Podcasts about Hydrogen

Siva Yellamraju is the co-founder and CEO of Fourier, a company building modular, on-site hydrogen systems for long-duration energy storage and distributed hydrogen production. Fourier's approach combines lithium-ion batteries for short-duration needs with hydrogen storage for longer durations, packaged into a single system designed to operate like a microgrid. In this episode of Inevitable, Yellamraju explains why hydrogen has long been considered promising for multi-day, seasonal, and even multi-year energy storage, but has struggled because of the cost and complexity of transporting it. He argues that producing hydrogen where it is needed can remove that transportation challenge and unlock a different cost curve for long-duration storage. The conversation explores Fourier's modular “hydrogen blade” architecture, its first storage deployment in Gujarat, India, and the growing demand for alternatives to diesel generators as data centers require increasingly large amounts of backup power. Yellamraju also discusses why levelized cost of storage matters more than round-trip efficiency, India's potential role in energy manufacturing, and his transition from software and data centers into building physical energy infrastructure. Note: Fourier is an MCJ portfolio company. Episode recorded on August 5, 2026 (Published on September 1, 2026). In this episode, we cover: (0:00) An overview of Fourier (1:33) Why hydrogen could work for long-duration energy storage (4:12) Why centralized hydrogen production creates a transportation problem (5:31) Making hydrogen storage operate like a battery (7:08) Why levelized cost matters more than round-trip efficiency (10:08) How hydrogen stores and returns energy (12:22) How long hydrogen can remain stored (13:45) Fourier's battery-plus-hydrogen microgrid architecture (14:24) Why Fourier uses a modular “hydrogen blade” design (15:51) Combining lithium-ion batteries with hydrogen for all storage durations (16:19) How Fourier's software optimizes storage, lifetime, and ROI (17:47) Fourier's first commercial storage deployment in Gujarat (19:53) Why Fourier is expanding from hydrogen feedstock into energy storage (20:32) How AI and data center growth accelerated demand for long-duration storage (24:24) Replacing diesel generators and solving multiple power needs with one system (26:55) How hydrogen storage compares with iron-air batteries (27:50) Why India could become a major energy manufacturing and hydrogen hub (30:10) The engineering and manufacturing talent Fourier is hiring (30:39) Transitioning from software to physical energy infrastructure (34:11) Scaling Fourier to meet growing demand for energy storage Enjoyed this episode? Please leave us a review! Share feedback or suggest future topics and guests at info@mcj.vc.Connect with MCJ:Cody Simms on LinkedInVisit mcj.vcSubscribe to the MCJ Newsletter*Editing and post-production work for this episode was provided by The Podcast Consultant

Recorded at the SolarPower Summit in Brussels this conversation between Laurent Segalen and Jonathan Gifford examines why batteries have become one of the fastest growing and most strategically important technologies shaping the global energy transition. Jonathan Gifford is the co-founder of Climate Copy and a wonderful storyteller.  Laurent unpacks how rapid battery innovation is transforming electric mobility, renewable energy markets, charging infrastructure, and the future operation of electricity grids.  It has been only nine years since Hornsdale (Tesla – South Australia) 100MW-130MWh made of EV batteries cracked the code. Six months later in China the Jiangsu Zhenjiang first 100MW LFP battery was installed. In Europe and the US, the first large LFP batteries were installed in 2021-2022. Now, LFP has a 95% market share in BESS around the world. For EVs, it is 55% LFP – 45% NMC (80% in China).  By the end of 2026, we will reach 500GW globally and great forecasters like Jan Rosenow expect 1,000GW by 2030. We see longer duration and the advent of sodium batteries.  Laurent outlines why electrification is entering a new phase of acceleration. He highlights how falling battery costs, rapid improvements in electric vehicle technology, and the widening economic gap between electricity and fossil fuels are reshaping expectations across the transport sector. This shift is not limited to passenger cars; it increasingly extends to commercial fleets and heavy-duty trucking, where electric trucks are becoming more competitive thanks to lower operating costs, reduced maintenance needs, and improving charging infrastructure.  He also discusses the growing importance of stationary battery storage in enabling high-power EV charging, increasing grid flexibility, and supporting higher penetration of renewable energy.  Finally, he explained why Hydrogen will never work in long haul transportation. Simply too expensive.    

Thank you for joining us for our 2nd Cabral HouseCall of the weekend!   I'm looking forward to sharing with you some of our community's questions that have come in over the past few weeks…   Ericka: Hi Dr. Cabral! I was wondering if the hydrogen tablets are just as good as the machine you use? I want to save for it, but until then, are the tablets just as good?      Michelle:  My son and daughter-in-law are 20 weeks pregnant with their first child and just found out their unborn baby has Cystic Fibrosis. They are extremely health conscious individuals with food, exercise, sauna, yoga and meditation and are curious how to begin navigating this new diagnosis from a functional medicine perspective once the baby is born while also working with their CF medical team. You've answered one question about CF several years ago stating to be cautious with mucus causing foods and be careful with food combining. Do you any other thoughts you feel would be helpful?      Maria: You're an amazing person. Keep sharing your knowledge.I couldn't find anything on ulcers. Do you have any treatment for them? Thanks again for all you do..       Donelle: Hi Dr. Cabral - I'm currently finishing up IHP Level 1 and loving it so far! I have a specific question regarding a condition my husband has developed over the last year+. He has hemifacial spasms on one side of his face. It started with an eye twitch but spread down his cheek and toward his mouth over time. He had a head/neck MRI done. No issues noted. Currently, he is receiving botox injections in the area every 3-4 months as needed. He takes good supplements (fish oil, magnesium, DNS, berberine, etc.) but nothing helps to resolve this. Any advice you can share would be most appeciated! Thank you, Donelle       Denice: My son has been suffering with Pandas. Main symptom is OCD. Where do we begin?    Thank you for tuning into this weekend's Cabral HouseCalls and be sure to check back tomorrow for our Mindset & Motivation Monday show to get your week started off right!   - - - Show Notes and Resources: StephenCabral.com/3852 - - - Get a FREE Copy of Dr. Cabral's Book: The Rain Barrel Effect - - - Join the Community & Get Your Questions Answered: CabralSupportGroup.com - - - Dr. Cabral's Most Popular At-Home Lab Tests: > Complete Minerals & Metals Test (Test for mineral imbalances & heavy metal toxicity) - - - > Complete Candida, Metabolic & Vitamins Test (Test for 75 biomarkers including yeast & bacterial gut overgrowth, as well as vitamin levels) - - - > Complete Stress, Mood & Metabolism Test (Discover your complete thyroid, adrenal, hormone, vitamin D & insulin levels) - - - > Complete Food Sensitivity Test (Find out your hidden food sensitivities) - - - > Complete Omega-3 & Inflammation Test (Discover your levels of inflammation related to your omega-6 to omega-3 levels) - - - Get Your Question Answered On An Upcoming HouseCall: StephenCabral.com/askcabral - - - Would You Take 30 Seconds To Rate & Review The Cabral Concept? The best way to help me spread our mission of true natural health is to pass on the good word, and I read and appreciate every review!  

Nosipho Radebe speaks to Sabine Dall’Omo, CEO, Siemens Sub-Saharan Africa See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Hydrogen combustion, high-fidelity CFD and the future of aircraft propulsion are the focus of this conversation with Dr. Daniel Mira, Head of the Propulsion Technologies Group at the Barcelona Supercomputing Center. Neil and Dani discuss why reacting flows are so difficult to simulate, how hydrogen changes combustion and aircraft design, the limits of RANS, LES and DNS, GPU-native solvers, coding agents and AI surrogate models.Full episode, corrected transcript and resources:https://neilashton.co.uk/podcasts/s4-e6-daniel-mira-on-hydrogen-combustion-modelling-and-future-propulsion/TopicsWhy reacting flows are so computationally difficultHydrogen versus hydrocarbon combustionWhen hydrogen could reach commercial aviationHow engines and aircraft must be redesignedIndustrial trust in high-fidelity combustion CFDRANS, LES and DNS for reacting flowsChemistry, load balancing and computational costWall modelling in combustion LESGPU acceleration and solver redesignCoding agents for scientific softwareAI surrogate models and digital engineering workflowsSelected resourcesDaniel Mira and the Propulsion Technologies Grouphttps://ptg.bsc.es/?p=44Propulsion Technologies Group — research lineshttps://ptg.bsc.es/research-lines/BSC — Combustion researchhttps://www.bsc.es/research-development/research-areas/engineering-simulations/combustionCenter of Excellence in Combustion (CoEC)https://coec-project.eu/High-fidelity simulations of the mixing and combustion of a technically premixed hydrogen flamehttps://upcommons.upc.edu/entities/publication/08a27c10-cb13-4357-a3ab-8e9ec1d706ccChapters00:00 Podcast intro00:39 Introducing Daniel Mira03:00 Conversation begins04:55 Why combustion CFD is so hard10:23 Daniel's path into hydrogen and jet-engine combustion12:48 Hydrogen versus hydrocarbon combustion17:58 Industrial adoption of hydrogen20:54 Gas turbines, aviation and fuel infrastructure25:35 How jet engines must change30:43 Redesigning the whole aircraft34:46 What will trigger commercial adoption?37:27 Why aerospace projects take a decade42:14 RANS, LES and DNS for reacting flows44:31 Replacing expensive tests with high-fidelity CFD46:01 The biggest accuracy gaps in combustion LES49:26 Where the computational cost goes52:06 Chemistry, species and source-term bottlenecks55:35 Wall modelling in combustion LES59:49 GPUs, algorithms and solver redesign01:08:52 Can coding agents accelerate combustion CFD?01:12:27 AI surrogate models for combustion01:24:20 Closing thoughts

In a small, eight-week trial, participants who drank 1 liter of hydrogen-rich water daily showed higher GLP-1 levels than those drinking plain water Participants who consumed hydrogen-rich water experienced substantially larger reductions in food cravings than those who drank regular water, which may make it easier to resist unnecessary snacking The strongest improvements occurred in physical hunger-related cravings, which may reflect an effect on the body's appetite signals rather than simple appetite suppression, though the study did not test this mechanism directly Along with supporting appetite regulation, hydrogen-rich water improved subjective sleep quality and lowered both total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol without causing serious adverse effects Combining hydrogen-rich water with better gut health, adequate protein, easy-to-digest carbohydrates and the removal of seed oils may help create an environment where your body's natural appetite-control system can work more effectively

It's been nearly three years since the Biden Administration announced the Mid-Atlantic Clean Hydrogen Hub or MACH2 was among a series of “hydrogen hubs” selected to receive substantial federal grants and jumpstart the hydrogen fuel industry. Delaware was to be a part of MACH2.This week, Delaware finally saw the first real move to get the ball rolling on hydrogen production here. Aternium — a Wilmington-based company — announced it plans to build a hydrogen production facility in Dover.But Aternium said it isn't relying on MACH2 to be successful.Contributor Jon Hurdle took a closer look at their plans in Dover and where things stand with MACH2. He chatted with Tom Byrne earlier this week about what he learned.

Host: Tom Angus, Director of Conferences, Decarb ConnectGuest: Clay Bedwell, Associate Director of Platform and Partnerships, 3DegreesFor years, ambitious corporate renewable energy goals were built on simple targets and Excel spreadsheets. Today, those programs have expanded into complex portfolios spanning physical PPAs, virtual PPAs, spot RECs, green tariffs, and behind-the-meter solar across multiple jurisdictions. What was once a straightforward procurement task has quietly turned into a persistent drain on internal time, budget, and risk capacity.In this episode, Clay Bedwell outlines why software automation alone cannot solve modern portfolio friction, why customer revenue protection is redefining how organizations buy energy, and how sustainability teams can build a compelling case for portfolio risk management to skeptical CFOs.Key TakeawaysWhy corporate renewable portfolios have outgrown traditional spreadsheets.As organizations accumulate multiple contract types and counterparty arrangements, manual reconciliation becomes unmanageable. Escalating demands from internal stakeholders (spanning P&L impact queries from finance, audit preparation from sustainability, and target reporting from leadership) mean manual data aggregation is no longer operational.Customer revenue protection as a new driver for renewable allocation.Corporate buyers are no longer procuring renewable energy solely to meet internal target metrics. Using an example from the metals sector, Clay illustrates how commercial customers increasingly demand specific, audited renewable allocations before purchasing products. Demonstrating compliance at the customer level has transformed procurement into a tool for safeguarding revenue.The critical pairing of software platforms with human trading expertise.While software excels at routine PPA hygiene (such as invoice validation, production tracking, and contract management) it falls short during non-standard edge cases. Managing complex counterparty events, such as developer insolvencies or contract restructuring, requires direct market relationships and real-world trading experience alongside digital tools.How to frame the business case for skeptical CFOs.Repeatable financial value rarely comes from chasing quick, one-off PPA savings. Instead, the core ROI lies in portfolio risk management: stress-testing downside scenarios, evaluating long-term contract strips, and providing financial leadership with the confidence to scale programs responsibly as standards evolve.Navigating policy shifts and future-proofing buying strategies.With upcoming changes to the SBTi Corporate Net-Zero Standard and GHG Protocol Scope 2 guidance, corporate buyers must shift from short-term compliance mindsets to long-term strategic planning. Early adopters are moving away from bloated PPA exposure toward structured portfolio risk models and 24/7 carbon-free energy tracking.LinksConnect with Tom Angus on LinkedIn and discover how to engage with the Decarb Connect community.Connect with Clay Bedwell on LinkedIn.Learn more about 3Degrees Meridian.Sign up for the Decarb Connect Newsletter: Industrial EdgeLearn more about Industrial Connect Group's global events and membership network. 

Aviation is being reimagined for a changing planet: Vertical take-off passenger cars for city centres. Hydrogen powered planes for zero carbon travel. Hyper-sonic flights to take the London to Sydney journey to under two hours. Kelly Latimer, US Aerospace engineer, flight test pilot, and former Flight Test Director of Virgin Galactic; Rob Miller, Net-zero aviation pioneer and Director of the Whittle Lab at Cambridge University, UK and Daniel Moczydlower, president of the Brazilian future aircraft innovators, Embraer-X, join BBC presenter Caroline Steel on stage in London, to discuss their trailblazing work and answer questions from a live audience at the Royal Geographical Society, London.

Crystal Ball tells all about her background at the Bonneville Power Administration, PNUCC's Northwest Regional Forecast, gas-electric coordination, and how power is all about people.

The latest episode of the Energy Horizons series on Greenberg Traurig's E2 Energy Law podcast is now live. Host Bill Garner, Global Co-Chair of GT's Energy and Natural Resources Practice, sits down with Tom Brill, an Energy Practice shareholder in GT's San Diego office, to discuss the shifting federal and state policy landscape for the U.S. hydrogen industry. Their conversation opens with an examination of the Inflation Reduction Act's foundational hydrogen incentives, including the Section 45V Clean Hydrogen Production Tax Credit, as well as the Section 45Q carbon sequestration credit and provisions for direct pay and transferability. Tom then walks through how the 2025 One Big Beautiful Bill Act altered the playing field, most notably by compressing the construction start deadline for the 45V credit from 2033 to 2028, while leaving the credit itself intact and expanding support for certain carbon sequestration, biofuel, and nuclear projects. They address the Foreign Entity of Concern (FEOC) rules and their supply chain implications, the funding cuts to select regional hydrogen hubs, and the growing importance of state-level incentives and mandates - including California's Low Carbon Fuel Standard, cap-and-trade programs, and renewable portfolio standards - as counterweights to federal uncertainty. The episode closes with practical guidance for project developers and investors: move quickly to meet tightened federal deadlines, analyze both federal and state incentive stacks, identify high-value destination markets and end uses, and build projects designed to remain viable even as the policy landscape continues to evolve.

At the Robinson Research Institute in Wellington, researchers are developing powerful superconducting magnets for space, fusion and MRI applications. Claire Concannon visits the labs to learn about a small magnet's trip to the International Space Station, and how much bigger magnets are powering nuclear fusion research. She also meets the team working on a hydrogen-based way to make iron from New Zealand iron sand, removing carbon dioxide emissions from the first step of steelmaking. Sign up to the Our Changing World monthly newsletter for episode backstories, science analysis and more.In this episode:(00:00) Professor Nick Long on watching the Hēki magnet arrive at the International Space Station(04:20) Dr Nick Strickland on making superconducting magnets robust and useful(08:38) Fusion magnets and future research questions for Open Star Technologies(11:05) Professor Chris Bumby on why steelmaking produces carbon dioxide(15:20) Ben Rumsey on hydrogen reactors and producing direct reduced iron(19:50) Cullbeck Limited and plans to scale up the process(23:10) How the New Zealand Institute for Advanced Technology works…Go to this episode on rnz.co.nz for more details

We return to discussing hydrogen fuel vehicles. A new one is hitting the market. We smoke the AJ Fernandez San Lotano with Knob Creek 12.

The world's leading aerospace company shows that successful innovation is not just about technical breakthroughs. Consumer demand, financial viability and a functioning ecosystem are crucial for an innovation to move from the drawing board to a commercially viable reality.That's according to INSEAD professors Manuel Sosa and Adrian Johnson, in their conversation with Harsh Shah, a leading expert on Hydrogen fuel in the aviation sector. In this INSEAD Knowledge podcast, they discussed Airbus's 2020 public commitment to bring the world's first hydrogen-powered commercial aircraft to market by 2035.  Despite making major strides in developing the technical innovations needed to achieve this aim, Airbus ultimately had to push back their deadline due to challenges beyond their control. Sosa explains that this case underlines the fact that any company introducing innovations needs to consider the desirability, feasibility and viability framework of innovation if it has any real chance of success.As Shah put it, they were faced with a classic chicken-and-egg scenario: Airlines wouldn't commit without infrastructure, and infrastructure wouldn't get built without demand. His proposed solution was greater government intervention and financial incentives that absorbed cost premiums in the early stages, similar to those in other sectors, such as wind energy.As Johnson concludes, pushing back a deadline shouldn't be seen as failure; it's what learning through experimentation actually looks like when the stakes, and the ambition, are this high.Read the related INSEAD Knowledge article and the two INSEAD Cases exploring the challenges faced by Airbus. 

WWJ auto analyst John McElroy says it isn't hard to get a gasoline engine to run on hydrogen, but there's one big problem--the cost of a gas tank.

- Lucid Stock Up 24% On Big Investment - Ford Q2: Investors Like What They're Hearing - Earthquake Shuts Some Japan Production - Nissan and Honda to Share Software Development - Audi's Giant Q9 SUV - BMW To Axe Another 8,000 Jobs - Audi Workers Protest Plant Closing - Chinese Co to Make 300,000 Axial Flux Motors - Mahle's Hydrogen ICE Tech

- Lucid Stock Up 24% On Big Investment - Ford Q2: Investors Like What They're Hearing - Earthquake Shuts Some Japan Production - Nissan and Honda to Share Software Development - Audi's Giant Q9 SUV - BMW To Axe Another 8,000 Jobs - Audi Workers Protest Plant Closing - Chinese Co to Make 300,000 Axial Flux Motors - Mahle's Hydrogen ICE Tech

This week, host Daniel Raimi brings Ishan Sharma on the podcast to discuss the beginnings of the geologic hydrogen industry. Sharma, director and founder of a fund at Renaissance Philanthropy that seeks to grow hydrogen into a competitive energy provider, draws upon the trajectories of sectors such as oil and gas—and newer additions, like geothermal energy—to argue that with enough investment, the abundant hydrogen gas trapped beneath the Earth's surface could be a major player in the energy game. As hydrogen is a natural output of common chemical reactions, such as the interaction of iron and water, there's no shortage of the resource; the issue is how to find it. While interest in geologic hydrogen is ramping up, the industry faces feasibility issues related to incomplete public information, lack of understanding about the subsurface world, and regulatory voids—however, Sharma believes this low-carbon source has a bright future. References and recommendations: Chimaera Fund; https://www.renaissancephilanthropy.org/chimaera-fund “Designing a Life That Matters” episode of the “Hidden Brain” podcast; https://www.hiddenbrain.org/podcast/designing-a-life-that-matters/ “Odd Lots” podcast from Bloomberg; https://www.bloomberg.com/oddlots “Ministry for the Future” book; https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/kim-stanley-robinson/the-ministry-for-the-future/9780316300162/ Subscribe to stay up to date on podcast episodes, news, and research from Resources for the Future: https://www.rff.org/subscribe/

Chair Tawney discusses her path to being a regulator, the challenges and opportunities of meeting rising demand in Oregon, and how it relates to knitting!

Researchers say it can cut steelmaking from an eight-hour process down to two minutes. 

In this episode, host Doug Beitz sits down with ZuZu Armes, a holistic health educator, author, speaker, and co-founder of Holistic Health Educators and the Lilyfield's Retreat Center. After reversing multiple chronic illnesses in her own body—including epilepsy—Zuzu has dedicated decades to helping thousands restore vibrant health through plant-based nutrition, mineral density, and frequency healing.  Doug and ZuZu explore how altering your diet directly impacts your electrical system, mental clarity, worldview, and intuitive capacity. They dive deep into the science of bioavailable minerals, vibrational frequencies of high- versus low-energy foods, gut and cellular restoration, natural hormone balance, and practical steps men can take to regain energy, focus, and long-term vitality.  Resources & Links Mentioned • ZuZu's Website: zuzuunleashed.com (Download the free "Fueling for Life" eBook & pH Chart) • Platform & Retreat: Holistic Health Educators & Lilyfield's Retreat Center  • Book Mentioned: Eat to Live by Dr. Joel Fuhrman  Connect with the Guests: Website: https://www.zuzuunleashed.com  Holistic Health Educators: https://www.holistichealtheducators.com  Lily Fields Retreat Center: https://lillyfieldscenter.com  Social Media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zuzu_unleashed/  Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ZuZuUnleashed Connect with Doug Beitz: Email: info@dougbeitz.com Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/dougbeitz/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/dougbeitz/ Website: https://buymeacoffee.com/dougbeitz Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/6mQ258nugC3lyw3SpvYuoK?si=7cec409527d34438 Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/au/podcast/intuitive-conversations-with-doug/id1593172364 LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/doug-beitz-472a4b338/ TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@dougbeitz178

Episode: 1604 In which hydrogen balloons bind science to technology.  Today, hydrogen -- in 1783.

First, we speak with The Indian Express' Alok Deshpande about an announcement made by Sharad Pawar's NCP(SP). Working party president and Lok Sabha MP Supriya Sule said that the party would support the Centre's proposed delimitation Bill, but with one condition, that it must provide for a 50% increase in Lok Sabha seats across all states. Alok talks about the condition, what it means for the party and more. Next, we speak with The Indian Express' Dheeraj Mishra about India's first hydrogen train that will be inaugurated by PM Modi, today. He discusses what it means for the Indian Railways, why it is a milestone, how it is environment friendly, and how a hydrogen train works. (9:54)Lastly, we talk about mission Aagman, India's first-ever attempt to use a privately developed launch vehicle to place a payload into orbit. (20:14)Hosted by Niharika NandaProduced by Ichha Sharma and Niharika NandaEdited and mixed by Suresh Pawar

This episode of People in Power features Danielle Hughes, a long-time resident of Lake Tahoe and CEO of Tahoe Spark (Supporting Permanent Affordable Residential Kilowatts). Tahoe Spark is a 501(c)(4) nonprofit regional energy and public policy organization focused on energy affordability, climate resilience, infrastructure transparency, and regulatory oversight in Liberty Utilities' California service territory. According to Hughes, Liberty residential utility customers lack a say in energy planning and procurement, a situation she says state energy regulators are allowing to happen. She also explores issues around the process by which Liberty is going about securing a new energy supply contract after its previous one was canceled by NV Energy.

Listen to the latest SBS Hindi news from India. 17/07/2026

Host: Alex Cameron, Founder & CEO, Industrial Connect Group LtdGuest: Grant Budge, CEO, PeroCycleEurope spent somewhere between eight and ten billion euros on hydrogen and CCS projects over the last decade. Grant Budge's rough calculation is that the same capital, deployed into carbon capture and utilisation, could have been removing three to six million tonnes of CO2 per year by now. Instead, we have a handful of projects that never crossed the line and an industry still arguing about infrastructure that doesn't exist. Grant was there for CCS v1.0. He knows why it stalled, and he has a clear view on what we keep getting wrong, as well as what could help drive the right capital to the right tech. PeroCycle is CEO of a team converting CO2 into carbon monoxide on site, no pipeline, no offsite infrastructure, negative cost of carbon abatement on a DRI steel plant at current European energy prices. That's the claim. In this episode, Grant walks through how they got there, what could still break it, and why the deeper problem in industrial decarbonization isn't the technology at all.Key Takeaways1.     Why large corporate balance sheets have been part of the problem, not the solution. The assumption that big companies with big balance sheets would lead deployment shaped a decade of policy. Grant explains why that logic kept failing, and what it meant for the technologies that got backed as a result.2.     The real reason hydrogen and CCS absorbed so much capital for so little output. It wasn't just bad technology choices. Grant traces it back to how the direction was set in the first place, and who was driving that conversation.3.     What a global database of validated decarbonization technologies would actually change. Right now, an industrial company trying to compare options has no independent source to go to. Grant makes the case for why that gap exists, who could fill it, and what it would have meant if it had existed ten years ago.4.     How PeroCycle moved from a cost of plus $50-60 per tonne of CO2 abated to minus $80. The engineering decisions behind that shift, and what they tell you about where most tech developers are leaving value on the table.5.     The stage gate that will make or break the business case. Scaling to the steel sector means a first-of-kind plant costing $250-300 million for a pre-revenue startup. Grant explains the strategy for getting there without that number killing the story with investors.6.     Why nickel and glass might matter more to PeroCycle right now than steel. The biggest market isn't always the right first market. Grant's thinking on this is worth hearing by anyone building deep tech for heavy industry.7.     What investors actually want to see from industrial tech companies at TRL 4-5. Grant has been on both sides of this conversation. His read on what separates companies that keep the conversation alive from those that get screened out early is direct and practical.Links: ·       Follow Alex Cameron on LinkedIn and find how to get involved with the membership and work of Decarb Connect·       Connect with Grant Budge, CEO, PeroCycle·       Find out more about Perocycle and its projects·       Join Alex and a network of hardtech investors and series B+ tech disruptors at Decarb TechInvest in Boston (September 2025)·       Sign up for our newsletter Want to learn more about Decarb Connect?We provide insights and introductions that derisk decision-making and support industrial leaders in deploying decarbonization and low carbon product strategy. Our global membership platform, events and facilitated introductions support commercial decarb planning and business models around the world. Our clients include the most energy-intensive industrials from cement, metals and mining, glass, ceramics, chemicals, O&G and many more along with technology disruptors, investors and advisors.  If you enjoyed this conversation, find out about our portfolio of events in US, Canada, UK and Europe – or explore our Decarbonisation Leaders Network (DLN), and learn why more than 200 members from the energy-intensive sectors have joined to share insights, meet partners who can accelerate their plans and why it's the most valuable network of its kind.   

Pete Johnson, Co-founder and CEO of Koloma, joins Inevitable to break down geologic hydrogen — naturally occurring hydrogen found deep underground — and why he believes it could be the first new primary energy source since nuclear power in the 1950s. Koloma has raised more than $400 million from Khosla Ventures, Breakthrough Energy Ventures, Amazon's Climate Pledge Fund, Osaka Gas, and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, and holds roughly 20 million acres of exploration rights across the U.S. Midcontinent, the Philippines, Australia, and Canada. Pete explains why Koloma's first commercial target isn't power generation but ammonia and fertilizer production in the U.S. Midwest, where farmers pay a $150-per-ton premium on imported ammonia. He walks through the geology of where natural hydrogen forms, how Koloma's 25-year proprietary subsurface dataset shapes its exploration strategy, what it actually takes to prove a commercial-scale discovery, and how he separates genuine clean-hydrogen economics from tax-credit-driven projects. Episode recorded on June 24, 2026 (Published July 14, 2026) In this episode, we cover:  [0:00] Intro: Pete Johnson and Koloma's geologic hydrogen bet [2:02] What "Koloma" means — and the gold rush origin story [3:31] Where geologic hydrogen actually forms [7:07] The Iowa project and why the resource lines up with demand [7:51] The $150/ton ammonia premium hitting Midwest farmers [10:53] Why hydrogen pipelines aren't the real bottleneck  [13:52] Koloma's model: exploration engine, not driller [15:12] What makes hydrogen exploration so hard [18:13] How big a discovery needs to be to matter commercially [22:39] Power vs. ammonia: how end use changes the math [23:50] The Philippines opportunity and energy security stakes [28:48] Pete's path: solar, Monolith Materials, and stumbling into hydrogen [35:53] Sorting real clean hydrogen from a tax credit grab [38:52] Current state of Koloma: 20 million acres and what's next [42:04] Where Koloma needs help — policy and data Enjoyed this episode? Please leave us a review! Share feedback or suggest future topics and guests at info@mcj.vc.Connect with MCJ:Cody Simms on LinkedInVisit mcj.vcSubscribe to the MCJ Newsletter*Editing and post-production work for this episode was provided by The Podcast Consultant

Cigar Nerds Podcast: Spider Noir. This week we’re getting a little dark as we fade to black and talk about Spider Noir. Don’t forget your fedoras for this episode. In science we discuss Nasa rebooting bio dome, Hydrogen powered city, human potatoes, and eye transplants. In Nerd News we talk about Cyberpunk 2, Godzilla Minus […]

Rosemary previews Pardalote’s new hands-on blade repair course. EverWind’s Ocean Lake, Canada’s largest wind project, will feed a green hydrogen and ammonia plant in Nova Scotia rather than the grid. Plus BP’s exit from an offshore project in Japan, and the wake-effect lawsuit pitting SSE, Equinor, and Vårgrønn against RWE’s Dogger Bank South. Sign up now for Uptime Tech News, our weekly newsletter on all things wind technology. This episode is sponsored by Weather Guard Lightning Tech. Learn more about Weather Guard’s StrikeTape Wind Turbine LPS retrofit. Follow the show on YouTube, Linkedin and visit Weather Guard on the web. And subscribe to Rosemary’s “Engineering with Rosie” YouTube channel here. Have a question we can answer on the show? Email us! The Uptime Wind Energy podcast, brought to you by StrikeTape. Protecting thousands of wind turbines from lightning damage worldwide. Visit striketape.com. And now your hosts Allen Hall 2025: Welcome to the Uptime Wind Energy podcast. I’m your host, Allen Hall. I’m here with Matthew Stead, Yolanda Padron, and Rosemary Barnes is back this week.  Rosemary, you’ve been to a number of training courses over the last couple of weeks. The first off was GWO. What was your experience at GWO training?  Rosemary1: It was the fourth or maybe even fifth time that I’ve done it. Um, I did it a few times in Denmark and then, uh, this is the second time doing it in Australia. also, this was my first time doing first aid in Australia. Last time they did GWO here, but my first aid was still valid from Europe, so I, I didn’t redo it. And it’s like so much about [00:01:00] snakes and spiders and jellyfish But a good, good rule of thumb, not 100% accurate, but good rule of thumb, if it is something from the ocean that stung you, then you put something warm on it, and if it’s something from the land that stung or bit you, then something cold on it, Allen Hall 2025: well, how often do you usually take GWO training? Rosemary1: You gotta do it every two years to be valid. I don’t do it every two years because, um, if you do it every two years, like within two years, then you can do the refresher course. So that’s three days instead of four However, um, because I don’t climb constantly, like often it will be six months or more in between climbs, I’ll just do it before I know that I’ve got a climb. all the other people except for one were technicians who, you know, have been working for a while. So they’re also doing the full course, not the refresher. So they get a little bit more practice than I do. But, um, it’s just not often enough. Y-you know, like every time I go it’s like I, I really feel the need to have the refresher, um, because I’m just not fully on top of it. ‘Cause it’s [00:02:00] not just that you need to know what to do. You need to be able to… Like if you need to use it, you’re gonna be freaking out, you know? This is the worst thing that’s probably ever happened in your life, and now you’ve gotta remember all your training. It’s like you want it to be actually second nature to some extent. So yeah, first day is manual handling, which is v- you know, very– That one’s very easy and I would be happy to never do that again. Like I will always remember that. Um, then you got fire, um, fire safety awareness, and that one’s just fun ’cause you just get to, um, light fires and put stuff out then first aid, which I definitely always want a refresher on. The CPR dummies at this place, they had lights, um, and it lit up green if you were doing it right, and I haven’t used a dummy that was so advanced before, so that was quite good. I realized I wasn’t pressing hard enough. and then yeah, last two days is working at heights training, which is the most intense ’cause you got your harness on all day and, um, you know, climbing up and down and rescuing people. this was Rite Training in Goulburn, and, um, the [00:03:00] instructor’s name was Claire. highly recommend doing that one. Allen Hall 2025: Is that a general requirement in Australia that you have GWO before you can climb? Rosemary1: Like, yeah, they will sometimes, um, let you climb if you are babysat by people. I would not recommend other engineers, like if you’ve never climbed a wind turbine before, like I would really not recommend that you just go up with a team and haven’t done the training because you do need to be able to use a ladder safely and, um, you can, y- you can easily, like even inside the nacelle, you could easily hurt yourself really badly if you’re used to working in an office, uh, you’re upping your danger level by, you know, like many, many, many times by going up a turbine and it’s just something that you gotta take seriously. Allen Hall 2025: How busy are the courses in Australia? Are a lot of technicians trying to get in and get trained?  Rosemary1: No, it’s people that have a job that are getting trained. But there were heaps of techs in this course. There were maybe eight or so, which is also part of the reason why it took a really long time. Allen Hall 2025: So [00:04:00] this week, as we record, y- you’re presenting a blade repair course for engineers and technicians. a completely new area that you’re, uh, going into in terms of offering advice and expertise that it’s really hard to find on the planet. It’s probably a, a, a busy or, or requested course, I would imagine, in Australia, where you just don’t have access to a lot of the manufacturers. Rosemary2: it’s a, it’s a course for just for engineers or technical type people, um, but including hands-on stuff. So the way that I I forced this to come into being was just the last five years. I, um, you know, I started working a lot on wind turbine blade repairs and, um, people would ask me, you know, “Have these repairs been done right?” And the thing is that the only repairs that I had anything to do with when I was working at LM were weirdo ones, right? [00:05:00] Where the normal, like a technician couldn’t, couldn’t handle it. It was outside of, um, yeah, their, their standard, uh, kind of repairs that they can do for whatever reason. and now in the work that we do at Part Load, it’s primarily normal repairs, and I just didn’t know exactly what technicians know. You know, how do they, how do they know whether they can repair it or not? What do they know before they go up there? When are they calling the engineer? Um, all that sort of stuff, like the normal stuff. eventually it became less about me learning, ’cause like I said, I kind of picked up most of it. Um, but now I’ve got staff that I’m training up to be, uh, you know, composites engineers and to work with these kinds of issues. There’s a lot of repetitive tasks involved in what we do when we, like, assess the condition of a wind farm. A lot of what we do is look main- manually looking through photos and thing- if things are classified right or not. I [00:06:00] Found this guy from Direct Wind Services, Jurij Eska. He’s a blade engineer. He’s worked in Europe and then come back to Australia, so a little bit like me. And, um, I just worked with him on a few projects and I’m like, “Oh, okay. Well, this guy, uh, he really gets it.” And I asked him, “How do you, how do you train your technicians? What course do they do? Maybe I can do that course.” And he said, “Oh, we train them ourselves.” And so then I asked him to put this course together. So where we started off the course yesterday, that was, um, uh, an indoor session where I was talking through how are blades designed, uh, certified, tested, manufactured, um, what kinds of manufacturing defects can you see and what do they do about them in the factory? ‘Cause you know that they’re doing a lot of repairs in the factory already before you ever see a, a brand new blade. and then the next three days we’re going to be working on, um, yeah, grinding and [00:07:00] infusions and a bit of a, a bit of theory about, um, composite repairs.  Allen Hall 2025: What do you feel like are those key skill sets that engineers should know how to do, maybe not as well as a, a professional technician that does it a lot, but at least at a beginner’s level should be able to complete them before they start repairing blades on their own and giving advice about how to repair blades? What, what are those key items? Rosemary2: part of it is that I want them to be able to understand what is a bad damage and what’s not a bad damage cause you look a lot at images from the outside, but it’s really about what’s on the inside and how deep it goes is the real thing. So, um, it’ll be about learning, you know, developing some judgment about, um, how bad it can be and how bad it can look on the outside. We’re not gonna be looking at so many real damages ’cause like obviously we’re just dealing with pieces that are in the, um, in the, uh, workshop and Yuri has [00:08:00] made some samples for us, um, purposely made them badly so that we’ve got some, you know, damage to find. Allen Hall 2025: Are you addressing carbon fiber at all? Rosemary2: Uh, I actually haven’t asked about that. I don’t think so. Carbon fiber is, um, is a real pain to work with because it’s conductive. Like, even grinding it makes a bit of a hazardous work environment. We did talk a little bit about the different materials yesterday and, um, about pultrusions. And actually, it turns out Yuri used to work somewhere where they, uh, manufactured pultrusions, and I had always, I was always under the impression that a pultrusion is, you know, like, perfectly s- perfectly straight. That’s the point. And he’s like, “No way.” No way. There’s waviness in the pultrusions  Allen Hall 2025: And on March 3rd through 5th at WOMA 2027, Rosie, you’re gonna give part of this course as part of WOMA, right? Rosemary2: Little, little mini course. We’ll have to decide what, what makes sense to include, ’cause it was… Yeah, I went through really a, a fair [00:09:00]bit about blades yesterday, you know, like why they are shaped the way that they are. So we had to talk about aerodynamics and, um, why they’re made of composite. So we had to talk about, you know, like composite materials, like how, how they, how they work So I don’t know if, uh, people wanna write in comments that m- we should, we should do some sort of, um, poll beforehand to see what are the topics that are most interesting to people, ’cause I think we’ll have a half day, right? So we’ll need to be, we’ll need to be focused. Allen Hall 2025: the description of repairs and what repairs should look like could be tremendously valuable. Everybody who has seen a repair always wonders, “Was that repair done right?” And s- and if you can have some general tools to know, like, “Uh, maybe there’s something not quite right here,” or, “That looks like a solid repair,” that would be a tremendous help to the industry, p- particularly for asset managers Rosemary2: Yeah. And you know what I think is even more useful than being able to pick out when it’s wrong is to be able to know when it’s right. You can– Y-you know, like it is so– [00:10:00] It’s such a relief. Like it takes such a mental load off you when you’re just like, “Yeah, that’s all, that’s all good. That’s normal. Okay, I know that that– I knew that that would happen, so this is not a surprise.” ‘ know, once you know you can make that judgment, you can do it very quickly and focus your attention where it should be, so you don’t need to stress for an hour over every repair. You’re just like, “Yeah. Good, good, good, good, good.” And then, “Mm, please explain why you have chosen to not, not repair this, but just put a Band-Aid over it.” that’s the goal of this training is to get everybody, y-you know, technical people, not people who wanna ever be a blade repair technician. They’ve got their own training that covers what they need to know. But this one is just, yeah, getting people like asset managers or my employees to learn what they need to know about composites, given that they have already got a strong engineering education. So, um, you know, they know a lot of the stuff, but just need to know the composite-specific stuff and wind turbine blade-specific stuff I will run this course again, by the [00:11:00] way, ’cause there was a lot of people who wanted to do it I couldn’t fit in. So it’ll happen at least once. I’ll keep on running it until everybody that wants to do it has, has done it. But, um, yeah, feel free to get in touch  Allen Hall 2025: So if you wanna attend Rosie’s short blade course at WOMA 2027, just visit woma2027.com and register today ​ Allen Hall 2025: [00:12:00] Well, over in Canada, they just approved a, really a wind farm big enough to power a small city, and almost none of the electricity is going to the grid, which is a very interesting aspect to some of the things that are happening in Canada at the minute. So up in Nova Scotia, uh, they’ve conditionally approved the Ocean Lake Wind Project. This’d be the largest wind farm in the province’s history. Up to 158 turbines will rise, uh, generating as much as 1.2 gigawatts of power. But this power is not headed to households in Canada. Nearly all of it will be feeding Everwind Fuels’ green hydrogen and ammonia plant at Point Tupper, where clean electrons will become a fuel that can be shipped across the ocean to Europe. And Matthew, there’s been a lot of [00:13:00] projects like this in Europe that have stopped more recently, particularly in northern Europe and up in Scandinavia, uh, on the hydrogen side. Or at least they’ve slowed them down. Canada seems to be going into that breach maybe to fill that void. And is there a marketplace for this to occur up in Canada?  Matthew Stead: Yeah, I think it’s very interesting. Um, you know, like you say, a number of canceled projects, and in Australia there’s been numerous canceled projects. So I like, um, the analogy or use of the term hopium rather than hydrogen, um, where, um, everyone’s hoping hydrogen will be the answer. Um, although, you know, what I, what I’ve read and understood is that, um, you know, the commercials just don’t really stack up and, um, yeah. So in terms of South Australia anyway, um, there was some major, um, hydrogen, uh, development planned with, um, you know, it, it never stacked up. So, you know, it sounds like a great [00:14:00] idea, um, but I’m not sure that the commercials will ever stack up unless you’ve got that guaranteed offtake for the, for the ammonium Allen Hall 2025: Yolanda, what kind of uphill battle is this to get this wind farm up and running knowing that it’s one customer and that commercial market is a little shaky at the minute? Yolanda Padron: what we saw, they have a lot of ca- caveats, right? So they’ve, they need to secure the customers before they start building and before they do anything, um, behind the meter. But it’s, I mean, it’s, it’s a pretty big wind farm, and it’s pretty far up north. But I mean, we, we talked to someone in, in northern US today who was having icing issues. So I mean, of course we know Canada is no, no stranger to that, if they do make it work, I think it’d be really, really exciting to, to have sort of one technology power another, um, instead of just what we’ve been hearing a lot of the potential data centers and, and just wind po- [00:15:00] powering data centers. Matthew Stead: Why not data centers? You know, seriously, like you said, Yolanda. why not go something that does have commercial demand? Yolanda Padron: we’ve talked a lot about the potential of da- data centers, right? And we’ve talked a lot about people wanting to do them. Um, but there’s also a lot of talk of potentially doing data centers up in space and a lot of talk of maybe what if we do it offshore or, you know. And so I think there’s a lot of what ifs with data centers. Of course, there’s a lot of what if with this, but just from a technology standpoint, I think this is really intriguing to have something that’s, that’s a little bit even more out there than what we’ve heard so far Allen Hall 2025: Is it a build it and they will come type of s- situation here that hydrogen and ammonia may be the, the first offtake, but realistically, if that doesn’t work out, they can still connect to the grid and feed Canada, feed the Northeast of the United States or something else Matthew Stead: Also, um, like Japan has [00:16:00] also expressed strong demand for, um, ammonia, and so, you know, they- they’re on the East Coast, aren’t they? So, you know, shipping it from East Coast to Japan is not gonna be so, so easy. I stick by what I said before. It’s hopium. it’s not a plan Allen Hall 2025: I just saw an article today talking about Airbus continuing on with a hydrogen aircraft, and I think they were gonna work with a Japanese firm to work on that together. Six months ago I thought that died, but maybe it’s still in the offering. Maybe there’s an offtake for hydrogen. B- besides the, you know, replacement for some of the, uh, more unpleasant gases that are used in steel production and in some other industry things, maybe part of this is airplane fuel. Which ammonia is one of those offerings also, right? The, there’s been a number of efforts to turn ammonia fuel into essentially jet fuel. They configure the engines to burn ammonia, which is a possibility. It does seem remote though, [00:17:00] honestly. There doesn’t seem to be a huge pull for hydrogen, and there’s not a, a major market for ammonia at at least at the moment. So I don’t know. It, it’s… When you’re talking about gigawatts of capacity you’re gonna build, you, you hopefully have an offtake  for it  Yolanda Padron: if they designed it for it being not connected to the grid, right, it just is kind of like a behind the meter thing, and then could they later retrofit it into there? Like, how would all that permitting and everything  Allen Hall 2025: I–  well, that’s a great question. I– There are a number of, uh, connections between the United States and Canada at the moment. guess is that when they place this wind farm, they have that alternate route lined up, just like any wind farm in here in the States, that you’ll find them real close to high-voltage transmission lines. Generally, those are the easy ones because transmission lines cost money and take time for permitting. I’m not sure Canada has those kind of restrictions, right? But Nova Scotia is not the easiest place in the world to do heavy construction work, just the [00:18:00] nature of Nova Scotia. It will be fascinating to see how they progress with this, but it’s something to keep an eye on because a lot of other projects like this have slowed down Matthew Stead: Do you remember when some of the OEMs were talking about, um, putting electrolyzers on their offshore wind turbines? So the, the theory, the theory was you’ve got offshore wind turbine, you don’t connect it to the grid standalone, um, and you generate hydrogen or, uh, possibly ammonia on the actual wind turbine. And then every now and then you just decant it, you know, drive up with a boat, you know, plug in the hose, and then suck out the hydrogen or ammonia. So, um, yeah, once again, all of those have gone quiet, haven’t  they?  Allen Hall 2025: speaking of Japan, a global oil giant is walking away from the Japanese offshore wind project, uh, but the project’s not dying. BP has told its Japanese partners it intends to withdraw from a wind farm planned off Yamagata Prefecture, uh, apparently worried about [00:19:00] profitability. The 450-megawatt project sits, uh, just off the coast, and it is led by trading house Marubeni, which says it will press ahead without BP. Kansai Electric and Tokyo Gas remain on board also. So BP’s exit follows really a, a brutal year for Japan, where Mitsubishi has, and some others, have pulled out of, uh, at least three projects so far, uh, over rising construction costs, and I think a lot of that’s tied to inflation. Uh, the ambition’s still there for, uh, for a number of companies, but it’s just getting harder and harder to do projects in Japan. Is this just the nature of the economy in Japan at the moment, or is this more about Japanese policy on the offtake,  Matthew Stead: I, I’m not really deep into the details but, you know, it just appears to me like a blip. I mean, there, I think there’s a lot of commitment in Japan to, you know, carry [00:20:00] out their offshore developments and I, I think this is probably more just a blip, um, and a little, you know, internal corporate, you know, argument rather than a sustained issue on offtake agreements and so forth Allen Hall 2025: Well, Yolanda, how hard is it to keep partners on a wind development in general? Are there a lot of moving pieces there until the turbines hit the water or hit the  earth?  there’s  Yolanda Padron: I think a lot of moving pieces, but not, uh, I haven’t seen a lot of changes once it’s been publicly announced and everything’s, you know, everything’s been signed and everything. Um, I do think this is really interesting. I know we’ve talked a lot about, about having, about the idea of like sometimes people think wind’s really expensive, and the way that we’re gonna make wind work is just making it cheaper for everybody and just optimizing it as much as possible, um, and, and just being, having the turbines be as resilient as possible, right? And I think such a strong player just backing out maybe [00:21:00] will incentivize some of the people in Japan to sort of try to see how they can optimize it a little bit more. I’m really excited to see it. I don’t know. It’d be… I think it’d be a nice it  Allen Hall 2025: Isn’t the bonus to offshore wind the price stability? Although the price may be higher today than you may be happy to pay, the stability of that price is a huge leverage point when you compare it to things like oil and gas or natural gas, um, in particular, which are highly volatile, that for electricity, at least you have this fairly steady source at a fixed price that you can plan out 10 years, 20 years, 25 years, maybe even 30 years. And as batteries become more prevalent on the grid, that the math even gets better over the years. Isn’t that the bonus? And, and if [00:22:00] everybody can focus on the long-term effects to the economy is where all the action will be? Matthew Stead: Yeah, I mean, when I first, um, started looking into wind, you know, 10 plus years ago, I, I won- wondered why. Why would you build offshore with all that expense? And then, you know, it became clear to me just around the, um, you know, the diversity, you know, the, the fact that you might get more wind at times that you don’t get onshore wind, and the fact that it’s more consistent. Um, yeah, and, you know, so those… I- it’s really a trade-off, isn’t it? Between the capital costs and the, um, more reliable, more consistent, um, offshore wind. So I think, you know, I, I was convinced at the start, I thought it was crazy, but then obviously it’s, it’s a, it’s a… it makes sense Yolanda Padron: Yeah, I agree. And I think, uh, depending on where you’re having your offshore wind farm, you run into things that you maybe haven’t run into before, right? I know onshore we run into a lot of things in the [00:23:00]US and Australia that we, you know, the, the turbines just maybe weren’t designed for, or there wasn’t a lot of research being done because it was being done in Europe and, and the conditions are really different. Um, and just the same way, you know, the sea is different in different places. There’s different depths. There are diff- different things that you need to worry about. but yeah, I, I completely agree that there’s a lot more generation, um, offshore. It’s, it’s bigger turbines. Um, there can be bigger, larger costs. You know, if you need to do a blade replacement or something, it, it can get, again, really expensive really quickly. But, but it’s, it’s a trade-off for sure. Allen Hall 2025: We’re gonna take a quick break, but when we come back, we wanna talk about a place where wind is being fought over versus projects slowing down ​ [00:24:00] over in the UK, there’s a big fight about offshore wind, and not just about where wind turbines will be planted, but more about how they will affect other wind turbines. So RWE is defending the UK government’s approval of its three-gigawatt Dogger Bank South project, which won its consent order, uh, basically a month and a half ago. Uh, but the developers next door are taking that approval to court. Equinor, SSE, Vårgrön own the neighboring 3.6-gigawatt Dogger Bank wind farm, and they have filed for j-judicial review. Their argument is technical, but the price tag is not. They say wake effects, where one wind farm steals the wind from another due to turbulence, could cut their output and cost them between €500 million and [00:25:00] €669 million over the life of their project. That’s a lot of money, Matthew. A half a million euros is not something to ignore. It looks like this is headed to some judicial court or maybe arbitration. Wake effects, which are actually not that well understood from what I can tell at the moment, there’s a lot of discussion and argument about, uh, how real are they or, or what effect they can have on power output. Uh, there’s a lot of money at stake, and the location of some of these wind farms is pretty close to one  another  Matthew Stead: you know, we always, always talk about, you know, AEP loss and, you know, the, the challenge is actually measuring it. And, um, you know, I’ve heard different numbers, but, you know, plus or minus half a percent of AEP loss, um, appears to me from what– in discussions, you know, the, the limit of what you can actually ever measure on a good day. Um, I just wonder, I mean, while those numbers, you know, €500, um, [00:26:00] million is a, is a big number, um, but what is that as a percentage of the overall output of that, of that facility? Um, I, I don’t know the answer, but, you know, if, if it’s, you know, half a percent, I think you’d be struggling to, um, struggling to justify that, that wake effect loss. I mean, you know, going back to what you said, Allen, you know, there are wake effects of some sort, but it’s a question of how much. I mean, that-that’s why aircraft don’t take off, um, too closely, isn’t it? Because there’s wake effects. Um, so it’s definitely a given, definitely a given. Um, but, you know, how much of an impact it truly is. Um, and I mean, there’s always other variables, you know, variables in the weather, you know, wind patterns, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, and how much do this– does this actually compare to those other, other variables?  Allen Hall 2025: Yolanda, how would you even mitigate wake turbulence on an adjacent wind farm? Are there ways to do that today?  Yolanda Padron: I think the, the aerodynamics, Allen, would [00:27:00] be a lot more in your court than, than in mine. Matthew does have a really good point. I mean, what are we… With the UK wanting to ramp up offshore as much as they want to ramp up, right? They’re not going to just cancel a large project, and they need to… I mean, it’s not, uh, there’s a finite amount of space, right? So what, I mean, what, what are you, what are you gonna do? It’s like, it’s what, like, what happens in onshore where you, you really hope maybe that you don’t get a wind farm that’s really, really close by. Um, but you might also want to plan for it. I mean, I know of sites that have le- that lease a little bit of extra land so that way no one else can lease it, or that they can, they can use that to, to travel between turbines. Um, and it’s, I mean, it’s, it’s kind of… Isn’t it kind of just part of it, part of the trade? Allen Hall 2025: it has to be, right, at some point. [00:28:00] The question in my mind about all this is how much wake is there? Is it directly impacting the adjacent wind farm? Is there– are there things that can be done to minimize that wake turbulence? I think the answer is yes, but as wind turbine blade designers, I haven’t seen the same level of wake reduction that we have seen more recently in aerospace. It’s complicated to do some of these things on a wind turbine blade. You’re mass-producing. You’re making a blade a day or a blade in a day-and-a-half timeframe. Are you gonna design this really aerodynamic tip to go on to reduce the wake on a particular wind farm? Probably not, right? So it’s, it’s– is it worth doing that versus the, the cost it would be? So it’s gonna cost 500 million euros in loss to an adjacent wind farm. Do you put that 500 million into the design effort and the molds and [00:29:00]everything else to make these blades different? Uh, it’s a tight trade-off, right? It– from the engineering side. It may be better settled in the courts, honestly. Just it may be cheaper to do it that way. Matthew Stead: Uh, I, I was gonna go down a different avenue. I mean, obviously there’s always curtailment. There’s always curtailment due to grid congestion, et cetera, et cetera, et cetera, maintenance. I mean, if they, if they just– when wind is coming from a certain direction, they could just de-rate and, uh, just not absorb as much energy, um, out of the wind when the wind is coming from that sector. And so that would be a way of, um, not modifying the turbine, just de-rating it under a certain wind condition. I mean, the same thing occurs with noise curtailment all the time. Um, so there’s, there’s noise modes. There could be a, a wake loss mode. We should trademark that Allen Hall 2025: Well, you know who’s gonna make money out of this no matter what? The  lawyers.  ​ Allen Hall 2025: [00:30:00] Well, in this quarter’s PES Wind magazine, there are a number of great articles, and you can download the entire magazine and all those great articles at peswind.com. There’s a nice little article from Enerpac Tool Group, and if you’re not familiar with them, they make a, a number of tools that are handy in the wind industry. Uh, and, you know, routine torque checks is kind of a pain, right? And the problem with a lot of those checks is that you have to haul around a heavy hydraulic pump to do it. And so if you’ve ever been to a trade show and seen some of these [00:31:00] pumps, it is a pain. And if you h- have to move around, especially on a w- wind site a lot, you really don’t wanna have a heavy pump that maybe is made for something, uh, more robust. Uh, and you need something that’s portable. That’s what you really need, right? So the Enerpac Tool Group has really created this, uh, LU series they call. Which is a lightweight, portable, hydraulic pump, which is for intermittent work, which is what happens on most wind sites. It’s intermittent. Uh, so the product line director, Angie Wallace, uh, talks about this and says technician feedback has shaped this new tool, uh, from multiple carrying handles and an upward-facing gauge. And that is a big thumbs up from me. When you put the gauge on the side of the tool where you can’t see it, such a problem. It’s like they’ve never used it. Well, obviously, the Enerpac has been talking to technicians, and they put the gauge where the technician can actually see it. Uh, and it’s designed to go through towers and, and tight [00:32:00] spaces. Uh, so this is made specifically for offshore conditions. It’s ruggedized, and it’s a great tool. And a lot of times, Matthew, when you s- see the technicians about and some of the tools they carry, you’re like, man, that is not a good tool for this. That is, that is too much to be hauling around, particularly uptower. It’s nice that we can see some tools that are designed job Matthew Stead: I, I’m completely convinced. I, I don’t have much to say. Um, I mean, my, my day job is, um, you know, designing products and working out what products we’re going to, to work on, and, you know, the customer is the main voice you should listen to, um, at least in the first step. So always listen to the customer first, and I think from what you’ve described, customer first, and then develop the product to suit the application. Yeah, so yeah, I’m convinced  Allen Hall 2025: Yolanda, you’ve seen Interpack on sites, haven’t you? It does seem like I run across them once in a while at some of the US sites  Yolanda Padron: Every once [00:33:00] in a while. I do gotta say I love the idea of when, like, actual, like, boots on the ground people’s feedback is taken into consideration for, for anything really. And so this is, this just makes me really happy because I think a lot of times, like, as engineers, like, we love the idea of just, oh, I’m gonna do this really cool fancy thing, and then it’s just it- no one can use it, or a very specialized person has to be able to use it. And so actually doing, you know, modifying a product so that it, it makes sense for the people using it, and I know we’ve, we’ve all talked about it a lot internally and, and we continue to work towards making it easier and easier on, on the people actually installing the product. Like, this is, this is really exciting. Allen Hall 2025: So if you need a lightweight pump for tightening some bolts uptower, particularly if you’re offshore, take a look at this Enerpac line of LU lightweight series tools. It’s well worth it. And at that same time, you should check out PES Wind magazine. Just go to [00:34:00] peswind.com That wraps up another episode of the Uptime Wind Energy podcast. If today’s discussion sparked any questions or ideas, we’d love to hear from you. Reach out directly to Rosemary, and don’t forget to subscribe so you never miss an episode. for yolonda, Matthew, and Rosemary, I’m Allen Hall, and we’ll see you here next week on the Uptime Wind Energy podcast.  ​

https://jo.my/knjtnyBattery Charging Station SafetyThis topic seems to come up a lot in our rotation.  Why?  It's important to know, retain, and remind about!Battery charging stations can look quiet.That's what makes them dangerous.You don't always hear the hazard coming. You don't always see it building. A battery charging area can create explosive gases, expose workers to acid, and turn a normal shift into an emergency in seconds. Fast. Serious. And something we're trying to repeat as much as possible - it's PREVENTABLE!When you're being proactive in implementing and maintaining 5S methods, Safety Culture demands that you pay attention to quiet hazards. It teaches people to respect the areas that don't flash, bang, or scream for attention until something has already gone wrong. Battery charging stations deserve that respect every single day.Here are a few tips to assist you with Battery Charging Station Safety: Keep the air moving. Lead-acid batteries can release hydrogen gas during charging. That gas can build up if the area lacks proper ventilation. Check that vents, fans, and airflow paths stay open and working. Keep sparks and flames away. Charging areas should stay free of smoking, open flames, hot work, and spark-producing tools unless approved safety steps are in place. Hydrogen gas and ignition sources don't need a second invitation. Wear the right PPE. Workers who handle battery acid, cables, caps, and connectors should use the required face protection, eye protection, gloves, aprons, and other protective gear. Acid does not care how experienced you are. Inspect connectors before use. Damaged cables, cracked plugs, loose connections, and exposed conductors create risk. Report problems before charging begins. Don't “make it work.” Make it safe. Keep eyewash access clear and ready. Emergency eyewash stations must stay easy to reach. No pallets. No carts. No stored equipment in the way. Test and maintain them in accordance with your facility's safety guidelines. As always, these are potential tips. Please be sure to follow the rules and regulations of your specific facility.Battery charging safety isn't about slowing the crew down. It's about making sure everyone finishes the shift with their vision, hands, lungs, and life intact.The best facilities don't wait for a burn, a blast, or a close call to take this area seriously. They build habits before the emergency. They train people before the panic. They check the equipment before the failure.That's how safety becomes real.Thank you for being part of another episode of Warehouse Safety Tips. Until we meet next time - have a great week, and STAY SAFE!#Safety #SafetyCulture #StaySafe #SafetyFirst #SafetyTips #StayAlert #SafetyAwareness #5S #BatterySafety #DockSafety #FacilitySafety #PPE #EyewashStation #ElectricalSafety#WarehouseSafety #BatterySafety #DockSafety #FacilitySafety #PPE #EyewashStation #ElectricalSafety

https://jo.my/knjtnyBattery Charging Station SafetyThis topic seems to come up a lot in our rotation. Why? It's important to know, retain, and remind about!Battery charging stations can look quiet.That's what makes them dangerous.You don't always hear the hazard coming. You don't always see it building. A battery charging area can create explosive gases, expose workers to acid, and turn a normal shift into an emergency in seconds. Fast. Serious. And something we're trying to repeat as much as possible - it's PREVENTABLE!When you're being proactive in implementing and maintaining 5S methods, Safety Culture demands that you pay attention to quiet hazards. It teaches people to respect the areas that don't flash, bang, or scream for attention until something has already gone wrong. Battery charging stations deserve that respect every single day.Here are a few tips to assist you with Battery Charging Station Safety:Keep the air moving. Lead-acid batteries can release hydrogen gas during charging. That gas can build up if the area lacks proper ventilation. Check that vents, fans, and airflow paths stay open and working.Keep sparks and flames away. Charging areas should stay free of smoking, open flames, hot work, and spark-producing tools unless approved safety steps are in place. Hydrogen gas and ignition sources don't need a second invitation.Wear the right PPE. Workers who handle battery acid, cables, caps, and connectors should use the required face protection, eye protection, gloves, aprons, and other protective gear. Acid does not care how experienced you are.Inspect connectors before use. Damaged cables, cracked plugs, loose connections, and exposed conductors create risk. Report problems before charging begins. Don't “make it work.” Make it safe.Keep eyewash access clear and ready. Emergency eyewash stations must stay easy to reach. No pallets. No carts. No stored equipment in the way. Test and maintain them in accordance with your facility's safety guidelines.As always, these are potential tips. Please be sure to follow the rules and regulations of your specific facility.Battery charging safety isn't about slowing the crew down. It's about making sure everyone finishes the shift with their vision, hands, lungs, and life intact.The best facilities don't wait for a burn, a blast, or a close call to take this area seriously. They build habits before the emergency. They train people before the panic. They check the equipment before the failure.That's how safety becomes real.Thank you for being part of another episode of Warehouse Safety Tips. Until we meet next time - have a great week, and STAY SAFE!#Safety #SafetyCulture #StaySafe #SafetyFirst #SafetyTips #StayAlert #SafetyAwareness #5S #BatterySafety #DockSafety #FacilitySafety #PPE #EyewashStation #ElectricalSafety#WarehouseSafety #BatterySafety #DockSafety #FacilitySafety #PPE #EyewashStation #ElectricalSafety

Shannon Miller is Co-founder and President of Mainspring Energy, a company developing a new category of power generation technology called the linear generator. Mainspring's systems generate electricity through a low-temperature, flameless chemical reaction that converts fuel directly into electrical power. Shannon has been at this for about 15 years. She started the company on technology she developed while earning her PhD in mechanical engineering at Stanford, and took it from a lab experiment through commercial deployment to hundreds of megawatts in development and running in the field. Mainspring closed a $258 million Series F in 2025, led by General Catalyst and has raised more than $800 million to date. In this episode of Inevitable, Shannon explains how Mainspring's technology differs from traditional gas turbines and fuel cells, why modular and fuel-flexible generation is becoming increasingly valuable, and how the growth of data centers is reshaping energy infrastructure. The conversation explores the urgent demand for faster power deployment, the advantages of dispatchable generation, the role of hydrogen and other future fuels, and why flexibility may become one of the most important characteristics of the future electric grid.  Episode recorded on June 2, 2026 (Published on July 7, 2026).  In this episode, we cover:  (0:00) An overview of Mainspring Energy  (1:47) What a linear generator is and how it differs from traditional ones (3:57) Behind-the-meter power and the race for faster time-to-power  (5:47) How Mainspring converts fuel into electricity  (8:18) The benefits of modular power generation  (10:34) Comparing linear generators to fuel cells  (12:32) Where Mainspring fits into modern data center energy stacks  (13:48) Transitioning from prime power to dispatchable grid support  (14:42) Why fuel flexibility matters  (15:27) Use cases for propane and hydrogen switching  (18:57) The economics of power generation and cost competitiveness  (20:44) Scaling from laboratory technology to commercial deployment  (22:49) How utilities evaluate new generation technologies  (25:00) Shannon's vision for the future power mix Enjoyed this episode? Please leave us a review! Share feedback or suggest future topics and guests at info@mcj.vc.Connect with MCJ:Cody Simms on LinkedInVisit mcj.vcSubscribe to the MCJ Newsletter*Editing and post-production work for this episode was provided by The Podcast Consultant

In this episode, we chat with Andrew Hume, Managing Director of Thor Energy, a company operating at the crossroads of critical minerals exploration, natural hydrogen, and the evolving energy transition. We revisit Andrew's career journey and discuss what motivated him to leave the major energy company environment to lead a junior exploration company. We'll explore the challenges of transitioning from oil and gas into mining, how Thor Energy is positioning itself within the rapidly changing energy landscape, and the progress being made across its project portfolio, including the flagship HY-Range natural hydrogen project. We'll also take a closer look at the growing interest in natural hydrogen, its potential role in the global energy mix, and whether it could emerge as a significant new commodity class. Finally, Andrew shares insights into how Thor is combining techniques from both the mining and oil and gas industries, the role of AI in exploration, and some of the key lessons he's learned throughout his career. This episode is brought to you by Mining International, a global executive search partner to the mining industry. For bespoke search and advisory services, please visit www.mining-international.org Download this free whitepaper to uncover how ExxonMobil is redefining strategic approaches to energy transition in the mining sector: https://bit.ly/wp-mining-forward-lower-emission-mining-operations KEY TAKEAWAYS Thor Energy successfully integrates traditional mining techniques with oil and gas exploration methodologies to unlock complex transition commodities. Recent shallow geochemical evaluations at the flagship HY Range project revealed an impressive 3% natural hydrogen enhancement in the soil. Thor has partnered with Velseis to initiate a 2D seismic program in late Q3 or early Q4 to map out subsurface structures for future drilling targets. As a lean operator, the company leverages AI tools for advanced data pattern recognition to dramatically increase exploration efficiency and optimise workflows. BEST MOMENTS "We're looking at some of the commodities that sit in between. The intersection of oil and gas exploration, conventional mineral exploration, and equally for development and production." "The headline figure is that we, in one location, we find 3% natural hydrogen in the soil. It really gives us a lot of hope and it really speaks and is a soft clue to the potential volumes." "If you can find natural hydrogen close to mine sites, this allows you to use the hydrogen as an energy source when you oxidise, when you burn hydrogen, you produce water. It's the ultimate clean power." "When you're given opportunities, I recommend everyone to explore. Life's too short." VALUABLE RESOURCES Mail:        ⁠rob@mining-international.org⁠ LinkedIn: ⁠https://www.linkedin.com/in/rob-tyson-3a26a68/⁠ X:              ⁠https://twitter.com/MiningRobTyson⁠  YouTube: ⁠https://www.youtube.com/c/DigDeepTheMiningPodcast⁠  Web:        ⁠http://www.mining-international.org⁠ GUEST RESOURCES https://thorenergyplc.com/ https://x.com/ThorEnergyPLC https://www.linkedin.com/company/thor-energy-plc/ CONTACT METHOD ⁠rob@mining-international.org⁠ ⁠https://www.linkedin.com/in/rob-tyson-3a26a68/⁠ Podcast Description Rob Tyson is an established recruiter in the mining and quarrying sector and decided to produce the “Dig Deep” The Mining Podcast to provide valuable and informative content around the mining industry. He has a passion and desire to promote the industry and the podcast aims to offer the mining community an insight into people's experiences and careers covering any mining discipline, giving the listeners helpful advice and guidance on industry topics.  This Podcast has been brought to you by Disruptive Media. https://disruptivemedia.co.uk/

JUST AMAZING: India's Energy Revolution! | Pachpadra Refinery & New Hydrogen Tech Change Everything

Your fatigue, achy joints, and bad gut days might not be aging; they could be signs you're quietly inflamed. In this episode, I break down how to tell if chronic inflammation has set in, why it's driving some of the most serious diseases we face, and the simple, low-cost changes I use to cool it down: diet, sleep, stress, hydration, cold showers, red light, and a few key supplements. There's one daily habit that costs less than a dollar and one 30-second trick I promise you won't quit after seven days, but you'll have to listen to find out why. Hit play, and remember: it's just science.  CLICK HERE TO BECOME GARYS VIP!: https://bit.ly/4ai0Xwg Thank you to our partners A-GAME: “ULTIMATE15” FOR 15% OFF: http://bit.ly/4kek1ij AION: “ULTIMATE10” FOR 10% OFF: https://bit.ly/4h6KHAD AIRES: "ULTIMATE20 " FOR 20% OFF: https://bit.ly/4a3Duze BAJA GOLD: "ULTIMATE10" FOR 10% OFF: https://bit.ly/3WSBqUa BODYHEALTH: “ULTIMATE20” FOR 20% OFF: http://bit.ly/4e5IjsV COLD LIFE: THE ULTIMATE HUMAN PLUNGE: https://bit.ly/4eULUKp CYMBIOTIKA: "ULTIMATE10" FOR 10% OFF: https://bit.ly/4tjyluP GENETIC METHYLATION TEST (UK ONLY): https://bit.ly/48QJJrk GENETIC TEST (USA ONLY): ⁠https://bit.ly/3Yg1Uk9 GOPUFF: GET YOUR FAVORITE SNACK!: https://bit.ly/4obIFDC H2TABS: “ULTIMATE10” FOR 10% OFF: https://bit.ly/4hMNdgg HEALF: 10% OFF YOUR ORDER: https://bit.ly/41HJg6S PEPTUAL: “TUH10” FOR 10% OFF: https://bit.ly/4mKxgcn SNOOZE: LET'S GET TO SLEEP!: https://bit.ly/4pt1T6V WHOOP: JOIN & GET 1 FREE MONTH!: https://bit.ly/3VQ0nzW Watch  the “Ultimate Human Podcast” every Tuesday & Thursday at 9AM EST: YouTube: https://bit.ly/3RPQYX8 Podcasts: https://bit.ly/3RQftU0 Connect with Gary Brecka Instagram: https://bit.ly/3RPpnFs TikTok: https://bit.ly/4coJ8foX: https://bit.ly/3Opc8tf Facebook: https://bit.ly/464VA1H LinkedIn: https://bit.ly/4hH7Ri2 Website: https://bit.ly/4eLDbdU Merch: https://bit.ly/4aBpOM1 Newsletter: https://bit.ly/47ejrws Ask Gary: https://bit.ly/3PEAJuG Timestamps 00:00 - Intro of Show 00:18 - What inflammation actually is 00:52 - Signs you might be inflamed 01:30 - How cytokines drive chronic inflammation 02:10 - Anti-inflammatory diet basics 02:48 - Exercise and movement 03:08 - Managing chronic stress 03:24 - Quality sleep and your bedroom 04:12 - Hydration and mineral salt 04:42 - Cold exposure and cold showers 05:30 - Red light therapy and photobiomodulation 06:35 - Omega-3, turmeric, and curcumin 07:20 - Practical steps to start today 08:45 - Hydrogen water on the go 09:25 - Final habits and recap Disclaimer: This podcast is for informational purposes only and does not provide medical advice. It is not intended for diagnosing or treating any health condition. Always consult a licensed healthcare professional before making health or wellness decisions.  Gary Brecka is the owner of Ultimate Human, LLC which operates The Ultimate Human podcast and promotes certain third-party products used by Gary Brecka in his personal health and wellness protocols and daily life and for which Ultimate Human LLC and / or Gary Brecka directly or indirectly holds an economic interest or receives compensation.  Accordingly, statements made by Gary Brecka and others (including on The Ultimate Human podcast) may be considered promotional in nature. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On this week's episode of The Ultimate Assist, John Stockton and Ken Ruettgers sit down with Paul Barattiero, ND, founder of Echo Water, for a fascinating conversation about molecular hydrogen, gut health, inflammation, recovery, and the future of hydration.Most people hear the phrase “hydrogen water” and wonder the obvious question:Is this real science — or just expensive water with a fancy name?Paul takes that question head-on, explaining what molecular hydrogen is, how hydrogen gas differs from the hydrogen already bonded inside H₂O, and why he believes hydrogen-rich water may play an important role in how the body manages oxidation and inflammation.  The conversation dives into:What hydrogen water actually isWhy Paul believes the colon functions as a “hydrogen ecosystem”The connection between gut bacteria, inflammation, and oxidative stressWhy so many people may struggle with gut dysfunctionHow hydrogen water may support energy, recovery, sleep, and overall resilienceWhy athletes and older adults may be especially interested in this technologyThe difference between hydrogen water, alkaline water, filtered water, and standard bottled waterHow Echo Water systems are designed for home, travel, and daily usePaul also discusses the relationship between gut health and the body's ability to produce hydrogen naturally, why he believes modern food, chemicals, antibiotics, pesticides, and environmental exposures have disrupted that process, and how molecular hydrogen may help support the body's natural systems.  For athletes, Paul points to research and real-world use around fatigue, recovery, inflammation, and performance. For older listeners, the discussion expands into joint health, energy, hydration, mitochondrial function, and what happens when chronic inflammation becomes part of everyday life.This episode is part science lesson, part health conversation, and part challenge to rethink something most people take for granted every day:What if water isn't just about hydration?Support the show

This episode has a fun personal twist: There's a counterfactual world where I was employee #1 at Genesis Molecular AI, the company behind today's episode. A certain introduction happened a few weeks too late and I had already happily signed at Atomwise, another ML-for-drug-discovery startup. Same problem, different company. I was certain ML was going to transform small molecule drug discovery. Early results were underwhelming. Useful at times, but nowhere near revolutionary. In the last year I've seen signs that ML is finally ready to deliver on my convictions from a decade ago. Genesis is one of the places that might have finally cracked this problem. I was super excited to come full circle and catch up with co-founder Evan Feinberg and CTO Sergey Edunov.If you are at all interested in small molecule drug discovery, we think you will find this fascinating!In our nearly two hour chat we cover:* What is small molecule drug discovery, and why is it hard* Structure prediction as a hotbed of innovation in AI algorithms* How advances in AI elsewhere have enabled stepwise improvements in predictive power* How the community benchmarks are essentially calling AI slop good enough* The Genesis flagship model (PEARL) can routinely hit a threshold that is necessary for real-world applications* New agentic workflows enabled by these highly accurate modelsRead on for more, and also some personal thoughts on the future at the end.The coolest diffusion research is happening at GenesisSergey Edunov came to Genesis from Meta where he led Llama 2 training and Llama 3 pretraining. Sergey was a former physicist who thought he was done with physics after many years of training LLMs. Then, he discovered Genesis, and was blown away with all the novel architecture work they've been developing.It probably surprises no one that modern LLM research has not resulted in fundamentally novel or exciting updates in architectures since almost the advent of the transformer — the entire field is using variants on the same idea that came out in the original “Attention is all you need” paper. Sure, some were quite useful (mixture-of-experts in particular allowed for the massive model paradigm we're at today), but there was very little conceptually exciting.“We sort of had to wait for the right primitive to get created, and that turned out to be diffusion… Actually, some of the most innovative diffusion research that's happening in our field is happening in 3D structure prediction right now.” — Evan FeinbergThe field of 3D structure prediction on the other hand has been a hotbed of research. Genesis' recent model PEARL (Place Every Atom at the Right Location) is able to understand protein flexibility, and model not just where the ligand goes, but also make small adjustments of the protein so that the two fit better than either alone. The field knew this was missing for a long time, but it was really hard to model until now.Agentic DiscoveryWhat makes this problem so hard? As Sergey points out, there are 10^60 possible drug-like small molecules. You'll never be able to search them all, and trying to find the good ones is something like finding a needle in a haystack — except everything except your needle is dangerous.“There are 10 to the 60 drug-like small molecules in the universe… it's like finding a needle in a haystack, where everything except your needle is very, very dangerous.” — Sergey Edunov“Or finding hay in a needle stack might be a more apt analogy.” — Evan FeinbergTrying to solve the multi-parameter optimization problem is even worse. What makes a strong binder and a molecule with good “ADMET Properties” are oftentimes at tension with each other. For example, a good binder is likely greasy, but a greasy molecule is likely insoluble so it won't enter the bloodstream and get to where it needs to go!Genesis' advances in generative AI have now pushed them beyond the threshold where they believe agentic drug discovery loops are finally possible. We all remember the early days of LLMs. They were great chatbots but terrible agents, as small errors compounded rapidly into uselessness. As LLMs got better, the usefulness of agents rapidly improved. Evan and Sergey argue that their models at Genesis recently passed a similar threshold. Their internal agentic drug-discovery system (code named SAPPHIRE) can now iterate like a chemist: look at and reason about poses, form hypotheses, read literature, use internal tools, create candidates for the next iteration. Combining this with automated lab partnerships like the one Genesis has with Incyte, we're rapidly approaching a time of drug discovery agents running 24/7 making/testing new molecules. Exciting times!Benchmark crisis: Everyone's favorite benchmark is slopOne surprising point that isn't talked enough about: the academic field of “co-folding” has settled on a benchmark value of “2 Angstrom RMSD” as a metric for a “good pose”. Evan does not mince words: this threshold is just bad. Perhaps even deceptively bad. For many strong binders, there's a very clear pose, one that you can even directly resolve in the PDB electron density! And yet, with a 2Å RMSD threshold, you can get the pose quite wrong in ways that might even mislead a medicinal chemist. For example, flip around an aromatic ring, and everything looks reasonable, but you're no longer modeling the right interactions.Evan makes the strong claim that 1Å RMSD is really the threshold necessary to ensure the core of the molecule is sitting where it needs to be, and models all interactions.“If your model is sitting at 1.8, 1.9 Angstrom RMSD, that's slop, most likely.” — Evan FeinbergAs a simple example, he points out hydrogen bonds which are responsible for many of the most important interactions in protein-ligand systems. Hydrogen bonds only have a 0.6Å range to be valid! Clearly if you're accurately resolving all H-bonds, you generally have to be doing much better than the 2Å threshold.This is clearly a hard-fought lesson for Evan and Genesis. In their opinion, the community is stuck on these benchmarks because academics developing methods were not users. Evan does see signs of life, with the use of new metrics such as lDDT for co-folding. Hopefully soon the community can agree that “1.8Å RMSD is slop”, and start hill climbing on this much harder task.For a more thorough exploration of the weaknesses in conventional benchmarks, see the PEARL technical report.PEARL tops OpenBindWhich makes what happened next all the more striking. Near the end of the podcast, we talked about a recent “proof-is-in-the-pudding” moment for Genesis — evaluating their PEARL model on a recently released OpenBind benchmark. This benchmark featured 802 never before seen co-complexes on a target protein EV-A71. This target seems almost custom-chosen to give most classical docking methods a problem. When a ligand binds to the main binding site, the protein moves around to close off the path the ligand used to enter the binding pocket. This process, known as “induced fit” is notoriously hard for traditional methods to model. The tradeoff is easy to understand: treating the protein as a static structure, it becomes difficult to place a ligand in a binding pocket. Treat the protein as dynamic, and now you have to simulate complicated processes that take a long time to resolve.PEARL was able to model the induced fit of the ligand without running long MD simulations. Across the different evaluation metrics, PEARL came out not just ahead, but oftentimes well ahead of any public model. A truly impressive result.“Where PEARL was exceptionally good is figuring out how to move this loop. We are basically correct for every single pose.” — Sergey EdunovEven more exciting, this was done without any fine-tuning, or using any data on the target or homologous targets — the template PDB was released after PEARL's training cutoff.Where does co-folding go now?As someone who has followed or participated in ML techniques for protein-ligand interactions for almost a decade, I was genuinely impressed with the results that Genesis has released recently. This has been many years in development, and I'm sure Evan and the team had many sleepless nights trying to get to this point. I also think other teams are making similar progress — both Isomorphic and Deep Origin have released results that seem spiritually similar and combine computation, wetlab data, ML, to achieve genuine predictive power that seemed impossible a decade ago. Sadly, all of the above are closed source so there's no way to honestly compare them. Looking at the results I think there might be a time in the not so distant future where we can consider protein-ligand binding “solved”.I sincerely hope that the academic community can take inspiration from these developments. Once you know something can be done, it's much easier to execute. Still, I believe that the key enabler in all of the above was the tight integration of ML, large-scale computation, and real-world drug discovery applications. Sadly academia is just not structured in a way that makes such a development easy.With those parting thoughts, we hope you give the podcast a listen! This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.latent.space/subscribe

In this Energy Horizons episode of the Greenberg Traurig E2 Energy Law Podcast, host and of counsel Nikki Wise is joined by Bill Garner, co-chair of the firm's global Energy Practice, for a practical, lawyer-focused examination of the legal and contractual framework surrounding natural hydrogen exploration and production in the United States. The conversation begins with a comparison of traditional oil and gas leases and the emerging natural hydrogen-specific lease, walking listeners through the core provisions common to both: the granting clause, habendum clause, royalty clause, and delay rental provisions. Bill explains why the specific language of the granting clause is especially consequential for natural hydrogen, noting that whether hydrogen is covered by an existing oil and gas lease is far from settled and depends heavily on the precise contractual language used. Drawing on analogies to historical helium litigation, he cautions that companies exploring for hydrogen without clear title rights risk trespass claims, and that hydrogen must either be explicitly named or captured by sufficiently broad language such as "all gases." Bill then outlines the distinguishing features of hydrogen-specific leases, including the absence of an obligation to drill or produce during the primary term, the right to surrender the lease at any time, and the critical inclusion of provisions addressing environmental attributes such as carbon credits, government grants, and tax incentives, which he notes can be significant drivers of project economics. The discussion turns to practical development challenges unique to natural hydrogen, including the need for specialized equipment, hydrogen's distinct safety profile and its potential to cause steel pipeline embrittlement, regulatory gaps at the state and local level, and the still-developing market for hydrogen offtake. Bill also addresses transportation and storage considerations, covering dedicated pipelines versus tube trailers, federal Department of Transportation and pipeline regulations, rights-of-way acquisition, the feasibility of repurposing existing oil and gas pipelines, and storage options ranging from above-ground facilities to salt caverns. The episode closes with Bill's practical guidance for those looking to enter the natural hydrogen space: engage counsel experienced in both oil and gas law and hydrogen-specific issues, ensure leases explicitly address hydrogen rights, think through the full value chain from production to end use, and monitor the rapidly evolving federal, state, and local regulatory landscape.

In this Energy Horizons episode of the Greenberg Traurig E2 Energy Law Podcast, host and of counsel Nikki Wise and Bill Garner, co-chair of the firm's global Energy Practice, examine one of 2026's most compelling emerging energy stories: the discovery and early-stage development of natural hydrogen, also known as white or geologic hydrogen, across the Middle East. Bill opens with an update on a landmark development in France, where Francaise De l'Energie has drilled the deepest well in the world specifically targeting natural hydrogen, reaching approximately 3,500 meters in the Lorraine region's abandoned coal mines. He then turns to the Middle East, where the unique geology of the region, including serpentinized ultramafic rock and ophiolitic formations, is generating significant exploration activity. The discussion highlights Oman as the region's clear first mover, with visible hydrogen seepage already documented, an MOU between SOHAR Port and Freezone and Swiss firm HYNAT, a US Department of Energy-backed project by GeoPower, and a recent exclusive evaluation agreement between Australian company HyTerra and ARA Natural Resources focused on the Samail Ophiolite. Bill notes that Oman's flexible petroleum law gives it a regulatory head start. The episode also covers Saudi Arabia's early-stage Aramco pilot investigations, and the UAE's establishment of a natural hydrogen research institute in Abu Dhabi, along with Irish company Decahydran's confirmed natural hydrogen well in Sharjah and its commercial partnerships with Weatherford International, Sharjah National Oil Company, and Siemens Energy. Bill and Nikki explore the legal and business dimensions of this emerging industry, noting that new regulatory frameworks, mining laws, environmental assessments, international trade agreements, and commercial contracts are effectively being written in real time, creating significant opportunities for legal practitioners and investors alike. The episode closes with a realistic look at the long timeline to commercialization and the geopolitical complexities affecting the region, before previewing the next episode, which will focus on natural hydrogen development and legal considerations in the United States.

What if better management starts with seeing connections that were there all along? In this conversation, Balaji Reddie and Andrew Stotz unpack one of the most powerful and overlooked ideas in management: that everything is connected. Drawing on Dr. W. Edwards Deming's systems thinking, he explains why the problems we face today were set in motion long before we noticed them, and why the solutions are rarely where we think to look.    Along the way, a cup of coffee becomes a window into five years of invisible effort, hydrogen and oxygen defy everything we'd expect, and a classroom game reveals that cooperation isn't a soft ideal — it might just be human nature. Whether you run a team of two or a global organization, this episode will quietly shift the way you read a situation, ask a question, or respond to a problem. TRANSCRIPT 0:00:02.2 Andrew Stotz: My name is Andrew Stotz, and I'll be your host as we dive deeper into the teachings of Dr. W. Edwards Deming. Today, I'm continuing my discussions with Balaji Reddie, an educator and trainer in the teachings of Dr. Deming and quality management generally. The topic for today is connectedness, which will help you see things you normally would not see. Balaji, how are you?   0:00:30.7 Balaji Reddie: I'm good, I'm fine.   0:00:32.5 Andrew Stotz: Nice to connect with you.   0:00:34.1 Balaji Reddie: Yes, same here.   0:00:35.3 Andrew Stotz: Connectedness day.   0:00:36.5 Balaji Reddie: Yeah, connectedness, absolutely. Yeah, we chose this term very carefully, right?   0:00:42.6 Andrew Stotz: I suspect you have, given your precision.   [laughter]   0:00:47.4 Balaji Reddie: Yeah, to see things that you normally would not see, let me attribute this to Henry Neave, who said that he heard Deming say this during his last three or four seminars in England, right? In Britain rather. Yeah, I think it was mostly in England. And he said, when he heard him say that, he said, "I am not here to teach you anything new. I'm here to make you see things that you normally would not see." And I would like to just expand on that and say when you see things differently, obviously, you observe, you record different things. And when you record different things, you ask different questions. When you ask different questions, you get different answers. And when you get different answers, you draw different conclusions. When you draw different conclusions, you take different decisions. And when you take different decisions, you get different results. It's insanity to expect different results by asking the same questions every single time. So management is not so much about giving the right answers as much as it is about asking the correct questions. And I think Dr. Deming helps you do that. He helps you ask the correct questions.   0:02:02.2 Balaji Reddie: Now coming to the word connectedness. We spoke about the System of Profound Knowledge, a unified theory of leadership and management, where Dr. Deming brings together four sciences. And the first one he says about systems thinking, or what he called as appreciation for a system, appreciation for a fact that everything is systemic. There's nothing that happens in isolation, right? And the second one, of course, he said was understanding variation, then understanding theory of knowledge and understanding psychology. But he said, all four are equally important, et cetera. And then comes the, I won't say contradictory, but a chapter before Profound Knowledge on systems especially. So that's where I decided to use the word connectedness, that all these are connected. What did he mean by that? So I believe he wanted people to learn about connectedness and systems first.   0:03:01.6 Balaji Reddie: So let's dive right there. What did he always say about systems, or connectedness as we say here? And let's get into his definition for system. And he says that "a system is a network," right, "of interdependent components that work together to achieve the aim of the system." And then he says "every system must have an aim. Without an aim, there is no system." And very well articulated throughout this book which he wrote, he always began with aim of the chapter. Even in Out of the Crisis, he always started with aim of a chapter. So network of interdependent components. So let's just break it down, because the three important words are network, interdependent, and aim. And he says aim comes first because without the aim, there is no system.   0:04:00.6 Balaji Reddie: Right. And he goes on to tell us what the aim of a system should be. Okay. He says here that the recommended aim should be for everybody to gain. Now, in one of the paragraphs there, management's job, where he says should be to make it clear, the first step is clarification. Everyone in the organization must understand the aim and how to direct their efforts towards the aim, right? And everyone must understand, okay, this is important. The danger and loss to the whole organization from a team that seeks to become a selfish, independent profit center. Right. So he says here we need to give both, why we need to do what we need to do. And he says the aim precedes the system. Now, I would like to leave this discussion right here. We will cover this in our 14 Points, our session on the 14 Points, because I believe the word aim and purpose are, they go hand in hand. Aim gives us a direction and purpose gives us the reason why we exist, right? And so the direction of all the efforts, you can see the development. He says here, he gives some examples that the system must create something of value. In other words, results. The intended results along with consideration of recipients and of cost mold the aim of the system. So he said it should be something that makes life better for everyone.   0:05:39.8 Balaji Reddie: Now, he was talking about a man-made system here. Remember, he wrote this for organizations, but I think I mentioned this before that this can equally be applied to natural systems, if you want to really study them in detail. I remember talking to Barbara Lawton about this, and I said, "Natural systems, they do have an aim. It's just that we've not understood it." The purpose and aim of, in fact, that was the basis for my paper, which I delivered at the Deming Research Seminar in 2002. And the title of my paper was Deming and Ecology. And I was trying to put together the thoughts of the physicist Fritjof Capra, who wrote some wonderful books like The Tao of Physics, The Turning Point, The Web of Life, and The Hidden Connections. And The Systems View of Life is also one of the sub-books or booklets that he came out with. But these were his wonderful books. At the time, he had not yet written The Hidden Connections, right? So based on his three books that I had read up until then, of course, one was called Uncommon Wisdom, where he reproduced some of the interviews he had with some systems thinkers in the world, including people not from conventional systems thinking. For example, he also reproduced his interaction with the then Prime Minister or the ex-Prime Minister of India, Mrs. Indira Gandhi, and how he spent time with her, because he was over here in India for quite some time studying the language Sanskrit and studying the texts over here, because he learned about systems thinking even deeper.   0:07:25.1 Balaji Reddie: So over there, he wanted to, he raised a question, what is the purpose? So I wanted to use Dr. Deming's theories to understand the purpose of a natural system and what is the purpose of man [laughter] in this natural system. So that was my theory. And that's when this aim thing became more and more clear. And Barbara said, "No, you're right. There is an aim. It's just that we're trying to understand it. Without that, you won't have the system working so beautifully. There is something that is at work." Right. And he says here, management of a system. And then he says that a system includes the future. And now here's where, when you talk about system includes the future, he mentions Peter Senge in his book, if you know about The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization. And that's where this fantastic statement comes in because he says delayed effects. So although, Deming never used these words directly, but here I am putting among the first principles of systems thinking is that cause and effect are not closely related in time or space. Right. And that gives a lot of frightening conclusions, or inferences that you can draw from this. If I say that, by the way, that cause and effect are not closely related in time or space, and if I ask you what you understand by this statement, your first knee-jerk reaction would be what I do today, the consequences would be felt in another time at another place. Absolutely right. That's exactly what this means. But the converse is also true. What we get to see in front of our eyes, the origins are at another time and another place.   0:09:15.9 Balaji Reddie: So we only see the event, but systems thinking teaches us there are no events in this world. There are only eventualities. Now, this comes into play when you start doing a study, typically when people learn about quality, and then the first thing they learn is to, okay, identify a problem and try to solve it, right? And then they start asking the question, "Why did this happen?" And then you draw a fishbone diagram, which is, you know, one of the most popular tools. But the problem there is you need to arrange the causes logically and not categorically. And you also need to take into account that these causes are also related to each other. You can't isolate them. And the fact that, there could be an element of time over here, right, that this is a delayed effect that you're seeing. So the effect comes much later. And sometimes it could be weeks and months. So you have to take that into account, right? So the cause and effect are not true, which means then the next corollary from this statement is that seemingly disconnected events turn out to be connected. And so when you are studying something that's happening in front of your eyes, very quickly you ask the question, "What else happened a month ago, a week ago, that we seem to have missed? Are we missing something here?" So that's one of those things that we need to get into, right? We need to go backwards in time and not look at the localized stuff here. We need to look in space all around and try to figure out where and how we need to change things.   0:11:06.1 Andrew Stotz: It's also interesting to think about all the things that have to have happened for an outcome to occur today the way you want it, that is the right outcome.   0:11:19.8 Balaji Reddie: Yes.   0:11:21.4 Andrew Stotz: And a good example I use for that, and I was just talking two different times this week with my team, is coffee. Coffee is a really interesting one, because when you go to a coffee shop, they make you a cup of coffee, they give you a cup of coffee, but what you don't realize is that there was a farmer, took him five years to grow that tree. And then they had to pick it at the right time. You pick it at the wrong time, it goes wrong.   0:11:47.4 Balaji Reddie: Oh, yeah.   0:11:48.3 Andrew Stotz: They put it into some water. They leave it in too long, it's fermented. They leave it in too short, it doesn't, the shell doesn't come off. And then if they, once they've worked on it, if they have their grinders that are getting off the mucilage off of it, if they're too tight, well, then you're going to get a little slice off the top of the bean. And then when that goes to the roasting machine, that's going to burn right there because there's no protection in that area. But they got to get all of those things right all the way to that barista. And if that barista just basically doesn't check the water temperature, it's done.   0:12:29.5 Balaji Reddie: It's done. [laughter]   0:12:29.9 Andrew Stotz: You throw it away. And when you think about it, I have another lesson that I give to young people about capitalism, that how all of these decisions are happening all along the way. And when that happens, there's waste in the system. And that waste goes back all the way back to the effort of the farmer five years ago when they planted that tree.   0:12:51.8 Balaji Reddie: That's right.   0:12:52.3 Andrew Stotz: And so reducing waste is not only good for you and good for costs in general, but it has a respect for the process, a respect for the system.   0:13:04.0 Balaji Reddie: Yes. Connectedness. Reconnected. [laughter]   0:13:07.6 Andrew Stotz: Well, and the other thing I tell them is I say, and here you have a coffee bean coming from this country that's then being shipped to this country. They never met.   0:13:16.8 Balaji Reddie: Yeah.   0:13:17.1 Andrew Stotz: And that's capitalism. You trade. In fact, they may not speak the same language.   0:13:23.1 Balaji Reddie: Absolutely.   0:13:23.5 Andrew Stotz: Or they may even be enemies. They may hate each other.   0:13:26.9 Balaji Reddie: Yeah.   0:13:27.4 Andrew Stotz: And yet they trade.   0:13:29.5 Balaji Reddie: Yeah.   0:13:31.1 Andrew Stotz: And so it's a voluntary connectedness that happens through capitalism. Anyways.   0:13:37.2 Balaji Reddie: Yeah. The right quality and uniformity are foundations for commerce, prosperity, and peace. [laughter] That's Deming for you.   0:13:46.1 Andrew Stotz: Yeah.   0:13:46.3 Balaji Reddie: I think he chose that sentence so beautifully. It goes into the Deming Medal. He knew what he was talking about. So he was talking about systems, and I think profound knowledge came towards the end of his life, and rightly so. It came as a revelation, as a catharsis. I think he went through all of that, especially, I think it was between '88 and '89, if I'm not mistaken. Jaki Graham talks about this very, very funnily. She says that they were giving him pure oxygen and maybe that made his brain cells go alive. [laughter] And he could think so clearly. He was getting pure oxygen. And so his thought process...   0:14:31.0 Andrew Stotz: By the way, for the listeners out there, you may feel like I feel when I think about how Dr. Deming didn't really come out with the System of Profound Knowledge until he was, early '90s, let's say, '90s. You think to yourself, okay, I still have time to come up with my incredible insight on...   0:14:52.4 Balaji Reddie: Correct.   0:14:52.9 Andrew Stotz: Bringing together all my experience.   0:14:55.1 Balaji Reddie: Yeah. So because I think I shared this with you before that when you read Mary Walton's book and he says, "No, I don't think I'm ready to establish an institute," and he only did it one month before he passed. So I think by that time he was quite sure what he created was quite amazing, and it'll stand the test of time, right? And although, the title of the book is The New Economics for Industry, Government, Education, I believe it is industry, government, education, and healthcare. Because when he was in Japan, he said Japan must see itself as a system. And when he got the Deming Medal, that's what he said. Oh, sorry, when he got the Emperor's Medal, the Second Order of the Sacred Treasure. And he was talking to the Japanese Prime Minister. And he said, "You all must see yourselves as a system." And the four sectors of industry, government, education, and healthcare must work together. So he meant it as in the broadest sense of the term, right? And that's why this word system. So the first thing, of course, cause and effect are not closely related. Seemingly disconnected events turn out to be connected. The third important thing here in systems thinking is the reductionist thinking that we have.   0:16:12.0 Balaji Reddie: We believe the word analysis means dissection. And if you look deeply and read the book Mind and the World Order, what is the purpose of analysis? The purpose of analysis is not dissection. That's just the act of breaking a system down. But the purpose of analysis is interrelationships, establishing the interrelationships or understanding the connectedness. And I find it quite funny because people say analysis is dissection, and so they came up with a new term, really not necessary, synthesis, bringing it all together. There was no need for that term. You're not engaging in what, tautology? [laughter] You didn't need that. Analysis itself means dissecting and understanding relationships, right?   0:17:02.2 Andrew Stotz: Hmm.   0:17:03.3 Balaji Reddie: And so he said here, we have that reductionist thinking, but we forget that in a system, you have what are called synergistic relationships. You cannot understand a system by breaking it down into its components and studying the components separately and then believing that the components and their attributes and what they do gives the output of what we see. No, you could be completely wrong here. It's not what they do separately. Okay, it's a good thing to understand the components of a system and study them and maybe even establish connectedness, but sometimes what the results you see are quite contrary to what they could be giving separately. I'll give you an example here. Take the case of water. Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen. You cannot study and draw conclusions about water by studying the attributes of hydrogen and oxygen separately. You'd be making a mistake, a grave error. Okay, let's do that. Hydrogen, a highly inflammable gas, catches fire like this. Oxygen feeds fire. But you put them together and they give you something that quenches fire. Hydrogen is not wet. Oxygen is not wet. But water is wet. [laughter] How do you explain this?   0:18:25.9 Balaji Reddie: All right. If you take the case of sugar, it's a hydrocarbon. Try tasting hydrogen. All right, try tasting carbon. Now put them together and see what you get. Now, can it not be then that you are studying a system and when you break things down and you're studying the components separately, you could be making the same error? It's not what they do separately, it's what they do together. It's the same with sections in a company, departments in a company, companies themselves. Today, we use this sophisticated term, supply chain, call it what you will. I love to use the word provider network. I don't like using the word supplier any longer. I like to use the word provider, because today we're living in a different world. We're getting activities done by someone else, and you can't say he's supplying me this activity. He's providing me this service, right? So provider is a better term to use than supplier. And it's no longer a chain. It's a network, right? It's more lateral. It's all over the place. It's not linear. You're doing a huge disservice by using the term supply chain, because it's not bringing out what exactly is happening right there.   0:19:38.3 Balaji Reddie: And today's supply chains or provider networks are globally dispersed. So you need to have something that connects them. You just said that, the farmer could be in a different country, speaking a different language, maybe he didn't even know where it is being used, and they could hate each other, but they have to work, [laughter] you need to work together. So there's some kind of connectedness that comes in once again. But here's where people make mistakes. So you're talking about synergistic relationships. So sometimes in a team, now here's where all that incentive pay and choosing employee of the month can destroy a system.   0:20:18.8 Balaji Reddie: It could have been the entire team that did well, and they did well because they worked as a team. And it was synergistic, where some components had to, I can't use the right word, but maybe had to underperform so that the system came out ahead. It's like the organs of the human body, right? That's an interconnected, interdependent system. You have a primary function of each of the organs, but there are many other functions we are still discovering, right? For example, if you take the case of ears, besides hearing, they're responsible for balance in our body, right? Eyes, besides sight, they are also responsible for balance in our body. If you try this yoga position, you know, there's a yoga, so to say, yeah, you stand on one leg. And then you lift one leg off the ground and put the ball of your heel on the knee, the other leg's knee. And then you hold your hands above your head to form like a namaste or a triangle. As long as your eyes are open, you stand upright. Shut your eyes, you fall. It's a system and we don't even realize it, right? So this is something we're still...   0:21:38.3 Andrew Stotz: You also fall in that posture when your teacher says, as mine did once, "Now you're in the position. Now raise your other leg."   [laughter]   0:21:54.5 Andrew Stotz: My yoga teacher didn't come yesterday, but I did my sessions every day. But I haven't been able to do that one yet.   0:22:03.6 Balaji Reddie: We had that joke in school. Why does the crane stand on one leg? [laughter] 'Cause if it raised the other leg, it'd fall. [laughter] So it continues standing on one leg. So yes. So you have the synergistic relationships which exist, all right? And it's so difficult then to establish these interrelationships. And sometimes they're visible, sometimes they're not, all right? And sometimes you get to see the results right up front. Sometimes you get to see them in time delay. And that is why Deming said continual improvement. It never stops. Continual learning. You can never say you have complete knowledge of a process or a system. You can never say that, right? And now comes the best part. When you say here that all these are interconnected and there's synergy and then there's cause and effect not closely related in time and space, the output of a system, that is why, is subject to variation. And that's why the study of variation becomes important, right?   0:23:16.2 Balaji Reddie: And when you draw a diagram saying, suppose you say this is a system and all the components are there and you draw the interconnectedness and you draw an arrow and you say, "Okay, you're getting the system is subject to variation," right? Can you with absolute certainty say that because here, because the funny thing is each of the component's performance is also subject to variation, right? So can you say that, this combination gave me this output? You can never say that. You can only say it's probable, might be somewhere here. And so I think Walter Shewhart's greatness was in recognizing that what is natural to a system and what is not natural. When do you start asking the question, "What do I know about this?" When you cannot predict. When you can predict with a certain amount of certainty that this is going to happen.   0:24:14.6 Balaji Reddie: It is between these two limits. Well, then that's when you say, "Okay, I think I know quite a bit about this, but I don't know much. I want to reduce those limits, because I want to be as certain as possible when I make a prediction." And that was what was continual learning. It was not so much about cost. It was as much as it had to do about understanding and predicting. I know what's going to happen next. To a certain extent, this will happen. This will happen, right? And that's where the understanding of variation comes in. Okay, and then he brought in the third, that in variation, you saw that there were what he called as random variation and assignable variation, or what Deming had common and special cause variation. Common causes belong to the system and special causes are alien to the system under study, right? And so say it's easier to identify the special causes because they tell you something is not right. And so you can say, "I know it happened." You can isolate and say, "This is the cause," right? It makes it easier for you then to isolate that, study it, but...   0:25:30.1 Andrew Stotz: I just had that happen this morning.   0:25:32.4 Balaji Reddie: Okay.   0:25:33.7 Andrew Stotz: I'll give you an example.   0:25:35.2 Balaji Reddie: Yeah, sure.   0:25:36.0 Andrew Stotz: I've been working with my accounting team and what we're trying to do is make sure we have on-time and accurate monthly financial statements. And I've chosen those words very, very carefully. And what I've done with the team is ask them, there's no pressure in this. All I'm asking you to do is pick a day that you think we will be able to have on-time and accurate monthly financial statements. And then they pick their days for each month to the end of the year, which pretty much certainty accounting is a repeating of a similar function. And so then as I was talking with them throughout that day, I said, "Why are these boxes piled up around here?" And they said, "Well, the room that we store them in is getting full." The paper, 'cause you have a regulation in Thailand, you have to have your accounting documents for up to six or eight years on premises in case the revenue department comes. So I said, "Well, show me that room." And we went to the room and it was an absolute mess. It's like people have been dumping boxes and papers in there for five years.   0:26:51.6 Balaji Reddie: Wow.   0:26:52.6 Andrew Stotz: And I said, "Okay. You got to clean up this room this month." They're like, "Ah, it's going to take us two months." I said, "Look, this is critical." And they agreed. And so they have now completed that task, but it consumed so much of their time to do that. And it looks beautiful now. But they're two days late on the on-time and accurate monthly financials. And if we were to look at that on a control chart, we would see that it's a big deviation from what they've been able to do. But that special cause is almost meaningless, just as meaningless as the random variation in the sense that this was just a simple situation where there was a trade-off, they made the trade-off, and it's an acceptable trade-off.   0:27:43.1 Balaji Reddie: Yeah, I'd like to put it this way. When you know why it has happened, it's not that harmful, right? As long as you can predict when we do something. It's the unpredictability that makes a special cause harmful. And that's why when I used the term that Deming's thinking was about reducing or eliminating harmful variation, that is things which get out of your hand and you usually don't know why it's happening. So once you get to know, I believe that this could be connected, yeah, that's a good place to start, right?   0:28:15.7 Andrew Stotz: Yeah. Now, someone that doesn't understand the situation and look back over time may not understand what that cause was, which I'm thinking that I want to develop kind of a note-taking system where we actually write down what was that so that we have a record and an understanding of it. But...   0:28:37.1 Balaji Reddie: Yeah. And so when you say here that there's so many, that complete knowledge is not possible, and that's where you start thinking that was Deming being a pessimist to say complete knowledge is not possible, unknown and unknowable. But no, he was just being realistic. But he did not leave us right there. He said the way you can make the unknown as known as possible is through the theory of knowledge. And that's how the whole thing is. It's beautifully done, what the theory of knowledge is. But he says here, very simply, one of those exercises which you see in the new edition of The New Economics on page 58. But if you go to the old edition, right? That's, I believe, on... Where would that be? Page 84. The example he gives there, effect, the plans and their effect, area A, B, and C, the matrix diagram, if you see that?   0:29:50.0 Andrew Stotz: Yeah.   0:29:50.5 Balaji Reddie: That he says was devised by Henry. And then, of course, he picked on that and put it into his book. I got a chance to actually work on this in the form of a game. And the game, I would break up the audience into four or five groups of five people each and then say, "You're department A, department B, department C," and then have a host of projects lined up for them. And I say, "Now you're going to be ranked and rated based on how you do as a department." And so they would choose those projects where only they were benefiting, right? And obviously, that's what you see in the first table. A chooses three projects, and B chooses two projects, and C chooses three projects. And you see the plus signs there indicating that it's for them, for them alone. And then they are exposed to the fact that, wait a minute, now we're going to give you some extra information. You chose these projects because they were good for you, but now we're going to tell you that these were bad for the others, right? And only one of them was good.   0:30:59.9 Balaji Reddie: And I say, "Okay, now here's this extra information you've been given. Now what are you going to do?" All right. And I said, "I'm giving you five minutes to... Because the company is going to do badly, right? And even though you get a good rating, but the company does badly and eventually the company might have to shut down. So what would you want to do now? I'm giving you five minutes to rectify this." You know, Andrew, not even five minutes was necessary. They would come back within two or three minutes and say, "Let's just choose those projects where everyone gains." And I was surprised the first time that happened. And that's why Deming said cooperation is the key and it is natural. It's just that we have brought in this competition thing. So competition is not natural. He says cooperation is natural. [laughter]   0:31:53.9 Andrew Stotz: And that, in Asia, and I can speak to Thailand, what I like to tell people here in Thailand for managers and people running business is that the core strength of Thai people is that they want to work together. So when you break them up and you put them into groups and then you incentivize them either by group or by individual, you destroy one of their core strengths.   0:32:28.7 Balaji Reddie: Right.   0:32:29.1 Andrew Stotz: That's not a core strength of American. A lot of Americans don't want to work together. They just want to do their own thing. Right? They've been trained to be independent and they don't want that hassle. But in Asia, particularly in Thailand, where we're struggling to bring more and more value, what's happened is the KPI mentality of divide and conquer really is damaging. And it brings me to another point or question that I wanted to mention, and that is about the natural... My mom has a saying, and it's "inch by inch, it's a cinch, yard by yard, it's hard." And what she was telling me was to break things down into manageable parts and then work on the next right part, and then you will start to make progress. And we have studied under Adam Smith and the concept of how division of labor brings value, can increase output. And so there's a whole side of things. And then we're incentivized as individuals, particularly in the West, but let's say generally that, if it's to be, it's going to be up to you and you got to make yourself performance and your department's performance. I don't care about the others. I care about what you're doing with yours.   0:32:54.6 Andrew Stotz: So there's an accountability aspect and it all comes together to give people the perception that, hey, I need to break this down into smaller parts. And so there's just this natural inclination to do that. And if you were to say to people, you can't break it down into individual parts, that also doesn't work. You have to be able to understand the different parts and their interconnectedness, going back to what you're saying.   0:34:26.8 Balaji Reddie: Yes.   0:34:27.1 Andrew Stotz: But there's a lot of different things that I'm saying here. But I think the thing that I'm saying is that the pressure on most people is to divide and conquer, to say, "I'm going to go and look at this department and you and your performance." And what Deming was saying was, you've got to look wider than that if you're really going to be successful. Tell me where I'm right or wrong or give me some guidance.   0:34:53.5 Balaji Reddie: Yeah. I mean, that's exactly how it is. And I just told you that when I saw this happen, it was like an eye-opener. And then what happened after that was, okay, there were some other projects which where we were not going to do well, but the company's going to come out ahead. So why don't we choose those? And that's exactly what you see in the table, that they choose certain projects where they themselves are... Now that's real optimization, right? That's getting the best for everyone.   0:35:23.4 Andrew Stotz: Yeah.   0:35:24.8 Balaji Reddie: And today it's become an overused and abused term. For anything they use the word optimize. I think Deming was way very clear about this 30 years ago when he came up with this idea. And he said it's for everybody to gain. It's not compromise, it's optimization. Right? So I, of course, have a different take on optimize and we'll see that next week when we come into four parts of profound knowledge. So I'd like to end here with talking about cooperation is the key and I think we realized why.   0:35:59.1 Andrew Stotz: Okay.   0:35:59.8 Balaji Reddie: Deming says it's not about each other, it's win-win. The system should... And he gives that lovely example in the same chapter, the last example, where he talks about the truck company, the two truckers who used to keep their establishment open. Alternately overnight so that both could gain and they would use each other's resources. He said, "I was surprised when I called the pickup truck and I saw that the truck was from his competitor. He sent his competitor's truck to pick up my car." That was a classic case of cooperation. So since he ends with that, he ends that chapter, I'd like to also speak about that. Cooperation is the key because we are dealing with something very complex, right? And none of us is as strong as all of us. It's not just about, like you said, because cause and effect are not closely related, it is imperative now that we need to work together. So that was with systems thinking. Cause and effect are not closely related. There exist synergistic relationships. Seemingly disconnected events turn out to be connected. And outputs are the result of a myriad of inputs. You can never say you know everything. So that was systems thinking for you as they apply to the elements of profound knowledge as well.   0:37:33.3 Andrew Stotz: Great.   0:37:33.7 Balaji Reddie: Next week, we'll get into profound knowledge.   0:37:37.1 Andrew Stotz: You know, I think my ending thought on this goes back to the concept of meditation.   0:37:45.4 Balaji Reddie: Okay.   0:37:45.9 Andrew Stotz: Concept of insight meditation or Vipassana or...   0:37:52.6 Balaji Reddie: Vipassana.   0:37:53.7 Andrew Stotz: Yeah. So part of what I understand about meditation is the idea of clearing our mind in this moment. It may also be just observing our mind and just observing all that's happening and going on, which is fine. And let's say that a meditation master may be able to clear their mind. But let's just say that what we're trying to do is come down to this instant, this moment. And I remember during COVID when a lot of pressures were on in my business and stuff, I used to meditate and focus on one saying, which is, "I'm okay right now at this moment."   0:38:36.7 Balaji Reddie: Right.   0:38:37.1 Andrew Stotz: And why this is interesting is because let's say this moment is time zero. What you've just explained is that there's about 50 million things before time zero that have been connected in one way or another that got you to time zero.   0:38:55.1 Balaji Reddie: Yes.   0:38:55.3 Andrew Stotz: And you also said that a system, as Deming said, is a system includes the future.   0:39:00.2 Balaji Reddie: Future.   0:39:01.2 Andrew Stotz: And that's going to be a function of all the different things that happen after time zero, the interconnected things. And it just made me realize, ah, so the value of meditation, I can see it even more now when I think about all the connections on both the future side and the past side. And so it just helped me think about it from that perspective, a little bit different, but anyways.   0:39:23.4 Balaji Reddie: Yep.   0:39:24.9 Andrew Stotz: So I just want to thank you for taking the time. And in fact, what I was thinking is that I need to do more interviews with our advisors and other board members of the Institute, including yourself, because they've all got a lot to say. And I've got some discussions going on with that right now. So I'm looking forward to that. And so I appreciate the discussion and the journey that you're taking us on. And just for the listeners out there, remember to go to deming.org and jump into DemingNEXT to continue your journey.   0:40:03.8 Balaji Reddie: Yes, absolutely.   0:40:05.3 Andrew Stotz: There's so much, so much to learn and explore. So I'm going to wrap it up there. This is your host, Andrew Stotz, and I'll leave you with one of my favorite quotes from Dr. Deming, and that is, "People are entitled," that includes you...   0:40:21.7 Balaji Reddie: Yes.   0:40:22.4 Andrew Stotz: Are entitled to joy in work.

Dr. Paul Barattiero educates us on hydrogen's benefits for our cells and overall health. He emphasizes that the body naturally produces hydrogen gas through proper gut function, and when this is compromised, health issues arise including immune function problems and cognitive issues. Dr. Barattiero describes how his Echo water product helps restore hydrogen levels in the body, leading to improved gut health, cognitive function, and overall well-being, with visible results including reduced joint pain and tremors within days of consumption. Dr. Paul Barattiero, the founder of Echo Water and LumaNova, discussed his journey into creating hydrogen water products and red light therapy devices. He explained how his personal experience with his wife's health issues led him to discover the benefits of hydrogen gas in water and develop proprietary electrolysis technology to produce high-concentration hydrogen water. Dr. Barattiero emphasized that 90% of portable hydrogen water bottles on the market are scams, while his Echo flask produces 6-8 parts per million of hydrogen gas using pure water and proprietary technology. The conversation also covered his red light therapy business, LumaNova, which offers clinical-grade devices with German LEDs and third-party validated performance. Both companies focus on providing legitimate, scientifically-backed products that mimic natural processes in the body, with Dr. Barattiero stressing the importance of proper skepticism and research when evaluating health products. Visit ConfidenceThroughHealth.com to find discounts to some of our favorite products.Follow me via All In Health and Wellness on Facebook or Instagram.Find my books on Amazon: No More Sugar Coating: Finding Your Happiness in a Crowded World and Confidence Through Health: Live the Healthy Lifestyle God DesignedProduction credit: Social Media Cowboys

Send us Fan MailThis week on Floc-It Friday, Rudy Stankowitz takes aim at one of the most misunderstood concepts in pool chemistry: pH drift. If you've ever been told that pH "just goes up," Rudy has news for you. Water doesn't drift. Chemistry doesn't shrug. And carbon dioxide may be controlling your pool far more than you've been taught. Before diving into chemistry, Rudy opens with a satirical pool industry news segment covering algae in Washington's Reflecting Pool, Leslie's recent financial improvements, private equity acquisitions, above-ground pool recalls, and the growing obsession with smart pool equipment. Topics CoveredBreaking News from the Pool WorldA tongue-in-cheek look at: Algae growth in the Reflecting Pool near the National Mall  "Operation Green Freedom" and a fictional crop-duster copper sulfate deployment  Leslie's reporting improved sales and customer activity  Ongoing consolidation of pool service companies through private equity acquisitions  Above-ground pool recalls making national headlines  The industry's growing fascination with app-connected heat pumps and automation Why "pH Drift" Is a Bad ExplanationRudy challenges one of the industry's most common phrases.Water does not mysteriously "drift."When pH changes, chemistry is causing it.This episode explains why saying pH drift is often an observation rather than an explanation and why understanding the underlying chemistry matters. The Pool Is BreathingOne of the most important concepts discussed:Your swimming pool is continuously exchanging gases with the atmosphere.Topics include: Gas exchange at the air-water interface  Chemical equilibrium  Carbon dioxide movement  Why pools are dynamic systems rather than static containers of water  How atmospheric chemistry influences water chemistry every second of every day Carbon Dioxide: The Hidden Driver of pH RiseMost pool professionals focus on chlorine, alkalinity, calcium hardness, and acid additions.Rudy explains why carbon dioxide deserves far more attention.Learn about: Carbon dioxide dissolution  Carbonic acid formation  The carbonate buffering system  Why carbon dioxide leaving the water causes pH to rise  The relationship between carbon dioxide, bicarbonate, and carbonate chemistry Eric Knight's Brilliant Cyanurate-Alkalinity ExplanationReferencing the June 3rd episode of Rule Your Pool, Rudy revisits Eric Knight's explanation of why cyanurate alkalinity is treated differently depending on the calculation being performed.Discussion includes: Why cyanurate contributes to total alkalinity  How muriatic acid protonates cyanurate ions  The difference between cyanurate ions and cyanuric acid  Why total alkalinity and carbonate alkalinity are not interchangeable  When to use carbonate alkalinity for LSI calculations  Why total alkalinity is still used for acid demand calculations Does pH Still Matter When CYA Is Present?A detailed review of: The FC/CYA relationship  Hypochlorous acid concentration  The effects of pH on sanitizer strength  Why maintaining the proper chlorine-to-CYA ratio matters  Pathogen kill times at different pH levels  Giardia and leptospira examples demonstrating how pH can still influence disinfection performance Total Alkalinity Is Not a ChemicalOne of the central lessons of the episode:Total alkalinity is a measurement, not a substance.Topics include: Buffering capacity  Acid neutralizing capacity  Carbonate and bicarbonate systems  Why alkalinity gets blamed for everything  The difference between cause and effect in water chemistry Le Chatelier's Principle and Pool ChemistryRudy breaks down one of chemistry's most important concepts into practical pool language.Learn: What happens when equilibrium is disturbed  How the carbonate system responds to carbon dioxide loss  Why hydrogen ion concentration changes  The actual mechanism behind rising pH Why Waterfalls, Spas, Bubblers, and Deck Jets Raise pHIf your backyard resembles a miniature Bellagio, this section is for you.Topics include: Aeration and turbulence  Increased gas exchange  Carbon dioxide stripping  Why decorative water features often accelerate pH rise  Understanding the relationship between aeration and water balance Salt Systems and pH RiseA common misconception is addressed:Salt systems do not create pH.Instead, they create conditions that accelerate carbon dioxide loss.Discussion includes: Hydrogen gas production  Increased turbulence  Gas transfer dynamics  Why salt pools often experience persistent pH rise Acid and Aeration: The Ultimate DemonstrationRudy explains why the classic acid-and-aeration method for lowering total alkalinity proves that carbon dioxide—not alkalinity—is driving pH rise.A practical chemistry lesson every service technician should understand. Key Takeaways pH does not mysteriously drift.  Carbon dioxide is often the real driver of pH rise.  Total alkalinity is a measurement, not a chemical.  Aeration accelerates carbon dioxide loss.  Salt systems indirectly contribute to rising pH by increasing gas exchange.  Understanding equilibrium makes pool chemistry easier to predict.  Once you understand carbon dioxide, many long-standing pool chemistry mysteries disappear. Support the showThank you so much for listening! You can find us on social media:FacebookInstagramTik TokEmail us: talkingpools@gmail.com

Molecular hydrogen improves your body's antioxidant defenses instead of directly lowering oxidative stress, helping you recover without blocking muscle adaptation Molecular hydrogen helps you maintain speed and power during repeated sprints, especially in the final, fatigue-heavy stages where performance normally declines Hydrogen supports your cellular energy systems by improving mitochondrial function, allowing your muscles to maintain power under stress Unlike traditional antioxidants, hydrogen targets only the most damaging molecules, preserving the signals your body relies on to build strength and endurance Using hydrogen in short, repeated doses, especially through hydrogen-rich water, strengthens your body's resilience and speeds recovery over time

In this episode, Madelyn O'Farrell talks with Celadyne founder and CEO Gary Ong about how a new membrane material can unlock the full potential of electrochemistry for hydrogen, long-duration energy storage, and critical material separations. Gary shares his journey from PhD researcher to startup founder after big corporates passed on his invention, then explains how Celadyne's membrane dramatically reduces hydrogen crossover, boosting fuel-cell durability and cutting critical materials in electrolyzers. They dive into the grid-capacity crunch facing hyperscalers, why hydrogen plus electrolyzers and fuel cells makes sense at 50–100+ MW scale, and how salt-cavern storage enables multi-day and even week-long clean power from solar. Gary also unpacks the geopolitical race over hydrogen technology between the U.S. and China, the strategic role of hydrogen for defense and fuel logistics, and closes by arguing that the real constraint to building next-generation energy and AI infrastructure in the U.S. is workforce development and the shortage of skilled trades. Highlights from their conversation include: Gary's Journey From PhD to Energy Tech Founder (0:44) What Celadyne Does and Why Electrochemistry Matters (2:11) Reinventing Membranes and Unlocking New Markets (4:54) Grid Capacity, Hyperscalers, and Long Duration Storage (7:14) Electrolyzers Plus Fuel Cells for Multi Day Energy (10:45) Why Power Price Matters Less Than Compute Productivity (14:21) Geopolitics, China, and The Hydrogen Technology Race (15:29) Hydrogen's Role in U.S. Energy Mix and Resiliency (19:59) Defense Use Cases, Submarines, and Synthetic Fuel (20:56) Air Force Funding and Early Defense Partnerships (25:27) Workforce Development as the Real Infrastructure Bottleneck (26:58) Closing Thoughts on Reindustrialization and Skilled Trades (28:58) Dynamo Ventures is a venture firm backing founders upgrading the physical economy. As intelligence moves into critical infrastructure and technology collides with physics, industry is entering a new era of transformation - the industrial renaissance. Born from the dirt and grit of supply chains and shaped by operations, not spreadsheets, Dynamo focuses on the complex realities of building in the real world. We invest in companies transforming infrastructure, manufacturing, logistics, transportation, and the systems that power global commerce. Dynamo works closely with founders who combine ambition with a bias to action, bringing a builder mindset to venture capital through deep operational insight, systematic pressure-testing and hands-on partnership. Our purpose is simple: to back the relentless shaping the industrial renaissance. Learn more at www.dynamo.vc. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Don't miss the free live hydrogen workshop with Kashif. Save your seat at https://midlifeconversations.com/hydrogen  What if every biohack you've tried has been missing the one piece that actually makes it work? Red light, peptides, cold plunges, NAD, wellness IVs. You've tried some of them. Some worked. Some didn't. And here's the maddening part: your friend is thriving on the same protocol that made you feel worse. That's not random, and you're not broken. There's a reason, and it's rooted in your unique biology in ways most practitioners never explain. In this episode, I sit down with Kashif Khan, founder of The DNA Company and someone I genuinely call my health guru. Kashif healed himself from a cascade of chronic conditions including eczema so severe his eye was sealed shut, psoriasis, gut issues, migraines, and depression, all by going deep into functional genomics rather than accepting diagnoses and prescriptions. He now runs what may be the largest functional medicine clinic in the country by volume, working with the most complex cases imaginable. We cover what red light actually does inside your mitochondria and how you can completely overdo it, the real reason peptides cause side effects when used without proper sequencing, why 89% of your cholesterol score has nothing to do with food, and the one molecule Kashif keeps coming back to no matter who the patient is. We also go deep on why hydrogen tablets and bottles are not doing what you think they're doing and what the research actually shows it takes to move the needle. This is one of those conversations that makes you rethink everything. Listen all the way through. WE GO DEEP ON:  Why the same biohack transforms your friend but wrecks you What red light really does inside your cells and how to overdo it Why peptide order matters more than peptide choice Why 89% of your cholesterol score has nothing to do with food Why hydrogen has peer-reviewed studies on every chronic disease Hydrogen tablets vs. breathing: a tablet equals about 20 seconds How to rebuild the 70% of mitochondria you've lost since your 50s Cold plunges, saunas, PEMF, and wellness IVs: what's worth it and what isn't   Catch the full episode on YOUTUBE HERE: https://bit.ly/MidlifeConversationsYouTube   Learn More About Kashif Khan Instagram ➜ https://www.instagram.com/kashkhanofficial  Website ➜ https://midlifeconversations.com/hydrogen    Free Gifts for being a listener of Midlife Conversations! Mastering the Midlife Midsection Guide: https://theflatbellyguide.com/ Age Optimizing and Supplement Guide: https://ageoptimizer.com   Connect with me on social media! Instagram: www.Instagram.com/Nataliejllfit Facebook: www.Facebook.com/Nataliejillfit   For advertising inquiries: https://www.category3.ca/  Disclaimer: Information provided in the Midlife Conversations podcast is for informational purposes only. This information is NOT intended as a substitute for the advice provided by your physician or other healthcare professional. Do not use the information provided in this podcast for diagnosing or treating a health problem or disease, or prescribing medication or other treatment. Always speak with your physician or other healthcare professional before making any changes to your current regimen.  Information provided in this podcast and the use of any products or services related to this podcast does not create a client-patient relationship between you and the host of Midlife Conversations or you and any doctor or provider interviewed and featured on this show. Information and statements may have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration and are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent ANY disease. Advertising Disclosure: Some episodes of Midlife Conversations may be sponsored by products or services discussed during the show. The host may receive compensation for such advertisements or if you purchase products through affiliate links. Opinions expressed about products or services are those of the host and/or guests and do not necessarily reflect the views of any sponsor. Sponsorship does not imply endorsement of any product or service by healthcare professionals featured on this podcast.  

In conclusion, the only good theory of taste is Nostalgebraist's. He wrote a post called Hydrogen Jukeboxes, analyzing the literary output of an AI called R1. This AI tried hard to write good fiction, which was part of the problem. It crammed its stories with what Nostalgebraist called (stealing a term from Ginsberg) the "eyeball kick" - a flashy stylistic move that immediately catches the reader's attention and "wows" them. Here are examples - some from R1, others from an experimental OpenAI model trained specifically for fiction-writing: "There is a prompt like a spell: write a story about AI and grief, and the rest of this is scaffolding—protagonists cut from whole cloth, emotions dyed and draped over sentences." "When the jar of Sam's laughter shattered, Eli found the sound pooled on the floorboards like liquid amber, thick and slow. It had been their best summer, that laughter—ripe with fireflies and porch wine—now seeping into the cracks, fermenting." "And so I built a Mila and a Kai and a field of marigolds that never existed. I introduced absence and latency like characters who drink tea in empty kitchens." "The morning her shadow began unspooling from her feet, Clara found it coiled beneath the kitchen table like a serpent made of smoke." Nostalgebraist and another writer, Coagulopath, catalogue some of the most common AI eyeball kicks, each occurring across multiple LLM models: "An overwhelming reliance on cliche. Everything is a shadow, an echo, a whisper, a void, a heartbeat, a pulse, a river, a flower—you see it spinning its Rolodex of 20-30 generic images and selecting one at random." "Conjunctions combining one thing that is abstract and/or incorporeal with another thing that is concrete and/or sensory." "Repetitive writing. Once you've seen about ten R1 samples you can recognize its style on sight. The way it italicises the last word of a sentence. Its endless "not thing x, but thing y" parallelisms…the way how, if you don't like a story, it's almost pointless reprompting it: you just get the same stuff again, smeared around your plate a bit."   https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/nostalgebraists-hydrogen-jukeboxes

In this episode of The Jimmy Rex Show, Jimmy sits down with Paul Barattiero, founder of Echo Water and one of the leading voices in hydrogen water research.Paul shares the personal story that launched his mission after watching his wife's health dramatically improve from chronic illness. The conversation dives deep into hydration, gut health, inflammation, oxidative stress, recovery, anti-aging, athletic performance, and the growing body of research surrounding molecular hydrogen.They discuss why hydration may be the most overlooked health habit, how gut health impacts nearly every disease process, and why many professional athletes, biohackers, and longevity experts are paying attention to hydrogen water.Whether you're focused on performance, recovery, longevity, or simply feeling better, this episode challenges conventional thinking about one of the most basic elements of human health.Follow Dr. Paul Barattiero: IG

Thank you for joining us for our 2nd Cabral HouseCall of the weekend!   I'm looking forward to sharing with you some of our community's questions that have come in over the past few weeks…   Emily: Hi Dr Cabral, you are just such an amazing soul! Keep doing gods great work! I'm writing in to ask about my personal situation, I am 34, I had a throat cancer back in 2019, underwent radiation and surgery. Since then I had 2 babies, and came down with autoimmune symptoms this last year 2025. Since then I dove into healing myself, finished a gut program, did "big 5" labs, just did a 3 month mold detox. I am a year out and my food sensitivities are gone, brain fog gone, gut healed. But what is remaining is rosacea still, and I just did a teeth cleaning and we are still seeing inflamed gums. I am working with a practitioner and we know I have some viruses to tackle next and boost my immune system. At this point is there anything more you would add, to help me get rid of remaining rosecea?      Ashley: Hi Dr. Cabral! I installed the hydrogen water device you recommended in my home last summer. My family loves it, however whenever I personally drink the water I get SEVERELY constipated. I have run 4 tests now over the last 6 months and every time I reintroduce the water (even at a low pH and titrating up as advised by your team) the constipation returns. Ironically the very first week I tried the water I was having 3-4 BMs a day before the constipation trend began. Do you have any ideas what could be going on? I'm an IHP-L2 and have consulted your team and the support groups, but everyone seems perplexed... hence my outreach to you directly on this one. Note I did the CBO protocol 2x last yr for recurring gut infections before uncovering I have mold toxicity & am now on this protocol.      Brett: Hi Dr. Cabral—I'm seeking guidance on refractory hypercoagulability. I've had 77 DVTs and 33 pulmonary emboli, and was diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome two years ago. Despite therapeutic anticoagulation with daily Arixtra (fondaparinux), I continue to develop thrombotic events. Are there evidence-informed adjunct strategies (e.g., anti-inflammatory protocols, micronutrient optimization, endothelial support, or additional labs) that may help reduce clot recurrence alongside standard care? I remain under physician management but am exploring complementary approaches to improve outcomes. Thank you.       Kay: Dear Dr. Cabral- Thank you so much for the work you are doing and all your super informative podcasts. I took the Minerals & Metals test end of 2024 which showed high mercury and aluminum so in November of 2025 I had all 4 of my mercury amalgams removed by a biological dentist who is SMART certified. After removal, I did my Heavy Metal Detox for 8 weeks. I then retested at the beginning of April and just received my test results and was dismayed to see Mercury levels exactly the same and the aluminum slightly higher, even. Several other minerals were off balance as well. My question to you is how long would it take to detox from amalgam removals and should I do another heavy metal detox? Or did I retest too early? Appreciate your help, Kay       Kay: Hi Dr Cabral, Recently I had conventional bloodwork labs done and repeated (Mar 31st, April 3rd) testing high in magnesium levels (2.4 mg/dL and 2.5 mg/dL, respectively) and experienced symptoms of palpitations at night. My functional medicine Dr told me to stop taking any supplements/nutritional beverages containing Mg (i.e. CALM Mg powder) which I did. Even more of a surprise was when I received my recent Minerals & Metals test back, done around the same time as my blood tests, showing that I had an elevated Ca/Mg ratio (7.9) indicating relative Mg deficiency and elevated Na/Mg ratio (5.3) also indicating a relative Mg deficiency. How could both of these labs be true? Could stress play a factor? I recently moved and am caring for parents, 1 who has been Dx'd w/cancer.     Thank you for tuning into this weekend's Cabral HouseCalls and be sure to check back tomorrow for our Mindset & Motivation Monday show to get your week started off right!   - - - Show Notes and Resources: StephenCabral.com/3761 - - - Get a FREE Copy of Dr. Cabral's Book: The Rain Barrel Effect - - - Join the Community & Get Your Questions Answered: CabralSupportGroup.com - - - Dr. Cabral's Most Popular At-Home Lab Tests: > Complete Minerals & Metals Test (Test for mineral imbalances & heavy metal toxicity) - - - > Complete Candida, Metabolic & Vitamins Test (Test for 75 biomarkers including yeast & bacterial gut overgrowth, as well as vitamin levels) - - - > Complete Stress, Mood & Metabolism Test (Discover your complete thyroid, adrenal, hormone, vitamin D & insulin levels) - - - > Complete Food Sensitivity Test (Find out your hidden food sensitivities) - - - > Complete Omega-3 & Inflammation Test (Discover your levels of inflammation related to your omega-6 to omega-3 levels) - - - Get Your Question Answered On An Upcoming HouseCall: StephenCabral.com/askcabral - - - Would You Take 30 Seconds To Rate & Review The Cabral Concept? The best way to help me spread our mission of true natural health is to pass on the good word, and I read and appreciate every review!  

A recent study simulated the extreme temperatures and pressure of the Earth's interior by squeezing a sample between diamonds and heating it with a laser. In those simulations, researchers found that the Earth's core may contain vast amounts of hydrogen, locked away in alloys with iron and silicon. Planetary scientist Anat Shahar joins Host Ira Flatow to discuss what this tells us about how the planet formed, and where water on Earth may have come from.  Then, another kind of deep history: Paleontologist Arnaud Rebillard introduces Host Flora Lichtman to “regurgitalite”—fossilized vomit. Rebillard studied a sample of regurgitalite some 50 million years older than the dinosaurs. Guests:  Dr. Anat Shahar is a planetary scientist, and vice president for research at the Carnegie Institution for Science in Washington, D.C. Arnaud Rebillard is a PhD candidate in paleontology at the Natural History Museum of Berlin. Other episodes you may enjoy: Could Underground Hydrogen Reserves Put Clean Energy Within Reach? A Reptile's Baffling Backfin And The Math Of Dashing Dinos Want SciFri gear? Check out our new shop! The transcript for this episode is available at sciencefriday.com. Subscribe to this podcast. Follow our show on Instagram, TikTok, Facebook, and Bluesky @scifri and sign up for our newsletters. Got a science question that's keeping you up at night? Call us: 877-4-SCIFRI Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

What is a starquake? On this episode, Neil deGrasse Tyson and comic co-host Matt Kirshen explore asteroseismology, the sun, and what's happening on the insides of stars with astrophysicist Conny Aerts. NOTE: StarTalk+ Patrons can listen to this entire episode commercial-free here:  https://startalkmedia.com/show/cosmic-queries-starquakes-with-conny-aerts/ Subscribe to SiriusXM Podcasts+ to listen to new episodes of StarTalk Radio ad-free and a whole week early.Start a free trial now on Apple Podcasts or by visiting siriusxm.com/podcastsplus. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.