Podcasts about neurobiology

Hello and welcome to another episode of Authentically ADHD. I'm Carmen, and today we're diving into how the holiday season feels through the eyes (and brain) of someone with AuDHD – that is, co-occurring autism and ADHD. For many of us, the holidays can feel less “holly jolly” and more like a perfect storm of stress. In this episode we'll explore why the season can be extra hard, what it looks and feels like, and science-backed strategies to survive (and maybe even enjoy) the holidays. Whether you're a newly diagnosed adult or a parent of a neurodivergent child, this one's for you.What Is AuDHD? (Autism + ADHD)First, a quick science check. Autism and ADHD often go hand in hand. In fact, research suggests roughly 50–70% of autistic people also meet criteria for ADHD. Likewise, about two-thirds of people with ADHD have another condition like autism. In plain terms, having AuDHD means your brain experiences both sets of traits – the social-pragmatic and sensory sensitivities of autism and the attention-dopamine challenges of ADHD.This combination can feel like a constant tug-of-war in the mind. One part of you craves novelty and spontaneity (hello, ADHD!), while another part craves predictability and routine (hello, autism!). Imagine loving new experiences but also needing your favorite cookie recipe exactly the same every year. The result? It can be disorienting: you might feel like you “don't fit” neatly into either camp. Some people with AuDHD describe it as an internal “tug-of-war” or seesaw: one side impulsive and messy, the other organized and anxious to plan.In practice, AuDHD often means compensating and crashing. For example, someone's autism-driven focus might compensate for their ADHD-driven distractibility at work, or vice versa – ADHD-driven chaos can overwhelm autistic need-for-order, leaving them paralyzed by overwhelm. Dopamine is also at play: ADHD brains naturally crave dopamine and may impulsively seek novelty to get it. This can collide with autistic routines (which prefer sameness), causing even more internal conflict. All of this can be exhausting, but it also means AuDHD brains are vividly tuned in and often intensely creative. Think of it as life on high-intensity mode – colorful and chaotic, requiring constant balancing.Why the Holidays Are Extra ChallengingNow layer on the holidays, and the pressure cooker heats way up. Even neurotypical people report elevated stress: one survey found 62% of adults felt “very or somewhat” more stressed during the holidays than at other times of year. But for AuDHD brains, the holidays can amplify every stressor:Routines Disrupted: The holidays upend our anchors. School break means new daily rhythms, late nights, irregular meals – everything that might keep an autistic-AuDHD person grounded gets flipped. As one ND observer notes, “routines are often our anchor, and when they're pulled away, it can leave us adrift”. Even small changes (late start on Monday, new host home, delayed bedtime) can throw our whole system off.Sensory Overload: Holiday sights, sounds, and smells come at you hard. Think bright lights, loud music, clanging dishes, lots of chatter, and maybe even firecrackers or poppers. These environments can push a neurodivergent nervous system into sensory overwhelm. In fact, decorations blaring carols while a dozen relatives talk at once – that's the classic recipe for sensory overload. Neuroscience explains it as bombarding the five senses: your brain goes into fight-or-flight mode, and it can stay on high alert even after you're home. One ADHD resource describes this: “the body's nervous system shifts into ‘fight-or-flight' mode… After the event, the body may remain on high alert, struggling to return to a relaxed baseline – leading to fatigue, overstimulation, and emotional shutdown.”. In short, holiday clamor can fry an AuDHD brain.Social and Family Dynamics: Holidays often mean forced proximity. You're expected to play nice at a crowded party, join in traditions, maybe hug or kiss relatives, and make small talk. That's a lot of unstructured social juggling. Neurodivergent people often need more downtime than society assumes, but the holidays cram intense social demands into the shortest days of winter. Feeling like you should be joyful and festive can clash with feeling drained, anxious, or withdrawn. This is the “disconnect between ‘should' and ‘feel'” one psychologist talks about: everyone else is pretending joy, but you might feel agitated, melancholic, or exhausted instead. In fact, holiday stress can bring out “regressive” feelings: snapping at family, ruminating on past hurts, or longing for a perfect moment that never happens.Executive Overload: Then there's all the planning and to-dos. Making a menu, shopping for gifts, wrapping, hosting – the holiday season can demand supercharged executive function. Neuroscience shows that high demands on the prefrontal cortex (the brain's planning center) can impair memory and even slow down new brain cell growth. In other words, tackling 1,000 tasks can literally short-circuit our focus and memory. A coaching article notes that the “mental burden” of remembering everything impedes memory and interferes with brain-cell production. Even if you usually manage your ADHD well, the holiday juggle can make you feel like you're losing control. It's no wonder stress and forgetfulness skyrocket.Emotional Intensity: Holidays can stir deep emotions. The idea of a “perfect family celebration” is a myth, and that gap can trigger sadness, anxiety, or frustration. A 1950s concept called “Holiday Syndrome” described it well: diffuse anxiety, irritability, helplessness, and nostalgic/bitter rumination about past experiences. Many people (autistic or not) feel a low-grade hum of agitation or melancholy under the tinsel and carols If you're also AuDHD, ADHD's emotional dysregulation can supercharge those feelings. Research on ADHD shows that after a high-energy event, brains can “crash” with deep fatigue or emptiness as dopamine levels plummet. So after a big family gathering you might feel emotionally drained – like you've hit a wall. As one expert puts it, the ADHD brain gets a dopamine surge in the moment, then a drop afterward, leading to confusion and exhaustion. Cue the tears or irritability after the decorations are taken down.In short, every holiday pressure – social expectations, sensory chaos, broken routines, endless chores – hits AuDHD brains all at once. It's like the perfect neurodivergent stress cocktail. One Autism/ADHD coach even calls the holidays “every AuDHD stressor at once”: unpredictability + social evaluation + sensory intensity + disrupted routines. No wonder we might feel totally fried by Dec 25.FOCUSED & PATREON ADWhat It Feels Like: Overwhelm, Meltdowns, and MaskingSo what does all that actually feel like? Picture this: You step into a brightly lit living room filled with holiday music, clinking dishes, and chatty people. Immediately, your senses are on high alert. You feel your heart rate up (fight-or-flight kick in), your thoughts start racing, and your tolerance for noise plummets. You might grit your teeth through forced smiles, struggling to follow 5 conversations at once. In that moment, you're using every bit of your brain's executive function – planning what to say, filtering stimulation, remembering everyone's names, and suppressing the urge to bolt for silence. It's exhausting.Later, when you finally escape, you might hit the proverbial wall. Suddenly you feel mentally numb, weepy, or totally blank. This is the classic AuDHD “crash.” As one ADHD writer explains, after the stimulus ends “your brain experiences a dopamine drop – leading to emotional disorientation, fatigue, or a deep sense of emptiness.”. You could become super-snappy or oversensitive (even minor things trigger tears or rage). You might replay awkward conversations and feel a wave of guilt or paranoia. Or you might simply withdraw – closing your eyes, zoning out, or curling up until you “recharge.” These aren't just mood swings; they're neurological reactions to overload.Kids and adults alike can shut down too – becoming nonverbal, hiding, or refusing to participate. You might have meltdowns (full emotional blow-ups) or shutdowns (going blank). It might look like bursts of crying, rage, or stimming (repetitive self-soothing behaviors). This is especially common if surprises disrupt expected plans. And if you're masking (pretending to be “normal”), this takes even more energy. One psychologist notes that neurodivergent folks “must mask extra hard” during holidays when everyone expects cheer, which makes us even more exhausted and anxious.If you're a parent, you might watch your neurodivergent child display these behaviors. Maybe your teen suddenly “shuts down” mid-game, or your kindergarten child bursts into tears over a drop of water on a new shirt. They might meltdown over something as small as being served pie in a different dish, or hyperfocus on one toy ignoring the party around them. Either way, the feeling inside is similar: overwhelmed, dysregulated, and just done.It may help to know: You are not alone and not wrong. Feeling relief when others appear joyful, or feeling resentful for holiday expectations, is normal for AuDHD brains. Our nervous systems truly react differently under holiday stress. The good news from neuroscience is that holiday stress is usually acute, not chronic – our brains tend to bounce back once the season is over. But during the season, we need real strategies to cope.Science-Backed Strategies for Managing OverwhelmNow, let's talk solutions. Neurobiology isn't just doom and gloom – it also suggests practical fixes. Below are some evidence-informed strategies that target the very stressors we discussed. Think of these as your AuDHD holiday survival kit. You don't have to use all of them, but the more you prepare your brain, the smoother this season can be.1. Maintain Structure and RoutineWhenever possible, keep some normalcy. Research on executive function shows that routines are crucial anchors for neurodivergent minds. Try to stick to regular sleep and meal times as much as you can, even if other parts of your day change. For example: have dinner at 6 pm even if everyone else is having it late, or set an alarm for your usual bedtime. The coaching advice is to plan in advance: make checklists of tasks (shopping, wrapping, cooking) and schedule them early. Use calendars, alarms, or apps to remind you of things – our brains are already overloaded without trying to store all holiday details. Planning also includes travel: if you have to visit family, confirm details (who's hosting, what's served) beforehand so it's not a surprise.Visual supports can help too. For kids and adults, a visual schedule (even just on your phone) outlining “Friday: drive to grandma's house; Saturday: gift-opening 10am, game night 6pm” can ground you. Advanced Autism Services recommends creating a visual map of the event with times and people. Even as an adult, knowing the plan lowers anxiety. Similarly, preparing your child with social stories or role-playing can make gatherings feel more predictable.Finally, keep your exercise and self-care rituals. The Harvard team reminds us that even holiday parties need cognitive flexibility – which is easier when the brain is well-restedt. So keep up that morning run or evening walk, even if it's just 10 minutes. Exercise releases stress-fighting chemicals in the brain, which can buffer holiday overload.2. Plan and Prioritize (Executive Function Hacks)You can't do everything, so delegate and prioritize ruthlessly. Which traditions truly matter to you? Focus on those, and let go of the rest. A coach suggests making a short list of top priorities (maybe it's one family dinner and a small gift exchange) and kindly declining additional activities. It's okay to skip a party or leave early – your brain's health is non-negotiable. If shopping is a drain, try online or streamlined gift ideas (gift cards, experience gifts, or even “cookies night in” kits). The key is reducing last-minute tasks, which spike stress.Use tools to help: create gift lists on your phone, set reminders a week before each event, or use productivity apps that break big chores into small steps. Even ADHD coaches agree: “Last-minute tasks are particularly stress-inducing, so plan everything in advance that you can.”. Plan your outfits, plan travel routes, plan what to say when Uncle Bob cracks a joke (maybe even a safe “exit phrase” if conversation gets intense!). This way the unexpected becomes expected, which grounds the AuDHD brain.3. Communicate and DelegateYou don't have to go it alone. Talk to your holiday co-pilots. If you have a partner or roommate, divide and conquer chores. Explain that you might need help with certain tasks – maybe they handle gift wrapping while you focus on meal prepping, for example. If you're a parent, team up with other parents: one person watches the kids while the other cooks. NFIL suggests checking in with your support network about feelings and plans.Crucially, set boundaries. Let family and friends know your limits. It's totally okay to say things like “I'm sensitive to crowds and might need a quiet break” or “I'll stay for an hour then take a walk around the block.” As one psychologist notes, neurodivergent people are often more sensitive to holiday stressors like forced gatherings and touching. So be your own advocate: politely excuse yourself to a quiet room, or step outside for air. You might even create a “signal” with a buddy if social exhaustion hits and you need help quietly bowing out. Remember that boundaries mean self-respect – you deserve to protect your peace.4. Sensory Self-CareCombat sensory overload proactively. Bring your tools and safe spaces. Noise-cancelling headphones or earbuds can be a lifesaver when the living room booms with music and chatter. Sunglasses (indoors if needed!) can soften bright lights. Keep a fidget (stress ball, textured toy, or something to squeeze) in your pocket or a weighted lap blanket in the car. Even carrying a familiar scented hand lotion or a small plush can ground you when stress spikes.If possible, help “sensory-proof” the holiday environment. Offer a sensory-friendly zone at home or the party venue – a quiet corner with dim lights and comfy seating. Advanced Autism tips say designating a quiet space with calming items (like weighted blankets or favorite objects) gives everyone a place to recharge. Make it explicit: let family know, “I might head to the quiet room when I need a break.” You'll avoid confusion or hurt feelings. If you feel overload coming on, take that break. Step outside, do some deep breathing, stare at the horizon for a minute. Science suggests that even a few moments of sensory downtime can reset your nervous system.On the topic of sensory input: eat mindfully. If bright lights and noise scramble your nerves, having a calming snack (water, a snack with protein) can help level you out. Avoid too much sugar or caffeine spikes if possible – they can worsen anxiety and crash you even more. (ADHD brains often crave carbs, as notes, but balancing with proteins can stabilize energy.) Also, be mindful of smells or textures that bother you – if Aunt's potpourri is too much, step back or move to another room.5. Emotional Regulation and Self-CompassionGive yourself grace. The holiday season often brings up big feelings (nostalgia, grief, anxiety). It's okay to feel less than jolly. Dr. Megan Neff calls it the disconnect between what we “should” feel and what we actually feel. Acknowledge your feelings without judgment. You don't have to force a smile or pretend you're loving every moment if you're not. In fact, research on emotion in ADHD underscores that we have real neurobiological reasons for our intense feelings.Build in emotional checkpoints. Throughout the day, pause and ask yourself: “How am I doing? Am I overwhelmed?” If you notice tension in your shoulders or tightening in your chest, respond with a known calming strategy: this could be deep, slow breathing (even 4-4-4 breaths: inhale 4 seconds, hold 4, exhale 4), grounding (feel your feet on the floor, notice three things around you), or a short visualization (imagine a peaceful scene). Even a quick stretch can shock your body out of fight-or-flight mode.Remember, you don't have to be “on” 100%. It's okay to sit quietly and read a book while others chat, or scroll on your phone for a mental break. Taking care of yourself isn't rude – it's survival. The Neurodivergent Notes author puts it well: start by “acknowledging that the holiday season can be hard” and giving yourself permission to feel off or “not OKay”. You might even mentally prepare a mantra: “I do not have to be perfect. My feelings are valid.” Repeat that if family guilt trips start to chatter in your mind.If anxiety or irritation spikes, try reframing: nothing says every moment has to be merry. You can enjoy the smell of pine or the glow of lights without absorbing all the chaos. Keep reminding yourself: “This is just one season. I'll get through it, and then I can relax.” As Harvard experts note, holiday stress is acute – it will subside once the season passes. Meanwhile, lean into what you find comforting: maybe a warm tea by yourself, a brief nap, or a fun playlist in your headphones.6. Navigate Family Dynamics and TraditionsFamilies can be great, but holiday families can also trip alarm bells. If certain traditions or relatives trigger you, it's OK to modify or skip them. Brainstorm alternatives: If large dinners are a nightmare, how about a small movie night with a couple people you feel safe around? If gift exchanges stress you, propose a simpler plan (e.g. Secret Santa with a modest budget, or letting kids pick one special gift each). Decline invitations graciously: “Thank you for having me, but I'll pass this time” is perfectly acceptable. People might not get it, but the goal is to keep you well, not please them.For parents of AuDHD kids: many of these strategies apply to your child too. Prepare them with visuals or previews of events, pack their favorite quiet toys, and have an exit strategy if they get overwhelmed. Engage them in something structured during gatherings (e.g. start a puzzle together, or have a “gift wrap station” where they help with one thing – giving them focus and predictability). Communicate with other family members about your child's needs ahead of time: “X is sensitive to noise, we have headphones ready if needed.” Even young children can be taught a safe word or signal for a break.During gatherings, consider creating a “sensory diet” space even for neurodivergent adults. If you're hosting, put out a bowl of noise-canceling earbuds, a quiet corner with pillows, or a weighted lap blanket on the couch. Make an announcement like, “Feel free to take a breather in the den if it gets loud!” This normalizes it for everyone. If family members don't understand, you might need a gentle explanation: “I have ADHD/autism – sometimes I process things differently. I just need a little downtime every now and then.” Hopefully, they'll respect that.7. Focus on Joy and AcceptanceFinally, try to anchor yourself in the parts of the holidays you do enjoy. Maybe it's a cherished tradition, a favorite scented candle, watching a goofy holiday movie, or hanging with a person (or pet) who always makes you smile. Plan one or two little moments you look forward to, and treat those as gifts to yourself. It could be 15 minutes alone playing a video game, stepping outside to gaze at the stars, or savoring hot cocoa. These tiny rituals can ground you.And remember: it does not have to be the “perfect” holiday. The mantra from neuroscientists and psychologists is to keep expectations realistic. The Harvard article even reminds us: holidays are “just another time of year”. What matters is that you're safe and okay. If you spend the evening in pajamas binge-watching rather than hosting a feast, that's fine. You get to decide what this season means to you.Above all, be gentle with yourself. As the holiday advice goes: give yourself permission to be a bit Grinchy. It's okay if you feel like “more Scrooge than Hallmark hero” – that feeling is valid. By acknowledging that and taking small steps to care for yourself, you give your brain the buffer it needs. The goal isn't to force holiday cheer; it's to manage the chaos in ways that serve you, not deplete you.You've Got This (One Step at a Time)The holidays might be tricky for AuDHD brains, but you now have a toolbox of strategies informed by science and experience. To recap: Plan and prioritize, keep some routine, check in with your body's needs, create quiet spaces, set boundaries, and show yourself kindness. These steps tap directly into the neuroscience of stress and ADHD – they help keep your prefrontal cortex functioning and your nervous system calmer.Lastly, remember that the real magic of the holidays is connection – not the chaos. Connect with one or two supportive people. Focus on what truly matters to you. When you feel overwhelmed, remind yourself that this tough season is temporary and that you are not alone in feeling this way. Many of us AuDHDers have been there and come out the other side.Thank you for listening to Authenti

In this week's episode of the Xtalks Life Science Podcast, host Ayesha Rashid, Senior Life Science Journalist at Xtalks, spoke with Peter Vanderklish, PhD, chief scientific officer at Spinogenix, a company developing therapeutics aimed at restoring synaptic connections for conditions such as ALS, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia and Fragile X syndrome. Dr. Vanderklish's decades of research, from his graduate work at UC Irvine to his roles at The Scripps Research Institute and UC Irvine, have helped shape our understanding of synaptic function, including post-synaptic long-term potentiation (LTP) mechanisms and the role of integrins in stabilizing synaptic structure. His more recent work focuses on dendritic spine abnormalities in Fragile X syndrome and how these changes relate to chronic anxiety and social avoidance behaviors. Dr. Vanderklish is an Associate Professor in Neuroscience at The Scripps Research Institute and a Visiting Professor in Anatomy and Neurobiology at UC Irvine. Tune in to learn how Spinogenix is advancing novel therapies designed to rebuild synapses and transform treatment for neurological diseases. For more life science and medical device content, visit the Xtalks Vitals homepage. https://xtalks.com/vitals/ Follow Us on Social Media Twitter: https://twitter.com/Xtalks Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/xtalks/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Xtalks.Webinars/ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/xtalks-webconferences YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/XtalksWebinars/featured

In a conversation with CancerNetwork®, Michael Barish, PhD, spoke about an investigational CAR T-cell therapy that he and colleagues are developing as a treatment for patients with glioblastoma. He and his team designed the agent to harness chlorotoxin, an amino acid peptide toxin component of scorpion venom, as a vehicle for intratumoral delivery of therapy for this patient population. Barish, a chair in the Department of Neurosciences/Developmental & Stem Cell Biology at City of Hope, discussed the background and mechanisms surrounding this novel compound, which he and colleagues evaluated as part of a phase 1 trial (NCT04214392). Early findings published in Cell Reports Medicine showed that among 4 patients with recurrent glioblastoma, 3 (75%) achieved a best response of stable disease. Additionally, the chlorotoxin-directed cellular therapy was found to be well-tolerated with no dose-limiting toxicities. Although responses were not as strong as Barish and colleagues had hoped, he described how the study nevertheless demonstrated the safety and feasibility of this CAR T-cell therapy formulation.  After establishing the safety of the novel agent in patients with recurrent glioblastoma, Barish highlighted how next steps for research included engineering different versions of the chlorotoxin and modifying the T cells that express the chimeric receptor. He stated these reconfigurations may help yield additional power and efficacy of the cellular therapy in future studies. Overall, Barish noted how the potential therapeutic application of the neurotoxin represented a “proof of principle.” “[V]enoms of many invertebrates are, in fact, very powerful biologically. In a sense, evolution has honed them to be relatively specific. Neurobiology is very much driven by the specificity of different toxins for different ion channels,” Barish stated. “This idea—that one could use biological products efficiently this way for something as heterogeneous as glioblastoma—might be an example of how it could be more efficacious for other solid tumors as well.” Reference Barish ME, Aftabizadeh M, Hibbard J, et al. Chlorotoxin-directed CAR T cell therapy for recurrent glioblastoma: interim clinical experience demonstrating feasibility and safety. Cell Rep Med. 2025;6(8):102302. doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102302.

In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode, my guest is Dr. Jack Feldman, PhD, a Distinguished Professor of Neurobiology at the University of California, Los Angeles, and a leading expert in the science of breathing. We explain the mechanics of breathing and the neural circuits that generate and regulate our breathing rhythm. We also discuss how breathing patterns profoundly influence mental states, including their role in reducing anxiety and enhancing emotional resilience. Dr. Feldman also shares practical tools, such as box breathing for daily performance and magnesium L-threonate supplementation to support cognitive health and longevity. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AGZ by AG1: https://drinkagz.com/huberman Mateina: https://drinkmateina.com/huberman Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman Timestamps 00:00:00 Jack Feldman 00:00:23 Breathing Mechanics, Diaphragm; Pre-Bötzinger Complex & Breath Initiation 00:03:25 Nose vs Mouth Breathing 00:04:23 Sponsor: Mateina 00:05:24 Active Expiration & Brain; Retrotrapezoid Nucleus 00:08:32 Diaphragm & Evolution; Lung Surface Area & Alveoli, Oxygen Exchange 00:12:56 Diaphragmatic vs Non-Diaphragmatic Breathing 00:14:23 Physiological Sighs: Frequency & Function; Polio & Ventilators 00:18:21 Sponsor: AGZ by AG1 00:19:52 Drug Overdose, Death & Gasps 00:21:38 Meditation, Slow Breathing & Fear Conditioning Study 00:25:28 Mechanistic Science in Breathwork Validation; Breath Practice & Reduced Fear 00:27:21 Breathing & Emotional/Cognitive State, Olfaction, Vagus Nerve 00:29:44 Carbon Dioxide, Hyperventilation & Anxiety 00:31:21 Sponsor: Eight Sleep 00:32:47 Breathing, Emotion & Autonomic Processes Coordination; Depression & Breath Practices 00:36:43 Tool: Breathwork Practices, Box Breathing, Tummo, Wim Hof 00:38:46 Magnesium L-Threonate & Cognitive Enhancement; Compound Refinement 00:44:28 Clinical Trial, Magnesium L-Threonate & Cognitive Improvements; Dose, Sleep 00:48:28 Acknowledgements Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Around 25 years ago, Ardem Patapoutian set out to investigate the fundamental biology behind our sense of touch. Through a long process of gene elimination, he identified a class of sensors in the cell membrane that turn physical pressure into an electrical signal. He changed the game in the field of sensation and perception, and in 2021 shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work. He joins Host Flora Lichtman to talk about his research, the odd jobs he worked along the way, and how he found a sense of belonging in science.Guest: Dr. Ardem Patapoutian is a professor and the Presidential Endowed Chair in Neurobiology at the Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, California. Transcripts for each episode are available within 1-3 days at sciencefriday.com. Subscribe to this podcast. Plus, to stay updated on all things science, sign up for Science Friday's newsletters.

Pre-Order The Forever Strong PLAYBOOK and receive exclusive bonuses: https://drgabriellelyon.com/playbook/Want ad-free episodes, exclusives and access to community Q&As? Subscribe to Forever Strong Insider: https://foreverstrong.supercast.comIn this fascinating episode, Dr. Gabrielle Lyon talks with neuroscientist Dr. Ben Rein, PhD (author of Why Brains Need Friends), about the science of social connection, emotion, and cognitive health. Dr. Rein, an expert in neurobiology and psychedelic research, reveals the cutting-edge studies that explain why loneliness is as damaging as smoking and how our digital world is affecting our brain's ability to connect.They discuss the neurochemistry of love, the controversial use of MDMA in therapy, and whether AI can ever truly replace human intimacy. This conversation provides an essential look at the biological drivers of happiness, performance, and long-term brain health.Chapter Markers:0:00 - MDMA (Molly): The History & Therapeutic Benefits 5:59 - The Legal Status of MDMA for PTSD 6:44 - The Safety and Effectiveness of MDMA in Clinical Trials 8:29 - PTSD (The Amygdala Alarm) 9:41 - How MDMA Soothes the Amygdala to Access Memory 11:42 - Is There an Alternative to MDMA? (Ketamine's Mechanism) 13:16 - Ketamine and Neuroplasticity for Depression 15:48 - Botox and Empathy: 18:12 - The Problem of Volume: How Screens Depersonalize Interaction 19:48 - The Virtual Disengagement Hypothesis Explained 25:00 - Defining Cognitive and Emotional Empathy 29:43 - MDMA's Link to Serotonin & Social Reward 31:04 - Do SSRIs Have Pro-Social Effects? 36:10 - The Science of Likability and "Easy to Read" Faces 40:10 - Top 3 Ways to Be More Likable49:49 - The Likability Gap: Why You Underestimate How Well-Liked You Are 56:59 - The Neurobiology of Oxytocin, Dopamine, and Serotonin1:09:23 - The Goldilocks Zone of Empathy 1:15:58 - Narcolepsy 1:18:16 - Alcohol: Why the Neurotoxin is Bad for Brain Health 1:21:47 - Exercise and Neurogenesis1:22:27 - Sex, Orgasm, and Oxytocin Release 1:25:06 - Oxytocin During Childbirth Who is Ben Rein:Dr. Ben Rein is an award-winning neuroscientist and Chief Science Officer of the Mind Science Foundation, where he supports early-career researchers in neuroscience. He earned his PhD from SUNY Buffalo and completed postdoctoral training at Stanford University, publishing over 20 peer-reviewed papers on autism, empathy, MDMA, and digital behavior. Recognized by the NIH, the Society for Neuroscience, and Sigma Xi, he also serves as a scientific advisor to more than 20 organizations. With over one million followers and 75 million video views, Dr. Rein is celebrated for making neuroscience accessible to the public and has been featured by outlets such as Good Morning America, ABC News, and PopularMechanics.Thank you to our sponsors:BodyHealth: Use code LYON20 to get 20% off your first order https://www.bodyhealthaffiliates.com/73L4QL3/7XDN2/BON CHARGE Holiday Sale https://boncharge.com for 25% off Pique 20% off for life: https://Piquelife.com/DRLYONFind Ben Rein at: Website: https://www.benrein.com/Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/dr.benrein/#TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@dr.benrein?lang=enFacebook:

This episode originally aired in October 2024.All behavior makes sense and no behavior is maladaptive- in the moment that behavior emerges.Of course, the IMPACT of the behavior might be maladaptive and absolutely many behaviors need to change.But understanding that all behavior makes perfect sense at the moment it emerges is the lynchpin in offering folks co-regulation, connection, and felt-safety.In this episode, you'll learnHow all brains create realityThe brain's most important jobThe most effective path to take if you want to see behavior changeThere is a free, one-page infographic that summaries the neurobiology of behavior in my Free Resource Hub! The infographic captures inside/outside/between, the stream of the now and the stream of the past, and 11 million bits of data. Grab that infographic and more than 20 additional resources in the Hub!Read the full transcript at: RobynGobbel.com/allbehaviormakessenseCheck Out All Robyn's Free Resources!You can download all sorts of free resources, including webinars, eBook, and infographics about topics such as lying, boundaries, and co-regulation!https://RobynGobbel.com/FreeResourceHub:::The All-About-Me workbook will help your child grow their owl brain and develop ways to calm their watchdog and possum brain. 24 page, full-color, instant download at RobynGobbel.com/store :::Grab a copy of my book Raising Kids with Big, Baffling Behaviors robyngobbel.com/bookJoin us in The Club for more support! robyngobbel.com/TheClubApply for the Baffling Behavior Training Institute's Professional Immersion Program (formerly Being With) robyngobbel.com/ImmersionFollow Me On:FacebookInstagram Over on my website you can find:Webinar and eBook on Focus on the Nervous System to Change Behavior (FREE)eBook on The Brilliance of Attachment (FREE)LOTS & LOTS of FREE ResourcesOngoing support, connection, and co-regulation for struggling parents: The ClubYear-Long Immersive & Holistic Training Program for Parenting Professionals: The Baffling Behavior Training Institute's (BBTI) Professional Immersion Program (formerly Being With)

Want to share your feedback? Send us a message!Dr. Shahriar SheikhBahaei, Assistant Professor of Neurobiology and Behavior at Stony Brook University, joins host Sara MacIntyre, M.A., CCC-SLP, to discuss emerging research exploring the cellular and neurobiological mechanisms underlying stuttering. Dr. SheikhBahaei shares his journey from lived experience with stuttering to leading a neuroscience research lab investigating how glial cells, particularly astrocytes, contribute to motor control and speech-related circuits.The conversation delves into several recent studies from his lab that utilize mouse models to uncover how alterations in astrocyte function and iron regulation may relate to the neural pathways involved in stuttering. Dr. SheikhBahaei walks listeners through the background, scientific rationale, and key findings of these studies, highlighting what they reveal about the non-vocal motor aspects of stuttering and how this basic science may inform future directions in understanding and treatment.The episode concludes with reflections on bridging laboratory research with the lived experiences of people who stutter and fostering collaboration among scientists, clinicians, and the stuttering community.Resources discussed:SheikhBahaei, S., et al. (2025). Non-vocal motor deficits in a transgenic mouse model linked to stuttering disorders. bioRxiv. https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.08.669441v2SheikhBahaei, S., et al. (2025). Iron dysregulation in mice engineered with a mutation associated with stuttering. bioRxiv. https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.30.667752v1SheikhBahaei, S., et al. (2024). Scientists, society, and stuttering: A multi-stakeholder approach. International Journal of Clinical Practice. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ijcp.13678Shahriar SheikhBahaei, Ph.D., is a neuroscientist and faculty member at Stony Brook University. His research focuses on how the brain controls complex motor behaviors such as speech and breathing, particularly focusing on the role of astrocytes in neural circuits. Growing up with stuttering has influenced his lifelong pursuit to understand the neurobiology of speech and communication. He completed his Ph.D. in Neuroscience through a joint program at University College London and the National Institutes of Health (NIH). He later became one of the first Independent Research Scholars at NIH, where he established his own lab. At Stony Brook University, he continues to investigate the cellular and circuit foundations of speech disorders while also mentoring the next generation of scientists and advocating for more inclusive perspectives on communication.

In this episode, Dr. Jillian Lampert shares her extensive experience in the field of eating disorders, discussing the complexities of neurodivergent conditions such as ADHD and autism. The conversation explores the neurobiology behind eating disorders, the importance of understanding the brain-body connection, and the significance of seeking help. Dr. Lampert emphasizes that eating disorders are not merely behavioral issues but are deeply rooted in brain function and emotional responses. The episode also highlights the importance of recognizing red flags, developing coping mechanisms, and understanding the impact of societal messages on our relationship with food.TakeawaysEating disorders can manifest as both under-eating and overeating.Neurobiology plays a crucial role in understanding eating disorders.Picky eating can be a sign of an eating disorder, especially in children.Willpower is not the solution to eating disorders; it's about brain function.The brain-body connection is vital in managing eating habits.Establishing a routine can help regulate eating patterns.Red flags for eating disorders include impulsivity and dissatisfaction with body image.Seeking help is essential for recovery from eating disorders.Coping mechanisms and support systems are crucial for managing eating behaviors.Food can act as a drug, triggering emotional responses and cravings.Dyslexia, ADHD, autism, eating disorders, neurodivergent, mental health, nutrition, recovery, support, awareness, adults with dyslexia, support for adults.DR. Jillian Lampert: PhD, MPH, RD, LD, FAED, Vice President of Strategy and Public AffairsCompany Website:https://emilyprogram.com/about-us/leadership-team/jillian-lampert/Jillian L's LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jillian-lampert-2a735651/Company LI - https://www.linkedin.com/company/the-emily-program/_______________________________Join the clubrightbrainresetters.comGet 20% off your first orderhttps://addednutrition.comIf you want to find out more visit:⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠truthaboutdyslexia.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Join our Facebook Group⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠facebook.com/groups/adultdyslexia⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

In this illuminating first half of our deep-dive episode, Tom Bilyeu sits down with the brilliant and provocative historian and YouTube creator, WhatifAltHist. Known for his cutting insights into cyclical history and alternative perspectives on societal collapse, WhatifAltHist brings a wealth of knowledge on philosophy, politics, and anthropology to the discussion. The conversation kicks off with a dissection of Nietzsche's “Age of the Last Man,” exploring how Western civilization is at a crossroads characterized by complacency, lack of cultural transmission, and a dangerous loss of ambition. Part one focuses on the unraveling of shared cultural myths, the impact of rapid societal change, and why every historic society similar to ours has met with revolution. The duo investigate the destructive influence of Marxism and modern ideologies on social cohesion, what happens when traditional cultural frameworks erode, and the economic crises intersecting with culture. If you're curious about how historical patterns, economic choices, and ideological battles shape our present moment, this segment will ground you in the underlying forces of our age. SHOWNOTES 00:00 Defining society in crisis—Nietzsche's Age of the Last Man 04:02 Jordan Peterson's Maps of Meaning and the necessity of identity 05:32 Shifting American foundational myths 06:50 Narrative stability, identity, and societal danger 08:18 Marxist intent and the social disorientation project 11:12 The wisdom gap—ancient versus modern perspectives 14:25 Demographics—transition from growth to decline 16:54 Culture as the sum of society, and informal norms 18:48 Economics and culture: The twin pillars of collapse 23:22 Neurobiology—left brain, right brain, and ideology 24:55 Malice vs. mental illness: How ideology detaches from reality 26:00 The matrix of nihilism, hedonism, totalitarianism, heroism 28:41 Technology, AI, and another revolution—where we're headed 29:32 Historical cycles and inevitability of crisis 30:37 International instability: Connecting global trends 31:30 Currency debasement, inflation, and economic collapse 36:09 Mouse utopia—prosperity and destruction of adversity 37:37 The necessity of adversity and breakdown of discipline FOLLOW WHATIFALTHIST YouTube: ⁠https://www.youtube.com/@WhatifAltHist⁠ Twitter: ⁠https://twitter.com/whatifalthist⁠ ButcherBox: Your choice of holiday protein — ham or turkey in your first box, or ground beef for life — plus $20 off at ⁠https://butcherbox.com/impact⁠ Bevel Health: 1st month FREE at ⁠https://bevel.health/impact⁠ with code IMPACT Linkedin: Post your job free at ⁠https://linkedin.com/impacttheory⁠ HomeServe: Help protect your home systems – and your wallet – with HomeServe against covered repairs. Plans start at just $4.99 a month at ⁠https://homeserve.com⁠ Netsuite: Right now, get our free business guide, Demystifying AI, at ⁠https://NetSuite.com/Theory⁠ True Classic: Upgrade your wardrobe at ⁠https://trueclassic.com/impact⁠ Cape: 33% off with code IMPACT33 at ⁠https://cape.co/impact⁠ Surfshark: Go to ⁠https://surfshark.com/bilyeu⁠ or use code BILYEU to get 4 extra months of Surfshark VPN! AirDoctor: Up to $300 off with code IMPACT at ⁠https://airdoctorpro.com⁠ Raycon: Go to ⁠https://buyraycon.com/impact ⁠to get up to 30% off sitewide. Found Banking: Try Found for FREE at ⁠https://found.com/impact⁠ What's up, everybody? It's Tom Bilyeu here: If you want my help... STARTING a business:⁠ join me here at ZERO TO FOUNDER⁠:  ⁠https://tombilyeu.com/zero-to-founder?utm_campaign=Podcast%20Offer&utm_source=podca[%E2%80%A6]d%20end%20of%20show&utm_content=podcast%20ad%20end%20of%20show⁠ SCALING a business:⁠ see if you qualify here.⁠:  ⁠https://tombilyeu.com/call⁠ Get my battle-tested strategies and insights delivered weekly to your inbox:⁠ sign up here.⁠: ⁠https://tombilyeu.com/⁠ FOLLOW TOM: Instagram:⁠ https://www.instagram.com/tombilyeu/⁠ Twitter:⁠ https://twitter.com/tombilyeu⁠ YouTube:⁠ https://www.youtube.com/@TomBilyeu Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Ready to finally break free from alcohol—and stop the cycle of numbing? Start your journey today with the Refresh & Reboot: 30 Day Alcohol-Free Challenge. This self-paced program gives you daily guidance, mindset tools, and video support from Sara to help you thrive through your first 30 days without alcohol. Podcast listeners get 20% off with code PODCAST20 at checkout.

Emily is an Assistant Professor at MDI Biological Laboratory where she studies neurodegenerative disease-associated genes using super-resolution imaging of living, adult worms. Emily earned her Ph.D. at the University of Maine while embedded in the Jackson Laboratory and during her post-doc at MDI Bio Lab, she was recognized by the National Institutes of Health as an “Outstanding Scholar in Neuroscience”.This conversation was recorded in September 2025. ~~~~~The Maine Science Podcast is a production of the Maine Discovery Museum. It is recorded at Discovery Studios, at the Maine Discovery Museum, in Bangor, ME. The Maine Science Podcast is hosted and executive produced by Kate Dickerson; edited and produced by Scott Loiselle. The Discover Maine theme was composed and performed by Nick Parker. To support our work: https://www.mainediscoverymuseum.org/donate. Find us online:Maine Discovery MuseumMaine Discovery Museum on social media: Facebook Instagram LinkedIn Bluesky Maine Science Festival on social media: Facebook Instagram LinkedInMaine Science Podcast on social media: Facebook Instagram © 2025 Maine Discovery Museum

Send us a textHow artificial light impacts female menstrual cycles and their relationship to lunar cycles of the moon.Summary: Dr. Förster talks about how biological clocks, including circadian, tidal, lunar, and annual cycles, regulate behaviors in various species, with a focus on lunar cycle effects on human menstrual cycles. They explore historical and modern data suggesting that menstrual cycles may synchronize with lunar phases, a phenomenon potentially disrupted by modern artificial lighting, particularly blue light from LEDs post-2010. The conversation also covers circadian rhythm mechanisms in fruit flies and humans, highlighting the role of light and neuropeptides in maintaining biological synchrony.About guest: Charlotte Förster, PhD is a senior professor at the University of Würzburg specializing in chronobiology, particularly circadian rhythms in fruit flies, and has recently explored lunar cycle influences on human menstrual cycles.Discussion Points:Biological Clocks: Various clocks (circadian, tidal, lunar, annual) regulate behaviors; circadian clocks manage 24-hour cycles, while lunar clocks influence reproduction in marine species like corals and Christmas Island crabs.Lunar Cycle & Menstruation: Historical data (pre-2010) showed many women's menstrual cycles synchronized with lunar phases (full or new moon), but this decreased post-2010, possibly due to blue light from LEDs disrupting biological rhythms.Blue Light Impact: Blue light from modern devices mimics daylight, potentially desynchronizing circadian and lunar clocks, with melanopsin in the eyes playing a key role in light sensitivity.Winter Synchronization: Menstrual cycle synchrony with lunar phases is stronger in winter, particularly January, possibly due to brighter moonlight or gravitational effects when Earth is closest to the Sun.Circadian Mechanisms: In fruit flies, 240 neurons manage circadian rhythms via clock genes with a 24-hour feedback loop, conserved in humans, where neuropeptides regulate slower, sustained rhythms.Health Implications: Disrupted circadian rhythms can desynchronize body clocks, impacting digestion, immunity, and increasing risks of cardiovascular issues, obesity, and cancer.Lifestyle Tips: To maintain synchrony, maximize daytime light exposure, minimize nighttime blue light, time meals appropriately, and exercise during the day, not late at night.Reference paper:Study: Synchronization of women's menstruation with the Moon hasSupport the showAffiliates: Seed Oil Scout: Find restaurants with seed oil-free options, scan food products to see what they're hiding, with this easy-to-use mobile app. KetoCitra—Ketone body BHB + electrolytes formulated for kidney health. Use code MIND20 for 20% off any subscription (cancel anytime) Lumen device to optimize your metabolism for weight loss or athletic performance. Code MIND for 10% off SiPhox Health—Affordable at-home blood testing. Key health markers, visualized & explained. Code TRIKOMES for a 20% discount. For all the ways you can support my efforts

What happens in the brain when we rise up against injustice — and how can anger become a force for clarity, compassion, and creativity rather than destruction?In this episode, Ben and Jamesa explore the neurobiology of “good trouble,” drawing from the wisdom of John Lewis, Greta Thunberg, and the No Kings protest to understand how anger can transform into courageous, values-driven action.We look at what actually happens in the brain when we're angry — from the amygdala's rapid-fire alerts to the prefrontal cortex's capacity for reflection — and how this energy can fuel moral courage, not reactivity.Together we unpack:How the fight-flight-freeze-fawn system processes angerThe difference between reactive, suppressed, and regulated angerWhat neuroscience teaches us about turning outrage into actionReal-world examples of anger as a moral force for justice and connection→ Tune in for a grounded, compassionate look at how we can harness anger as a tool for healing, leadership, and community change.

In this episode, I speak with one of my professors here at the University of Florida! Dr. Auletta has a diverse research background in social spider group dynamics, spider neurobiology, and even the beloved Embiopterans! Now, Dr. A is an Assistant Instructional Professor here at the UF Entomology & Nematology Dept! Hope you all enjoy this one!Join our community on Patreon! https://patreon.com/Lildudes?utm_medium=unknown&utm_source=join_link&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=copyLinkLil Dudes Insect Academy is a non-profit dedicated to teaching the world about the amazing world of Insects (Entomology). We do this through workshops, classes, courses, resources, and online content! We have a free, family-friendly Podcast where Bradon talks with Entomologists, and we also have a Bug of the Week Series on YouTube!Website: lildudesinsectacademy.comDonate to the Academy: https://www.lildudesinsectacademy.com/donate.htmlFind our free Podcast here: https://www.lildudesinsectacademy.com/media/podcast.html✌️Follow us on:Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lildudesinsectacademyInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/lil.dudes.insect.academy/Twitter: https://twitter.com/lildudesacademyYouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDJx_th0guulNsJPE_75sDgLil Dudes Insect Academy is proud to be registered as a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. Our mission is to educate anyone and everyone about the amazing world of Entomology, which is the gateway to all the sciences. Contributions to Lil Dudes Insect Academy are tax deductible, to the extent permitted by law. Our Tax ID is: 86-1976172entomology podcast, spider biology, arachnology, spider neurobiology, social spiders, animal behavior, insect research, arthropod science, evolutionary biology, field biology, neurobiology of spiders, sensory systems in invertebrates, animal cognition, brain and behavior, biological research, lab research stories, neuroscience podcast, science communication, being a professor, life in academia, academic research, higher education insights, university teaching, science education, professor interviews, research mentorship, academic career advice, AI in the classroom, artificial intelligence in education, technology in teaching, AI and learning, digital tools for scientists, future of education, AI ethics in academia, science podcast, biology podcast, educational podcast, STEM podcast, interviews with scientists, behind the research, stories from scientists, science communication podcast, exploring nature and science

Are methylene blue, THC, CBD, ivermectin, nicotine, colloidal silver, or creatine miracle cures… or dangerous fads? In this episode of Wholistic Living, we dive deep into some of the most controversial and misunderstood compounds in health and biohacking. Discover how these molecules can boost energy, cognition, immunity, and mitochondrial function — but also how the wrong dosage or misuse can cause serious harm. We cover:Methylene Blue – Enhance mitochondrial function, memory, and brain energy safelyIvermectin – Antiparasitic and immune support: time, place, and controversyTHC & CBD – Pain relief, mood regulation, and cognitive effects (plus adrenal and hormone impacts)Nicotine – Cognitive enhancer, focus booster, and addiction cautionCreatine – Muscle, brain, and mitochondrial support for athletes, aging adults, and vegansColloidal Silver – Antimicrobial support vs potential toxicityIf you're curious about biohacking, natural medicine, or emerging health strategies, this episode is for you. Learn how to use these compounds safely, when to seek guidance, and how to separate fact from hype.Join the 60 Day Gut Reset & Start When You're ready with $200 OFF! https://checkout.teachable.com/secure/1716725/checkout/order_4mzzdrn3?coupon_code=SECRETOFFEREquip Foods Grass-fed beef protein - Code: MARLAWant to work with me? email me to health@holisticspring.comReferencesNewhouse, P. A., et al. Neuropsychopharmacology (2004). “Nicotine enhances working memory and attention in nonsmokers.”Benton, D., & Donohoe, R. Psychopharmacology (2011). “Creatine supplementation improves brain performance.”Rae, C., et al. Proc. Royal Society B (2003). “Creatine supplementation improves brain performance.”Avgerinos, K. I., et al. Experimental Gerontology (2018). “Effects of creatine supplementation on cognitive function.”Meyer, R. S., et al. Frontiers in Psychiatry (2020). “Omega-3 and creatine in depression.”Jang, M., et al. Biochemical Pharmacology (2021). “Ivermectin as a potential anticancer agent.”Poteet, E., et al. Journal of Neuroscience (2012). “Methylene blue as a mitochondrial electron carrier and neuroprotectant.”Rojas, J. C., et al. Neurobiology of Aging (2017). “Low-dose methylene blue protects against mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress.”Lansdown, A. B. G. Journal of Wound Care (2006). “Silver in healthcare: antimicrobial properties and safety considerations.”Simonsen, U., et al. J. Endocr. Metab. (2019). “THC and testosterone: endocrine implications.”   

TWiN explains how visual neurons show functional flexibility by selectively responding to subsets of inputs representing attended objects while ignoring those conveying information about irrelevant objects. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Vivianne Morrison, and Tim Cheung Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS Links for this episode MicrobeTV Discord Server Gamma-band synchronization in visual cortex (Nat Comm) Timestamps by Jolene Ramsey. Thanks! Music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your neuroscience questions and comments to twin@microbe.tv

Sign up for updates on webinars, events, and resources for the Parkinson's community—delivered to your inbox. https://dpf.org/newsletter-signup In the final episode of this three-part series, Connie Carpenter Phinney and Dr. Mark Mapstone explore the emotional and cognitive changes that can occur as Parkinson's progresses. They talk openly about issues like apathy, anxiety, executive function decline, and how these changes can affect relationships, communication, safety, and daily life—including decisions around driving and independence. While the conversation acknowledges grief, frustration, and loss, it also offers insight, practical advice, and strategies for living well through change. This episode is for anyone facing or seeking to understand the emotional and cognitive realities of Parkinson's—people diagnosed, care partners, and clinicians alike. Connie Carpenter Phinney is a co-founder of the Davis Phinney Foundation and has been her husband's care partner for over 25 years. Her background in science combined with her lived experience and curiosity helped shape this conversation with neuropsychologist Dr. Mark Mapstone. Connie is the host of the Foundation's Care Partner Meetup, a monthly virtual meetup for Parkinson's care partners held the first Tuesday of each month. To attend the meetup, sign up here: https://davisphinneyfoundation.org/events/parkinsons-care-partner-meetup/ Dr. Mark Mapstone is Professor of Neurology at the University of California, Irvine School of Medicine. He is a member of the UCI Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders and a Fellow of the UCI Center for Neurobiology of Learning and Memory. His research focuses on pre-clinical detection of neurological disease using cognitive tests and biomarkers obtained from blood. He has a special interest in developing strategies to maintain successful cognitive aging. In the clinic, he specializes in cognitive assessment of older adults with suspected brain disease. Dr. Mapstone earned a PhD in Clinical Psychology at Northwestern University and completed fellowship training in Neuropsychology and Experimental Therapeutics at the University of Rochester. He received a Career Development Award from the National Institute on Aging and his research has been funded by the National Institutes of Health, the Michael J. Fox Foundation, and the Department of Defense. This content is possible thanks to the generosity of our listeners. Every day more people are diagnosed with Parkinson's, and this means our work is more important than ever. Please support our work by visiting https://dpf.org/donate. Interested in our Living with Parkinson's Meetup, Care Partner Meetup, or Live Well Today Webinars? Learn how to join. https://dpf.org/webinars

Imagine waking up to find your company's most valuable IP leaked—not by hackers, but by the very AI tools you trusted.This isn't a distant scenario; it's happening inside pharma and biotech right now.And the cost isn't just financial—it's patient lives, broken trust, and an industry on the edge of losing credibility. In this episode, Kat Kozyrytska shares how leaders can act before invisible risks become catastrophic. From her personal journey in post-Soviet Ukraine to building frameworks in global biotech, Kat reveals why “yesterday problems” with AI demand urgent attention today.You'll learn how data privacy failures propagate quietly, why embedding organizational values into AI is essential, and how collaboration across companies can safeguard innovation and accelerate therapies. The future of biotech won't be secured by hype or speed—but by trust, ethics, and the courage to act before it's too late. 

What if empathy isn't gone—just thirsty—and the rehydration begins in your nervous system and  our emotional bodies? We sit down with author, neuroscience educator, and my teacher, Sarah Peyton, to explore accompaniment, the body-based practice of bringing your full self into relationship and letting resonance change you. From the rise of fascism to climate grief and information overload, we trace how overwhelm disconnects us from a healthy, sacred NO—and how tending to our disgust circuit becomes an inoculation to the manipulation, scapegoating, and burnout. We talk about unconscious contracts and how to spot, revoke, and replace them with life‑honoring vows. Along the way, we surface the baked-in conditioning culture has trained us to direct disgust at people instead of the harms done to them, and we share practical steps to reorient toward collective care and courage, empathy and agency.♨ show notes from the jacuzzi-verse ♨Free grounding meditation with Dana—a practice of calling your energy back/nervous system tending/reclaiming your attention) ~ (http://bit.ly/grounding-now)Enter to win a free coaching session ~ when you leave a 5-star rating (only) and a written review, you'll be entered into a monthly drawing for a free 90-min coaching session with dana (value of $388). Send the name of your review (title and/or reviewer name) via IG @danablix or email dana@ danabalicki .com ~ Winner announcements will be made across platforms mid-month.

Before the written word — and possibly even before speech — humans have communicated through drawing. From crude scratches in the dirt or on cave walls to the arcane symbology of the laboratory whiteboard, our instinct for conveying our thoughts visually is pretty extraordinary. We see or understand something in the world, we build an idea in our mind of what we think we see, and then using our hand and the utensil we re-create it to communicate the share our perception with others. Along the way, we add in our own understanding and experience to craft that communication in ways that might not correspond with a specific object in the world at all.How we do this — and how we can learn to be better visual communicators — is at the heart of our conversation with Judy Fan, who runs the Cognitive Tools Lab in Stanford University's Department of Psychology.We've been nominated for a 2025 Signal Award for Best Science & Education Podcast! Vote for us in the "Listener's Choice" category by October 9.Learn More:Cognitive Tools Lab, Stanford Department of PsychologyFan, J., et al. (2023) "Drawing as a versatile cognitive tool." Nature Reviews Psychology. (pdf)Hawkins, R., Sano, M., Goodman, N., and Fan, J. (2023). Visual resemblance and interaction history jointly constrain pictorial meaning. Nature Communications. [pdf]Fan, J., et al. (2020). Relating visual production and recognition of objects in human visual cortex. Journal of Neuroscience. [pdf]Fan, J., Yamins, D., and Turk-Browne, N. (2018). Common object representations for visual production and recognition. Cognitive Science. [pdf]More recent papersWe want to hear from your neurons! Email us at at neuronspodcast@stanford.eduSend us a text!Thanks for listening! If you're enjoying our show, please take a moment to give us a review on your podcast app of choice and share this episode with your friends. That's how we grow as a show and bring the stories of the frontiers of neuroscience to a wider audience. Learn more about the Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute at Stanford and follow us on Twitter, Facebook, and LinkedIn.

Sign up for updates on webinars, events, and resources for the Parkinson's community—delivered to your inbox. https://dpf.org/newsletter-signup In this episode, Connie and Dr. Mapstone dive into the role of neuropsychology in Parkinson's care. They explain what a neuropsychological evaluation is, what to expect during an office or virtual visit, and how results can help guide treatment, daily planning, and care strategies. This episode also discusses why someone might be referred, how testing works, and what insights it can offer for both individuals and families. **This content is possible thanks to the generosity of our listeners. Every day more people are diagnosed with Parkinson's, and this means our work is more important than ever. Please support our work by visiting https://dpf.org/donate.** Connie Carpenter Phinney Connie Carpenter Phinney is a co-founder of the Davis Phinney Foundation and has been her husband's care partner for over 25 years. Her background in science combined with her lived experience and curiosity helped shape this conversation with neuropsychologist Dr. Mark Mapstone. Connie is the host of the Foundation's Care Partner Meetup, a monthly virtual meetup for Parkinson's care partners held the first Tuesday of each month. To attend the meetup, sign up here: https://davisphinneyfoundation.org/events/parkinsons-care-partner-meetup/ Dr. Mark Mapstone Mark Mapstone is Professor of Neurology at the University of California, Irvine School of Medicine. He is a member of the UCI Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders and a Fellow of the UCI Center for Neurobiology of Learning and Memory. His research focuses on pre-clinical detection of neurological disease using cognitive tests and biomarkers obtained from blood. He has a special interest in developing strategies to maintain successful cognitive aging. In the clinic, he specializes in cognitive assessment of older adults with suspected brain disease. Dr. Mapstone earned a PhD in Clinical Psychology at Northwestern University and completed fellowship training in Neuropsychology and Experimental Therapeutics at the University of Rochester. He received a Career Development Award from the National Institute on Aging and his research has been funded by the National Institutes of Health, the Michael J. Fox Foundation, and the Department of Defense. Interested in our Living with Parkinson's Meetup, Care Partner Meetup, or Live Well Today Webinars? Learn how to join. https://dpf.org/webinars

Despite the many psychedelics clinical trials underway, there is still much we don't know about how these drugs work. Preclinical studies represent our best viable avenue to answer these lingering questions.

Sign up for updates on webinars, events, and resources for the Parkinson's community—delivered to your inbox. https://dpf.org/newsletter-signup In the first episode of our three-part series about neuropsychology and Parkinson's, Connie Carpenter Phinney and Dr. Mark Mapstone explore how brain chemistry, especially dopamine, relates to thinking, movement, and mood in Parkinson's. They break down key terms like cognition and executive function and offer insights into how Parkinson's affects brain systems beyond motor symptoms. This episode lays the groundwork for understanding how the brain works—and what happens when it changes. **This content is possible thanks to the generosity of our listeners. Every day more people are diagnosed with Parkinson's, and this means our work is more important than ever. Please support our work by visiting https://dpf.org/donate.** Interested in our Living with Parkinson's Meetup, Care Partner Meetup, or Live Well Today Webinars? Learn how to join. https://dpf.org/webinars Visit https://dpf.org to learn more about the Davis Phinney Foundation for Parkinson's. Speaker Bios: Connie Carpenter Phinney Connie Carpenter Phinney is a co-founder of the Davis Phinney Foundation and has been her husband's care partner for over 25 years. Her background in science combined with her lived experience and curiosity helped shape this conversation with neuropsychologist Dr. Mark Mapstone. Connie is the host of the Foundation's Care Partner Meetup, a monthly virtual meetup for Parkinson's care partners held the first Tuesday of each month. To attend the meetup, sign up here: https://davisphinneyfoundation.org/events/parkinsons-care-partner-meetup/ Dr. Mark Mapstone Mark Mapstone is Professor of Neurology at the University of California, Irvine School of Medicine. He is a member of the UCI Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders and a Fellow of the UCI Center for Neurobiology of Learning and Memory. His research focuses on pre-clinical detection of neurological disease using cognitive tests and biomarkers obtained from blood. He has a special interest in developing strategies to maintain successful cognitive aging. In the clinic, he specializes in cognitive assessment of older adults with suspected brain disease. Dr. Mapstone earned a PhD in Clinical Psychology at Northwestern University and completed fellowship training in Neuropsychology and Experimental Therapeutics at the University of Rochester. He received a Career Development Award from the National Institute on Aging and his research has been funded by the National Institutes of Health, the Michael J. Fox Foundation, and the Department of Defense.

Why do we get goosebumps, racing hearts, and shaky hands when we're scared? In this episode, we explore the fascinating biology behind fear — from the amygdala's alarm system to the “fight-or-flight” response that helped our ancestors survive. You'll discover how fear is stored in memory, why some people chase thrills, and how scientists are learning to rewire fear responses to help those with trauma. Whether it's facing a wild animal or stepping onto a rollercoaster, fear is both a lifesaving instinct and, surprisingly, a source of pleasure. This episode was prepared with the help of AI, and the content is written by OYLA authors. For subscription, please visit: oyla.us, oyla.uk, oyla.au, oyla.eu, oyla.co.in to check it out!

On September 25, 2025 we met with Daniel Dombeck to talk about cognitive maps and place coding by neurons in the hippocampus. Conversation topics included the spatial organization of cells with a map, mappings based on visual versus olfactory cues, changes in spatial scale with the size of the environment, and remapping of the place cells with changes in context. Guest:Daniel Dombeck, Professor, Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern UniversityParticipating:Francesco Savelli, Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, UTSAStephen Jones, Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, UTSAHost:Charles Wilson, Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, UTSAThanks to James Tepper for original music

Birds do the darnedest things. They fly, of course. They sing. They hunt in pitch darkness. They hide their food and remember where they put it. They use tools and migrate over astonishingly vast distances—sometimes even sleeping while in flight. How do they do all this? What's going on in their brains that makes these and other remarkable behaviors possible? How did their evolutionary path mold them into the incredible creatures they are today? My guests today are Dr. Andrew Iwaniuk and Dr. Georg Striedter. Andrew is a comparative neuroscientist and Associate Professor at the University of Lethbridge in Canada. Georg is a Professor of Neurobiology and Behavior at the University of California, Irvine. Together they are the authors of the new book, Bird Brains and Behavior: A Synthesis (available open access here). Here, Georg, Andrew, and I consider the deep history of birds—how they skirted the mass extinction event that felled the dinosaurs, and then radiated out into the 11,000 plus species we know today. We talk about how bird brains differ from those of mammals and reptiles—in terms of their size, but also in terms of their major structures, and in terms of their wrinkliness. We tour some of the most peculiar and perplexing bird behaviors, and consider their neural and anatomical underpinnings. Finally, we consider what we can learn from bird brains, not just about birds but about brains in general—how they evolve, how they get wired up, how they do and do not vary. Along the way we touch on barn owls, hummingbirds, megapodes, mallards, pigeons, parrots, starlings, and underestimated waterfowl; we touch on how birds' brains change with the seasons; the enduring mystery of magnetoreception; the possibility of olfactory maps; the optocollic reflex; the social intelligence hypothesis and the extractive foraging hypothesis; precocial versus altricial bird species; split-body gynandromorphy; and the future of non-invasive work in bird neuroscience. Season 7 of Many Minds is now gathering steam. We've got some great episodes in the works for you. Just a little reminder that we'd be grateful—thrilled, even—if you could help us get the word out about our show. You might do this by leaving a rating or a review, or by telling a colleague about us. We really appreciate the support, friends! Without further ado, here's my conversation with Dr. Georg Striedter and Dr. Andrew Iwaniuk. Enjoy!   Notes 8:00 – For more on the deep history of the brains of birds and other vertebrates, see: Dr. Striedter's book (co-authored with R. Glenn Northcutt), Brains Through Time; this paper authored by Dr. Striedter and colleagues; and this paper authored by Dr. Iwaniuk and colleagues. 9:30 – The paper on neuron density in birds, by Dr. Pavel Němec and colleagues. 20:00 – For more about Dr. Striedter and colleagues revising some of the terminology for bird brain structures, see here and here. 24:00 – A paper by Dr. Striedter and colleagues on cortical folding.  34:00 – A recent paper describing seasonal neurogenesis in European starlings. 38:00 – A paper on the phenomenon of unihemispheric sleep across species. 42:00 – A video demonstrating the optocollic reflex in a bird. 45:00 – A paper on the puzzles of magnetoreception in birds and other animals. 51:00 – A classic paper on sound localization in barn owls.  54:00 – A paper by Dr. Iwaniuk and colleagues showing that harriers have an auditory system much like the (better-studied) owl. 58:00 – For more on place cells, the hippocampus, and cognitive maps, see our previous episode with Dr. Hugo Spiers. For more on the evolution of the hippocampus in birds and reptiles, see Dr. Striedter's paper here. 1:02:00 – For images of gynandromorphy in birds, see here and here. 1:10:00 – For a recent paper on “parental provisioning,” the precocial-altricial spectrum, and brain size in birds, see here. 1:13:00 – For examples of research on the social intelligence hypothesis in birds and other animals, see here and here. 1:18:00 – For work by Dr. Iwaniuk and colleagues on some of the most interesting features of parrot brains, see here. 1:27:00 – The Avonet database.   Recommendations Flight Paths, by Rebecca Heisman An Immense World, by Ed Yong [former guest!] Mind of the Raven, by Bernd Heinrich Bird Brain, by Nathan Emery Soul Made Flesh, by Carl Zimmer   Many Minds is a project of the Diverse Intelligences Summer Institute, which is made possible by a generous grant from the John Templeton Foundation to Indiana University. The show is hosted and produced by Kensy Cooperrider, with help from Assistant Producer Urte Laukaityte and with creative support from DISI Directors Erica Cartmill and Jacob Foster. Our artwork is by Ben Oldroyd. Subscribe to Many Minds on Apple, Stitcher, Spotify, Pocket Casts, Google Play, or wherever you listen to podcasts. You can also now subscribe to the Many Minds newsletter here! We welcome your comments, questions, and suggestions. Feel free to email us at: manymindspodcast@gmail.com. For updates about the show, visit our website or follow us on Bluesky (@manymindspod.bsky.social).

Today's episode continues with visual thinking. We will learn more about the accelerated learning patterns with visual thinking and the Autistic phenotype. Autistic individuals create detailed mental "catalogs" of images and experiences, much like AI's data processing. We explore Temple Grandin's vivid descriptions of thinking in pictures, alongside early observations from Kanner (1943) and Asperger (1944), who noted autistic intelligence in their "little professors." The discussion covers weak central coherence theory & specific details drives exceptional learning but can complicate social interactions and broader contextual understanding.We will discuss the Autistic brain and machine learning, from pattern recognition to iterative refinement. Enhanced neural connections, like those linking the visual and frontal cortex, enable Autistic individuals to excel in tasks requiring precision, such as spotting subtle differences or memorizing facts. The episode contrasts this unique cognitive style with societal norms, advocating for embracing these strengths.Frith & Happe Weak Central Coherence https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10803-005-0039-0Visual Thinking part 1: Neurobiology & Autistic's Intense Inner World https://youtu.be/XqQ8jCvWzYc?si=3cEIm1omi0JUAKSKDaylight Computer Companyuse "autism" for $50 off athttps://buy.daylightcomputer.com/autismChroma Light Devicesuse "autism" for 10% discount athttps://getchroma.co/?ref=autism00:00 - Introduction to Visual Thinking; "movies" in the mind, and its impact on learning.02:02 - Historical Context of Autism References to Leo Kanner (1943) and Hans Asperger (1944) highlight early observations of autistic intelligence, with terms like "little professors" and "autism" (from "autos," meaning self)04:01 - Social Norms vs. Autistic Phenotype The autistic cognitive style contrasts with societal expectations, which favor fitting individuals into predictable "boxes" for evaluation and acceptance, making social integration and education challenging for autistic individuals.06:01 - Cataloging and AI Parallels; mental catalogs & specific images or experiences, similar to AI & machine learning, catalogs for categories08:46 Weak Central Coherence Theory; local, detail-oriented processing over global integration, enabling strengths like spotting hidden shapes10:28 Enhanced Perceptual Functioning, visual and auditory domains, allowing precise cataloging of sensory details, tasks & precision.12:02 Anecdotal Person Comparison & Associative Learning15:30 Pattern Recognition and Detail Focus18:26 Types of Visual Thinkers20:36 Neural Connectivity23:22 Perceptual Learning and Neuroplasticity; Accelerated learning27:04 AI and Autistic Brain Similarities33:35 Daylight Computer Company (and Daylight Kids !), use "autism" for $50 discount35:53 Chroma Light Devices, use "autism" for 10% discount38:59 Don't underestimate this Autistic Phenotype.X: https://x.com/rps47586YT: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCGxEzLKXkjppo3nqmpXpzuAemail: info.fromthespectrum@gmail.com

Today's episode is all about visual thinking. We will explore vivid mental imagery and sensory processing. We will cover why Autistic individuals process detailed "pictures and movies" in the mind, exemplified by an anecdote of visualizing oak tree bark with tactile detail. Sensory challenges are highlighted, with a Bee Movie analogy illustrating the intense, efficient visual input. The Autistic sensory journey is described as fast but rocky, contrasting with non-autistic processing. Hyperconnectivity in visual pathways amplifies detail-oriented cognition, often leading to sensory overload.The episode explains how retinal ganglion cells and visual cortex hyperactivity enhance imagery in Autism. Kanner and Asperger's observations underscore visual memory strengths and technical interests, like pattern recognition. Increased mini-column density and reduced inhibition boost local processing but risk overload. Temple Grandin's insights show visual thinking's strengths in tasks like designing animal pathways, though social tasks challenge due to weaker prefrontal connectivity. The Autistic brain's wiring is framed as a unique strength, fostering intense, detailed cognitionTemple Grandin https://www.templegrandin.com/templegrandinbooks.htmlSensory Processing part 1 https://youtu.be/HTnFm8nY4oY?si=4Xso_tI_hMwhY_SXSensory Processing part 2 https://youtu.be/n31gyLb4ddM?si=CouaBhiVm8KixtG-Supplementing Relationships part 1 https://youtu.be/lglEGQ7pSlc?si=ncpla784LxOyUcQcSupplementing Relationships part 2 https://youtu.be/W8E2B7Qu4mg?si=UJE850SwvPmtOmEkDaylight Computer Companyuse "autism" for $50 off athttps://buy.daylightcomputer.com/autismChroma Light Devicesuse "autism" for 10% discount athttps://getchroma.co/?ref=autism00:00 Introduction to Visual Thinking02:00 Anecdote: Oak Tree Visualization; tree bark, tactile05:50 Sensory Processing Challenges; overload, information rate, avoidance09:40 Anecdote: Bee Movie Analogy; synchronized, intense, fast13:30 Autistic Sensory Rates/Speeds17:20 Eye Biology and Neural Relays; Retinal ganglion, SHANK3; Building Models details-to-general21:10 Magnocellular vs. Parvocellular Pathways; Motion, color, glutamate, GABA signaling25:00 Visual Cortex Hyperactivity; V1-V4, fMRI, synaptic pruning, details28:50 Mini-Columns and Sensory Overload; Neural units, inhibition, dense connections32:40 Kanner and Asperger Insights; Social isolation, technical interests, patterns38:39 Daylight Computer Company (and Daylight KIDS !), use "autism" for $50 discount40:54 Chroma Light Devices, use "autism" for 10% discount44:07 Reviews/Ratings & Contact InfoX: https://x.com/rps47586YT: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCGxEzLKXkjppo3nqmpXpzuAemail: info.fromthespectrum@gmail.com

My guest is Dr. Christof Koch, PhD, a pioneering researcher on the topic of consciousness, an investigator at the Allen Institute for Brain Science and the chief scientist at the Tiny Blue Dot Foundation. We discuss the neuroscience of consciousness—how it arises in our brain, how it shapes our identity and how we can modify and expand it. Dr. Koch explains how we all experience life through a unique “perception box,” which holds our beliefs, our memories and thus our biases about reality. We discuss how human consciousness is changed by meditation, non-sleep deep rest, psychedelics, dreams and virtual reality. We also discuss neuroplasticity (rewiring the brain), flow states and the ever-changing but also persistent aspect of the “collective consciousness” of humanity. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AGZ by AG1: https://drinkagz.com/huberman BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/huberman Our Place: https://fromourplace.com/huberman Helix: https://helixsleep.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman Timestamps (0:00) Christof Koch (2:31) Consciousness; Self, Flow States (8:02) NSDR, Yoga Nidra, Liminal States; State of Being, Intelligence vs Consciousness (13:14) Sponsors: BetterHelp & Our Place (15:53) Self, Derealization, Psychedelics; Selflessness & Flow States (19:53) Transformative Experience, VR, Racism & Self; Perception Box, Bayesian Model (28:29) Oliver Sacks, Empathy & Animals (34:01) Changing Outlook on Life, Tool: Belief & Agency (37:48) Sponsors: AGZ by AG1 & Helix Sleep (40:23) Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) & Higher Power (42:09) Neurobiology of Consciousness; Accidents, Covert Consciousness (51:09) Non-Responsive State; Disability Bias, Will to Live, Resilience (55:34) Will to Live, Akinetic Mutism, Neural Correlates of Consciousness (57:43) Conflicting Perception Boxes, Meta Prior, Religion, AI (1:06:47) AI, Violence, Swapping Perception Boxes, Video (1:12:19) 5-MeO-DMT, Psychedelics, Light, Consciousness & Awe; Loss of Self (1:20:54) Death, Mystical Experience, Ocean Analogy; Physicalism & Observer (1:27:57) Sponsor: LMNT (1:29:29) Meditation, Tool: Spacetime Bridging; Ball-bearing Analogy; Digital Twin (1:36:16) Mental Health Decline, Social Media, Pandemic, Family & Play, Tool: Body-Awareness Exercises (1:41:34) Dog Breeds; Movement, Cognitive Flexibility & Longevity (1:47:17) Cynicism, Ketamine, Tool: Belief Effect; Heroes & Finding Flaws (1:52:46) Cynicism vs Curiosity, Compassion; Deaths of Despair, Mental Health Crisis (1:57:26) Jennifer Aniston, Recognition & Neurons; Grandmother Hypothesis (2:03:20) Book Recommendation; Meaning of Life (2:09:10) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Follow & Reviews, Sponsors, YouTube Feedback, Protocols Book, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

ReferencesMol Neurobiol. 2019 Oct 8;57(2):910–925.Neural Regen Res. 2025 Apr 29;21(3):1037–1057.Open Biol. 2017 May 31;7(5):170069.Neurobiology of Disease 2025. v.207, April , 106852Chamber, W&J.1966 Time Has Come Today. Chambers Brothers. https://music.youtube.com/watch?v=4GPh7PLjUs4&si=N42P6DJJBBOjbPIrRagovoy and Meade. 1963. Time is on my Side. Rolling Stones.https://music.youtube.com/watch?v=ZHKz7FBUF1w&si=GdRI9xB7q_pOWY9vRogers/Slade/Mann 1975.Time is Right. Manfred Mannhttps://music.youtube.com/watch?v=WKtbbCB0Nm8&si=2J5ef4X0zO-PrKRVWaters/Gilmour/Mason/Wright 1973. Time. Pink Floyd. DSotMhttps://music.youtube.com/watch?v=yl-Ms_ek-kE&si=44M9K5WUf24LssAO

On today’s episode, we interview Dr. Brian Erkkila, the Director of Regulatory Science at Swedish Match North America, a subsidiary of Philip Morris International – makers of ZYN. A former scientist at the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) Center for Tobacco Products, Dr. Erkkila offers detailed insights on a new generation of smoke-free products and outlines opportunities for tobacco harm reduction. He also addresses common misconceptions about nicotine and explains how the FDA can do more to arm medical professionals with better advice for their patients who smoke. PMI U.S. recently released a white paper on the topic entitled "Getting Smart on Reduced Harm." Dr. Brian Erkkila is a regulatory scientist with a history of tackling complex regulatory issues, specializing in human health risk assessment, pharmacology, tobacco regulation, database development and science policy. He currently serves as the director of regulatory science at Swedish Match North America, a wholly owned subsidiary of Philip Morris International. Prior to this role, he worked at the Foundation for a Smoke-Free World, the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) Center for Tobacco Products, Office of Science, and the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Erkkila holds a BA in Neurobiology from The Johns Hopkins University and earned his PhD in Neurobiology from the University of Alabama at Birmingham. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This and all episodes at: https://aiandyou.net/ .     I'm talking with Megan Peters, who researches thinking about thinking, or metacognition. She is an Associate Professor in the UC Irvine Department of Cognitive Sciences, studying how the brain represents and uses uncertainty, focusing on how these abilities support metacognitive evaluations of the quality of our decisions. She's a Fellow in the UCI Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, the UCI Center for Theoretical Behavioral Sciences, and the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR) Brain Mind & Consciousness program. She's also President and Co-founder of Neuromatch, an educational platform serving over 30,000 students in over 120 countries across computational neurosciences, deep learning, computational climate science, and neuroAI. In our conclusion, we talk about Turing Tests, measuring the brain, the Haunted Mansion, some cool experiments on brains, and… cats. All this plus our usual look at today's AI headlines. Transcript and URLs referenced at HumanCusp Blog.            

Dr Tatkin is a clinician, researcher, teacher, and developer of the psychobiological approach to couples therapy, often referred to as PACT. He is assistant clinical professor in the family medicine department at the University of California. Dr Tatkin has authored numerous bestselling books on attachment and couples therapy, including: Wired for Love, Wired for Dating, In Each Other's Care, and Your Brain on Love. In this conversation, we explore: — How human beings behave according to procedural memory most of the time and why this is important to understand in couples work — Why relationships can be so difficult for humans — The difference between a secure functioning relationship and secure attachment And more. You can learn more about Dr Tatkin's work by visiting: thepactinstitute.com --- Stan Tatkin, PsyD, MFT, is a best-selling author, clinician, researcher, teacher, and developer of a Psychobiological Approach to Couple Therapy® (PACT). He has a clinical practice in Calabasas, CA, where he has specialized for the last 15 years in working with couples and individuals who wish to be in relationships. He and his wife, Tracey Boldemann-Tatkin, developed the PACT Institute to train clinicians to help challenging couples find secure-functioning relationships. He is the author of best-selling books We Do, Wired for Love, Wired for Dating and Love and War in Intimate Relationships, as well as the audio books Your Brain on Love and Relationship Rx. Dr. Tatkin also teaches family medicine residents at Kaiser Permanente, Woodland Hills, CA, and is an assistant clinical professor at the UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine. He travels throughout the United States and abroad with the PACT Institute teaching therapists how to help couples build secure-functioning relationships. --- 3 Books Dr Stan Tatkin Recommends Every Therapist Should Read: — Handbook of Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications - Jude Cassidy - https://amzn.to/4aIbYGJ — Lyons-Ruth, K., L. Dutra, M. R. Schuder, and I. Bianchi. 2006. "From Infant Attachment Disorganization to Adult Dissociation: Relational Adaptations or Traumatic Experiences?" Psychiatric Clinics of North America 29 (1): 63–86. - https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2006-03379-005 — Schore, A. N. 2000. "Attachment and the regulation of the right brain." Attachment & Human Development 1 (2): 23–47. - https://www.allanschore.com/pdf/SchoreAttachHumDev.pdf

Dr. Hancock was raised in the San Francisco Bay Area, where she was active in Pony Club, competing in lower level three day eventing. Dr. Hancock completed her studies at Colorado State University, graduating with a BS in Equine Science, an MS in Anatomy and Neurobiology, and a Doctorate of Veterinary Medicine in 2003. She spent 10 years as general equine practitioner in Eastern North Carolina where she built her skills in emergency, dentistry, performance horse and lameness evaluation, reproduction, preventative medicine and integrative health. She also trained with the International Veterinary Acupuncture Society and completed her EDO certification with the Vluggen Institute to become an equine osteopath. Eager to offer progressive and superior services, she continually strives to improve her veterinary diagnostic, integrative medicine, and performance horse education. In 2013, Dr. Hancock purchased Rectortown Equine and permanently relocated the practice to Warrenton, Virginia at which point the practice changed to True North Equine Veterinary Services. Dr. Hancock's goal is to nurture successful partnerships with horses and their owners that can last a lifetime.

This and all episodes at: https://aiandyou.net/ . Have you ever thought about thinking? That's called metacognition, and Megan Peters thinks about that, a lot. She is an Associate Professor in the UC Irvine Department of Cognitive Sciences, researching how the brain represents and uses uncertainty, focusing on how these abilities support metacognitive evaluations of the quality of our decisions. She's a Fellow in the UCI Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, the UCI Center for Theoretical Behavioral Sciences, and the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR) Brain Mind & Consciousness program. She's also President and Co-founder of Neuromatch, an educational platform serving over 30,000 students in over 120 countries across computational neurosciences, deep learning, computational climate science, and neuroAI. We get really meta here: talking about thinking about thinking,  how we build models of the world, how language shapes our thinking, whether AI is doing metacognition in its chains of thought, statistical learning in AIs and humans, consciousness in humans and animals and AIs, and theories of consciousness. All this plus our usual look at today's AI headlines. Transcript and URLs referenced at HumanCusp Blog.            

Scientific Sense ® by Gill Eapen: Prof. Kanaka Rajan is Associate Professor of Neurobiology at Harvard Medical School, and a founding faculty member of the Kempner Institute for the Study of Natural and Artificial Intelligence at Harvard University. Her research seeks to understand how important cognitive functions—such as learning, remembering, and deciding—emerge from the cooperative activity of multi-scale neural processes. Please subscribe to this channel:https://www.youtube.com/c/ScientificSense?sub_confirmation=1

Dr. Chris Masterjohn is the host of the Mastering Nutrition Podcast and founder of Mitome, where he helps people optimize their mitochondrial health through advanced analysis. He received his PhD in Nutritional Sciences from the University of Connecticut, completed his postdoctoral research at the University of Illinois, and served as Assistant Professor at Brooklyn College before choosing to work independently - free from institutional constraints - in science research and education. His groundbreaking SSRI series on his substack hasn't just exposed the truth about these drugs. It's revealed that we've been looking at them completely wrong. Dr. McFillin and Dr. Masterjohn expose how these drugs act as mitochondrial toxins, disrupt cellular energy, and deplete serotonin. They also explore the consequences no one talks about: from prenatal exposure to why so many patients say they feel “dead inside.”Chris Masterjohn, PhD Website Dr. Roger McFillin / Radically Genuine WebsiteYouTube @RadicallyGenuineDr. Roger McFillin (@DrMcFillin) / XSubstack | Radically Genuine | Dr. Roger McFillinInstagram @radicallygenuineContact Radically GenuineConscious Clinician CollectivePLEASE SUPPORT OUR PARTNERS15% Off Pure Spectrum CBD (Code: RadicallyGenuine)10% off Lovetuner click here

In this episode Fred interviews Dr. Shaleen Kendrick, the creator of the cutting-edge Neuro-Relational Leadership™ model, which merges neuroscientific understanding with Enneagram wisdom to create cultures where humans can grow, thrive, and evolve. Shaleen's aim is to contribute to humanity's forward momentum by helping the integration of humanity's three intelligence centers—mental (mind), instinctual (body), and emotional (spirit)—in unique ways and with interdisciplinary insights. This interdisciplinary model can be practically applied across various contexts to create growth and emergent abilities in individuals, organizations, and societal systems. NRL™ creates dynamic balance, adaptive functioning, and new emergent ability. https://www.shaleenkendrick.com/ https://www.nrintegration.com/  

TWiN discusses research showing that Lactobacillus acidophilus promotes cognitive function recovery after cerebral ischemia, by regulating microglial peroxisomal function. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Vivianne Morrison, and Tim Cheung Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS Links for this episode MicrobeTV Discord Server Arc is pdb molecule of the month (PDB) Probiotics after stroke (Cell Host Microbe) Timestamps by Jolene Ramsey. Thanks! Music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your neuroscience questions and comments to twin@microbe.tv

While we're on summer break, we're bringing back some of the most impactful episodes that deserve a second listen—and this one is just too good to pass up. This is our last re-release for the summer. We will be back with new episodes on September 9th, so be sure to tune back in. In this episode, we're going deep into the neurobiology of eating disorders with Dr. Jeffrey DeSarbo, a renowned psychiatrist and medical director of ED-180, one of the largest private eating disorder treatment centers in the U.S. If you've ever wondered why eating disorder recovery can feel so hard, or what's really going on in the brain beneath the behaviors, this episode will open your eyes and deepen your understanding. Dr. DeSarbo explains the science in a way that's relatable, clear, and deeply compassionate. From the neurological impacts of restriction, binging, and purging to the effects of compulsive exercise and body image distress, we're unpacking it all. This conversation is a must-listen for clinicians, individuals in recovery, and anyone curious about the “why” behind the “what.” In this episode, we're talking about: Dr. Jeffrey De Sarbo's unique path from finance to psychiatry, and how he became a leading expert in eating disorder neurobiology. Why eating disorders are “half medical, half psychiatric”—and how this complexity makes them uniquely challenging and important to understand. What neurobiology really means, and how our brains function through electrochemical energy. The role of genetics and epigenetics in eating disorders, and why some people are more biologically predisposed than others. How brain scans show measurable differences in individuals with eating disorders, especially in how different regions of the brain communicate. Why “just eat” or “just stop” is a myth, and how deeply biological factors resist simplistic solutions. How behaviors like binging can physically change the brain, creating patterns that mimic addiction and drive compulsion. What restriction does to the brain, including loss of gray and white matter and cognitive impairment, even when someone appears high-functioning. The dangerous effects of purging, from electrolyte imbalances to cardiac issues, and why “feeling fine” doesn't mean you're medically safe. The neurobiology of compulsive exercise, and how stress hormones and overtraining harm the brain's ability to function and recover. Why body image distress is not just emotional but neurological, with altered blood flow patterns and measurable differences in perception. How neurobiology informs the recovery process, and why rewiring the brain is both essential and entirely possible—with time, persistence, and support. Tweetable Quotes "Eating disorders are not a choice. It's something that happens." - Dr. DeSarbo "Oftentimes, when we work with our eating disorder patients, they have 10,000 plus hours of eating disorder thought processes—so they become experts." - Dr. DeSarbo "Restriction with anorexia nervosa is giving you a compromised brain." - Dr. DeSarbo "You're invincible until you are not—and then it is too late." - Rachelle Heinemann "What percentage of your free thoughts, when you're not busy actively doing something, do you spend thinking about or worrying about food, weight, body image, calories, exercise?" - Dr. DeSarbo Resources ED180  The Brain and Neurobiology of Eating Disorders Translating ED Nora Volkaw Grab my Journal Prompts Here! Looking for a speaker for an upcoming event? Let's chat! Accepting new clients in July - Find out if we're a good fit!   LEAVE A REVIEW + help someone who may need this podcast by sharing this episode. Be sure to sign up for my weekly newsletter here! You can connect with me on Instagram @rachelleheinemann, through my website www.rachelleheinemann.com, or email me directly at rachelle@rachelleheinemann.com

This episode is brought to you by Alma. Visit HelloAlma.com/ATPP to learn more Get the Couples Therapy 101 course: https://www.couplestherapistcouch.com/ Join the Couples Therapist Inner Circle: https://www.couplestherapistcouch.com/inner-circle-new Join The Couples Therapist Couch Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/295562197518469/ In this episode, Shane talks with Dr. Dan Siegel about brain science & attachment. Dan is the Clinical Professor of Psychiatry at the UCLA School of Medicine, Executive Director of the Mindsight Institute, and Author of numerous books & articles on mindfulness & neurobiology. Hear how interpersonal neurobiology applies to couples therapy, why our brain plays such a big part in our relationships, how much attachment influences the present, the benefits of mindfulness, and how to work on the emotional health of your clients. To learn more about Dr. Dan Siegel, his courses, and his books, visit: DrDanSiegel.com MindsightInstitute.com  

Smiling is a universal way to show happiness. But not all smiles are happy. In reality, we smile less for happiness than for social reasons that have nothing to do with happiness. That said, few things are more ingratiating and calming as another person's genuinely warm smile. But, maybe it's because a genuine smile is such a great thing that we're always looking for the false one. But we shouldn't assume that a smile that reflects something other than unadulterated joy is always a bad thing. Smiling has an evolutionary function, helping to ensure our survival after birth. Babies first smile while still in the womb and deliberately smile at us shortly thereafter less because they're thrilled to have us as parents and more to keep us happy with them. There's a reason for this. Smiling has high social benefits: those who smile are considered more social, more accessible, more helpful, and more attractive. But, what happens when you can't smile? The absence of a smile is life-changing, yet until we lose it, we take it for granted. There are many illnesses that make it difficult to smile including Parkinson's Disease, Bell's Palsy, and Moebius Syndrome, a particularly devastating illness that afflicts babies. Today, we talk to Jonathan Kalb, a professor of Theatre at Hunter College who spent three years recovering his smile after developing what he thought was a temporary bout of Bell's Palsy. He wrote this thoughtful essay on his experience for The New Yorker. Beyond the inability to smile, what happens you just don't want to smile? The social customs for smiling vary between countries, with many countries feeling we Americans simply smile too much. Partly, it depends on whether you're a woman. As a result, women may smile more, even when they don't want to. GUESTS: Jonathan Kalb: Professor of Theatre at Hunter College CUNY and the author of multiple books on theatre Marianne LaFrance: Professor of Psychology and Women’s Gender and Sexuality Studies at Yale University and the author of Why Smile: The Science Behind Facial Expressions Margaret Livingstone: Professor of Neurobiology at Harvard University, and author of Vision and Art: The Biology of Seeing The Colin McEnroe Show is available as a podcast on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, Amazon Music, TuneIn, Listen Notes, or wherever you get your podcasts. Subscribe and never miss an episode! Subscribe to The Noseletter, an email compendium of merriment, secrets, and ancient wisdom brought to you by The Colin McEnroe Show. Colin McEnroe and Chion Wolf contributed to this show, which originally aired on March 31, 2015.Support the show: http://www.wnpr.org/donateSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Retired Detective Justin Boardman spent 15 years in law enforcement with Utah's West Valley City Police Department, including seven years in the Special Victim's Unit. During that time, he conducted nearly 300 forensic interviews with child victims and 140 interviews with adult sexual assault survivors. Justin co-authored a groundbreaking Trauma-Informed Victim Interview Protocol (with Donna Kelly) that integrates the Neurobiology of Trauma into investigations—leading to improved prosecutions and critical culture change in law enforcement. In this conversation, Justin shares: How trauma affects memory and disclosure Why traditional investigative approaches often fail survivors The role of empathy and understanding in law enforcement His mission to push for victim-centered, suspect-focused, trauma-informed investigations Learn more about Justin and his trainings at justinboardman.com. ✨ Ready to live more authentically—in your emotions, your energy, and your relationships? Book a session with our expert practitioners at radiatewellnesscommunity.com/appointment.

This episode is brought to you by Alma. Visit HelloAlma.com/ATPP to learn more Get the Couples Therapy 101 course: https://www.couplestherapistcouch.com/ Join the Couples Therapist Inner Circle: https://www.couplestherapistcouch.com/inner-circle-new Join The Couples Therapist Couch Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/295562197518469/ In this episode, Shane talks with Juliane Taylor Shore about boundaries & neurobiology. Juliane is an Educator, Therapist, and Writer inspiring people to shift their relationships with self, others, and the world. She's the Author of “Setting Boundaries That Stick: How Neurobiology Can Help You Rewire Your Brain to Feel Safe, Connected, and Empowered.” Hear how our salience network works, how our emotions & history influence our actions, how to witness yourself doing therapy, why you're a gift to the clients you work with, and how we can work with our brains to learn how to witness our minds. To learn more about Juliane Taylor Shore, her book, and her workshops, visit: JulianeTaylorShore.com JulianeTaylorShore.com/Book   You can also listen to Juliane on Episode 199 of The Couples Therapist Couch  

For today's episode, we will cover B2 (insistence on sameness, inflexible routines, and ritualized behaviors) and B3 (highly restricted, fixated interests with abnormal intensity). It emphasizes the preference for an internal world, where repetition and self-directed learning thrive, contrasting this with societal misunderstandings that label such behaviors as abnormal. The episode critiques societal pressures to conform to broad knowledge expectations, highlighting how Autistics find comfort in their self-driven focus, supported by neurobiological insights like the role of the mesencephalon in attention and environmental interaction.Further, the episode addresses the challenges Autistics face with external disruptions, like unpredictable social interactions or changes to routines, which can feel debilitating due to the brain's predictive nature and metabolic energy demands. The discussion ties these struggles to the medial prefrontal cortex's role in adaptive responses, explaining why Autistics may resist environmental changes to maintain their internal homeostasis. The episode underscores the unique learning style of Autistics, advocating for self-directed interests over externally imposed norms.Daylight Computer Companyuse "autism" for $25 off athttps://buy.daylightcomputer.com/RYAN03139Chroma Iight Devicesuse "autism" for 10% discount athttps://getchroma.co/?ref=autism00:00 Daylight Computer Company, use "autism" for $25 discount02:24 Autism DSM Criteria B, Autism phenotypes, DSM criteria B, restricted repetitive behaviors, focus on B2 and B3, prior episodes (1, 2, 6, 7).04:42 B2: Insistence on Sameness, DSM B2, insistence on sameness, inflexible routines, distress at small changes, rigid thinking05:24 B3: Fixated Interests and Autistic Intelligence, DSM B3, Kenner/Asperger kids, autistic intelligence, societal mislabeling.07:15 Autism and Societal Misunderstandings, Autos (self), societal confusion, discomfort with complexity, Autistics' comfort in self, internal state shifts.09:19 Autistic Learning, Love, & Internal World, Autistic intelligence, learning, repetition, professing, self-directed learning, societal pressure.11:40 Path, Meaning, & Love; “Daimon”14:42 Neurobiology and Environmental Interaction, Mesencephalon (midbrain), motor movement, sensory integration, attention bias, lack of environmental orientation, social implications, embryogenesis, Autistic resistance to external changes.17:34 Chroma Light Devices, use "autism" for 10% discount20:43 Routines, Social Challenges, and Adaptive Responses, B2 routines, external insults, brain as prediction machine, metabolic energy, social interactions, Autistic efficiency, frustration with unpredictability, medial prefrontal cortex, adaptive responses25:21 Reviews/Ratings & Contact InfoX: https://x.com/rps47586YT: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCGxEzLKXkjppo3nqmpXpzuAemail: info.fromthespectrum@gmail.com

Ruminations and reassurances. Checking and counting. Suffering and stigmas. It's OCD, babes! OCD is now considered one of the most common psychiatric conditions, afflicting 2% to 3% of the general population, and this episode is among our top-requested topics. So we snagged a top-shelf ologist: psychiatrist, researcher, advocate and OCD Neurobiologist, *the* Dr. Wayne Goodman. We cover myths, misconceptions, diagnosis and treatment options for OCD, as well as advice for loved ones. Also: PANDAS, famous folks who are helping break the silence on it, intrusive thoughts, deep brain stimulation, genetic components, links to Tourette's Syndrome, finding the right doctor, and the behavioral therapy that is the gold standard for OCD. And surprise! Later this week we'll have a bonus episode on OCD lived experience with neuroscientist, mental health advocate and OCD-haver, Uma Chatterjee. View Dr. Goodman's publications on ResearchGate and follow him on Google ScholarA donation went to International OCD FoundationMore episode sources and linksSmologies (short, classroom-safe) episodesOther episodes you may enjoy: Attention-Deficit Neuropsychology (ADHD), Molecular Neurobiology (BRAIN CHEMICALS), Volitional Psychology (PROCRASTINATION), Suicidology (SUICIDE PREVENTION & AWARENESS), Post-Viral Epidemiology (LONG COVID), Disability Sociology (DISABILITY PRIDE), Gustology (TASTE), Oikology (DECLUTTERING)Sponsors of OlogiesTranscripts and bleeped episodesBecome a patron of Ologies for as little as a buck a monthOlogiesMerch.com has hats, shirts, hoodies, totes!Follow Ologies on Instagram and BlueskyFollow Alie Ward on Instagram and TikTokEditing by Mercedes Maitland of Maitland Audio Productions and Jake ChaffeeManaging Director: Susan HaleScheduling Producer: Noel DilworthTranscripts by Aveline Malek Website by Kelly R. DwyerTheme song by Nick Thorburn

TWiN explains research which identifies the regions of the brain that register a long-lasting aversion to potentially poisonous food even with meal to illness delays of several days. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, and Tim Cheung Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS Links for this episode MicrobeTV Discord Server A neural mechanism for post-ingestion feedback (Nature) Timestamps by Jolene Ramsey. Thanks! Music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your neuroscience questions and comments to twin@microbe.tv

Rejection Sensitivity Dysphoria (RSD) isn't about being overly sensitive. It's about a nervous system that experiences rejection as danger. In this episode, I explore RSD through the lens of relational neuroscience, attachment, memory, and regulation. Whether you see this in yourself or your child, this episode will help you understand why rejection feels so big, and what actually helps.In this episode, you'll learn:Why RSD reactions are so intense and how they're rooted in memory and nervous system statesHow attachment experiences shape our sensitivity to rejectionWhat actually helps when RSD shows up (for you or your child), including co-regulation and self-compassionResources mentioned in this podcast:Trauma, Memory, & Behavior: Part 1 {EP 90}The Neurobiology of Toxic Shame {EP 119}1% Better Is Enough. {EP 166}All Behavior Makes Sense {EP 198}Read the full transcript at:RobynGobbel.com/rejectivesensitivityProfessionals who work with parents of kids with big, baffling behaviors!Join us for Reframing Resistance: Supporting Parents and Caregivers thru the Lens of Relational Neuroscience.See the website for all details and to register!RobynGobbel.com/ReframingResistance Check Out All Robyn's Free Resources!You can download all sorts of free resources, including webinars, eBook, and infographics about topics such as lying, boundaries, and co-regulation!RobynGobbel.com/FreeResources :::Grab a copy of my book Raising Kids with Big, Baffling Behaviors robyngobbel.com/bookJoin us in The Club for more support! robyngobbel.com/TheClubApply for the Baffling Behavior Training Institute's Professional Immersion Program (formerly Being With) robyngobbel.com/ImmersionFollow Me On:FacebookInstagram Over on my website you can find:Webinar and eBook on Focus on the Nervous System to Change Behavior (FREE)eBook on The Brilliance of Attachment (FREE)LOTS & LOTS of FREE ResourcesOngoing support, connection, and co-regulation for struggling parents: The ClubYear-Long Immersive & Holistic Training Program for Parenting Professionals: The Baffling Behavior Training Institute's (BBTI) Professional Immersion Program (formerly Being With)

In today's episode I am joined by Yale neuroscientist Dr. Dylan Gee for a fascinating look at what's actually happening in our children's brains when we offer support, warmth, and connection. We delve into the neurobiology and neurobiological mechanisms that underpin parent-child interactions, particularly focusing on emotional development. We also dive into the individual differences in children's needs, the concept of 'safety signals,' and the balance between parental support and fostering independence.I WROTE MY FIRST BOOK! Order your copy of The Five Principles of Parenting: Your Essential Guide to Raising Good Humans Here: https://bit.ly/3rMLMsLSubscribe to my free newsletter for parenting tips delivered straight to your inbox: draliza.substack.com Follow me on Instagram for more:@raisinggoodhumanspodcast Sponsors:Wayfair: Shop outdoor furniture, grills, lawn games, and WAY more for WAY less. Head to Wayfair.com right now to explore a HUGE outdoor selection. Quince: Give your summer closet an upgrade—with Quince. Go to Quince.com/humans for free shipping on your order and three hundred and sixty-five -day returns. TWaterWipes: Visit WaterWipes.com to learn more about how WaterWipes effectively cleans with minimal ingredients that leave nothing behind.ResortPass: Visit resortpass.com/humans and use code humans at checkout for $20 off your first purchase.Bobbie: Bobbie is offering an additional 10% off on your purchase with the code:humans. Visit www.hibobbie.com to find the Bobbie formula that fits your journey.Visit LiveConscious.com today and use code HUMANS at checkout.Please note that this episode may contain paid endorsements and advertisements for products and services. Individuals on the show may have a direct or indirect financial interest in products or services referred to in this episode.Produced by Dear Media.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.