Autonomous Cars with Marc Hoag

Deep dive into Future Perfect #117

I've customized the AI hosts' content to be more engaging with me, and to expand quite a bit above and beyond this issue's source material.

#114.

A quick, belated farewell, and an invitation to subscribe to my newsletter Future Perfect covering AI, AVs/EVs, and climate tech. You can give it a read and subscribe over at http://futureperfect.news Also, for the lawyers amongst you, I'm thrilled to announce the Law Practice of Marc E. Hoag, focused on all things AI and tech including US Copyright law. You can find me at http://marchoaglaw.com Thank you so much for making Autonomous Cars with Marc Hoag the first organic result on Google for "autonomous cars podcasts," now let's do the same for my Future Perfect newsletter. Cheers!

Today's episode is the second installment in my two-part series on Keysight Technologies. Last time I was joined by Henrik Liebau where we discussed a bit of a teaser on Keysight's upcoming autonomous vehicle sensor testing suite in anticipation of their big reveal at CES 2022; today I'm joined by a colleague of Henrik's, Sven Kopacz, where we finally get to unpack and discuss in great detail everything about their incredible new Radar Scene Emulator (learn more and Keysight.com and here). The RSE is an incredible bit of kit: a technology- and vendor-agnostic platform that enables high quality testing of autonomous vehicle sensor tech including lidar and radar to enable a faster and more cost efficient way for technology suppliers and OEMs to test, validate, and get their AV tech on the roads. But beyond this big product announcement, Sven and I had a fantastically engaging, wildly meandering talk about all things AV -- and even EV -- as we discussed the challenges, promises, hopes, risks, and needs for the safer future we're all working towards. On a personal note, a huge thank you to Sven for making this symbolic episode #199 such a special one for me; it's hard to believe we're fast approaching the 4-year mark with this podcast next month with episode #200. If you're a fan, please be sure to drop me 5 stars on Apple Podcasts and help me reach 100 ratings. Thanks very much!

Keysight Technologies is arguably the leader in electronic design and testing equipment. Spun out of Agilent Technologies, itself spun out of HP -- yes, that HP -- and manufacturing everything from oscilloscopes to digital multimeters, from signal generators to AC and DC power sources; from bit error ratio testers to 5G OTA chambers, not to mention their exhaustive suite of testing and and monitoring software, Keysight provides all the necessary hardware and software testing for OEMs and tier 1 suppliers to develop their equipment reliably, quickly, affordably, and safely. Though they've dipped into the automotive space from many angles including 5G and V2X, battery and charging testing for EVs, and much more besides, their latest foray into the AVs specifically is perhaps their most ambitious to date, and Henrik joined me to tell me all about it... sort of. It turns out their next big thing -- something to do with rapid, high quality, technology agnostic testing -- is officially launching on Wednesday -- i.e., tomorrow -- so we weren't allowed to dive into a lot of detail just yet; so, consider this a bit of a teaser to whet your appetite. I've been promised a full rundown post-CES2022 for a follow-up episode with all sorts of juicy details, stories, and more. But what we did discuss -- for a solid one hour! -- was a fascinating look into the necessities of robust simulation testing; the current challenges facing the nascent AV industry as a whole, and of course, Keysight's role in helping to fast track things, all while zooming out and looking at the bigger picture of an AV future generally. It was a fantastic conversation with Henrik, and, as I write this, I realize it may be the longest episode yet! So I hope you're sitting comfortably -- at home or driving to work -- because Episode 198, Henrik Liebau, Solution Project Manager at Keysight Technologies... begins now. Make sure to check out Wednesday's big reveal at 10am PST by registering here to watch live: https://connectlp.keysight.com/WW-RSE-Launch-Webinar

So I finally got it. I finally got the (in)famous Tesla Full Self-Driving beta, otherwise known as FSD beta, v10.3.1 to be precise. This is my personal account of testing across three different days in New England, about 40 minutes north of Boston. Day One was a biblical, torrential rain; but days Two and Three were pristinely beautiful and sunny. All three days left me with the same conclusion. FYI: I'm putting together a video of my FSD beta test; it should be available on my YouTube channel at YouTube.com/AutonomousCarsWithMarcHoag.

Today, I discuss the potential legal issue surrounding Tesla's FSD, specifically, whether it can -- or can't -- be transferred to a future Tesla vehicle, especially considering that none of us have received the very thing we paid for.

Today: Pouria Paknejad, More on Tesla FSD Beta, etc. In today's third installment in the ongoing discussion on Tesla's imminent, infamous FSD beta deployment, I'm joined by Motiv Mobility advisor, fellow attorney, all-around tech and automotive nerd and guru, and dear friend, Pouria Paknejad, as we thoroughly discuss, dissect, debate, and devour all there is surrounding this polarizing experiment by Team Elon and Co. Have a listen, and be sure to subscribe on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or wherever you listen; and don't forget to follow me on all social media @AutonomousHoag and on YouTube, too.

Today: Tesla's FSD Beta request deployment So picking up where we left off last time, I unpack the five metrics Tesla is using to calculate your “Safety Score” to determine whether you're lucky enough to get access to Tesla's Full Self Driving beta. I also dive into a few questions and concerns, and try to cover as much as ground as possible. Have a listen, and be sure to subscribe on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or wherever you listen; and don't forget to follow me on all social media @AutonomousHoag and on YouTube, too.

Today: Tesla's FSD Beta request deployment! Tesla's (supposedly) about to finally deploy its infamous Tesla FSD Beta to a wider audience… sort of. Tonight. Maybe. And it's not really a full deployment, rather it's a “Request” button which will enable those of us, like yours truly, who already purchased FSD, to — you guessed it — to “request” FSD Beta. After requesting, Tesla's insurance system will analyze your last seven consecutive days of driving to determine whether you “qualify” for FSD Beta. I unpack the ins and outs of what this all means, whether it's fair — or even legal — and the big elephant in the room question, whether this is a smart thing to do, not to mention, whether it's safe. Have a listen, and be sure to subscribe on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or wherever you listen; and don't forget to follow me on all social media @AutonomousHoag and on YouTube, too.

Today: VW's impressive AV plans, Germany's AV regulation, and Tesla's FSD beta v9. All this... right now. VW's AV plans VW has pivoted from being the leader is diesel fuel, to a potential leader in the EV space; and now it's doing the same with its AV initiatives with everything from a software platform to its co-ownership with Ford of Argo.ai. Germany's AV legislation Germany seems poised to pass legislation allowing for driverless Level 4 autonomous vehicle driving on its roads come 2022, provided certain rules are adhered to, including and especially the use of remote backup drivers and assumption of all liability by the operators. Tesla FSD beta 9 Tesla FSD beta 9 is here and I … discuss it. A bit. Sort of.

Today: 7/11 installs EV charging stations; Cruise starts driverless passenger rides; Volvo announces a Lidar-equipped Level 4 XC90 for 2022. All this... right now. 7/11 chargers They're not quite Super Gulp Slurpies -- or whatever 7/11 calls its diabetes-inducing ambrosia these days -- but 7/11 is indeed moving forward with a plan to install some 500 chargers at their various stores across the US. This is a pretty great idea if only to entice folks to stop and buy up more junk food from their stores, except for one problem: the chargers are likely supplied by ChargePoint, which means fairly meager speeds; and considering the average stop at a 7/11 is perhaps five minutes or so, the actual value to an EV owner is next to none, so I'm not sure how this is going to play out for 7/11 down the road. Cruise starts driverless passenger rides Cruise has finally received the appropriate permits to start passenger rides with its driverless test vehicles, but crucially, the rides cannot yet be for revenue service until their receive yet additional permits. In contrast, for instance, Nuro is able to do for-revenue deliveries with its little delivery bots, but this is because they're transporting packages and food, not human passengers. Still, this is a great and exciting next step for Cruise. Volvo's L4 Lidar-equipped 2022 XC90 I've been a fan of Volvo and its impressive Vision2020 mission to eliminate human death or serious injury in all Volvo vehicles, not to mention Volvo's push towards an electric, autonomous future; the next-gen XC90 aims to be their first big step in this direction. The 2022 XC90 SUV will come with Lidar as standard -- a first in the industry, and a really big deal -- and be capable of Level 4 autonomous driving on highways (regulation permitting, and with a software update to activate).

1. Cruise in Dubai: Cruise becomes the exclusive partner to launch a robotaxi service in Dubai from 2023 to 2030, with the aim of getting 4000 Cruise Origins on Dubai's roads. 2. Tesla's vision-only FSD v9.0: Elon announces that a soon-to-be-released version of Full Self Driving beta, v9.0, will be "vision-only," meaning no radar, and of course, still no lidar, i.e., it will be camera-based only. 3. Mercedes EQS: The new electric S-Klasse, the EQS, is a technological and aesthetic marvel, but it falls short on offering any truly revolutionary semi-autonomous driving technology.

Today: 1. The conclusion for Xpeng's cross-China AV trek 2. The auto insurance industry in an autonomous future 3. A huge AV simulation testing service

Today: 1. Xpeng starts a six day autonomous trek across China 2. BMW's larger, curvier iDrive suggests revolutionary AV capabilities 3. Cruise does indeed acquire Voyage, but I'm not entirely pleased with the implications All this... right now.

***This episode brought to you in party by The Information. Get 75% off your first month at TheInformation.com/Hoag*** My guest today is Allen Witters, the CEO of T4L -- that's Transportation for Life -- a brand-agnostic electric vehicle subscription service that already has over $3M in pre-orders, and is already eyeing an IPO; they've also got a WeFunder page. If that sounds a bit much, a bit too sudden, a bit too everything to be true, that's because the T4L team are determined to do their part to expedite the world to an electric vehicle future by removing every obstacle, road block, and hindrance to EV ownership along the way. First off, T4L is not a car sharing platform; it's a car subscription platform. Second, in case this brings back memories of GM's failed Maven service, say, or Mercedes' recently pulled plug on their subscription service, too, remember that both Volvo and Porsche are still pushing strongly with their respective subscription services. Third, this is an altogether different sort of subscription model more akin to a cell phone purchase. While there are several subscription tiers available (including a "for life" plan), it's the decidedly cell phone-type plan that I think is most intriguing, wherein you pay for a fixed number of miles and time, and you either use it all or you don't. What's more interesting is the interplay with third party subscriptions: residential condominiums, or corporate clients, for example, can subscribe to T4L's services and then provide the vehicles to their tenants or employees. To use a somewhat less extravagant analogy, think of hotels that provide bicycles for their guests. What's most astonishing, though, is that T4L even provides life time electric vehicle charging and will even install the appropriate chargers onsite if needed. And if that's not enough, they're even developing so-called EV experience centers for people to hang out, browse various EVs, and even get a coffee. There's a lot to unpack here, so fortunately I got about 40 minutes with Allen discussing all the ins and outs of of T4L and their mission, so I hope you're sitting comfortably, because Episode 187 with Allen Witters, CEO of T4L, begins now.

My guest today is Noel Marshall of the drive-by-wire team over at Schaeffler's US offices. We discuss everything from their Indy Autonomous Challenge; the SAM Car Project; the USDOT inclusive design challenge; and tackle some of the much broader issues surrounding autonomous vehicles, society, and much more besides.

Today: 1. I explain further why AVs need to be EVs, and talk about Cruise's huge new charging station in SF 2. I explain why teleoperations should be considered as an alternative to AVs 3. Argo.ai has partnered up with LabCampus at Munich Airport to develop an AV test track

Today: 1. All AVs must be EVs in California by 2025 2. Pennsylvania recognizes delivery bots as "pedestrians" 3. I debate the notion that Tesla's FSD beta is nothing more than a glorified L2 system

1. We reflect on Didi and AutoX's progress on autonomous ride sharing in China; their remote control center; and the validation of AVs in a covid world 2. Honda surprises the world with the first publicly available L3 vehicle 3. Cruise may have just bought Voyage

NHTSA: Final barriers to be removed thanks to NHTSA's final rule on AVs GM: The new circular test track offers 4 lanes and 62 mph AV testing Baidu: They get ready for numerous deployments in China and become the 6th company in California to get a driverless testing permit

1. Volkswagen and Microsoft partner up to deploy an automotive cloud solution for OTA updates and AV capabilities 2. UK values AVs at £42B by 2035 3. Germany gets closer to allowing L4 vehicles on public roads

Apple buys lidar: Apple is off shopping for lidar. I theorize that they're likely going after solid state lidar. Lucid gets SPAC'd: First Faraday, and now, as I predicted, so has Lucid, to the tune of $4.4B. Volvo's solution for motion sickness: Volvo is using predictive data to solve motion sickness with audio queues.

Faraday Future: FF just went public via a SPAC valuing the troubled EV automaker at $3.4B Aurora & Toyota: The AV technology company partners up with Toyota to utilize their Sienna minivan for ride hailing fleets Apple Car: Apple's long-rumored Apple Car is apparently not happening with Hyundai-Kia; so what's going on?

Guest: Jessica Uguccioni, Automated Vehicles Review - Lead Lawyer, at Law Commission of England and Wales Topics: The Law Commission of England and Wales' review of the UK's regulatory framework for AVs on behalf of the UK Government's Centre for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CCAV)

Watch this review on my YouTube channel: YouTube.com/AutonomousCarsWithMarcHoag Read this review on my Medium channel So I know this review has been a long time coming; those of you who listen to my podcast will remember that my wife and I took delivery of our white-on-white Tesla Model Y Long Range All Wheel Drive in June of this year; based on a delivery tracking site, I think it’s safe to say we were one of the first in California to take possession of that particular configuration. And now, after already hitting just over 16,000 km (10,000 mi) as of this writing, I feel confident that I can finally give a properly objective review of this undeniably astonishing, if flawed, machine. By now, however, you’ve all read and watched enough superlative-laden reviews about all Teslas’ face-distorting teleportation-like acceleration — suffice to say the Model Y is for all intents and purposes nearly as quick as the Model 3, if admittedly a bit less agile, as expected — so this review will focus instead on four main areas: design; flaws; my thoughts on the latest build of Autopilot, because of course; and charging. So let’s dive in, Episode 177, the Season 5 finale and Holiday Special for 2020, begins now….

I was introduced to Richard Goebelt through my H+C partner Martin Adler. The Director for Automotive & Mobility of the TÜV — the Technischer Überwachungsverein — Richard’s primary field of work, not to mention his passion and interests, rests entirely on the safety and regulatory landscape of all things automotive and mobility generally, with, of course, a focus on autonomous vehicles. Unsurprisingly, then, our conversation spanned the gamut from his thoughts about Tesla; a brief history of TÜV and Germany’s impressive grasp on automotive safety; the social impacts of autonomous vehicles especially on matters of equality, or lack thereof; and much more besides. This episode should be especially interesting to listeners in the US since we don’t really have anything like the TÜV. I suppose a loose analogy might be local agencies that require smog checks every few years. At a minimum, the TÜV requires certification of compliance to validate roadworthiness of all vehicles, including everything from turn signals to suspension; engines and emissions; headlight alignment; and anything else besides, and certain of these certifications are required every two years.

Our guest today is Ramon Marrades, the Director for Placemaking Europe, and he's joining return guest (#170) John Rossant, the Chairman of NewCities.org; CEO of CoMotion; and advisory board member of Neom. As an urban economist, a writer, and activist, Ramon has a real passion for people and places, and crucially, how people interact with places. Prior to Placemaking Europe, Ramon was the Chief Strategy and Finance Officer at La Marina de València, a waterfront development agency for the Spanish city, and a board member of the Worldwide Network of Part Cities (AIVP). Ramon is the co-editor of the book "Our City? Countering Exclusion in Public Space (2019) and the host and curator of Placemaking Week Europe 2019. Today, his work focuses primarily on the interface between public space and economic development. Today's conversation was a fascinating and totally open-ended dialogue between John and Ramon. As experts in their related and overlapping fields of urban design and development, it was an eye-opening look at the interplay between future mobility initiatives around the world and city design, ranging from practical to social issues and everything in between.

"What Phillip Wilcox has accomplished with The Future is Autonomous is nothing short of remarkable. The scope and depth of this book is simply staggering, while remaining an incredibly fast and easy, conversational read. From technology to society; from a micro view of individual companies to a macro, holistic look at the global AV industry; from legal issues to policy matters and everything in between, Wilcox somehow manages to cover the entire spectrum of the burgeoning autonomous vehicle industry and provides a distilled, unbiased crash course on a crash-free autonomous future." That was my preliminary review of Phillip’s book, available now for Amazon Kindle and paperback. Having now finished the book — in one 3.5 hour sitting, mind you — I summarized it thus: “Wilcox’s book is an astonishing crash course (pun not intended) on AV tech and law; a deep dive into US and China AV companies; the trade and security issues between the two countries that could determine the future of AV deployment; and so much more.” First, if it isn’t yet abundantly clear from my praise above, this book is simply astonishing; a wonderfully cohesive package that will bring anybody up to speed on the present state of the autonomous vehicle industry. On a personal note is the astonishing backstory that inspired Wilcox down this journey of research and writing, something that Wilcox shares as best he can remember. Suffice to say, it involved tremendous, life-threatening injuries; it’s incredible he lived to write this book in the first place. What makes the book especially rich in its discussion of the autonomous vehicle landscape generally is Wilcox’s deep dive into the very essence, the very fabric of Chinese culture in order to understand and explain the different approach to this autonomous future. But Wilcox doesn’t come at this from a distant vantage point; on the contrary, he’s lived and travelled throughout China, and even speaks and still studies Mandarin. So a mere superficial analysis from some distant point of view this is not; rather, it’s an incredibly nuanced, yet easily approachable discussion on the intricacies of culture and business in China, complete with analogies to other industries like the search engine space. I cannot recommend this book highly enough, so go grab your copy now, and enjoy the next hour with Phillip Wilcox, author, “The Future is Autonomous.”

My guest today is Noam Arkind, the CTO at Israel-based Arbe Robotics (@Arbe_Robotics). Noam holds a PhD in Applied Math from the Robotics Lab at the Weizmann Institute of Science, so it’s no surprise that we did a fantastic one hour deep dive into all the fascinating technology behind their 4D high-resolution imaging radar solution. What struck me most about Arbe — and it took me until maybe half-way into our discussion to realize it — isn’t just their full development kit that includes both the hardware and software; it wasn’t just the cost competitiveness over alternative solutions like lidar for instance; but rather, it was the recognition that Arbe is quite literally shaping up to be a better lidar than lidar, from virtually every metric. Where computer vision cameras are limited by today’s AI and ML capabilities; where traditional radar is limited, at a minimum, by resolution; where lidar is limited by cost, inclement weather, and potentially resolution too, Arbe solves all those issues by effectively producing a 2K radar solution they claim is “100 times more detailed than any other radar on the market, suited for every level of autonomy or class.” And that last point is what’s most exciting, I think, about Arbe: their solution isn’t designed for future L4 and L5 vehicles some five to 15 years hence; on the contrary, if only because the physical hardware is the same form factor as existing ADAS-equipped vehicles’ radar kit, Arbe can easily be used to augment or fully replace existing automakers’ ADAS solutions and get safer vehicles on the roads today. Arbe has raised $55M to date, and is based in Tel Aviv with offices in Plano, Texas and Beijing.

Today's guest is Brett Bavar, the Engineering Lead at rideOS.ai, a universal mobility-as-a-service platform that aims to "efficiently move people and things throughout the world."  I first connected with Brett via my good high school friend Bill Chen, one of the first team members of rideOS, and we agreed it made sense to do an episode together on the fascinating work they've been up to which, frankly, is fairly unique in the AV landscape. Simply put -- though of course I leave it to Brett to explain more fully -- rideOS is a sort of routing optimization layer between any autonomous vehicle -- defined quite broadly -- and optimal navigation and prioritization routes for any thing that has mappable paths between A and B. It's a fascinating conversation spanning some 40 minutes in length, so I hope you're sitting comfortably to learn all about Brett and his work with the rideOS team.

1. Uber selling ATG News is circulating that Uber is prepping a sale of its self-driving car division Uber ATG -- Advanced Technologies Group -- to Aurora. Once worth over $7B, this sale would come almost three years after Uber's autonomous driving ambitions were stalled following the tragic accident in which an Uber test vehicle struck and killed a pedestrian in Arizona. But is this really game over for Uber's self-driving car plans? I think not. 2. Motional in Vegas Two episodes back we talked about Motional -- the joint venture between Hyundai and Aptiv which recently partnered up with shuttle service Via -- and now there's news that Motional will itself begin driverless car testing in Las Vegas. This news comes right on the heels of Cruise's recent announcement that it too had been granted a driverless testing permit in San Francisco. 3. Honda reaches L3 Despite Audi's claim not long ago that it had achieved a Level 3 vehicle with its Audi A8, Honda says its 2021 Legend will be the first widely available consumer vehicle with Level 3 technology enabling so-called "traffic jam assist" functionality. Like the Audi, this means that in traffic jams, meaning slow traffic speeds, presumably with cars in front and behind, and with clear lane indications, the driver will be able to take its eyes off the road unless and until the car alerts the driver the intervene. This is different from a Tesla and its impressive Autopilot system which requires human attention at all times, thereby qualifying it as a Level 2 system.

Today’s guest is John Rossant, the Chairman of NewCities.org and CEO of CoMotion. John also sits on the advisory board of Saudi Arabia’s impressive Neom City, a 150 sq-mi (388 sq-km) planned smart city powered fully by renewable energy, and eschewing conventional transportation methods for autonomous vehicles, both land-based and air-based. During our 40-minute conversation, John shares his fascinating insight on Neom, while touching on his global experiences derived from his time at NewCities and CoMotion. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/autonomous-cars-with-marc-hoag/message

Today: Hyundai and Aptive do a thing; I make a mistake; and ghosts learn to drive cars. All this, right now… 1. Hyundai and Aptive About a year ago, we discussed the new partnership as between Hyundai and Aptiv which saw the two companies forming some sort of unknown venture. This venture was apparently a company called Motional, and Motional has just partnered up with Via, a shuttle-van ride service that partners up with municipalities. The idea is for Motional to give Via driverless capabilities. 2. I make a mistake (about Daimler) Special thanks to Oscar Slotosch (Episode #142) for pointing out that I missed the recent announcement about Daimler’s partnership with Waymo to provide L4 trucking. Thing is though, it still seems that Daimler is focusing only on commercial trucking for now, so I try to go deeper than the last episode in an attempt to figure out (or at least guess) what’s going on. 3. Ghost Comma.ai has a friendly competitor driven by ghosts. Ghost is a plug-and-play hardware/software solution that, for $3500 and $100/month will AV-ify most 2012 cars with Level 3 capabilities. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/autonomous-cars-with-marc-hoag/message

Today: Mercedes-Benz announces they're giving up on AVs; we talk AV design and what it really means; and, we unpack the true meaning of AV timelines. All this, right now.... 1. Mercedes-Benz gives up on AVs In a bizarre bit of PR non-hype, Mercedes-Benz announced to the world that they are giving up on AVs; this includes their (long since forgotten) partnership with BMW in which the Bavarian heavyweights were meant to co-produce AV software together, never mind the fact that neither company possesses such expertise. What's curious about this announcement is that it raises the question of what happens to Mercedes' ongoing development and improvement of their existing ADAS systems. Also, I make a fairly bold prediction, namely, that Mercedes will acquire an AV company in the next one to three years. 2. AV design The question of AV design often misses the bigger picture question: it's not so much a matter of how will today's passenger vehicles look, but rather, how will existing automobile companies' product lines change, and by change, I mean, how will they grow. Companies will soon branch out into both human-driven and autonomous vehicles in the same way they currently have, say, passenger vehicles and camper vans. 3. AV timelines In a recent AV roundtable-type discussion in which I participated, 2038 was pegged as "the year" that Level 5 AVs become a thing. And while I agree with that prediction -- I've often said that L5 vehicles should start to become a part of our lives in the mid- to late-30s -- I think this binary view of AV timelines sort of misses the point, i.e., it misses the crucially important interim years for businesses to ramp up in preparation for an AV future, not least of all, insurance companies. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/autonomous-cars-with-marc-hoag/message

So this is a big, hugely polarizing deal: Tesla has just unleashed the beta version of its so-called “full self-driving” or “FSD” for short. Released only to an extremely small, but unknown number of so-called “early adopter program” (“EAP”) customers, this software update — 2020.40.8.10 — unleashes the full suite of long promised “self driving” features in an admittedly risky package; so risky, in fact, that the release notes warn that “[i]t may do the wrong thing at the worst time.” And the Internet has lost its collective minds: on one side of the ever-widening rift are the usual Tesla fanatics praising Elon for this extraordinary (non-?)achievement; on the other are naysayers criticizing him for his blatant ambivalence for, and risk with, human safety. I argue several points: First, the data needs to speak: if in fact this proves to be safe, then it should be continue. Second, we need to do anything we can — yes, even take more risks — if it means reducing the number of people killed every day. --- This episode is sponsored by · Charity Promotion: Democracy Works: This advertisement is part of a charitable initiative in partnership with Democracy Works. howto.vote · Charity Promotion: BallotReady: The goal of this initiative is to increase voter education and encourage your listeners to get the vote out during the 2020 General Election this November. https://www.ballotready.org/ · Charity Promotion: HeadCount: The goal of this initiative is to increase voter registration and encourage your listeners to get the vote out during the 2020 General Election this November. https://www.headcount.org/ --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/autonomous-cars-with-marc-hoag/message