Podcasts about Global Environmental Change

In this episode, Eric Hsu and Louis Everuss have a discussion about the idea of the Anthropocene, a concept that was originally developed within the field of Geology. Despite it not being formally recognised as a defined geological period in 2024 by the International Commission on Stratigraphy, the Anthropocene continues to feature in various discussions across different fields and sectors of society. But how might sociologists contribute to some of these conversations? Eva Lövbrand et al.'s article in Global Environmental Change put forward some compelling proposals, which Eric and Louis seek to make sense of. Notable in this episode is Eric's retelling of a time he ordered a very small side salad when he was out with friends during high school. Music and sound effects for this episode come from various sources and is licensed under the Creative Commons 0 License, the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0, EFF Open Audio License, or is covered by a SFX (Multi-Use) License or a Commercial License from Epidemic Sound (www.epidemicsound.com). Tracks include:https://freesound.org/people/Tuben/sounds/272044/ https://www.epidemicsound.com/sound-effects/tracks/e1b22011-03a7-45b5-be21-7930691156d9/https://www.epidemicsound.com/sound-effects/tracks/f08d5262-f8b9-4ca1-8d9a-790e04372f73/https://www.epidemicsound.com/sound-effects/tracks/f45b4ad6-19af-43db-891c-88caa1182189/https://www.epidemicsound.com/sound-effects/tracks/e7f2c7bc-824d-428b-aedc-11ad6691d3e4/https://www.epidemicsound.com/sound-effects/tracks/a5e152a8-7983-4637-b54f-5cd7dd7e9da6/https://www.epidemicsound.com/track/4pM4ldz5RD/ https://freesound.org/people/JPMusic82/sounds/415511/The opinions expressed in the Sociology of Everything podcast are that of the hosts and/or guest speakers. They do not necessarily reflect the opinions of anyone else at UniSA or the institution at large.The Sociology of Everything podcast | www.sociologypodcast.com

On this episode of the Crazy Wisdom Podcast, host Stewart Alsop welcomes Swati Chaturvedi, CEO of Propel X, to explore the world of deep tech, frontier technology, and the forces shaping the future of human progress. Swati shares her decade-long journey in deep tech, reflecting on how the term evolved as a response to the "tech startup" boom, and discusses her focus on companies leveraging breakthroughs in science and engineering for humanity's advancement. The conversation touches on the role of government support, the power of hypothesis-free experimentation, and the critical importance of partnerships between startups and large corporations. They also discuss transformative technologies like AI, autonomous drones, bioinformatics, robotics, and the possibilities and perils of human augmentation. For more insights from Swati, visit Propel X at www.propelx.com or connect with her on LinkedIn, where she shares her thoughts on innovation, R&D, and the future of technology.Check out this GPT we trained on the conversation!Timestamps00:00 Introduction to the Crazy Wisdom Podcast00:16 Defining Deep Tech and Its Evolution03:06 Challenges and Philosophical Insights in Deep Tech07:07 AI's Role in Engineering and Bioinformatics14:22 Future Shock and Human Augmentation14:35 The Evolution of Science and Technology22:58 The Future of Work and Social Dynamics24:06 Exploring Sci-Fi Genres: Cyberpunk vs. Solarpunk25:25 Exploring Solar Punk and Human Problems26:01 The Promise and Limitations of Deep Tech26:39 Economic Realities of Technological Advancements27:16 Future Impact of Emerging Technologies28:58 Challenges in Ag Tech and Environmental Concerns29:30 Global Environmental Change and Human Activity33:53 The Role of Modeling in Predicting Climate Impacts36:22 Scientific Method and Industry Collaboration39:23 Government's Role in Early Stage Research42:34 Investment Strategies in Deep Tech46:27 Consumer and Corporate Markets for New Technologies49:12 Conclusion and Future DiscussionsKey InsightsThe Rise of Deep Tech as a Distinct Category: Swati Chaturvedi explains how the concept of "deep tech" emerged as a response to the overuse of the term "tech startup" during the heyday of consumer technology. Unlike simple software apps like photo-sharing or delivery platforms, deep tech focuses on companies leveraging scientific and engineering breakthroughs to solve fundamental human challenges. This includes innovations in fields like AI, robotics, life sciences, space technology, and advanced materials. Her 2014 blog post defining deep tech has since become a widely referenced resource in the field, signaling a shift in focus from digital consumer solutions to tangible, science-based advancements.The Role of Hypothesis-Free Experimentation: Traditional scientific research follows a hypothesis-driven approach, where scientists predict outcomes before testing. Swati highlights the transformative potential of "hypothesis-free" experimentation, where AI and machine learning allow for large-scale experimentation without predefined assumptions. This approach mirrors the randomness of evolution, enabling faster discovery of unexpected results. Companies like Helix are applying this method in drug discovery, where AI-driven processes identify new therapeutic compounds. This shift could significantly accelerate R&D timelines and reduce costs in fields like pharmaceuticals and materials science.The Power of Government Support in Early-Stage R&D: Swati emphasizes the essential role of government funding in de-risking early-stage research. Through programs like SBIR (Small Business Innovation Research) grants, government agencies like the NSF (National Science Foundation) and the Department of Defense (DoD) fund exploratory research at universities and small businesses. These grants act as the "seed fund of America," investing billions annually into high-risk, high-reward projects. Companies that receive these grants often have their private sector investments matched by government dollars, providing significant leverage for investors and entrepreneurs. This public-private funding model enables startups to bridge the "valley of death" between research and commercialization.The Critical Role of Corporate-Startup Partnerships: Swati highlights the importance of partnerships between startups and established corporations, especially in deep tech. These joint development projects allow startups to access resources, validate their markets, and co-develop products with corporate customers. While some founders worry about protecting their intellectual property (IP), Swati believes that the benefits of corporate partnerships outweigh the risks. Corporate collaborations offer crucial early traction and revenue, helping startups de-risk their path to market. This is especially vital in sectors like healthcare, robotics, and clean energy, where the cost of developing and commercializing products is exceptionally high.AI as a Force for Human Augmentation: The episode explores AI's role as an augmentative force rather than a replacement for human intelligence. Swati notes that AI is best understood as a tool that allows humans to multiply their cognitive abilities—processing vast amounts of information, identifying patterns, and making faster connections. This augmentation goes beyond software, extending into physical augmentation with devices like robots and smart tools that help humans accomplish physical tasks. While AI-driven tools like ChatGPT may lead to job displacement, Swati sees it as a natural progression, requiring humans to upskill and shift to higher-value tasks.The Promise and Risks of Climate and Environmental Technologies: Swati identifies climate change and global environmental degradation as existential challenges that even the most advanced deep tech may struggle to address. Technologies like atmospheric water generation, carbon capture, and agtech are making strides, but she notes that they are not yet sufficient to solve global challenges like water scarcity, food security, and air pollution. Drawing from her personal experience with air pollution in India, Swati argues that we need to better price and internalize the "cost of the commons"—the shared environmental resources that are often depleted for private gain. Without a clear economic incentive to prevent environmental harm, she warns that climate issues will continue to escalate.The Future of Space Tech and Human Exploration: Swati expresses optimism about the commercialization of space technology, noting its growing impact on daily life. Technologies like satellite internet (e.g., Starlink) are already improving connectivity in remote areas worldwide. The use of satellites for earth observation, weather tracking, and resource management is also becoming essential for sectors like agriculture and disaster response. Looking ahead, Swati is bullish on the potential for space colonization on the moon and Mars, although she acknowledges the immense technical and ethical challenges involved. While space tech once felt like science fiction, companies like SpaceX have made it tangible and real.

Perhaps no community has undergone more versions of imperialism than the tiny island nation of Nauru, which has morphed from being "Pleasant Island" to the mined-out home of offshore banks, discarded refugees, and deep sea mining interests. Jason, Rob, and Asher take a bad trip to wrap their heads around Nauru, the topic of "psychedelic imperialism," and imperialism's new frontier - the clean energy transition.Warning: This podcast occasionally uses spicy language.Sources/Links/Notes:"A Dark History of the World's Smallest Island Nation" tells the tale of Nauru.S.J. Gale, "Lies and misdemeanours: Nauru, phosphate and global geopolitics," The Extractive Industries and Society, vol 6, July 2019.FAQs of the Metals CompanyEric Lipton's New York Times article about imperialistic mining of the Pacific Ocean floor.Mining Watch Canada questions the claims of the Metals Company.Elham Shabahat's article in Hakai Magazine, "Why Nauru Is Pushing the World Toward Deep-Sea Mining" Definition of imperialism from the Cornell Law SchoolJ.A. Hobson's book Imperialism: A StudyJason Hickel et al., "Imperialist appropriation in the world economy: Drain from the global South through unequal exchange, 1990-2015," Global Environmental Change, vol 73, March 2022.Critique of lithium extraction in the Atacama DesertIndigenous people's response to lithium mining in NevadaHow the Sami people are protesting Sweden's "green transformation"Episode 3 of the Holding the Fire podcast, featuring Sami leader Aslak HolmbergCobus van Staden on "Green Energy's Dirty Secret: Its Hunger for African Resources"Jim Robbins in Yale Environment 360 on "How Returning Lands to Native Tribes Is Helping Protect Nature""Indigenous Land Return Announcement by Sogorea Te' Land Trust and Movement Generation!" -- article by Ines Ixierda"New Zealands's Maori fought for reparations -- and wonSupport the Show.

In this episode, Stefan speaks with Josephine Chambers. Josie is an Assistant Professor at Utrecht University in the Netherlands, situated within the Urban Futures Studio at the Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development. Her research develops and examines approaches to questioning so-called ‘inevitable' unjust futures and fostering collective imagination and agency towards more just and sustainable societies. She weaves together artistic, participatory, imaginative, decolonial concepts to collaboratively explore possibilities for transformative changes with diverse societal groups.    In the podcast, they speak about two papers Josie and colleagues published analyzing co-production research, one titled ‘Six modes of co-production for sustainability'' published in Nature Sustainability and the other titled ‘Co-productive agility and four collaborative pathways to sustainability transformations' published in Global Environmental Change. They also discuss the role of creativity in science, and how linking art, creativity and science has potential to extract pluralistic sustainability narratives for just futures. Josie also explains how she brings her knowledge and passion for co-production and creativity into the classroom to reshape learning and student engagement.   Six modes of co-production for sustainability https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-021-00755-x?utm_campaign=related_content&utm_source=HEALTH&utm_medium=communities   Co-productive agility and four collaborative pathways to sustainability transformations https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378021002016   Josie's ‘Urban Pulses' blog https://www.uu.nl/en/research/urban-futures-studio/initiatives/blog-utopian-pulses   Josie's ‘Map of Rural Utopias' https://www.uu.nl/en/research/urban-futures-studio/initiatives/techniques-of-futuring-a-mixed-classroom-with-policymakers/rural-utopias  

Today I speak with noted researcher and scholar Ben Franta about two new articles he has written that add to his growing archive of seminal work on climate change.  Ben tells us now the fossil fuel industry paid economists to join scientists in denying the true nature of the fossil fuel industry's destruction of the environment. Economists argued that even if some science were correct, implementing change would be too costly. This became a powerful tool to stall and kill climate change legislation.  Franta also talks about how communities have tried to sue fossil fuel companies for damages incurred by such misinformation and disinformation. In sum, we learn about what the industry has done, and how ordinary people and municipalities can fight back.Benjamin Franta is the founding head of the Climate Litigation Lab and a Senior Research Fellow at the University of Oxford Sustainable Law Programme. The Climate Litigation Lab is a multidisciplinary research initiative to inform, enable, and accelerate climate change litigation globally. Ben is also an Associate at the Institute for New Economic Thinking at the Oxford Martin School and an Associate Member of Nuffield College, Oxford.  Ben holds a JD from Stanford Law School and is a licensed attorney with the California State Bar, a PhD in History of Science from Stanford University, a separate PhD in Applied Physics from Harvard University, an MSc in Archaeological Science from the University of Oxford, and a BA in Physics and Mathematics from Coe College in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. He is also a former research fellow at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at the Harvard Kennedy School of Government.  He is the recipient of numerous academic and research fellowships including the Stanford Interdisciplinary Graduate Fellowship, the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship, the U.S. National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship, the USAID Research and Innovation Fellowship, the University of Oxford Clarendon Scholarship, and the Coe College Williston Jones Scholarship.  His research and writing have appeared in 10 languages, been featured in the Paramount+ documentary Black Gold, been cited in the U.S. Congressional Record, and been published in numerous scholarly and popular venues including Nature Climate Change, Global Environmental Change, The Guardian, Project Syndicate, and more. 

Are you interested in a paradigm shift for sustainability transformation? Our summary today works with the article titled Systems thinking as a paradigm shift for sustainability transformation from 2022 by N. Voulvoulis, T. Giakoumis, C. Hunt, V. Kioupi, N. Petrou, I. Souliotis, C. Vaghela, WIH binti Wan Rosely, published in the Global Environmental Change journal. This is a great preparation for our next interviewee, Tom Bosschaert in episode 186 talking about integrated sustainability and systems thinking approaches. Since we are investigating the future of cities, I thought it would be interesting to see how a holistic, integrated and interdisciplinary thinking can enable conditions for sustainability to emerge. This article advocates for a systemic approach to sustainability, emphasizing the need for comprehensive strategies that address interconnected environmental, social, and economic challenges. As the most important things, I would like to highlight 3 aspects: Systems thinking is essential for addressing the interconnected nature of global sustainability challenges, moving beyond traditional, isolated approaches. Effective implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals requires transformative strategies that recognize the interdependencies among these goals. A paradigm shift in policy, education, and societal behaviour is crucial for achieving true sustainability, focusing on holistic solutions rather than symptomatic treatments. Find the article through this link. Abstract: The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), adopted as reference and universal guidepost for transitioning to Sustainable Development by the United Nations in 2015 as part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, are intended to be used as a set of interconnected goals and global targets for ‘Transforming our world', as the 2030 Agenda is titled. This is a far more challenging task than business as usual; it requires systems thinking for understanding the conditions that generate and propagate sustainability challenges, moving away from the reductionist and anthropocentric thinking that created them in the first place. Taking a systems approach to addressing these challenges has been gaining currency with academics and policymakers alike, and here we make the case for holistic, integrated, and interdisciplinary thinking that challenges assumptions and worldviews, crucially based on public participation and engagement, to create the enabling conditions for sustainability to emerge. System transformations require interconnected changes to technologies, social practices, business models, regulations and societal norms, an intentional process designed to fundamentally alter the components and structures that cause the system to behave in its current unsustainable ways, a paradigm shift enabling the transition to sustainability. Connecting episodes you might be interested in: No.020R - Antifragile (book summary); No.092R - The city as an urban interaction design platform; No.190 - Interview with Adrian McGregor talking about cities as complex organic systems; No.228 - Interview with Dominique Hes about system thinking; You can find the transcript through ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠this link⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. What wast the most interesting part for you? What questions did arise for you? Let me know on Twitter ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@WTF4Cities⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ or on the ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠wtf4cities.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ website where the ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠shownotes⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠are also available. I hope this was an interesting episode for you and thanks for tuning in. Music by ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Lesfm ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠from ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Pixabay⁠

In this episode of the Speaking Out of Place podcast, Professor David Palumbo-Liu speaks with noted researcher and scholar Ben Franta about two new articles he has written that add to his growing archive of seminal work on climate change. Ben tells us now the fossil fuel industry paid economists to join scientists in denying the true nature of the fossil fuel industry's destruction of the environment. Economists argued that even if some science were correct, implementing change would be too costly. This became a powerful tool to stall and kill climate change legislation. Ben also talks about how communities have tried to sue fossil fuel companies for damages incurred by such misinformation and disinformation. In sum, we learn about what the industry has done, and how ordinary people and municipalities can fight back.Benjamin Franta is the founding head of the Climate Litigation Lab and a Senior Research Fellow at the University of Oxford Sustainable Law Programme. The Climate Litigation Lab is a multidisciplinary research initiative to inform, enable, and accelerate climate change litigation globally. Ben is also an Associate at the Institute for New Economic Thinking at the Oxford Martin School and an Associate Member of Nuffield College, Oxford, and a former research fellow at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at the Harvard Kennedy School of Government. He is the recipient of numerous academic and research fellowships including the Stanford Interdisciplinary Graduate Fellowship and the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. His research and writing have appeared in 10 languages, been featured in the Paramount+ documentary Black Gold, been cited in the U.S. Congressional Record, and been published in numerous scholarly and popular venues including Nature Climate Change, Global Environmental Change, The Guardian, Project Syndicate, and more. “For 40 years, the American Petroleum Institute has hired economists to argue it would be too expensive to try and control fossil fuels and that climate change wasn't that bad. The same go-to consultancy firm has been involved in every major climate policy fight from the very beginning and hired by the fossil fuel industry, but what are the courts going to do? It's not just the historical deception. It's an ongoing deception.”www.inet.ox.ac.uk/people/benjamin-franta www.smithschool.ox.ac.uk/oxford-sustainable-law-programme/research/climate-litigation-labwww.palumbo-liu.com https://speakingoutofplace.comhttps://twitter.com/palumboliu?s=20

In this episode of the Speaking Out of Place podcast, Professor David Palumbo-Liu speaks with noted researcher and scholar Ben Franta about two new articles he has written that add to his growing archive of seminal work on climate change. Ben tells us now the fossil fuel industry paid economists to join scientists in denying the true nature of the fossil fuel industry's destruction of the environment. Economists argued that even if some science were correct, implementing change would be too costly. This became a powerful tool to stall and kill climate change legislation. Ben also talks about how communities have tried to sue fossil fuel companies for damages incurred by such misinformation and disinformation. In sum, we learn about what the industry has done, and how ordinary people and municipalities can fight back.Benjamin Franta is the founding head of the Climate Litigation Lab and a Senior Research Fellow at the University of Oxford Sustainable Law Programme. The Climate Litigation Lab is a multidisciplinary research initiative to inform, enable, and accelerate climate change litigation globally. Ben is also an Associate at the Institute for New Economic Thinking at the Oxford Martin School and an Associate Member of Nuffield College, Oxford, and a former research fellow at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at the Harvard Kennedy School of Government. He is the recipient of numerous academic and research fellowships including the Stanford Interdisciplinary Graduate Fellowship and the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. His research and writing have appeared in 10 languages, been featured in the Paramount+ documentary Black Gold, been cited in the U.S. Congressional Record, and been published in numerous scholarly and popular venues including Nature Climate Change, Global Environmental Change, The Guardian, Project Syndicate, and more. “For 40 years, the American Petroleum Institute has hired economists to argue it would be too expensive to try and control fossil fuels and that climate change wasn't that bad. The same go-to consultancy firm has been involved in every major climate policy fight from the very beginning and hired by the fossil fuel industry, but what are the courts going to do? It's not just the historical deception. It's an ongoing deception.”www.inet.ox.ac.uk/people/benjamin-franta www.smithschool.ox.ac.uk/oxford-sustainable-law-programme/research/climate-litigation-labwww.palumbo-liu.com https://speakingoutofplace.comhttps://twitter.com/palumboliu?s=20

In this episode of the Speaking Out of Place podcast, Professor David Palumbo-Liu speaks with noted researcher and scholar Ben Franta about two new articles he has written that add to his growing archive of seminal work on climate change. Ben tells us now the fossil fuel industry paid economists to join scientists in denying the true nature of the fossil fuel industry's destruction of the environment. Economists argued that even if some science were correct, implementing change would be too costly. This became a powerful tool to stall and kill climate change legislation. Ben also talks about how communities have tried to sue fossil fuel companies for damages incurred by such misinformation and disinformation. In sum, we learn about what the industry has done, and how ordinary people and municipalities can fight back.Benjamin Franta is the founding head of the Climate Litigation Lab and a Senior Research Fellow at the University of Oxford Sustainable Law Programme. The Climate Litigation Lab is a multidisciplinary research initiative to inform, enable, and accelerate climate change litigation globally. Ben is also an Associate at the Institute for New Economic Thinking at the Oxford Martin School and an Associate Member of Nuffield College, Oxford, and a former research fellow at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at the Harvard Kennedy School of Government. He is the recipient of numerous academic and research fellowships including the Stanford Interdisciplinary Graduate Fellowship and the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. His research and writing have appeared in 10 languages, been featured in the Paramount+ documentary Black Gold, been cited in the U.S. Congressional Record, and been published in numerous scholarly and popular venues including Nature Climate Change, Global Environmental Change, The Guardian, Project Syndicate, and more. “For 40 years, the American Petroleum Institute has hired economists to argue it would be too expensive to try and control fossil fuels and that climate change wasn't that bad. The same go-to consultancy firm has been involved in every major climate policy fight from the very beginning and hired by the fossil fuel industry, but what are the courts going to do? It's not just the historical deception. It's an ongoing deception.”www.inet.ox.ac.uk/people/benjamin-franta www.smithschool.ox.ac.uk/oxford-sustainable-law-programme/research/climate-litigation-labwww.palumbo-liu.com https://speakingoutofplace.comhttps://twitter.com/palumboliu?s=20

In this episode of the Speaking Out of Place podcast, Professor David Palumbo-Liu speaks with noted researcher and scholar Ben Franta about two new articles he has written that add to his growing archive of seminal work on climate change. Ben tells us now the fossil fuel industry paid economists to join scientists in denying the true nature of the fossil fuel industry's destruction of the environment. Economists argued that even if some science were correct, implementing change would be too costly. This became a powerful tool to stall and kill climate change legislation. Ben also talks about how communities have tried to sue fossil fuel companies for damages incurred by such misinformation and disinformation. In sum, we learn about what the industry has done, and how ordinary people and municipalities can fight back.Benjamin Franta is the founding head of the Climate Litigation Lab and a Senior Research Fellow at the University of Oxford Sustainable Law Programme. The Climate Litigation Lab is a multidisciplinary research initiative to inform, enable, and accelerate climate change litigation globally. Ben is also an Associate at the Institute for New Economic Thinking at the Oxford Martin School and an Associate Member of Nuffield College, Oxford, and a former research fellow at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at the Harvard Kennedy School of Government. He is the recipient of numerous academic and research fellowships including the Stanford Interdisciplinary Graduate Fellowship and the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. His research and writing have appeared in 10 languages, been featured in the Paramount+ documentary Black Gold, been cited in the U.S. Congressional Record, and been published in numerous scholarly and popular venues including Nature Climate Change, Global Environmental Change, The Guardian, Project Syndicate, and more. “For 40 years, the American Petroleum Institute has hired economists to argue it would be too expensive to try and control fossil fuels and that climate change wasn't that bad. The same go-to consultancy firm has been involved in every major climate policy fight from the very beginning and hired by the fossil fuel industry, but what are the courts going to do? It's not just the historical deception. It's an ongoing deception.”www.inet.ox.ac.uk/people/benjamin-franta www.smithschool.ox.ac.uk/oxford-sustainable-law-programme/research/climate-litigation-labwww.palumbo-liu.com https://speakingoutofplace.comhttps://twitter.com/palumboliu?s=20

In this episode of the Speaking Out of Place podcast, Professor David Palumbo-Liu speaks with noted researcher and scholar Ben Franta about two new articles he has written that add to his growing archive of seminal work on climate change. Ben tells us now the fossil fuel industry paid economists to join scientists in denying the true nature of the fossil fuel industry's destruction of the environment. Economists argued that even if some science were correct, implementing change would be too costly. This became a powerful tool to stall and kill climate change legislation. Ben also talks about how communities have tried to sue fossil fuel companies for damages incurred by such misinformation and disinformation. In sum, we learn about what the industry has done, and how ordinary people and municipalities can fight back.Benjamin Franta is the founding head of the Climate Litigation Lab and a Senior Research Fellow at the University of Oxford Sustainable Law Programme. The Climate Litigation Lab is a multidisciplinary research initiative to inform, enable, and accelerate climate change litigation globally. Ben is also an Associate at the Institute for New Economic Thinking at the Oxford Martin School and an Associate Member of Nuffield College, Oxford, and a former research fellow at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at the Harvard Kennedy School of Government. He is the recipient of numerous academic and research fellowships including the Stanford Interdisciplinary Graduate Fellowship and the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. His research and writing have appeared in 10 languages, been featured in the Paramount+ documentary Black Gold, been cited in the U.S. Congressional Record, and been published in numerous scholarly and popular venues including Nature Climate Change, Global Environmental Change, The Guardian, Project Syndicate, and more. “For 40 years, the American Petroleum Institute has hired economists to argue it would be too expensive to try and control fossil fuels and that climate change wasn't that bad. The same go-to consultancy firm has been involved in every major climate policy fight from the very beginning and hired by the fossil fuel industry, but what are the courts going to do? It's not just the historical deception. It's an ongoing deception.”www.inet.ox.ac.uk/people/benjamin-franta www.smithschool.ox.ac.uk/oxford-sustainable-law-programme/research/climate-litigation-labwww.palumbo-liu.com https://speakingoutofplace.comhttps://twitter.com/palumboliu?s=20

In this episode of the Speaking Out of Place podcast, Professor David Palumbo-Liu speaks with noted researcher and scholar Ben Franta about two new articles he has written that add to his growing archive of seminal work on climate change. Ben tells us now the fossil fuel industry paid economists to join scientists in denying the true nature of the fossil fuel industry's destruction of the environment. Economists argued that even if some science were correct, implementing change would be too costly. This became a powerful tool to stall and kill climate change legislation. Ben also talks about how communities have tried to sue fossil fuel companies for damages incurred by such misinformation and disinformation. In sum, we learn about what the industry has done, and how ordinary people and municipalities can fight back.Benjamin Franta is the founding head of the Climate Litigation Lab and a Senior Research Fellow at the University of Oxford Sustainable Law Programme. The Climate Litigation Lab is a multidisciplinary research initiative to inform, enable, and accelerate climate change litigation globally. Ben is also an Associate at the Institute for New Economic Thinking at the Oxford Martin School and an Associate Member of Nuffield College, Oxford, and a former research fellow at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at the Harvard Kennedy School of Government. He is the recipient of numerous academic and research fellowships including the Stanford Interdisciplinary Graduate Fellowship and the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. His research and writing have appeared in 10 languages, been featured in the Paramount+ documentary Black Gold, been cited in the U.S. Congressional Record, and been published in numerous scholarly and popular venues including Nature Climate Change, Global Environmental Change, The Guardian, Project Syndicate, and more. “For 40 years, the American Petroleum Institute has hired economists to argue it would be too expensive to try and control fossil fuels and that climate change wasn't that bad. The same go-to consultancy firm has been involved in every major climate policy fight from the very beginning and hired by the fossil fuel industry, but what are the courts going to do? It's not just the historical deception. It's an ongoing deception.”www.inet.ox.ac.uk/people/benjamin-franta www.smithschool.ox.ac.uk/oxford-sustainable-law-programme/research/climate-litigation-labwww.palumbo-liu.com https://speakingoutofplace.comhttps://twitter.com/palumboliu?s=20

Global warming too hot for you? Just go to the mall. Join Nebula (and get 40% off an annual subscription): https://go.nebula.tv/deniersplaybookBONUS EPISODES available on Patreon (https://www.patreon.com/deniersplaybook) SOCIALS & MORE (https://linktr.ee/deniersplaybook) CREDITS Hosts: Rollie Williams & Nicole Conlan Executive Producer: Ben Boult Audio Producer: Gregory Haddock Researcher: Canute HaroldsonArt: Jordan Doll Music: Tony DomenickSOURCESAtkin, E. (2023, August 28). How Vivek Ramaswamy makes money from climate denial. Heated.world. Bennet, G. (1970). Bristol Floods 1968. Controlled Survey of Effects on Health of Local Community Disaster. British Medical Journal, 3(5720), 454–458.Lomborg, B. (2007). Cool It. Vintage.Lomborg, B. (2012). The skeptical environmentalist : measuring the real state of the world. Cambridge Univ. Press.Burakoff, M. (2022a, April 1). Climate Connections: Warmer winters bring challenges for Wisconsin forests. Spectrumnews1.com. Burakoff, M. (2022b, May 12). Flood risks from climate change challenge Wisconsin infrastructure. Spectrumnews1.com. Christensen, J. (2019, March 2). Is it climate change or global warming? How science and a secret memo shaped the answer. CNN. Christenson, M., Thelen, M., Vogt, C., & Meiman, J. (2020). EXTREME COLD IN WISCONSIN: TRENDS, SURVEILLANCE, AND PREVENTION COLD-RELATED ILLNESS TRENDS IN WISCONSIN Climate Change and Winter Weather. [PDF] Cohen, J. (2023, July 19). Excessive Heat Can Kill, But Extreme Cold Still Causes Many More Fatalities. Forbes. DeSmog. (n.d.). Bjørn Lomborg. DeSmog. Dixon, P. G., Brommer, D. M., Hedquist, B. C., Kalkstein, A. J., Goodrich, G. B., Walter, J. C., Dickerson, C. C., Penny, S. J., & Cerveny, R. S. (2005). Heat Mortality Versus Cold Mortality: A Study of Conflicting Databases in the United States. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 86(7), 937–944. Parker, S. G. (2022, April 13). Living with Climate Change: The Polar Vortex | Briefing | EESI. Www.eesi.org.Emory University. (2021, July 8). Global study: 5 million deaths a year linked to temperature changes | Emory University | Atlanta GA. News.emory.edu. Fox News. (2022, August 30). Tucker Carlson Says Global Warming Is Not A Threat But Winter Is. Yahoo Sports; Fox News. Friel, H. (2010). The Lomborg Deception. Yale University Press.Gittings, J. (2023, July 31). Tree-defoliating moth having a banner year in Wisconsin. Wisconsin State Journal. Kamin, D. (2023, March 10). Out-of-Towners Head to “Climate-Proof Duluth.” The New York Times. Lake, B. (2019, January 1). Year in Review: 2018 Flooding. WXOW. Masuda, Y. J., Castro, B., Aggraeni, I., Wolff, N. H., Ebi, K., Garg, T., Game, E. T., Krenz, J., & Spector, J. (2019). How are healthy, working populations affected by increasing temperatures in the tropics? Implications for climate change adaptation policies. Global Environmental Change, 56, 29–40. Media Matters Staff. (2021, July 6). Dennis Prager: “The great killer is cold, not heat. ... Global warming has actually been saving lives.” Media Matters for America. MSNBC. (2023, September 10). Vivek Ramaswamy on MSNBC with Andrea Mitchell 8.29.23. Www.youtube.com. NOAA NATIONAL CENTERS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION. (2023, August 9). U.S. climate summary for July 2023 | NOAA Climate.gov. Www.climate.gov. Ohl, C. A., & Tapsell, S. (2000). Flooding and human health. BMJ : British Medical Journal, 321(7270), 1167–1168.Robinson, P., & Lomborg, B. (2022, September 22). The Heat Is On: Bjorn Lomborg On The Summer's Record Heat. Hoover Institution. Senate Budget Committee. (2023, April 26). “There Are 49 Other States”: Witness Fires Back At Johnson For Saying Climate Change Is Good For WI. Www.youtube.com. Svitek, P. (2022, January 2). Texas puts final estimate of winter storm death toll at 246. The Texas Tribune. Twitter, H. S. L. columnist T. (2023, February 16). Will global warming make temperature less deadly? Washington Post. US Department of Commerce, N. (n.d.). Weather Related Fatality and Injury Statistics. Www.weather.gov. Retrieved 2023CORRECTIONSThis episode refers to the Hoover Institution as the Hoover Institute, which is pretty close if you ask us, but that's not actually its name. See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

True Mental Health Is Feeling Appropriately Anxious At The State Of Our Planet: Reflections On How The Coming Pandemic Of Climate Anxiety Is True Sanity Join us in this enlightening discussion with environmental philosopher Rupert Read as he unpacks the complexities surrounding climate change, the future of our planet, and the anxiety that stems from it. Reflecting on the interconnectedness of true mental health and appropriate concern for our environment, Rupert argues that the impending 'climate anxiety pandemic' is a sign of true sanity. Explore the need for societal adaptation, the role of activism, and ways to build local resilience. Prepare to be challenged and inspired. Disclaimer:Medical and Health information changes constantly. Therefore, the information provided in this podcast should not be considered current, complete, or exhaustive. Reliance on any information provided in this podcast is solely at your own risk. The Real Truth About Health does not recommend or endorse any specific tests, products, procedures, or opinions referenced in the following podcasts, nor does it exercise any authority or editorial control over that material. The Real Truth About Health provides a forum for discussion of public health issues. The views and opinions of our panelists do not necessarily reflect those of The Real Truth About Health and are provided by those panelists in their individual capacities. The Real Truth About Health has not reviewed or evaluated those statements or claims. 

On the last Energy Gang we looked at the impact of record temperatures on the energy sector. This week, we discuss another impact of climate change: its effect on human psychology. We discuss how the way we talk about global warming affects how we respond to it.A recent study in the journal Global Environmental Change argued that scientists and media organizations need to rethink the way they talk about climate change. The study's authors called on the media to emphasise potential solutions to rising temperatures, rather than focusing solely on the dire consequences. This shift towards solutions-oriented thinking could help prevent a pervasive sense of fatalism: the idea that humans can do nothing useful to mitigate climate change. Doomerism, as it is sometimes known, seems to be creeping more and more into the conversation. Is it an inevitable consequence of the way we talk about climate change? One point that researchers have found is that using the term “climate emergency” reduced the perceived credibility of news reports, and the likelihood that people would take action, compared to using “climate change.” News about climate impacts leads to increased fear and decreased hope, relative to the impact of news about climate action. Are the media inadvertently encouraging people to believe that our civilization is fated to end in disaster, and we are all going to burn if we live long enough, so we might as well just live for the moment and enjoy the ride any way we can?To discuss the impact of climate doomerism on our mental health, and more, host Ed Crooks is joined by Dr Melissa Lott, Director of the Centre on Global Energy Policy at Columbia University. Melissa argues that the evidence shows there are in fact workable solutions to climate change, and that “everything we do to try to reduce emissions to any degree, already protects health.” So doomerism is not based on reality.Also on this episode is Amy Harder, who is the Executive Editor of Cipher, a news outlet supported by Breakthrough Energy, the climate investing and policy organization backed by Bill Gates. She has some new polling data on public attitudes to climate change, published by Pew Research.Looking for solutions led us to one answer to emissions that has made the news in recent weeks: carbon utilization. Amy's outlet Cipher recently published a story looking at the debate in the US over tax breaks for carbon capture, and what happens to the carbon dioxide after it is captured. Amy explores with Ed and Melissa what this means for energy and the potential for carbon utilization as a whole.As always, please subscribe so you don't miss an episode.You can find the report from Pew Research on US attitudes to climate change here: https://www.pewresearch.org/science/2023/08/09/why-some-americans-do-not-see-urgency-on-climate-change/See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Depuis le début de ce podcast, nous vous avons parlé de luttes, d'écologie, de féminisme, du vivant, de voitures, d'exil, de laïcité, de genre, de politique… et même de bêtes sauvages. Mais nous n'avons jamais vraiment abordé ce qui tient notre système ensemble, ce grand “machin” ou ce grand “tout” qu'est le capitalisme. Et pour cause… on n'est pas vraiment hyper fort·es en économie. Pourtant, nous sentons bien qu'à chaque fois que nous parlons de luttes, nous sommes confronté·es à ce système qui organise notre société. Est-il possible de le dépasser ? Afin d'y voir plus clair, nous sommes allé·es tendre nos micros à Pierre-Louis Choquet. Sociologue, spécialiste des entreprises transnationales, il a notamment contribué à la fameuse étude « Early warnings and emerging accountability: Total's responses to global warming, 1971-2021 » pour la revue Global Environmental Change. Dans cette étude, Pierre-Louis et ses coauteurs démontrent que Total était conscient depuis plusieurs décennies de l'impact de ses activités sur le réchauffement climatique et n'a rien fait, si ce n'est fabriquer du doute. À partir du cas Total, nous essayons de comprendre le système dans lequel nous évoluons, comment il façonne le monde et si nous pouvons le transformer, notamment à partir des ressources que l'Église et le christianisme nous proposent. Pour ne rien rater de notre actualité, suivez-nous sur les réseaux sociaux :

Meet Tom Friedman, the mustachioed metaphor maven who thinks we can have our cake and listen to it too. Please share this episode with your friends and start a conversation.Warning: This podcast occasionally uses spicy language.For an entertaining deep dive into the theme of season five (Phalse Prophets), read the definitive peer-reviewed taxonomic analysis from our very own Jason Bradford, PhD. Sources/Links/Notes:Thomas Friedman, "Foreign Affairs Big Mac I," The New York Times, December 8, 1996.Matt Taibbi's critique of Hot, Flat, and Crowded -- "Flathead" Strauss Media, November 21, 2014.Jason Hickel et al., "Imperialist appropriation in the world economy: Drain from the global South through unequal exchange, 1990–2015," Global Environmental Change, March 2022.Thomas Friedman, "The Earth Is Full," The New York Times, June 7, 2011.Thomas Friedman, "Something's Happening Here," The New York Times, October 11, 2011.Thomas Friedman, "Want to Save the Earth? We Need a Lot More Elon Musks.," The New York Times, November 16, 2021.Thomas Friedman, "How We Broke the World," The New York Times, May 30, 2020.Belen Fernandez, The Imperial Messenger: Thomas Friedman at Work, November 1, 2011.Here's the archive of Global Citizen columns by Donella Meadows.Ian Parker, "The Bright Side: The relentless optimism of Thomas Friedman," The New Yorker, November 2, 2008.Thomas Friedman, The Lexus and the Olive Tree, 1999.Thomas Friedman The World Is Flat, YouTube video of Yale University Lecture, 2009.Garrett Graff, "Thomas Friedman is On Top of the World," Washingtonian Magazine, July 1, 2006.  Support the show

Juliet is joined by friends and fellow researchers Jesse Rodenbiker and Tyler Harlan to discuss their recent experiences at the COP15 of the Conference on Biological Diversity, China's growing environmental leadership, and China's domestic environmental policies and their impact on BRI initiatives and overseas engagements. Jesse starts off the conversation with some background on China's approach to environmental governance - based on his articles "Making Ecology Developmental: China's Environmental Sciences and Green Modernization in Global Context,"  "Green silk roads, partner state development, and environmental governance," and his upcoming book "Ecological States: Politics of Science and Nature in Urbanizing China." Jesse Rodenbiker is an Associate Research Scholar at Princeton University with the Center on Contemporary China and an Assistant Teaching Professor of Geography at Rutgers University. He is also currently a fellow of the American Council of Learned Societies, and a China Fellow at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. He is a human-environment geographer and interdisciplinary social scientist focusing on environmental governance, urbanization, and social inequality in China and globally.Tyler Harlan is an Assistant Professor of Urban and Environmental Studies at Loyola Marymount University. His research focuses on the political economy and uneven socio-environmental impacts of China's green development transformation and the implications of this transformation for other industrializing countries. Juliet Lu is an Assistant Professor at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver in the Department of Forest Resources Management and the School of Public Policy & Global Affairs.  Recommendations:Jesse:Maoism: A Global History by Julia LovellRosewood by Annah Lake Zhu Tyler:Certifying China by Yixian SunChina and the global politics of nature-based solutions in Environmental Science & Policy  (2022) by Jeffrey Qi (former BRI Pod episode!) and Peter DauvergneChina's rising influence on climate governance: Forging a path for the global South in Global Environmental Change (2022) by Jeffrey Qi and Peter DauvergneJuliet:Check out the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) (where Jeffrey Qi incidentally works ;) for interesting analysis on the Convention on Biological Diversity and China. 

In this episode, Divya Gupta speaks with Dr. Daniel Miller. Dan is an Associate Professor in the School of Global Affairs at the University of Notre Dame and has been extensively working on the socio-economic, ecological, and political dimensions of forests in tropical countries.  In this conversation, they focus on Dan's projects on conservation legacy and his other project looking at the role of forests as pathways out of poverty. Later in the episode, they also discuss Dan's new role as the coordinator of FLARE, which stands for Forest and Livelihoods Assessment, Research, and Engagement.  For his project on conservation legacies, the projects that Dan started as a graduate student in the west Africa region at W National Park, a park that spreads across the countries of Benin, Niger and Burkina Faso, Dan focussed on how protected area governance interfaces with international aid. Interaction on this topic was a great way to explore the critical question of what conservation funding really does for people and protected areas in tropical countries. Dan shares that international aid has disproportionate impacts on people; while it provides new sources of income to some with the creation of jobs in the areas like park management, monitoring, and tourism, these opportunities only extend to some in the community. In fact, with the implementation of conversation projects, and many lose access to the forest, thereby creating more challenges for them.  Dan suggests that this happens because the aid has a tendency of what he refers to as— ‘missing the middle'. When implemented, he says that the aid programs often tend to partner with the national government, national park agencies, and forest departments, but rarely or never with the local governments. He says this is a problem because these local governments have a bigger impact on people's lives. As Dan continues to extend his work on conservation legacies in other countries like Bhutan, Peru, and Madagascar, he is finding that while external intervention in the form of aid in conservation in low-income countries is important, it works best when it is inculcated in the local governance structures and can bring clear benefits to people.   In the discussion on Dan's parallel project on forest-poverty relationships, where he is working with a large team of scholars looking at the impacts that forests can have on poverty alleviation in low-income countries. Dan shares that the greater vision that he has for this project is to highlight how forests can serve as pathways to prosperity. He suggests that changing the framing of forests for prosperity is important because in the larger policy discourse benefits of the forests is mostly linked to carbon sequestration when the reality is that forests provide critical socio-economic benefits to especially people in low-income countries. Dan emphasizes that it is important to mainstream these benefits.  In the end, they discuss Dan's new role as a coordinator of FLARE. He talks about how the FLARE community has been catalytic for him in establishing networks and collaboration for meaningful research. He shares that as a coordinator, he aims to retain the great sense of community that FLARE already has and grow the community by opening to new partners like practitioners, donors, activists, and local community members.  References:  Miller, D.C., Mansourian, S., Gabay, M., Hajjar, R., Jagger, P., Kamoto, J.F., Newton, P., Oldekop, J.A., Razafindratsima, O.H., Shyamsundar, P. and Sunderland, T., 2021. Forests, trees and poverty alleviation: Policy implications of current knowledge. Forest Policy and Economics 131: 102566. Miller, D.C. Rana, P., Nakamura, K., Irwin, S., Cheng, S.H., Ahlroth, S. and Perge, E. 2021. A global review of the impact of forest property rights interventions on poverty. Global Environmental Change 66: 102218. Miller, D.C., R. Hajjar. 2020. “Forests as Pathways to Prosperity: Empirical Insights and Conceptual Advances.” World Development 125: 104647. Miller, D.C. 2014. “Explaining Global Patterns of Aid for Linked Biodiversity Conservation and Development.” World Development 59: 341-359. Miller, D.C., A. Agrawal, and J.T. Roberts. 2013. “Biodiversity, Governance, and the Allocation of International Aid for Conservation.” Conservation Letters 6(1): 12-22. Agrawal, A., Chhatre, A., & Gerber, E. R. (2015). Motivational crowding in sustainable development interventions. American Political Science Review, 109(3), 470-487. Oldekop, J. A., Holmes, G., Harris, W. E., & Evans, K. L. (2016). A global assessment of the social and conservation outcomes of protected areas. Conservation Biology, 30(1), 133-141. Persha, L., Agrawal, A., & Chhatre, A. (2011). Social and ecological synergy: local rulemaking, forest livelihoods, and biodiversity conservation. science, 331(6024), 1606-1608.  

As alterações climáticas vão criar condições para que algumas zonas do planeta tenham mais arco-iris. Estudo publicado no Global Environmental Change

Today we will talk about Earth - the key elements of nature that support all life.  Tucked away in an obscure corner of the milky way, this blue planet is home to us all and the only known planet that supports organic life. Throughout its course of evolution, the planet has undergone radical transformations – from a hot fiery ball of fire to a frigid snowball earth that remained frozen for 300 million years.  As the earth warmed, life flourished on the planet in exuberant profusion. After maintaining a relatively stable atmosphere for the last 11,000 years, global temperatures are beginning to rise again. Many believe that this runaway global warming is to due to human activity, which has increased the atmospheric levels of greenhouse gases.  Few people know more about how this climate change is affecting or will continue to affect the health of the planet and its inhabitants, or that there is deep bond between human health and the health of the planet than our guest today – Dr. Jennifer Cole. Dr. Cole is a biological anthropologist interested in how humans influence and adapt to changing environments.  She is a lecturer in Global and Planetary Health at Royal Holloway University of London.  From 2017-2019, she was Public Health Policy Advisor to the Rockefeller Foundation Economic Council on Planetary Health at Oxford University and co-authored the influential book – Planetary Health: Human Health in the Era of Global Environmental Change. 

Chad M. Baum discusses his expert elicitation work on space mirrors. (Reading list / glossary below paper link) Paper: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews Volume 158, April 2022, 112179 Between the sun and us: Expert perceptions on the innovation, policy, and deep uncertainties of space-based solar geoengineering Authors: Chad M.Baum, Sean Low; Benjamin K.Sovacool. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2022.112179. Acronyms CDR Carbon Dioxide Removal GEO Geosynchronous Orbit GENIE (project) GeoEngineering and Negative Emissions Pathways in Europe IPSS Inter Planetary Sun Shade ISS International Space Station LEO Low-Earth Orbit NETs Negative Emissions Technologies RSER (journal) Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews (since I messed it up initially) SAI Stratospheric Aerosol Injection SEL Sun-Earth Lagrange point SRM Solar Radiation Management Other peer-reviewed articles from the GENIE project: Low, S., Baum, C.M., & Sovacool, B.K. (2022). Rethinking Net-Zero systems, spaces, and societies: “Hard” versus “soft” alternatives for nature-based and engineered carbon removal. Global Environmental Change, 75, 102530. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2022.102530 Low, S., Baum, C. M., & Sovacool, B. K. (2022). Taking it outside: Exploring social opposition to 21 early-stage experiments in radical climate interventions. Energy Research & Social Science, 90, 102594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2022.102594 Sovacool, B.K., Baum, C.M., & Low, S. (2022). Risk-risk governance in a low-carbon future: Exploring institutional, technological, and behavioral tradeoffs in climate geoengineering pathways. Risk Analysis. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.13932 Solar sails: Matloff, G., Bangs, C., & Johnson, L. (2014). Harvesting Space for a Greener Earth. Springer: Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9426-3 Roy, K I. (2001). “Solar Sails: An Answer to Global Warming?” presented at STAIF 2001 Albuquerque, NM, February 11-14. Available at: http://www.ultimax.com/whitepapers/2001_3a.html. On some of the more interesting proposals, these are relevant: Kennedy, R. G., Roy, K. I., & Fields, D. E. (2013). Dyson Dots: Changing the solar constant to a variable with photovoltaic lightsails. Acta Astronautica, 82(2), 225–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2012.10.022 Angel, R. (2006). Feasibility of cooling the Earth with a cloud of small spacecraft near the inner Lagrange point (L1), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 103, 17184-9. IRS and Airbus (2020). International Planetary Sun Shield (IPSS) - Gigasails in Space. IPSS High-level Concept. The Institute of Space Systems (IRS) and Airbus Defence & Space: Bremen, Germany And concerning modelling studies, here are the two I specified: Lunt, D. J., Ridgwell, A., Valdes, P. J., & Seale, A. (2008). “Sunshade World”: A fully coupled GCM evaluation of the climatic impacts of geoengineering. Geophysical Research Letters, 35(12), L12710. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL033674 Sánchez, J.-P., & McInnes, C.R. (2015). Optimal Sunshade Configurations for Space-Based Geoengineering near the Sun-Earth L1 Point, PLoS One, 10(8), e0136648. Various SciFi ones: https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781250264930/sweepofstars https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/13651.The_Dispossessed (and what failed me in the moment, was The Hainish Cycle, as the name for the whole series) https://www.kimstanleyrobinson.info/content/mars-trilogy https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/414999.Childhood_s_End

Summary of the article titled A place-based model for understanding community resilience to natural disasters from 2008 by Susan Cutter, Lindsey Barnes, Melissa Berry, Christopher Burton, Elijah Evans, Eric Tate, and Jennifer Webb, published in the Global Environmental Change journal. Since we are investigating the future of cities, I thought it would be interesting to see a framework for disaster resilience of place model. This article investigates and proposes a comparative assessment for disaster resilience at the local or community level with a set of variables for easier implementation. You can find the article through this link. Abstract: There is considerable research interest on the meaning and measurement of resilience from a variety of research perspectives including those from the hazards/disasters and global change communities. The identification of standards and metrics for measuring disaster resilience is one of the challenges faced by local, state, and federal agencies, especially in the United States. This paper provides a new framework, the disaster resilience of place (DROP) model, designed to improve comparative assessments of disaster resilience at the local or community level. A candidate set of variables for implementing the model are also presented as a first step towards its implementation. You can find the transcript through this link. What wast the most interesting part for you? What questions did arise for you? Let me know on twitter @WTF4Cities! I hope this was an interesting episode for you and thanks for tuning in. Music by Lesfm from Pixabay

Literature CitedKaimowitz, D., Mertens, B., Wunder, S., & Pacheco, P. (n.d.). Cattle ranching and deforestation in Brazil's Amazon. 10.Rajão, R., & Georgiadou, Y. (2014). Blame Games in the Amazon: Environmental Crises and the Emergence of a Transparency Regime in Brazil. Global Environmental Politics, 14(4), 97–115. https://doi.org/10.1162/GLEP_a_00259Rajão, R., Soares-Filho, B., Nunes, F., Börner, J., Machado, L., Assis, D., Oliveira, A., Pinto, L., Ribeiro, V., Rausch, L., Gibbs, H., & Figueira, D. (2020). The rotten apples of Brazil's agribusiness. Science, 369(6501), 246–248. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aba6646Rajão, R., & Vurdubakis, T. (2013). On the Pragmatics of Inscription: Detecting Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. Theory, Culture & Society, 30(4), 151–177. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276413486203Shukla, J., Nobre, C., & Sellers, P. (1990). Amazon Deforestation and Climate Change. Science, 247(4948), 1322–1325. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.247.4948.1322Silva Junior, C. H. L., Pessôa, A. C. M., Carvalho, N. S., Reis, J. B. C., Anderson, L. O., & Aragão, L. E. O. C. (2021). The Brazilian Amazon deforestation rate in 2020 is the greatest of the decade. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 5(2), 144–145. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-020-01368-xSkidmore, M. E., Moffette, F., Rausch, L., Christie, M., Munger, J., & Gibbs, H. K. (2021). Cattle ranchers and deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon: Production, location, and policies. Global Environmental Change, 68, 102280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102280Soares-Filho, B., Rajão, R., Macedo, M., Carneiro, A., Costa, W., Coe, M., Rodrigues, H., & Alencar, A. (2014). Cracking Brazil's Forest Code. Science, 344(6182), 363–364. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1246663Walker, N. F., Patel, S. A., & Kalif, K. A. B. (2013). From Amazon Pasture to the High Street: Deforestation and the Brazilian Cattle Product Supply Chain. Tropical Conservation Science, 6(3), 446–467. https://doi.org/10.1177/194008291300600309Walker, R., Moran, E., & Anselin, L. (2000). Deforestation and Cattle Ranching in the Brazilian Amazon: External Capital and Household Processes. World Development, 28(4), 683–699. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(99)00149-7

In this episode, Sujani sits down with Bhargav Krishna to discuss his experiences pursuing higher education all around the world. Bhargav gives tips on choosing between programs, considerations that need to be made when choosing programs, and shares his experience with Harvard's Doctor of Public Health (DrPH) program. You'll LearnWhy Bhargav decided to pursue a DrPH and how he decided on a DrPH over a PhD What made Bhargav choose to pursue Harvard's DrPH program Tips on choosing the right DrPH programA brief summary of what you might expect from Harvard's DrPH program Bhargav's biggest learnings from the DrPH program and how he has changed as a professional sinceHow Bhargav is using skills from the DrPH in his current workThe diverse career paths that other graduates from the program are onAdvice for anyone considering pursuing a DrPH Today's GuestBhargav Krishna is a Fellow at the Centre for Policy Research. His research interests span areas of health policy, environmental policy, and environmental epidemiology, with a focus on the impact of air quality and climate change on health. Previously, Bhargav set up and managed the Centre for Environmental Health at the Public Health Foundation of India (PHFI), where he led work on air quality, climate, and health. In this capacity, he served on Union and State government expert committees on air pollution, biomedical waste, and critically polluted areas. He has also carried out work on health systems and sustainable development across several states. Bhargav holds a Doctorate in Public Health (DrPH) from the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, a Master's degree in Global Environmental Change from Kings College London and an undergraduate degree from Anna University, Chennai. He is Adjunct Faculty at PHFI and Visiting Faculty at Azim Premji University where he teaches environmental health and health policy respectively. He is also co-founder of Care for Air, a Delhi-based non-profit working to raise awareness of air pollution among school children.ResourcesBhargav Krishna's LinkedIn Learn more about Harvard's DrPH programAn alumni spotlight article on BhargavOther PH SPOT resources:Share ideas for the podcast: Fill out this formNever heard of a podcast before? Read this guide we put together to help you get set up.Be notified when new episodes come out, and receive hand-picked public health opportunities every week by joining the PH SPOT community.Contribute to the public health career blog: www.phspot.ca/contributeUpcoming course on infographics: phspot.ca/infographicsLearn more about the PH Spot 6-week training programSupport the show (http://www.phspot.ca/signup)

CitationsBoulay, A.-M., Bare, J., Benini, L., Berger, M., Lathuillière, M. J., Manzardo, A., Margni, M., Motoshita, M., Núñez, M., Pastor, A. V., Ridoutt, B., Oki, T., Worbe, S., & Pfister, S. (2018). The WULCA consensus characterization model for water scarcity footprints: Assessing impacts of water consumption based on available water remaining (AWARE). The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 23(2), 368–378. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-017-1333-8Boulay, A.-M., Drastig, K., Amanullah, Chapagain, A., Charlon, V., Civit, B., DeCamillis, C., De Souza, M., Hess, T., Hoekstra, A. Y., Ibidhi, R., Lathuillière, M. J., Manzardo, A., McAllister, T., Morales, R. A., Motoshita, M., Palhares, J. C. P., Pirlo, G., Ridoutt, B., … Pfister, S. (2021). Building consensus on water use assessment of livestock production systems and supply chains: Outcome and recommendations from the FAO LEAP Partnership. Ecological Indicators, 124, 107391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107391Broom, D. M. (2019). Land and Water Usage in Beef Production Systems. Animals, 9(6), 286. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9060286Cabernard, L., & Pfister, S. (2021). A highly resolved MRIO database for analyzing environmental footprints and Green Economy Progress. Science of The Total Environment, 755, 142587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142587Chenoweth, J., Hadjikakou, M., & Zoumides, C. (2014). Quantifying the human impact on water resources: A critical review of the water footprint concept. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 18(6), 2325–2342. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2325-2014Gerbens-Leenes, P. W., Mekonnen, M. M., & Hoekstra, A. Y. (2013). The water footprint of poultry, pork and beef: A comparative study in different countries and production systems. Water Resources and Industry, 1–2, 25–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wri.2013.03.001Legesse, G., Cordeiro, M. R. C., Ominski, K. H., Beauchemin, K. A., Kroebel, R., McGeough, E. J., Pogue, S., & McAllister, T. A. (2018). Water use intensity of Canadian beef production in 1981 as compared to 2011. Science of The Total Environment, 619–620, 1030–1039. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.194Lutter, S., Pfister, S., Giljum, S., Wieland, H., & Mutel, C. (2016). Spatially explicit assessment of water embodied in European trade: A product-level multi-regional input-output analysis. Global Environmental Change, 38, 171–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.03.001Maré, F. A., Jordaan, H., & Mekonnen, M. M. (2020). The Water Footprint of Primary Cow–Calf Production: A Revised Bottom-Up Approach Applied on Different Breeds of Beef Cattle. Water, 12(9), 2325. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12092325Ridoutt, B. G., & Pfister, S. (2010). A revised approach to water footprinting to make transparent the impacts of consumption and production on global freshwater scarcity. Global Environmental Change, 20(1), 113–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2009.08.003Ridoutt, B. G., Sanguansri, P., Freer, M., & Harper, G. S. (2012). Water footprint of livestock: Comparison of six geographically defined beef production systems. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 17(2), 165–175. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-011-0346-yRodrigues Junior, U. J., & Dziedzic, M. (2021). The water footprint of beef cattle in the amazon region, Brazil. Ciência Rural, 51(8), 20190294. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20190294

这一期我们邀请到了伦敦大学学院（UCL）的博士生杨璞博士，来和我们一起讨论国际气候变化谈判里“蛋糕怎么分”的问题。什么是公平的减排分配方案？自上而下的分配方案为什么一直难产？各个国家有可能从“自私自利”的角度完成减排，达到1.5度和2度的目标吗。经济学的思维在气候变化的国际谈判里怎么提现？杨璞，现为英国伦敦大学学院在读博士，导师为米志付博士。研究方向为气候变化经济学、气候政策和综合评估模型。目前的研究主要是通过综合评估模型核算社会碳成本并进行国家减排目标的评估。在One Earth, Global Environmental Change, Journal of Cleaner Production, Journal of Environmental Management, Renewable Energy等期刊上发表多篇论文。嘉宾邮箱：p.yang.18@ucl.ac.uk3:14 碳预算分配谈判的一路艰辛6:23 各国自下而上提出的减排目标，无法达到科学家警告的温度目标10:13 什么是公平的“分蛋糕”的方法？12:07 三个标准：历史累积排放、人口、GDP18:47 抛开统一标准：各国从自己的利益出发25:40 中国提出的减排量超过了自身利益的“最佳值”，而印度提出的减排量则少于自身利益的“最佳值”36:18 经济学里的“纳什均衡”和国旗气候变化谈判的现实一致么45:46 超越“成本效益”的分析框架注：21:50 William Nordhause于2018年获诺贝尔奖，最初的模型是于1996年提出的碳笑风生关注全球和中国的能源转型、气候变化和可持续发展问题，特别是中国实现碳达峰、碳中和的科学、技术、政策、政治、经济、社会和文化问题。大家可以在小宇宙播客、喜马拉雅、QQ音乐、Podcast等平台收听我们，我们同步更新的微信公众号“环境科学与政策”会有更多的专业讨论。大家也可以通过留言或在微信公众号“环境科学与政策”联系我们。 开场、转场、结尾音乐来自The Podcast Host and Alitu: The Podcast Maker app.

Global environmental change is one of the strongest factors driving interest in sustainable investing. In this podcast, Dr. Sarah Cornell of Stockholm Resilience Centre and Gabriel Micheli, CFA, senior investment manager at Pictet Asset Management, discuss thematic and sustainable investing during a time of accelerating climate change. Listen to this episode to hear expert insight on how sustainable investing works in practice and how to incorporate it into portfolios.

« La colère risque de faire tache d'huile, s'exclame Libération. Le groupe pétrolier français Total avait connaissance des conséquences néfastes de ses activités pour le climat dès 1971 mais il a entretenu le doute à la fin des années 80 et cherché ensuite à contrecarrer les efforts pour limiter le recours à ces énergies fossiles. » C'est ce qui ressort d'un article scientifique paru hier dans la revue Global Environmental Change. « Une surprise ? », s'interroge Libération. « Pas tant que cela. 'Je ne vois pas pourquoi l'industrie pétrolière française aurait été plus vertueuse que les compagnies américaines, anglaises ou néerlandaises déjà épinglées pour tromperie et manipulation', lance le climatologue Christophe Cassou, auteur principal du sixième rapport d'évaluation du Groupe d'experts intergouvernemental sur l'évolution du climat (GIEC), dont le premier volet a été publié en août. Pour le scientifique, interrogé par Libération, l'urgence, désormais, est de 'baisser de manière immédiate, forte, soutenue et à grande échelle les émissions mondiales de GES'. Or aujourd'hui, les émissions liées aux énergies fossiles 'ne baissent pas et les prévisions pour les dix prochaines années suggèrent même une augmentation', remarque-t-il. Et de faire référence à la publication, hier, du Production Gap Report 2021, selon lequel dans les dix années à venir, l'humanité va extraire deux fois trop de pétrole, de gaz et de charbon par rapport aux quantités limites pour maintenir la hausse du réchauffement climatique sous les 1,5°C. » Négationnisme climatique « Les révélations d'hier sur les (non)agissements de Total ne sont pas une surprise, renchérit La Charente Libre. D'autres pollueurs mondiaux avaient déjà été pris la main dans le sac à négationnisme climatique. » Alors attention, prévient le quotidien charentais, « à force de mettre la tête dans le sable, on finit par s'étouffer. Avec un cynisme majeur : ce ne sont pas les autruches qui ne respirent plus mais leurs clients, accusés en prime de trop consommer ce qui leur a été imposé. Et à qui on demande de changer leurs habitudes ou d'en payer le prix fort. » En fait, relèvent Les Dernières Nouvelles d'Alsace, c'est là toute la stratégie des multinationales : « elles ont le même réflexe face au déni : la diversion puis l'obstruction. Elles ont dépensé des millions de dollars en influence et en études scientifiques pour démontrer que la cigarette, le sucre ou le glyphosate ne sont pas nocifs pour la santé. Le lobby agricole lutte aujourd'hui contre les exigences environnementales de la future Politique agricole commune. Hier, c'est le groupe Lactalis qui obtenait l'annulation de l'étiquetage obligatoire de l'origine géographique du lait. Demain, les géants de l'agroalimentaire attaqueront le Nutri-score et les applications qui traquent la malbouffe. La guerre contre la transparence se fait désormais au grand jour. » Le Covid n'a pas dit son dernier mot… À la Une encore et toujours : le Covid, attention au relâchement… « Vers une nouvelle vague ? », s'interroge La Dépêche en première page. « Alors que l'épidémie bat à nouveau des records de mortalité en Ukraine ou en Russie, que la Lettonie reconfine et la Grande-Bretagne fait face à un nouveau variant, les cas de Covid repartent à la hausse en France ces derniers jours. » Pour autant, « l'institut Pasteur affiche un 'optimisme prudent', note La Dépêche. Si les mesures et comportements actuels sont maintenus, il ne s'attend pas à une 'reprise importante de l'épidémie', même lorsqu'on prend en compte le refroidissement des températures. » Célébrer Brassens Enfin, « 100 ans, nom d'une pipe ! », s'exclame Le Midi Libre en première page. On célèbre demain, 22 octobre, le centenaire de la naissance de Georges Brassens. Le quotidien a donc pris un peu d'avance. Et pour cause, note le journal, Sète, sa ville natale, célèbre le chanteur moustachu depuis juin, et ce jusqu'en décembre. Point d'orgue cette semaine. Avec notamment le spectacle Brassens a 100 ans, du comédien François Morel qui vient aussi de sortir un disque Brassens dans le texte : « avec Brassens, c'est une vieille histoire, explique-t-il. Ça doit faire une cinquantaine d'années que je l'écoute. Il ne parlait jamais par généralités. Il ne disait jamais des choses définitives. Il regardait les gens avec attention, et c'est ce qui me touche en lui. Sans parler du fait que c'est un humoriste formidable. C'est un compagnon de route pour… toute une vie, en somme ! »

Nevada celebrated its fifth annual public lands day over the weekend with events and free park admission, all designed to get more people outdoors. However, a new report in the journal Global Environmental Change estimates that as the planet warms up due to climate change, demand for outdoor recreation on public lands could go down.

In this episode, Michael chatted with Eduardo Brondizio, a professor of anthropology at Indiana University in Bloomington, Indiana. Eduardo spoke to Michael about his research on land use and land cover change in the Brazilian amazon over several decades, as well as his work as the editor-in-chief of two major academic journals: Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability and Global Environmental Change. They also talked about Eduardo's identity as an interdisciplinary anthropologist. Eduardo's website: https://anthropology.indiana.edu/about/faculty/brondizio-eduardo.html

CitationBeauchemin, K. A., Ungerfeld, E. M., Eckard, R. J., & Wang, M. (2020). Review: Fifty years of research on rumen methanogenesis: lessons learned and future challenges for mitigation. Animal, 14, s2–s16. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731119003100Eshel, G., & Martin, P. A. (2006). Diet, Energy, and Global Warming. Earth Interactions, 10(9), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1175/EI167.1Eshel, G., Shepon, A., Makov, T., & Milo, R. (2014). Land, irrigation water, greenhouse gas, and reactive nitrogen burdens of meat, eggs, and dairy production in the United States. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(33), 11996–12001. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1402183111Harwatt, H., Sabaté, J., Eshel, G., Soret, S., & Ripple, W. (2017). Substituting beans for beef as a contribution toward US climate change targets. Climatic Change, 143(1–2), 261–270. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-017-1969-1Kim, B. F., Santo, R. E., Scatterday, A. P., Fry, J. P., Synk, C. M., Cebron, S. R., Mekonnen, M. M., Hoekstra, A. Y., de Pee, S., Bloem, M. W., Neff, R. A., & Nachman, K. E. (2020). Country-specific dietary shifts to mitigate climate and water crises. Global Environmental Change, 62, 101926. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2019.05.010Poore, J., & Nemecek, T. (2018). Reducing food's environmental impacts through producers and consumers. Science, 360(6392), 987–992. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaq0216Rapier, R. (n.d.). Estimating The Carbon Footprint Of Hydrogen Production. 6.Rapier, R. (n.d.). Hydrogen Production With A Low Carbon Footprint. 5.Roque, B. M., Venegas, M., Kinley, R. D., de Nys, R., Duarte, T. L., Yang, X., & Kebreab, E. (2021). Red seaweed (Asparagopsis taxiformis) supplementation reduces enteric methane by over 80 percent in beef steers. PLOS ONE, 16(3), e0247820. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247820Teague, W. R., Apfelbaum, S., Lal, R., Kreuter, U. P., Rowntree, J., Davies, C. A., Conser, R., Rasmussen, M., Hatfield, J., Wang, T., Wang, F., & Byck, P. (2016). The role of ruminants in reducing agriculture's carbon footprint in North America. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 71(2), 156–164. https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.71.2.156Valente, A., Iribarren, D., & Dufour, J. (2020). Prospective carbon footprint comparison of hydrogen options. Science of The Total Environment, 728, 138212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138212

Welcome to Wildlife Conservation Insights Podcast. This is Episode 1. Today I chatted with Dr. Markus Hofmeyr, a wildlife veterinarian who has extensive expertise working with African carnivores, herbivores and megavertebrates. He is currently Chief Conservation Officer for the Great Plains Conservation Foundation & Rhinos without Borders since 2017. He shares his vision about Conservation, One Health and the challenges to save charismatic megavertebrates such as rhinoceroses. He talks about the need for an integrated view to tackle rhinoceroses' Conservation as well as the need to change the way we behave, from an individual level…  Hope you enjoy the travel. Connect with Us! Website | https://estellevet.com Go to Podcast > episode #1 to know more about Dr. Markus Hofmeyr work as well as rhino conservation challenges. Instagram | https://www.instagram.com/estelle_vet

本期是我们的一次加更。本周第七次人口普查的结果出炉，借着这个机会，我们来简单聊一下人口与环境这个既哲学又现实的热门话题，从马尔萨斯的人口论到中国碳中和远景目标和人口的关系，我们希望我们的讨论能够抛砖引玉，与大家一同思考这个重要的问题。之后我们也希望通过加更的形式用半小时左右的音频讨论一些相关热点问题和时事新闻。【本期内容】01:20 我们对七普结果的第一印象 第一部分：环境与人口：哲学思辨和社会发展04:23 马尔萨斯：控制人口增长，不然后果很严重07:35 罗马俱乐部：人口再长下去，2030年世界就会崩溃14:30 保罗·埃利奇(Paul Ehrlich)：人口爆炸，中印未来怎么办？11:25 农业绿色革命拯救了人类？第二部分：碳中和和人口的未来13:50 七普数据出炉，碳中和有什么人口挑战？16:15 城镇化、人口迁移：对碳中和是好是坏？19:12 1%的中国富人=18%的收入=30%的财富=~5%的碳排放 第三部分：应对气候变化，人口迁徙和适应20:12 气候变化面前，人类「逐温度而居」24:05 宁夏35万生态移民，未来生态移民会越来越多吗？ 29:00 社会是一个系统，每个人都会被影响最后讨论30:00 人口与碳中和：中国能否乘风破浪？ 参考文献：Samir, K. C., & Lutz, W. (2017). The human core of the shared socioeconomic pathways: Population scenarios by age, sex and level of education for all countries to 2100. Global Environmental Change, 42, 181-192.Chen, Y., Guo, F., Wang, J., Cai, W., Wang, C., & Wang, K. (2020). Provincial and gridded population projection for China under shared socioeconomic pathways from 2010 to 2100. Scientific data, 7(1), 1-13.Yu, B., Wei, Y. M., Kei, G., & Matsuoka, Y. (2018). Future scenarios for energy consumption and carbon emissions due to demographic transitions in Chinese households. Nature Energy, 3(2), 109-118.Shi, G., Lu, X., Deng, Y., Urpelainen, J., Liu, L. C., Zhang, Z., ... & Wang, H. (2020). Air pollutant emissions induced by population migration in China. Environmental science & technology, 54(10), 6308-6318.Shen, H., Tao, S., Chen, Y., Ciais, P., Güneralp, B., Ru, M., ... & Zhao, S. (2017). Urbanization-induced population migration has reduced ambient PM2. 5 concentrations in China. Science advances, 3(7), e1700300.Qi, W., & Li, G. (2020). Residential carbon emission embedded in China's inter-provincial population migration. Energy policy, 136, 111065.Wiedenhofer, D., Guan, D., Liu, Z., Meng, J., Zhang, N., & Wei, Y. M. (2017). Unequal household carbon footprints in China. Nature Climate Change, 7(1), 75-80.Zheng, X., Lu, Y., Yuan, J., Baninla, Y., Zhang, S., Stenseth, N. C., ... & Chen, D. (2020). Drivers of change in China's energy-related CO2 emissions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(1), 29-36.Xu, C., Kohler, T. A., Lenton, T. M., Svenning, J. C., & Scheffer, M. (2020). Future of the human climate niche. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(21), 11350-11355.https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/01/us/the-unrealized-horrors-of-population-explosion.htmlhttps://mahb.stanford.edu/library-item/a-brief-history-of-ipat-impact-population-x-affluence-x-technology/ Holden, C. (1972). Ehrlich versus Commoner: an environmental fallout. Science, 177(4045), 245-247.https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/01/us/the-unrealized-horrors-of-population-explosion.html 宁夏“十二五”中南部生态移民整村搬迁工程启动,http://www.gov.cn/jrzg/2011-08/20/content_1929154.htm澎湃网,气候移民, https://h5.thepaper.cn/html/zt/qhym/index.html#qihouyiminWhitman, S., Good, G., Donoghue, E. R., Benbow, N., Shou, W., & Mou, S. (1997). Mortality in Chicago attributed to the July 1995 heat wave. American Journal of public health, 87(9), 1515-1518.碳笑风生关注全球和中国的能源转型、气候变化和可持续发展问题，特别是中国实现碳达峰、碳中和的科学、技术、政策、政治、经济、社会和文化问题。大家可以在小宇宙播客、喜马拉雅、QQ音乐、Podcast等平台收听我们，我们同步更新的微信公众号“环境科学与政策”会有更多的专业讨论。大家也可以通过留言或在微信公众号“环境科学与政策”联系我们。开场、转场、结尾音乐来自The Podcast Host and Alitu: The Podcast Maker app.

本期是我们的一次加更。本周第七次人口普查的结果出炉，借着这个机会，我们来简单聊一下人口与环境这个既哲学又现实的热门话题，从马尔萨斯的人口论到中国碳中和远景目标和人口的关系，我们希望我们的讨论能够抛砖引玉，与大家一同思考这个重要的问题。之后我们也希望通过加更的形式用半小时左右的音频讨论一些相关热点问题和时事新闻。【本期内容】01:20 我们对七普结果的第一印象 第一部分：环境与人口：哲学思辨和社会发展04:23 马尔萨斯：控制人口增长，不然后果很严重07:35 罗马俱乐部：人口再长下去，2030年世界就会崩溃14:30 保罗·埃利奇(Paul Ehrlich)：人口爆炸，中印未来怎么办？11:25 农业绿色革命拯救了人类？第二部分：碳中和和人口的未来13:50 七普数据出炉，碳中和有什么人口挑战？16:15 城镇化、人口迁移：对碳中和是好是坏？19:12 1%的中国富人=18%的收入=30%的财富=~5%的碳排放 第三部分：应对气候变化，人口迁徙和适应20:12 气候变化面前，人类「逐温度而居」24:05 宁夏35万生态移民，未来生态移民会越来越多吗？ 29:00 社会是一个系统，每个人都会被影响最后讨论30:00 人口与碳中和：中国能否乘风破浪？ 参考文献：Samir, K. C., & Lutz, W. (2017). The human core of the shared socioeconomic pathways: Population scenarios by age, sex and level of education for all countries to 2100. Global Environmental Change, 42, 181-192.Chen, Y., Guo, F., Wang, J., Cai, W., Wang, C., & Wang, K. (2020). Provincial and gridded population projection for China under shared socioeconomic pathways from 2010 to 2100. Scientific data, 7(1), 1-13.Yu, B., Wei, Y. M., Kei, G., & Matsuoka, Y. (2018). Future scenarios for energy consumption and carbon emissions due to demographic transitions in Chinese households. Nature Energy, 3(2), 109-118.Shi, G., Lu, X., Deng, Y., Urpelainen, J., Liu, L. C., Zhang, Z., ... & Wang, H. (2020). Air pollutant emissions induced by population migration in China. Environmental science & technology, 54(10), 6308-6318.Shen, H., Tao, S., Chen, Y., Ciais, P., Güneralp, B., Ru, M., ... & Zhao, S. (2017). Urbanization-induced population migration has reduced ambient PM2. 5 concentrations in China. Science advances, 3(7), e1700300.Qi, W., & Li, G. (2020). Residential carbon emission embedded in China's inter-provincial population migration. Energy policy, 136, 111065.Wiedenhofer, D., Guan, D., Liu, Z., Meng, J., Zhang, N., & Wei, Y. M. (2017). Unequal household carbon footprints in China. Nature Climate Change, 7(1), 75-80.Zheng, X., Lu, Y., Yuan, J., Baninla, Y., Zhang, S., Stenseth, N. C., ... & Chen, D. (2020). Drivers of change in China's energy-related CO2 emissions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(1), 29-36.Xu, C., Kohler, T. A., Lenton, T. M., Svenning, J. C., & Scheffer, M. (2020). Future of the human climate niche. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(21), 11350-11355.https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/01/us/the-unrealized-horrors-of-population-explosion.htmlhttps://mahb.stanford.edu/library-item/a-brief-history-of-ipat-impact-population-x-affluence-x-technology/ Holden, C. (1972). Ehrlich versus Commoner: an environmental fallout. Science, 177(4045), 245-247.https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/01/us/the-unrealized-horrors-of-population-explosion.html 宁夏“十二五”中南部生态移民整村搬迁工程启动,http://www.gov.cn/jrzg/2011-08/20/content_1929154.htm澎湃网,气候移民, https://h5.thepaper.cn/html/zt/qhym/index.html#qihouyiminWhitman, S., Good, G., Donoghue, E. R., Benbow, N., Shou, W., & Mou, S. (1997). Mortality in Chicago attributed to the July 1995 heat wave. American Journal of public health, 87(9), 1515-1518.碳笑风生关注全球和中国的能源转型、气候变化和可持续发展问题，特别是中国实现碳达峰、碳中和的科学、技术、政策、政治、经济、社会和文化问题。大家可以在小宇宙播客、喜马拉雅、QQ音乐、Podcast等平台收听我们，我们同步更新的微信公众号“环境科学与政策”会有更多的专业讨论。大家也可以通过留言或在微信公众号“环境科学与政策”联系我们。开场、转场、结尾音乐来自The Podcast Host and Alitu: The Podcast Maker app.

本期是我们的一次加更。本周第七次人口普查的结果出炉，借着这个机会，我们来简单聊一下人口与环境这个既哲学又现实的热门话题，从马尔萨斯的人口论到中国碳中和远景目标和人口的关系，我们希望我们的讨论能够抛砖引玉，与大家一同思考这个重要的问题。之后我们也希望通过加更的形式用半小时左右的音频讨论一些相关热点问题和时事新闻。【本期内容】01:20 我们对七普结果的第一印象 第一部分：环境与人口：哲学思辨和社会发展04:23 马尔萨斯：控制人口增长，不然后果很严重07:35 罗马俱乐部：人口再长下去，2030年世界就会崩溃14:30 保罗·埃利奇(Paul Ehrlich)：人口爆炸，中印未来怎么办？11:25 农业绿色革命拯救了人类？第二部分：碳中和和人口的未来13:50 七普数据出炉，碳中和有什么人口挑战？16:15 城镇化、人口迁移：对碳中和是好是坏？19:12 1%的中国富人=18%的收入=30%的财富=~5%的碳排放 第三部分：应对气候变化，人口迁徙和适应20:12 气候变化面前，人类「逐温度而居」24:05 宁夏35万生态移民，未来生态移民会越来越多吗？ 29:00 社会是一个系统，每个人都会被影响最后讨论30:00 人口与碳中和：中国能否乘风破浪？ 参考文献：Samir, K. C., & Lutz, W. (2017). The human core of the shared socioeconomic pathways: Population scenarios by age, sex and level of education for all countries to 2100. Global Environmental Change, 42, 181-192.Chen, Y., Guo, F., Wang, J., Cai, W., Wang, C., & Wang, K. (2020). Provincial and gridded population projection for China under shared socioeconomic pathways from 2010 to 2100. Scientific data, 7(1), 1-13.Yu, B., Wei, Y. M., Kei, G., & Matsuoka, Y. (2018). Future scenarios for energy consumption and carbon emissions due to demographic transitions in Chinese households. Nature Energy, 3(2), 109-118.Shi, G., Lu, X., Deng, Y., Urpelainen, J., Liu, L. C., Zhang, Z., ... & Wang, H. (2020). Air pollutant emissions induced by population migration in China. Environmental science & technology, 54(10), 6308-6318.Shen, H., Tao, S., Chen, Y., Ciais, P., Güneralp, B., Ru, M., ... & Zhao, S. (2017). Urbanization-induced population migration has reduced ambient PM2. 5 concentrations in China. Science advances, 3(7), e1700300.Qi, W., & Li, G. (2020). Residential carbon emission embedded in China's inter-provincial population migration. Energy policy, 136, 111065.Wiedenhofer, D., Guan, D., Liu, Z., Meng, J., Zhang, N., & Wei, Y. M. (2017). Unequal household carbon footprints in China. Nature Climate Change, 7(1), 75-80.Zheng, X., Lu, Y., Yuan, J., Baninla, Y., Zhang, S., Stenseth, N. C., ... & Chen, D. (2020). Drivers of change in China's energy-related CO2 emissions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(1), 29-36.Xu, C., Kohler, T. A., Lenton, T. M., Svenning, J. C., & Scheffer, M. (2020). Future of the human climate niche. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(21), 11350-11355.https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/01/us/the-unrealized-horrors-of-population-explosion.htmlhttps://mahb.stanford.edu/library-item/a-brief-history-of-ipat-impact-population-x-affluence-x-technology/ Holden, C. (1972). Ehrlich versus Commoner: an environmental fallout. Science, 177(4045), 245-247.https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/01/us/the-unrealized-horrors-of-population-explosion.html 宁夏“十二五”中南部生态移民整村搬迁工程启动,http://www.gov.cn/jrzg/2011-08/20/content_1929154.htm澎湃网,气候移民, https://h5.thepaper.cn/html/zt/qhym/index.html#qihouyiminWhitman, S., Good, G., Donoghue, E. R., Benbow, N., Shou, W., & Mou, S. (1997). Mortality in Chicago attributed to the July 1995 heat wave. American Journal of public health, 87(9), 1515-1518.碳笑风生关注全球和中国的能源转型、气候变化和可持续发展问题，特别是中国实现碳达峰、碳中和的科学、技术、政策、政治、经济、社会和文化问题。大家可以在小宇宙播客、喜马拉雅、QQ音乐、Podcast等平台收听我们，我们同步更新的微信公众号“环境科学与政策”会有更多的专业讨论。大家也可以通过留言或在微信公众号“环境科学与政策”联系我们。开场、转场、结尾音乐来自The Podcast Host and Alitu: The Podcast Maker app.

Ryan discusses the early morning resignation of the United Conservative Party caucus chair, Todd Loewen. The MLA for the Central Peace Notley region says he has no intention of leaving the party but wants to see Kenney step down as the party's leader.  A panel on the impact of food production on animals, land, water and consumers, with Animal Advocate Jessica Scott-Reid, Sangudo Custom Meats' Jeff Senger, and the Canada Research Chair in Global Environmental Change and Food Security at the University of British Columbia, Navin Ramankutty.   Exploring the morality of hunting with the author of Value, Morality, and Wilderness, Dr. Joshua Duclos, hunting restaurateur Darren Cheverie and hunting enthusiast Eireann Rochefort. 22:22 - Ethics of food panel 1:21:14 - Ethics of hunting panel

This week on Sustainability Now!, your host, Justin Mog, brings you the University of Louisville’s 2021 Grawemeyer Award Lecture on Global Environmental Governance, which was held virtually on April 13th. Ken Conca is the 2021 Grawemeyer Award winner for Ideas Improving World Order, and he spoke on his award winning ideas set forth in his book "An Unfinished Foundation: The United Nations and Global Environmental Governance." Learn more at http://grawemeyer.org/world-order/ The UN must rethink its approach to environmental problems. The United Nations can tackle global environmental challenges far more effectively by incorporating two overlooked parts of its mandate—human rights and peace—into its efforts. So says Ken Conca, an American University international relations professor. The U.N. has addressed environmental issues using legal and sustainable development approaches but also needs to pursue strategies linked to its role as a protector of human rights and peace. The organization should declare a safe and healthy environment to be a basic human right, give its Security Council a well-defined role in safeguarding the environment, make sure its environmental initiatives are conflict-sensitive and seek environmental peace-building opportunities. Conca is a member of the U.N. Environment Programme’s Expert Advisory Group on Conflict and Peace-building and founded the Environmental Peace-building Working Group in Washington. He was a reviewer for the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and served on a scientific steering committee for the International Human Dimensions Program on Global Environmental Change. He has twice won the International Studies Association’s award for best international environmental affairs book. As always, our feature is followed by your community action calendar for the week, so get your calendars out and get ready to take action for sustainability NOW! Sustainability Now! airs on Forward Radio, 106.5fm, WFMP-LP Louisville, every Monday at 6pm and repeats Tuesdays at 12am and 10am. Find us at http://forwardradio.org The music in this podcast is courtesy of the local band Appalatin and is used by permission. Explore their delightful music at http://appalatin.com

Links1. "Beyond static spatial management: Scientific and legal considerations for dynamic management in the high seas," by Guillermo Ortuño Crespo et al, Marine Policy, Vol. 122, December 2020.2. "An ocean of surprises - Trends in human use, unexpected dynamics and governance and challenges in areas beyond national jurisdiction," by Andrew Merrie et al, Global Environmental Change, Vol 27, July 2014.

The Science Is In. The world needs radical, inclusive, constructive change if it is to win the climate challenge, the species extinction crisis, the refugee challenge, and so much more. How do we build the bridge out of today's mounting environmental crises and prevent all of the things they incur? Chris and Jared come at the solution from different, but complimentary directions. Jared, a psychotherapist and Zen Buddhist priest in California and Chris, a globally-strategic conservation advocate in Texas, share their thoughts on how rescuing our shared future requires all of us to do both inner (Jared's focus) and outer (Chris' focus) work. "I've seen how much of the problem is mental and emotional. It's not just about the ecosystem." -- Jared"Seizing the biodiversity solution most beneficially effects the majority of challenges today and prevents environmental collapse." -- Chris*Listen to "The Interconnectedness interview" referred to in this conversation: here.Visual synopses1) Infinity symbol, Jared's main idea, "Activism" left loop: "Inner" spiritual, psychological right loop: "Outer" right actions 2) Planet Earth, Chris' main idea, "Biosphere""Rescue & regrow the bio-physical life support system"CitationsKey studies supporting Chris' "brass tacks" vision:  Global Priority Areas for Ecosystem Restoration. (Strassburg, et al. Nature, 2020) Connecting Habitats to Prevent Species Extinctions. (Pimm, Jenkins. American Scientist, 2019) A Global Deal for Nature. (Dinerstein, et al. Science, 2019) Primary Production of the Biosphere. (Field, Behrenfeld, Randerson, Falkowski. Science, 1998) How to protect half of Earth to be sure it protects sufficient biodiversity. (Pimm, Jenkins, Li, 2018) Trees, Forests and Water: Cool Insights for a Hot World. (Ellison, et al. Global Environmental Change, 2017) The Systemic Climate Solution. (Searles, 2016) Study #1 shows where the greatest productivity gains can be made from restoration on lands. Study #2 explains the need to prioritize corridorization. Study #3 is the UN's current focus, "30x30." The map in #4, "Fig. 1, Global Annual NPP", published 1998, shows global biospheric productivity; i.e. that tropical forests and lands are the most productive ecosystems on Earth, followed by temperate rainforests.  Note that ocean productivity is concentrated along coastlines, around the Equator and in high northern and southern regions (mostly). Compare the map from study #4 with the map in #5, "Fig. 1, Protected areas (green)," to get a sense of how well Earth's most productive ecosystems are protected today. Study #6 gives the best synopsis of the significance of land-based, physical life-support system's most powerful infrastructure, forests, to the global climate system. Forests offer the most concentrated suite of climate stabilization services. Study #7 is Chris's synopsis on the value of tropical forests to the global climate and biodiversity solutions. WebsitesLearn more about Jared's work: jaredmichaels.comLearn more about Chris's work: biointegrity.netMusicThanks so much to the beautiful and wonderful, Alice Spencer, Chris' wife, for her song, "I Wanna Be a Buddhist," heard as our theme at the beginning and end of this episode. Enjoy Alice's full performance of the song here. 

In this episode we talk about Indigenous environmental justice with Dr. Kyle Whyte (University of Michigan, and citizen of the Potawatomi Nation). Dr. Whyte explains how indigenous knowledge, identity, and kinship networks can reshape contemporary ecological politics.

In the coming decades, the scale of climate migration could be dizzying. In one projection, four million people in the United States could find themselves “living at the fringe,” outside ideal conditions for human life. In collaboration with By Degrees, NHPR’s climate change reporting initiative, we’re devoting the entire episode to answering one question: if you’re worried about climate, where should you live? And how should places prepare for the wave of climate migrants just around the corner? Featuring Bess Samuel, Jesse Jaime, Aurelia Jaime Ramirez, Kate McCarthy, Elena Mihaly, Jola Ajibade, Nadege Green, Suzi Patterson, Alex Whittemore, and Mike Hass. Sign up for the Outside/In newsletter for our biweekly reading lists and episode extras. Support Outside/In by making a donation in our year end fund drive Links “Locals Bristle As Out-of-Towners Fleeing Virus Hunker Down In New Hampshire Homes” by Annie Ropeik for New Hampshire Public Radio Nadege Green’s reporting on climate gentrification in season 3 of There Goes the Neighborhood, a collaboration between WNYC and WLRN. “Why climate migration is not managed retreat: Six justifications” (2020), coauthored by Idowu (Jola) Ajibade and published in Global Environmental Change. ProPublica’s Climate Migration project The EPA’s Climate Resiliency Screening Index (2017). Scroll to page 79 for their list of the top 150 most resilient counties in the United States.

The historical development of the modern, capitalist world economy systematically bound colonisers and colonised into unequal relationships of extraction, colonisation and dispossession over the past 500 years and more. Material realities are central to understanding what we mean by ‘colonisation' - of materials, life and labour. Colonialism occupied land and turned people and nature into human and natural resources for a singular aim – the accumulation of capital. Historical processes of extraction, dispossession, replacement and extinction drove colonisation and ecological imperialism as structural imperatives of modern capitalism. Land-grabbing, wars and slavery connect with the extensive spread of commercial monocultures as economic structures displacing and threatening much of the world's human biological and cultural life with extinction. Law and conservation have colluded in these colonising processes – ‘emptying' lands and displacing or dispossessing indigenous nature and people, in order that material resources can continue to be extracted, monetised and mobilised for the accumulation of capital.       Readings Acuna-Soto et al (2002) Megadrought and Megadeath in 16th Century Mexico Emerging Infectious Disease 8(4): 360–362. Clark, Brett; Foster, John B (2009) Ecological Imperialism and the Global Metabolic Rift Unequal Exchange and the Guano/Nitrates Trade, International Journal of Comparative Sociology Vol 50(3–4): 311–334. Fields, S (2008 ) Pestilence and headcolds: encountering illness in colonial Mexico. Guha, R et al (2012)Deeper Roots of Historical Injustice: Trends and Challenges in the Forests of India, Rights and Resources Initiative. Hickel, J (2020) Quantifying national responsibility for climate breakdown: an equality-based attribution approach for carbon dioxide emissions in excess of the planetary boundary Lancet Planetary Health 2020; 4: e399–404. For a 10-tweet summary. Kampmann, U (nd) The impact of silver from the New World. Moore, Jason (2007). Silver, Ecology, and the Origins of the Modern World, 1450-1640. In Rethinking Environmental History: World System History and Global Environmental Change, J.R. McNeill, Joan Martinez-Alier, and Alf Hornborg, eds. Berkeley: AltaMira Press, pp 123-142. Moore Jason W. (2009) Madeira, Sugar, and the Conquest of Nature in the "First" Sixteenth Century: Part I: From "Island of Timber" to Sugar Revolution, 1420–1506 Review (Fernand Braudel Center) Vol. 32, No. 4 (2009), 345-390. Pateman, C (2007) The settler contract, in Pateman C and Mills, C., Contract and Domination, pp 35-78 . Pringle, Heather (2010)Sugar Masters in the New World Smithsonian Magazine 12 January 2010. Short, Damien (2016) Redefining Genocide: Settler Colonialism, Social Death and Ecocide. Zed Press. Resources Materialism, Global Social Theory. Settler Colonialism, Global Social Theory Vandana Shiva, Global Social Theory Patrick Wolfe , Global Social Theory Questions for discussion Examine the problem of colonialism (or neo-colonialism) from the perspective of the ‘development' of a selected natural resource. To what extent might it be said that the histories of empire and colonialism depend on the displacement and dispossession of indigenous communities and the erasure of their prior access to the environment? Explore and discuss the ‘colonial' origins of environmental resource use in the world today, using one specific example er: land, forest, mineral ore, fossil fuel, a particular a crop or type of livestock, or the ‘atmospheric commons' What environmental factors are relevant in accounting for historical processes of imperial and colonial extraction and accumulation?

Urban areas produce about 75% of greenhouse gas emissions from final energy use but occupy a small land area on Earth. How can cities be part of the climate solution? In this talk, Gund Institute Advisory Board Member Karen Seto draws on the IPCC 5th Assessment Report to discuss how urban areas can mitigate climate change as well as highlight key knowledge gaps. Karen Seto is the Frederick C. Hixon Professor of Geography and Urbanization Science at Yale University, School of the Environment. A geographer and urban scientist, she is an expert on contemporary urbanization, especially in Asia. Her research focus is how urbanization will affect the planet. She has pioneered methods to reconstruct urban land use with satellite imagery and has developed novel methods to forecast urban expansion. She is currently co-leading the urban mitigation chapter for the current IPCC 6th Assessment Report and co-lead the same chapter for the IPCC 5th Assessment Report, published in 2014. She is co-editor-in-chief of the journal, Global Environmental Change.

The NTNU Energy Transition Initiative is a research portfolio on the future energy mix, and energy systems transition with knowledge-based contributions to societal debate. The initiative aim to be trusted advisors to Norwegian and European decision makers. This episode is includes interviews with: Asgeir Tomasgard, Director of the NTNU Energy Transition Initiative Professor Dr. Detlef Van Vuren, senior researcher at PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency and a professor in Integrated Assessment of Global Environmental Change at the Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University. Dr. Brigitte Knopf, Secretary General of Mercator mercator research institute on global commons and climate change.The podcast episode is produced by Chul Christian Aamodt, CEO in enerWE.no.The episode includes content marketing from the Energy Transition Webinar. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

The NTNU Energy Transition Initiative is a research portfolio on the future energy mix, and energy systems transition with knowledge-based contributions to societal debate.The initiative aim to be trusted advisors to Norwegian and European decision makers.This episode is includes interviews with:Asgeir Tomasgard, Director of the NTNU Energy Transition InitiativeProfessor Dr. Detlef Van Vuren, senior researcher at PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency and a professor in Integrated Assessment of Global Environmental Change at the Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University.Dr. Brigitte Knopf, Secretary General of Mercator mercator research institute on global commons and climate change.The podcast episode is produced by Chul Christian Aamodt, CEO in enerWE.no.The episode includes content marketing from the Energy Transition Webinar. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

The NTNU Energy Transition Initiative is a research portfolio on the future energy mix, and energy systems transition with knowledge-based contributions to societal debate.The initiative aim to be trusted advisors to Norwegian and European decision makers.This episode is includes interviews with:Asgeir Tomasgard, Director of the NTNU Energy Transition InitiativeProfessor Dr. Detlef Van Vuren, senior researcher at PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency and a professor in Integrated Assessment of Global Environmental Change at the Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University.Dr. Brigitte Knopf, Secretary General of Mercator mercator research institute on global commons and climate change.The podcast episode is produced by Chul Christian Aamodt, CEO in enerWE.no.The episode includes content marketing from the Energy Transition Webinar. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

This insight clip is taken from episode 017 of the podcast with Harini Nagendra. Harini explains some of the challenges and bias of the science system between the global north and the global south. Harini Nagendra is a Professor of Sustainability at Azim Premji University. Her recent book "Nature in the City: Bengaluru in the Past, Present, and Future" (Oxford University Press India, 2016) examines the transformation of human-nature interactions in Bangalore from the 6th century CE to the present, addressing the implications of such change for the urban sustainability of fast-growing cities in the global South. The book was listed by the science journal Nature as one of the five best science picks of the week in its issue of July 28 2016. https://azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in/SitePages/harini-nagendra.aspx Prof. Nagendra is an ecologist who uses methods from the natural and social sciences - satellite remote sensing, biodiversity studies, archival research, GIS, institutional analysis, and community interviews, to examine the sustainability of forests and cities in the global South. She completed her PhD from the Centre for Ecological Sciences in the Indian Institute of Science in 1998. Since then, she has conducted research and taught at multiple institutions, and was most recently a Hubert H Humphrey Distinguished Visiting Professor at Macalester College, Saint Paul, Minnesota in 2013. She is a recipient of numerous awards for her research, including a 2017 Web of Science 2017 India Research Excellence Award as the most cited Indian researcher in the category of Interdisciplinary Research; a 2013 Elinor Ostrom Senior Scholar award for her research and practice on issues of the urban commons, and a 2009 Cozzarelli Prize from the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA (with Elinor Ostrom). Harini Nagendra has authored two books, and over 150 peer reviewed publications, including in Nature, Nature Sustainability and Science.  Harini’s two books: Nature in the City: Bengaluru in the Past, Present and Future https://www.amazon.com/Nature-City-Bengaluru-Present-Future/dp/0199465924   Cities and Canopies: Trees in Indian Cities https://www.amazon.com/Cities-Canopies-Trees-Indian/dp/0670091219/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=Cities+and+Canopies%3A+Trees+in+Indian+Cities&qid=1569093142&s=books&sr=1-1 She writes extensively on her research for the public via newspaper and magazine articles, science blogs, and has given a number of public talks for science communication. She also engages with international research on global environmental change, She is a Steering Committees member of the Future Earth Programme on Ecosystem Change and Society and a former Steering Committee Member of the Global Land Project, Diversitas and a Capacity Building Committee member of the Asia Pacific Network for Global Environmental Change. She has also been a Lead Author of the 5th IPCC Report - Working Group III. Harini’s Google Scholar page https://scholar.google.de/citations?user=GWyr-pgAAAAJ&hl=de&oi=ao   Link to her commentary piece in Nature 2018 https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-05210-0   Link to her recent article in Nature Sustainability https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-018-0101-5?platform=hootsuite   Finding Sustainability Podcast @find_sust_pod https://twitter.com/find_sust_pod Environmental Social Science Network https://essnetwork.net/ https://twitter.com/ESS_Network @ESS_Network

www.patreon.com/electricvehiclepodcast ☝Support this podcast & get all unlisted episodesMost of the research on early adopters focuses on two self-identities that correspond to purchasing electric vehicles:1) The environmentalist identity, and2) The so-called car-authority identityThe environmentalist identity describes people with a pro-environmental orientation as part of their lifestyle and part of their self-image. The car-authority identity describes people who are experts on cars. These types of early adopters, the ones that are mainly technology-driven, don’t really care about the environmental benefits of EVs. They mainly care about the technical attributes of the vehicles. I, personally, have encountered both types of identities by talking to EV owners. But from my personal impression, there seem to be more car-authority types than environmentalists amongst EV buyers. What do you think, what are your experiences? I would love to hear about your thoughts. Send an e-mail! Also, let me know if you have to add a type of identity to this list. I, for example, hope that soon the identity of being very responsible with money and expenditures will be the type of identity that is associated with electric vehicles. Contact InformationE-Mail: electric-vehicle-podcast@outlook.comWebsite: www.electric-vehicle-podcast.comTwitter: teresa_rhoferFacebook: ElectricVehiclePodcastReferences mentioned in the Episode[1]E. H. Noppers, K. Keizer, J. W. Bolderdijk, and L. Steg, “The adoption of sustainable innovations: Driven by symbolic and environmental motives,” Global Environmental Change, vol. 25, pp. 52–62, Mar. 2014.[2]E. Graham-Rowe et al., “Mainstream consumers driving plug-in battery-electric and plug-in hybrid electric cars: A qualitative analysis of responses and evaluations,” Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 140–153, Jan. 2012.[3]Z. Rezvani, J. Jansson, and J. Bodin, “Advances in consumer electric vehicle adoption research: A review and research agenda,” Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, vol. 34, pp. 122–136, Jan. 2015.More References[1]S. Bamberg and G. Möser, “Twenty years after Hines, Hungerford, and Tomera: A new meta-analysis of psycho-social determinants of pro-environmental behaviour,” Journal of Environmental Psychology, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 14–25, Mar. 2007.[2]G. Schuitema, J. Anable, S. Skippon, and N. Kinnear, “The role of instrumental, hedonic and symbolic attributes in the intention to adopt electric vehicles,” Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, vol. 48, pp. 39–49, Feb. 2013.[3]B. Lane and S. Potter, “The adoption of cleaner vehicles in the UK: exploring the consumer attitude–action gap,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 15, no. 11–12, pp. 1085–1092, Jan. 2007.[4]S. Skippon and M. Garwood, “Responses to battery electric vehicles: UK consumer attitudes and attributions of symbolic meaning following direct experience to reduce psychological distance,” Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, vol. 16, no. 7, pp. 525–531, Oct. 2011.[5]B. Vandecasteele and M. Geuens, “Motivated Consumer Innovativeness: Concept, measurement, and validation,” International Journal of Research in Marketing, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 308–318, Dec. 2010.[6]J. Axsen, J. TyreeHageman, and A. Lentz, “Lifestyle practices and pro-environmental technology,” Ecological Economics, vol. 82, pp. 64–74, Oct. 2012.[7]S. Carley, R. M. Krause, B. W. Lane

Harini Nagendra is a Professor of Sustainability at Azim Premji University. Her recent book "Nature in the City: Bengaluru in the Past, Present, and Future" (Oxford University Press India, 2016) examines the transformation of human-nature interactions in Bangalore from the 6th century CE to the present, addressing the implications of such change for the urban sustainability of fast-growing cities in the global South. The book was listed by the science journal Nature as one of the five best science picks of the week in its issue of July 28 2016. https://azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in/SitePages/harini-nagendra.aspx Nature in the City: Bengaluru in the Past, Present and Future https://www.amazon.com/Nature-City-Bengaluru-Present-Future/dp/0199465924 Cities and Canopies: Trees in Indian Cities https://www.amazon.com/Cities-Canopies-Trees-Indian/dp/0670091219/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=Cities+and+Canopies%3A+Trees+in+Indian+Cities&qid=1569093142&s=books&sr=1-1 Prof. Nagendra is an ecologist who uses methods from the natural and social sciences - satellite remote sensing, biodiversity studies, archival research, GIS, institutional analysis, and community interviews, to examine the sustainability of forests and cities in the global South. She completed her PhD from the Centre for Ecological Sciences in the Indian Institute of Science in 1998. Since then, she has conducted research and taught at multiple institutions, and was most recently a Hubert H Humphrey Distinguished Visiting Professor at Macalester College, Saint Paul, Minnesota in 2013. She is a recipient of numerous awards for her research, including a 2017 Web of Science 2017 India Research Excellence Award as the most cited Indian researcher in the category of Interdisciplinary Research; a 2013 Elinor Ostrom Senior Scholar award for her research and practice on issues of the urban commons, and a 2009 Cozzarelli Prize from the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA (with Elinor Ostrom). Along with her two books, she has authored over 150 peer reviewed publications, including in journals such as Nature, Nature Sustainability and Science. She writes extensively on her research for the public via newspaper and magazine articles, science blogs, and has given a number of public talks for science communication. She also engages with international research on global environmental change, She is a Steering Committees member of the Future Earth Programme on Ecosystem Change and Society and a former Steering Committee Member of the Global Land Project, Diversitas and a Capacity Building Committee member of the Asia Pacific Network for Global Environmental Change. She has also been a Lead Author of the 5th IPCC Report - Working Group III. Harini’s Google Scholar page https://scholar.google.de/citations?user=GWyr-pgAAAAJ&hl=de&oi=ao   Link to her commentary piece in Nature 2018 https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-05210-0   Link to her recent article in Nature Sustainability https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-018-0101-5?platform=hootsuite

This week we spoke with Nate Engle, a Senior Climate Change Specialist with the World Bank's Water Global Practice. We discussed his time in graduate school at the University of Michigan, the value of a PhD, his experience on the Hill as a AAAS fellow, and his move to the World Bank where he now supports programs on adaptation and resilience. Here is the paper that Nate mentioned co-authoring with Mike Schoon and Chanda meek: Robards, Martin D., Schoon, Michael L., Meek, Chanda L. and Engle, Nathan L. 2011. The Importance of Social Drivers in the Resilient Provision of Ecosystem Services. Global Environmental Change 21(2). Special Issue on The Politics and Policy of Carbon Capture and Storage: 522–529. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0959378010001172   And here is a website discussing the STRONG act, which came up during our discussion: https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/3724

In this episode, our guest Lisa Reyes Mason, PhD, takes the Social Work mantra of "person-in-environment" and describes her work related to Global Environmental Change. Applying a social and economic justice perspective, she discusses the impact that Social Work research, education and practice has on shaping our responses to challenges that will continue to challenge those of us living on Planet Earth.

Can farmers save the planet? We all know that the weather impacts agriculture, but farmers are also changing the weather. Dr. Nathan Mueller, head of the Mueller Lab and Assistant Professor of Earth System Science at the University of California, Irvine, walks us through cutting edge research on the complex and interesting relationship between agriculture and climate, and some of the powerful ways farmers can steer global environmental change. The Mueller Lab: https://www.ess.uci.edu/~nmueller/people.html Climate Change and Agriculture: https://www.ess.uci.edu/~nmueller/research.html Check back soon for the new study on climate change and the future of the global beer supply! Xie, W, W Xiong, J Pan, T Ali, Q Cui, D Guan, J Meng, ND Mueller, E Lin, and SJ Davis. in press. Decreases in global beer supply due to extreme drought and heat. Nature Plants. Episode Transcript This is the Young Farmers Podcast. I'm Lindsey Lusher Shute. We already know that weather impacts farmers and the food system. So what will the future of farming look like in the face of climate change? To get an answer to that question, I spoke to Dr. Nathan Mueller. He works at the Department of Earth Systems Science at the University of California-Irvine. He's studying this exact topic, how climate change and farming relate to one another, how weather influences farmers, and farmers influence the weather. Hi, I'm Greta Zarro, organic farmer at Unadilla Community Farm and co-leader of the Leatherstocking Young Farmers Coalition in New York State. I'm a member of the National Young Farmers Coalition because NYFC provides me with a platform for connecting with fellow beginning farmers in my region. For $35 a year, you can become a member too. As a member, you're part of a community of beginning small family farms following sustainable and fair practices. And you get discounts too like 10 percent off High Mowing Seeds. To join, go to youngfarmers.org. Lindsey:  And Nathan, what is your area of study? And what do you do? I know your website says the Mueller Lab. That is like a group of researchers working together? Nathan:  So I study, uh, the intersection of agriculture and global environmental change, thinking about land use, biogeochemistry, the climate system. And then I'm also thinking about the ways in which global environmental change is influencing agriculture and farmers. Um, so for example, how changes in climate are influencing crop yields and how we can adapt to those changes in the future. Lindsey:  Can you talk about how climate change is currently impacting agriculture and what we anticipate for, for the future of agriculture? I heard you share one stat that there's going to be an 80 percent loss of maize production by 2080 just in the US, which is pretty incredible. What are we seeing already and what does it look like, uh, going into the future? Nathan:   So that particular stat is an interesting one to start with. There was a paper that came out about 10 years ago now, using statistical models of past weather variability and yields and they projected this potentially very large decline in the productivity of US staple crops, and the conversation has evolved since then talking about statistical modeling, so throwing a bunch of data at the problem, talking about process based modeling, so using our best understanding of how crops grow and how they respond to temperature and radiation and soil moisture. And what we see is that the picture is mixed. I wouldn't say we're confident about that 80 percent number. One thing that is clear is that climate change will pose a greater headwind to crop productivity. It's unlikely, given, especially in the US, given the way that technology advances. So it's unlikely that we'll get net declines, but we might see that increase start to slow in the future. Lindsey: So the productivity gains will not continue on sort of the same trajectory given the increasing challenges of growing food in certain regions. Nathan:  Yeah, you can think of that in line of yields going up. And we actually have some new research coming out soon, fingers crossed, where we've looked at historical trends in climate over the US. And we've had this really interesting thing for corn farmers where kind of moderate temperatures have increased but extreme temperatures have have actually decreased just a little bit in the corn belt, and this seems to actually have given a little bit of a boost to yields, but looking into the future that trajectory may change as warming is projected to increase quite a lot. Lindsey:  That's really interesting. The reduction in extreme temperatures, do you think potentially that's related to some of your other research on how corn and agriculture of some of these commodities is changing the weather? Nathan:  Yeah. So, you know, when we think about climate change our default is to just think about carbon, right? The big greenhouse gas. But there are many different greenhouse gases including nitrous oxide, which, uh, you know, we see released from the use of nitrogen fertilizers for example. But you can also have a regional climate changed by land surface properties. So irrigation, when we have irrigated large swaths of land, that actually can lead to a cooling of daytime maximum temperatures. Think about, you know, when you walk into a lawn that's just been watered or something. It feels nice and cool compared to your pavement. Lindsey:  So this reduction- am i characterizing that right-- it's a reduction in extreme temperatures or sort of moderation because of this irrigated agriculture. And is that just in the midwest that you're seeing that or is that something that's happening outside of the Midwest as well? Nathan:  Right. So is something that's happening globally. Everywhere we have irrigation development, it influences regional climate. In the Midwest, we've seen it in the central valley. In places like the North China Plain and other places where a summer crops have intensified and where irrigation has developed as well. Lindsey:   This irrigation phenomenon in moderating the climate, is this some sort of a bubble...this impact because farmers are in many cases reliant on groundwater and underground aquifers for irrigation? Is this, is this something that you anticipate will not be the case in the future as some of those supplies dwindle? Or do you think that just the techniques, even with rain fed agriculture are so much more advanced than they were at one point that this trend will continue? Nathan:  That's a great question. If we zoom in on the Midwest and of course as you go to the western part of the corn belt in Nebraska and the great plains, you have irrigated crop lands. But farther east, very little irrigated and in those areas to the east, when there's a big drought, that cooling effect goes away. It evaporates, no pun intended. Um, and so yeah, you could think very similarly in the irrigated areas, if your water dries up, this sort of buffering induced by the land surface change is going to go away. In agricultural landscapes, you've got multiple factors influencing that regional climate. One factor, as we were just talking about, can be changes to the land surface. It can be increasing productivity of crop lands and more water use. But then we also have the influence of what we typically think about as global climate change. We have increasing greenhouse gases accumulating in the atmosphere, trapping energy and leading to warming of air temperatures and surface temperatures. So it's kind of the balance of all of those factors that are going to drive climate into the future. And well, I think it's fair to argue that the landscape change has had a big influence, for example, in the Midwest during the summer, the greenhouse gas signal is having a bigger effect during other seasons and at some point is going to lead to warming during the summer for those very extreme temperatures as well in the Midwest. Lindsey:  When you say other seasons, I imagine one of the things that you're talking about would be, for instance, in the Southwest, we're seeing some of what would normally fall into the mountains as snow is coming as rain or the melt is happening sooner, that type of thing? Nathan:   Definitely. Yeah. So winter is warming. In general, nighttime temperatures have been warming more than daytime temperatures and winter temperatures have been waming more than summer temperatures. And I think the snow question is a really interesting one and really critical, especially here in California, we rely so much upon the natural reservoir of snowpack. It's pretty unclear how globally, you know, how much of our food supply is really dependent upon snow melt for water supply and what the vulnerability is in the future. But I would say it's clearly something to worry about. Lindsey:   Right, yeah, our western farmers are pretty concerned in the four corners area in particular just about what the reservoirs are like right now. Um, some of them didn't get any allocation of surface water, river water this year, and they receive like 60 percent of their allocation of storage water that comes from that snow pack and the reservoir is lower going into the fall than it typically is. So that is definitely on the minds of a lot of our farmers thinking about are we going to get enough snow this winter to keep us through next summer? Nathan:  And one thing with that is that, you know, it's not just the average changes but also the changes in extreme events and routes that we're really concerned about, especially multiyear droughts like we had in California recently. When these events happen year after year, it can really influence the financial viability for farmers and um, could end up pushing people out of agriculture, which is something we certainly don't. Lindsey:  Oh yeah, that's absolutely true. You know, we talk about resilience oftentimes when it comes to farmers adapting and being prepared for, um, climate extremes. But there's also like a financial viability as a big part of that as well. Like, can your business make it through those tough seasons? Nathan: Well, I have a great postdoctoral scholar who is just starting to investigate snow melt dependence of irrigated agriculture from a global perspective. Lindsey:  All right, excellent. Nathan:   So we'll let you know what we find out. Lindsey:  You know, with climate change, there's a couple of other elements of it that I'm curious about. Certainly out east this year we had a major hailstorm on our vegetable farm. It was a really extreme storm with like softball size hail that knocked out solar panels that are rated for golf ball sized hail, that kind of thing. I just wonder like are these sort of extreme storms that we're seeing- is this normal or can this also be in any way associated with climate change? Nathan:  One of the projections from the models is in fact that we will see more frequent and severe rain events, in the midwest to the northeast. And so that certainly could be related. There is a growing field within the climate science community called attribution. And the idea is that when we get extreme events that you can actually use the tools of climate science, these global climate models, and use them to characterize what the influence of climate change is on the probability of some event occurring. And as scientists we're always very hesitant to say that anything is definitively because of climate change. What we can say is when something is more likely to have occurred because of climate change. Lindsey:  And I'm wondering too, one of the things that I know we've experienced on our farm has been, um, you know, different pests and disease pressures and whatnot because of, you know, warmer winters. Um, and I'm wondering what do the climate models project in terms of disease pressure and how that is going to change nationally? Is that something that you could speak to? Nathan:  There was just a brand new study that came out in Science which was one of the, uh, I'll say one of the fanciest journals out there, and they did a nice job connecting climate projections with essentially pest prevalence, and they do predict that this will be a major mechanism by which agriculture is effective. Lindsey: This is really an intriguing idea how farmers are impacting the weather. It's a difficult thing for farmers to internalize, right? Like what a responsibility it is to actually have impact on global climate systems. To think about that and take responsibility for that I think is quite important. So I'm just wondering if you can just name all of the ways that farmers are presently impacting weather now and into the future. Nathan:  I guess there are two main mechanisms by which farmers and agriculture in general influence the weather and our climate system. One is by influencing these biophysical mechanisms that we were talking about earlier. So for example, how much water is used on the landscape, irrigation, changes in crop productivity, and land use change. So for example, deforestation. All of these factors influence the climate from that biophysical perspective. And then the other main way that farmers and agriculture influence the climate system is through greenhouse gas emissions. Agriculture in general contributes about 25 percent of greenhouse gas emissions. About half of that is coming from land use change, uh, primarily in the tropics, deforestation and related carbon emissions. And then the other half has to do with kind of on farm management practices as well as livestock. Ruminate livestock commit methane is a greenhouse gas. Um, rice cultivation also releases methane. The use of nitrogen fertilizers releases N2o. And those are some of the big ways in which farmers influence and agriculture and food consumers such as myself influence, uh, the greenhouse gas budget of the world. It's not fair to, you know, I don't think we'd want to put it all on farmers, for some of these are like unavoidable consequences and they are very, I would say, difficult to deal with emissions, compared to changing power plants, etc. Lindsey: When it comes to transition of forested land or prairie land or whatnot, and I guess a lot of this is happening right now in the tropics, can you explain what that means for greenhouse gas emissions or how that impact occurs? Nathan: Yeah. So let's take as an example, Indonesian Rainforest that is being cleared for oil palm. And so they'll come in and clear the land often through burning. And so you release the carbon locked up in the above ground biomass in the trees when you burn, and then when the soil is disturbed, that also releases carbon from the soil. And then in Indonesia, there's another interesting case where you have wetlands soils and when these wetland soils are drained, um, that increases the decomposition of the biomass that's essentially locked up in those soils. And so, um, you can see a lot of emissions from the soils as a result of that. Lindsey: And what about in the Midwestern context? Um, when we see a native native prairie, uh, turned into cultivated land, I suppose as an example. Are there similar greenhouse gas emissions in that scenario? Nathan:  Yeah, exactly. Very similar mechanisms at play where you have a pulse of carbon coming from the above ground biomass and then also when that soil is tilled and worked with, um, you see emissions from below ground as well. In general, there's this enthusiasm about focusing on soil health and how focusing on soil health can actually be a really key way to help solve the climate problem. Specifically the idea that these soils can be made more carbon-rich through management and that that sequestration of carbon can really help. Lindsey:  Do you have a sense of like the scope of such soil health practices that would be required to really play a meaningful role in climate mitigation? Nathan:  You know, I don't have the numbers off the top of my head, but I will say that the researchers that have been doing field studies on this topic, they find that pretty large sequestration rates are possible on cropland and on degraded pastures. And um, and then, you know, when they do back of the envelope calculations to see, you know, how this could scale up, you do get some really large numbers. Um, the majority of countries in the world with the exception of the US have agreed to, um, you know, limit climate warming to two degrees celsius with a more aspirational goal of one and a half degrees. And it turns out that in these models, one of the only ways they can get there is if they assume there's some way in which we're able to actually suck carbon out of the atmosphere. So these are Called negative emissions. And one of the ways that you could get negative emissions is if you produced bioenergy and also capture the carbon and sequestered some of the carbon associated with that bioenergy. Lindsey:   So when you say a bioenergy, it's some sort of replacement fuel to a fossil fuel in addition to having negative emissions? Nathan:  Right. Lindsey: And so negative emissions would be, I guess one way to do that would be soil carbon sequestration? Nathan: Yeah, exactly. It's a little disturbing that, you know, the scenarios that we can come up with that allow us to meet the goals that we have stated for ourselves with climate change. But it's another way of emphasizing the importance of agriculture in all of this, and we'll see how it ends up. Lindsey: Some of your work has been on farmer attitudes on climate change and what makes a farmer associate a particular, um, uh, I guess weather event or weather trend as climate change or not. Could you tell me a little bit about the work you've done on that? Nathan:  Sure. So yeah, I had the opportunity to collaborate with a great researcher at the University of Vermont, Meredith Daniels. So in our specific study we were looking at actually farmers in New Zealand, um, and we were comparing perceptions about how climate was changing to how climate was changing locally in those regions. And so we saw, you know, it was really a mixed bag in that population. One thing that was interesting is that their belief and whether climate change was occurring at the global level was related to their perception of whether they thought that a change was occurring locally, and the farmers were also very accurate in capturing the fact that uh, the winter was warming a quite substantially. Lindsey:   So if the farmers observed local events, they were more likely to believe that global climate change was occurring. Is that correct? Nathan:   Yeah. So, uh, it was actually, if they believe that global climate change was occuring-- Lindsey:   Oh, ok, I'm wrong. It's the other way around-- Nathan:  --they were a bit more likely to perceive the local change. Yeah. Which was really interesting. We also saw that you know, for some of the perceptions, like for example, with the winter warming were certainly right on, which tracks with the fact that who's going to be a better observer of weather and climate than farmers. Lindsey:   So you're finding is that if a farmer believes that global climate change is happening, they would associate weather anomalies or winter warming or whatnot also with that climate belief. Nathan:  Their beliefs were associated with their perceptions of local change for sure. Um, but, uh, some of the perceptions definitely tracked the local changes. And here in the US, um, my understanding of the latest research on this is that across the country a majority of farmers do believe that climate change is happening and is likely to affect them. But, um, there is still less than half that believe it to be anthropogenic. Lindsey:  How much should we use that data in thinking about encouraging and working with farmers to get more of them engaged in these efforts on climate mitigation? Nathan:                     That is a really, really interesting question and I'm not sure I have a perfect answer for you. Uh, but certainly some practices that might be considered an adaptation to climate change may just be also something that's good for the soil. It's good for the bank account and so whether the motivation is fundamentally about climate change or the weather, it may or may not matter as much once you get down to actually just adopting certain practices that are going to be beneficial for the farmer. Lindsey:   Yeah it's something that I've thinking a lot about since hearing experts say that they need farmers to play such an important role, but also knowing that farmers aren't necessarily aware of what's expected of them or hoped for their practices. And I feel like there's a sort of a fundamental disconnect there, broad scale or maybe just on farm scale. Like what are the top things that could change, particularly with US agriculture, that would really make a significant difference? New Speaker:  Yeah. So I think all this research coming out about soil carbon sequestration is really key. We also see that nitrous oxide is emissions from nitrogen fertilizer use, but inorganic and organic sources, of course. We also see nitrous oxide from organic nitrogen sources. Managing nitrogen, increasing nitrogen use efficiency, promoting precision agricultural technology are all means by which we can help reduce those emissions. One way that we can influence greenhouse gas emissions as food consumers is through how much room and meat we consume. And this becomes a little tricky. I think it's hard too because, you know, I have relatives that raise cattle and there are livelihoods and cultures, uh, associated with meat production. And so I don't know, it's a hard conversation to have. Lindsey:   So some of that is reducing meat consumption, but also, we have more people, right? So if we even just stay at the level we're at now, that's less meat per person. New Speaker:  The key thing here is like if in the developed countries, our diets are a little bit less than intensive, you know, we also have massive population growth, massive increases in the richness of diets. In the developing world, increasing meat and dairy consumption. So I don't think we're talking about like a net negative decline in meat and dairy globally, by any means. But at least, that is a lever that can be pulled on to have an influence. Lindsey:  And I know this isn't your specific area of study, but when you say ruminant agriculture, there is a difference between ruminants that are grown in a confinement situation and those that are raised on pasture in terms of methane emissions. Nathan:  Yeah. So I'm not familiar with all of the details of that work. I know that it matters, you know, what the rates of emissions are. And there was some recent work suggesting that the grass-fed impacts are actually a little bit larger. Lindsey:  Because of the length of time to raise a given animal. Nathan:  Exactly. Yeah. So I think one bigger picture thing that I've found since getting into this topic from an academic perspective is that it's difficult because we all come from different backgrounds and have different ideas about, you know, what we think sustainable looks like or ought to look like, and you find yourself sort of humbled over and over where you know, you realize maybe your perceptions weren't right and you have to reevaluate in the face of evidence. You know, for example, in the case of this greenhouse gas emissions of grass fed cattle thing, it was a surprise to me. Lindsey:   Is there a tendency to just look at all of that carbon emissions narrowly too, as opposed, you know, like you think of a pasture based system as being very healthy for the ecosystem as well, that it supports, whereas a confinement operation is dramatically altering that ecosystem to support growth of animals and livestock. So I think it's really interesting to see what that carbon balance is, but what is being missed in that conversation? Nathan: That's a great point. Yeah. Even though we, you know, need to bring numbers to bear on all of these issues, it's really important not to look too narrowly and to consider all of the dimensions of the system, all of the services that are being produced by that landscape, and the impacts of how it's managed. And in research about ecosystem services as a little subfield of environmental science where we're talking about how the services provided to humans of different landscapes-- they often have these plots that are like flower petals. And each petal encompasses some dimension that we care about. So you know, one could be greenhouse gas emissions, one could be biodiversity for example. Something that's nice about that is you get this nice visual picture of how these different landscapes compare. You can see what it looks like and not just go down to one particular axis but look at a bunch of different outcomes together and that's a nice framing to keep in mind. Lindsey:  There is so much complexity to all of this and I think there is no choice but to embrace that complexity. Right? Because ignoring any part of it, I think-- Nathan:  Exactly, I think that's very true. Lindsey:  You know, not just this narrow sort of carbon balance equation when you're thinking about um, raising livestock, but also just like thinking about how we get more farmers engaged in climate mitigation. We're like attitudes and cultural beliefs and you know, regional practices, etc. like how that plays into economic variables and I don't know, the list goes on and on and on. But yeah, these are the conversations we need to be having and as challenging as they may be, because the climate impacts, it's happening now. Nathan: Absolutely. Lindsey:  Nathan, thank you so much for joining us today. I learned a lot. Nathan:  Thanks so much for having me. Lindsey:  Thanks so much for your time. Dr. Mueller, thank you so much for being on the show and for explaining so much. I have to mention that Nathan Mueller is also a coauthor on a new paper on the impacts of climate change on the global beer supply. We will link to that paper in the show notes as well as some of his other research. If you like what we're doing here on this show, please leave us a note on iTunes. It really does help more people find the pod. This show is edited by Hannah Beal and recorded with the generous help of Radio Kingston. See you next week.

On our latest episode of the Governance Podcast, Professor Mark Pennington interviews Professor Frans Berkhout of King's College London on his latest book about climate governance. Tune in for a rich discussion on the limits of international coordination and how local experimentation can solve global commons dilemmas. Subscribe on iTunes Subscribe to the Governance Podcast on iTunes today and get all our latest episodes directly in your pocket. The Guest Frans Berkhout is Executive Dean of the Faculty of Social Science and Public Policy and Professor of Environment, Society and Climate at King's College London. He joined the Department of Geography at King's in 2013. From 2013-2015 he was Director of the Future Earth programme, based at the International Council for Science (ICSU) in Paris. Before that, Prof Berkhout directed the Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM) at the VU University Amsterdam in The Netherlands and led the Amsterdam Global Change Institute. He has also held posts at SPRU (Science and Technology Policy Research), University of Sussex, and was Director of the UK Economic and Social Research Council's Global Environmental Change and Sustainable Technologies programmes. Among other advisory roles, Professor Berkhout was a lead author in the IPCC's Fifth Assessment Report (2014) and a member of the Social Science Panel of the Research Excellence Framework (REF2014) of the Higher Education Funding Council for England. He sits on the editorial boards of Research Policy, Global Environmental Change, Journal of Industrial Ecology, Current Opinion on Environmental Sustainability, Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions and The Anthropocene Review. Follow Us For more information about our upcoming podcasts and events, follow us on facebook or twitter (@csgskcl). Skip Ahead  00:45: What was the motivation for your latest book? 5:15: What is experimentation in your framework? Is climate governance experimentation different from scientific experimentation? 10:15: Can you combine top down and bottom up approaches to climate governance? 15:25: Why do people at the local level take action on climate change? 19:35: How do local networks of experimentation get off the ground and get connected globally? 21:30: Some say that focusing on an experimental approach can serve as an excuse for a lack of coordination on climate change policy at the global scale. Others say global coordination is too slow and cumbersome. Can we reconcile this tension? 27:25: Do we always want local experiments to ripple out to a broader scale? Would they stop having contextual relevance? 31:45: What evidence do we have that local experiments are having a broader, more global effect? 35:00: Are we abandoning global coordination? Is there still a role for international policy? 39:17: What role does interdisciplinarity play in the study of climate change governance? 42:18: Do we have examples of networks of academic actors that experiment in social science approaches to climate governance? 45:03: What are the next research avenues for climate governance? 45:45: Are social scientists equipped to oversee the experiments? Are academics themselves complex enough to understand governance?

This is the second in our extended series of episodes on children’s play.  We kicked off last week with a look at the benefits of play (https://yourparentingmojo.com/play/) in general for children, and now we’re going to take a more specific look at the benefits of outdoor play.  Really, if someone could bottle up and sell outdoor play they’d make a killing, because it’s hard to imagine something children can do that benefits them more than this. This episode also tees up our conversation, which will be an interview with Dr. Scott Sampson on his book How To Raise A Wild Child, which gives TONS of practical suggestions for getting outdoors with children.   Other episodes referenced in this show How to scaffold children’s learning to help them succeed (https://yourparentingmojo.com/005-how-to-scaffold-childrens-learning/) Is a Reggio Emilia-inspired preschool right for my child? (https://yourparentingmojo.com/reggio/) Understanding the AAP’s new screen time guidelines (https://yourparentingmojo.com/screen-time/) Raising your child in a digital world (https://yourparentingmojo.com/digital-world/) References Anderson, L. W. and Krathwohl, D. R., et al (Eds..) (2001) A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching, and Assessing: A Revision of Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives. Allyn & Bacon. Boston, MA: Pearson Education Group Berman, M.G., Jonides, J., & Kaplan, S. (2008). The cognitive benefits of interacting with nature. Psychological Science 19(12), 1207-1212. Brussoni, M., Rebecca, G., Gray, C., Ishikawa, T., & Sandseter, E.B.H. (2015). What is the relationship between risky outdoor play and health in children? A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 12(6), 6243-6454. Centers for Disease Control and Prvention (2016). Playground safety. Author. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/safechild/playground/index.html Capaldi, C.A., Dopko, R.L., & Zelenski, J.M. (2014). The relationship between nature connectedness and happiness: A meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychology 5, 1-15. Gregory, A. (2017, May 18). Running free in Germany’s outdoor preschools. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/18/t-magazine/germany-forest-kindergarten-outdoor-preschool-waldkitas.html?_r=0 Hung, W. (2013). Problem-based learning: A learning environment for enhancing learning transfer. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education 137(31), 27-38. doi 10.1002/ace.20042 Lund, H.H., Klitbo, T., & Jessen, C. (2005). Playware technology for physically activating play. Artificial Life and Robotics 9(4), 165-174. Mawson, W.B. (2014). Experiencing the ‘wild woods’: The impact of pedagogy on children’s experience of a natural environment. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal 22(4), 513-524. Moss, S. (2012). Natural Childhood. London: The National Trust. Nash, R. (1982). Wilderness and the American Mind (3rd Ed.). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. Natural Playgrounds Company (2017). Website. Retrieved from http://www.naturalplaygrounds.com/ Outdoor Foundation (2017). Outdoor Participation Report. Author. Retrieved from https://outdoorindustry.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/2017-Outdoor-Recreation-Participation-Report_FINAL.pdf Otto, S., & Pensini, P. (2017). Nature-based environmental education of children: Environmental knowledge and connectness to nature, together, are related to ecological behavior. Global Environmental Change 47, 88-94. Potvin, P., & Hasni, A. (2014). Interest, motivation, and attitude towards science and technology at K-12 levels: A systematic review of 12 years of educational research. Studies in Science Education 50(1), 85-129. Richardson, M., Cormack, A., McRobert, L., & Underhill, R. (2016). 30 days wild: Development and evaluation of a large-scale nature engagement campaign...

Sam Fankhauser is Director of the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment at the London School of Economics. He has been at the institute since its inception a decade ago, where he initially joined as a Principal Research Fellow. He also holds positions as Deputy Director of the Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy, Non-Executive Director the CDC Group and a member of the editorial board for the journals Global Environmental Change, Climate Policy and Global Sustainability. Prior to joining the Grantham Institute, Sam served as Deputy Chief Economist at the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). He has also worked at the World Bank, the Global Environment Facility and in the private sector. His research interests include the economics of adaptation to climate change, climate finance and the functioning of carbon markets and climate change policy in the UK. In this episode, Sam provides an excellent overview of the state of carbon pricing today and outlines its two principal forms; carbon taxation and carbon trading. He discusses the merits and disadvantages of each, stressing that all carbon pricing is ultimately results based. Noting that current carbon prices are far too low to meet the objectives of the Paris agreement, he provides words of cautious optimism looking at successful schemes in Sweden and British Colombia in Canada which show the effectiveness and viability of carbon trading. Sam also discusses significant barriers around issues of political economy and voters' suspicion of government taxation, and how this renders carbon trading easier to implement practically. He also addresses “shadow pricing” and how the private sector's growing enthusiasm seems to reflect an understanding that the economic growth of this century will arise from low-carbon opportunities. Finally, he stresses the need for collaboration around carbon pricing to avoid “carbon leakage.” He also points to how empirical evidence suggests that successful schemes can be imported as regulators in different jurisdictions learn from one another. The post Episode 38: Sam Fankhauser, Director of the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment at LSE, discusses carbon pricing appeared first on The Sustainability Agenda.

This Friedman Seminar features Sam Myers, Senior Research Scientist at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and an Instructor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School, presenting “Planetary health and nutrition: Tracking the human nutritional consequences of accelerating global environmental change.” Bio: Samuel Myers, MD, MPH works at the intersection of human health and global environmental change. He is a Senior Research Scientist at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and an Instructor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School. He is also Director of the Planetary Health Alliance. Sam’s current work spans several areas of planetary health including 1) the global nutritional impacts of rising concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere; 2) the health impacts of land management decisions in SE Asia associated with biomass burning and particulate air pollution; 3) the nutritional impacts of reduced access to wildlife (bushmeat) in the diet in Madagascar; 4) the local (in Madagascar) and global consequences of fisheries decline for human nutrition and health; and 5) the impact of animal pollinator declines on human nutrition at a global scale. As the Director of the Planetary Health Alliance, Sam oversees a multi-institutional effort to support research, education and policy efforts around the world focused on understanding and quantifying the human health impacts of global environmental change and translating that understanding into resource management decisions globally. Dr. Myers serves as a Commissioner on the Lancet-Rockefeller Foundation Commission on Planetary Health and was recently awarded the Prince Albert II of Monaco—Institut Pasteur Award 2015 for research at the interface of global environmental change and human health. Abstract: We find ourselves at an interesting moment in human history when global food demand is rising more steeply than ever before in human history at the same time that many of the fundamental biophysical conditions that underpin global food production (agriculture, animal husbandry, fisheries) are changing much more rapidly than ever before in human history. I will briefly discuss some of the global trends and introduce the concept of Planetary Health. Then I will introduce some of our group’s research into nutritional consequences of some of these trends (rising CO2, pollinator declines, changes in the status of global fisheries, access to bushmeat) and discuss some of the important data gaps to move this field forward. About the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy: The Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University is the only independent school of nutrition in the United States. The school's eight degree programs – which focus on questions relating to nutrition and chronic diseases, molecular nutrition, agriculture and sustainability, food security, humanitarian assistance, public health nutrition, and food policy and economics – are renowned for the application of scientific research to national and international policy.

This week, we look back at a previous episode about how climate change is altering the face of the planet, and affecting the lives of the people who live here. Desiree Schell speaks to science writer and naturalist Christoper White, about his book "The Melting World: A Journey Across America's Vanishing Glaciers." And she's joined by sociology researcher Stephen Castles, to discuss the factors driving human migration, and how it could be affected by the shifting climate. Download "Foresight: Migration and Global Environmental Change" (2011) Final Project Report from the UK Government Office for Science, London. Download Stephen Castles' "concluding remarks...

Robert B. Jackson, Nicholas Professor of Global Environmental Change, Associate Dean for Research, and Professor of Biology at Duke University, discusses his work on the feedbacks between people and the biosphere, including studies of energy, land use, and climate change, with the goal of building predictive, scientific frameworks that help guide policy solutions for global warming and other environmental problems.

Mark Lynas is an award-winning writer and visiting research associate at Oxford University's Environmental Change Institute who served as an advisor on climate change to the former president of the Maldives. He has authored three books-two on climate change and one focusing on how humans can protect and nurture the biosphere. His lecture, "Living Within Planetary Boundaries: How Should the 'God Species' Respond to Global Environmental Change?" was presented on Mar 2, 2012, as part of the School of Geography and Development colloquium. It is the second in the UA lecture series, "Clearing the Air: Arizona's Voice for Environmental Science." Read his blog at http://www.marklynas.org/. "Clearing the Air" includes talks by four renowned experts on communicating climate and environmental science. The series was designed to highlight the importance of communicating science broadly and clearly. The lecture series is sponsored by the UA's Institute of the Environment, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Water Sustainability Program, Renewable Energy Network, College of Science, UA Biosphere 2, College of Law, and School of Geography and Development.

Allan Findlay, Professor of Population Geography, School of Geography and Geosciences, University of St. Andrews, gives a talk for the COMPAS breakfast briefing series. The impact of global climate change on human mobility and migration has been in the news recently because of the landmark publication of the Foresight research, Migration and Global Environmental Change, a two year study led by the UK Government Office for Science, which drew on a major body of evidence produced by several experts from across the globe to understand how diverse environmental changes will converge on populations between now and 2060; as well as the profound consequences for those who move and for those who stay behind, and also for the regions of origin and destination. This month's presenter, Allan Findlay, was involved in two of the reports that formed part of the Foresight programme's massive evidence base. However, Allan Findlay has been writing on migration in a number of capacities and in this briefing will be reflecting on the evidence that he has developed in his career, to explore some of the possible implications for migration policy. The research is part of the programme of the ESRC Centre for Population Change (CPC), which is funded by the Economic and Social Research Council as the UK's first research centre on population change. Based jointly at the University of Southampton and the National Records of Scotland, CPC brings together expertise from the Universities of Southampton, St. Andrews, Edinburgh, Strathclyde, Stirling and Dundee.

Marea E. Hatziolos ’73, Senior Coastal and Marine Specialist, Environment Department, The World Bank

Bryan McDonald is the Assistant Director of the Center for Unconventional Security Affairs. He received a Ph.D. in Social Ecology from the University of California, Irvine, a Master's Degree in Political Science from Virginia Tech and a Bachelor's Degree (in Honors, Summa Cum Laude) in English from Virginia Tech. His research explores the impacts of processes of global change on politics and security with a focus on human, environmental, and international security. Current research projects include: threats and vulnerabilities of the emerging network of global food systems; the environmental dimensions of peacebuilding and post-conflict reconstruction, and social and political impacts of the changing global security landscape. He is co-editor of Global Environmental Change and Human Security (MIT Press, forthcoming 2009) and Landmines and Human Security: International Politics and War's Hidden Legacy (SUNY Press, 2004, paperback 2006). His work has been published in Democracy & Society, The Journal of the American Planning Association, The Canadian Journal of Political Science, Global Environmental Politics, Organization & Environment, Natural Resources Journal, Environment, Politics and the Life Sciences, International Environmental Agreements, and The Environmental Change and Security Project Report. McDonald has presented papers at annual meetings of the American Political Science Association, the International Studies Association, the American Planning Association, and the American Collegiate Schools of Planning.

Professors Vitousek and Matson give a brief overview of global environmental changes, their causes and the uneven distribution of their consequences for people and societies. (January 26, 2008)