Podcasts about racial differences

This episode of the Armed Forces & Society AI podcast series is a conversational-style AI summary of Richard T. Cooney, Jr., Mady Wechsler Segal, David R. Segal, and William W. Falk's article entitled, 'Racial Differences in the Impact of Military Service on the Socioeconomic Status of Women Veterans'. All podcasts, videos, and content listed below are AI-generated adaptations of scholarly articles originally published in Armed Forces & Society. These derivative products are intended solely as supplementary means of engaging with academic research. The content was generated using Google's NotebookLM and does not constitute an authoritative or complete representation of the original article. While care has been taken to reflect the themes and arguments of the source material, AI-generated summaries may contain omissions, simplifications, or inaccuracies. Use the original articles to verify all claims and to cite the work. The AI-generated media is not for citation. Audiences seeking a full, accurate, and nuanced understanding of the research should consult the original published work. The authors have elected to give permission for Armed Forces & Society to derive AI-generated videos and podcasts from their work. Because of the possibility for AI to misconstrue or misrepresent the author's original work, Armed Forces & Society and Sage absolve the authors from all responsibility for the AI-generated statements and inferences. All rights to the original articles and any derivative media are reserved by the authors, Armed Forces & Society, and Sage Publishing.

Radical History and Racial Dynamics of Mormon Garments Nancy Ross and Jessica Finnigan, co-authors of Mormon Garments, Sacred and Secret dive into the unexpected history and sociological complexities of LDS temple garments. From Joseph Smith’s early design demands to the modern realities of race and garment surveillance, this episode uncovers the fascinating evolution of this deeply personal practice. https://youtu.be/_Rt8-TabB-U Don't miss our other conversations Nancy Ross: https://gospeltangents.com/people/nancy-ross/ Copyright © 2026 Gospel Tangents All Rights Reserved Mormon Garments Radical, Seamless Origin The conversation travels back to Nauvoo in the 1840s, where Joseph Smith first commissioned seamstress Elizabeth Warren Allred to create a garment with as few seams as possible. Because standard 19th-century clothing relied heavily on seams to economically fit the shape of a body, Allred had to cut the unyielding muslin fabric three times before meeting his specifications. The authors debunk a popular historical myth: Joseph Smith was not simply adopting the “union suit,” as that style of single-piece underwear wasn’t developed until decades later. Instead, Smith’s design was actually a radical, progressive departure from the standard underwear of the time, anticipating later 19th-century dress and health reform movements that advocated for fewer restrictive layers. Making Sense of the Data: 12 Years and French Philosophy Transforming their massive 2014 survey into a book was a grueling 12-year process. Ross and Finnigan realized their raw data was far too messy and complex to neatly fit into a few journal articles. To make meaning of the thousands of intimate stories, they utilized intersectional theory (a branch of critical race theory) to understand how the disadvantages of racism and sexism impact wearers. They also drew heavily on French philosopher Michel Foucault’s concept of the “panopticon” to explore how surveillance and secrecy operate within Mormon culture, illustrating how members internalize institutional rules to monitor themselves and others. Despite utilizing heavy academic frameworks, the authors worked diligently to weave the theory naturally into the text, ensuring the book remains highly approachable and relatable for everyday readers. Politics of White Underwear One of the most striking sociological discussions in the episode centers on race. The authors explicitly identify the race of their survey respondents to highlight how garments interact differently with non-white bodies. For instance, wearing stark white underclothing makes the garments highly visible against darker skin tones. Furthermore, the historical design choices for garments were largely patterned after European body shapes, creating distinct physical challenges for people of color, such as Pacific Islanders, whose bodies may not easily conform to those specific cuts. The authors argue that because Mormon discourse heavily emphasizes purity and whiteness, the racial classification and physical realities of bodies wearing these garments make the practice inherently political. While their initial survey lacked a massive sample of people of color, their co-author Larissa Kano Kindred has since gathered data from 8,000 women—including a significant demographic of women of color—which will further explore these racial dynamics in future publications. Century of Evolution The episode wraps by looking at the slow arc of garment modernization. It wasn’t until 1923 that the church finally allowed for stretchy, knitted fabrics, shortened the sleeves to the elbow, and replaced string ties with buttons. Even then, as the church commissioned an internal report in the 1930s to suggest further popular changes, the long-requested move to sleeveless garments was left on the cutting room floor. Don't miss our other conversations Nancy Ross: https://gospeltangents.com/people/nancy-ross/ Copyright © 2026 Gospel Tangents All Rights Reserved 0:00 History of Garments 10:32 How 3 Authors Write a Book 27:34 Racial Differences? What do you think of the history? Had you considered all of these factors?

Dr. Reni Butler speaks with Dr. Anne Marie McCarthy and Dr. Christine Edmonds about their study examining Black–White racial differences in background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) on contrast-enhanced breast MRI. They discuss the finding that black women had higher odds of high BPE independent of breast density, explore potential biologic and environmental drivers, and consider how quantitative BPE assessment could improve breast cancer risk stratification and screening equity. Black-White Racial Differences in Background Parenchymal Enhancement at Breast MRI. Mahmoud et al. Radiology 2026; 318(1):e251041.

Are you doing "all the right things" for menopause but still feel like your body didn't get the memo? Have you ever wondered why some women suffer longer, harder, and with fewer answers during the menopause transition? Well, sometimes it's down to race and ethnicity.  We cover: Why menopause symptoms last dramatically longer for some women, and what the SWAN Study reveals about race, ethnicity, and biology The foundational "trifecta" every woman needs before hormones can truly work Why basic cholesterol labs often miss real cardiovascular risk in midlife women Which advanced heart tests are most useful, and which are overhyped Where breast cancer screening should really begin, and what to do about the fear of mammograms Dr. Jessica Shepherd is a board-certified gynecologist, menopause specialist, and nationally recognized women's health expert. She is the Chief Medical Officer for Hers and the founder of Sanctum Med + Wellness in Dallas, where she helps women optimize their health. She is the author of Generation M, a book about menopause and longevity. Dr. Shepherd has appeared on Good Morning America, The Today Show, CNN, and many other media outlets. She serves on advisory boards for Women's Health Magazine, Women'sHealth.org, and the Society for Women's Health Research.  Generation M book: https://amzn.to/3Zmsdp1 Contact Dr. Jessica Shepherd: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/jessicashepherdmd Website: https://www.jessicashepherdmd.com/ Email: hello@jessicashepherdmd.com Modern Meno: https://www.instagram.com/modernmeno/ Sanctum Well: https://www.sanctumwell.com/ Give thanks to our sponsors: Try Vitali skincare. 20% off with code ZORA here - https://vitaliskincare.com Get Primeadine spermidine by Oxford Healthspan. 15% discount with code ZORA ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠here⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ - http://oxfordhealthspan.com/discount/ZORA Get Mitopure Urolithin A by Timeline. 20% discount with code ZORA at https://timeline.com/zora Try Suji to improve muscle 10% off with code ZORA at TrySuji.com - https://trysuji.com Try OneSkin skincare with code ZORA for 15% off https://oneskin.pxf.io/c/3974954/2885171/31050   Join the Hack My Age community on: YouTube: https://youtube.com/@hackmyage Facebook Page: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@⁠Hack My Age⁠     Facebook Group: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@⁠Biohacking Menopause⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠   Biohacking Menopause Private Women's Only Support Group: https://hackmyage.com/biohacking-menopause-membership/ Instagram: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@⁠HackMyAge⁠    Website: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠HackMyAge.com⁠    For partnership inquiries: https://www.category3.ca/  Some episodes of Hack My Age are supported by partners whose products or services may be discussed during the show. The host may receive compensation or earn a minor commission if you purchase through affiliate links at no extra cost to you. All opinions shared are those of the host and guests, based on personal experience and research, and do not necessarily represent the views of any sponsor. Sponsorships do not imply medical endorsement or approval by any healthcare provider featured on this podcast.

Ep. 377: The Myth of the Aging Placenta with Sophie Messager, Phd  Have you ever been told your placenta might be “too old”? Maybe you've heard that once you hit 35 or if you've conceived through IVF, your placenta just can't keep up. This so-called “aging placenta” idea gets tossed around a lot, but here's the truth: it's a myth. In this episode of The Birth Lounge Podcast, I'm joined by the incredible Dr. Sophie Messager, a former reproductive psychologist and current doula, to set the record straight. Together, we dive into: The history of the “aging placenta” myth and how it gained traction What science really says about how the placenta changes in late pregnancy Why these misconceptions can strip away maternal autonomy and fuel unnecessary interventions The role of intuition when navigating medical recommendations How systemic bias and racial disparities play into maternity care And drumming… yes, you read that right: how drumming can become a powerful, grounding tool during pregnancy This conversation will give you the knowledge (and confidence) to challenge outdated beliefs and trust that your body isn't broken. It''s brilliant.

Melissa E. Middeldorp, MPH, PhD, University Medical Centre, Groningen & University of Adelaide, is joined by So-Ryoung Lee, MD, PhD, Seoul National University Hospital, and Adrian D. Elliott, PhD, University of Adelaide/Royal, Adelaide Hospital, to discuss a study that compares atrial fibrillation (AF) epidemiology and risk factors between the UK Biobank (a predominantly European cohort) and the Korean NHIS-HEALS cohort to explore racial differences in AF incidence. Findings revealed that AF was more prevalent in the UK cohort than in the Korean cohort, with BMI and smoking showing stronger associations with AF risk in the UK population. Despite these differences, several risk factors, including hypertension and diabetes, were common predictors in both populations. The study highlights the complex interplay of lifestyle and healthcare system factors along with analysis of different large cohort studies in AF development and underscores the need for population-specific risk assessment and prevention strategies. https://www.hrsonline.org/education/TheLead https://www.heartrhythmjournal.com/article/S1547-5271(25)00128-6/fulltext Host Disclosure(s): M. Middeldorp: Nothing to disclose.   Contributor Disclosure(s): S. Lee: Nothing to disclose. A. Elliott: Nothing to disclose.   This episode has .25 ACE credits associated with it. If you want credit for listening to this episode, please visit the episode page on HRS365: https://www.heartrhythm365.org/URL/TheLeadEpisode96

In this episode, we explore the critical role nurses play in advancing health equity within the ICU. Jennifer Adamski, president of the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses, shares insights on how nurses can make a difference at the bedside and the challenges they face. We also discuss strategies for empowering nurses and fostering a culture of equity in critical care.This episode is sponsored by Medtronic.Areia C, King E, Ede J, Young L, Tarassenko L, Watkinson P, Vollam S. Experiences of current vital signs monitoring practices and views of wearable monitoring: A qualitative study in patients and nurses. Journal of advanced nursing. 2022 Mar;78(3):810-22Williams EC, Polito V. Meditation in the Workplace: Does Mindfulness Reduce Bias and Increase Organisational Citizenship Behaviours? Front Psychol. 2022 Apr 11;13:747983. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.747983. PMID: 35478759; PMCID: PMC9035788.Lewis CL, Yan A, Williams MY, Apen LV, Crawford CL, Morse L, Valdez AM, Alexander GR, Grant E, Valderama-Wallace C, Beatty D. Health equity: A concept analysis. Nurs Outlook. 2023 Sep-Oct;71(5):102032. doi: 10.1016/j.outlook.2023.102032. Epub 2023 Sep 6. PMID: 37683597.Bhavani SV, Wiley Z, Verhoef PA, Coopersmith CM, Ofotokun I. Racial Differences in Detection of Fever Using Temporal vs Oral Temperature Measurements in Hospitalized Patients. JAMA. 2022;328(9):885–886. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.12290P Malhotra, L Shaw, J Barnett, E Hayter, N Hill, P Stockton. St Helens and Knowsley. P179 Patient safety alert: a prospective study on 100 patients highlighting inaccuracy of pulse oximeter finger probes used on ear lobes. Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Prescot, UK. 10.1136/thorax-2018-212555.336Torp KD, Modi P, Pollard EJ, Simon LV. Pulse Oximetry. 2023 Jul 30. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan–. PMID: 29262014Nitzan M, Romem A, Koppel R. Pulse oximetry: fundamentals and technology update. Med Devices (Auckl). 2014 Jul 8;7:231-9. doi: 10.2147/MDER.S47319. PMID: 25031547; PMCID: PMC4099100Giuliano KK, Bilkovski RN, Beard J, Lamminmäki S. Comparative analysis of signal accuracy of three SpO2 monitors during motion and low perfusion conditions. J Clin Monit Comput. 2023 Dec;37(6):1451-1461. doi: 10.1007/s10877-023-01029-x. Epub 2023 Jun 2. PMID: 37266709; PMCID: PMC10651546Gudelunas MK, Lipnick M, Hendrickson C, et al. Low Perfusion and Missed Diagnosis of Hypoxemia by Pulse Oximetry in Darkly Pigmented Skin: A Prospective Study. Anesth Analg. 2024;138(3):552-561. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000006755

When we talk about C-sections, it's often prefaced with “unplanned” or “emergency.” About a third of all the deliveries in the U.S. are cesarean sections, and only about 16% of those are planned. And that leaves a lot of mothers in a position where they're delivering differently than they planned or intended to. And in the U.S., a disproportionate number of those are being performed on black women. So how are we going to get to the root of what's going on? Today on ParentData, we're joined by Molly Schnell, whose paper “Drivers of Racial Differences in C-Sections” explores this phenomenon. Molly is an assistant professor of economics at Northwestern University and her paper found that black mothers with unscheduled deliveries are 25% more likely to deliver by C-section than white mothers. And she argues that implicit racial bias among providers or possibly even a financial incentive in hospitals to fill their operating rooms may play a role in this racial gap.Subscribe to ParentData.org for free access to new articles every week on data-driven pregnancy and parenting.ParentData is generously supported by Honeycomb.

America's Town Meeting of the Air was a public affairs discussion program which began on NBC radio's Blue Network in 1935 and ran for 21 years. It was one of radio's first talk shows, and NBC did not expect it to become a success, but it did, and eventually picked up a sponsor. Each week moderator George Denny Jr presided over an examination of a controversial issue with a large audience present and participating in the discussion. We're going to hear America's Town Meeting of the Air on November 16, 1939. The topic is, Should We ignore Racial Differences? More at KRobCollection.com

His research on police brutality and school incentives won him acclaim, but also enemies. He was suspended for two years by Harvard, during which time he took a hard look at corporate diversity programs. As a follow-up to our recent series on the Rooney Rule, we revisit our 2022 conversation with the controversial economist. SOURCE:Roland Fryer, professor of economics at Harvard University. RESOURCES:"How to Make Up the Covid Learning Loss," by Roland Fryer (Wall Street Journal, 2022)."Roland Fryer on Better Alternatives to Defunding the Police," by Roland Fryer (The Economist, 2020)."Harvard Suspends Roland Fryer, Star Economist, After Sexual Harassment Claims," by Ben Casselman and Jim Tankersley (The New York Times, 2019)."Why Diversity Programs Fail: And What Works Better," by Frank Dobbin and Alexandra Kalev (Harvard Business Review, 2016)."An Empirical Analysis of Racial Differences in Police Use of Force," by Roland G. Fryer, Jr (NBER Working Paper, 2016)."Getting Beneath the Veil of Effective Schools: Evidence from New York City," by Will Dobbie and Roland G. Fryer (American Economics Journal, 2013)."Financial Incentives and Student Achievement: Evidence From Randomized Trials," by Roland G. Fryer (The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2011)."Toward a Unified Theory of Black America," by Stephen J. Dubner (The New York Times, 2005).Equal Opportunity Ventures.Intus Care.Reconstruction.Sigma Squared. EXTRAS:"Did the N.F.L. Solve Diversity Hiring?" series by Freakonomics Radio (2024)."The True Story of the Gender Pay Gap," by Freakonomics Radio (2016)."Does “Early Education” Come Way Too Late?" by Freakonomics Radio (2015).

Audio Commentary by Dr. Valentin Fuster, Emeritus Editor in Chief

Nathan Cofnas argues that distinct populations have developed specific cognitive abilities due to varying environmental challenges. The conversation explores the definition and validity of racial categorization from a biological perspective, addressing whether certain physical and cognitive differences among races have a genetic basis. Nathan argues that acknowledging these differences does not necessitate negative social implications but rather an honest recognition of human biodiversity. The dialogue delves into the controversy surrounding race realism in academia, including censorship, accusations of racism, and the consequences of denying or accepting biological differences among races. [00:00] Introduction to Race Realism Discussion [00:27] Exploring Human Evolution and Genetic Diversity [02:52] Debating the Reality and Definitions of Race [06:16] The Semantic vs. Metaphysical Nature of Race [12:53] Genetics, Intelligence, and Race [27:26] Addressing Criticisms and Misunderstandings [37:22] Social Implications and Policies on Racial Differences [39:27] The End of Wokeism and the Future of Society [40:14] Quotas and Representation: Navigating the Complexities [41:37] The Role of Environment in Intelligence [46:32] Race, Genetics, and Intelligence: A Controversial Intersection [56:58] The Political and Social Implications of IQ and Race Research [01:06:06] Navigating Academic Freedom and Controversy --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/braininavat/message

Dr. Bhatt is an integrative veterinarian who received her Doctor of Veterinary Medicine in 2009 from the University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine. She became Certified in Acupuncture (CVA) through the Chi Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine. She is also certified in Level II Reiki and Chiropractic / Manipulation. In addition, Dr. Bhatt has served on the Board of Directors for the Chicago Veterinary Medical Association. Dr. Bhatt's medical care philosophy involves finding the appropriate balance between both Western and Eastern therapy options through her house call practice and clinic, Arya Animal Acupuncture. When not involved in veterinary medicine, she engages her artistic side with dance and is playfully referred to as "Dr. Dancer". Topics covered in this episode: Dr. Bhatt's perspectives & experiences with issues of diversity, equity, & inclusion in veterinary medicine  Honoring our religious, ethnic, cultural, & racial differences  Curiosity, connection, & respect over righteousness  Collaboration & support between mobile vets Links and Resources: Visit the Arya Animal Acupuncture - Specialty Integrative Veterinary Medicine website to learn more about Dr. Bhatt Find Arya Animal Acupuncture on Facebook Find Arya Animal Acupuncture on Instagram The House Call Vet Academy links: Find out about The House Call Vet Academy online CE course  Learn more about Dr. Eve Harrison  Learn more about 1-to-1 coaching for current & prospective house call, mobile, & concierge vets Get House Call Vet swag! Find out about the next House Call & Mobile Vet Virtual Conference Music: In loving memory of Dr. Steve Weinberg. Intro and outro guitar music was written, performed, and recorded by house call veterinarian Dr. Steve Weinberg. Thank you to our sponsors! Chronos O3 Vets Rekindling w/ Julie Squires This podcast is also available in video on our House Call Vet Cafe YouTube channel  

Do you want to live to 100? Dietary patterns, community, environment, and stress management play pivotal roles in longevity. From Sardinia's matriarchal villages to Okinawa's garden-rich diets, this episode takes us on a tour of insights. It's not just about living longer, it's about thriving.In today's episode, Jonathan is joined by Dan Buettner and Prof. Tim Spector to discuss the secrets of a longer, healthier life. Together, they journey through the world's blue zones, rare global hotspots where celebrating your 100th birthday is common. The guests also address the threats to these longevity havens and the decline of traditional diets.Dan Buettner is an American National Geographic fellow and New York Times bestselling author. He's also an explorer, educator, and creator of the Netflix series “Live to 100,” which discovers five unique communities where people live extraordinarily long and vibrant lives.Tim Spector is a professor of genetic epidemiology at King's College London, director of the Twins UK study, scientific co-founder of ZOE, and one of the world's leading researchers. He's also the author of Food for Life, his latest book on nutrition and health.If you want to uncover the right foods for your body, head to zoe.com/podcast, and get 10% off your personalized nutrition program.Gut health tips from ZOE Science & Nutrition: Download our FREE gut guide.Follow ZOE on Instagram.Timecodes:00:00 Introduction01:09 Quickfire questions02:33 What are Blue Zones?04:43 Why do people in Blue Zones live longer?06:48 What is a Centenarian?09:00 What are Blue Zone diets?11:49 Foods for longevity15:03 Why are these foods good for us?19:15 Why Blue Zone diets are seasonal and inexpensive 22:30 Is eating meat 5 times a month healthy for us?27:42 Why are the Blue Zones disappearing?31:25 Blue Zone tactics to reduce stress36:02 Can stress reduce life expectancy?40:36 Why unconscious physical activity is best45:07 How can we make our lives more ‘Blue Zone' like?47:23 The number one thing you can do to add years to your life is…48:53 Dan's stress reduction techniques51:39 What is Dan's daily diet?53:16 SummaryMentioned in today's episode:Telomere shortening and the transition to family caregiving in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study from PLOS OneBooks and series from Dan Buettner:The Blue Zones Challenge: A 4-Week Plan for a Longer, Better LifeThe Blue Zones Secrets for Living Longer: Lessons From the Healthiest Places on Earth

In the second installment of this interview, Fae and I discuss racial differences in the kink and fetish communities. We also talk about the judgement that those in various kink and fetish communities can receive. Fae Thin Links: https://www.fae-thin.com/⁠ ⁠https://www.tiktok.com/@mynameis_fae⁠ ⁠https://www.instagram.com/fae.thin --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/1morethingwsologreen/support

Jim talks with Yascha Mounk about the ideas in his new book The Identity Trap: A Story of Ideas and Power. They discuss tribalism among progressives, universalism, the story of Kila Posey, how over-emphasizing ethnic identity fosters zero-sum racial conflicts, how identitarianism led to excess Covid deaths, Foucault's rejection of grand narratives, Edward Said's post-colonialism, Gayatri Spivak's strategic essentialism, being blind to race vs being blind to racism, critical race theory, Derrick Bell's idea of the permanence of racism, how the rejection of universalism escaped college campuses, why progressive organizations are tearing themselves apart, the logic of collective action, how progressive activists have passed off their ideas as those of all non-white people, statistics on police violence, Frederick Douglass's 4th of July speech, cultural appropriation, retaining trust in persuasion, fighting for liberalism, personal & political aspects of the identity trap, and much more. Episode Transcript The Identity Trap: A Story of Ideas and Power, by Yascha Mounk "Why the Latest Campus Cancellation Is Different," by Yascha Mounk JRS EP197 - Susan Neiman on Why Left Is Not Woke "A Political Analysis of Racial Differences in Police Use of Force," by Roland Fryer, Jr. Yascha Mounk is a writer and academic known for his work on the rise of populism and the crisis of liberal democracy. Born in Germany to Polish parents, Mounk received his BA in history from Trinity College Cambridge, and his PhD in government from Harvard University. He is a professor of the practice of international affairs at Johns Hopkins University, the founder of the digital magazine Persuasion, a contributing editor at The Atlantic, host of the podcast “The Good Fight,” a senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, and the author of The Great Experiment and The Identity Trap.

To be a Christian is not only to trust Christ and treasure Christ, but to be indwelt by Christ. And that new identity transforms all our relationships.This show is part of the Spreaker Prime Network, if you are interested in advertising on this podcast, contact us at https://www.spreaker.com/show/3279340/advertisement

To be a Christian is not only to trust Christ and treasure Christ, but to be indwelt by Christ. And that new identity transforms all our relationships.This show is part of the Spreaker Prime Network, if you are interested in advertising on this podcast, contact us at https://www.spreaker.com/show/3279343/advertisement

To be a Christian is not only to trust Christ and treasure Christ, but to be indwelt by Christ. And that new identity transforms all our relationships.This show is part of the Spreaker Prime Network, if you are interested in advertising on this podcast, contact us at https://www.spreaker.com/show/4231678/advertisement

https://youtu.be/2nLWCLsmpJ4 On the most extreme use of force – officer-involved shootings – we find no racial differences in either the raw data or when contextual factors are taken into account. We argue that the patterns in the data are consistent with a model in which police officers are utility maximizers, a fraction of which have a preference for discrimination, who incur relatively high expected costs of officer-involved shootings. - Roland G. Fryer J. An Empirical Analysis of Racial Differences in Police Use of Force. Journal of Political Economy. Forthcoming. Watch on Odysee

Justin Holz talks about peer effects in police use of force. “Peer Effects in Police Use of Force” by Justin E. Holz, Roman G. Rivera, and Bocar A. Ba. *** Probable Causation is part of Doleac Initiatives, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit. If you enjoy the show, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution. Thank you for supporting our work! *** OTHER RESEARCH WE DISCUSS IN THIS EPISODE: “The Effect of Field Training Officers on Police Use of Force” by Chandon Adger, Mathew Ross, and CarlyWill Sloan. Probable Causation Episode 90: Matthew Ross. “Does Race Matter for Police Use of Force? Evidence from 911 Calls” by Mark Hoekstra and CarlyWill Sloan. Probable Causation Episode 38: CarlyWill Sloan. “An Empirical Analysis of Racial Differences in Police Use of Force” by Roland G. Fryer Jr. “An Empirical Analysis of Racial Differences in Police Use of Force: A Comment” by Steven N. Durlauf and James J. Heckman. “Wearing Body Cameras Increases Assaults Against Officers and Does Not Reduce Police Use of Force: Results from a Global Multi-site Experiment” By Barak Ariel, Alex Sutherland, Darren Penstock, Josh Young, Paul Drove, Jayne Sykes, Simon Megicks, and Ryan Henderson. “The “Less-Than-Lethal Weapons Effect”- Introducing TASERs to Routine Operations in England and Wales: A Randomized Controlled Trial” by Barak Ariel, David Lawes, Cristobal Weinborn, Ron Henry, Kevin Chen, and Hagit Brants Sabo. “American Policing and the Danger Imperative” by Michael Sierra-Arevalo. “Racial Profiling and Use of Force in Police Stops: How Local Events Trigger Periods of Increased Discrimination” by Joscha Legewie. “Violence and Risk Preference: Experimental Evidence from Afghanistan” by Michael Callen, Mohammad Isaqzadeh, James D. Long, and Charles Sprenger. “Exposure to Violence Predicts Impulsivity in Time Preferences: Evidence from The Democratic Republic of Congo” by Alex Imas, Michael Kuhn, and Vera Mironova. [Working Paper]. “Violence, Psychological Trauma, and Risk Attitudes: Evidence from Victims of Violence in Colombia” by Andrés Moya. “Impact of Violent Crime on Risk Aversion: Evidence from the Mexican Drug War” by Ryan Brown, Verónica Montalva, Duncan Thomas, and Andrea Velásquez. Probable Causation Episode 42: Andrea Velásquez. “Family Violence and Football: The Effect of Unexpected Emotional Cues on Violence Behavior” by David Card and Gordon B. Dahl. “Frustration, Euphoria, and Violent Crime” by Ignacio Munyo and Martin A. Rossi. “Emotional Judges and Unlucky Juveniles” by Ozkan Eren and Naci Mocan. “Nonfatal Injuries to Law Enforcement Officers: A Rise in Assaults” by Hope M. Tiesman, Melody Gwilliam, Srinivas Konda, Jeff Rojek, and Suzanne Marsh. “Emotional Reactivity and Police Expertise in Use-of-Force Decision-Making” by Vivian Ta, Brian Lande, and Joel Suss. “Do Police Make Too Many Arrests?: The Effect of Enforcement Pullbacks on Crime” by Sungwoo Cho, Felipe Conclaves, and Emily Weisburst. “The Effect of Minority Peers on Future Arrests Quantity and Quality” by Roman Rivera. “Police Officer Assignment and Neighborhood Crime” by Bocar Ba, Patrick Bayer, Nayoung Rim, Roman Rivera, and Modibo Sidibé. “Strengthening Police Oversight: Impacts of Misconduct Investigators on Police Officer Behavior” by Andrew Jordan and Taeho Kim. “Does Black and Blue Matter? An Experimental Investigation of Race and Perceptions of Police, and Legal Compliance” by Mackenzie Alston and Emily Owens. “High-Frequency Location Data Shows that Race Affects the Likelihood of Being Stopped and Fined for Speeding” by Pradhi Aggarwal, Alec Brandon, Ariel Goldszmidt, Justin Holz, John A. List, Ian Muir, Greg Sun, and Thomas Yu.

New research finds minorities are 24-33% more likely to be stopped for speeding and will pay 23-34% more in fines, relative to a white driver traveling the exact same speed. UChicago economists John List and Justin Holz join The Pie to discuss how they designed research drawing on high-frequency Lyft data, and its broader implications for future research and policy.

Ep. 91 ✨ “Being Insatiable, Foster Parenting, & RIP Takeoff” Topics: -1 RIP Takeoff- Was It Karma? 00:00-3:35 2 Cutting Family Members Off 3:38-12:12 3 Racial Differences in College and Marrying Young 12:13-18:12 4 Pressure of finding a partner as you get older 18:14-21:02 5 Foster Parenting 21:07-27:17 6 Educational Leadership 27-18-39:35 7 Doubt from employers 39:37-42:30 8 Jasmine wrote a book! 42:31-50:25 9 Being Insatiable in life and love 50:26-59:36 10 supporting your friends 59:37-1:03!^ Listen

Hypertension (elevated blood pressure) is a condition that significantly increases the risk of several diseases and is a major cause of premature death worldwide. In the US, recent estimates suggest that about half of the adult population has hypertension. At a population level, high sodium intake is one of the main dietary risk factors. All population health guidelines recommend keeping sodium intake below certain levels. While, on average, blood pressure correlates with sodium intake, there is a wide range of responses on an individual level. People who see increasing sodium intake lead to increased blood pressure are termed “salt sensitive”. Others, however, don't see much change in blood pressure with increased dietary sodium. Such individuals are classed as “salt resistant”. In this episode, Assistant Professor at Auburn University, Dr. Austin Robinson, is on to discuss whether people who are salt resistant need to keep their sodium intake low or not. And other individual and group differences that exist for hypertension risk and sodium physiology? Links: Subscribe to Premium Episode overview Live event in Berlin Recommended Resources

The Caribbean Radio Show the Chat Reel will be interviewing Patrick Dix on the racial makeup of African Americans (Blacks) and Hispanics (Mexicans) The differences in culture and race. This is a cultural and Archelogical topic . Patrick Dix offers a wealth of information on the cultural exchange.  If you would like to be a supporter of  The Black Jewish Queen Live Chat or the Chat Reel with Billy and Friends you can send your monetary donations through: paypal.me/psychotherapycheckou To support the shoe donations. Contact givebackjamaica@gmail.com or go to webpage www.givebackjamaica.org

Today's ID the Future spotlights Darwinian racism, past and present. In this first half of a panel discussion at the 2022 Center for Science and Culture Insider's Briefing, Darwin Day in America author John West introduces the other panel members, teases an upcoming book, Darwin Comes to Africa, and discusses his experience visiting the Museum of Criminal Anthropology in Turin, Italy, where the work of infamous Darwinian criminologist Cesare Lombroso's racist ideas about evolution and race are on dramatic display. Then historian Richard Weikart, author of Darwinian Racism, debunks the popular media claim that white nationalist racism in America is a Southern evangelical phenomenon. Weikart shows that the most prominent white nationalists show little if any interest in promoting Christianity, Read More › Source

This month on Episode 40 of Discover CircRes, host Cynthia St. Hilaire highlights four original research articles featured in the September 2 and September 16 issues of the journal. This episode also features an interview with Dr Jun Yoshioka, and Dr Yoshinobu Nakayama, from the City University of New York, about their study, Interaction of ARRDC-4 with GLUT1 Mediates Metabolic Stress in the Ischemic Heart.   Article highlights:   Jin, et al. Gut Dysbiosis Promotes Preeclampsia   Mengozzi, et al. SIRT1 in Human Microvascular Dysfunction   Hu, et al. Racial Differences in Metabolomic Profiles and CHD   Garcia-Gonzales, et al. IRF7 Mediates Autoinflammation in Absence of ADAR1   Cindy St. Hilaire:        Hi, and welcome to Discover CircRes, the podcast of the American Heart Association's journal, Circulation Research. I'm your host, Dr Cindy St. Hilaire from the Vascular Medicine Institute at the University of Pittsburgh. And today I'm going to be highlighting some articles from September 2nd, and September 16th issues of CircRes. And I'm also going to have a conversation with Dr Jun Yoshioka, and Dr Yoshinobu Nakayama, from the City University of New York, about their study, Interaction of ARRDC-4 with GLUT1 Mediates Metabolic Stress in the Ischemic Heart. But, before I get to the interview, I'm going to highlight a few articles.                                       The first article is from our September 2nd issue, and it's titled, Gut Dysbiosis Promotes Preeclampsia by Regulating Macrophages, and Trophoblasts. The first author is Jiajia Jin, and the corresponding author is Qunye Zhang from the Chinese National Health Commission.                                       Preeclampsia is a late-stage pregnancy complication that can be fatal to the mother, and the baby. It's characterized by high blood pressure, and protein in the urine. The cause is unknown, but evidence suggests the involvement of inflammation, and impaired placental blood supply. Because gut dysbiosis can influence blood pressure, and inflammation has been observed in preeclamptic patients, Jin and colleagues examined this link more closely. They found that women with preeclampsia had altered gut microbiome. Specifically, a reduction in a species of bacteria that produced short-chain fatty acids, and lower short-chain fatty acid levels in their feces, in their serum, and in their placentas. And preeclamptic women had lower short-chain fatty acid levels in their feces, in their serum, and in their placentas compared with women without preeclampsia.                                       They found that fecal transfers from the preeclampsia women to rats with a form of the condition exacerbated the animals' preeclampsia symptoms, while fecal transfers from control humans alleviated the symptoms. Furthermore, giving rats an oral dose of short-chain fatty acids or short-chain fatty acid producing bacteria decreased the animals' blood pressure, reduced placental inflammation, and improved placental function. This work suggests that short-chain fatty acids, and gut microbiomes could be a diagnostic marker for preeclampsia. And microbial manipulations may even alleviate the condition.                                       The second article I want to share is also from our September 2nd issue, and it's titled, Targeting SIRT1 Rescues Age and Obesity-Induced Microvascular Dysfunction in Ex Vivo Human Vessels. And this study was led by Alessandro Mengozzi from University of Pisa.                                       With age, the endothelial lining of blood vessels can lose its ability to control vasodilation, causing the vessel to narrow and reduce blood flow. This decline in endothelial function has been associated with age related decrease in the levels of the enzyme, SIRT1. And artificially elevating SIRT1 in old mice improves animals' endothelial function. Obesity, which accelerates endothelial dysfunction, is also linked to low SIRT1 levels.                                       In light of these SIRT1 findings, Mengozzi, and colleagues examined whether increasing the enzyme's activity could improve the function of human blood vessels. The team collected subcutaneous microvessels from 27 young, and 28 old donors. And both age groups included obese, and non-obese individuals. SIRT1 levels in the tissue were, as expected, negatively correlated with age and obesity, and positively correlated with baseline endothelium dependent vasodilatory function. Importantly, incubating tissue samples from older, and obese individuals with a SIRT1 agonist, restored the vessel's vasodilatory functions. This restoration involved a SIRT1 induced boost to mitochondrial function, suggesting that maintaining SIRT1 or its metabolic effect might be a strategy for preserving vascular health in aging, and in obesity.                                       The third article I want to share is from our September 16th issue. And this one is titled, Differences in Metabolomic Profiles Between Black And White Women and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease. The first author is Jie Hu, and the corresponding author is Kathryn Rexrode, and they're from Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard University.                                       In the US, coronary heart disease, and coronary heart disease-related morbidity, and mortality is more prevalent among black women than white women. While racial differences in coronary heart disease risk factors, and socioeconomic status have been blamed, this group argues that these differences alone cannot fully explain the disparity. Metabolomic variation, independent of race, has been linked to coronary heart disease risk. Furthermore, because a person's metabolome is influenced by genetics, diet, lifestyle, environment and more, the authors say that it reflects accumulation of many cultural, and biological factors that may differ by race.                                       This group posited that if racial metabolomic differences are found to exist, then they might partially account for differences in coronary heart disease risk. This study utilized plasma samples from nearly 2000 black women, and more than 4500 white women from several different cohorts. The team identified a racial difference metabolomic pattern, or RDMP, consisting of 52 metabolites that were significantly different between black, and white women. This RDMP was strongly linked to coronary heart disease risk, independent of race, and known coronary heart disease risk factors. Thus, in addition to socioeconomic factors, such as access to healthcare, this study shows that racial metabolomic differences may underlie the coronary heart disease risk disparity.                                       The last article I want to share is also from our September 16th issue, and it is titled, ADAR1 Prevents Autoinflammatory Processes in The Heart Mediated by IRF7. The first author is Claudia Garcia-Gonzalez, and the corresponding author is Thomas Braun, and they are from Max Planck University.                                       It's essential for a cell to distinguish their own RNA from the RNA of an invading virus to avoid triggering immune responses inappropriately. To that end, each cell makes modifications, and edits its own RNA to mark it as self. One type of edit made to certain RNAs is the conversion of adenosines to inosines. And this is carried out by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA1 or ADAR1 protein. Complete loss of this enzyme causes strong innate immune auto reactivity, and is lethal to mice before birth. Interestingly, the effects of ADAR1 loss in specific tissues is thought to vary. And the effect in heart cells in particular has not been examined.                                     This study, which focused on the heart, discovered that mice lacking ADAR1 activity specifically in cardiomyocytes, exhibit autoinflammatory myocarditis that led to cardiomyopathy. However, the immune reaction was not as potent as in other cells lacking ADAR1. Cardiomyocytes did not exhibit the sort of upsurge in inflammatory cytokines, and apoptotic factors seen in other cells lacking ADAR1. And the animals themselves did not succumb to heart failure until 30 weeks of age. The author suggests that this milder reaction may ensure the heart resists apoptosis, and inflammatory damage because, unlike some other organs, it cannot readily replace cells.   Cindy St. Hilaire:        Today I have with me, Dr Jun Yoshioka, and Dr Yoshinobu Nakayama, and they're from City University of New York. And today we're going to talk about their paper, Interaction of ARRDC4 With GLUT1 Mediates Metabolic Stress in The Ischemic Heart. And this is in our September 2nd issue of Circulation Research. So, thank you both so much for joining me today.   Jun Yoshioka:             Thank you for having us. We are very excited to be here.   Cindy St. Hilaire:        It's a great publication, and also had some really great pictures in it. So, I'm really excited to discuss it. So, this paper really kind of focuses on ischemia, and the remodeling in the heart that happens after an ischemic event. And for anyone who's not familiar, ischemia is a condition where blood flow, and thus oxygen, is restricted to a particular part of the body. And in the heart, this restriction often occurs after myocardial infarctions, also called heart attacks. And so, cardiomyocytes, they require a lot of energy for contraction, and kind of their basic functions. And in response to this lack of oxygen, cardiomyocytes switch their energy production substrate. And so, I'm wondering if before we start talking about your paper, you can just talk about the metabolic switch that happens in a cardiac myocyte in the healthy state versus in the ischemic state.   Jun Yoshioka:             Sure. As you just said, that the heart never stops beating throughout the life. And it's one of the most energy demanding organs in the body. So, under normal conditions, cardiac ATP is mainly derived from fatty acid oxidation, and glucose metabolism contributes a little bit less in adult cardiomyocytes. However, under stress conditions such as ischemia, glucose uptake will become more critical when oxidative metabolism is interrupted by a lack of oxygen. That is because glycolysis is a primary anaerobic source of energy. We believe this metabolic adaptation is essential to preserve high energy phosphates and protect cardiomyocytes from lethal injuries. The concept of shifting the energy type of stress preference toward glucose, as you just said, has been actually long proposed as an effective therapy against MI. For example, GIK glucose insulin petition is classic.                                       Now, let me explain how glucose uptake is regulated. Glucose uptake is facilitated by multiple isophones of glucose transporters in cardiomyocytes. Mainly group one and group four, and the minor, with a minor contribution of more recently characterized STLT1. In this study, we were particularly interested in group one because group one is a basal glucose transporter.                                       Dr Ronglih Liao, and Dr Rong Tian's groups reported nearly two decades ago that the cardiac over-expression of group one prevents development of heart failure, and ischemic damage in mice. Since they are remarkable discoveries, the precise mechanism has not yet been investigated enough, at least to me. Especially how acute ischemic stress regulates group one function in cardiomyocytes. We felt that this mechanism is important because there is a potential to identify new strategies around group one, to reduce myocardiac ischemic damage. That is why we started this project hoping to review a new mechanism by which a protein family, called alpha-arrestins, controls cardiac metabolism under both normal, and diseased conditions.   Cindy St. Hilaire:        That is a perfect segue for my next question, actually, which is, you were focusing on this arrestin-fold protein, arrestin domain-containing protein four or ARRDC4. So, what is this family of proteins? What are arrestin-fold proteins? And before your study, what was known about a ARCCD4, and its relationship to metabolism, and I guess specifically cardiomyocyte metabolism?   Jun Yoshioka:             So, the arrestin mediated regulation of steroid signaling is actually common in cardiomyocytes. Especially beta, not the alpha, beta-arrestins have been well characterized as an adapter protein for beta-adrenergic receptors. Beta-arrestins combine to activate beta-adrenergic receptors on the plasma membrane, promote their endosomal recycling, and cause desensitization of beta-adrenergic signaling. Over the past decade, however, this family, the arrestin family, has been extended to include a new class of alpha-arrestins. But unlike beta-arrestins, the physiological functions of alpha-arrestins remain largely unclear based in mammalian cells. Humans, and mice have six members of alpha-arrestins including Txnip, thioredoxin interacting protein called Txnip, and five others named alpha domain-containing protein ARRDC1 2, 3, 4 and 5. Among them Txnip is the best studied alpha-arrestin. And Txnip is pretty much the only one shown to play a role in cardiac physiology.                                       Txnip was initially thought to connect alternative stress and metabolism. However, it is now known that the Txnip serves as an adapter protein for the endocytosis of group one, and group four to mediate acute suppression of glucose influx to cells. In fact, our group has previously shown that the Txnip knockout mice have an enhanced glucose uptake into the peripheral tissues, as well as into the heart. Now, in this study, our leading player is ARRDC4. The arrestin-domains of ARRDC4 have 42% amino acid sequence similarities to Txnip. This means that the structurally speaking ARRDC4 is a brother to Txnip. So, usually the functions of arrestins are expected to be related to their conserved arrestin-domains. So, we were wondering whether two brothers, Txnip, and ARRDC4, may share the same ability to inhibit the glucose transport. That was a starting point where we initiated this project.   Cindy St. Hilaire:        That's great. And so, this link between ARRDC4, and the cardiac expression of gluten one and gluten four, I guess, mostly gluten one related to your paper, that really wasn't known. You went about this question kind of based on protein homology. Is that correct?   Jun Yoshioka:             That is right.   Cindy St. Hilaire:        And so, ARRDC4 can modulate glucose levels in the cell by binding, and if I understand it right, kind of helping that internalization process of glute one. Which makes sense. You know, when you have glucose come into the cell, you don't want too much. So, the kind of endogenous mechanism is to shut it off, and this ARRDC4 helps do that. But you also found that this adapter protein impacts cellular stress, and the cellular stress response. So, I was wondering if you could share a little bit more about that because I thought that was quite interesting. It's not just the metabolic impact of regulating glucose. There's also this cellular stress response.   Jun Yoshioka:             Right? So, Txnip is known to induce oxidative stress. But about the ARRDC4, we found that ARRDC4 actually does not induce oxidative stress. Instead, we found that it reproducibly causes ER, stress rather than oxidative stress. So, let Yoshinobu talk about the ER stress part. Yoshinobu, can you talk about how you found the ER stress story?   Yoshinobu Nakayama: So, then let's talk about the, yeah, ER stress caused by ARRDC4. The ER stress caused by ARRDC4, year one was the biggest challenge in this study, because it's a little bit difficult to how we found a link of the glucose metabolism to the effect of the ARRDC4, only our stress. And at the other point of the project, we noticed that a ARRDC4 causes ER stress reproducibly, but we did not know how. So, both group one, and ARRDC4 are membrane proteins mainly localized near the plasma membrane. Then how does ARRDC4 regulate the biological process inside in the plasma radical? So, we then hypothesize that ARRDC4 induces intercellular glucose depravation by blocking cellular glucose uptake, and then interferes with protein glycosylation, thereby disturbing the ER apparatus. That makes sense because inhibition of group one trafficking by ARRDC4 was involved in the unfolded protein response in ischemic cardiomyocytes.   Cindy St. Hilaire:        So how difficult was that to figure out? How long did that take you?   Yoshinobu Nakayama: How long? Yeah. Is this the question?   Cindy St. Hilaire:        It's always a hard question.   Yoshinobu Nakayama: I think it's not several weeks. Maybe the monthly, months project. Yeah.   Cindy St. Hilaire:        Okay. It's always fun when, you know, you're focusing on one angle, and then all of a sudden you realize, oh, there's this whole other thing going on. So, I thought it was a really elegant tie-in between the metabolism, but also just the cellular stress levels. It was really nice.                                       So, you created a full body knockout of ARRDC4 in the mouse, and you did all the proper kind of phenotyping. And at baseline everything's normal, except there's a little bit of changes in the blood glucose levels. But I also noticed when you looked at the expression of ARRDC4 in different tissues, it was very high in the lungs, and also in the intestines. And so, I know your study didn't focus on those tissues, but I was wondering if you could possibly speculate what ARRDC4 is doing in those tissues? Is it something similar? Do those cells under stress have any particular metabolic switching that's similar?   Jun Yoshioka:             Well, actually we don't have any complete answer for that question, because like you said, we didn't focus on lung, and other tissues. But I could say that actually the brother of ARRDC4, Txnip, is also highly expressed in lung, and bronchus, and in those organs. So, it's interesting because, which means that, the molecule is very oxygen sensitive, I will say. Both brothers. But that's all we know for now. But that's a very great point. And then we are excited to, you know.   Cindy St. Hilaire.        Yeah.   Jun Yoshioka:             Move on to the other tissues.   Cindy St. Hilaire:        I was thinking about it just because I've actually recently reviewed some papers on pulmonary hypertension. So, when I saw that expression, that was the first thing I thought of was, oh, they should put these mice in a sugen/hypoxia model, and see what happens.   Jun Yoshioka:             Right?   Cindy St. Hilaire:        So, there's an idea for you, Yoshinobu. A K-99 grant or something. And also, because it's a full body knockout, even when you're looking at the heart, obviously the cardiomyocytes are really the most metabolically active cell, but cardiac fibroblasts are also a major component of the heart tissue. And so, do you know, is the, I guess, effects or the protectiveness of the ARRDC4 knockout heart, is it mostly because of the role in the cardiomyocytes or is there a role for it also in the fibroblast?   Yoshinobu Nakayama: Yeah, that's a very great question. Yeah. So, although we use the systemic knockout mice in the study, we believe that the beneficial effect of ARRDC4 deficiency is cardiac, autonomous. But this is because cardioprotection was demonstrated in the isolated heart experiments. But, you know, root is still uniformly expressing all cell types within the heart.                                       To address this, we have tested the specific effects of ARRDC4 on cardiac fibroblasts, and inflammatory cells. ARRDC4 knockout hearts had a twofold increase in myocardial glucose uptake over wild-type hearts during insulin-free perfusion. However, an increase in glucose uptake in isolated cardiac fibroblast or inflammatory cells was relatively mild, with about 1.2 fold increase over wild-type cells.                                       Thus we conclude that cardiomyocytes are the measure contributed to the cardiac metabolic shift. And then the mechanism within cardiomyocytes should play the major role in cardioprotection.   Jun Yoshioka:             I might, at one point, because, you know, the fibroblasts, they don't need to beat, right?   Cindy St. Hilaire:        Right.   Jun Yoshioka:             The inflammasome cells. They don't need to beat neither. So, they don't need that much energy. So, the cardiomyocytes energy metabolism is very important. So, that's why this mechanism is kind of more important in cardiomyocytes than other cell types.   Cindy St. Hilaire:        Yeah. And I think, you know, your phenotyping of the mice at baseline show that there's really no effect in a cell that's not under stress. So, it's really, really nice finding. Yeah.                                       This article, I should say, is featured on the cover of the September 2nd Circulation Research issue. And it's got this really nice 3D modeling of the binding of ARRDC4 to glute one. And I was reading the paper, and the methods said, you use some AI for that. So, I'm sure other people have heard, too, AI in protein modeling is important. But AI in art, right? There's that new DALL-E 2 program. So how are you able to do this? How did that work?   Jun Yoshioka:             So, our study used is called AlphaFold, which applies the artificial intelligence-based deep learning method. AlphaFold, nowadays, everybody really is interested in AlphaFold. AlphaFold uses structural, and genetic data to come up with a model of what the protein of interest should look like. So, that is also how we got the protein structure, ARRDC4. We think that the ability of AlphaFold to precisely predict the protein structure from amino acid sequence would be a huge benefit to life sciences, including of course, cardiovascular science research, because of high cost, and technical difficulties in experimental methods.                                       It's very useful if you can computationally predict the complex from individual structures of ARRDC4. And group one, which is actually structure of group one, is available in a protein data bank. But ARRDC4, it was not available. That's why we used AlphaFold.                                       And then we use the docking algorithm called Hdoc. So, based on these AI analysis, we could successfully identify specific residues in a C terminal arrestin domain as an international interface, that regulates group one function. So, we believe this AI method will pretty much accelerate efforts to understand the protein, protein interactions. And we believe that will enable more advanced drug discovery, for example, in very near future.   Cindy St. Hilaire:        Yeah, it's really great. I started thinking about it in terms of some of the things I'm studying. So yeah, it was really nice. Jun Yoshioka:             Try next time.   Cindy St. Hilaire:        Yeah, I will, I will. Actually, I went to the website, and was playing with it before I got on the call with you. So, how do you think your findings can be leveraged towards informing clinical decision making or even developing therapeutics?   Jun Yoshioka:             So, let me talk about what needs to be done. There are more things we must do.   Cindy St. Hilaire:        Always. Yeah.   Jun Yoshioka:             One of the most clinically relevant questions is whether ARRDC4 inhibition actually can mitigate development of post MI heart failure, and reduce mortality in the chronic phase, not the acute phase. Because in this paper we just did the seven day post MI, which is kind of like acute to subacute phase. But you never know what's going to happen in the chronic phase, right? And that is actually not so simple to answer because there are so many issues that you should consider. For example, Dr E. Dale Abel's lab has reported previously that cardiomyacites, specific group one, knockout in mice does not really accelerate the transition from compensated hypotrophy to heart failure. Also, the same group has shown that the overexpression group one does not actually prevent LV dysfunction in the mouse model of pressure overload. So, it is possible that ARRDC knockout can be, do much, or even harmful to LV remodeling in a chronic phase because chronic phase, it's not, it's getting hypoxy conditions, right?   Cindy St. Hilaire:        Yeah. So, it really might be something, I guess, personalized medicine is not the phrase I'm looking for. But I guess temporarily modulated, it would be something maybe we can figure out in an acute phase versus.   Jun Yoshioka:             Chronic phase.   Cindy St. Hilaire:        Yeah. Yeah.   Jun Yoshioka:             This makes sense. Because, you know, high capacity of ATP synthesis, by oxidating metabolism, could be important for chronic heart failure. So, it's selecting substrates. Energy substrates is no longer, you know, that issue. So, I'm not sure I'm answering your question, but this is the point that we consider to move on to the next.   Cindy St. Hilaire:        Well, that's great. And I think that was my next question, really. What is next? Are you really going to try to pinpoint where you could possibly target?   Jun Yoshioka:             Right. So, the first point we have to figure out about chronic phase, and another point we are interested in, is what's going on at the level of mitochondria. Does ARRDC4 knockout hearts have a different activity of electron transport chain or glycolytic enzymes within mitochondria?   Cindy St. Hilaire:        Or even mitochondrial fission infusion because it's, you know, it's a machinery.   Jun Yoshioka:             Yeah. And how about the other essential pathways in glucose metabolism such as mTOR, AMPK and HEF1, and so on. So, all these must be determined to help understand the more precise role of ARRDC4 in cardiac metabolism, we believe. Cindy St. Hilaire:        It's a wonderful study, and now we have even more questions to ask using your great model. Congratulations again.   Yoshinobu Nakayama: Thank you so much.   Cindy St. Hilaire:        Dr Yoshioka, and Dr Nakayama.   Jun Yoshioka:             Thank you.   Cindy St. Hilaire:        A wonderful paper, and congrats on getting the cover, and thank you so much for joining me today.   Jun Yoshioka:             Thanks well so much for having us.   Yoshinobu Nakayama: Thank you.   Cindy St. Hilaire:        That's it for the highlights from our September 2nd, and our September 16th issues of Circulation Research. Thank you so much for listening. Please check out our CircRes Facebook page, and follow us on Twitter, and Instagram with the handle @circres, and hashtag discovercircres. Thank you to our guests, Dr Jun Yoshioka, and Dr Yoshinobu Nakayama.                                     This podcast is produced by Ishara Ratnayaka, edited by Melissa Stonerm, and supported by the editorial team of Circulation Research. Some of the copy text for highlighted articles is provided by Ruth Williams. I'm your host, Dr Cindy St. Hilaire, and this is Discover CircRes, your on the go source for the most exciting discoveries in basic cardiovascular research.                                       This program is copyright of the American Heart Association 2022. The opinions expressed by speakers in this podcast are their own, and not necessarily those of the editors or of the American Heart Association. For more information, please visit ahajournals.org.

On this ID the Future from the vault, catch the first half of a public talk by political scientist John West on how Darwinism has poisoned Western culture. In the lecture, delivered at the Dallas Conference on Science & Faith, West explores how Darwin's purely materialistic theory of evolution drained meaning from nature, undercut the idea of inherent human dignity, and fueled the rise of scientific racism in the twentieth century. West is author of Darwin Day in America: How Our Politics and Culture Have Been Dehumanized in the Name of Science. Source

Transfusion's monthly podcast - read the associated article here: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/trf.16935

Host: Dr. Gita S. Pensa, MD We discuss this paper with first author Dr. Joyce Li, MD, MPH. They sought to evaluate racial and ethnic differences in pediatric patients across a broad range of low-value imaging studies in the general ED setting.

Host: Dr. Gita S. Pensa, MD We discuss this paper with first author Dr. Joyce Li, MD, MPH. They sought to evaluate racial and ethnic differences in pediatric patients across a broad range of low-value imaging studies in the general ED setting.

We discuss this paper with first author Dr Joyce Li. They sought to evaluate racial and ethnic differences in pediatric patients across a broad range of low-value imaging studies in the general ED setting.

In this episode, we have another special guest on our podcast, Dorn! Dorn is a friend and also Rickey's fitness coach and in this episode, he comes on and shares his story about growing up in the United States as a minority after his parents entered the country as war refugees. We talk about how hard we tried to blend in and fit into society and how he's realized now that he should be doing the complete opposite to honor the Tai Dam culture he comes from

In this episode, Antonia and Andrew discuss a selection of articles from the June 1, 2022 issue of JBJS, along with an added dose of entertainment and pop culture. Listen at the gym, on your commute, or whenever your case is on hold!   Articles Discussed: Long-Term Health-Related Quality of Life After Harrington Instrumentation and Fusion for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis. A Minimum 40-Year Follow-up, by Lander et al. Objects in Mirror Are Closer Than They Appear: Symptoms of Depression and Suicidality in Orthopaedic Surgeons, by Stein et al. The Association of Immediate-Use Steam Sterilization with the Incidence of Orthopaedic Surgical Site Infections. A Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Study, by Tantillo et al. Racial Differences in Care and Outcomes After Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasties. Did the Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement Program Make a Difference?, by Okewunmi et al. Distracted Driving Among Patients with Trauma Attending Fracture Clinics in Canada. The Canadian Multicenter DRIVSAFE Study, by Ristevski et al. Minimal Clinically Important Changes in HOOS-12 and KOOS-12 Scores Following Joint Replacement, by Soh et al. Comparison of Simulated Low-Dose and Conventional-Dose CT for Preoperative Planning in Shoulder Arthroplasty, by Lorenzana et al. Capsular Mechanics After Periacetabular Osteotomy for Hip Dysplasia, by Ng et al.   Link: JBJS website: https://jbjs.org/issue.php   Sponsor: This episode is brought to you by JBJS Clinical Classroom.   Subspecialties: Pediatrics Spine Shoulder Basic Science Hip Knee Trauma Orthopaedic Essentials Infection

In this rebroadcast of a show that first aired in March 2022, host Connor Cyrus talks with white Vermonters who adopted Black children, and hears from a Black woman about being raised by her adopted white family.

In this episode, I discuss ways in which I've combined current event topics from the Iowa Hawkeyes sports teams with my data analysis and process improvement background. I explain a summary of 4 articles I have written, and invite you to read the ones that are of interest to you. Links True or False? Iowa Football Struggles in Games on the West Coast Will Jordan Bohannon Tie or Break the Big Ten 3-Point FG's Made Record? Did Iowa Women Suffer from Lack of Fouls in Loss to Creighton? Racial Differences in Football Player Retention at the University of Iowa Need help in your organization? Let's talk! Schedule a free support call BIZ-PI.com LeanSixSigmaDefinition.com Have a question? Submit a voice message at Anchor.fm --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/leansixsigmabursts/message

To be a Christian is not only to trust Christ and treasure Christ, but to be indwelt by Christ. And that new identity transforms all our relationships.

Host Connor Cyrus talks with some white Vermonters who have adopted Black children about the challenges and joys that come with transracial adoptions.