Podcasts about neural sciences

Are we living in a simulation?Looking for a link we mentioned? It's here: https://linktr.ee/philosophyforourtimesModern technology has ushered in a new era of augmented reality - one so sophisticated that some argue within a century we will be unable to distinguish the 'real' from the 'virtual'. Yet with increasing concerns that virtual reality is simply a flawed escapism, could we imagine ourselves living meaningful lives inside a virtual world? World-renowned philosopher and cognitive scientist David Chalmers outlines his highly original take on the matter.David Chalmers is an Australian philosopher and cognitive scientist who specialises in the philosophy of mind, language and more recently, virtual reality. He is a Professor of Philosophy and Neural Science at New York University, as well as co-director of NYU's Center for Mind, Brain and Consciousness.There are thousands of big ideas to discover at IAI.tv – videos, articles, and courses waiting for you to explore. Find out more: https://iai.tv/podcast-offers?utm_source=podcast&utm_medium=shownotes&utm_campaign=from-the-matrix-to-the-metaverseSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Dr. David Vago is Research Associate Professor and Director of the Contemplative Neuroscience and Mind-Body (CNMB) Research Laboratory in the Department of Psychology at Vanderbilt University. He is core training faculty for the Vanderbilt Brain Institute and Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation. Dr. Vago maintains a research associate position in the Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School. Dr. Vago is also Research Lead for the mental health and well-being platform, Roundglass. Dr. Vago has previously held the position of Research Director at the Osher Center for Integrative Medicine at Vanderbilt and Senior Research Coordinator for the Mind & Life Institute. Dr. Vago is currently a Mind and Life Fellow, supporting the Mind and Life mission by advising on strategy and programs. He is also a consultant for the mindfulness, well-being, and psychedelic research and industry community. He received his Bachelors Degree in Brain and Cognitive Sciences in 1997 from the University of Rochester. In 2005, David received his Ph.D. in Cognitive and Neural Sciences with a specialization in learning and memory from the department of Psychology, University of Utah. Dr. Vago has completed post-doctoral fellowships in Biological and Social Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatric Neuroimaging, and Mind and Body Medicine at Harvard Medical School, Weill Cornell Medical School, and University of Utah School of Medicine. David's research interests broadly focus on utilizing translational models to identify and characterize neurobiological and psychosocial mechanisms underlying adaptive mind-brain-body interactions and their therapeutic relevance in the context of mental health and chronic pain. Through mixed methods of neuroimaging, predictive computational modeling, neuroendocrine biomarker identification, cognitive-behavioral and first-person phenomenological analyses, Dr. Vago helps facilitate a multi-pronged research program in basic science, clinical trials, intervention development, education, and innovation. He has been a recipient of several research grants from the NIH and small foundations, has published over 50 peer-reviewed journal articles, chapters, and science abstracts. His research has been covered by mainstream news outlets such as the Huffington Post, Boston Globe, Newsweek, Scientific American, and NPR, among others. As a thought leader in the field of integrative health and mindfulness research, Dr. Vago has given over 150 keynote and invited lectures, oral presentations, and grand rounds. A number of research initiatives that are ongoing, include Mapping the Meditative Mind, in which the Dr. Vago has partnered with contemporary meditation teachers and scholars to investigate psychosocial and neurobiological mechanisms supporting states of meditation across the spectrum of formal meditative expertise. Another initiative aims to identify mechanisms of engagement, identify predictors for clinical outcomes, and optimize mindfulness-based treatment interventions. Dr. Vago and his research team at Roundglass are building analytical tools for tracking health and well-being outcomes. Partner with Dr. Vago and Roundglass today In this episode, you will learn: 1. David is going to guide us as to why you should be meditating and be mindful and how you will see the evolution of your own personality in this process. 2. How do we let it go and how do we not get angry 3. Dalai Lama's style of communication and some wisdom shared during their work together

Get a https://www.cambridge.org/it/academic/subjects/psychology/psychology-general-interest/bayesian-data-analysis-behavioral-and-neural-sciences-non-calculus-fundamentals?format=PB&isbn=9781108812900 (30% discount on Todd's book) by entering the code BDABNS22 at checkout! The behavioral and neural sciences are a nerdy interest of mine, but I didn't dedicate any episode to that topic yet. But life brings you gifts sometimes (especially around Christmas…), and here that gift is a book, Bayesian Data Analysis for the Behavioral and Neural Sciences, by Todd Hudson. Todd is a part of the faculty at New York University Grossman School of Medicine and also the New York University Tandon School of Engineering. He is a computational neuroscientist working in several areas including: early detection and grading of neurological disease; computational models of movement planning and learning; development of new computational and experimental techniques.  He also co-founded Tactile Navigation Tools, which develops navigation aids for the visually impaired, and Third Eye Technologies, which develops low cost laboratory- and clinical-grade eyetracking technologies. As you'll hear, Todd wanted his book to bypass the need for advanced mathematics normally considered a prerequisite for this type of material. Basically, he wants students to be able to write code and models and understand equations, even they are not specialized in writing those equations. We'll also touch on some of the neural sciences examples he's got in the book, as well as the two general algorithms he uses for model measurement and model selection. Ow, I almost forgot the most important: Todd loves beekeeping and gardening — he's got 25 apple trees, 4 cherry trees, nectarines, figs, strawberries, etc! Our theme music is « Good Bayesian », by Baba Brinkman (feat MC Lars and Mega Ran). Check out his awesome work at https://bababrinkman.com/ (https://bababrinkman.com/) ! Thank you to my Patrons for making this episode possible! Yusuke Saito, Avi Bryant, Ero Carrera, Brian Huey, Giuliano Cruz, Tim Gasser, James Wade, Tradd Salvo, Adam Bartonicek, William Benton, Alan O'Donnell, Mark Ormsby, Demetri Pananos, James Ahloy, Robin Taylor, Thomas Wiecki, Chad Scherrer, Nathaniel Neitzke, Zwelithini Tunyiswa, Elea McDonnell Feit, Bertrand Wilden, James Thompson, Stephen Oates, Gian Luca Di Tanna, Jack Wells, Matthew Maldonado, Ian Costley, Ally Salim, Larry Gill, Joshua Duncan, Ian Moran, Paul Oreto, Colin Caprani, George Ho, Colin Carroll, Nathaniel Burbank, Michael Osthege, Rémi Louf, Clive Edelsten, Henri Wallen, Hugo Botha, Vinh Nguyen, Raul Maldonado, Marcin Elantkowski, Adam C. Smith, Will Kurt, Andrew Moskowitz, Hector Munoz, Marco Gorelli, Simon Kessell, Bradley Rode, Patrick Kelley, Rick Anderson, Casper de Bruin, Philippe Labonde, Matthew McAnear, Michael Hankin, Cameron Smith, Luis Iberico, Alejandro Morales, Tomáš Frýda, Ryan Wesslen, Andreas Netti, Riley King, Aaron Jones and Daniel Lindroth. Visit https://www.patreon.com/learnbayesstats (https://www.patreon.com/learnbayesstats) to unlock exclusive Bayesian swag ;) Links from the show: 30% discount on Todd's book by entering BDABNS22 at checkout: https://www.cambridge.org/it/academic/subjects/psychology/psychology-general-interest/bayesian-data-analysis-behavioral-and-neural-sciences-non-calculus-fundamentals?format=PB&isbn=9781108812900 (https://www.cambridge.org/it/academic/subjects/psychology/psychology-general-interest/bayesian-data-analysis-behavioral-and-neural-sciences-non-calculus-fundamentals?format=PB&isbn=9781108812900) Book's webpage: https://www.hudsonlab.org/textbook (https://www.hudsonlab.org/textbook) For blurbs on each chapter: https://www.hudsonlab.org/textbookresources (https://www.hudsonlab.org/textbookresources) Code used in each chapter: https://www.hudsonlab.org/textbookresources (https://www.hudsonlab.org/textbook/f314a) For tutorials on Bayesian vs.... Support this podcast

Dreams have long been a source of fascination, mystery & intrigue, yet there is now an abundance of scientific evidence to shed light on the origins, nature, and purpose of this captivating aspect of the human experience.  Sleep neuroscientist Dr. Sidarta Ribeiro, joins host Dr. Pete Kelly, C.Psych for an in-depth consideration of many of the themes explored in his book The Oracle of Night: The History & Science of Dreaming.  In this discussion they cover:      what led Dr. Ribeiro to write The Oracle of Night and the meaning behind the titlethe definition of a "dreaming" and the functions dreaming may servethe underlying neuroscience of dreaming parallels between dreams and what is experienced during psychedelic experienceswhy emotions in dreams can feel so incredibly intense compared to that which is experienced when awakethe science behind lucid dreaming and tips on how to become proficient in lucid dreamingthe symbolic meaning and utility of dreams, both individually and collectively the evolutionary significance of dreaming and why has it created an adaptive advantagethe negative impact of modernity on the quality and nature of dreams and our ability to recall/utilize dream contenthow to better remember dreams and become attuned to dream content how acute sleep deprivation can act as an "anti-depressant" in the context of severe depressionthe importance of REM sleep for emotion regulationDr. Ribeiro's thoughts on the biggest unanswered questions in the field of dream study, including how dream content is selected by the brain Dr. Sidarta Ribeiro is a founder and vice director of the Brain Institute at Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte in Brazil, where he is also a professor of neuroscience. He received a PhD in animal behavior from The Rockefeller University. Sidarta is the author of The Oracle of Night: The History and Science of Dreaming, his fifth book, and a contributor for Folha de S.Paulo, Brazil´s largest newspaper.  He is a Member of the Latin American Academy of Sciences (ACAL) since 2016, he is associate editor of the journals PLoS One, Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience and Frontiers In Psychology - Language Sciences. He is a member of the Steering Committee of the Latin American School for Educational, Cognitive and Neural Sciences and the Center for Research, Innovation and Education in Neuromathematics (NeuroMat). He served as secretary of the Brazilian Society of Neuroscience and Behavior (SBNeC) from 2009-2011 and was a member of the Brazilian committee of the Pew Latin American Fellows Program in the Biomedical Sciences between 2011 and 2015.

Serena Carra, Associate Professor of Molecular Biology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Department of excellence 2018-2022 University of Modena and Reggio Emilia,Modena, ITALY speaks on "Deregulated phase transitions as driver of cellular aging and disease". This Movies has been recorded at ICGEB Trieste.

Joana Rato é Psicóloga, doutorada em Ciências da Saúde e actualmente desenvolve investigação na Universidade Católica, com o projecto ‘Mente, Cérebro e Educação’. -> Apoie este projecto e faça parte da comunidade de mecenas do 45 Graus em: 45graus.parafuso.net/apoiar A Joana publicou recentemente, juntamente com Alexandre Castro Caldas, o livro ‘Quando o Cérebro do Seu Filho Vai à Escola’. No livro, os autores explicam o que a ciência sabe hoje sobre o modo como o nosso cérebro aprende e o que isso implica para a maneira como ensinamos nas escolas. É um livro com muita informação, que nos ensina o que não sabemos e enquadra também alguns mitos e clarifica simplificações nesta área. Ao longo da nossa conversa, fomos percorrendo e discutindo vários aspectos referidos no livro, desde os melhores métodos para memorizar (que não são nada óbvios) à importância do sono para a memória e até mesmo ao papel da escola em ensinar-nos a pensar criticamente, a discutir ideias e a saber apresentar claramente o nosso ponto de vista -- tudo características fundamentais para uma sociedade aberta e dinâmica Notícia importante: Vai realizar-se no dia 9 de novembro (um sábado) o PODES, o primeiro festival de podcasts a realizar-se em Portugal. Passem por podes.pt/recomendar e nomeiem o 45 Graus para os prémios do festival (se acharem que merece, claro!).  Edição principal: João Torgal    Obrigado aos mecenas do podcast: Gustavo Pimenta; Eduardo Correia de Matos Joana Faria Alves, Joao Manzarra, João Baltazar, Mafalda Lopes da Costa, Salvador Cunha, Tiago Leite, Duarte Dória Abilio Silva, António Padilha, Carlos Martins, Carmen Camacho, Daniel Correia, Diogo Sampaio Viana, Francisco Fonseca, Helder Miranda, Joao Saro, João Nelas, Mafalda Pratas, Rafael Melo, Rafael Santos, Ricardo Duarte, Rita Mateus, Tiago Neves Paixão, Tiago Queiroz, Tomás Costa Duarte, Filipe Ribeiro, Francisco Aguiar , Francisco Arantes, Francisco dos Santos, Francisco Vasconcelos, Henrique Lopes Valença, Henrique Pedro, Hugo Correia, isosamep, Joana Margarida Alves Martins, Joao Diogo, Joao Pinto, Joao Salvado, Jose Pedroso, José Galinha, José Oliveira Pratas, JosÉ Proença, JoÃo Diogo Silva, JoÃo Moreira, JoÃo Raimundo, Luis Ferreira, Luis Marques, Luis Quelhas Valente, Marco Coelho, Mariana Barosa, Marise Almeida, Marta Baptista Coelho, Marta Madeira, Miguel Coimbra, Miguel Palhas, Nuno Gonçalves, Nuno Nogueira, Pedro, Pedro alagoa, Pedro Rebelo, Pedro Vaz, Renato Vasconcelos, Ricardo Delgadinho, rodrigo brazÃo, Rui Baldaia, Rui Carrilho, Rui Passos Rocha, Telmo, Tiago Costa da Rocha, Tiago Pires, Tomás Félix, Vasco Lima, Vasco Sá Pinto, Vitor Filipe, Ricardo Nogueira, Alexandre Almeida, Francisco Arantes   Referências abordadas na conversa: Livro da convidada: Quando o Cérebro do Seu Filho Vai à Escola - Boas práticas para melhorar a aprendizagem, de Joana Rato e Alexandre Castro Caldas  Susan Gathercole The Illusory Theory of Multiple Intelligences Bio: Psicóloga da Educação desde 2003 e doutorada em Ciências da Saúde (na especialidade de Neuropsicologia) pelo Instituto de Ciências da Saúde (ICS) da Universidade Católica Portuguesa (UCP) desde 2014. Atualmente desenvolve trabalho de Pós-Doutoramento no Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Saúde(CIIS) da UCP, com o projeto Mind, Brain and Education: A school-university partnership,onde orienta um grupo de trabalho em Mente, Cérebro e Educação constituído por uma equipa multidisciplinar. Em 2013 recebeu o Alumni Award da James S. McDonnell Foundation que permitiu a sua participação na 3rd Latin-American School for Educational, Cognitive and Neural Sciences e em 2015 ganhou o Prémio de Mérito da Fundação D. Pedro IV. Os seus interesses de investigação passam pela Neuropsicologia aplicada à Educação com destaque para a avaliação neuropsicológica de crianças e adolescentes.

¿Cómo puede ayudar la neurociencia a mejorar la educación? ¿Y si pudiésemos entender el cerebro para saber cómo funciona la atención o la memoria? El físico y neurocientífico argentino Mariano Sigman, especializado en Ciencias Cognitivas y fundador del Laboratorio de Neurociencia Integrativa de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, explica las claves para descifrar los misterios del cerebro y el aprendizaje. “¿Qué es educación? ¿Qué significa aprender? La mayoría de la gente te diría que aprender es adquirir conocimiento. Pero el proceso vital de aprendizaje está más relacionado con el uso que damos a ese conocimiento, discernir qué es importante y saber transmitirlo. Los niños no han estudiado pedagogía, pero tienen la pulsión por compartir lo que saben, es decir, son grandes maestros en potencia”, explica el investigador. Mariano Sigman es autor de los libros ‘La vida secreta de la mente’ y ‘La pizarra de Babel’, y ha publicado más de 150 investigaciones en revistas científicas, con grandes avances en las estrategias educativas. Su trabajo se ha especializado en el área de la neuroeducación, con iniciativas como el programa ‘One Laptop per Child’ y la ‘School of Education, Cognitive and Neural Sciences’. Ha sido galardonado con premios académicos internacionales como el Premio al Joven Investigador 2006, el Career Development Award otorgado por Human Frontiers Science Program, el Premio Enrique Gaviola 2011 de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, que entrega la Academia Nacional de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales de Argentina y el Scholar Award otorgado por James S. McDonnell Foundation Scholar. Encuentra todos los podcast de "Aprendemos Juntos" aquí.

David Vago is Research Director of the Osher Center for Integrative Medicine at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. He is an associate professor in the department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences. He also maintains an appointment as a research associate in the Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory (FNL), Brigham and Women’s Hospital (BWH), Harvard Medical School. He has completed post-doctoral fellowships in the department of Psychiatry at BWH, the Utah Center for Mind-Body Interactions within the University of Utah Medical School, and the Stuart T. Hauser Research Training Program in Biological & Social Psychiatry. David has previously held the position of Senior Research Coordinator for the Mind & Life Institute and is currently a Mind and Life Fellow, supporting the Mind and Life mission by advising on strategy and programs. He received his Bachelors Degree in Brain and Cognitive Sciences in 1997 from the University of Rochester. In 2005, David received his Ph.D. in Cognitive and Neural Sciences with a specialization in learning and memory from the department of Psychology, University of Utah.

David's research interests broadly focus on utilizing translational models to identify and characterize neurobiological substrates mediating psychopathology, to better predict outcomes and potential biologically-based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for those suffering with mental illness. In this context, David has been specifically focusing on the study of mindfulness-based interventions in clinical settings, and the basic cognitive and neuroscientific mechanisms by which mindfulness-based practices function. We talk about how David began his studies, mindfulness from a scientific approach, and where true happiness is according to science. I would love to hear what you think about this episode. It confirmed what I felt the benefits of mindfulness are and taught me so much more.   Radically Curious David   Getting inspired to think about the mind and the brain and following his bliss Going on a 10-day silent retreat in his 20s after a college course on meditation Presenting his research to the Dalai Lama and what the Dalai Lama told him Finding his calling to bring mindfulness to mainstream medicine and science   Radically Inspired Clarity   In order to practice mindfulness, you don't need to be a Buddhist. These practices help us reduce our attachments in the materialistic world we live in. Every moment counts. Each moment influences who you are right now. You decide how you look at the stressors in your life.   David Vago Answers…   What is mindfulness? What do you think about society and its state of unhappiness? What is  the role of compassion in this framework?   Radically Loved Quotes   “In this context of mindfulness, the goal is not to sit in a room on a cushion, the goal is to connect with other human beings.”   “The realization that there is no self can be very scary.”   “Our own happiness and well being comes from out altruistic motives, and that's empirical research.”   “Each moment is made up of habits of perception and interpretation.”   A Little More About Our Guest   David Vago is an associate psychologist in the Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory (FNL), Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) and instructor at Harvard Medical School. He has completed post-doctoral fellowships in the department of Psychiatry at BWH, the Utah Center for Mind-Body Interactions within the University of Utah Medical School, and the Stuart T. Hauser Research Training Program in Biological & Social Psychiatry. David has previously held the position of Senior Research Coordinator for the Mind & Life Institute and is currently a Mind and Life Fellow, supporting the Mind and Life mission by advising on strategy and programs. He received his Bachelors Degree in Brain and Cognitive Sciences in 1997 from the University of Rochester. In 2005, David received his Ph.D. in Cognitive and Neural Sciences with a specialization in learning and memory from the department of Psychology, University of Utah. www.davidvago.bwh.harvard.edu/ Be sure to subscribe to our weekly Radically Loved Updates and listen on iTunes to make sure you never miss an episode!

David’s research interests broadly focus on utilizing translational models to identify and characterize neurobiological substrates mediating psychopathology, to better predict outcomes and potential biologically-based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for those suffering with mental illness. In this context, David has been specifically focusing on the study of mindfulness-based interventions in clinical settings, and the basic cognitive and neuroscientific mechanisms by which mindfulness-based practices function. We talk about how David began his studies, mindfulness from a scientific approach, and where true happiness is according to science. I would love to hear what you think about this episode. It confirmed what I felt the benefits of mindfulness are and taught me so much more.   Radically Curious David   Getting inspired to think about the mind and the brain and following his bliss Going on a 10-day silent retreat in his 20s after a college course on meditation Presenting his research to the Dalai Lama and what the Dalai Lama told him Finding his calling to bring mindfulness to mainstream medicine and science   Radically Inspired Clarity   In order to practice mindfulness, you don’t need to be a Buddhist. These practices help us reduce our attachments in the materialistic world we live in. Every moment counts. Each moment influences who you are right now. You decide how you look at the stressors in your life.   David Vago Answers…   What is mindfulness? What do you think about society and its state of unhappiness? What is  the role of compassion in this framework?   Radically Loved Quotes   “In this context of mindfulness, the goal is not to sit in a room on a cushion, the goal is to connect with other human beings.”   “The realization that there is no self can be very scary.”   “Our own happiness and well being comes from out altruistic motives, and that’s empirical research.”   “Each moment is made up of habits of perception and interpretation.”   A Little More About Our Guest   David Vago is an associate psychologist in the Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory (FNL), Brigham and Women’s Hospital (BWH) and instructor at Harvard Medical School. He has completed post-doctoral fellowships in the department of Psychiatry at BWH, the Utah Center for Mind-Body Interactions within the University of Utah Medical School, and the Stuart T. Hauser Research Training Program in Biological & Social Psychiatry. David has previously held the position of Senior Research Coordinator for the Mind & Life Institute and is currently a Mind and Life Fellow, supporting the Mind and Life mission by advising on strategy and programs. He received his Bachelors Degree in Brain and Cognitive Sciences in 1997 from the University of Rochester. In 2005, David received his Ph.D. in Cognitive and Neural Sciences with a specialization in learning and memory from the department of Psychology, University of Utah. www.davidvago.bwh.harvard.edu/ Be sure to subscribe to our weekly Radically Loved Updates and listen on iTunes to make sure you never miss an episode!

Being told you need more Iron, Calcium or Protein is just a Marketing Myth and a lie to sell you something in a bottle  The Calcium you need is in it's Phytalitic or Plant form  Sleep is not a Principle of Health, it is a Gift of the Gods that is Gifted to you for observing the Principles of Health and the Laws of Nature and honouring thy father and thy mother Coffee beans that have been infused with Synthetic Caffeine, Artificial flavours and colours and made and brewed into what we call 'Coffee' isn't good for you An actual 'Coffee Bean' stimulates Peristalsis action, the Cleaning of the River, as doPrunes (dried plums) Lies always fall by the wayside and are Exposed, it's just a matter of Time One of the best Naturally Fermented Organic Beers Don has tasted was in the Margaret River in Perth at a micro brewery there where they do an Organic Hefavisin (organic wheat, water, organic hops, nutritional yeast)    We've forgotten the context of words and most of us don't even think about the words that we Speak and where they came from. e.g. 'Breakfast' = 'Break' means to Break the period of strengthening' and 'Fast' means to hold Strong  Your body produces X amount of Electric Force on a daily basis, 90% of that electric force goes into the Metabolism or Digestion of food. That's why the less you eat the more Energy shifts to Healing, Repairing and Vitality because it's not having to digest huge amounts of food If you eat any Solid food after the Sun drops from the horizon your messing up bad. You are taking the Energy that was meant to shift into healing, repair, regeneration and Rest to Vitalise you, and your forcing your body to spend it digesting food  Dinner is the largest meal of the day, it refers to the Apex of the Sun and the Sky and is meant to be consumed when the sun was the Highest in the Heavens Supper means Liquid Meals - to Sup, to Sip, to have Soup, it all ties into the word and helps you Sleep and to help your Energy when your up and going Emotional Molecules are real and the Emotions that an animal feels at it's death is still in the carcass even though its dead, and a lot of time their's Diseases that are founded upon emotional molecules just because of what had happened in the Death and Murder of the Creature that we are feeding on  If your eating enough Plant foods, Drinking enough Water, getting out in the Sunshine and Walking continuously you can go for Decades and not get into the Cancers and other Problems  If you Eat an Animal and it sits in your gut for more than 72 hours at Body Temperature the Cadaverine Chemistry breaks out, and if it breaks down in your body then you have problems. That is why all the Published Studies show that the Number 1 cause of Cancer is Animal bodies We now know because of Observational Studies and Neural Sciences, that a pig has the Intelligence of a 4yr old child, they are very Aware, Conscious and the way that they are treated really is Inhumane