. A reactive metal that can be bent and will return to it's original form, and also the ability to slow down light speed. WTF? Is the Green New Deal working Texans during a massive storm to push a New World Order Agenda? And there's 7 shot in Philadelphia today so we have check for signs of a False Flag. It's On, but is anyone listening?  SUBSCRIBE TO THE NEW HAMIN MEDIA GROUP AFFILIATES CHANNEL!  www.haminmediagroup.podbean.com YOUTUBE: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCnZkzOodkDzBN5wiunvCXkg CHECK OUT OUR SPONSORS!! Vince Russo Bro! Coffee from TheBroasters.com Artisan Greek Olive Oil from zourdosoliveoil.com Pro Wrestling Tees Prowrestlingtees.com/SuperStarSilvio ProWrestlingTees.com/BinHamin ProWrestlingTees.com/StevieRichards ProWrestlingTees.com/SEGShirts ProWrestlingTees.com/GreekGodPapadon   Stevie Richards Fitness StevieRichardsFitness.com

New UFO / UAP Disclosure this week via FOIA Request? The Pentagon admits it's been testing on UFO Debris called Nitinol. A reactive metal that can be bent and will return to it's original form, and also the ability to slow down light speed. WTF? Is the Green New Deal working Texans during a massive storm to push a New World Order Agenda? And there's 7 shot in Philadelphia today so we have check for signs of a False Flag. It's On, but is anyone listening?  SUBSCRIBE TO THE NEW HAMIN MEDIA GROUP AFFILIATES CHANNEL! www.haminmediagroup.podbean.com YOUTUBE: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCnZkzOodkDzBN5wiunvCXkg CHECK OUT OUR SPONSORS!! Vince Russo Bro! Coffee from TheBroasters.comArtisan Greek Olive Oil from zourdosoliveoil.com Pro Wrestling TeesProwrestlingtees.com/SuperStarSilvioProWrestlingTees.com/BinHaminProWrestlingTees.com/StevieRichardsProWrestlingTees.com/SEGShirtsProWrestlingTees.com/GreekGodPapadon Stevie Richards FitnessStevieRichardsFitness.com

This week Dylan is joined by Devin Bodony of Lichen Precision. Devin tells us his story getting into manufacturing, starting out building his own cabin and falling into machining looking for alternative power sources. Devin is a true modern Renaissance man and tells us stories about making Stirling engines, designing and building medical device fixtures, testing Nitinol for fracture toughness, building and designing his own bike frames and parts and more!

In this Medtech Matters podcast episode of Mike on Medtech with Mike Drues, president of Vascular Sciences, we discuss the FDA’s guidances on biocompatibility submissions and nitinol-containing devices. Although the two are separate guidance documents, we combine them into a single discussion. Specifically, we address a number of questions, including:What is the biocompatibility guidance in regard to?Does this help simplify the pathway to market for commonly used materials that have a proven record?The fact that we’re talking about “intact skin surface,” this wouldn’t apply to any type of wound care products, correct?With the nintinol-containing devices guidance, what’s the purpose behind that?Is this guidance primarily being put out due to the potential for an allergic reaction to nickel or is it more about the unique physical characteristics of Nitinol?What are the primary takeaways from these guidances device makers should keep in mind?There are also a number of references made. Following are links for more information on those items.Select Updates for Biocompatibility of Certain Devices in Contact with Intact Skin (Draft, Oct, 2020)Use of International Standard ISO 10993-1, "Biological evaluation of medical devices - Part 1: Evaluation and testing within a risk management process" [Finalized Sept, 2020]Final Guidance: Technical Considerations for NonClinical Assessment of Medical Devices Containing Nitinol (Oct 15, 2020; draft issued April 2019)Mike on Medtech: FDA's Material Evaluation (April 2, 2019)Mike on Medtech: Biomaterials, Biocompatibility, and Bioabsorbable (July 25, 2017) Listen to this episode and see what you think of these two guidance documents and whether they could affect an upcoming product you are producing. If you’d like to share thoughts, ask questions, or have a suggestion for a future topic for us to cover, please reach out to me at sfenske@rodmanmedia.com and we’ll see if we want to address your ideas/inquiries/suggestions in a future episode. Listen to the podcast streaming via the player or get the podcast on the Medtech Matters channel via your preferred vendor of podcasts, such as Apple Podcasts (iTunes) or Spotify.

On this episode of the Orthoidea podcast Eric Anderson speaks with Chad Kurtz who is the Vice President of Medshape. Medshape's disruptive technology focusses currently on the foot and ankle space with their cutting edge Nitinol material.

This week we experiment with a very interesting type of metal called Nitinol, which has the ability to "remember" its shape and instantly return to it after being bent. Does our experiment work? Find out! Plus, a huge pile of news, including: YouTube rabbit holes, psychic gets busted, older people worse at telling news fact from opinion, parking fines at the Goonies house, Nebraska's new tourism slogan, Net Neutrality controversy update, and the "Be My Eyes" app.

Dr. Carolyn Lam:               Welcome to Circulation on the Run, your weekly podcast summary and backstage pass to the journal and its editors. I'm Dr. Carolyn Lam, Associate Editor from the National Heart Center, and Duke National University of Singapore. Our featured paper today provides important trial evidence that will guide interventional management of symptomatic femoral artery disease, but first, here's your summary of this week's journal.                                                 The first paper sheds light on the interaction between left ventricular dysfunction and mesenchymal stromal cell activation. First author, Dr. Naftali-Shani. Corresponding author, Dr. Leor and colleagues from Neufeld Cardiac Research Institute in Israel isolated mesenchymal stromal cells from cardiac and subcutaneous fat tissues of mice with left ventricular dysfunction, 28 days after myocardial infarction or sham operation. They further injected mesenchymal stromal cells or saline into the infracted myocardium of mice and evaluated left ventricular remodeling 28 days after myocardial infarction. They found that left ventricular dysfunction switched cardiac mesenchymal stromal cells towards an inflammatory phenotype and that these pro-inflammatory mesenchymal stromal cells contributed to adverse left ventricular remodeling and dysfunction. The inflammatory polarization of cardiac mesenchymal stromal cells by left ventricular dysfunction was mediated by toll-like receptor four. Finally, toll-like receptor four deficiency in mesenchymal stromal cells attenuated their pro-inflammatory activation, improved their reparative properties, graft survival, infarct repair and left ventricular remodeling.                                                 In summary, the environment of the failing and infarcted myocardium drove resident and transplanted mesenchymal stromal cells towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype that restricted their survival and reparative effects in a mechanism mediated by toll-like receptor four. Targeting toll-like receptor four in mesenchymal stromal cells could improve the safety and efficacy of cell therapy in heart failure.                                                 The next study provides evidence that fractional flow reserve or FFR is a useful index for decision-making in real life daily cath lab practice. First author, Dr. Ahn, corresponding author, Dr. Park and colleagues from Heart Institute Asan Medical Center in South Korea, evaluated the prognosis of deferred and revascularized coronary stenosis after FFR measurement in the IRIS-FFR registry of 5,848 prospectively enrolled patients. This large prospective registry showed that the FFR was linearly associated with the risk of cardiac events in deferred lesions. In addition, revascularization for coronary artery stenosis with a low FFR of less than 0.75 was associated with better outcomes than deferral, while for a stenosis with a high FFR of greater than 0.76, medical treatment would be a reasonable and safe strategy. Thus, the authors concluded that FFR may be considered a clinical prognostic index in addition to a physiological quantification for flow-limiting stenosis. These and other issues are discussed in an accompanying editorial by Doctors De Bruyne, Fournier and Barbato.                                                 The next study sheds important insights into a potential disease modifier in pulmonary arterial hypertenstion, and that is vascular endothelial growth factor receptor three, or VEGF receptor three. First author, Dr. Hwangbo, Co-corresponding authors Dr. Chun and Dr. Jin from Yale Cardiovascular Research Center in Connecticut, used a combination of experimental animal models, human patient cells and detailed signaling studies to demonstrate the importance of a novel interaction between bone morphogenetic protein type two receptors, or BMPR2 and VEGF receptor three in regulating the robustness of endothelial bone morphogenic protein signaling response. They demonstrated that the interaction was critical for promoting BMPR2 internalization in response to bone morphogenic protein stimulation. They further showed that genetic deletion of endothelial VEGF receptor three in mice resulted in exacerbation of chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension and impaired bone morphogenic protein signaling. Thus, these findings identify VEGF receptor three as a key regulator of endothelial BMPR2 signaling and a potential determinant of pulmonary arterial hypertension penetrance in humans.                                                 The next study tells us that a low-dose drug-coated balloon may be a promising treatment option in symptomatic superficial femoral or popliteal artery disease. Dr. Schroeder and colleagues of the Jewish Hospital in Berlin, Germany, reported results of the ILLUMENATE European Randomized Clinical Trial, which was a prospective randomized multi-center, single-blinded trial, where patients were randomized 3:1 to treatment with a low-dose drug-coated balloon or an uncoated percutaneous transluminal angioplasty balloon. The primary safety endpoint was a composite of freedom from device and procedure-related death through 30 days, and freedom from target limb major amputation and clinically-driven target lesion revascularization through 12 months. The primary effectiveness endpoint was primary patency at 12 months. The main results were that in symptomatic patients, with superficial femoral and/or proximal popliteal artery disease, low-dose, drug-coated balloon was safer and more effective than uncoated percutaneous transluminal angioplasty balloons through follow-up of 12 months. This is discussed as a novel strategy to reduce femoral popliteal restenosis in an accompanying editorial by Doctors Goldsweig and Aronow.                                                 The final study provides important genotype-phenotype correlations of SCN5A mutations in probands with Brugada syndrome. First author, Dr. Yamagata, corresponding author, Dr. Shimizu and colleagues of Nippon Medical School in Tokyo, Japan, studied 415 Japanese Brugada syndrome probands to assess the association between SCN5A mutations and clinical outcomes. During a mean follow-up period of 72 months, the overall cardiac event rate was 2.5% per year. Compared to probands without mutations, probands with SCN5A mutations experienced their first cardiac event at a younger age, had a higher positive rate of late potentials and exhibited longer P-wave, PQ and QRS durations, and had a higher rate of cardiac events, especially when the mutations were located in the pore region of the encoded protein. The conclusion was therefore, that genetic screening for SCN5A mutations among Brugada syndrome probands may be useful for stratifying such patients according to their risk of subsequent cardiac events. Well, that wraps it up for your summaries. Now for our feature discussion.                                                 Our feature paper today is the stuff that really could change guidelines. Now, we're talking about superficial femoral artery disease and its treatment. Unlike most other vascular beds, where stenting is the preferred modality of endovascular revascularization, the optimal therapy for superficial femoral artery disease remain controversial. However, today's paper really adds to our insight and I am so pleased to have the first and corresponding author Dr. Ilka Ott, from German Heart Center in Munich, as well as Dr. Manos Brilakis, Associate Editor, from UT Southwestern. Welcome both. Dr. Ilka Ott:                         Welcome. Dr. Manos Brilakis:           Morning. Dr. Carolyn Lam:               Wonderful. So Ilka could you please share what you found? Dr. Ilka Ott:                         We already know from previous studies there has been a lot of studies showing the drug-eluting balloon is superior to plain angioplasty in superficial artery disease. So then, in our study, we found that the treatment with the drug-eluting balloon plus stenting was very superior to the balloon angioplasty plus stenting and the directional atherectomy. The primary endpoint we used in the study was an angiographic endpoint. It was diameter of stenosis and this was significantly lower in the patients treated by drug-eluting balloon angioplasty, as compared to the balloon angioplasty and atherectomy group. Moreover, we had a clinical follow-up of 24 months and we found that also the target lesion revascularization was 70% in the group of drug-eluting balloon plus stent as compared to 37% in the balloon angioplasty and stent group, and 53% in the atherectomy group. We found a significant reduction also in the clinical endpoint of TLR at three years. Dr. Carolyn Lam:               Wow Ilka, congratulations, but may I just ask, was there any reason to think that a drug-eluting balloon would not be similarly beneficial as in other vascular beds? Dr. Ilka Ott:                         Well, I think is not a novelty of the study. We already know from previous studies that drug-eluting balloon is superior to plain balloon angioplasty so that's not a surprising result. However, in disease of the femoral superficial artery we often have the problems, in particular when we treat complex lesions like along occlusions or along calcified stenosis, that drug-eluting balloon is not sufficient, so you need to also stabilize the lesion to stabilize dissections. You also need to do a stent implantation. Our study now shows that the combination of drug-eluting balloon plus stent is superior than plain balloon angioplasty plus stent. The nice approach is most of the time if you need a stent, if you use drug-eluting balloon and the lesion is stable and you don't need a stent you are glad. This has shown previous studies, however, if you need further treatment and you need to place a stent, we now show that the pretreatment with a drug-eluting balloon is a superior option than just the plain balloon angioplasty. Dr. Carolyn Lam:               Manos, what is your take on these results? Do you think it will impact guidelines? Dr. Manos Brilakis:           First of all, I would like to congratulate Dr. Ott for an excellent study. I think what is particularly important here, is the comparative effectiveness component. We have several studies circulating already about drug-coated balloons, have studies on stents, but we don't have studies addressing the other modalities like atherectomy. Why I was particularly impressed, is I think the study will have a finally an assessment of atherectomy as a primary strategy for calcified lesions and it's interesting that that was not as good efficacy. It was actually tents for worse TLR as compared to plain old balloon angioplasty and stent. Would like to ask Dr. Ott what is your kind thoughts about the alone atherectomy give the results of the study? Are they still doing it or is it falling out of favor? Dr. Ilka Ott:                         Yes, I think this is a very important point. I think atherectomy alone is not an appropriate treatment but there are some data that atherectomy in combination with drug-eluting balloon gives much better results, or you may even think about a combination of atherectomy and drug-eluting stent, so it often is the case. This study also raises a lot of questions and gives some thought into further studies. I think in the combination atherectomy might still have its place. Dr. Carolyn Lam:               Could you tell us some of those plans for future studies? Dr. Ilka Ott:                         Well, we are just in the initiation phase but I think one also very interesting concept is to compare drug-eluting balloon plus stent to the drug-eluting stents that have been on the market. However, as I said before, there's again the concept if you combine the drug-eluting balloon plus a stent it might be also, from the commercial aspect, better because sometimes you don't need the stent. And then moreover, the drug-eluting stents are much more expensive. It would be interested to see a study like that. Dr. Carolyn Lam:               What about the concern that the superficial femoral artery is subject to a lot of stretching and external compression and it's long and ... Maybe I'm out of date here about the concern of stent fractures and so on. It looks like your study has disproven this, or do you think the follow-up's long enough? Dr. Ilka Ott:                         I think the follow-up of two years is quite good, but you're right, it seems like in the superficial femoral artery the restenosis process is much longer and more prolonged. Of course, you would like not to place a stent in the SSA but from the interventional aspect, it's often not possible because if you have a dissection with a limiting the flow, you have to fix that by putting in a stent. Nitinol stents are pretty good these days. Moreover, we have another generation of the woven stents the Supera stents that might also be an interesting point to investigate in comparison to the strategy we now have shown to be superior. Dr. Manos Brilakis:           I think what we need is more studies like this, that they take the other modalities like atherectomy, laser and combine them with what is currently the standard of care, which is drug-coated balloons or drug-coated balloons plus stent, as shared in the study. I just want to congratulate Dr. Ott on her study and encourage future studies from the group. I know the ISAR group is been a phenomenally productive group in coronary intervention and I'm delighted to see they're expanding on the peripheral world. Dr. Carolyn Lam:               I couldn't agree more. Congratulations, once again, for a study that really will impact practice and that we're so proud to be publishing in Circulation.                                                 Listeners, I'm sure you learned as much as me, so please don't forget to tune in next week as well. Thanks.

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden die Grundlagen für die Zwei-Photonen-Endomikroskopie untersucht. Die Herausforderung liegt in der Miniaturisierung der Technik der Zwei-Photonen-Mikroskopie, um auch endoskopisch in vivo hochauflösende Bilder von Gewebestrukturen und Zellen zu erhalten. Im Gegensatz zur Gewebeentnahme bei einer Biopsie ist dieses optische Verfahren minimal-invasiv. Damit ist eine Vorab Untersuchung des Gewebes möglich, die die Diagnostik unteranderem von bösartigen Gewebestrukturen präzisieren könnte. Die konfokale Endoskopie bietet bereits mit einem vergleichbaren Verfahren die Möglichkeit einer optischen Biopsie an der Oberfläche, z.B. an verschiedenen Schleimhäuten. Aufgrund der Gewebestreuung ist die Eindringtiefe des Lichts dabei aber auf wenige Mikrometer begrenzt. Diese Einschränkung könnte durch die bereits in der Zwei-Photonen-Mikroskopie gezeigte größere optische Eindringtiefe durch die Zwei-Photonen-Endomikroskopie verbessert werden. In dieser Arbeit wurde ein Femtosekundenlaser durch Glasfasern geleitet und am distalen Ende mit Hilfe einer Mikrooptik fokussiert. Dazu wurde ein Aufbau basierend auf Faserbündeln gewählt. Die einzelnen Faserkerne des Glasfaserbündels wurden mit einem Galvanometer-Scanner abgerastert und die dazugehörige detektierte Fluoreszenz punktweise zu einem Bild zusammengesetzt. Zur Kompensation der zeitlichen Verbreiterung der Pulse wurde ein Gitterkompressor aufgebaut. Mit diesem Aufbau wurden Zwei-Photonen-Fluoreszenz Aufnahmen von fluoreszenzstarken Proben durch ein Faserbündel ermöglicht. Diese Arbeit zeigt die Machbarkeit der Zwei-Photonen-Endoskopie und zeigt Möglichkeiten zur Optimierung, um zukünftig auch einen klinischen Einsatz zu ermöglichen. Mit der verwendeten Mikrooptik wurde eine zelluläre Auflösung von (3,5 ± 0,3) μm lateral und (5,3 ± 0,1) μm axial erreicht. Durch die Verwendung eines Referenzsystem aus Mikroskopobjektiven im Austausch der Mikrooptik konnte gezeigt werden, dass vor allem die laterale Auflösung noch verbessert werden konnte. Entscheidend ist hierfür eine hohe distale numerische Apertur. Der zukünftige Einsatz von verbesserten Mikrooptiken kann somit die Auflösung noch erhöhen. Aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse legen nahe, dass diese zukünftig auch kommerziell erhältlich sein könnten. Zusätzlich wurde eine variable Fokussiereinheit auf Basis eines Drahts aus einer Formgedächtnislegierung (Nitinol) realisiert. Damit konnte der Abstand zwischen Mikrooptik und Gewebeoberfläche verstellt werden. Durch Applikation eines maximalen Stromes bis zu 385mA kontrahiert der Nitinoldraht um ca. 1,8%. Ab dem minimalen Aktivierungsstrom von 330 mA konnte ein linearer Zusammenhang zwischen der Stromstärke und der Verschiebung beobachtet werden. Eine Änderung der Stromstärke in Schritten von 16–12 mA. ermöglicht eine Verschiebung von 20–10 μm. Eine Herausforderung ist die Erzeugung und Detektion der Fluoreszenzsignale aus dem Gewebe zur Erzeugung von aussagekräftigen Zwei-Photonen-Bildern. Die Leistungsverluste der Laserenergie im Anregungsweg und die Verluste des Fluoreszenzsignals im Detektionsweg müssen hierfür möglichst gering gehalten werden. Die größten Verluste im Anregungsweg gibt es durch den Gitterkompressor, durch die Fasereinkopplung und durch die Mikrooptik. Trotzdem ist die hier erreichte Gesamttransmission von 18% (λ0 = 800 nm) ohne Gitterkompressor vergleichbar mit der erster Zwei-Photonen-Mikroskope. Durch Optimierung einzelner Komponenten, vor allem des Gitterkompressors und der Mikrooptik, ist zukünftig eine bessere Transmission möglich. Die Erzeugung von Zwei-Photonen-Fluoreszenzsignalen wird auch durch die Pulsverbreiterung innerhalb des Faserbündels verringert. Sowohl lineare als auch nichtlineare Effekte verbreitern spektral und zeitlich die Pulse. Die Untersuchung dieser Effekte konnte zeigen, dass mit Hilfe eines Gitterkompressors die zeitliche Pulsdauer am Faserausgang bis auf ca. 10 fs wiederhergestellt werden konnte und damit die Zwei-Photonen-Fluoreszenzanregung verbessert werden konnte. Trotzdem konnten bereits bei den hier verwendeten Leistungen (5–65 mW) auch nichtlineare Effekte beobachtet werden. Dazu kommt, dass bei höheren Laserintensitäten keine Transmission mehr möglich ist und die Eigenfluoreszenz der einzelnen Fasern des Faserbündels die Fluoreszenzsignale aus dem Gewebe überlagert. Zur Beseitigung der hier gezeigten Limitierungen durch die Mikrooptik und durch das Faserbündel sind weitere Optimierungen nötig um den Einsatz eines Zwei-Photonen-Endoskops in vivo zu ermöglichen. Durch den nichtlinearen Zusammenhang zwischen der Photonenintensität und der Fluoreszenzanregung sind diese Limitierungen gravierender als bei einer normalen Fluoreszenzanregung. Eine Reduzierung der Spitzenintensitäten der Laserpulse bei einem gleichzeitigen Erhöhen der Laserrepetitionsrate könnte zukünftig die nichtlinearen Effekte reduzieren und die effektive Laserleistung am Faserausgang erhöhen.

Nickel is the metal that made the jet age possible, not to mention margarine and bicycle sprockets. In the latest installment in his journey through the periodic table, Justin Rowlatt travels to Rolls Royce to discover the incredible materials science that this chemical element and its super-alloys have driven, as well as the miniscule market for another, far more valuable metal - rhenium. Justin also descends deep into the bowels of University College London with Professor Andrea Sella to encounter the clang of a Monel rod, a magic trick with a Nitinol paper clip, and an almost uncuttable piece of Inconel. (Photo: Airbus jets. Credit: Christopher Furlong/Getty Images)

Bend it, flex it, then heat it- and this new alloy snaps back into shape for thousands of cycles

Sitting on your glasses is no longer a death sentence for spectacles, thanks to shape memory alloys like nitinol

Es wurde die Einheilung einer mit Plasma-Immersions-Ionen-Implantation beschichteten Autokompressionsklammer aus Nitinol im Seitenvergleich mit einer unbehandelten Klammer an sieben Beagle-Hunden überprüft. Aufgrund der Autokompressionsklammer war ein gleichzeitiger Vergleich der Heilung mit bzw. ohne Kompression möglich. Die Einheilzeit betrug drei Wochen. Die Ergebnisse wurden fluoreszenzmikroskopisch und mit konventioneller Histologie überprüft.