Podcast appearances and mentions of Oliver Cromwell

After the execution of King Charles I, England became a Republic for the only time in its history. Yet why was this revolutionary moment so short-lived? Why did Oliver Cromwell's Commonwealth collapse?Professor Suzannah Lipscomb explores its rise and demise with a panel of expert historians: Professor Ronald Hutton, Dr. Jonathan Healey and Dr. Miranda Malins. Together they discuss what the Republic's failure reveals about authority, popular consent, and the enduring pull of monarchy in 17th-century Britain.MORE:The English Civil WarListen on AppleListen on SpotifyOliver Cromwell v. Charles IListen on AppleListen on SpotifyPresented by Professor Suzannah Lipscomb. The researcher is Max Wintle, audio editor is Amy Haddow and the producers are Fiona Turnock and Rob Weinberg. The senior producer is Anne-Marie Luff.All music courtesy of Epidemic Sounds.Not Just the Tudors is a History Hit podcastSign up to History Hit for hundreds of hours of original documentaries, with a new release every week. Sign up at https://www.historyhit.com/subscribe  Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Revolutionary leader Oliver Cromwell was executed on 30th January, 1661 - despite having been dead for more than two years. His body was exhumed from its tomb in Westminster Abbey on the instruction of King Charles II, who sought retribution for those involved in the trial and execution of his father, Charles I. Along with other Regicides, Cromwell's corpse was disinterred and subjected to public abuse. On the anniversary of Charles I's beheading, Cromwell's head was mounted on a spike and stuck on the roof of Westminster Hall - where it remained for thirty years. In this episode, Arion, Rebecca and Olly track the illustrious history of Cromwell's head from that date forth; consider whether the crowd in attendance at the ‘execution' really hated their former Lord Protector as much as their jeering suggests; and explain how the intervention of a future Prime Minister prevented Cromwell's relic being put on public display as recently as the 19th Century… Further Reading: • ‘Oliver Cromwell: Hero or Villain?' (HistoryExtra, 2014) : https://www.historyextra.com/period/stuart/oliver-cromwell-hero-or-villain/ • ‘The Strange Saga of Oliver Cromwell's Head' (Mental Floss, 2019): https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/585591/oliver-cromwells-head-history • ‘Opening The Coffin Of Oliver Cromwell' (The Fortress, 2023): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SR0_DE2zQgU We'll be back on Monday - unless you join CLUB RETROSPECTORS, where we give you ad-free listening AND a full-length Sunday episode every week!Plus, weekly bonus content, unlock over 70 bonus bits, and support our independent podcast.Join now via Apple Podcasts or Patreon. Thanks!The Retrospectors are Olly Mann, Rebecca Messina & Arion McNicoll, with Matt Hill.Theme Music: Pass The Peas. Announcer: Bob Ravelli. Graphic Design: Terry Saunders. Edit Producer: Ollie Peart.Copyright: Rethink Audio / Olly Mann 2026. This episode originally aired in 2024. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

As the English Civil War ground on and the tides began to turn against the Royalist forces, Charles II decamped to Europe for his own safety. His mother was in Paris, but he also spent a lot of time in The Hague, where his sister Mary was the wife of William II, Prince of Orange. Charles, then still just the Prince of Wales, met a Welsh lass there named Lucy Walter. Lucy had skipped out on the UK to get away from her parents, whose ugly divorce had risen to high scandal, and was hoping to find her fortune - via a husband or lover - in the English Court-in-exile. In May of 1648, Lucy met Charles, and a relatively brief romance transpired, but one that produced Prince Charles's first child. Happily, Charles eagerly acknowledged his son, who would go on to become the Duke of Monmouth. Less happily, agents of English dictator Oliver Cromwell kidnapped the boy for 10 days, and years later, long after the romance was over, his own father would successfully kidnap him to hide him from Cromwell and other dangers. Sadly, Lucy died some time in 1658, and never saw her old flame on the English throne, or her son as a Duke. Listen ad-free at patreon.com/trashyroyalspodcast. To advertise on this podcast, reach out to info@amplitudemediapartners.com.

As the English Civil War ground on and the tides began to turn against the Royalist forces, Charles II decamped to Europe for his own safety. His mother was in Paris, but he also spent a lot of time in The Hague, where his sister Mary was the wife of William II, Prince of Orange.Charles, then still just the Prince of Wales, met a Welsh lass there named Lucy Walter. Lucy had skipped out on the UK to get away from her parents, whose ugly divorce had risen to high scandal, and was hoping to find her fortune - via a husband or lover - in the English Court-in-exile.In May of 1648, Lucy met Charles, and a relatively brief romance transpired, but one that produced Prince Charles's first child. Happily, Charles eagerly acknowledged his son, who would go on to become the Duke of Monmouth. Less happily, agents of English dictator Oliver Cromwell kidnapped the boy for 10 days, and years later, long after the romance was over, his own father would successfully kidnap him to hide him from Cromwell and other dangers.Sadly, Lucy died some time in 1658, and never saw her old flame on the English throne, or her son as a Duke.Listen ad-free at patreon.com/trashyroyalspodcast.To advertise on this podcast, reach out to info@amplitudemediapartners.com.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Incogni advertisement“Use code [YOUR-UNIQUE-CODE] at the linkbelow to get an exclusive 60% off an annualIncogni plan: https://incog-ni.com/your-unique-code”  Your URL is: https://incogni.com/earthancientsDestiny: Ronnie Pontiac, The Rosicrucian Counterculture (show notes)A cultural exploration of the esoteric movement and its historical impact and legacy• Examines the Rosicrucian involvement of figures like Rene Descartes, Robert Fludd, John Dee, Elias Ashmole, and the alchemist pirate Prince Rupert of the Rhine• Traces the saga of Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor, and his countercultural successors Frederick and Elizabeth, who triggered the Thirty Years' War• Shows how Rosicrucianism inspired the English Revolution and explores the Rosicrucianism of John Winthrop the Younger, Connecticut's founderSince the appearance of Rosicrucian manuscripts in 17th-century Germany, historians have questioned the authorship, intent, and significance of this esoteric movement. In this book, Ronnie Pontiac shows how Rosicrucianism's underground influence in the early-modern period continues to the present, providing the important historical context of this invisible society.Pontiac looks at the esoteric culture around Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II and his court, including figures like John Dee, Tycho Brahe, and Rabbi Loew, the legendary creator of the Golem of Prague. Despite occultists' fascination with Rudolf 's successors, Frederick and Elizabeth, at the start of the Thirty Years' War—and Rosicrucian efforts to make Frederick the first Protestant Holy Roman Emperor—the esoteric renaissance in Bohemia was short-lived. However, this wasn't the end of Rosicrucianism.Pontiac explores the movement's impact on Oliver Cromwell and the English Revolution as well as individuals such as Robert Fludd, René Descartes, Elias Ashmole, Moritz the Learned, Paracelsus, and William Shakespeare. He then details the movement's arrival in the New World, including the Rosicrucian activities of Connecticut's alchemist governor, John Winthrop the Younger. Looking to the present, Pontiac shows how both pop culture and the modern psychedelic counterculture are informed by Rosicrucian ideas, showing the enduring legacy of this esoteric movement.Ronnie Pontiac worked as Manly P. Hall's research assistant for seven years. A producer of award-winning documentaries, he is the author of American Metaphysical Religion and coauthor with Tamra Lucid of The Magic of the Orphic Hymns and the 10-part YouTube video series The Unobstructed Way.Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/earth-ancients--2790919/support.

Geoffs you are in for a TREAT this week as Spencer tells us all about the posthumous execution of Oliver Cromwell! But that's not all, Madison is talking about some tragic tombstone disasters! We've got an obituary for a New York icon, one for a tombstone ‘entrepreneur' with some DRAMA! And so much more; oh and baby we didn't forget, we've got some dumb.ass.criminallllllls! Let's go! Watch us on YouTube: Youtube.com/@obitchuarypodcast Buy our book: prh.com/obitchuary Come see us live on tour: obitchuarypodcast.com Join our Patreon: Patreon.com/cultliter Follow us on Twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/otwitchuary Follow along online: @obitchuarypod on Twitter & Instagram @obitchuarypodcast on TikTok Check out Spencer's other podcast Cult Liter wherever you're listening! Sources:https://uk.news.yahoo.com/florida-woman-flies-sunroof-bizarre-093309019.htmlhttps://www.newspapers.com/image/175101585/?article=097d778d-90d9-4952-9a2f-749aaafe3bba&terms=gigantichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Cromwellhttps://thetudorenthusiast.weebly.com/blog/the-execution-of-thomas-cromwellhttps://www.theanneboleynfiles.com/anne/fall-articles/anne-boleyns-downfall-who-was-responsible/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c0j8vn2ne70ohttps://www.cromwellmuseum.org/cromwell/significancehttps://www.opb.org/article/2025/12/30/skylne-memorial-gardens-cemetery-plot-burial/https://www.weirduniverse.net/blog/categories/category/stupid_criminalshttps://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2020-08-28-tombstone-entrepreneur-lebohang-khitsane-dies/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZpepdwWAt8Qhttps://griffithmemorials.com/who-is-responsible-for-gravestone-maintenance/https://www.nbcdfw.com/news/local/tombstone-fatally-crushes-cemetery-worker/2122287/https://www.beaumontenterprise.com/news/article/tombstone-fatally-crushes-texas-cemetery-worker-4964057.phphttps://www.nbcnews.com/video/tombstone-crushes-cemetery-worker-to-death-61797955656https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/headlines/2012/07/utah-boy-4-dies-after-being-crushed-by-tombstonehttps://www.cbsnews.com/news/carson-dean-cheney-utah-boy-crushed-by-tombstone-jury-makes-decision/https://kutv.com/news/local/family-honors-late-son-by-hiding-toy-cars-around-the-worldhttps://heavenslawfirm.com/pennsylvania-man-killed-by-cemetery-headstone/https://abcnews.go.com/US/mother-laws-gravestone-falls-pennsylvania-man-killing/story?id=30022018https://www.cbsnews.com/pittsburgh/news/man-decorating-family-grave-for-easter-killed-by-falling-headstone/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/pennsylvania-man-dies-tragic-tombstone-accident-cops-n333766https://nypost.com/2015/03/31/mother-in-laws-tombstone-falls-on-man-killing-him/https://www.newspapers.com/image/1050504071/?match=1&terms=crushed%20by%20tombstonehttps://www.kltv.com/story/18764100/child-killed-when-tombstone-falls-on-her/https://www.wsoctv.com/news/4-year-old-girl-killed-after-crushed-falling-tombs/329969685/https://www.foxnews.com/us/family-set-to-bury-little-girl-crushed-by-tombstone-cross.print  Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

History includes a lot of highs and lows, but England's Interregnum period was a particularly low low. King Charles I had been defeated in the English Civil War and was tried and beheaded in January 1649. For the next eleven years, various flavors of religious extremists, mostly under the sway of Oliver Cromwell, governed the realm (badly). Cromwell died in 1658 and his successor, his son Richard, proved a more miserable leader than even his predecessors, which led to the restoration of the monarchy and Charles II strolling into an eager London on his 30th birthday. By then, his reputation as a ladies' man was already well established, and for a grateful nation, it was time to let the good times roll once again. Listen ad-free at patreon.com/trashyroyalspodcast. To advertise on this podcast, reach out to info@amplitudemediapartners.com.

History includes a lot of highs and lows, but England's Interregnum period was a particularly low low. King Charles I had been defeated in the English Civil War and was tried and beheaded in January 1649. For the next eleven years, various flavors of religious extremists, mostly under the sway of Oliver Cromwell, governed the realm (badly).Cromwell died in 1658 and his successor, his son Richard, proved a more miserable leader than even his predecessors, which led to the restoration of the monarchy and Charles II strolling into an eager London on his 30th birthday. By then, his reputation as a ladies' man was already well established, and for a grateful nation, it was time to let the good times roll once again.Listen ad-free at patreon.com/trashyroyalspodcast.To advertise on this podcast, reach out to info@amplitudemediapartners.com.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

THE NEW MODEL ARMY AND THE REGICIDE Colleague Jonathan Healey. Parliament reorganizes its forces into the New Model Army under Thomas Fairfax and Oliver Cromwell, prioritizing merit over social status. After defeating the Royalists at Naseby, political divisions emerge between Presbyterians and Independents regarding the settlement. The Army debates a new constitution at Putney, pitting Henry Ireton against democratic Levelers. Charles I's refusal to negotiate leads to a second civil war. Concluding the King is a tyrant, radicals try and execute Charles I in 1649, a shocking public act performed in the name of the people. NUMBER 527TH CENTURY LONDON

THE REPUBLIC AND THE RULE OF CROMWELL Colleague Jonathan Healey. Following the regicide, John Lambert drafts the "Instrument of Government," creating a constitution with checks and balances. Oliver Cromwellbecomes Lord Protector, achieving stability and military success despite the shock of the King's execution. However, his rule relies on the army, alienating democratic radicals and Royalists. Parliament offers Cromwell the crown to legitimize his power, but he refuses, believing God had cast down the monarchy. Cromwell manages to hold the factions together through force of personality, but his death in 1658 leaves a dangerous power vacuum. NUMBER 61690 ETON COLLEGE

A prophetess who warned Oliver Cromwell against killing the king. A Yorkshire maidservant who gained an audience with the Ottoman Sultan. The religious tumult of the 17th century gave ordinary women opportunities to have their voices heard more than ever before. Speaking to Ellie Cawthorne, Dr Naomi Baker looks at several of these radical religious women, who she profiles in her book Voices of Thunder.  (Ad) Naomi Baker is the author of Voices of Thunder: Radical Religious Women of the Seventeenth Century (Reaktion, 2025). Buy it now from Waterstones: https://go.skimresources.com?id=71026X1535947&xcust=historyextra-social-histboty&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.waterstones.com%2Fbook%2Fvoices-of-thunder%2Fnaomi-baker%2F9781836391197. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Hecate started as the ruling goddess of the Asian region of Caria, and got taken over by the Greeks as the only one able to operate in every realm of the cosmos. This then gave her special responsibility for travellers, doorways and restless ghosts. That slowly darkened her image, so that she became associated with the night, the moon, and magicians. By the Roman period, she was the goddess of sorcery par excellence, invoked for all sorts of enchantments, good or bad. In the late ancient worlds this also turned her into a saviour figure, enabling humans directly to contact the divine. This lecture traces that colourful journey.This lecture was recorded by Robin May on the 26th of November 2025 at Bernard's Inn Hall, LondonProfessor Hutton is Professor of History at the University of Bristol. He took degrees at Cambridge and then Oxford Universities, and was a fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford. He is now a Fellow of the British Academy, the Royal Historical Society, the Society of Antiquaries and the Learned Society of Wales, and has won awards for teaching and research.He has lectured all over the world, authored twenty books and ninety-six essays, appeared in or presented scores of television and radio programmes, and sits on the editorial boards of six journals concerned with the history of religion and magic.He is currently working on the third volume of his biography of Oliver Cromwell. The transcript of the lecture is available from the Gresham College website: https://www.gresham.ac.uk/watch-now/goddess-hecateGresham College has offered free public lectures for over 400 years, thanks to the generosity of our supporters. There are currently over 2,500 lectures free to access. We believe that everyone should have the opportunity to learn from some of the greatest minds. To support Gresham College's mission, please consider making a donation: https://www.gresham.ac.uk/get-involved/support-us/make-donation/donate-today Website:  https://gresham.ac.ukX: https://x.com/GreshamCollegeFacebook: https://facebook.com/greshamcollegeInstagram: https://instagram.com/greshamcollegeBluesky: https://bsky.app/profile/greshamcollege.bsky.social TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@greshamcollegeSupport Us: https://www.gresham.ac.uk/get-involved/support-us/make-donation/donate-todaySupport the show

OGLĄDAM ☞ Czy Boże Narodzenie to pogańskie święto? ✣ Videtur Quod ✣ Radosław Więcławek OP ✣ Sprawdzamy, dlaczego Oliver Cromwell zakazał świąt i czy data 25 grudnia faktycznie pochodzi od kultu Sol Invictus. Radosław Więcławek OP wyjaśnia proces inkulturacji i tłumaczy, skąd wzięły się choinka, światełka oraz symbolika słońca. Poznaj fakty historyczne o "wojnie o święta" i dowiedz się, jak Kościół chrystianizował pogańskie zwyczaje. Obalamy mit o "kradzieży" daty i pokazujemy chrześcijańskie znaczenie przesilenia zimowego. Zobacz nowy odcinek!

SHOW 12-23-25 THE SHOW BEGINS WITH DOUBTS F THE EU... 1831 BRUSSELS EU STRUGGLES WITH RUSSIAN ASSETS AND AID Colleague Judy Dempsey. Judy Dempsey discusses the EU's difficulty in utilizing frozen Russian assets and the "defeat" for Chancellor Merz regarding the funding mechanism for Ukraine. NUMBER 1 THE RISE OF THE AFD IN GERMANY Colleague Judy Dempsey. Judy Dempsey continues, focusing on the rise of the AfD party in Germany and its connections to elements of the US Republican party. NUMBER 2 STALEMATES IN GAZA AND LEBANON Colleague Jonathan Schanzer. Jonathan Schanzer discusses the stalemate regarding the last hostage in Gaza, the fragmented control of the territory, and threats in Lebanon and Syria. NUMBER 3 EU REGULATION VS. US GROWTH Colleague Michael Toth. Michael Toth critiques the European Union's "regulatory imperialism" and contrasts it with the economic growth of the US. NUMBER 4 STATE DEPARTMENT RECALLS AND STRATEGY Colleague Mary Kissel. Mary Kissel discusses the recall of career ambassadors by the Trump administration and challenges in Panama and Greenland. NUMBER 5 AUSTRALIA'S DEFENSE AND CHINA Colleague Grant Newsham. Grant Newsham warns about Australia's lack of defense capabilities and the erosion of its influence in the Pacific islands due to Chinese political warfare. NUMBER 6 THE BORING BENEFITS OF AI Colleague Kevin Frazier. Kevin Frazier advocates for the "boring use cases" of AI, such as in healthcare and traffic management, to save costs and improve efficiency. NUMBER 7 REGULATING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Colleague Kevin Frazier. Kevin Frazier continues, warning against a "waterfall of regulation" by states and advocating for "regulatory sandboxes" to allow experimentation. NUMBER 8 US EXPANSIONISM AND DIPLOMATIC RIFTS Colleague Gregory Copley. Gregory Copley analyzes US foreign policy moves regarding Greenland, Panama, and Venezuela, describing them as a return to "might is right" expansionism. NUMBER 9 THE MONROE DOCTRINE AND NAVAL POWER Colleague Gregory Copley. Gregory Copley continues, debating whether the US is a naval or continental power in the context of enforcing the Monroe Doctrine and discussing a proposal for new battleships. NUMBER 10 THE DECLINE OF LITERACY AND CONTEXT Colleague Gregory Copley. Gregory Copley continues, discussing the decline of literacy and context since the mid-20th century, comparing modern society to the Eloi and Morlocks of H.G. Wells. NUMBER 11 KING CHARLES III AND UK POLITICAL TURMOIL Colleague Gregory Copley. Gregory Copley continues, analyzing the challenges King Charles III faces under the Keir Starmer government, which Copley compares to the era of Oliver Cromwell. NUMBER 12 THE LEGEND OF THE HESSIANS Colleague Professor Richard Bell. Professor Richard Bell discusses the American fear of Hessian soldiers and Washington's strategic victory at Trenton. NUMBER 13 FRANCE'S GLOBAL STRATEGY IN THE REVOLUTION Colleague Professor Richard Bell. Professor Richard Bell continues, highlighting the role of Foreign Minister Vergennes and how French involvement expanded the war globally. NUMBER 14 BENEDICT ARNOLD AND PEGGY SHIPPEN Colleague Professor Richard Bell. Professor Richard Bell continues, discussing Peggy Shippen's influence on Benedict Arnold's defection and their subsequent life in London. NUMBER 15 THE ACCIDENTAL COLONIZATION OF AUSTRALIA Colleague Professor Richard Bell. Professor Richard Bell concludes, recounting the story of convict William Murray and the accidental selection of Australia as a penal colony following the loss of the American colonies. NUMBER 16

  KING CHARLES III AND UK POLITICAL TURMOIL Colleague Gregory Copley. Gregory Copley continues, analyzing the challenges King Charles III faces under the Keir Starmer government, which Copley compares to the era of Oliver Cromwell. NUMBER 12 1824 HIGH GROVE HOUSE

PREVIEW STARMER COMPARED TO CROMWELL AS MONARCHY FACES THREATS Colleague Gregory Copley. Gregory Copley analyzes the tension between the British King and Parliament, comparing politician Keir Starmer to Oliver Cromwell. Copley suggests Starmer aims to dismantle the monarchy, while the King must carefully navigate these threats, retaining reserve powers as Commander-in-Chief to prevent civil unrest or stagnation caused by parliamentary taxation.

In 1647 Christmas vanished by the decree of the Puritans who ruled Britain. But not everyone complied. Families lit candles behind closed doors, whispered carols, and held secret services. And protestors in Canterbury launched the infamous "plum pudding riots". This was more than a fight over festivities; it was a struggle over power and belief.Prof. Suzannah Lipscomb is joined by Prof. Mark Stoyle to explore how the war on Christmas revealed a deeper contest between authority and resistance, godliness and joy, and how echoes of it can even be found in the works of C.S. Lewis and Charles Dickens.MORE:Tudor Christmas CarolsListen on AppleListen on SpotifyTudor Ghosts and Angels: Spirits of Christmas PastListen on AppleListen on SpotifyPresented by Professor Suzannah Lipscomb. The researcher is Max Wintle, audio editor is Max Carrie and the producer is Rob Weinberg. The senior producer is Anne-Marie Luff.All music courtesy of Epidemic Sounds.Not Just the Tudors is a History Hit podcastSign up to History Hit for hundreds of hours of original documentaries, with a new release every week. Sign up at https://www.historyhit.com/subscribe.  Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Christopher Hill was one of the leading historians of his generation. His work across more than 15 books and dozens of articles fundamentally rewrote the way we understand the English Revolution and the development of the modern British state. While his career brought many of the trappings of establishment respectability – he was both a Fellow of the British Academy and the Master of Balliol College, Oxford - he was also seen as a threat to that very same establishment. Under surveillance by the security services for decades, in the 1980s Hill was publicly accused of having been a Soviet agent during the war. His was a Cold War life, as well as a scholarly one.In this brilliant work of biography Christopher Hill: The Life of a Radical Historian (Verso Books, 2025), Michael Braddick charts Hill's development from his abandonment of the respectable provincial Methodism of his youth, through his embrace of Marxism, his membership and eventual break with the Communist Party, as well as his celebrated intellectual career. While many of his books - not least the thrilling work of historical resurrection, The World Turned Upside Down, and God's Englishman, his classic biography of Oliver Cromwell - are still widely read and admired, his intellectual reputation was damaged by sustained academic criticism in the politically-charged atmosphere of the 1980s.Braddick's judicious biography not only situates Hill's life and work in their historical context but seeks to rescue Hill for a new generation of readers. Mike Braddick is a Senior Research Fellow at All Souls College, Oxford. Lucas Tse is an Examination Fellow at All Souls College, Oxford. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

Christopher Hill was one of the leading historians of his generation. His work across more than 15 books and dozens of articles fundamentally rewrote the way we understand the English Revolution and the development of the modern British state. While his career brought many of the trappings of establishment respectability – he was both a Fellow of the British Academy and the Master of Balliol College, Oxford - he was also seen as a threat to that very same establishment. Under surveillance by the security services for decades, in the 1980s Hill was publicly accused of having been a Soviet agent during the war. His was a Cold War life, as well as a scholarly one.In this brilliant work of biography Christopher Hill: The Life of a Radical Historian (Verso Books, 2025), Michael Braddick charts Hill's development from his abandonment of the respectable provincial Methodism of his youth, through his embrace of Marxism, his membership and eventual break with the Communist Party, as well as his celebrated intellectual career. While many of his books - not least the thrilling work of historical resurrection, The World Turned Upside Down, and God's Englishman, his classic biography of Oliver Cromwell - are still widely read and admired, his intellectual reputation was damaged by sustained academic criticism in the politically-charged atmosphere of the 1980s.Braddick's judicious biography not only situates Hill's life and work in their historical context but seeks to rescue Hill for a new generation of readers. Mike Braddick is a Senior Research Fellow at All Souls College, Oxford. Lucas Tse is an Examination Fellow at All Souls College, Oxford. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/history

Christopher Hill was one of the leading historians of his generation. His work across more than 15 books and dozens of articles fundamentally rewrote the way we understand the English Revolution and the development of the modern British state. While his career brought many of the trappings of establishment respectability – he was both a Fellow of the British Academy and the Master of Balliol College, Oxford - he was also seen as a threat to that very same establishment. Under surveillance by the security services for decades, in the 1980s Hill was publicly accused of having been a Soviet agent during the war. His was a Cold War life, as well as a scholarly one.In this brilliant work of biography Christopher Hill: The Life of a Radical Historian (Verso Books, 2025), Michael Braddick charts Hill's development from his abandonment of the respectable provincial Methodism of his youth, through his embrace of Marxism, his membership and eventual break with the Communist Party, as well as his celebrated intellectual career. While many of his books - not least the thrilling work of historical resurrection, The World Turned Upside Down, and God's Englishman, his classic biography of Oliver Cromwell - are still widely read and admired, his intellectual reputation was damaged by sustained academic criticism in the politically-charged atmosphere of the 1980s.Braddick's judicious biography not only situates Hill's life and work in their historical context but seeks to rescue Hill for a new generation of readers. Mike Braddick is a Senior Research Fellow at All Souls College, Oxford. Lucas Tse is an Examination Fellow at All Souls College, Oxford. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/biography

Send us a textWhat does Oliver Cromwell, Calvinist Lord Protector of England (and infamous prig), British garage rockers The Kinks and the Insane Clown Posse have in common? Come for Christmas list of song goodies, stay for how Ghost Riders in the Sky is a now a Christmas song.Happy Holidays from Jackalope Carnival! Support the show

C Judy Dempsey examines fears that Russia will shift military forces to the NATO border if a Ukraine peace deal is reached. She discusses reported US pressure on Kyiv to surrender the Donbas, noting that both Ukraine and the EU oppose such concessions due to sovereignty concerns and lack of security guarantees. Judy Dempsey addresses the industrial crisis in Germany, specifically the auto industry's struggle against Chinese electric vehicles. She notes that Chancellor Merz is avoiding necessary pension reforms due to political pressure, while the rise of the AfD and a shifting transatlantic relationship further complicate Germany's economic stability. Mary Kissel argues that Ukraine cannot surrender the Donbas without ironclad security guarantees, citing past broken agreements like the Budapest Memorandum. She validates Finnish and Baltic fears regarding Russian aggression and questions whether the Trump administration's business-centric approach can effectively manage Vladimir Putin's ideological brutality. Mary Kissel characterizes China's economy as collapsing under Xi Jinping's mismanagement. She highlights the plight of Jimmy Lai, a 78-year-old British citizen imprisoned in Hong Kong, and urges Western leaders to use economic leverage to demand his release as a prerequisite for any improved relations. Jonathan Schanzer critiques the slow Australian police response to the Bondi Beach attack, linking the shooters to ISIS training in the Philippines. He warns that the Albanese government's political "virtue signaling" regarding Palestine may have emboldened radicals, while noting Hezbollah is reconstituting its money and weapons pipelines in Lebanon. Jonathan Schanzer analyzes the "murky" killing of US servicemen in Syria, attributing it to jihadist elements within the government's security forces. He describes the situation in Gaza as a deadlock where Hamas remains armed because no international force, other than the unacceptable option of Turkey, is willing to intervene. Gregory Copley details how the Bondi Beach attackers trained in the Philippines' insurgent areas. While praising Australian intelligence agencies, he blames the Albanese government for encouraging anti-Israel sentiment, arguing this political stance has given license to radical groups and undermined public safety. Gregory Copley reflects on the 25-year war on terror, arguing that Western governments have become distracted. He contends that elevating terrorists like Bin Laden to "superpower" status was a strategic error, as the true objective of terrorism is to manipulate political narratives and induce paralysis through fear. Gregory Copley observes a 2025 shift toward nationalism and decisive leadership, asserting that globalism is declining. He notes that nuclear weapons are becoming "unusable" due to changing military doctrines and warns that Western democracies are sliding toward autocracy, drawing historical parallels to Oliver Cromwell's rise as Lord Protector. Gregory Copley reports on King Charles III's improving health and his unifying role within the Commonwealth. He contrasts the stability of the constitutional monarchy with the historical chaos of Cromwell's republic, suggesting the Crown remains a vital stabilizing force against political turmoil in the UK and its dominions. Joseph Sternberg challenges the Trump administration's antagonistic view of the EU, citing polls showing the institution remains popular among Europeans. He argues that US policy should not be based on the expectation of the EU's collapse, noting that the UK's exit was unique to its specific history and not a continental trend. Joseph Sternberg condemns the imprisonment of British citizen Jimmy Lai in Hong Kong as a failure of UKdiplomacy. He argues that Hong Kong's economic success cannot be separated from its political freedoms, warning that the erosion of the rule of law threatens the territory's viability as a business center. Joseph Postell discusses the 1983 INS v. Chadha decision, which eliminated the legislative veto. He explains how this ruling stripped Congress of its ability to check the executive branch, transforming a once-dominant legislature into a weak institution unable to reverse administrative decisions on issues like tariffs. Joseph Postell suggests correcting the Chadha precedent by adopting a view of severability where delegations of power are unconstitutional without the accompanying legislative veto. He notes that the War Powers Resolutionremains a rare exception where Congress still retains a mechanism to reverse executive actions via simple majority.

Gregory Copley observes a 2025 shift toward nationalism and decisive leadership, asserting that globalism is declining. He notes that nuclear weapons are becoming "unusable" due to changing military doctrines and warns that Western democracies are sliding toward autocracy, drawing historical parallels to Oliver Cromwell's rise as Lord Protector. 1648 CROMWELL

Para algunos Oliver Cromwell era un líder cruel, traidor e hipócrita. Para otros un comandante tolerante, apasionadamente religioso y ferozmente moral. Su influencia como líder político y militar durante la Guerra Civil Inglesa alteró de modo dramático el panorama militar y político de las islas británicas. La masacre de cerca de 3.500 personas en el asedio de Drogheda tras la captura del pueblo es uno de los recuerdos históricos que ha avivado el conflicto entre irlandeses e ingleses durante más de tres décadas.

A brutal film set during the English Civil War of the 17th century. Oliver Cromwell makes a brief appearance. The post W035b: Witchfinder General (1968) appeared first on .

Pan started as a shepherds' god in a wild and backward area of Greece, but became one of the best-known in the Greek and Roman world. This was partly because the leading city of Athens imported him as a saviour, and partly because he came to represent the freedom, peace and simplicity of the countryside to urban people. He was the most earthy of Greek deities, summing up wild nature in its beauty but also its danger. He was a god of both liberation and menace, and this lecture faces up to him as both.This lecture was recorded by Professor Ronald Hutton on the 17th of September 2025 at Barnard's Inn Hall, London.Professor Hutton is Professor of History at the University of Bristol. He took degrees at Cambridge and then Oxford Universities, and was a fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford. He is now a Fellow of the British Academy, the Royal Historical Society, the Society of Antiquaries and the Learned Society of Wales, and has won awards for teaching and research.He has lectured all over the world, authored twenty books and ninety-six essays, appeared in or presented scores of television and radio programmes, and sits on the editorial boards of six journals concerned with the history of religion and magic.He is currently working on the third volume of his biography of Oliver Cromwell. The transcript and downloadable versions of the lecture are available from the Gresham College website: https://www.gresham.ac.uk/watch-now/god-panGresham College has offered free public lectures for over 400 years, thanks to the generosity of our supporters. There are currently over 2,500 lectures free to access. We believe that everyone should have the opportunity to learn from some of the greatest minds. To support Gresham's mission, please consider making a donation: https://gresham.ac.uk/support/Website:  https://gresham.ac.ukTwitter:  https://twitter.com/greshamcollegeFacebook: https://facebook.com/greshamcollegeInstagram: https://instagram.com/greshamcollegeSupport the show

Dans l'Angleterre du XVIIᵉ siècle, déchirée par les guerres civiles et les complots politiques, le pouvoir en place doit s'appuyer sur des individus capables d'agir dans l'ombre. Et qui mieux que des femmes, à une époque où l'on ne leur accordait guère d'importance, pour endosser ce rôle ? C'est dans un contexte de conflit entre parlementaires et royalistes qu'émerge notre héroïne du jour : Susan Hyde. Son destin tragique incarne tristement le sort réservé aux Anglaises engagées dans la tourmente politique, aussi haute soit leur place sur l'échelle sociale.Secrets d'agents • Histoires Vraies est une production Minuit.

Dans l'Angleterre du XVIIᵉ siècle, déchirée par les guerres civiles et les complots politiques, le pouvoir en place doit s'appuyer sur des individus capables d'agir dans l'ombre. Et qui mieux que des femmes, à une époque où l'on ne leur accordait guère d'importance, pour endosser ce rôle ? C'est dans un contexte de conflit entre parlementaires et royalistes qu'émerge notre héroïne du jour : Susan Hyde. Son destin tragique incarne tristement le sort réservé aux Anglaises engagées dans la tourmente politique, aussi haute soit leur place sur l'échelle sociale.Pour asseoir son pouvoir, Oliver Cromwell déploie un réseau d'espions à travers toute l'Europe ; de Bruxelles à Paris, de Rome à Madrid, jusqu'aux ports de commerce dépendant du Royaume comme Danzig, aujourd'hui Gdansk. Ces agents ne se contentent pas d'intercepter le courrier. Ils ont également pour mission de traquer et de neutraliser tous les espions ennemis, hommes ou femmes, où qu'ils se trouvent. Pour coordonner cette machinerie, Cromwell place à sa tête un homme redoutablement efficace, John Thurloe.Secrets d'agents • Histoires Vraies est une production Minuit.

Dans l'Angleterre du XVIIᵉ siècle, déchirée par les guerres civiles et les complots politiques, le pouvoir en place doit s'appuyer sur des individus capables d'agir dans l'ombre. Et qui mieux que des femmes, à une époque où l'on ne leur accordait guère d'importance, pour endosser ce rôle ? C'est dans un contexte de conflit entre parlementaires et royalistes qu'émerge notre héroïne du jour : Susan Hyde. Son destin tragique incarne tristement le sort réservé aux Anglaises engagées dans la tourmente politique, aussi haute soit leur place sur l'échelle sociale.Si l'on connaît de nombreux détails sur la fin de la vie de Susan Hyde, on en sait peu sur ses débuts. Il y a tout de fois un détail qui n'est pas anodin : sa lignée familiale. Ses parents sont Henry Hyde, un homme politique influent de l'Angleterre du XVIIᵉ siècle, et Mary Langford, issue d'une famille aisée et cultivée. Parmi ses sept frères et soeurs, l'un va jouer une grande importance dans sa vie : Edward Hyde.Secrets d'agents • Histoires Vraies est une production Minuit.

Une vie dédiée au plaisir et à la poésie… C'est en ces mots qu'Aphra Behn, première autrice britannique à se faire rémunérer pour ses écrits, définit son existence. Féministe avant l'heure, provocatrice, dramaturge aimée de la noblesse de son époque dont elle fait pourtant la critique assurée, elle défie les codes de son temps et se plaît à demeurer objet de scandale. Avec tout ça, on en oublierait presque qu'elle était aussi espionne.Secrets d'agents • Histoires Vraies est une production Minuit.

Une vie dédiée au plaisir et à la poésie… C'est en ces mots qu'Aphra Behn, première autrice britannique à se faire rémunérer pour ses écrits, définit son existence. Féministe avant l'heure, provocatrice, dramaturge aimée de la noblesse de son époque dont elle fait pourtant la critique assurée, elle défie les codes de son temps et se plaît à demeurer objet de scandale. Avec tout ça, on en oublierait presque qu'elle était aussi espionne.William Scott remet à Aphra Behn des informations sur les mouvements militaires et de marchandises, qu'elle compile dans dix-neuf lettres manuscrites envoyées à son supérieur à Londres, Henry Bennett. Elle estime que son travail est accompli et s'attend à une réponse de Bennett, ou à l'envoi d'un peu d'argent pour lui permettre de se loger et de se nourrir. Les mois s'écoulent, l'hiver s'installe doucement, mais rien ne se passe.Secrets d'agents • Histoires Vraies est une production Minuit.

This week we are embarking on a three part series covering the most notorious pirate port in the Caribbean, so naturally we are starting by talking about Oliver Cromwell.While the Spanish were busy conquering South America, they saw Jamaica as little more than a convenient staging post. So much so that when the English were considering which Spanish territories to invade, it didn't even make the list. However even the best laid plans can go awry, and the ones made by the Commonwealth Government were far from the best, meaning that Jamaica suddenly and unexpectedly became the focus of English interests in the region. Though they were going to need some help in order to stop the Spanish taking it back...Guest Host: Emma Heathcote Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This week I'm joined by author Marc Harzman who has been described by ABC News as "One of America's leading connoisseurs of the bizarre." Marc has written books about UFOs, ghosts, Mars, Oliver Cromwell's embalmed head, weird things on eBay, sideshow performers, unorthodox messages from God, and more.   We get into all that today, everything from the Phoenix lights incident to scrotum bags for sale on Ebay. So if you like the sound of that, buckle up for an hour of absolute bizarreness.   Marc's website

David Woollin • Selected Scriptures • Grace Community Church

Do you think you know Oliver Cromwell and Prince Rupert of the Rhine? I've discussed both figures on this podcast, but I don't think I've delved into their wives, daughters, mothers or consorts who all give a more nuanced and view of these two major players of 17tg century Britain and Ireland. Miranda Malins, author of a forthcoming history of the Cromwell dynasty, and Mark Turnbull, author of Prince Rupert of the Rhine join to discuss the women of these two men who fought each other during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. Links Puritan Princess Rebel Daughter Prince Rupert of the Rhine ⁠Charles I's Private Life Aspects of History Links ⁠⁠Latest Issue out - Annual Subscription to Aspects of History Magazine only $9.99/£9.99⁠⁠ ⁠⁠Ollie on X⁠⁠ ⁠⁠Aspects of History on Instagram⁠⁠ Get in touch: history@aspectsofhistory.com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Book Title: The Blazing World: A New History of Revolutionary England, 1603-1689 Author: Jonathan HealeyHeadline: New Model Army and the Regicide of Charles I Parliament reorganized its forces into the New Model Army, led by Sir Thomas Fairfax and Oliver Cromwell, promoting based on effectiveness, not social status. After their decisive victory at Naseby in 1645, King Charles Isurrendered to the Scots in 1646. Following further conflict, Henry Ireton pushed for the king's trial, leading to Charles I's public execution in 1649, a shocking moment for many. 1600 QUEEN ANNE, KING JAMES, WALES, LATER CHARLES I

Book Title: The Blazing World: A New History of Revolutionary England, 1603-1689 Author: Jonathan HealeyHeadline: Charles I's Personal Rule and the Scottish Revolt After dismissing Parliament in 1629, Charles I ruled personally, relying on figures like Archbishop William Laud and the Earl of Strafford. Their controversial religious policies and "arbitrary" actions, such as the Ship Money tax, generated significant opposition. The King's attempt to impose a new prayer book on Scotland in 1637 led to a revolt, ultimately collapsing his rule in England and leading to Laud and Strafford's arrests. 1661 OLIVER CROMWELL

Book Title: The Blazing World: A New History of Revolutionary England, 1603-1689 Author: Jonathan HealeyHeadline: The Gunpowder Plot's Enduring Legacy The 1605 Gunpowder Plot, an attempt by a small group of Catholics to destroy James I and Parliament, deeply shaped English politics. It fueled anti-Catholic paranoia, associating Catholicism with tyranny, foreign powers like Spain and France, and arbitrary government. This fear of a "popish plot" became a recurrent theme for the next 80 years, influencing decisions up to James II's reign. 1653 OLIVER CROMWELL

Book Title: The Blazing World: A New History of Revolutionary England, 1603-1689 Author: Jonathan HealeyHeadline: Monarchs' Fiscal Struggles & Parliamentary Power 17th-century monarchs like James I and Charles I faced immense financial challenges due to long-term inflation and the rising cost of war, particularly with the "military revolution." English common law required Parliament's consent for taxation, forcing kings to seek funds from a "fractious" Parliament. Controversial extra-parliamentary taxes, like forced loans or ship money, sparked debates over royal power and people's liberties, notably championed by Edward Coke. 1658 OLIVER CROMWELL

Book Title: The Blazing World: A New History of Revolutionary England, 1603-1689 Author: Jonathan HealeyHeadline: The Restoration of Charles II and Its Aftermath Following Oliver Cromwell's death in 1658 and a period of political chaos, George Monk led the army to London, eventually inviting Charles II back to restore stability in 1660. Reforms like banning Ship Money remained, and Parliament's financial power significantly increased. The Anglican Church reasserted control, leading to the repression and emigration of dissenters. Royalist revenge included the grotesque public hanging of Cromwell's corpse. 1649

Book Title: The Blazing World: A New History of Revolutionary England, 1603-1689 Author: Jonathan HealeyHeadline: Oliver Cromwell's Protectorate and Its Challenges After Charles I's execution, John Lambert drafted the "Instruments of Government," establishing Oliver Cromwellas Lord Protector. Despite widespread horror in Europe, Cromwell's rule brought stability to England, though it involved moving away from radical democrats and imposing Puritan values, making it unpopular. He refused the crown in 1657, believing God had spoken against monarchy. 1649

Charles II Stuart returns to London, and the Restoration tries to turn the clock back in England, Scotland, and Ireland. But a generation of civil war and revolution is not something that can be easily reversed. Alice Hunt, Republic, 2024. Martyn Bennet, Oliver Cromwell, 2006. Michael Braddick (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the English Revolution, 2015. Jonathan Healey, The Blazing World, 2023. Paul Lay, Providence Lost: The Rise and Fall of the English Republic, 2020. Anna Keay, The Restless Republic, 2022. Ian Gentles, The New Model Army: Agent of Revolution, 2022. Rebecca Rideal, 1666: Plague, War, and Hellfire, 2016. Micheál Ó Siochrú, God's Executioner: Oliver Cromwell and the conquest of Ireland, 2008. Charles Wilson, England's Apprenticeship: 1603-1763, 1975. Charles Spencer, Killers of the King Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On 30 January 1649, the unthinkable happened: for the first time in history, a reigning monarch was tried and condemned by his own people. But how did a kingdom that once believed in the divine right of kings arrive at this unprecedented moment? In this second special explainer episode, Professor Suzannah Lipscomb guides us through the final and most dramatic years of the English Civil Wars. With contributions from leading historians drawn from the Not Just the Tudors archive, Suzannah traces the pivotal events that shattered the monarchy and gave rise to the emergence of parliamentary government.MORE:Prelude to the English Civil Warhttps://open.spotify.com/episode/0er6EmZ1cfwxTLAMwO2aO1Oliver Cromwell: Massacres and Manoeuvreshttps://open.spotify.com/episode/4n7d4Rm9YXzStJBSL2TVpsPresented by Professor Suzannah Lipscomb. Audio editor is Amy Haddow and the producer is Rob Weinberg. The senior producer is Anne-Marie Luff.All music courtesy of Epidemic Sounds.Not Just the Tudors is a History Hit podcastSign up to History Hit for hundreds of hours of original documentaries, with a new release every week and ad-free podcasts. Sign up at https://www.historyhit.com/subscribe. You can take part in our listener survey here: https://insights.historyhit.com/history-hit-podcast-always-on Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

George Monck arrives in London and restores the Long Parliament. Charles Stuart moves to Breda. The Republic votes itself out of existence. Alice Hunt, Republic, 2024. Martyn Bennet, Oliver Cromwell, 2006. Michael Braddick (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the English Revolution, 2015. Barry Coward, The Cromwellian Protectorate, 2002. Jonathan Healey, The Blazing World, 2023. Paul Lay, Providence Lost: The Rise and Fall of the English Republic, 2020. Anna Keay, The Restless Republic, 2022. Ian Gentles, The New Model Army: Agent of Revolution, 2022. Carla Gardina Pestana, The English Conquest of Jamaica: Oliver Cromwell's Bid for Empire, 2017. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Army brings back the Rump Parliament, but they quickly regret that decision. In Scotland, George Monck prepares to march. Alice Hunt, Republic, 2024. Martyn Bennet, Oliver Cromwell, 2006. Michael Braddick (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the English Revolution, 2015. Barry Coward, The Cromwellian Protectorate, 2002. Jonathan Healey, The Blazing World, 2023. Paul Lay, Providence Lost: The Rise and Fall of the English Republic, 2020. Anna Keay, The Restless Republic, 2022. Ian Gentles, The New Model Army: Agent of Revolution, 2022. Carla Gardina Pestana, The English Conquest of Jamaica: Oliver Cromwell's Bid for Empire, 2017. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

With the death of Oliver Cromwell, his eldest son Richard becomes Lord Protector. Can he balance the competing demands of the army and the republicans? Alice Hunt, Republic, 2024. Martyn Bennet, Oliver Cromwell, 2006. Michael Braddick (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the English Revolution, 2015. Barry Coward, The Cromwellian Protectorate, 2002. Jonathan Healey, The Blazing World, 2023. Paul Lay, Providence Lost: The Rise and Fall of the English Republic, 2020. Anna Keay, The Restless Republic, 2022. Ian Gentles, The New Model Army: Agent of Revolution, 2022. Carla Gardina Pestana, The English Conquest of Jamaica: Oliver Cromwell's Bid for Empire, 2017. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

"I will not seek to set up that which Providence hath destroyed, and laid in the dust, and I would not build Jericho again." Oliver Cromwell refuses to become a king, and a new constitution takes effect. But Cromwell is not long for this world, and the question of succession had still not been settled. Alice Hunt, Republic, 2024. Martyn Bennet, Oliver Cromwell, 2006. Michael Braddick (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the English Revolution, 2015. Barry Coward, The Cromwellian Protectorate, 2002. Jonathan Healey, The Blazing World, 2023. Paul Lay, Providence Lost: The Rise and Fall of the English Republic, 2020. Anna Keay, The Restless Republic, 2022. Ian Gentles, The New Model Army: Agent of Revolution, 2022. Carla Gardina Pestana, The English Conquest of Jamaica: Oliver Cromwell's Bid for Empire, 2017. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Oliver Cromwell dies. His son is NOT a chip off the old block. And Charles II sees the Stuart line restored.Western Civ 2.0

Oliver Cromwell refuses the crown but agrees to become the Lord Protector of the Commonwealth. Western Civ 2.0

Check out the University of Aberdeen Online Courses: http://on.abdn.ac.uk/online-history-courses⁠ Oliver Cromwell is offered a crown... but will he take it? Alice Hunt, Republic, 2024. Martyn Bennet, Oliver Cromwell, 2006. Michael Braddick (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the English Revolution, 2015. Barry Coward, The Cromwellian Protectorate, 2002. Jonathan Healey, The Blazing World, 2023. Paul Lay, Providence Lost: The Rise and Fall of the English Republic, 2020. Anna Keay, The Restless Republic, 2022. Ian Gentles, The New Model Army: Agent of Revolution, 2022. Carla Gardina Pestana, The English Conquest of Jamaica: Oliver Cromwell's Bid for Empire, 2017. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices