Let's talk about Electric Vehicles

In this episode, Teresa and Theo finish out our electric boats series with a discussion of larger electric boats (ships and ferries) and an interview with Matt Von Ruden from Washington State Ferries. Check out the references page linked below for preliminary renderings of the new converted ferries, and a preliminary diagram of the electrified system!Contact InformationE-Mail: contact@evtalk.coWebsite: www.evtalk.coTwitter: teresa_rhoferFacebook: ElectricVehiclePodcastReferenceshttps://www.evtalk.co/post/37-evs-on-a-huge-scale-electric-ships-and-ferriesMusicDigital Future Technology [audiojungle]Sound-effects from freesound.org

In this episode, we talked about why Norway was able to achieve what many other countries are struggling with. We came to the conclusion that several historic events and some convenient market characteristics let Norway have more initial potential for a rapid EV transition.Contact InformationE-Mail: contact@evtalk.coWebsite: www.evtalk.coTwitter: teresa_rhoferFacebook: ElectricVehiclePodcastReferenceshttps://www.evtalk.co/post/36-evs-the-norway-about-incentives-green-energy-and-oil-revenueMusicDigital Future Technology [audiojungle]Sound-effects from freesound.org

Batteries aren't just for cars! In this second episode focused on electric boats, Theo talks about the significant challenges that they face, some myths surrounding them, and the potential benefits to adoption of electric power for boats, while contrasting all of these factors with similar consideration for electric cars.This episode is the sequel to an episode from December, which focused on the history of electric boats. It's definitely not required before listening to this episode, but if you haven't listened, we encourage you to check out that episode as well.Contact InformationE-Mail: contact@evtalk.coWebsite: evtalk.coTwitter: teresa_rhofer, theotayoFacebook: ElectricVehiclePodcastReferenceshttps://www.evtalk.co/post/35-electric-boats-part-2MusicDigital Future Technology [audiojungle]Sound-effects from [freesound.org]

We're back! In this episode, Teresa and Theo talk about the science behind solid state batteries, and the announcements made by groups who are researching the technology. What's so great about solid state batteries? Are they going to change the world in a flash? What's so bad about a little liquid? Listen now for a reasoned discussion of all these questions and more!Contact InformationE-Mail: contact@evtalk.coWebsite: evtalk.coTwitter: teresa_rhofer, theotayoFacebook: ElectricVehiclePodcastReferenceshttps://www.evtalk.co/post/34-solid-state-batteriesMusicDigital Future Technology [audiojungle]Sound-effects from [freesound.org]

In this shorter-than-usual episode, Theo talks about the history of electric boats (and ships!) from the 1830s up until today, as well as some current trends that could expand the role of electric propulsion and energy storage for boats (and ships!) in the future.Contact InformationE-Mail: electric-vehicle-podcast@outlook.comWebsite: evtalk.coTwitter: teresa_rhoferFacebook: ElectricVehiclePodcastReferenceshttps://www.evtalk.co/post/33-electric-boats-a-brief-history-and-current-trendsMusicDigital Future Technology [audiojungle]Sound-effects from [freesound.org]

We explain how market analysts have calculated the total cost of ownership so far, and talk about two other ways to think about the cost and benefit of owning electric vehicles -- the usage experience (do both technologies offer the same benefit and therefore require equal cost, or is one of them superior and it would thereby be justified to have higher cost?), and the potential monetary effects when you include the social cost of carbon. Theo and Teresa have been brainstorming about how to best incorporate these factors in comparative cost analyses.Contact InformationE-Mail: contact@evtalk.coWebsite: evtalk.coTwitter: teresa_rhoferFacebook: ElectricVehiclePodcastReferences[1] K. Ricke, L. Drouet, K. Caldeira, and M. Tavoni, “Country-level social cost of carbon,” Nature Clim Change, vol. 8, no. 10, pp. 895–900, Oct. 2018.[2] U. Irfan, “Climate change is a global injustice. A new study shows why.,” Vox, 26-Sep-2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.vox.com/2018/9/26/17897614/climate-change-social-cost-carbon. [Accessed: 11-Dec-2019].Some TCO examples (some of them more EV-friendly than others):https://www.evtalk.co/post/32-fair-cost-comparison-between-electric-cars-and-gas-carsMusicDigital Future Technology [audiojungle]Sound-effects from [freesound.org]

Episode DescriptionIn the previous episode, Teresa and Theo talked about the lifetime carbon emissions of electric cars. But electric car emissions are highly dependent on the carbon emissions of the electricity that powers them. So in this episode, Theo takes a quick dive into the electrical grid, how it works, and how it can become greener. Contact InformationE-Mail: electric-vehicle-podcast@outlook.comWebsite: evtalk.coTwitter: teresa_rhoferFacebook: ElectricVehiclePodcastReferenceshttps://www.evtalk.co/post/31-fueling-electric-cars-the-grid-and-making-it-greenerMusicDigital Future Technology [audiojungle]Sound-effects from freesound.org

Episode DescriptionEVs have no tailpipe emissions - but critiques say that the emissions of the electricity production and the emissions of the battery production make the EV worse off. In this episode, Theo and Teresa debunk the most polarized studies and explain how certain assumptions impact the results. Furthermore, they conduct their own calculations and play around with different scenarios.Contact InformationE-Mail: electric-vehicle-podcast@outlook.comWebsite: evtalk.coTwitter: teresa_rhoferFacebook: ElectricVehiclePodcastReferenceshttps://www.evtalk.co/post/30-ev-versus-icev-lifecycle-carbon-emissionsMusicDigital Future Technology [audiojungle]Sound-effects from freesound.org

Theo and Teresa are chatting about electric car racing. In particular, about drag racing (and the disappointing performance of EVs so far), formula e, and hillclimbing. You will learn about the differences in technology, performance, and some fun features in formula e.Contact InformationE-Mail: electric-vehicle-podcast@outlook.comWebsite:evtalk.coTwitter: teresa_rhoferFacebook: ElectricVehiclePodcastReferenceshttps://www.evtalk.co/post/29-fast-faster-electric-about-car-racing-without-combustion-growlMusicDigital Future Technology [audiojungle]Sound-effects from freesound.org

The battery pack is the most expensive part of an electric vehicle, and so the lifespan of the battery is a significant concern for many EV owners and buyers. In this episode, Theo digs into the factors that affect how many miles and years an EV battery pack will last, and talks about some ways that you may be able to preserve the life of your battery.Contact InformationE-Mail: electric-vehicle-podcast@outlook.comWebsite: evtalk.coTwitter: teresa_rhoferFacebook: ElectricVehiclePodcastReferenceshttps://www.evtalk.co/post/28-lithium-ion-lifespan-keeping-your-electric-car-battery-healthy

www.patreon.com/electricvehiclepodcast☝Support this podcast & get all unlisted episodesEpisode DescriptionEver wondered how lithium ion batteries actually do their magic? How they can store huge amounts of electricity in a small space for a long time, and then blast it out quickly to pass that truck/lorry on the highway? In this episode, Theo digs into the internals of Lithium Ion batteries, including the materials involved, the chemical reactions that take place, and the physical construction of the battery. It's a lot of tech, science, and hopefully, fun! Contact InformationE-Mail: electric-vehicle-podcast@outlook.comWebsite: www.evtalk.co Twitter: teresa_rhoferFacebook: ElectricVehiclePodcastReferences“How Do Lithium-Ion Batteries Work? - Explain That Stuff.” Accessed October 30, 2019. https://www.explainthatstuff.com/how-lithium-ion-batteries-work.html#targetText=All%20lithium%2Dion%20batteries%20work,stores%20energy%20during%20this%20process.“Inside a Lithium-Ion Battery Pack and Cell - How Lithium-Ion Batteries Work | HowStuffWorks.” Accessed October 30, 2019. https://electronics.howstuffworks.com/everyday-tech/lithium-ion-battery1.htm.“Lithium Battery.” In Wikipedia, October 30, 2019. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lithium_battery&oldid=923760306.“Lithium-Based Batteries Information – Battery University.” Accessed November 10, 2019. https://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/lithium_based_batteries.“Lithium-Ion Battery.” In Wikipedia, November 9, 2019. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lithium-ion_battery&oldid=925281812.“Everything You Ever Wanted To Know About Tesla Batteries.” Accessed October 31, 2019. https://insideevs.com/news/338743/everything-you-ever-wanted-to-know-about-tesla-batteries/.MusicDigital Future Technology [audiojungle]Sound-effects from freesound.org

www.patreon.com/electricvehiclepodcast☝Support this podcast & get all unlisted episodesEpisode DescriptionAbout half of the global lithium supply is produced by crushing lithium-rich rocks, and the other half by extracting lithium from underground brines. The former is fast but energy-intensive, whereas the latter is cheap but requires several months because of the solar evaporation process. However, there are ways in development to extract lithium from brines that do not require solar evaporation, called direct lithium extraction. E3 metals corporation in Alberta, for example, designed such a process. Contact InformationE-Mail: electric-vehicle-podcast@outlook.comWebsite: www.electric-vehicle-podcast.comTwitter: teresa_rhoferFacebook: ElectricVehiclePodcastReferences[1]T. Bell, “What Are the Basics of Commercial Lithium Production?,” The Balance. [Online]. Available: https://www.thebalance.com/lithium-production-2340123. [Accessed: 16-Oct-2019].[2]C. Dessemond, F. Lajoie-Leroux, G. Soucy, N. Laroche, and J.-F. Magnan, “Spodumene: The Lithium Market, Resources and Processes,” Minerals, vol. 9, no. 6, p. 334, May 2019.[3]G. Martin, L. Rentsch, M. Höck, and M. Bertau, “Lithium market research – global supply, future demand and price development,” Energy Storage Materials, vol. 6, pp. 171–179, Jan. 2017.[4]“Lithium Market | Growth, Trends, and Forecast (2019 - 2024).” [Online]. Available: https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/lithium-market. [Accessed: 22-Oct-2019].[5]“e3 Metals Corp,” e3 Metals Corp. [Online]. Available: https://www.e3metalscorp.com. [Accessed: 20-Sep-2019].[6]Platts S&P Global, “Batter Metals Podcast - AUgust 30, 2019.”MusicDigital Future Technology [audiojungle]Sound-effects from freesound.org

www.patreon.com/electricvehiclepodcast☝Support this podcast & get all unlisted episodesEpisode DescriptionBatteries are key to the operation of electric vehicles but are also fascinating in their own right. In this episode, we go on a fascinating 15 minute journey through 230 years of chemistry leading up to the amazing battery technology we have today.Contact InformationE-Mail: electric-vehicle-podcast@outlook.comWebsite: Batteries are key to the operation of electric vehicles, but are also fascinating in their own right. In this episode, we go on a fascinating 15 minute journey through 230 years of chemistry leading up to the amazing battery technology we have today.Twitter: teresa_rhoferFacebook: ElectricVehiclePodcastReferences[1]K. Sheikh, B. X. Chen, and I. Penn, “Lithium-Ion Batteries Work Earns Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 3 Scientists,” The New York Times, 09-Oct-2019.[2]“Lemon battery,” Wikipedia. 22-Sep-2019.[3]“Lead–acid battery,” Wikipedia. 22-Sep-2019.[4]“Lead-based Batteries Information – Battery University.” [Online]. Available: https://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/lead_based_batteries. [Accessed: 15-Oct-2019].[5]E. Wesoff, “Is the ‘Babylon Battery’ the World’s First Electrochemical Battery?,” 23-Nov-2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/is-the-babylon-battery-the-worlds-first-electrochemical-battery. [Accessed: 15-Oct-2019].[6]“Introduction to Lead-Acid Batteries.” [Online]. Available: http://www.altenergy.org/renewables/lead-acid_batteries.html. [Accessed: 15-Oct-2019].[7]“Battery History | HowStuffWorks.” [Online]. Available: https://electronics.howstuffworks.com/everyday-tech/battery1.htm#targetText=The%20history%20of%20batteries%20can%20be%20traced%20back%20to%201800.&targetText=These%20%22Baghdad%20batteries%22%20may%20have,pasteboard%20or%20cloth%2C%20and%20silver. [Accessed: 15-Oct-2019].[8]“battery benjamin franklin - Google Search.” [Online]. Available: https://www.google.com/search?q=battery+benjamin+franklin&oq=battery+benjamin+&aqs=chrome.1.69i57j0.3767j1j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8. [Accessed: 15-Oct-2019].[9]“BAJ Website | The history of the battery : 4) The lead-acid battery (secondary battery).” [Online]. Available: http://www.baj.or.jp/e/knowledge/history04.html. [Accessed: 15-Oct-2019].[10]“Artillery battery,” Wikipedia. 16-Sep-2019.[11]admin, “5 Types of Lithium Ion Batteries,” Synergy Files, 23-Sep-2015. .MusicDigital Future Technology [audiojungle]Sound-effects from freesound.org

www.patreon.com/electricvehiclepodcast☝Support this podcast & get all unlisted episodesEpisode DescriptionScammers that promise unrealistic performances of electric vehicles (such as self-charging EVs) can hurt the EV industry, because they damage the credibility of actual experts and actual ingenious inventions. And journalists who promote these unrealistic EV performances are irresponsible. But what can a green journalist do in order to evaluate a product’s credibility? The following tips are methods that I personally use and have helped me a lot.Contact InformationE-Mail: electric-vehicle-podcast@outlook.comWebsite: www.electric-vehicle-podcast.comTwitter: teresa_rhoferFacebook: ElectricVehiclePodcastReferencesAbout – Nonlinear Dynamics Inc. (n.d.). Retrieved October 10, 2019, from http://nldi.ca/about/General information concerning patents | USPTO. (n.d.). Retrieved October 18, 2019, from https://www.uspto.gov/patents-getting-started/general-information-concerning-patentsPerpetual motion. (2019). In Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perpetual_motion&oldid=921761030MusicDigital Future Technology [audiojungle]Sound-effects from freesound.org

www.patreon.com/electricvehiclepodcast☝Support this podcast & get all unlisted episodesEpisode DescriptionIf you want to make your own DIY conversion, you will need a donor car, which is preferably quite old and has manual transmission. Furthermore, it should not be too heavy but still have enough room for the battery cells. Other parts that are required for EV conversions are the battery and it’s managment system, a speed controller, the brake vacuum system, and some other electronics depending on your particular situation. The conversion would cost you around 20k USD, which is 27k CAD of 18k EUR, plus the cost for the donor car. For safety reasons, we highly recommend to consult with professionals.Contact InformationE-Mail: electric-vehicle-podcast@outlook.comWebsite: www.electric-vehicle-podcast.comTwitter: teresa_rhoferFacebook: ElectricVehiclePodcastReferences[1]“What Was I Thinking? A Tale Of An EV Conversion That Was Over Before It Began,” CleanTechnica, 02-Jun-2018. [Online]. Available: https://cleantechnica.com/2018/06/02/what-was-i-thinking-a-tale-of-an-ev-conversion-that-was-over-before-it-began/. [Accessed: 10-Oct-2019].[2]“The Rise Of The Electric Vehicle Conversion Shop,” CleanTechnica, 26-Aug-2018. [Online]. Available: https://cleantechnica.com/2018/08/26/the-rise-of-the-electric-vehicle-conversion-shop/. [Accessed: 04-Oct-2019].[3]“The EV Conversion Guide,” The EV Conversion Guide. [Online]. Available: http://www.ev-guide.com. [Accessed: 02-Oct-2019].[4]“Recycling is the primary energy efficiency technology for aluminum and steel manufacturing - Today in Energy - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA).” [Online]. Available: https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=16211. [Accessed: 10-Oct-2019].[5]“Kungl. vetenskapsakademien - The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2019.” [Online]. Available: https://www.kva.se/en/pressrum/pressmeddelanden/nobelpriset-i-kemi-2019. [Accessed: 10-Oct-2019].[6]“Gas to Electric Car Conversions – Seattle Electric Vehicle Assocation (SEVA).” .[7]“EV-calculations.” [Online]. Available: http://www.ev-propulsion.com/EV-calculations.html. [Accessed: 10-Oct-2019].[8]“EV Source,” EV Source. [Online]. Available: https://evsource.com/. [Accessed: 10-Oct-2019].[9]“EV Conversion Kits, EV West - Electric Vehicle Parts, Components, EVSE Charging Stations, Electric Car Conversion Kits.” [Online]. Available: https://www.evwest.com/catalog/index.php?cPath=40. [Accessed: 10-Oct-2019].[10]“Estimation of CO2 Emissions of Internal Combustion Engine Vehicle and Battery Electric Vehicle.” .[11]Q. Qiao, F. Zhao, Z. Liu, S. Jiang, and H. Hao, “Comparative Study on Life Cycle CO2 Emissions from the Production of Electric and Conventional Vehicles in China,” Energy Procedia, vol. 105, pp. 3584–3595, May 2017.[12]“Battery pack calculator.” [Online]. Available:

www.patreon.com/electricvehiclepodcast☝Support this podcast & get all unlisted episodesBlog Post with a list of EV podcasts:https://blog.feedspot.com/electric_vehicle_podcasts/Episode DescriptionDid you know that the inspiration for Tesla Motors roots in the conversion of racing cars into EVs? An electric motor is more powerful than a gasoline motor, which is what made EVs attractive for drag racing. We introduce you to the history of EV conversion and continue talking about the difficulties and costs of EV conversion next week.Contact InformationE-Mail: electric-vehicle-podcast@outlook.comWebsite: www.electric-vehicle-podcast.comTwitter: teresa_rhoferFacebook: ElectricVehiclePodcastReferences[1]D. Siry, “Will the Real Tesla Founder Please Stand Up?,” Wired, 25-Jun-2009.[2]“Welcome to Plasma Boy Racing, home of White Zombie, the world’s quickest street legal electric door slammer in the 1/4 mile drag.” [Online]. Available: http://www.plasmaboyracing.com/. [Accessed: 02-Oct-2019].[3]some as CalmX et al., “Wait, There Were Electric Cars Between 1830 and 1930?,” ThoughtCo. [Online]. Available: https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-electric-vehicles-1991603. [Accessed: 02-Oct-2019].[4]“Timeline: History of the Electric Car,” Energy.gov. [Online]. Available: https://www.energy.gov/timeline/timeline-history-electric-car. [Accessed: 02-Oct-2019].[5]“The Rise Of The Electric Vehicle Conversion Shop,” CleanTechnica, 26-Aug-2018. [Online]. Available: https://cleantechnica.com/2018/08/26/the-rise-of-the-electric-vehicle-conversion-shop/. [Accessed: 04-Oct-2019].[6]“The History of the Electric Vehicle,” Leland West Insurance - www.lelandwest.com. [Online]. Available: https://www.lelandwest.com/history-of-the-electric-vehicle.cfm. [Accessed: 02-Oct-2019].[7]“The First Electric Car | HowStuffWorks.” [Online]. Available: https://auto.howstuffworks.com/fuel-efficiency/hybrid-technology/history-of-electric-cars1.htm. [Accessed: 02-Oct-2019].[8]C. Platt, “Suck Amps!,” Wired, 01-Mar-1999.[9]“NEDRA - About NEDRA.” [Online]. Available: http://www.nedra.com/about_us.html. [Accessed: 04-Oct-2019].[10]“La Jamais Contente,” Wikipedia. 24-Sep-2019.[11]“J. B. Straubel,” Wikipedia. 28-Aug-2019.[12]“EVs for Sale - Electric Auto Association.” [Online]. Available: https://eaa-1967.clubexpress.com/content.aspx?page_id=22&club_id=222684&module_id=242472. [Accessed: 02-Oct-2019].[13]“EV History - Electric Auto Association.” [Online]. Available: https://eaa-1967.clubexpress.com/content.aspx?page_id=22&club_id=222684&module_id=241560. [Acces

www.patreon.com/electricvehiclepodcast ☝Support this podcast & get all unlisted episodesMost of the research on early adopters focuses on two self-identities that correspond to purchasing electric vehicles:1) The environmentalist identity, and2) The so-called car-authority identityThe environmentalist identity describes people with a pro-environmental orientation as part of their lifestyle and part of their self-image. The car-authority identity describes people who are experts on cars. These types of early adopters, the ones that are mainly technology-driven, don’t really care about the environmental benefits of EVs. They mainly care about the technical attributes of the vehicles. I, personally, have encountered both types of identities by talking to EV owners. But from my personal impression, there seem to be more car-authority types than environmentalists amongst EV buyers. What do you think, what are your experiences? I would love to hear about your thoughts. Send an e-mail! Also, let me know if you have to add a type of identity to this list. I, for example, hope that soon the identity of being very responsible with money and expenditures will be the type of identity that is associated with electric vehicles. Contact InformationE-Mail: electric-vehicle-podcast@outlook.comWebsite: www.electric-vehicle-podcast.comTwitter: teresa_rhoferFacebook: ElectricVehiclePodcastReferences mentioned in the Episode[1]E. H. Noppers, K. Keizer, J. W. Bolderdijk, and L. Steg, “The adoption of sustainable innovations: Driven by symbolic and environmental motives,” Global Environmental Change, vol. 25, pp. 52–62, Mar. 2014.[2]E. Graham-Rowe et al., “Mainstream consumers driving plug-in battery-electric and plug-in hybrid electric cars: A qualitative analysis of responses and evaluations,” Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 140–153, Jan. 2012.[3]Z. Rezvani, J. Jansson, and J. Bodin, “Advances in consumer electric vehicle adoption research: A review and research agenda,” Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, vol. 34, pp. 122–136, Jan. 2015.More References[1]S. Bamberg and G. Möser, “Twenty years after Hines, Hungerford, and Tomera: A new meta-analysis of psycho-social determinants of pro-environmental behaviour,” Journal of Environmental Psychology, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 14–25, Mar. 2007.[2]G. Schuitema, J. Anable, S. Skippon, and N. Kinnear, “The role of instrumental, hedonic and symbolic attributes in the intention to adopt electric vehicles,” Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, vol. 48, pp. 39–49, Feb. 2013.[3]B. Lane and S. Potter, “The adoption of cleaner vehicles in the UK: exploring the consumer attitude–action gap,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 15, no. 11–12, pp. 1085–1092, Jan. 2007.[4]S. Skippon and M. Garwood, “Responses to battery electric vehicles: UK consumer attitudes and attributions of symbolic meaning following direct experience to reduce psychological distance,” Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, vol. 16, no. 7, pp. 525–531, Oct. 2011.[5]B. Vandecasteele and M. Geuens, “Motivated Consumer Innovativeness: Concept, measurement, and validation,” International Journal of Research in Marketing, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 308–318, Dec. 2010.[6]J. Axsen, J. TyreeHageman, and A. Lentz, “Lifestyle practices and pro-environmental technology,” Ecological Economics, vol. 82, pp. 64–74, Oct. 2012.[7]S. Carley, R. M. Krause, B. W. Lane

Support this podcast & get all unlisted episodesSummaryThe natural resources of battery materials like lithium, cobalt, nickel, or graphite are very unlikely to be exploited, whereas some rare earth elements used in the permanent magnets for the electric motor and the increased demand for copper used for wiring, the battery, and the motor, could indeed become a problem. Efficient counter strategies are: finding better material compositions that use less critical materials, and establishing an efficient recycling routine. The problem is not that there are too little material reserves, but rather the distribution of the critical resources. Some former world leaders will lose power, and some other countries such as China, Bolivia, Chile, the Philippines, and many more have the potential to gain power. Some Western countries fail to see the signs and do not adequately prepare themselves for the global power shift. Even though recycling rates of 98% of the materials are technically possible, there is still no efficient recycling routine. And even though there are lithium resources in Europe and North America, there is little effort to establish an efficient extraction process. Also, the mining process can be very energy intensive, which is both expensive and emission intensive, and mining in third world countries comes with substantial social concerns.It is important to minimize the import dependencies, and it is important to monitor the global demand for critical materials.Contact InformationE-Mail: electric-vehicle-podcast@outlook.comWebsite: www.electric-vehicle-podcast.comTwitter: teresa_rhoferFacebook: ElectricVehiclePodcastReferences[1] “Rare-earth element,” Wikipedia. 13-Sep-2019.[2] Y. Le Petit, “Electric vehicle life cycle analysis and raw material availability,” Transport & Environment, 2017.[3] “Cobalt 27 Capital Corp. - About Cobalt.” [Online]. Available: https://www.cobalt27.com/media/about-cobalt/. [Accessed: 17-Sep-2019].MusicDigital Future Technology [audiojungle]

An interview with Jim Steil, the co-founder of GoElectric, a used electric car dealer in Calgary, Alberta. I learned that a good strategy for EV dealers is to import the vehicles from places with high subsidies. And a good way to test the battery quality aside from using the software is to just drive around until the battery is empty and see how far you can get. Also, there is still a lot of misinformation around about electric cars. Many people don’t know that you charge them in a regular outlet. Many people are concerned about the battery performance in winter. As for the value of used electric cars: To determine the price, GoElectric orientates on the few other dealers that offer used electric cars, and Jim Steil thinks that electric cars still depreciate faster than gasoline cars because the technology is enhancing so fast. But – that could also be a good thing for consumers. Because they can have a great used electric car for less. I am excited to follow the future development of the used EV market. Supportwww.patreon.com/electricvehiclepodcast ☝Support this podcast & get unlisted episodesContact InformationE-Mail: electric-vehicle-podcast@outlook.comWebsite: www.electric-vehicle-podcast.comTwitter: teresa_rhoferFacebook: ElectricVehiclePodcastReferencesCheck out GoElectricSome reading material, though unfortunately quite old:[1] K. Storchmann, “On the Depreciation of Automobiles: An International Comparison,” Transportation, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 371–408, Nov. 2004.[2] B. Propfe, M. Redelbach, D. Santini, and H. Friedrich, “Cost analysis of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles including Maintenance & Repair Costs and Resale Values,” WEVJ, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 886–895, 2012.[3] E. A. Gilmore and L. B. Lave, “Comparing resale prices and total cost of ownership for gasoline, hybrid and diesel passenger cars and trucks,” Transport Policy, vol. 27, pp. 200–208, May 2013.MusicDigital Future Technology [audiojungle]

Gasoline and diesel cars have tailpipe emissions. They emit nitrogen oxides and particulate matter which are both harmful for human health. Nitrogen oxides contribute to the formation of ozone, smog, and acid rain. Particulate matter, which is basically dust, with a diameter of 2.5 micrometers or smaller are called fine particles and can get deep into our lungs and cause serious trouble. Electric cars don’t have tailpipe emissions. But: there are non-tailpipe emissions due to brake wear and resuspension, which depends on the size and the weight of the vehicle, and not on the type of motor. Yet there is an undisputable potential for air quality enhancement through switching to electric vehicles as main mean of transportation, especially in terms of nitrogen oxide emission. This was confirmed by both a hypothetical calculation and a real life assessment. Contact InformationE-Mail: electric-vehicle-podcast@outlook.comWebsite: www.electric-vehicle-podcast.comTwitter: teresa_rhoferFacebook: ElectricVehiclePodcastReferences[1] A. Soret, M. Guevara, and J. M. Baldasano, “The potential impacts of electric vehicles on air quality in the urban areas of Barcelona and Madrid (Spain),” Atmospheric Environment, vol. 99, pp. 51–63, 2014.[2] G. Razeghi, M. Carreras-Sospedra, T. Brown, J. Brouwer, D. Dabdub, and S. Samuelsen, “Episodic air quality impacts of plug-in electric vehicles,” Atmospheric Environment, vol. 137, pp. 90–100, 2016.[3] R. Tan, D. Tang, and B. Lin, “Policy impact of new energy vehicles promotion on air quality in Chinese cities,” Energy Policy, vol. 118, pp. 33–40, 2018.[4] “Air Pollutants.” [Online]. Available: http://www.enviropedia.org.uk/Air_Quality/Air_Pollutants.php. [Accessed: 04-Jul-2019].[5] “Air Pollution Chemistry.” [Online]. Available: http://www.enviropedia.org.uk/Air_Quality/Air_Pollution_Chemistry.php. [Accessed: 04-Jul-2019].[6] “Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) Pollution - Health Issues - Icopal.” [Online]. Available: http://www.icopal-noxite.co.uk/nox-problem/nox-pollution.aspx. [Accessed: 27-Aug-2019].[7] “Particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) | National Pollutant Inventory.” [Online]. Available: http://www.npi.gov.au/resource/particulate-matter-pm10-and-pm25. [Accessed: 27-Aug-2019]. MusicDigital Future Technology [audiojungle]

www.patreon.com/electricvehiclepodcast ☝Support this podcast & get all unlisted episodesWhy do people refuse to drive electric? The bias for the status quo (oil-based transportation system) has many reasons. It could be the result of a rational analysis of benefits and cost. But it could also be the result of an irrational commitment to previous decisions, or due to cognitive misperception.Contact InformationE-Mail: electric-vehicle-podcast@outlook.comWebsite: www.electric-vehicle-podcast.comTwitter: teresa_rhoferFacebook: ElectricVehiclePodcastReferences[1] H. A. Simon, Models of man; social and rational. Oxford, England: Wiley, 1957.[2] L. Festinger and J. Carlsmith, “Cognitive Consequences of Forced Compliance,” Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, vol. 58, pp. 203–210, 1959.[3] D. Kahneman and A. Tversky, “Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk,” Econometrica, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 263–292, 1979. MusicDigital Future Technology [audiojungle]

www.patreon.com/electricvehiclepodcast ☝Support this podcast & get all unlisted episodesWith different types of incentives, you target different population segments. And knowing in which segment the early adopters of EVs most probably lie, you can target them first. Monetary incentives are a key aspect in order to introduce electric vehicles to the market. But to guarantee a broader and more sustainable demand, the price of electric vehicles has to drop, hence the battery cost has to drop. Contact InformationE-Mail: electric-vehicle-podcast@outlook.comWebsite: www.electric-vehicle-podcast.comFacebook: ElectricVehiclePodcastTwitter: teresa_rhoferReferences[1] P. Z. Lévay, Y. Drossinos, and C. Thiel, “The effect of fiscal incentives on market penetration of electric vehicles: A pairwise comparison of total cost of ownership,” Energy Policy, vol. 105, pp. 524–533, 2017. MusicDigital Future Technology [audiojungle]

www.patreon.com/electricvehiclepodcast ☝Support this podcast & get all unlisted episodesThe market share of hybrid cars seems to react very sensitive to gasoline prices. The correlation is much higher than expected. In comparison to that, the effect of incentivizing policies seems rather small.The chance of a significant effect gets higher if the incentive gets paid right at the time of the purchase. Consumers tend to depreciate future tax credits and subsidies. But: If there is a reduction of the purchasing price, chances are high that the car dealer just adjusts his price and the policy ends up being a subsidy for the dealer instead of for the consumer. Contact InformationE-Mail: electric-vehicle-podcast@outlook.comWebsite: www.electric-vehicle-podcast.comFacebook: ElectricVehiclePodcastTwitter: teresa_rhoferReferencesD. Diamond, “The impact of government incentives for hybrid-electric vehicles: Evidence from US states,” Energy Policy, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 972–983, Mar. 2009.MusicDigital Future Technology [audiojungle]

www.patreon.com/electricvehiclepodcast ☝Support this podcast & get all unlisted episodesCould we say that the gasoline car outperformed the electric vehicle due to a coincidence? I don’t know. It seems like there are a lot of reasons that lead the gasoline car to win over the electric vehicle in the early 20th century. Nevertheless, what we hopefully learned from this episode is to not perceive a current technology as the undisputed champion, just because it outperformed 100 years ago. The circumstances today are totally different. Contact InformationE-Mail: electric-vehicle-podcast@outlook.comWebsite: www.electric-vehicle-podcast.comFacebook: ElectricVehiclePodcastTwitter: teresa_rhoferReferences[1] “The History of the Electric Car,” Energy.gov. [Online]. Available: https://www.energy.gov/articles/history-electric-car. [Accessed: 18-Jul-2019]. MusicDigital Future Technology [audiojungle]

www.patreon.com/electricvehiclepodcast ☝Support this podcast & get all unlisted episodesRegenerative braking means that the counter-torque of the motor in deceleration processes can be used to generate energy and recharge the battery. The electric motor, therefore, works as both a motor and a generator. It is a key aspect in order to make electric vehicles economically competitive with conventional cars. A practical experiment showed an increase in driving range of up to 22% and a reduction of brake pad wear by 50%. Unfortunately, regenerative braking makes the braking system more complex. In order to maximize the recoverable energy, you have to shift as much of the braking force towards the motor torque and away from the friction brakes. Therefore you might have to cut down in braking performance, braking comfort and safety. Contact InformationE-Mail: electric-vehicle-podcast@outlook.comWebsite: www.electric-vehicle-podcast.comTwitter: teresa_rhoferFacebook: ElectricVehiclePodcastReferences[1] G. Wager, J. Whale, and T. Braunl, “Performance evaluation of regenerative braking systems,” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering $V 232, no. 10, pp. 1414–1427, 2018.[2] S. Oleksowicz, M. Ruta, K. Burnham, E. Curry, and H. Garces, “Legal, Safety and Practical Regenerative Braking Control Challenges,” Measurement and Control, vol. 46, no. 9, pp. 283–288, Nov. 2013.[3] J. Guo, “Development of regenerative braking for electric vehicles in China: a review,” IJEHV, vol. 7, no. 2, p. 120, 2015.MusicDigital Future Technology [audiojungle]

What is 12 meters long, loaded with water canisters, drives usual bus routes in a Chinese city, without letting any passengers in at the stops? Sounds like an awesome practical experiment to test the real energy performance of electric urban buses!The actual real-life energy consumption of electric buses is higher than the results from laboratory tests due to congested traffic, heavy loads and air-conditioning. Therefore, the actual driving range is smaller than expected. If the electric bus cannot cover this with one charge, then the concept of overnight charging is not sufficient. In Macao, where the share of renewables is relatively high, the electric bus produces less CO2 emissions than a comparative diesel bus. This calculation might look totally different in areas with higher fossil energy shares. Therefore, by enhancing the urban air quality, urban buses shift the environmental burden just to a different area. Is this a reason to give up on electric buses?Contact InformationE-Mail: electric-vehicle-podcast@outlook.comWebsite: www.electric-vehicle-podcast.comTwitter: teresa_rhoferFacebook: ElectricVehiclePodcastReferences[1] He et al., “Energy consumption and well-to-wheels air pollutant emissions of battery electric buses under complex operating conditions and implications on fleet electrification,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 171, pp. 714–722, Jan. 2018. MusicDigital Future Technology [audiojungle]

Whenever you come across a comparative cost result, you should pay attention to the context of the study. First of all: What is the region of investigation, and how does it differ to the area where you live?Contact InformationE-Mail: electric-vehicle-podcast@outlook.comWebsite: www.electric-vehicle-podcast.comTwitter: teresa_rhoferReferenceshttps://www.evtalk.co/post/10-how-affordable-is-the-ev-total-cost-of-ownership-basics

www.patreon.com/electricvehiclepodcast ☝Support this podcast & get all unlisted episodesWe know that supercapacitors cannot replace lithium-ion batteries. Their potential rather lies in the combination with batteries. To help out in those situations, where the batteries’ performance is not sufficient. Delegating the sharp and powerful charge-discharge situations to the super cap, reduces the stress for the battery and therefore increases its lifetime. How often does a battery really have to deal with short and powerful charge- and discharge situations?Contact InformationE-Mail: electric-vehicle-podcast@outlook.comWebsite: www.electric-vehicle-podcast.com References[1] A. Berrueta, A. Ursua, I. S. Martin, A. Eftekhari, and P. Sanchis, “Supercapacitors: Electrical Characteristics, Modeling, Applications, and Future Trends,” IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 50869–50896, 2019.[2] EV-Tech Explained, “How Supercapacitors Work - A step by step guide.” [Online]. Available: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6FG6JRHGFyQ. [Accessed: 02-Mar-2019].[3] Phreestyle Physics, “16.02 What is a capacitor?” [Online]. Available: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pnBRFXgaTMo. [Accessed: 09-May-2019].[4] Viodi, “The Fuel Tank of Tomorrow - A Super Capacitor?” [Online]. Available: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3K8JIC-ov_Y&feature=youtu.be. [Accessed: 02-Mar-2019].[5] “Kilowatt.” [Online]. Available: https://kilowattlabs.com/. [Accessed: 02-May-2019].[6] Now You Know, “Bang Bang Maxwell’s Supercapacitor | In Depth - YouTube.” [Online]. Available: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H8wdeqS3UlU. [Accessed: 03-May-2019].MusicDigital Future Technology [audiojungle]

Any machine that needs quick and powerful energy in irregular frequencies could benefit from a super cap. Recently imposed CO2 regulations and the increasing concerns about danger and health related to the indoor use of fossil fuels enforced the implementation of supercapacitors over the last years. Forklifts are the sector where new technologies have the best chance for launching since the production volume is much larger than that of other heavier machines. Even in consumer electronics, the super cap comes in handy, as it assists the flashlight in smartphones, or guarantees the writing speed of cache memory backup. Contact InformationE-Mail: electric-vehicle-podcast@outlook.comWebsite: www.electric-vehicle-podcast.comTwitter: @teresa_rhoferFacebook: ElectricVehiclePodcastReferences[1] A. Berrueta, A. Ursua, I. S. Martin, A. Eftekhari, and P. Sanchis, “Supercapacitors: Electrical Characteristics, Modeling, Applications, and Future Trends,” IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 50869–50896, 2019.[2] EV-Tech Explained, “How Supercapacitors Work - A step by step guide.” [Online]. Available: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6FG6JRHGFyQ. [Accessed: 02-Mar-2019].[3] Phreestyle Physics, “16.02 What is a capacitor?” [Online]. Available: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pnBRFXgaTMo. [Accessed: 09-May-2019].[4] Viodi, “The Fuel Tank of Tomorrow - A Super Capacitor?” [Online]. Available: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3K8JIC-ov_Y&feature=youtu.be. [Accessed: 02-Mar-2019].[5] “Kilowatt.” [Online]. Available: https://kilowattlabs.com/. [Accessed: 02-May-2019].[6] Now You Know, “Bang Bang Maxwell’s Supercapacitor | In Depth - YouTube.” [Online]. Available: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H8wdeqS3UlU. [Accessed: 03-May-2019]. MusicDigital Future Technology [audiojungle]

Supercapacitors can be used as an energy storage media, but their capacity is smaller and even leaks energy after some time. They charge and discharge quickly, with high power, for an almost infinite number of cycles without degradation. In combination with a battery, it can reduce the stress for the battery and therefore increase the batteries lifetime.Supercaps have been commonly used to stabilize the electricity grid system, especially when renewable energy generation is involved, as solar and wind come with high fluctuations. But even consumption fluctuations can sometimes overwhelm a small grid system as it is found for example on smaller islands. Therefore supercapacitor has been successfully used to smooth load demand and supply in smaller grid systems. Contact InformationE-Mail: electric-vehicle-podcast@outlook.comWebsite: www.electric-vehicle-podcast.comReferences[1] A. Berrueta, A. Ursua, I. S. Martin, A. Eftekhari, and P. Sanchis, “Supercapacitors: Electrical Characteristics, Modeling, Applications, and Future Trends,” IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 50869–50896, 2019.[2] EV-Tech Explained, “How Supercapacitors Work - A step by step guide.” [Online]. Available: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6FG6JRHGFyQ. [Accessed: 02-Mar-2019].[3] Phreestyle Physics, “16.02 What is a capacitor?” [Online]. Available: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pnBRFXgaTMo. [Accessed: 09-May-2019].[4] Viodi, “The Fuel Tank of Tomorrow - A Super Capacitor?” [Online]. Available: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3K8JIC-ov_Y&feature=youtu.be. [Accessed: 02-Mar-2019].[5] “Kilowatt.” [Online]. Available: https://kilowattlabs.com/. [Accessed: 02-May-2019].[6] Now You Know, “Bang Bang Maxwell’s Supercapacitor | In Depth - YouTube.” [Online]. Available: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H8wdeqS3UlU. [Accessed: 03-May-2019]. MusicDigital Future Technology [audiojungle]

The target segment for early hydrogen-fuel-cell car adopters is quite small, but not necessarily too small to maintain interest in the technology. Hydrogen, as a promising energy storage alternative, plays an important role in other industries as well. Therefore, we can expect further technology improvements and further price reductions. As for the automotive sector: Electric cars, including battery and fuel cell alike, offer more than just being a cleaner version of gasoline cars. With Mobile Energy opportunities, they offer a value that goes far beyond to what consumers expect from a conventional car today. In this regard, it is important for manufacturers to include these perspectives in the commercialization. Contact InformationE-Mail: electric-vehicle-podcast@outlook.comWebsite: www.electric-vehicle-podcast.comReferences[1] “How It Works: Hydrogen fuel cells | Driving.” [Online]. Available: https://driving.ca/auto-news/news/how-it-works-hydrogen-fuel-cells?gclid=CjwKCAjwqqrmBRAAEiwAdpDXtMTQMzoEZ17OUY9A2OOcIYfd__EAbpP8_p_oa-NzBUmBUiFFe72aoRoChZ0QAvD_BwE&cid=SEARCH%7CGOOGLE%7CTORONTO-DYN%7CPPC&ef_id=XFs1_QAADw3JsRKk%3A20190502142240%3As. [Accessed: 02-May-2019].[2] Real Engineering, “Hydrogen - the Fuel of the Future?,” 05-Dec-2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iPheEg-K2qc. [Accessed: 05-Dec-2018].[3] “Hydrogen production,” Wikipedia. 26-Apr-2019.[4] B. D. Williams and K. S. Kurani, “Estimating the early household market for light-duty hydrogen-fuel-cell vehicles and other ‘Mobile Energy’ innovations in California: A constraints analysis,” J. Power Sources, vol. 160, no. 1, pp. 446–453, Sep. 2006. MusicDigital Future Technology [audiojungle]

Driving range is one of the biggest barriers for electric vehicles to be competitive on the market. But not necessarily because they do not cover people’s range needs, but rather due to a failure in presenting plausible solution concepts for each particular consumer segment. Rather than installing unnecessarily large battery packs, manufacturers should start to tackle the consumers misperception by smart marketing strategies. Contact Information: www.electric-vehicle-podcast.comelectric-vehicle-podcast@outlook.comFacebook: ElectricVehiclePodcastReferences:[1] N. S. Pearre, W. Kempton, R. L. Guensler, and V. V. Elango, “Electric vehicles: How much range is required for a day’s driving?,” Transp. Res. Part C Emerg. Technol., vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 1171–1184, Dec. 2011.[2] T. Franke, I. Neumann, F. Bühler, P. Cocron, and J. F. Krems, “Experiencing Range in an Electric Vehicle: Understanding Psychological Barriers.,” Appl. Psychol., vol. 61, no. 3, pp. 368–391, Jul. 2012.[3] T. Franke and J. F. Krems, “What drives range preferences in electric vehicle users?,” Transp. Policy, vol. 30, pp. 56–62, Nov. 2013.[4] S. Pichelmann, T. Franke, and J. F. Krems, “The Timeframe of Adaptation to Electric Vehicle Range,” in Human-Computer Interaction. Applications and Services, vol. 8005, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013, pp. 612–620.Music:Digital Future Technology [audiojungle]

The implementation of electric mobility is a challenge for our electricity system, but not necessarily from an overall capacity perspective, but rather from an efficient usage perspective, requiring smart consumer monitoring and innovative solutions.Contact Information: www.electric-vehicle-podcast.comelectric-vehicle-podcast@outlook.comFacebook: ElectricVehiclePodcastReferences:[1] M. Muratori, “Impact of uncoordinated plug-in electric vehicle charging on residential power demand,” Nat. Energy, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 193–201, Mar. 2018.[2] “How electric vehicles could change the load curve | McKinsey.” [Online]. Available: https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/automotive-and-assembly/our-insights/the-potential-impact-of-electric-vehicles-on-global-energy-systems. [Accessed: 16-Apr-2019].[3] “Electric vehicle boom no sweat, says National Grid,” theenergyst.com, 27-Mar-2018. [Online]. Available: https://theenergyst.com/millions-electric-vehicles-sooner-predicted-no-sweat-says-national-grid/. [Accessed: 17-Apr-2019].[4] “Ofgem proposes system reforms to support electric vehicle revolution,” Ofgem, 23-Jul-2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.ofgem.gov.uk/publications-and-updates/ofgem-proposes-system-reforms-support-electric-vehicle-revolution. [Accessed: 17-Apr-2019].[5] R. Priday, “How the UK’s energy grid will cope with the electric car revolution,” Wired UK, 03-Aug-2018.Music:Digital Future Technology [audiojungle]

Now that we know, that the lifetime of an EV battery is limited such that it has to be replaced at least once throughout the vehicle usage, if not more often, it is time to address the consequences of the massive lithium-ion battery waste that comes along with electric vehicles. Contact Information: www.electric-vehicle-podcast.comelectric-vehicle-podcast@outlook.comFacebook: ElectricVehiclePodcastReferences: [1] S. King, N. J. Boxall, A. I. Bhatt, and R. Ep, “Lithium battery recycling in Australia,” p. 74.[2] “Recycling Technology,” Li-CycleTM | Advanced lithium-ion battery recycling technology. [Online]. Available: https://www.li-cycle.com/recycling-technology.html. [Accessed: 09-Apr-2019].[3] J. Zacune, “Lithium.” GLOBAL 2000 Verlagsges.m.b.H, 2013.[4] H. Aral and A. Vecchio-Sadus, “Toxicity of lithium to humans and the environment—A literature review,” Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., p. 8, 2008.[5] C. P. Baldé, V. Forti, V. Gray, R. Kuehr, and P. Stegmann, “The Global E-waste Monitor 2017,” United Nations University (UNU), International Telecommunication Union (ITU) & International Solid Waste Association (ISWA), 2017.[6] H. H. Heimes, A. Kampker, S. Wessel, M. Kehrer, S. Michaelis, and E. Rahimzei, “Montageprozess eines Batteriemoduls und -packs,” PEM der RWTH Aachen und VDMA Eigendruck, 3. Auflage, 2018.[7] “Das VDMA-Forum Elektromobilität.” [Online]. Available: http://elektromobilitaet.vdma.org/viewer/-/v2article/render/15600443. [Accessed: 06-Apr-2019].[8] X. Zeng, J. Li, and N. Singh, “Recycling of Spent Lithium-Ion Battery: A Critical Review,” Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol., vol. 44, no. 10, pp. 1129–1165, May 2014.[9] H. H. Heimes et al., “Produktionsprozess einer Lithium-Ionen-Batteriezelle,” PEM der RWTH Aachen und VDMA Eigendruck, 3. Auflage, 2018.[10] M. Romare and L. Dahllöf, “The Life Cycle Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Lithium-Ion Batteries,” p. 58.[11] “The E-Waste Journey & Lithium-ion Battery Recycling,” Li-CycleTM | Advanced lithium-ion battery recycling technology. [Online]. Available: http://www.li-cycle.com/1/post/2018/02/the-e-waste-journey-lithium-ion-battery-recycling.html. [Accessed: 09-Apr-2019]. Music:Digital Future Technology [audiojungle]

How much pollution does the production of the electric vehicle battery cause and what are the prospects for improvements in that area?If you really want to find out reliable numbers for the environmental impact of electric cars, you have to dig in quite deep and really devote a lot of time to learn how to filter the trustworthy sources from the dubious ones. Music: Puzzle Pieces by Lee RosevereReferenceshttps://www.evtalk.co/post/2-lithium-ion-batteries-harm-the-environment-about-exploiting-natural-resourcesContact information:e-mail: electric-vehicle-podcast@outlook.comfacebooktwitter

The battery of an electric vehicle makes up a substantial part of both the cost and the weight of an electric vehicle, and it yet is one of the biggest challenges preventing manufacturers from finally making electric vehicles outperform the currently predominant internal combustion engine vehicles such as diesel and gasoline cars. Please don’t hesitate to tell me what you think! Contact me per e-mail at electric-vehicle-podcast@outlook.comReferenceshttps://www.evtalk.co/post/1-ev-batteries-features-challenges-and-prospectsThe music comes from a open source platform and is called Puzzle Pieces by Lee Rosevere.