Podcasts about bosworth field

One of the more fascinating women of the Tudor era was actually one of the last Plantagenets, Margaret Plantagenet, later Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury. Daughter of George, Duke of Clarence (he of Malmsey wine fame), and a niece to both King Edward IV and King Richard III, Margaret and her brother were taken into the care of King Henry VII after Richard's defeat at Bosworth Field. Henry's wife, Elizabeth of York, was Margaret's cousin, and perhaps because of his insecurities about his claim to the throne, Henry preferred to keep the remaining Plantagenets close. As a consequence, Margaret had a front-row seat to some of the most consequential moments in the reigns of Henry VII and Henry VIII, including as a lady-in-waiting to Catherine of Aragon, who would become a close a friend across the decades. But she also suffered mightily; Henry VII imprisoned and then executed her brother, and after the death of her husband, Hank VII kept her nearly destitute through the confiscation of the Salisbury estate, rightfully her brother's Earldom. When Henry VIII succeeded his father - and Catherine of Aragon made a big return - Margaret was made whole, becoming one of only two women in 16th century England who was a peer in her own right. Her success as a landowner did not sit well with the increasingly paranoid Henry VIII, who spent her last decade cracking down on her children, and eventually put Margaret into the Tower of London for a couple of years before Henry ordered her executed on the Tower Green on May 27, 1541. A contemporary report has it that she taunted her inexperienced executioner to the last. Listen ad-free at patreon.com/trashyroyalspodcast. To advertise on this podcast, reach out to info@amplitudemediapartners.com. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Who was Henry VII, and how did he change history forever? From his stunning victory at the Battle of Bosworth Field to his clever handling of rebellious pretenders and the economy, this video answers the top 10 most frequently asked questions about the first Tudor king. Discover how he united England, secured the Tudor dynasty, and left a legacy that paved the way for iconic figures like Henry VIII and Elizabeth I. Was he a cunning mastermind, a frugal ruler, or both? Dive in to uncover the truth behind the man who founded one of England's most legendary dynasties! #TudorHistory #HenryVII #BattleOfBosworth #TudorDynasty #HistoryLovers

After his father shipped his sister Margaret off to be the Queen of Scotland, it fell to Henry VIII to manage his baby sister Mary's love life. A genuine beauty, France's King Louis XII, then 52, was undoubtedly happy to walk down the aisle with the 18-year-old English princess. The bliss would not last, as just three or so months later, Louis was dead, with salacious whispers in the French court that Mary had "intercoursed" him to death. Ah, the 16th century. But this wasn't the end for Mary's heart, not by a long shot. It turns out that she had long nurtured a desire for Tudor courtier and man-about-town Charles Brandon. Charles's father had been a loyal partisan of Henry Tudor's claim to the throne before he became Henry VII, and Sir William Brandon had died at the Battle of Bosworth Field. Young Charles was raised at court, a few years older than Henry VIII, and enjoyed a bit of hero worship from the future king. He was also a scoundrel who fleeced a number of rich women (and girls) through the hazy definitions of marriage and engagement in the period. Still, in spite of Henry making him promise not to marry his sister, Charles was dispatched to France after the death of Louis XII to negotiate the young queen's return to England, and once there, the long-suffering Mary convinced the dashing man of her dreams to abandon the pledge and marry her anyway. Her brother was, to put it mildly, displeased. Listen ad-free at patreon.com/trashyroyalspodcast. To advertise on this podcast, reach out to info@amplitudemediapartners.com. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

How the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485 could have marked a turning point in economic history.

Welcome to the second episode of THE TUDORS: A REAL GAME OF THRONES! Join Anna and me as we delve into the fascinating rule of the first Tudor monarch, Henry VII.Fresh off his triumphant victory at Bosworth Field in August 1485, Henry Tudor ended the brutal Wars of the Roses by marrying Elizabeth of York, uniting the warring houses of York and Lancaster. But his challenges were far from over. Winning the throne was just the beginning—now he had to secure and defend it.What kind of monarch would Henry VII become? How would he heal a war-torn England and refill the much depleted treasury? And how would he solidify his fragile claim to the throne? Tune in to discover the answers to these riveting questions and more!Don't miss this captivating exploration of history, intrigue, and power in The Tudors: A Real Game of Thrones.You can also watch the video of this episode on Youtube.For more content and if you'd like to sign up to our mailing list to be notified whenever we release a new episode, then head over to The History Buff website. You can find more History Buff content on Instagram, YouTube, TikTok, and Facebook.Artwork by Leila Mead. Check out her website and follow her on Instagram.Music: As History Unfolds by Christoffer Moe Ditlevsen. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

The Tudors are Britain's most famous royal dynasty. They ruled over England from 1485 until 1603, and included England's two arguably most influential monarchs - Henry VIII and Elizabeth I. However, the Tudor dynasty also included many other fascinating and consequential monarchs such as Henry VII (the first Tudor monarch), Edward VI and Mary I (England's first female monarch).In this twelve-part series, I am joined by recurring history buff and someone who studied the Tudor dynasty, Anna Morris. She is a familiar face on the podcast, having joined me to discuss the Empress Sissi of Austria all the way back in the first series.We will cover everything from the end of the Battle of Bosworth Field and beginning of the Tudor Dynasty in 1485 all the way up to Elizabeth I's death at the end of her so-called Golden Age.In this first episode, we will talk about the end of the Wars of the Roses—a series of civil wars fought between the houses of Lancaster and York for control of the English throne from 1455 to 1487. We will discuss how Henry Tudor, a plucky Welsh-born descendant of John of Gaunt with a fairly tenuous claim to the English throne, ended up winning it on the blood-spattered field of Bosworth in 1485.You can watch the video of the episode on Youtube.For more content and if you'd like to sign up to our mailing list to be notified whenever we release a new episode, then head over to The History Buff website. You can find more History Buff content on Instagram, YouTube, TikTok, and Facebook.Artwork by Leila Mead. Check out her website and follow her on Instagram.Music: As History Unfolds by Christoffer Moe Ditlevsen. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

A turbulent period in English history, the War of the Roses was a dynastic conflict between the Lancaster and York houses that lasted from 1455 to 1487, fundamentally altering the English monarchy. The Yorkists experienced victories at battles like St Albans and Towton, with Edward IV briefly deposing Henry VI until Henry Tudor's victory at Bosworth Field in 1485 brought unity and marked the beginning of the Tudor dynasty.

This week it's the live discussion about Richard III in literature, The Road to Bosworth Field, as recorded at the Quay Theatre at Sudbury on Thursday 20th July 2023, following our live performance of Bosworth Field by Sir John Beaumont. With host Robert Crighton were Doctor Jitka Štollová & Doctor Stephen Longstaffe, with additional readings by Sarah Golding and Karim Kronfli Our patrons received this episode in August 2023 - approx. 7 months early. The Beyond Shakespeare Podcast is supported by its patrons – become a patron and you get to choose the plays we work on next. Go to www.patreon.com/beyondshakespeare - or if you'd like to buy us a coffee at ko-fi https://ko-fi.com/beyondshakespeare - or if you want to give us some feedback, email us at admin@beyondshakespeare.org, follow us on Twitter, Facebook & Instagram @BeyondShakes or go to our website: https://beyondshakespeare.org You can also subscribe to our YouTube channel where (most of) our exploring sessions live - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCLa4pXxGZFwTX4QSaB5XNdQ The Beyond Shakespeare Podcast is hosted and produced by Robert Crighton. 

Welcome to Bosworth Field by Sir John Beaumont, recorded live at the Quay Theatre at Sudbury. The second half of the evening - The Road to Bosworth Field - will drop very soon. Bosworth Field by Sir John Beaumont was hosted by Robert Crighton, sound recorded by Jack Lawson of the Quay Theatre. Many thanks to Joe Fawcett, Sharon Buckler, and the team at the Quay for helping make this show possible. Cast Pamela Flanagan – Narrator for King Richard Karim Kronfli – Narrator for Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond Sarah Golding – The Ghost of Henry VI, Ferrers, Hungerford Gillian Horgan – Richmond, Earl of Surrey (Norfolk's son), Bourchier Heydn McCabe – Thomas Stanley, Byron, Talbot Simon Nader – King Richard III Rob Myson – Duke of Norfolk (father to Surrey), Clifton Stephen Longstaffe – Brakenbury, Oxford Kit McGuire – Catesby, Narrator for the French, Percy, Scout Special thanks to Doctor Jitka Štollová for assisting in all our work on Richard III texts. Also thanks to the Beyond Shakespeare online group who've contributed to making this piece come to life through our exploring sessions - Alan Scott, Eric Karoulla, Liza Graham, Emma Kemp, Gina Moravec, Lynn Freitas, Aliki Chapple, Lois Potter, Rachel Warburton, Gregory Musson. Our patrons received this episode in August 2023 - approx. 7 months early. The Beyond Shakespeare Podcast is supported by its patrons – become a patron and you get to choose the plays we work on next. Go to www.patreon.com/beyondshakespeare - or if you'd like to buy us a coffee at ko-fi https://ko-fi.com/beyondshakespeare - or if you want to give us some feedback, email us at admin@beyondshakespeare.org, follow us on Twitter, Facebook & Instagram @BeyondShakes or go to our website: https://beyondshakespeare.org You can also subscribe to our YouTube channel where (most of) our exploring sessions live - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCLa4pXxGZFwTX4QSaB5XNdQ The Beyond Shakespeare Podcast is hosted and produced by Robert Crighton. 

The recent Channel Four documentary, The Princes in the Tower: The New Evidence saw historian Philippa Langley and TV personality Judge Rinder examine documents which they believe prove Edward V and Richard Duke of York were not murdered by their uncle Richard III, but were in fact spirited away to mainland Europe. From there they plotted both their return and the overthrow of Henry VII, victor over Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field. Joining today me in the first of a new series of bonus episodes is Jackson van Uden, the host of the History with Jackson podcast. Jackson chats about this evidence, as well as past episodes on his pod, and then we both talk about what to expect in 2024. Episode Links History with Jackson - Jackson's Podcast History with Jackson site The Princes in the Tower: David Pilling on 'The New Evidence' - Aspects of History Channel Four: The Princes in the Tower: The New Evidence Image of The Princes

On this week's episode, Martin and Eleanor head to Leicestershire, the county where Richard III died at Bosworth Field.After a chat about New Year's Day traditions and superstitions, they leap into the history and folklore of Leicestershire - from Simon de Montfort and Melton Mowbray pork pies to Belvoir Castle, Ashby de la Zouch, and Kirby Muxloe, as well as the Humberstone, further adventures of Bel the giant, ghost suffragettes, and more besides. Then it's time for the main event: Martin's telling of "Black Annis."The Three Ravens is an English Myth and Folklore podcast hosted by award-winning writers Martin Vaux and Eleanor Conlon.Released on Mondays, each weekly episode focuses on one of England's 39 historic counties, exploring the history, folklore and traditions of the area, from ghosts and mermaids to mythical monsters, half-forgotten heroes, bloody legends, and much, much more. Then, and most importantly, the pair take turns to tell a new version of an ancient story from that county - all before discussing what that tale might mean, where it might have come from, and the truths it reveals about England's hidden past...With Bonus Episodes released on Thursdays (Magic and Medicines about folk remedies and arcane spells, Three Ravens Bestiary about cryptids and mythical creatures, Dying Arts about endangered heritage crafts, and Something Wicked about folkloric true crime from across history) plus a range of exclusive content on Patreon, audio ghost tours, the Three Ravens Newsletter, and monthly Three Ravens Film Club episodes about folk horror films from across the decades, why not join us around the campfire and listen in?Learn more at www.threeravenspodcast.com, join our Patreon at www.patreon.com/threeravenspodcast, and find links to our social media channels here: https://linktr.ee/threeravenspodcast Get bonus content on Patreon Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Ron Destro is an award-winning writer, actor, director, and teacher. Trained in the US and UK, his mentors have included Royal Shakespeare Company founder John Barton, Oscar-winner F Murray Abraham, TV legend Lucille Ball, painter Pierre Matisse, and teachers at the Iowa Writers Workshop. He received the Kennedy Center New American Play Award for his work, Hiroshima, for which Yoko Ono wrote the original score.             He runs the nonprofit New York and London summer-based Oxford Shakespeare Company, which trains actors and presents Shakespeare plays in historic locations, including Hamlet in Elsinore, Macbeth in Birnam Wood, and Richard III on Bosworth Field.             He's lectured on the Shakespeare authorship question at Harvard University, Chautauqua Institution and the Edinburgh Skeptics Society.             His new book, The Starre, The Moone, The Sunne, is an Elizabethan murder mystery, the solving of which just happens to reveal the identity of the real “William Shakespeare.” I've read The Starre, The Moone, The Sunne and can tell you it's uniquely entertaining, especially as Ron has written it as if he was an author living in the Elizabethan era. Funny, dramatic, raucous, and filled with an amazing theatrical energy, I highly recommend it to you.             And if you're into the Bard of Avon, please check out Ron's excellent book, The Shakespeare Masterclasses, featuring fantastic insights from 13 of the world's greatest classical actors.            Among some of Ron's more unusual achievements, he taught Christopher Reeve to smoke, was told by Groucho Marx to give somebody the finger, and nearly ran Michael York off a mountaintop in a toboggan.www.rondestro.com

Professor Suzannah Lipscomb kicks off four special episodes about the Tudor Dynasty with a look at its founding father King Henry VII. Seen as an exile and outsider with barely a claim to the throne, there was little to suggest that the obscure Henry would last any longer than his predecessor Richard III who Henry defeated at the battle of Bosworth Field. To maintain his grip on power and to convince England that his rule was both rightful and effective, Henry VII embarked upon a ruthless and controlling kingshipIn this edition of Not Just the Tudors, Professor Suzannah Lipscomb finds out more about this unlikely monarch with Henry VII's biographer Sean Cunningham.This episode was produced by Rob Weinberg.Don't miss out on the best offer in history! Enjoy unlimited access to award-winning original documentaries that are released weekly and AD-FREE podcasts. Get a subscription for £1 for 3 months with code NOTJUSTTHETUDORS1 sign up now for your 14-day free trial https://historyhit/subscription/You can take part in our listener survey here >

Dive into the fascinating world of Richard III, the last Plantagenet King of England, in this captivating documentary here on MedievalMadness. We'll explore his life, reign, and the controversies that surrounded him, from his rise to power to his untimely death at the Battle of Bosworth Field. Discover the truth behind the myths and legends that have shaped his legacy, and learn about the recent archaeological discoveries that have shed new light on this enigmatic figure. Join us as we unravel the mystery of Richard III and reveal the man behind the crown. Don't forget to like, comment, and subscribe for more intriguing historical medieval content!

After the Battle of Bosworth Field, Henry Tudor became King Henry VII. But what happened to the king he replaced, King Richard III? Well, we weren't quite sure. Not until 2012, when a group of archeologists galvanized by an amateur named Philippa Langley made a momentous discovery in a Leicester parking lot.  Support Noble Blood: — Bonus episodes, stickers, and scripts on Patreon — Merch! — Order Dana's book, 'Anatomy: A Love Story' and its sequel 'Immortality: A Love Story'See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

At its heart this tale is a medieval mystery, which sadly involved the death of two children. Innocent boys who found themselves at the mercy of the politics, plotting and greed of two competing royal houses. Henry II of England ascended the throne in 1154 and is considered to be the first Plantagenet king. Essentially two houses descended from the Plantagenets – the House of York and the House of Lancaster. It was the rivalry between these two branches that brought about the Wars of the Roses, a bloody civil war and fight for the English throne that lasted for over 30 years. The war claimed the lives of 12 Princes, 200 nobles, about 100,000 commoners and gentry and wiped out two generations of the lines of Warwick and Somerset. In fact, by the final battle at Bosworth Field in 1485 all the males from both houses were dead, the English Middle Age was over, and a new Tudor Age was ushered in.

Henry Tudor defeats Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field to become Henry VII. But he is immediately beset by various pretenders to the throne leading to the question: were the Wars of the Roses truly over?Website: www.westerncivpodcast.comAd-Free Patreon Epsidoes: www.patreon.com/westerncivpodcastPremium Feed: www.glow.fm/westernciv

As I was getting too big for Mr. Wopsle's great-aunt's room, my education under that preposterous female terminated. Not, however, until Biddy had imparted to me everything she knew, from the little catalogue of prices, to a comic song she had once bought for a halfpenny. Although the only coherent part of the latter piece of literature were the opening lines,When I went to Lunnon town sirs,Too rul loo rulToo rul loo rulWasn't I done very brown sirs?Too rul loo rulToo rul loo rul—still, in my desire to be wiser, I got this composition by heart with the utmost gravity; nor do I recollect that I questioned its merit, except that I thought (as I still do) the amount of Too rul somewhat in excess of the poetry. In my hunger for information, I made proposals to Mr. Wopsle to bestow some intellectual crumbs upon me, with which he kindly complied. As it turned out, however, that he only wanted me for a dramatic lay-figure, to be contradicted and embraced and wept over and bullied and clutched and stabbed and knocked about in a variety of ways, I soon declined that course of instruction; though not until Mr. Wopsle in his poetic fury had severely mauled me.Whatever I acquired, I tried to impart to Joe. This statement sounds so well, that I cannot in my conscience let it pass unexplained. I wanted to make Joe less ignorant and common, that he might be worthier of my society and less open to Estella's reproach.The old battery out on the marshes was our place of study, and a broken slate and a short piece of slate-pencil were our educational implements: to which Joe always added a pipe of tobacco. I never knew Joe to remember anything from one Sunday to another, or to acquire, under my tuition, any piece of information whatever. Yet he would smoke his pipe at the battery with a far more sagacious air than anywhere else⁠—even with a learned air⁠—as if he considered himself to be advancing immensely. Dear fellow, I hope he did.It was pleasant and quiet, out there with the sails on the river passing beyond the earthwork, and sometimes, when the tide was low, looking as if they belonged to sunken ships that were still sailing on at the bottom of the water. Whenever I watched the vessels standing out to sea with their white sails spread, I somehow thought of Miss Havisham and Estella; and whenever the light struck aslant, afar off, upon a cloud or sail or green hillside or waterline, it was just the same.⁠—Miss Havisham and Estella and the strange house and the strange life appeared to have something to do with everything that was picturesque.One Sunday when Joe, greatly enjoying his pipe, had so plumed himself on being “most awful dull,” that I had given him up for the day, I lay on the earthwork for some time with my chin on my hand, descrying traces of Miss Havisham and Estella all over the prospect, in the sky and in the water, until at last I resolved to mention a thought concerning them that had been much in my head.“Joe,” said I; “don't you think I ought to make Miss Havisham a visit?”“Well, Pip,” returned Joe, slowly considering. “What for?”“What for, Joe? What is any visit made for?”“There is some wisits p'r'aps,” said Joe, “as forever remains open to the question, Pip. But in regard to wisiting Miss Havisham. She might think you wanted something⁠—expected something of her.”“Don't you think I might say that I did not, Joe?”“You might, old chap,” said Joe. “And she might credit it. Similarly she mightn't.”Joe felt, as I did, that he had made a point there, and he pulled hard at his pipe to keep himself from weakening it by repetition.“You see, Pip,” Joe pursued, as soon as he was past that danger, “Miss Havisham done the handsome thing by you. When Miss Havisham done the handsome thing by you, she called me back to say to me as that were all.”“Yes, Joe. I heard her.”“All,” Joe repeated, very emphatically.“Yes, Joe. I tell you, I heard her.”“Which I meantersay, Pip, it might be that her meaning were⁠—Make a end on it!⁠—As you was!⁠—Me to the North, and you to the South!⁠—Keep in sunders!”I had thought of that too, and it was very far from comforting to me to find that he had thought of it; for it seemed to render it more probable.“But, Joe.”“Yes, old chap.”“Here am I, getting on in the first year of my time, and, since the day of my being bound, I have never thanked Miss Havisham, or asked after her, or shown that I remember her.”“That's true, Pip; and unless you was to turn her out a set of shoes all four round⁠—and which I meantersay as even a set of shoes all four round might not be acceptable as a present, in a total wacancy of hoofs⁠—”“I don't mean that sort of remembrance, Joe; I don't mean a present.”But Joe had got the idea of a present in his head and must harp upon it. “Or even,” said he, “if you was helped to knocking her up a new chain for the front door⁠—or say a gross or two of shark-headed screws for general use⁠—or some light fancy article, such as a toasting-fork when she took her muffins⁠—or a gridiron when she took a sprat or suchlike⁠—”“I don't mean any present at all, Joe,” I interposed.“Well,” said Joe, still harping on it as though I had particularly pressed it, “if I was yourself, Pip, I wouldn't. No, I would not. For what's a door-chain when she's got one always up? And shark-headers is open to misrepresentations. And if it was a toasting-fork, you'd go into brass and do yourself no credit. And the oncommonest workman can't show himself oncommon in a gridiron⁠—for a gridiron is a gridiron,” said Joe, steadfastly impressing it upon me, as if he were endeavouring to rouse me from a fixed delusion, “and you may haim at what you like, but a gridiron it will come out, either by your leave or again your leave, and you can't help yourself⁠—”“My dear Joe,” I cried, in desperation, taking hold of his coat, “don't go on in that way. I never thought of making Miss Havisham any present.”“No, Pip,” Joe assented, as if he had been contending for that, all along; “and what I say to you is, you are right, Pip.”“Yes, Joe; but what I wanted to say, was, that as we are rather slack just now, if you would give me a half-holiday tomorrow, I think I would go uptown and make a call on Miss Est⁠—Havisham.”“Which her name,” said Joe, gravely, “ain't Estavisham, Pip, unless she have been rechris'ened.”“I know, Joe, I know. It was a slip of mine. What do you think of it, Joe?”In brief, Joe thought that if I thought well of it, he thought well of it. But, he was particular in stipulating that if I were not received with cordiality, or if I were not encouraged to repeat my visit as a visit which had no ulterior object but was simply one of gratitude for a favor received, then this experimental trip should have no successor. By these conditions I promised to abide.Now, Joe kept a journeyman at weekly wages whose name was Orlick. He pretended that his Christian name was Dolge⁠—a clear Impossibility⁠—but he was a fellow of that obstinate disposition that I believe him to have been the prey of no delusion in this particular, but wilfully to have imposed that name upon the village as an affront to its understanding. He was a broadshouldered loose-limbed swarthy fellow of great strength, never in a hurry, and always slouching. He never even seemed to come to his work on purpose, but would slouch in as if by mere accident; and when he went to the Jolly Bargemen to eat his dinner, or went away at night, he would slouch out, like Cain or the Wandering Jew, as if he had no idea where he was going and no intention of ever coming back. He lodged at a sluice-keeper's out on the marshes, and on working-days would come slouching from his hermitage, with his hands in his pockets and his dinner loosely tied in a bundle round his neck and dangling on his back. On Sundays he mostly lay all day on the sluice-gates, or stood against ricks and barns. He always slouched, locomotively, with his eyes on the ground; and, when accosted or otherwise required to raise them, he looked up in a half-resentful, half-puzzled way, as though the only thought he ever had was, that it was rather an odd and injurious fact that he should never be thinking.This morose journeyman had no liking for me. When I was very small and timid, he gave me to understand that the Devil lived in a black corner of the forge, and that he knew the fiend very well: also that it was necessary to make up the fire, once in seven years, with a live boy, and that I might consider myself fuel. When I became Joe's 'prentice, Orlick was perhaps confirmed in some suspicion that I should displace him; howbeit, he liked me still less. Not that he ever said anything, or did anything, openly importing hostility; I only noticed that he always beat his sparks in my direction, and that whenever I sang Old Clem, he came in out of time.Dolge Orlick was at work and present, next day, when I reminded Joe of my half-holiday. He said nothing at the moment, for he and Joe had just got a piece of hot iron between them, and I was at the bellows; but by and by he said, leaning on his hammer⁠—“Now, master! Sure you're not a going to favor only one of us. If Young Pip has a half-holiday, do as much for Old Orlick.” I suppose he was about five-and-twenty, but he usually spoke of himself as an ancient person.“Why, what'll you do with a half-holiday, if you get it?” said Joe.“What'll I do with it! What'll he do with it? I'll do as much with it as him,” said Orlick.“As to Pip, he's going up town,” said Joe.“Well then, as to Old Orlick, he's a going up town,” retorted that worthy. “Two can go up town. Tain't only one wot can go up town.”“Don't lose your temper,” said Joe.“Shall if I like,” growled Orlick. “Some and their uptowning! Now, master! Come. No favoring in this shop. Be a man!”The master refusing to entertain the subject until the journeyman was in a better temper, Orlick plunged at the furnace, drew out a red-hot bar, made at me with it as if he were going to run it through my body, whisked it round my head, laid it on the anvil, hammered it out⁠—as if it were I, I thought, and the sparks were my spirting blood⁠—and finally said, when he had hammered himself hot and the iron cold, and he again leaned on his hammer⁠—“Now, master!”“Are you all right now?” demanded Joe.“Ah! I am all right,” said gruff Old Orlick.“Then, as in general you stick to your work as well as most men,” said Joe, “let it be a half-holiday for all.”My sister had been standing silent in the yard, within hearing⁠—she was a most unscrupulous spy and listener⁠—and she instantly looked in at one of the windows.“Like you, you fool!” said she to Joe, “giving holidays to great idle hulkers like that. You are a rich man, upon my life, to waste wages in that way. I wish I was his master!”“You'd be everybody's master, if you durst,” retorted Orlick, with an ill-favored grin.(“Let her alone,” said Joe.)“I'd be a match for all noodles and all rogues,” returned my sister, beginning to work herself into a mighty rage. “And I couldn't be a match for the noodles, without being a match for your master, who's the dunder-headed king of the noodles. And I couldn't be a match for the rogues, without being a match for you, who are the blackest-looking and the worst rogue between this and France. Now!”“You're a foul shrew, Mother Gargery,” growled the journeyman. “If that makes a judge of rogues, you ought to be a good'un.”(“Let her alone, will you?” said Joe.)“What did you say?” cried my sister, beginning to scream. “What did you say? What did that fellow Orlick say to me, Pip? What did he call me, with my husband standing by? Oh! oh! oh!” Each of these exclamations was a shriek; and I must remark of my sister, what is equally true of all the violent women I have ever seen, that passion was no excuse for her, because it is undeniable that instead of lapsing into passion, she consciously and deliberately took extraordinary pains to force herself into it, and became blindly furious by regular stages; “what was the name he gave me before the base man who swore to defend me? Oh! Hold me! Oh!”“Ah-h-h!” growled the journeyman, between his teeth, “I'd hold you, if you was my wife. I'd hold you under the pump, and choke it out of you.”(“I tell you, let her alone,” said Joe.)“Oh! To hear him!” cried my sister, with a clap of her hands and a scream together⁠—which was her next stage. “To hear the names he's giving me! That Orlick! In my own house! Me, a married woman! With my husband standing by! Oh! Oh!” Here my sister, after a fit of clappings and screamings, beat her hands upon her bosom and upon her knees, and threw her cap off, and pulled her hair down⁠—which were the last stages on her road to frenzy. Being by this time a perfect Fury and a complete success, she made a dash at the door which I had fortunately locked.What could the wretched Joe do now, after his disregarded parenthetical interruptions, but stand up to his journeyman, and ask him what he meant by interfering betwixt himself and Mrs. Joe; and further whether he was man enough to come on? Old Orlick felt that the situation admitted of nothing less than coming on, and was on his defence straightway; so, without so much as pulling off their singed and burnt aprons, they went at one another, like two giants. But, if any man in that neighborhood could stand uplong against Joe, I never saw the man. Orlick, as if he had been of no more account than the pale young gentleman, was very soon among the coal dust, and in no hurry to come out of it. Then Joe unlocked the door and picked up my sister, who had dropped insensible at the window (but who had seen the fight first, I think), and who was carried into the house and laid down, and who was recommended to revive, and would do nothing but struggle and clench her hands in Joe's hair. Then came that singular calm and silence which succeed all uproars; and then, with the vague sensation which I have always connected with such a lull⁠—namely, that it was Sunday, and somebody was dead⁠—I went upstairs to dress myself.When I came down again, I found Joe and Orlick sweeping up, without any other traces of discomposure than a slit in one of Orlick's nostrils, which was neither expressive nor ornamental. A pot of beer had appeared from the Jolly Bargemen, and they were sharing it by turns in a peaceable manner. The lull had a sedative and philosophical influence on Joe, who followed me out into the road to say, as a parting observation that might do me good, “On the rampage, Pip, and off the rampage, Pip:⁠—such is Life!”With what absurd emotions (for we think the feelings that are very serious in a man quite comical in a boy) I found myself again going to Miss Havisham's, matters little here. Nor, how I passed and repassed the gate many times before I could make up my mind to ring. Nor, how I debated whether I should go away without ringing; nor, how I should undoubtedly have gone, if my time had been my own, to come back.Miss Sarah Pocket came to the gate. No Estella.“How, then? You here again?” said Miss Pocket. “What do you want?”When I said that I only came to see how Miss Havisham was, Sarah evidently deliberated whether or no she should send me about my business. But unwilling to hazard the responsibility, she let me in, and presently brought the sharp message that I was to “come up.”Everything was unchanged, and Miss Havisham was alone.“Well?” said she, fixing her eyes upon me. “I hope you want nothing? You'll get nothing.”“No indeed, Miss Havisham. I only wanted you to know that I am doing very well in my apprenticeship, and am always much obliged to you.”“There, there!” with the old restless fingers. “Come now and then; come on your birthday.⁠—Ay!” she cried suddenly, turning herself and her chair towards me, “You are looking round for Estella? Hey?”I had been looking round⁠—in fact, for Estella⁠—and I stammered that I hoped she was well.“Abroad,” said Miss Havisham; “educating for a lady; far out of reach; prettier than ever; admired by all who see her. Do you feel that you have lost her?”There was such a malignant enjoyment in her utterance of the last words, and she broke into such a disagreeable laugh, that I was at a loss what to say. She spared me the trouble of considering, by dismissing me. When the gate was closed upon me by Sarah of the walnut-shell countenance, I felt more than ever dissatisfied with my home and with my trade and with everything; and that was all I took by that motion.As I was loitering along the High Street, looking in disconsolately at the shop windows, and thinking what I would buy if I were a gentleman, who should come out of the bookshop but Mr. Wopsle. Mr. Wopsle had in his hand the affecting tragedy of George Barnwell, in which he had that moment invested sixpence, with the view of heaping every word of it on the head of Pumblechook, with whom he was going to drink tea. No sooner did he see me, than he appeared to consider that a special Providence had put a 'prentice in his way to be read at; and he laid hold of me, and insisted on my accompanying him to the Pumblechookian parlor. As I knew it would be miserable at home, and as the nights were dark and the way was dreary, and almost any companionship on the road was better than none, I made no great resistance; consequently, we turned into Pumblechook's just as the street and the shops were lighting up.As I never assisted at any other representation of George Barnwell, I don't know how long it may usually take; but I know very well that it took until half-past nine o' clock that night, and that when Mr. Wopsle got into Newgate, I thought he never would go to the scaffold, he became so much slower than at any former period of his disgraceful career. I thought it a little too much that he should complain of being cut short in his flower after all, as if he had not been running to seed, leaf after leaf, ever since his course began. This, however, was a mere question of length and wearisomeness. What stung me, was the identification of the whole affair with my unoffending self. When Barnwell began to go wrong, I declare that I felt positively apologetic, Pumblechook's indignant stare so taxed me with it. Wopsle, too, took pains to present me in the worst light. At once ferocious and maudlin, I was made to murder my uncle with no extenuating circumstances whatever; Millwood put me down in argument, on every occasion; it became sheer monomania in my master's daughter to care a button for me; and all I can say for my gasping and procrastinating conduct on the fatal morning, is, that it was worthy of the general feebleness of my character. Even after I was happily hanged and Wopsle had closed the book, Pumblechook sat staring at me, and shaking his head, and saying, “Take warning, boy, take warning!” as if it were a well-known fact that I contemplated murdering a near relation, provided I could only induce one to have the weakness to become my benefactor.It was a very dark night when it was all over, and when I set out with Mr. Wopsle on the walk home. Beyond town, we found a heavy mist out, and it fell wet and thick. The turnpike lamp was a blur, quite out of the lamp's usual place apparently, and its rays looked solid substance on the fog. We were noticing this, and saying how that the mist rose with a change of wind from a certain quarter of our marshes, when we came upon a man, slouching under the lee of the turnpike house.“Halloa!” we said, stopping. “Orlick there?”“Ah!” he answered, slouching out. “I was standing by a minute, on the chance of company.”“You are late,” I remarked.Orlick not unnaturally answered, “Well? And you're late.”“We have been,” said Mr. Wopsle, exalted with his late performance⁠—“we have been indulging, Mr. Orlick, in an intellectual evening.”Old Orlick growled, as if he had nothing to say about that, and we all went on together. I asked him presently whether he had been spending his half-holiday up and down town?“Yes,” said he, “all of it. I come in behind yourself. I didn't see you, but I must have been pretty close behind you. By the by, the guns is going again.”“At the hulks?” said I.“Ay! There's some of the birds flown from the cages. The guns have been going since dark, about. You'll hear one presently.”In effect, we had not walked many yards further, when the well-remembered boom came towards us, deadened by the mist, and heavily rolled away along the low grounds by the river, as if it were pursuing and threatening the fugitives.“A good night for cutting off in,” said Orlick. “We'd be puzzled how to bring down a jailbird on the wing, tonight.”The subject was a suggestive one to me, and I thought about it in silence. Mr. Wopsle, as the ill-requited uncle of the evening's tragedy, fell to meditating aloud in his garden at Camberwell. Orlick, with his hands in his pockets, slouched heavily at my side. It was very dark, very wet, very muddy, and so we splashed along. Now and then, the sound of the signal cannon broke upon us again, and again rolled sulkily along the course of the river. I kept myself to myself and my thoughts. Mr. Wopsle died amiably at Camberwell, and exceedingly game on Bosworth Field, and in the greatest agonies at Glastonbury. Orlick sometimes growled, “Beat it out, beat it out⁠—Old Clem! With a clink for the stout⁠—Old Clem!” I thought he had been drinking, but he was not drunk.Thus, we came to the village. The way by which we approached it took us past the Three Jolly Bargemen, which we were surprised to find⁠—it being eleven o'clock⁠—in a state of commotion, with the door wide open, and unwonted lights that had been hastily caught up and put down scattered about. Mr. Wopsle dropped in to ask what was the matter (surmising that a convict had been taken), but came running out in a great hurry.“There's something wrong,” said he, without stopping, “up at your place, Pip. Run all!”“What is it?” I asked, keeping up with him. So did Orlick, at my side.“I can't quite understand. The house seems to have been violently entered when Joe Gargery was out. Supposed by convicts. Somebody has been attacked and hurt.”We were running too fast to admit of more being said, and we made no stop until we got into our kitchen. It was full of people; the whole village was there, or in the yard; and there was a surgeon, and there was Joe, and there were a group of women, all on the floor in the midst of the kitchen. The unemployed bystanders drew back when they saw me, and so I became aware of my sister⁠—lying without sense or movement on the bare boards where she had been knocked down by a tremendous blow on the back of the head, dealt by some unknown hand when her face was turned towards the fire⁠—destined never to be on the rampage again, while she was the wife of Joe. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit greatexpectations.substack.com

Dan Jones' second book, the 2012 title 'The Plantagenets: The Warrior Kings and Queens Who Made England' spans the nearly three centuries of the dynasty from the reign of William the Conqueror's great-grandson Henry II (1154-1189) to its end with the death of Richard III (1452-1485) at the Battle of Bosworth Field. If you can keep all the various kings Henry, Richard, and Edward straight, 'The Plantagenets' is a story filled with drama, intrigue, and battle. Here is Eleanor of Aquitaine and her sons Richard the Lionheart (1157-1199) and John I (1166-1216). This is the period of English history which made Magna Carta necessary in 1215, and which saw the formation of what we now know of as the British Parliament, and which saw the idea form and face testing that even the monarch must himself be subject to the laws of God. Here are found the armies of Edward Longshanks (1239-1307) facing off against the Scots led by William Wallace, concluding with the arrest and public execution of that man, and the reassertion of Scottish independence under Robert I (1274-1329). So also, here is the back and forth of fighting, sometimes alongside, sometimes against, the kings of France across the English Channel. This is the period of the Crusades, with Knights Templar - which Dan Jones deals with more fully in another work focused entirely on their order - facilitating the transfer of men and arms and money and information to fight the armies of Islam for the Holy Land. So also, this is the time of the Black Death and struggles between Rome and the kings of Europe for who should wield ultimate authority in matters both ecclesiastical and civil. This then is the setup for the showdown which happened during the reign of the second king in the Tudor line which immediately followed the Plantagenets, Henry VIII (1491-1547), with the breaking away of the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church in 1534. That is to say that the 269-years in which the House of Plantagenet ruled and reigned - longer, it should be noted, than the 246-years in which this American Republic has now stood - should be seen as the prologue for the wars of religion and debates about separation of powers which themselves culminated in the American Revolution and the founding of the United States of America in 1776 out of thirteen British colonies which held that their king had broken faith and was trampling on their rights as Englishmen. With the history of both Plantagenet and Tudor monarchs still fresh and doubtless in mind, Scottish minister and theologian Samuel Rutherford wrote 'Lex Rex' in 1644 asserting in no uncertain terms that even the king must be subject to the Natural Law, or God's Law. What is more, if or when the king failed and refused to be so subject, it was not only the right of his Christian subjects, but even their responsibility and duty to provide accountability up to and including unmaking him king over them, just as kings of Israel are said to have been made by the assembled people of that nation. The king then cannot just declare traitor anyone who seeks to provide said accountability, taking their lands and disposing of them and their wives and children however suits his imagination. No, there must be both a separation of powers and a system of checks and balances. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/garrett-ashley-mullet/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/garrett-ashley-mullet/support

A read through and discussion of Bosworth Field, a narrative poem by Sir John Beaumont published posthumously in 1629, telling the events of the battle of Bosworth in 1485. The poem isn't split into parts, and some of the splits are inexact, but roughly the readers were Eric Karoulla as Henry VI, Brakenbury, Ferrers, Talbot, Bourchier, Clifton; Liza Graham  as Norfolk, Stanley, Richmond, Percy, Surrey, Scout, Byron, Catesby; Emma Kemp as narrator for Richard's forces; Gina Moravec as Richard, Oxford, Hungerford. The host was Robert Crighton, who also read narration from the side of Richmond's forces. This continues our exploration of history plays/texts - especially on Richard III. Continue the journey with our work on The True Tragedy of Richard III - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5VTVSKpMIFI&list=PLflmEwgdfKoLqof8eUWJU5EEJXr93e56y Or, The Ghost of Richard III - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G0DblYYO8cQ Or, our discussing episode on Ghost - https://audioboom.com/posts/7633017-discussing-the-ghost-of-richard-iii-by-christopher-brooke Or, The Rising to the Crown of Richard III by himself - https://audioboom.com/posts/7676039-the-rising-to-the-crown-of-richard-iii-by-himself-via-giles-fletcher The Beyond Shakespeare Podcast is supported by its patrons – become a patron and you get to choose the plays we work on next. Go to www.patreon.com/beyondshakespeare - or if you'd like to buy us a coffee at ko-fi https://ko-fi.com/beyondshakespeare - or if you want to give us some feedback, email us at admin@beyondshakespeare.org, follow us on Twitter, Facebook & Instagram @BeyondShakes or go to our website: https://beyondshakespeare.org You can also subscribe to our YouTube channel where (most of) our exploring sessions live - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCLa4pXxGZFwTX4QSaB5XNdQ The Beyond Shakespeare Podcast is hosted and produced by Robert Crighton

The Tudors are probably the most famous, the most talked about royal dynasty in England or, indeed, in Britain's history.Yet they did not arrive on the throne through the natural line of succession.Their arrival was entirely due to victory on the battlefield during the medieval civil war known as the Wars of the Roses.In 1485, Henry Tudor defeated King Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field.And yet how legitimate was his claim to the throne?AndHow secure was his grip on power?In this episode I uncover the answer to both of those questions...Join my Supporter's ClubSupport the show

Jason gives you a quick overview of the Battle of Bosworth Field. Read the essay here: https://historywiththeszilagyis.org/hwts039 Find us on Twitter:The Network: @UFPEarth. The Show: @SzilagyiHistory.Chrissie: @TheGoddessLivia. Jason: @JasonDarkElf.Join us in the Federation Council Chambers on Facebook. Send topic suggestions via Twitter or to hwts@ufp.earth. Support our historical work here: patreon.com/historywiththeszilagyisSuggested Reading John Ashdown-Hill. The Last Days of Richard III and the Fate of his DNA: The Book that Inspired the Dig.Terry Breverton. Henry VII: The Maligned Tudor King.Dan Jones. The Plantagenets. Michael Jones. Bosworth 1485: Psychology of a Battle.Thomas Penn. The Brothers York: A Royal Tragedy.William Shakespeare. Richard III.Gladys Templeton. Henry VIIAllison Weir. Richard III and the Princes in the Tower.Allison Weir. The Princes in the Tower.Allison Weir. The Wars of the Roses.United Federation of Podcasts is brought to you by our listeners. Special thanks to these patrons on Patreon whose generous contributions help to produce this podcast and the many others on our network! Tim CooperDavid WillettJustin OserCasey PettittChrissie De Clerck-SzilagyiJim StoffelMahendran RadhakrishnanJim McMahonVictor GamboaVera BibleTom Van ScotterGreg MolumbyKevin ScharfAlexander GatesFit RogersTom ElliotThad HaitJoe MignoneAnn MarieJosh BrewingtonYou can join this illustrious list by becoming a patron here: https://www.patreon.com/ufpearth

Exploring what fun historical event took place on this day

Richard III was the last of the Plantagenets.  He was killed by his rival Henry VII in 1485 at the battle of Bosworth Field.  He has come down in history as a monster, thanks to Shakespeare and a Tudor propaganda campaign.   This is the story of his life and what happened after his death and how he has received some modest rehabilitation. It is also the story of his body, how it was lost, and recovered. I once was asked to deliver a sermon reflecting on the life of Richard.  The sermon is included.  It is the only sermon I have ever delivered, and the only one I will ever deliver. This is an unusual podcast, but perhaps an entertaining one. 

On August 22, 1485, King Richard III died in the Battle of Bosworth Field. This was one of the most important battles in British history as it marked the end of the dynasty of the House of York and the beginning of the Tudor dynasty. King Richard III lost the York dynasty when he lost his life, he lost his life when he lost the battle, and he lost the battle when he lost his horse. In William Shakespeare’s play “Richard III” King Richard shouts as he is dying “A Horse! A Horse! My Kingdom for a Horse!” (Act V, Scene 4).  People also remember this battle with another verse: “Because of the nail the shoe was lost, because of the shoe the horse was lost, because of the horse the battle was lost, because of the battle the kingdom was lost; all was lost because of one horseshoe nail”... Support the show (https://www.holycrossmelkite.org/donate)

The famous 1537 portrait of the Tudor Dynasty included dynasty founders Henry VII and Elizabeth and current leaders Henry VIII and Jane Seymour. It also included an altar that posed the question: who, father or son, deserves to be recognized as preeminent?Henry VIII definitely chooses himself. But is he right?Returning from 14 years in exile, Henry Tudor claimed the throne, rallied support from discontented nobles, and hired mercenaries. Against all odds, the exile and his army of mercenaries and malcontents defeated the brilliant warrior Richard III and his royal forces at Bosworth Field. Henry Tudor became King of England.But becoming King and remaining King were two different things. To secure his reign, Henry Tudor created a narrative that put him on the throne the day before Bosworth and made Richard and his followers traitors fighting against the King.  He came up with a stunning successful emblem to symbolize all of this: the Tudor rose. Then Henry VII stamped that Tudor rose all over London.He created a council of professionals rather than nobles. He married his children into the major royal families of Europe, creating important alliances. He embarked on building projects, including the Lady Chapel of Westminster Abbey. He increased royal income, creating a surplus for his successor. And at his death, he passed along the crown in the most peaceful and successful transition of power in nearly 100 years. He wasn't as famous as his son, but that might be a good thing.Henry VIII turned the Kingdom upside down and put England on the world map with his marital misadvantures. Sometime rival Francis I remarked "The Queen that now is?" when he heard Henry was ending another marriage (at that point, it was Anne of Cleves). He married more times than any other monarch, and is the only King to behead any wives, let alone two of them. But that's not all Henry is known for.As part of his marriage-go-round, he found himself unable to convince the Pope to annul his current marriage. So he broke with Rome and declared himself Supreme Head of the Church of England. His own beliefs were still primarily Catholic, but this step opened the door to significant religious reform in the future.He also created the Royal Navy, forming the foundation of the force Elizabeth I would use to fight off the Spanish Armada. He embarked on amazing building projects such as Hampton Court Palace, which can be visited today. He collected tapestries and jewels and promoted English magnificence and his image in ways that are burned into our consciousness.So...which Henry did most?

Welcome to the Instant Trivia podcast episode 30, where we ask the best trivia on the Internet. Round 1. Category: Yesterday 1: Zulu Prince Shaka conquered much of southern Africa when he adapted this throwing weapon for stabbing Spear. 2: He first led his red-shirted Italian legion in the 1840s, fighting for Uruguay against Argentina Giuseppe Garibaldi. 3: In 1915 this Michigan industrialist chartered a "peace ship" and sailed off to stop WWI Henry Ford. 4: An April 1971 visit by a team of players of this game was part of a thaw in U.S.-China relations Ping-pong (table tennis). 5: This British naval hero lost an eye during the capture of Corsica in 1794 Lord Nelson. Round 2. Category: Doesn't Rhyme With Squat 1: In "Camelot", he has a romance with Guenevere King Arthur. 2: It makes up half of the Morse Code letter "N" Dash. 3: In Genesis, he split with his kinsman because Canaan wasn't big enough for both of them Abram. 4: It's one of the words that form the contraction "won't" Will. 5: One of your choices when your sink has 2 knobs to turn on the water Cold. Round 3. Category: Musical Venues 1: Chicago's area for this genre moved from the south side to north side clubs like Kingston Mines Blues. 2: In 1925 this famed piano company opened a concert hall on 57th Street in New York City Steinway. 3: Saint-Saens and Faure were organists at Paris' La Madeleine, the church of this Biblical woman Mary Magdalene. 4: This crowd-pleasing group has performed on the Charles River Esplanade since July 4, 1929 The Boston Pops. 5: When Bruce Springsteen opened this L.A. arena, he said he thought he was playing an office supplies store Staples Center. Round 4. Category: "Field" Of Dreams 1: England's Wars of the Roses ended there Bosworth Field. 2: It's gray or brown and 2-5 inches long not counting the tail fieldmouse. 3: The highest rank in the British army field marshal. 4: Binoculars field glasses. 5: Sport in which 2 teams use curved sticks to hit a ball into their opponents' goal field hockey. Round 5. Category: Rated Pg 1: In 2002 Freddie Prinze Jr. went to the dogs in this film Scooby-Doo. 2: The 4 main food groups where Will Ferrell comes from in this film are candy, candy canes, candy corn and syrup Elf. 3: "Save the world. Get the girl. Pass math" was a tagline for this 2003 Frankie Muniz pic Agent Cody Banks. 4: Lindsay Curtis and Jamie Lee Lohan--wait, switch those last names--starred in this 2003 remake Freaky Friday. 5: Kingdom of Far Far AwayÂ… Hello! Larry King voices an ugly stepsister in this sequel Shrek 2. Thanks for listening! Come back tomorrow for more exciting trivia! was here

On this day in Tudor history, 30th October 1600, Queen Elizabeth I refused to renew Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex’s monopoly on sweet wines, saying that “an unruly horse must be abated of his provender, that he may be the easier and better managed.” It may not sound like a major event, but it was for Essex and it drove him to desperation and, ultimately, to the scaffold. Why? What was going on? How could the queen's refusal to renew this monopoly lead to Essex's undoing? Find out what was happened in 1600 and what happened next with the queen and her favourite, in today's talk from author and historian Claire Ridgway. You can see this podcast as a video at the following link:https://youtu.be/9VN9mBBE_00 Also on this day in Tudor history, 30th October 1485, Henry Tudor, 2nd Earl of Richmond and son of Lady Margaret Beaufort and the late Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond, was crowned King Henry VII at Westminster Abbey in London. Henry VII had, of course, become king following the defeat of King Richard III's forces, and the death of Richard, at the Battle of Bosworth Field in August 1485. Find out about his coronation celebrations and his mother Lady Margaret Beaufort's reaction to his coronation, in last year’s video - https://youtu.be/jQParnK6WWo  More videos about Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex:April 15 - The beginning of the end for Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex - https://youtu.be/qUWCwqudEzo September 28 - Essex sees Elizabeth I without her mask of youth - https://youtu.be/m4Zlq8Ctm4w 25th February - The execution of Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex - https://youtu.be/lQ0nFNgD74s 13th March- The hangings of conspirators Henry Cuffe and Sir Gelly Meyrick - https://youtu.be/igmANyHYDTw  Claire is the founder of the Tudor Society, an online membership site for those who love Tudor history. There, you can learn from Claire and many other expert historians and authors, enjoy Tudor-focused magazines and live Q&A sessions with experts, and have access to all kinds of talks, articles, quizzes, virtual tours and more. Try it with a 14-day free trial - https://www.tudorsociety.com/signup/ Claire has written some bestselling Tudor history books: On This Day in Tudor History - https://amzn.to/3oceahHThe Fall of Anne Boleyn: A Countdown - https://amzn.to/3m8KaSiGeorge Boleyn: Tudor Poet, Courtier and Diplomat - https://amzn.to/2TdwyZrThe Anne Boleyn Collection - https://amzn.to/3kiQc1TThe Anne Boleyn Collection II - https://amzn.to/3o9LUwiThe Anne Boleyn Collection III - https://amzn.to/3kiQc1TThe Life of Anne Boleyn Colouring Books - https://amzn.to/3jkJ5Vz Claire has also done an online history course, The Life of Anne Boleyn, for MedievalCourses.com - https://medievalcourses.com/overview/life-anne-boleyn-mc06/ You can find Claire at:https://www.theanneboleynfiles.com https://www.tudorsociety.comhttps://www.facebook.com/theanneboleynfiles/https://www.facebook.com/tudorsociety/https://twitter.com/AnneBoleynFiles https://twitter.com/thetudorsociety https://www.instagram.com/tudor.society/ https://www.instagram.com/anneboleynfiles/

On August 22, 1485, Richard III was defeated at the Battle of Bosworth Field marking the end of Plantegant rule and marking the start of the Tudor dynasty.How would near-term English and world history have differed with no Henry VIII or Queen Elizabeth, all the outcomes of the rise of the Tudors? Helpful Weblinks:Battle of Bosworth: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Bosworth_FieldRichard III: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_III_of_EnglandJoanna of Portugal: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joanna,_Princess_of_PortugalListeners can get a FREE audiobook with theirFREE 30-Day Trial Membership from Audible CLICK HEREWebsite: www.aforkintimepodcast.comE-Mail: aforkintimepodcast@gmail.comDirect Link to Listener Survey: https://www.aforkintimepodcast.com/listenersurveyIf you enjoy the podcast, you can help by supporting us via Patreon.https://www.patreon.com/aforkintimeYou can follow A Fork In Time on….Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/aforkintimeTwitter: @AFITPodcastPinterest: www.pinterest.com/aforkintimeTheme Music: Conquer by Shane Ivers - https://www.silvermansound.comSupport the show (https://www.patreon.com/aforkintime)Instacart - Groceries delivered in as little as 1 hour. Free delivery on your first order over $35.Disclaimer: This post contains affiliate links. If you make a purchase, I may receive a commission at no extra cost to you.

On this day in Tudor history, 10th March 1513, magnate John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford, died at his home at Castle Hedingham in Essex. Oxford was a key figure in the Wars of the Roses and played an important role in the Battle of Bosworth Field. As Claire Ridgway, founder of the Tudor Society, talks about his life and career, you'll see just how complicated this civil war was.You can see this podcast as a video at the following link:https://youtu.be/T1gRn3pz2AAAlso on this day in Tudor history, 10 March 1524, King Henry VIII suffered a jousting accident. Find out exactly what happened in last year's video - https://youtu.be/EHgU6KxiVAU

On this day in Tudor history, 16th February 1495, Sir William Stanley, administrator and landowner, was executed for treason on Tower Hill. Stanley is, of course, remembered for his key role at the Battle of Bosworth Field in August 1485, when he and his brother chose to support Henry Tudor and brought their troops onto the battlefield at a critical stage. So how did Sir William Stanley go from being a loyal supporter of Henry VII to being executed for treason? Find out in today's talk from Claire Ridgway, author of several Tudor history books. You can see this podcast as a video at the following link:https://youtu.be/S1myYUnze7o Also on this day in Tudor history, 16th February 1547, the remains of King Henry VIII were buried at St George’s Chapel, Windsor Castle. Find out more in last year’s video - https://youtu.be/eKeNITPiQAk  You can find Claire at:https://www.theanneboleynfiles.com https://www.tudorsociety.comhttps://www.facebook.com/theanneboleynfiles/https://www.facebook.com/tudorsociety/https://twitter.com/AnneBoleynFiles https://twitter.com/thetudorsociety https://www.instagram.com/tudor.society/ https://www.instagram.com/anneboleynfiles/

On this day in Tudor history,18th January 1486, twenty-nine year-old King Henry VII married twenty year-old Elizabeth of York at Westminster Abbey. This was over two years after he had vowed to marry her and nearly 5 months after his victory at the Battle of Bosworth Field. Why did Henry VII delay in marrying Elizabeth of York?Find out what delayed the marriage, and more about the bride and groom, in today's talk from Claire Ridgway, author of "On This Day in Tudor History".You can see this podcast as a video at the following link:https://youtu.be/ZdB-GEwrt9QAlso on this day in Tudor history, 18th January 1510, King Henry VIII and twelve of his men disguised themselves as outlaws, or Robin Hood and his men, and surprised Queen Catherine and her ladies in the queen’s chamber. Find out more about what happened in last year's video - https://youtu.be/ph7t4jFZPKEYou can find Claire at:https://www.theanneboleynfiles.com https://www.tudorsociety.comhttps://www.facebook.com/theanneboleynfiles/https://www.facebook.com/tudorsociety/https://twitter.com/AnneBoleynFiles https://twitter.com/thetudorsociety https://www.instagram.com/tudor.society/ https://www.instagram.com/anneboleynfiles/

Welcome to Watching Brief. A monthly show available via podcast and as topical segments via YouTube. As the name implies, each month my co-host Andy Brockman of the Pipeline (Where history is tomorrow's news) and I cast an eye over news stories, topical media and entertainment and discuss and debate what we find.   Happy New Year 2020! Old Mort's Review of the Decade:   http://thepipeline.info/blog/2020/01/09/old-morts-review-of-the-decade/   Links: 05:12 – Budget Cuts & Crowd Funding Budget 2010: key points: https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2010/jun/22/budget-2010-key-points   Spending Review: Arts Council protected despite DCMS cuts: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-34923955 David Cameron, Cash for Acess and the Planning Lobby: https://www.heritagedaily.com/2012/03/david-cameron-cash-for-acess-and-the-planning-lobby Two Shoes! (Planning Policy Review): https://youtu.be/4VLL22mi-AY Northampton Sekhemka statue: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northampton_Sekhemka_statue?fbclid=IwAR0zMNBePVp3jUFiJyj0qKQC9oRdX6rlxCkdAViMgehuwMJ66eWhhL8wkPg 'D-Day' for Sekhemka Christie's Sale: https://youtu.be/kEtjBjqur5k Heritage Lottery Fund: https://www.heritagefund.org.uk/ Dig Ventures: https://digventures.com/ 18:40 - Fake Histories & The Rise of ‘Open’ Archaeology Ancient Aliens – Premiered in 2010: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Aliens A-Z of Archaeology: 'P - Pseudo-Archaeology': https://youtu.be/g5VyNIIEmvg Fake History, Fake News, 'Alternative' & Alt-Right Archaeology: https://youtu.be/YqgNYZ3HOUY Ancient DNA & Nationalism: https://youtu.be/anY3qK5q7PY 'Forbidden History' Rant: https://youtu.be/AYRWtlCBE2U Publication: Public Archaeology: Arts of Engagement   http://www.archaeopress.com/ArchaeopressShop/Public/download.asp?id={0CADA939-0400-4F32-881B-816E8C1907A0} 32:45 – The Development Dilemma & Large-Scale Archaeology Projects Watching Brief: Henges, Gas Holders & Planning Process: https://youtu.be/sG4Bw78wHGM Watching Brief: SOS Goodwin Sands (Dredging Archaeology & War Graves) - May 2017: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9jtoqIKQS2o Watching Brief: Historians Face 'Second Battle' at Bosworth Field!: https://youtu.be/T2yonZR6e5Y HS2 – Archaeology: https://www.hs2.org.uk/building-hs2/archaeology/   45:12 – Metal Detecting Rallies & The Success of the Portable Antiquities Scheme Fall Out from All Canning Metal Detecting Rally! https://youtu.be/oiLILfPhiHg Guidance for organisers of metal detecting rallies: https://finds.org.uk/getinvolved/guides/rallycode PAS Website: https://finds.org.uk/database REVIEW: AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL TAKE ON DETECTORISTS SERIES THREE [BBC4]: http://thepipeline.info/blog/2017/11/09/review-an-archaeological-take-on-detectorists-series-three-bbc4/ 01:02:26 – Harrassment, Bullying & Archaeology as Wellbeing Archaeology & Sexual Harassment: Archaeology Awards Ceremony Shame! - WB Special Bulletin: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7CzAfE89EX8&t   Cambridge sexual harassment researcher 'laughed at by men':   https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-50537720?fbclid=IwAR2jvx6HRQf6mzFM4t1AKDGUqE2Y0k-I2PeRMmTgPvG1NJDpVRvu7fQsIOs Sexual harassment is common in scientific fieldwork:   https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2014/07/sexual-harassment-common-scientific-fieldwork

Welcome to Watching Brief. A monthly show available via podcast and as topical segments via YouTube. As the name implies, each month my co-host Andy Brockman of the Pipeline (Where history is tomorrow's news) and I cast an eye over news stories, topical media and entertainment and discuss and debate what we find.   Happy New Year 2020! Old Mort's Review of the Decade:   http://thepipeline.info/blog/2020/01/09/old-morts-review-of-the-decade/   Links: 05:12 – Budget Cuts & Crowd Funding Budget 2010: key points: https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2010/jun/22/budget-2010-key-points   Spending Review: Arts Council protected despite DCMS cuts: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-34923955 David Cameron, Cash for Acess and the Planning Lobby: https://www.heritagedaily.com/2012/03/david-cameron-cash-for-acess-and-the-planning-lobby Two Shoes! (Planning Policy Review): https://youtu.be/4VLL22mi-AY Northampton Sekhemka statue: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northampton_Sekhemka_statue?fbclid=IwAR0zMNBePVp3jUFiJyj0qKQC9oRdX6rlxCkdAViMgehuwMJ66eWhhL8wkPg 'D-Day' for Sekhemka Christie's Sale: https://youtu.be/kEtjBjqur5k Heritage Lottery Fund: https://www.heritagefund.org.uk/ Dig Ventures: https://digventures.com/ 18:40 - Fake Histories & The Rise of ‘Open' Archaeology Ancient Aliens – Premiered in 2010: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Aliens A-Z of Archaeology: 'P - Pseudo-Archaeology': https://youtu.be/g5VyNIIEmvg Fake History, Fake News, 'Alternative' & Alt-Right Archaeology: https://youtu.be/YqgNYZ3HOUY Ancient DNA & Nationalism: https://youtu.be/anY3qK5q7PY 'Forbidden History' Rant: https://youtu.be/AYRWtlCBE2U Publication: Public Archaeology: Arts of Engagement   http://www.archaeopress.com/ArchaeopressShop/Public/download.asp?id={0CADA939-0400-4F32-881B-816E8C1907A0} 32:45 – The Development Dilemma & Large-Scale Archaeology Projects Watching Brief: Henges, Gas Holders & Planning Process: https://youtu.be/sG4Bw78wHGM Watching Brief: SOS Goodwin Sands (Dredging Archaeology & War Graves) - May 2017: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9jtoqIKQS2o Watching Brief: Historians Face 'Second Battle' at Bosworth Field!: https://youtu.be/T2yonZR6e5Y HS2 – Archaeology: https://www.hs2.org.uk/building-hs2/archaeology/   45:12 – Metal Detecting Rallies & The Success of the Portable Antiquities Scheme Fall Out from All Canning Metal Detecting Rally! https://youtu.be/oiLILfPhiHg Guidance for organisers of metal detecting rallies: https://finds.org.uk/getinvolved/guides/rallycode PAS Website: https://finds.org.uk/database REVIEW: AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL TAKE ON DETECTORISTS SERIES THREE [BBC4]: http://thepipeline.info/blog/2017/11/09/review-an-archaeological-take-on-detectorists-series-three-bbc4/ 01:02:26 – Harrassment, Bullying & Archaeology as Wellbeing Archaeology & Sexual Harassment: Archaeology Awards Ceremony Shame! - WB Special Bulletin: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7CzAfE89EX8&t   Cambridge sexual harassment researcher 'laughed at by men':   https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-50537720?fbclid=IwAR2jvx6HRQf6mzFM4t1AKDGUqE2Y0k-I2PeRMmTgPvG1NJDpVRvu7fQsIOs Sexual harassment is common in scientific fieldwork:   https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2014/07/sexual-harassment-common-scientific-fieldwork

The House of Plantagenet[nb 1] (/plænˈtædʒənɪt/) was a royal house which originated from the lands of Anjou in France. The name Plantagenet is used by modern historians to identify four distinct royal houses: the Angevins, who were also counts of Anjou; the main body of the Plantagenets following the loss of Anjou; and the Plantagenets' two cadet branches, the houses of Lancaster and York. The family held the English throne from 1154, with the accession of Henry II, until 1485, when Richard III died in battle. Under the Plantagenets, England was transformed – although this was only partly intentional. The Plantagenet kings were often forced to negotiate compromises such as the Magna Carta. These constrained royal power in return for financial and military support. The king was no longer just the most powerful man in the nation, holding the prerogative of judgement, feudal tribute and warfare. He now had defined duties to the realm, underpinned by a sophisticated justice system. A distinct national identity was shaped by conflict with the French, Scots, Welsh and Irish, and the establishment of English as the primary language. In the 15th century, the Plantagenets were defeated in the Hundred Years' War and beset with social, political and economic problems. Popular revolts were commonplace, triggered by the denial of numerous freedoms. English nobles raised private armies, engaged in private feuds and openly defied Henry VI. The rivalry between the House of Plantagenet's two cadet branches of York and Lancaster brought about the Wars of the Roses, a decades-long fight for the English succession, culminating in the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485, when the reign of the Plantagenets and the English Middle Ages both met their end with the death of King Richard III. Henry VII, of Lancastrian descent, became king of England; five months later, he married Elizabeth of York, thus ending the Wars of the Roses, and giving rise to the Tudor dynasty. The Tudors worked to centralise English royal power, which allowed them to avoid some of the problems that had plagued the last Plantagenet rulers. The resulting stability allowed for the English Renaissance, and the advent of early modern Britain. Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York, adopted Plantagenet as his family name in the 15th century. Plantegenest (or Plante Genest) had been a 12th-century nickname for his ancestor Geoffrey, Count of Anjou and Duke of Normandy. One of many popular theories suggests the common broom, planta genista in medieval Latin, as the source of the nickname. It is uncertain why Richard chose this specific name, although during the Wars of the Roses it emphasised Richard's status as Geoffrey's patrilineal descendant. The retrospective usage of the name for all of Geoffrey's male-line descendants was popular during the subsequent Tudor dynasty, perhaps encouraged by the further legitimacy it gave to Richard's great-grandson, Henry VIII. It was only in the late 17th century that it passed into common usage among historians. Angevin is French for "from Anjou". The three Angevin kings were Henry II, Richard I and John. "Angevin" can also refer to the period of history in which they reigned. Many historians identify the Angevins as a distinct English royal house. "Angevin" is also used in reference to any sovereign or government derived from Anjou. As a noun, it refers to any native of Anjou or an Angevin ruler, and specifically to other counts and dukes of Anjou, including the ancestors of the three kings who formed the English royal house; their cousins, who held the crown of Jerusalem; and to unrelated members of the French royal family who were later granted the titles and formed different dynasties, such as the Capetian House of Anjou and the Valois House of Anjou. Consequently, there is disagreement between those who consider Henry III to be the first Plantagenet monarch, and those who do not distinguish between Angevins and Plantagenets and therefore consi --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/thehistoryexpress/support

The House of Plantagenet[nb 1] (/plænˈtædʒənɪt/) was a royal house which originated from the lands of Anjou in France. The name Plantagenet is used by modern historians to identify four distinct royal houses: the Angevins, who were also counts of Anjou; the main body of the Plantagenets following the loss of Anjou; and the Plantagenets' two cadet branches, the houses of Lancaster and York. The family held the English throne from 1154, with the accession of Henry II, until 1485, when Richard III died in battle. Under the Plantagenets, England was transformed – although this was only partly intentional. The Plantagenet kings were often forced to negotiate compromises such as the Magna Carta. These constrained royal power in return for financial and military support. The king was no longer just the most powerful man in the nation, holding the prerogative of judgement, feudal tribute and warfare. He now had defined duties to the realm, underpinned by a sophisticated justice system. A distinct national identity was shaped by conflict with the French, Scots, Welsh and Irish, and the establishment of English as the primary language. In the 15th century, the Plantagenets were defeated in the Hundred Years' War and beset with social, political and economic problems. Popular revolts were commonplace, triggered by the denial of numerous freedoms. English nobles raised private armies, engaged in private feuds and openly defied Henry VI. The rivalry between the House of Plantagenet's two cadet branches of York and Lancaster brought about the Wars of the Roses, a decades-long fight for the English succession, culminating in the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485, when the reign of the Plantagenets and the English Middle Ages both met their end with the death of King Richard III. Henry VII, of Lancastrian descent, became king of England; five months later, he married Elizabeth of York, thus ending the Wars of the Roses, and giving rise to the Tudor dynasty. The Tudors worked to centralise English royal power, which allowed them to avoid some of the problems that had plagued the last Plantagenet rulers. The resulting stability allowed for the English Renaissance, and the advent of early modern Britain. Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York, adopted Plantagenet as his family name in the 15th century. Plantegenest (or Plante Genest) had been a 12th-century nickname for his ancestor Geoffrey, Count of Anjou and Duke of Normandy. One of many popular theories suggests the common broom, planta genista in medieval Latin, as the source of the nickname. It is uncertain why Richard chose this specific name, although during the Wars of the Roses it emphasised Richard's status as Geoffrey's patrilineal descendant. The retrospective usage of the name for all of Geoffrey's male-line descendants was popular during the subsequent Tudor dynasty, perhaps encouraged by the further legitimacy it gave to Richard's great-grandson, Henry VIII. It was only in the late 17th century that it passed into common usage among historians. Angevin is French for "from Anjou". The three Angevin kings were Henry II, Richard I and John. "Angevin" can also refer to the period of history in which they reigned. Many historians identify the Angevins as a distinct English royal house. "Angevin" is also used in reference to any sovereign or government derived from Anjou. As a noun, it refers to any native of Anjou or an Angevin ruler, and specifically to other counts and dukes of Anjou, including the ancestors of the three kings who formed the English royal house; their cousins, who held the crown of Jerusalem; and to unrelated members of the French royal family who were later granted the titles and formed different dynasties, such as the Capetian House of Anjou and the Valois House of Anjou. Consequently, there is disagreement between those who consider Henry III to be the first Plantagenet monarch, and those who do not distinguish between Angevins and Plantagenets and therefore consi --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/thehistoryexpress/support

The House of Plantagenet[nb 1] (/plænˈtædʒənɪt/) was a royal house which originated from the lands of Anjou in France. The name Plantagenet is used by modern historians to identify four distinct royal houses: the Angevins, who were also counts of Anjou; the main body of the Plantagenets following the loss of Anjou; and the Plantagenets' two cadet branches, the houses of Lancaster and York. The family held the English throne from 1154, with the accession of Henry II, until 1485, when Richard III died in battle. Under the Plantagenets, England was transformed – although this was only partly intentional. The Plantagenet kings were often forced to negotiate compromises such as the Magna Carta. These constrained royal power in return for financial and military support. The king was no longer just the most powerful man in the nation, holding the prerogative of judgement, feudal tribute and warfare. He now had defined duties to the realm, underpinned by a sophisticated justice system. A distinct national identity was shaped by conflict with the French, Scots, Welsh and Irish, and the establishment of English as the primary language. In the 15th century, the Plantagenets were defeated in the Hundred Years' War and beset with social, political and economic problems. Popular revolts were commonplace, triggered by the denial of numerous freedoms. English nobles raised private armies, engaged in private feuds and openly defied Henry VI. The rivalry between the House of Plantagenet's two cadet branches of York and Lancaster brought about the Wars of the Roses, a decades-long fight for the English succession, culminating in the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485, when the reign of the Plantagenets and the English Middle Ages both met their end with the death of King Richard III. Henry VII, of Lancastrian descent, became king of England; five months later, he married Elizabeth of York, thus ending the Wars of the Roses, and giving rise to the Tudor dynasty. The Tudors worked to centralise English royal power, which allowed them to avoid some of the problems that had plagued the last Plantagenet rulers. The resulting stability allowed for the English Renaissance, and the advent of early modern Britain. Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York, adopted Plantagenet as his family name in the 15th century. Plantegenest (or Plante Genest) had been a 12th-century nickname for his ancestor Geoffrey, Count of Anjou and Duke of Normandy. One of many popular theories suggests the common broom, planta genista in medieval Latin, as the source of the nickname. It is uncertain why Richard chose this specific name, although during the Wars of the Roses it emphasised Richard's status as Geoffrey's patrilineal descendant. The retrospective usage of the name for all of Geoffrey's male-line descendants was popular during the subsequent Tudor dynasty, perhaps encouraged by the further legitimacy it gave to Richard's great-grandson, Henry VIII. It was only in the late 17th century that it passed into common usage among historians. Angevin is French for "from Anjou". The three Angevin kings were Henry II, Richard I and John. "Angevin" can also refer to the period of history in which they reigned. Many historians identify the Angevins as a distinct English royal house. "Angevin" is also used in reference to any sovereign or government derived from Anjou. As a noun, it refers to any native of Anjou or an Angevin ruler, and specifically to other counts and dukes of Anjou, including the ancestors of the three kings who formed the English royal house; their cousins, who held the crown of Jerusalem; and to unrelated members of the French royal family who were later granted the titles and formed different dynasties, such as the Capetian House of Anjou and the Valois House of Anjou. Consequently, there is disagreement between those who consider Henry III to be the first Plantagenet monarch, and those who do not distinguish between Angevins and Plantagenets and therefore consi --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/thehistoryexpress/support

The House of Plantagenet[nb 1] (/plænˈtædʒənɪt/) was a royal house which originated from the lands of Anjou in France. The name Plantagenet is used by modern historians to identify four distinct royal houses: the Angevins, who were also counts of Anjou; the main body of the Plantagenets following the loss of Anjou; and the Plantagenets' two cadet branches, the houses of Lancaster and York. The family held the English throne from 1154, with the accession of Henry II, until 1485, when Richard III died in battle. Under the Plantagenets, England was transformed – although this was only partly intentional. The Plantagenet kings were often forced to negotiate compromises such as the Magna Carta. These constrained royal power in return for financial and military support. The king was no longer just the most powerful man in the nation, holding the prerogative of judgement, feudal tribute and warfare. He now had defined duties to the realm, underpinned by a sophisticated justice system. A distinct national identity was shaped by conflict with the French, Scots, Welsh and Irish, and the establishment of English as the primary language. In the 15th century, the Plantagenets were defeated in the Hundred Years' War and beset with social, political and economic problems. Popular revolts were commonplace, triggered by the denial of numerous freedoms. English nobles raised private armies, engaged in private feuds and openly defied Henry VI. The rivalry between the House of Plantagenet's two cadet branches of York and Lancaster brought about the Wars of the Roses, a decades-long fight for the English succession, culminating in the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485, when the reign of the Plantagenets and the English Middle Ages both met their end with the death of King Richard III. Henry VII, of Lancastrian descent, became king of England; five months later, he married Elizabeth of York, thus ending the Wars of the Roses, and giving rise to the Tudor dynasty. The Tudors worked to centralise English royal power, which allowed them to avoid some of the problems that had plagued the last Plantagenet rulers. The resulting stability allowed for the English Renaissance, and the advent of early modern Britain. Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York, adopted Plantagenet as his family name in the 15th century. Plantegenest (or Plante Genest) had been a 12th-century nickname for his ancestor Geoffrey, Count of Anjou and Duke of Normandy. One of many popular theories suggests the common broom, planta genista in medieval Latin, as the source of the nickname. It is uncertain why Richard chose this specific name, although during the Wars of the Roses it emphasised Richard's status as Geoffrey's patrilineal descendant. The retrospective usage of the name for all of Geoffrey's male-line descendants was popular during the subsequent Tudor dynasty, perhaps encouraged by the further legitimacy it gave to Richard's great-grandson, Henry VIII. It was only in the late 17th century that it passed into common usage among historians. Angevin is French for "from Anjou". The three Angevin kings were Henry II, Richard I and John. "Angevin" can also refer to the period of history in which they reigned. Many historians identify the Angevins as a distinct English royal house. "Angevin" is also used in reference to any sovereign or government derived from Anjou. As a noun, it refers to any native of Anjou or an Angevin ruler, and specifically to other counts and dukes of Anjou, including the ancestors of the three kings who formed the English royal house; their cousins, who held the crown of Jerusalem; and to unrelated members of the French royal family who were later granted the titles and formed different dynasties, such as the Capetian House of Anjou and the Valois House of Anjou. Consequently, there is disagreement between those who consider Henry III to be the first Plantagenet monarch, and those who do not distinguish between Angevins and Plantagenets and therefore consi --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/thehistoryexpress/support

The Wars of the Roses were a series of English civil wars for control of the throne of England fought between supporters of two rival cadet branches of the royal House of Plantagenet: the House of Lancaster, associated with the Red Rose of Lancaster, and the House of York, whose symbol was the White Rose of York. Eventually, the wars eliminated the male lines of both families. The conflict lasted through many sporadic episodes between 1455 and 1487, but there was related fighting before and after this period between the parties. The power struggle ignited around social and financial troubles following the Hundred Years' War, unfolding the structural problems of bastard feudalism, combined with the mental infirmity and weak rule of King Henry VI which revived interest in the House of York's claim to the throne by Richard of York. Historians disagree on which of these factors was the main reason for the wars. With the Duke of York's death in 1460, the claim transferred to his heir, Edward. After a series of Yorkist victories from January–February 1461, Edward claimed the throne on 4 March 1461, and the last serious Lancastrian resistance ended at the decisive Battle of Towton. Edward was thus unopposed as the first Yorkist king of England, as Edward IV. Resistance smoldered in the North of England until 1464, but the early part of his reign remained relatively peaceful. A new phase of the wars broke out in 1469 after the Earl of Warwick, the most powerful noble in the country, withdrew his support for Edward and threw it behind the Lancastrian cause. Fortunes changed many times as the Yorkist and Lancastrian forces exchanged victories throughout 1469–70 (and Edward was even captured for a time in 1469). When Edward fled to Flanders in 1470, Henry VI was re-installed as king on 3 October 1470, but his resumption of rule was short lived, and he was deposed again following the defeat of his forces at the Battle of Tewkesbury, and on 21 May 1471, Edward entered London unopposed, resumed the throne, and probably had Henry killed that same day. With all significant Lancastrian leaders now banished or killed, Edward ruled unopposed until his sudden death in 1483. His 12-year-old son reigned for 78 days as Edward V. He was then deposed by his uncle, Edward IV's brother Richard, who became Richard III. The ascension of Richard III occurred under a cloud of controversy, and shortly after assuming the throne, the wars sparked anew with Buckingham's rebellion, as many die-hard Yorkists abandoned Richard to join Lancastrians. While the rebellions lacked much central coordination, in the chaos the exiled Henry Tudor, son of Henry VI's half-brother Edmund Earl of Richmond, and the leader of the Lancastrian cause, returned to the country from exile in Brittany at the head of an army of combined Breton and English forces. Richard avoided direct conflict with Henry until the Battle of Bosworth Field on 22 August 1485. After Richard III was killed and his forces defeated at Bosworth Field, Henry assumed the throne as Henry VII and married Elizabeth of York, the eldest daughter and heir of Edward IV, thereby uniting the two claims. The House of Tudor ruled the Kingdom of England until 1603, with the death of Elizabeth I, granddaughter of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York. Shortly after Henry took the throne, the Earl of Lincoln, a Yorkist sympathizer, put forward Lambert Simnel as an impostor Edward Plantagenet, a potential claimant to the throne. Lincoln's forces were defeated, and he was killed at the Battle of Stoke Field on 16 June 1487, bringing a close to the Wars of the Roses. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/thehistoryexpress/support

The Wars of the Roses were a series of English civil wars for control of the throne of England fought between supporters of two rival cadet branches of the royal House of Plantagenet: the House of Lancaster, associated with the Red Rose of Lancaster, and the House of York, whose symbol was the White Rose of York. Eventually, the wars eliminated the male lines of both families. The conflict lasted through many sporadic episodes between 1455 and 1487, but there was related fighting before and after this period between the parties. The power struggle ignited around social and financial troubles following the Hundred Years' War, unfolding the structural problems of bastard feudalism, combined with the mental infirmity and weak rule of King Henry VI which revived interest in the House of York's claim to the throne by Richard of York. Historians disagree on which of these factors was the main reason for the wars. With the Duke of York's death in 1460, the claim transferred to his heir, Edward. After a series of Yorkist victories from January–February 1461, Edward claimed the throne on 4 March 1461, and the last serious Lancastrian resistance ended at the decisive Battle of Towton. Edward was thus unopposed as the first Yorkist king of England, as Edward IV. Resistance smoldered in the North of England until 1464, but the early part of his reign remained relatively peaceful. A new phase of the wars broke out in 1469 after the Earl of Warwick, the most powerful noble in the country, withdrew his support for Edward and threw it behind the Lancastrian cause. Fortunes changed many times as the Yorkist and Lancastrian forces exchanged victories throughout 1469–70 (and Edward was even captured for a time in 1469). When Edward fled to Flanders in 1470, Henry VI was re-installed as king on 3 October 1470, but his resumption of rule was short lived, and he was deposed again following the defeat of his forces at the Battle of Tewkesbury, and on 21 May 1471, Edward entered London unopposed, resumed the throne, and probably had Henry killed that same day. With all significant Lancastrian leaders now banished or killed, Edward ruled unopposed until his sudden death in 1483. His 12-year-old son reigned for 78 days as Edward V. He was then deposed by his uncle, Edward IV's brother Richard, who became Richard III. The ascension of Richard III occurred under a cloud of controversy, and shortly after assuming the throne, the wars sparked anew with Buckingham's rebellion, as many die-hard Yorkists abandoned Richard to join Lancastrians. While the rebellions lacked much central coordination, in the chaos the exiled Henry Tudor, son of Henry VI's half-brother Edmund Earl of Richmond, and the leader of the Lancastrian cause, returned to the country from exile in Brittany at the head of an army of combined Breton and English forces. Richard avoided direct conflict with Henry until the Battle of Bosworth Field on 22 August 1485. After Richard III was killed and his forces defeated at Bosworth Field, Henry assumed the throne as Henry VII and married Elizabeth of York, the eldest daughter and heir of Edward IV, thereby uniting the two claims. The House of Tudor ruled the Kingdom of England until 1603, with the death of Elizabeth I, granddaughter of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York. Shortly after Henry took the throne, the Earl of Lincoln, a Yorkist sympathizer, put forward Lambert Simnel as an impostor Edward Plantagenet, a potential claimant to the throne. Lincoln's forces were defeated, and he was killed at the Battle of Stoke Field on 16 June 1487, bringing a close to the Wars of the Roses. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/thehistoryexpress/support

The Wars of the Roses were a series of English civil wars for control of the throne of England fought between supporters of two rival cadet branches of the royal House of Plantagenet: the House of Lancaster, associated with the Red Rose of Lancaster, and the House of York, whose symbol was the White Rose of York. Eventually, the wars eliminated the male lines of both families. The conflict lasted through many sporadic episodes between 1455 and 1487, but there was related fighting before and after this period between the parties. The power struggle ignited around social and financial troubles following the Hundred Years' War, unfolding the structural problems of bastard feudalism, combined with the mental infirmity and weak rule of King Henry VI which revived interest in the House of York's claim to the throne by Richard of York. Historians disagree on which of these factors was the main reason for the wars. With the Duke of York's death in 1460, the claim transferred to his heir, Edward. After a series of Yorkist victories from January–February 1461, Edward claimed the throne on 4 March 1461, and the last serious Lancastrian resistance ended at the decisive Battle of Towton. Edward was thus unopposed as the first Yorkist king of England, as Edward IV. Resistance smoldered in the North of England until 1464, but the early part of his reign remained relatively peaceful. A new phase of the wars broke out in 1469 after the Earl of Warwick, the most powerful noble in the country, withdrew his support for Edward and threw it behind the Lancastrian cause. Fortunes changed many times as the Yorkist and Lancastrian forces exchanged victories throughout 1469–70 (and Edward was even captured for a time in 1469). When Edward fled to Flanders in 1470, Henry VI was re-installed as king on 3 October 1470, but his resumption of rule was short lived, and he was deposed again following the defeat of his forces at the Battle of Tewkesbury, and on 21 May 1471, Edward entered London unopposed, resumed the throne, and probably had Henry killed that same day. With all significant Lancastrian leaders now banished or killed, Edward ruled unopposed until his sudden death in 1483. His 12-year-old son reigned for 78 days as Edward V. He was then deposed by his uncle, Edward IV's brother Richard, who became Richard III. The ascension of Richard III occurred under a cloud of controversy, and shortly after assuming the throne, the wars sparked anew with Buckingham's rebellion, as many die-hard Yorkists abandoned Richard to join Lancastrians. While the rebellions lacked much central coordination, in the chaos the exiled Henry Tudor, son of Henry VI's half-brother Edmund Earl of Richmond, and the leader of the Lancastrian cause, returned to the country from exile in Brittany at the head of an army of combined Breton and English forces. Richard avoided direct conflict with Henry until the Battle of Bosworth Field on 22 August 1485. After Richard III was killed and his forces defeated at Bosworth Field, Henry assumed the throne as Henry VII and married Elizabeth of York, the eldest daughter and heir of Edward IV, thereby uniting the two claims. The House of Tudor ruled the Kingdom of England until 1603, with the death of Elizabeth I, granddaughter of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York. Shortly after Henry took the throne, the Earl of Lincoln, a Yorkist sympathizer, put forward Lambert Simnel as an impostor Edward Plantagenet, a potential claimant to the throne. Lincoln's forces were defeated, and he was killed at the Battle of Stoke Field on 16 June 1487, bringing a close to the Wars of the Roses. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/thehistoryexpress/support

The Wars of the Roses were a series of English civil wars for control of the throne of England fought between supporters of two rival cadet branches of the royal House of Plantagenet: the House of Lancaster, associated with the Red Rose of Lancaster, and the House of York, whose symbol was the White Rose of York. Eventually, the wars eliminated the male lines of both families. The conflict lasted through many sporadic episodes between 1455 and 1487, but there was related fighting before and after this period between the parties. The power struggle ignited around social and financial troubles following the Hundred Years' War, unfolding the structural problems of bastard feudalism, combined with the mental infirmity and weak rule of King Henry VI which revived interest in the House of York's claim to the throne by Richard of York. Historians disagree on which of these factors was the main reason for the wars. With the Duke of York's death in 1460, the claim transferred to his heir, Edward. After a series of Yorkist victories from January–February 1461, Edward claimed the throne on 4 March 1461, and the last serious Lancastrian resistance ended at the decisive Battle of Towton. Edward was thus unopposed as the first Yorkist king of England, as Edward IV. Resistance smoldered in the North of England until 1464, but the early part of his reign remained relatively peaceful. A new phase of the wars broke out in 1469 after the Earl of Warwick, the most powerful noble in the country, withdrew his support for Edward and threw it behind the Lancastrian cause. Fortunes changed many times as the Yorkist and Lancastrian forces exchanged victories throughout 1469–70 (and Edward was even captured for a time in 1469). When Edward fled to Flanders in 1470, Henry VI was re-installed as king on 3 October 1470, but his resumption of rule was short lived, and he was deposed again following the defeat of his forces at the Battle of Tewkesbury, and on 21 May 1471, Edward entered London unopposed, resumed the throne, and probably had Henry killed that same day. With all significant Lancastrian leaders now banished or killed, Edward ruled unopposed until his sudden death in 1483. His 12-year-old son reigned for 78 days as Edward V. He was then deposed by his uncle, Edward IV's brother Richard, who became Richard III. The ascension of Richard III occurred under a cloud of controversy, and shortly after assuming the throne, the wars sparked anew with Buckingham's rebellion, as many die-hard Yorkists abandoned Richard to join Lancastrians. While the rebellions lacked much central coordination, in the chaos the exiled Henry Tudor, son of Henry VI's half-brother Edmund Earl of Richmond, and the leader of the Lancastrian cause, returned to the country from exile in Brittany at the head of an army of combined Breton and English forces. Richard avoided direct conflict with Henry until the Battle of Bosworth Field on 22 August 1485. After Richard III was killed and his forces defeated at Bosworth Field, Henry assumed the throne as Henry VII and married Elizabeth of York, the eldest daughter and heir of Edward IV, thereby uniting the two claims. The House of Tudor ruled the Kingdom of England until 1603, with the death of Elizabeth I, granddaughter of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York. Shortly after Henry took the throne, the Earl of Lincoln, a Yorkist sympathizer, put forward Lambert Simnel as an impostor Edward Plantagenet, a potential claimant to the throne. Lincoln's forces were defeated, and he was killed at the Battle of Stoke Field on 16 June 1487, bringing a close to the Wars of the Roses. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/thehistoryexpress/support

The Wars of the Roses were a series of English civil wars for control of the throne of England fought between supporters of two rival cadet branches of the royal House of Plantagenet: the House of Lancaster, associated with the Red Rose of Lancaster, and the House of York, whose symbol was the White Rose of York. Eventually, the wars eliminated the male lines of both families. The conflict lasted through many sporadic episodes between 1455 and 1487, but there was related fighting before and after this period between the parties. The power struggle ignited around social and financial troubles following the Hundred Years' War, unfolding the structural problems of bastard feudalism, combined with the mental infirmity and weak rule of King Henry VI which revived interest in the House of York's claim to the throne by Richard of York. Historians disagree on which of these factors to identify as the main reason for the wars. With the Duke of York's death in 1460, the claim transferred to his heir, Edward. After a series of Yorkist victories from January–February 1461, Edward claimed the throne on 4 March 1461, and the last serious Lancastrian resistance ended at the decisive Battle of Towton. Edward was thus unopposed as the first Yorkist king of England, as Edward IV. Resistance smoldered in the North of England until 1464, but the early part of his reign remained relatively peaceful. A new phase of the wars broke out in 1469 after the Earl of Warwick, the most powerful noble in the country, withdrew his support for Edward and threw it behind the Lancastrian cause. Fortunes changed many times as the Yorkist and Lancastrian forces exchanged victories throughout 1469–70 (and Edward was even captured for a time in 1469). When Edward fled to Flanders in 1470, Henry VI was re-installed as king on 3 October 1470, but his resumption of rule was short lived, and he was deposed again following the defeat of his forces at the Battle of Tewkesbury, and on 21 May 1471, Edward entered London unopposed, resumed the throne, and probably had Henry killed that same day. With all significant Lancastrian leaders now banished or killed, Edward ruled unopposed until his sudden death in 1483. His 12-year-old son reigned for 78 days as Edward V. He was then deposed by his uncle, Edward IV's brother Richard, who became Richard III. The ascension of Richard III occurred under a cloud of controversy, and shortly after assuming the throne, the wars sparked anew with Buckingham's rebellion, as many die-hard Yorkists abandoned Richard to join Lancastrians. While the rebellions lacked much central coordination, in the chaos the exiled Henry Tudor, son of Henry VI's half-brother Edmund Earl of Richmond, and the leader of the Lancastrian cause, returned to the country from exile in Brittany at the head of an army of combined Breton and English forces. Richard avoided direct conflict with Henry until the Battle of Bosworth Field on 22 August 1485. After Richard III was killed and his forces defeated at Bosworth Field, Henry assumed the throne as Henry VII and married Elizabeth of York, the eldest daughter and heir of Edward IV, thereby uniting the two claims. The House of Tudor ruled the Kingdom of England until 1603, with the death of Elizabeth I, granddaughter of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York. Shortly after Henry took the throne, the Earl of Lincoln, a Yorkist sympathizer, put forward Lambert Simnel as an imposter Edward Plantaganet, a potential claimant to the throne. Lincoln's forces were defeated, and he was killed at the Battle of Stoke Field on 16 June 1487, bringing a close to the Wars of the Roses. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/allthingsplantagenet/support

The Wars of the Roses were a series of English civil wars for control of the throne of England fought between supporters of two rival cadet branches of the royal House of Plantagenet: the House of Lancaster, associated with the Red Rose of Lancaster, and the House of York, whose symbol was the White Rose of York. Eventually, the wars eliminated the male lines of both families. The conflict lasted through many sporadic episodes between 1455 and 1487, but there was related fighting before and after this period between the parties. The power struggle ignited around social and financial troubles following the Hundred Years' War, unfolding the structural problems of bastard feudalism, combined with the mental infirmity and weak rule of King Henry VI which revived interest in the House of York's claim to the throne by Richard of York. Historians disagree on which of these factors to identify as the main reason for the wars. With the Duke of York's death in 1460, the claim transferred to his heir, Edward. After a series of Yorkist victories from January–February 1461, Edward claimed the throne on 4 March 1461, and the last serious Lancastrian resistance ended at the decisive Battle of Towton. Edward was thus unopposed as the first Yorkist king of England, as Edward IV. Resistance smoldered in the North of England until 1464, but the early part of his reign remained relatively peaceful. A new phase of the wars broke out in 1469 after the Earl of Warwick, the most powerful noble in the country, withdrew his support for Edward and threw it behind the Lancastrian cause. Fortunes changed many times as the Yorkist and Lancastrian forces exchanged victories throughout 1469–70 (and Edward was even captured for a time in 1469). When Edward fled to Flanders in 1470, Henry VI was re-installed as king on 3 October 1470, but his resumption of rule was short lived, and he was deposed again following the defeat of his forces at the Battle of Tewkesbury, and on 21 May 1471, Edward entered London unopposed, resumed the throne, and probably had Henry killed that same day. With all significant Lancastrian leaders now banished or killed, Edward ruled unopposed until his sudden death in 1483. His 12-year-old son reigned for 78 days as Edward V. He was then deposed by his uncle, Edward IV's brother Richard, who became Richard III. The ascension of Richard III occurred under a cloud of controversy, and shortly after assuming the throne, the wars sparked anew with Buckingham's rebellion, as many die-hard Yorkists abandoned Richard to join Lancastrians. While the rebellions lacked much central coordination, in the chaos the exiled Henry Tudor, son of Henry VI's half-brother Edmund Earl of Richmond, and the leader of the Lancastrian cause, returned to the country from exile in Brittany at the head of an army of combined Breton and English forces. Richard avoided direct conflict with Henry until the Battle of Bosworth Field on 22 August 1485. After Richard III was killed and his forces defeated at Bosworth Field, Henry assumed the throne as Henry VII and married Elizabeth of York, the eldest daughter and heir of Edward IV, thereby uniting the two claims. The House of Tudor ruled the Kingdom of England until 1603, with the death of Elizabeth I, granddaughter of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York. Shortly after Henry took the throne, the Earl of Lincoln, a Yorkist sympathizer, put forward Lambert Simnel as an imposter Edward Plantaganet, a potential claimant to the throne. Lincoln's forces were defeated, and he was killed at the Battle of Stoke Field on 16 June 1487, bringing a close to the Wars of the Roses. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/allthingsplantagenet/support

1138 English defeat the Scottish at Cowton Moor, Yorkshire. Banners of various saints carried into battle - led to the name Battle of the Standard. The Scottish forces would lose 3/4 of their troops in the battle. 1485 Henry Tudor defeats Richard III at Bosworth Field. The York white rose and the Lancaster red rose meet at the battle, where England's King Richard III is killed by blows to his crown-encircled head. This victory establishes the Tudor dynasty in England and ends the War of the Roses. 1851 U.S. wins first America's Cup. The U.S.-built schooner America bests a fleet of Britain's finest ships in a race around England's Isle of Wight. 1864 International Red Cross founded. The Geneva Convention of 1864 for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick of Armies in the Field is adopted by 12 nations meeting in Geneva. 1902 Cadillac Autos Founded. Named for the man who founded Detroit in 1801, Antoine Laumet de La Mothe Cadillac, Michigan's newest car company launches. The Cadillac Automobile Company rises from the ashes of the Henry Ford Company, after Ford leaves his company over a squabble with investors. 1942 Brazil declares war on the Axis powers. She is the only South American country to send combat troops into Europe. 1944 Romania captured by the Soviet Union. Soviet forces break through to Jassy, in northeastern Romania, convincing Romania's King Michael to sign an armistice with the Allies and concede control of his country to the USSR. 1945 Conflict in Vietnam begins when a group of Free French parachute into southern Indochina, in response to a successful coup by communist guerilla Ho Chi Minh. 1989 Nolan Ryan registers 5,000th strikeout. He becomes the first pitcher in major league history to register 5,000 career strikeouts. Ryan would go on to rack up a total of 5,714 strikeouts, over 1,500 more than his closest competition.

These 36 lectures tell the remarkable story of a tumultuous thousand-year period in the history of England. Dominated by war, conquest, and the struggle to balance the stability brought by royal power with the rights of the governed, it was a period that put into place the foundation of much of the world we know today. As you journey through this largely chronological narrative - occasionally interrupted for lecture-long explorations of specific topics - you'll see key themes emerge, including the assimilation of successive waves of invaders, the tense relationship between kings and the nobility, and the constant battles over money and taxation. And because so much of history is driven by specific individuals and not just historical circumstance, each lecture is rich in intimate portraits that reveal those individuals at the key moments of their historical destiny, including Alfred the Great, William the Conqueror, Eleanor of Aquitaine, and John Wycliffe.The result is a lecture series that winds up being not only informative but deeply entertaining, with each lecture drawing you in with its own particular fascinations, including a probing look at the scope of the Black Death, a realistic examination of the legends of both King Arthur and Robin Hood, a riveting description of the Battle of Bosworth Field, and a discussion of the surprisingly nuanced penalties of the early Germanic law codes.These lectures consistently deliver a fresh level of understanding about medieval England, its rulers and subjects, and their significance for the world we live in today. The chain of theme and event that links our world to theirs will never be clearer, rewarding every moment you spend with this series.

These 36 lectures tell the remarkable story of a tumultuous thousand-year period in the history of England. Dominated by war, conquest, and the struggle to balance the stability brought by royal power with the rights of the governed, it was a period that put into place the foundation of much of the world we know today. As you journey through this largely chronological narrative - occasionally interrupted for lecture-long explorations of specific topics - you'll see key themes emerge, including the assimilation of successive waves of invaders, the tense relationship between kings and the nobility, and the constant battles over money and taxation. And because so much of history is driven by specific individuals and not just historical circumstance, each lecture is rich in intimate portraits that reveal those individuals at the key moments of their historical destiny, including Alfred the Great, William the Conqueror, Eleanor of Aquitaine, and John Wycliffe.The result is a lecture series that winds up being not only informative but deeply entertaining, with each lecture drawing you in with its own particular fascinations, including a probing look at the scope of the Black Death, a realistic examination of the legends of both King Arthur and Robin Hood, a riveting description of the Battle of Bosworth Field, and a discussion of the surprisingly nuanced penalties of the early Germanic law codes.These lectures consistently deliver a fresh level of understanding about medieval England, its rulers and subjects, and their significance for the world we live in today. The chain of theme and event that links our world to theirs will never be clearer, rewarding every moment you spend with this series.

The words of Richard III before the battle at Bosworth Field are paired with Psalm 61 in the King James Version of the Bible.

Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss the Battle of Bosworth Field, the celebrated encounter between Lancastrian and Yorkist forces in August 1485. The battle, the penultimate of the Wars of the Roses, resulted in the death of Richard III. The victory of Henry Tudor enabled him to succeed Richard as monarch and establish the Tudor dynasty which was to rule for over a century. These events were immortalised by Shakespeare in Richard III, and today the battle is regarded as one of the most important to have taken place on English soil. But little is known about what happened on the battlefield, and the very location of the encounter remains the subject of much debate.With:Anne CurryProfessor of Medieval History and Dean of Humanities at the University of SouthamptonSteven GunnTutor and Fellow in Modern History at Merton College, OxfordDavid GrummittLecturer in British History at the University of Kent.Producer: Thomas Morris.

Melvyn Bragg and guests discusses the Tudor State. In 1485 Henry Tudor slew Richard III and routed his army at The Battle of Bosworth Field. It was a decisive victory which founded a bold new dynasty; and this date like 1789 and 1066 has been taken by historians to be one of the great ‘year zeros' of history: Suddenly the muddled Medieval World with its robber barons, feudal barbarism and bloody Wars of the Roses was banished, and the modern age of centralised government and King's Justice was ushered in. But were the Tudors as instrumental in reshaping the British state as historians have liked to make out, and did their reign throughout the 16th century really lay the political foundations of our own age? With John Guy, Professor of Modern History, University of St Andrews; Christopher Haigh, Tutor of Modern History at Christ Church College, Cambridge; Christine Carpenter, Fellow in History at New Hall, Cambridge.