Podcasts about Sodium

First, Coach Trevor gives an update on his low sodium challenge while Jared talks about how recent research has impacted his recommendations. Then, we'll talk about whether we have gone overboard with fitness trackers and biohacks to maximize health.    Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This week's podcast was recorded live on stage at Latitude Festival 2026, in the Cosmic Shambles Forest of Science and Culture! Helen Czerski is joined by our very own Robert Llewellyn and battery chemist Professor Saiful Islam for a wide-ranging conversation about batteries — covering everything from world-record lemon batteries to five-minute EV charging, sodium-ion tech, battery planes, and vehicle-to-grid power. https://cosmicshambles.com/ 00:00 – Introduction 02:53 – Meet the guests: Robert Llewellyn & Prof. Saiful Islam 03:34 – The world-record lemon battery (and Saiful's quest to reclaim it) 08:54 – What does a battery chemist actually do? 12:42 – Debunking range anxiety: the real stats on UK car journeys 13:34 – From gadgets to vehicles: how battery use has transformed 14:36 – How do you actually measure a "good" battery? 15:21 – Where battery R&D is focused: sustainability, cobalt, and beyond 17:19 – What is a battery? The "electrochemical sandwich" explained 19:38 – BYD's flash charging: 10–70% in 5 minutes 23:31 – Why fast charging is hard — and the safety engineering behind it 28:04 – Battery recycling: Redwood Materials and "second life" batteries 31:54 – Battery passports and tracking materials 34:59 – Sodium-ion batteries: cheaper, longer-lasting home storage 37:34 – Solid-state batteries explained (and why they're the "holy grail") 39:47 – Who's leading the battery race? China's extraordinary scale 42:44 – The tipping point: global crude oil sales are falling 46:34 – Could batteries ever power planes? eVTOL, hybrids & battery gliders 52:57 – Grid storage and vehicle-to-grid: turning EVs into power plants 55:36 – Australia's home battery boom and its impact on coal 57:36 – Audience Q&A Why not come and join us at our next Everything Electric expo: https://everythingelectric.show Support our StopBurningStuff campaign: https://www.patreon.com/STOPBurningStuff Become an Everything Electric Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/fullychargedshow Buy the Fully Charged Guide to Electric Vehicles & Clean Energy : https://buff.ly/2GybGt0 Subscribe for episode alerts and the Everything Electric newsletter: https://fullycharged.show/zap-sign-up/ Visit: https://FullyCharged.Show Find us on X: https://x.com/Everyth1ngElec Follow us on Instagram: https://instagram.com/officialeverythingelectric To partner, exhibit or sponsor at our award-winning expos email: commercial@fullycharged.show EE GREATER LONDON (Twickenham) - 11th & 12th Sept 2026 EE SYDNEY - Sydney Olympic Park - 18th - 20th Sept 2026 #fullychargedshow #everythingelectricshow #homeenergy #cleanenergy #battery #electriccars #electric-vehicles-uk

In this episode, we bring a nuanced, science-based approach to many hot topics in running right now. What causes muscle cramps? Does Pilates count as strength training? Should slower runners wear carbon plated shoes? Is it possible to overfuel on long runs? Our goal is to provide individualized guidance, rather than click-baity universalized proclamations. In this episode, we provide our informed takes on:✅ What actually causes muscle cramps (according to science)✅ If taking walk breaks discounts a marathon effort✅ If back of pack and midpack runners benefit from carbon plated shoes✅ Why Pilates does not replace resistance training✅ Is there such a thing as overfueling on long runs?Tread Lightly Running is hosted and researched by Amanda Brooks and Laura Norris, MSc. Production, show notes, and graphics by Laura Norris.References

Original Air Date: 8/1/2026 Episode Number: 470Episode SummaryThree topics this week. Dan opens with a paint science segment answering a listener question about urethane and enamel -- two words that appear constantly on paint labels and mean different things than most people assume. Then a full two-segment deep dive on moss and lichen: first, how to safely remove them from different types of siding, and then a step-by-step walkthrough of how Dan cleaned his own roof, what products he used, and what the warnings are. He closes with a quick listener question about painting over old glossy trim in a pre-1978 home.Timestamps[00:00] -- Show Intro and Promises[02:28] -- Paint Science: Urethane vs. Enamel[07:38] -- Choosing the Right Paint[09:56] -- Moss and Lichen Overview[10:35] -- Siding Segment Setup[11:06] -- What Moss and Lichen Are[12:43] -- Cleaning Brick and Masonry[15:09] -- Cleaning Wood Safely[16:56] -- Vinyl, Stucco, and Pressure Tips[18:27] -- Protecting Plants[19:22] -- Roof Segment Begins[20:02] -- Why Remove Roof Growth[20:14] -- Roof Damage Explained[21:52] -- Dan's Roof Wake-Up Call[23:48] -- Kill It, Don't Scrape It[24:12] -- Hire Out or DIY?[25:03] -- Best Cleaners Compared[29:20] -- Prep and Protect Plants[30:53] -- Rinse, Brush, and Apply[33:58] -- Results and Safety Warnings[36:41] -- Listener Q: Glossy Trim[37:57] -- Lead, Adhesion, and Primer[39:40] -- Wrap UpUrethane vs. Enamel: A Plain-English Explanation [02:28]A listener wrote in puzzled by the word urethane showing up everywhere -- waterborne urethanes, urethane-modified acrylics, polyurethanes -- and wanted to know whether it means something specific or just marketing. He also asked which is more durable, urethane or enamel, and which he should be reaching for.The short answer: urethane and enamel are not competing terms. They describe different things entirely.Paint basics. Every can contains pigment (color and hiding), liquid (what lets you apply it), and resin -- the binder. As paint dries and the liquid leaves, the resin and pigment form the paint film. The resin has enormous influence over how the finished coating behaves: hardness, flexibility, adhesion, resistance to moisture, cleaning, and abrasion.What urethane means. Urethane isn't an extra scoop of durability added to the can. It's a type of chemical connection that can be built into the resin structure itself. When a resin contains many of those connections, it's called a polyurethane. That chemistry is associated with toughness, abrasion resistance, and resistance to cleaners -- which is why you see the word on products for cabinets, doors, railings, and floors.What enamel means. Traditionally, enamel meant an oil-based product with a hard, smooth, glossy finish -- the go-to for doors, trim, and metal. Today it's used more broadly. You can buy acrylic enamels, waterborne enamels, and urethane enamels. An enamel can absolutely use urethane chemistry. They're not opposites.The analogy. Asking which is more durable, a urethane or an enamel, is like asking whether a pickup truck is better than a diesel engine. One describes the vehicle type. The other describes the technology inside. You can have a diesel pickup, just like you can have a urethane enamel.The practical takeaway. For an ordinary bedroom wall, don't hunt for urethane -- just get good washability and the right sheen. For cabinets, doors, or railings, an enamel built for those surfaces makes sense, and it may well use urethane chemistry. For a wood floor, get a polyurethane specifically designed for foot traffic. For exterior siding, hardness isn't even the main priority -- flexibility, adhesion, and weather resistance matter more. The product's intended use matters more than the words on the label. Stop into any RepcoLite, tell them what you're painting and what kind of abuse it'll take, and they'll sort it out.Moss vs. Lichen: What You're Actually Looking At [11:06]Before cleaning anything, it helps to know what you're dealing with, because moss and lichen behave differently from the algae and mildew covered last week -- and they have to be handled differently as a result.Moss is the green fuzzy stuff -- little soft pillows of growth, kinda charming, definitely not good for your house or roof. It grips whatever it's growing on and holds moisture against the surface.Lichen is stranger and tougher. It looks almost painted or glued on -- flat, crusty patches or small leafy, ruffled growths. It can be gray-green, orange, chalky white. Lichen is actually two organisms living together: a fungus that builds the structure and grips the surface, and an algae that makes the food. Together they can live almost anywhere and attach with a grip that's very hard to break. That's the core reason they need their own conversation -- algae and mildew are essentially films sitting on the surface. Moss and lichen are anchored into the surface, into the pores of brick, the grain of wood, down into mortar. Removing them incorrectly can cause more damage than leaving them.Cleaning Moss and Lichen Off Siding [12:43]Brick and masonry. Gently knock off the thickest mounded moss first -- but gently is the word. Plastic scraper, wooden edge, or a stiff-but-not-metal brush. No wire brushes on brick, especially older or softer brick. Nothing mounted on a power tool. Working through the harder outer face of the brick exposes the softer material underneath, which holds moisture longer and becomes even more vulnerable to freeze-thaw damage. You can create next year's problem while cleaning up this year's.After removing loose material, treat remaining moss and lichen with a cleaner labeled for both the growth type and the surface. Wet & Forget is a popular spray-and-leave option -- apply it, leave it alone, and rain carries away the dead material over weeks or months. Make sure whatever you use is designed to kill moss and lichen, not just clean the surface.Wood. Be careful with straight chlorine bleach on bare or weathered wood -- it breaks down lignin, the natural binder in the wood fibers, and can leave cedar blotchy and damaged in ways that don't reverse. Sodium percarbonate (oxygenated bleach -- essentially OxiClean) is gentler on wood and on nearby plants. Soft brush, go with the grain, low pressure, no wire brush.Vinyl and aluminum. More forgiving -- growth doesn't anchor as deep on non-porous surfaces. Soft nylon brush or cloth with a cleaner labeled for that siding type, let it sit, gentle scrub, rinse. Don't spray upward under the laps.Fiber cement. Check the manufacturer's guidance. Keep it gentle and low pressure.Stucco and EIFS. Porous and on the brittle side -- soft wash, right cleaner, low pressure. Older synthetic stucco (EIFS) is especially risky; aggressive washing can force water behind cracks and joints. If the surface is already cracked or failing, call a professional.Plants. Wet down all landscaping before starting. Cover sensitive plants with light plastic, but get it off quickly -- they'll cook under it. Rinse everything again when you're done.Why You Can't Leave Roof Moss and Lichen Alone [20:02]Moss growing thicker around the edges of shingles interferes with drainage and can cause shingles to lift or deteriorate -- creating openings for water to get in. That alone is a good enough reason to deal with it.Lichen is worse on a roof than on siding because it attaches directly to the protective granules on the shingles and can cause irreversible damage as it grips and eventually pulls them loose. There's also a curb appeal issue: moss and lichen-covered roofs read as neglected or failing, whether or not that's actually true.Dan put off dealing with his own roof growth for a couple of years, telling himself it wasn't a big deal. A roofer from Sheriff Goslin Roofing -- who came out to assess the roof's lifespan -- pointed out that the moss and lichen were actively taking years off the roof by pulling granules and giving moisture more places to work. That's what finally prompted action.Hire Out or DIY? [24:12]Before getting into the process, Dan makes the case for hiring it out -- because for a lot of people, that's the right answer. There are companies that specialize in roof and exterior cleaning. If the roof is steep, high, difficult to access, or if heights aren't your thing, hiring a professional is absolutely the right call. A fall is a lot worse than a moss problem.If you're still planning to do it yourself, read on.Cleaner Options for Moss and Lichen on Roofs [25:03]Wet & Forget. Apply per label directions and leave it. The treatment kills growth over time, and rain carries the dead material away over the following weeks and months. No rinsing, no aggressive follow-up. Depending on your roof pitch and setup, you may be able to apply most of it from a ladder or even the ground -- though you have to be very careful not to force water up under shingles at the wrong angle. Dan's roofer confirmed his customers have had good results with it.Oxygenated bleach / sodium percarbonate (essentially OxiClean). This is what Dan used. Mix approximately one pound of oxygenated bleach per two gallons of water. Apply with a pump-up garden sprayer. This is gentler on plants and on...

In this podcast, Silvia Lelli discusses her paper 'Seizure worsening and sodium-channel blockers in HCN1-related epilepsies: A case series'.   The paper is available here: https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.70368   Follow DMCN on Podbean for more: https://dmcn.podbean.com/ ___ Watch DMCN Podcasts on YouTube: https://bit.ly/2ONCYiC __ DMCN Journal: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology (DMCN) has defined the field of paediatric neurology and childhood-onset neurodisability for over 60 years. DMCN disseminates the latest clinical research results globally to enhance the care and improve the lives of disabled children and their families. DMCN Journal - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/14698749 ___ Find us on Twitter! @mackeithpress - https://twitter.com/mackeithpress

For decades, we've been told to fear salt. But what if one of the most important nutrients for women's health has been misunderstood? In this solo episode of The Well Nourished Mama Podcast, I dive into the science behind sodium and explain why it's become one of the foundational recommendations I include in nearly every client protocol. From fertility and pregnancy to postpartum recovery, breastfeeding, and thyroid health, sodium plays a far greater role than most women realize. You'll also hear me debunk three of the most common myths surrounding salt — including its relationship with heart disease, pregnancy complications like hypertension and preeclampsia, and whether babies should be exposed to sodium. Rather than relying on outdated nutrition advice, this episode explores the importance of mineral balance, electrolyte function, and why context matters when it comes to your health. If you've been avoiding salt because you thought it was unhealthy, this episode may completely change the way you think about one of the body's most essential minerals. Click HERE to access the show notes for this episode and get direct links to any of the resources or other podcast episodes I mentioned in this show. 

Anyone who's ever done an interval session, or a hard effort in a race, knows that feeling of fatigue setting in as you hold on for dear life. But is this really all the result of lactic acid, or is something else going on? Can the nutrition strategies used in shorter, more intense events like track cycling or rowing now be applied in longer endurance sports to get more out of ourselves during those hard efforts in training or race day? And why, at this years' Tour de France, are we hearing stories emerge of cyclists consuming lactate, the very thing we're told is the root cause of all that suffering?   Timestamps: 05:14 - Intro and Bryan's change in workplace 10:42 - Lactate vs lactic acid, and its role in the body 17:08 - Lactate testing, thresholds and what it means for physiology 25:36 - The roles of lactate in body 30:12 - Fueling Endurance Practitioner Membership, T-12 course for athletes, eBook 32:38 - What are buffering supplements and why are they now being used in endurance sports? 40:33 - What is sodium bicarbonate and how does it work? 42:50 - Does the form of sodium bicarb matter (drink vs tablets vs capsules vs mini-tablets/hydrogel)? 49:07 - Sodium bicarb and gastrointestinal issues - how to avoid 54:22 - Dose of sodium bicarb for a performance effect 57:51 - Timing of bicarb for performance - why are cyclists taking it during exercise (rather than before)? 1:03:06 - Is there evidence that bicarb can work for performance in endurance training or competition? 1:05:24 - What is beta-alanine and how does it work? 1:06:50 - Dose and form of beta-alanine and potential side effects 1:09:33 - Need for prolonged supplementation with beta-alanine 1:12:58 - Evidence for beta-alanine or bicarb + beta-alanine combined for endurance performance 1:18:16 - Exogenous lactate supplements/gels 1:20:37 - Is the concept of exogenous lactate supplements new? 1:23:07 - Are the ways exogenous lactate is being used new in professional sport, and is there evidence it works? 1:26:44 - What's likely to happen next with exogenous lactate? 1:28:59 - Bryan's other current research 1:31:45 - Follow up re. exogenous lactate products 1:41:34 - Wrap up   Guest - Dr Bryan Saunders - University of São Paulo ResearchGate: researchgate.net/profile/Bryan-Saunders-2 X: @Bicycle_Bryan    Studies mentioned in this episode: Farias de Oliveira L et al. (2022). Extracellular Buffering Supplements to Improve Exercise Capacity and Performance: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis. Sports Medicine. 52:505-526. DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01575-x. Ewell TR. et al. (2024). The Influence of Acute Oral Lactate Supplementation on Responses to Cycle Ergometer Exercise: A Randomized, Crossover Pilot Clinical Trial. Nutrients. 16(16):2624. DOI: 10.3390/nu16162624   Fueling Endurance eBook | T -12 Race Nutrition Course | Practitioner Resources The Fueling Endurance eBook contains answers to 84 of the most common nutrition questions that runners, cyclists and triathletes ask, and contains insights, tips, and quotes from experts and athletes.  The T -12 self-guided course will help prepare you for your next event, with online tools, guides, information and instructions to take you through the 12 weeks leading up to race day. And the Fueling Endurance Practitioner Membership provides access to online tools and calculators I use all the time when working with endurance and ultraendurance athletes. This includes working out the carbohydrate needs for runners (road and trail) and cyclists for different types of training sessions. For more into on each of these, check out fuelingendurance.com.  

Aux États-Unis, le sodium-ion veut sortir des laboratoires pour entrer dans l'ère industrielle. La start-up californienne Peak Energy prévoit de construire à Sacramento une immense usine de batteries destinées au stockage d'électricité à l'échelle des réseaux. Fondée en 2023, l'entreprise s'est spécialisée dans le stockage stationnaire, c'est-à-dire des batteries qui ne servent pas à faire rouler des véhicules, mais à conserver l'énergie produite par des centrales solaires ou éoliennes, puis à la restituer lorsque la demande augmente. Elles peuvent aussi alimenter des usines, des villes ou des centres de données en cas de coupure.Le projet, annoncé le 8 juillet 2026, doit voir le jour au Metro Air Park de Sacramento. Avec une superficie de 16 700 mètres carrés, le site entre dans la catégorie des gigafactories, ces usines capables de produire des batteries à très grande échelle. Peak Energy prévoit d'y fabriquer de vastes unités sodium-ion, comparables à des conteneurs maritimes et fonctionnant avec un refroidissement passif.La production doit commencer au premier trimestre 2027. À terme, l'usine assemblerait chaque année suffisamment de batteries pour atteindre une capacité cumulée de quatre gigawattheures, soit, selon Peak Energy, de quoi alimenter quatre millions de foyers. L'intérêt du sodium-ion tient d'abord à son coût. D'après Crystal Bethke, du Bureau de développement économique du comté de Sacramento, cette technologie réduirait de 20 % le prix du stockage tout en garantissant une disponibilité de 99 %. Elle présente également un avantage important en matière de sécurité. Sa chimie serait beaucoup plus stable que celle des batteries lithium-ion, réduisant presque totalement le risque d'incendie. Cette stabilité permet aussi de se passer de systèmes actifs de refroidissement, donc de limiter la consommation électrique interne et les besoins de maintenance.Autre atout : le sodium provient notamment du sel, une ressource abondante aux États-Unis. Peak Energy entend ainsi réduire la dépendance aux importations de lithium, de cobalt et de graphite, souvent liées à la Chine. Enfin, ces batteries fonctionneraient efficacement entre moins 40 et plus 55 degrés. Une résistance particulièrement utile pour les réseaux électriques, les parcs renouvelables et les data centers, qui recherchent des solutions fiables dans toutes les conditions. Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Ryan Pearcy is joined by Kevin Fitzgerald and Leigh Stallard for a bumper week of accounting tech news, and a period close nobody can stop talking about. Starling has rolled out expense cards, ringfenced spending spaces and read-only access for bookkeepers and accountants. Kevin sees a bank pulling small business finance workflow into the banking platform, and wonders what comes next, because it does not feel like a bank would do expenses and then stop. Leigh names who just lost their lunch, and why being a bank is one of the few moats left standing. Microsoft has taught Copilot in Excel repeatable skills, so a team can define the steps for a model, a close or a variance analysis once and have it run the same way twice. Leigh reckons Microsoft has given up trying to kill Excel and started building where everyone already is. Ryan is more excited than he expected to be, with one caveat: most firms have not written their workflows down yet. Sage is embedding its accounting technology inside Satago, opening invoice finance to sole traders and micro businesses. Leigh has history here and talks through the revenue-per-customer logic, and why adoption decides whether any of it ever gets seen. Kevin's read is that this is a new financial service rather than a workflow improvement, and the open question is who the customer thinks they are dealing with. Then the close. Puzzle has brought AI Close to accountants with what it calls programmatic accounting, and Pilot has launched Meridian, which it says runs month end from start to finish. Ryan makes the case for AI-native ledgers being the real battleground. Kevin questions whether the standalone players survive it. Leigh has a warning for any firm buying these tools without first telling the team what they will be doing instead. Ryan brings Employment Hero's AI Paradox research, 8,800 business leaders and employees across four markets, which found the most AI-heavy businesses hiring the most people rather than the fewest. That runs into the skills gap underneath it, whether AI skills belong on a job spec at all, and how you would ever vet them. Also covered: Inscope's agentic disclosure checklist and its agent Penny, Socket wiring won proposals straight into Sodium, Content Snare adding FuseSign and Annature signing, and Joiin's Q2 release with AI agents, live Stripe data and drill-down to individual transactions. We also hear from our sponsor, Advancetrack! www.advancetrack.com Chapters 00:00 Intro 04:04 Ad break 04:42 Starling adds expense cards and read-only access for accountants 08:35 Copilot in Excel learns your close, one skill at a time 12:53 Sage embeds its accounting technology inside Satago 17:06 Puzzle brings AI Close to accountants with programmatic policies 20:48 Inscope launches an agentic disclosure checklist 23:35 Pilot launches Meridian and claims it closes the books end to end 26:49 Win the work in Socket, run the client in Sodium 28:38 Employment Hero finds AI-heavy businesses hiring the most people 40:35 Content Snare adds FuseSign and Annature signing 42:41 Joiin's Q2 release brings AI agents and live Stripe data 49:08 Outro

You likely have heard both sides of the debate, as one side argues that sodium supplementation is overrated, while the other side shills sports drinks with a full gram of sodium. In this episode, we dive into the research to present you with a nuanced, science-backed discussion on the widely varying sodium needs of runners. You will learn how to determine your sweat rate and sodium needs, if sodium will prevent muscle cramps, and more.Thank you to our sponsors:✨ Tailwind: Complete sport nutrition made simple, including hydration mixes, high-carb sport drinks, endurance fuel, and recovery mixes. Use code TREADLIGHTLY20 at https://tailwindnutrition.com/TREADLIGHTLY for 20% off your first purchase.In this episode, you'll learn:✅ Sweat rate vs sweat concentration✅ The role that sodium plays in hydration, carbohydrate absorption, and more✅ If sodium supplementation prevents muscle cramps✅ How to know if sweat testing is appropriate or not✅ The signs and symptoms of too much and too little sodium✅ If sodium pre-loading works before a race✅ Ideal sources for sodium supplementation during runs✅ Why too low sodium can be dangerousTread Lightly Running is hosted and researched by Amanda Brooks and Laura Norris, MSc. Production, show notes, and graphics by Laura Norris.References

"It's totally her minerals, it's not her."— Dori MartinThere's a particular kind of tired that doesn't go away with sleep — the brain fog, the inflammation, the mood swings that make you feel like a stranger in your own body. For years, Dori Martin thought that was just what happens to women in midlife. It wasn't, and what she discovered instead is the heart of this conversation.Dori Martin is a Functional Diagnostic Nutrition Practitioner who uses Hair Tissue Mineral Analysis to help midlife women understand what's really going on beneath the surface. We talk about the decade of caretaking that led to her own burnout — from a divorce with two small children, to getting engaged to a man given a terminal diagnosis, to watching her own labs come back worse than his. Dori explains why mineral depletion is so often mistaken for a personality problem, and what it actually takes for a woman's body to feel safe enough to rest and recover.If you've ever felt exhausted, inflamed, or like your moods aren't quite your own — this one will feel like a mirror. New episodes every Thursday on all major podcast platforms.Connect with Heather: WebsiteFacebookInstagramLinkedInYouTubeTimestamps00:00 Introduction — Heather welcomes Dori Martin.03:25 Dori's 2006 divorce and the start of a decade of holding it all together.03:25 Getting engaged to a man given a terminal diagnosis.26:26 The mastermind, the flatline, and the shame of not keeping up.14:08 What Hair Tissue Mineral Analysis actually shows.16:11 Sodium, potassium, copper — the minerals behind mood and burnout.38:13 Nervous system regulation, safety, and functional freeze.46:54 Where to connect with Dori Martin. About Dori MartinDori Martin is a Functional Diagnostic Nutrition Practitioner and Hair Tissue Mineral Analysis specialist who helps midlife women understand the connection between mineral depletion, hormone imbalance, and burnout. After navigating her own years of unrecognized depletion — through single motherhood, caregiving, and building a business from the ground up — she now helps women read their own body's data so they can stop guessing and start healing. She lives in the Bay Area with her husband, three kids, and a whole lot of hard-won wisdom about rest.WebsiteInstagramYouTubeFacebookSupport the show

Dr. Jose Antonio, co-founder and CEO of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, joins Paul Warloski and Paul Laursen to separate effective sports supplements from overhyped products. He explains why protein, creatine, beta-alanine, nitrates, and caffeine form his evidence-backed top five, while also making the case for sodium bicarbonate. The conversation covers practical dosing, protein requirements, creatine for endurance athletes and cognitive health, ineffective testosterone boosters, the placebo effect, probiotics, personalized supplementation, and race-day carbohydrate strategies. Throughout the episode, Antonio advocates a pragmatic approach: identify the athlete's goal, assess the potential benefit and harm, use the available science, and pay attention to what works in the real world.Key TakeawaysStart with the athlete's goal. A supplement recommendation is only meaningful when tied to a specific performance, recovery, health, or body-composition objective.Antonio's top five are protein, creatine, beta-alanine, nitrates, and caffeine. Sodium bicarbonate earns an additional place because of its buffering and performance benefits.Caffeine works, but dosage matters. Antonio discusses an effective range of roughly 1–6 mg per kilogram, with approximately 3 mg/kg as a common starting point.Creatine is not just for bodybuilders. It may support recovery and performance in cycling, swimming, paddling, and other sports where body weight is supported.Five grams of creatine per day is generally sufficient for skeletal muscle. Higher doses may be needed to influence cognition, although the evidence is still developing.Distance runners may prefer a lower creatine dose. Antonio suggests that around 2 g per day could provide recovery benefits while limiting unwanted weight gain.Protein should remain high even on rest days. Recovery continues when athletes are not training, so protein intake should not drop dramatically.One gram of protein per pound of body weight is presented as a practical athletic baseline. Higher intake may provide benefits, but affordability and adherence are real constraints.Beetroot-derived nitrates are preferred over arginine. Citrulline may help, but its effective dosing can be inconvenient.Testosterone boosters are among the most overhyped supplements. Tongkat ali and turkesterone have not demonstrated meaningful improvements in lean mass or sustained testosterone elevation in healthy athletes.Belief can affect performance. Antonio describes a caffeine experiment in which participants performed according to the dose they thought they received—even though every dose was a placebo.Practice fueling strategies in training. Whether an athlete uses 30, 60, or 120 grams of carbohydrate per hour, race day should never be the first experiment.Dr. Jose AntonioPaul Warloski - Simple Endurance CoachingMarjaana Rakai | Nordic Performance Lab

What a title. We discuss sodium and who might be consuming wayyyy too much, how to make gains with strength training if you are perimenopause, a good training setup for glute priority and some wild videos that you don't want to miss. Plus, new merch and releases for members! Join below. ALL LINKS: https://swolenormous.com

Dhineli Perera talks to neurologist Dan McLaughlin about the benefits and risks with sodium valproate, especially in people of childbearing potential. Dan outlines the evolving landscape of valproate prescribing in Australia, its adverse effects, and recent controversies surrounding potential teratogenesis linked to paternal use. Read the full article in Australian Prescriber.

LaFleur Minerals Inc. LFLR:CSE | LFLRF:OTCQB | 3WK0:FSE LaFleur Minerals announced that Trafigura Canada Limited extended the exclusivity and due diligence period to August 31, 2026 for a proposed C$30 million prepayment facility and gold doré offtake agreement supporting the Swanson Gold Deposit and Beacon Gold Mill near Val-d'Or, Québec. The company also reported that mechanical reconditioning of the Beacon Gold Mill reached approximately 84% completion as of July 1, 2026, on budget, with staged commissioning targeted for Q4 2026 using existing stockpiles. HPQ Silicon Inc. HPQ:TSX-V | HPQFF:OTCQB | O08:FRA HPQ Silicon reported that its Fumed Silica Reactor pilot program achieved both primary objectives, reliably producing commercial-grade "150" fumed silica directly from quartz and generating the engineering data required for commercial-scale design. An engineering review by PyroGenesis strengthened confidence in commercial-scale economics, and strategic discussions have expanded beyond the original non-binding MOU for a proposed 1,000 tonne-per-year plant as market opportunities grew. Great Atlantic Resources Corp. GR:TSXV Great Atlantic reported that partner HM Exploration expanded the newly discovered blind massive sulphide lens at the Pilley's Island Project in Newfoundland, with holes nine and ten extending the lower zone approximately 40 metres northwest at a vertical depth of about 135 metres. The four latest holes added 1,115.60 metres for a total of 2,747.87 metres drilled; assays are pending, with a downhole EM survey and Phase Two drilling planned for fall 2026.IDEX Metals Corp. IDEX:TSXV | IDXMF:OTCQB IDEX Metals confirmed significant tungsten enrichment at its Freeze Property in Idaho, with re-assays returning 180.5 metres of 0.11% WO₃ and 72.2 metres of 0.13% WO₃, including 1.21 metres of 1.55% WO₃. Sodium peroxide fusion re-assaying showed the original four-acid method understated tungsten by up to 91% in the strongest sample; the remaining four 2025 Kismet drill holes will now be re-assayed and a second drill rig is expected on site by July 15. NexGold Mining Corp. NEXG:TSXV | NXGCF:OTCQX NexGold reported infill drill results from its Goldboro Gold Project in Nova Scotia, including 12.06 g/t gold over 6.0 metres and 3.84 g/t gold over 18.0 metres, and expanded the RC infill program from approximately 30,000 to 40,000 metres following a C$10 million flow-through financing. Results from 154 holes released to date confirm continuity of near-surface mineralization; the program is approximately 62% complete and an updated feasibility study is expected in Q3 2026. Follow AGORACOM for more breaking small-cap news and insights.

In this episode, Dr. Rena Malik, MD is joined by Dr Brian Eisner, Dr. Roger Sur, and Dr. Margaret Pearle to explore the rising rates of kidney stones, common myths about prevention, and the latest in minimally invasive treatment technologies. The discussion covers evidence-based strategies for prevention, the role of diet and hydration, and exciting developments that could transform how kidney stones are managed in the clinic and at home. Listeners will gain practical advice for reducing risk, understand what truly works, and learn about new innovations shaping the future of kidney stone care. Become a Member to Receive Exclusive Content: renamalik.supercast.com Schedule an appointment with me: https://www.renamalikmd.com/appointments ▶️Chapters: Become a Member to Receive Exclusive Content: renamalik.supercast.com Schedule an appointment with me: https://www.renamalikmd.com/appointments ▶️Chapters: 00:00:00 Introduction00:03:22 Why Kidney Stones Are Increasing00:09:36 What Kidney Stones Are Made Of00:12:30 Home Remedies and What Actually Helps00:24:57 Evidence-Based Stone Prevention00:31:45 Hydration and Urine Volume Goals00:37:47 Diet, Sodium, Protein, and Oxalates00:53:52 24-Hour Urine Testing01:08:00 Kidney Stone Symptoms and Treatment Decisions01:23:45 New Technologies and Surgical Options01:45:14 Stents, Follow-Up, and Future Innovation  Dr. Brian Eisner X - https://x.com/BEkidneystone LINKEDIN - https://www.linkedin.com/in/brian-eisner-0527a6378/ Dr. Roger Sur INSTAGRAM - https://www.instagram.com/roger_that_sur/ X - https://x.com/roger_sur LINKEDIN - https://www.linkedin.com/in/roger-sur-ba636a2ba/ UCSD website: https://providers.ucsd.edu/details/11625/urology-surgery Dr. Sur Saves Dolphin: https://youtu.be/uuGF6Z3iBv8?is=A7R0wQdRsHEOmw3h Let's Connect!: WEBSITE: http://www.renamalikmd.com YOUTUBE: https://www.youtube.com/@RenaMalikMD INSTAGRAM: http://www.instagram.com/RenaMalikMD TWITTER: http://twitter.com/RenaMalikMD FACEBOOK: https://www.facebook.com/RenaMalikMD/ LINKEDIN: https://www.linkedin.com/in/renadmalik PINTEREST: https://www.pinterest.com/renamalikmd/ TIKTOK: https://www.tiktok.com/RenaMalikMD ------------------------------------------------------ DISCLAIMER: This podcast is purely educational and does not constitute medical advice. The content of this podcast is my personal opinion, and not that of my employer(s). Use of this information is at your own risk. Rena Malik, M.D. will not assume any liability for any direct or indirect losses or damages that may result from the use of information contained in this podcast including but not limited to economic loss, injury, illness or death. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Send us Fan MailToday we interview Dr. Nicholas Salupo, a young nephrologist in private practice.  Dr. Salupo will discuss his journey into medicine and why he chose nephrology.  Further, he will talk about his involvement with the AOA and specifically a new platform he helped to develop with the AOIA (American Osteopathic Information  Association) called "Emerging DO!"  

Carnivore Diet, Cholesterol, Gut Bacteria, Microbiome, and Fasting Insulin Results from a 90-Day Self-Experiment What if cutting out fiber entirely actually improved your gut bacteria? This episode breaks down a real 90-day carnivore self-experiment, complete with before and after blood work, stool testing, and continuous glucose data, that challenges everything you think you know about fiber, cholesterol, and metabolic health. Watch this episode on YouTube for the full video experience: https://www.youtube.com/@DaveAspreyBPR Host Dave Asprey sits down with Ben Azadi, founder of Keto Kamp and bestselling author of Metabolic Freedom. After overcoming obesity and severe health challenges, Ben has spent years educating millions of people on metabolic health, fasting, ketosis, and biohacking strategies through his podcast, books, and YouTube channel with over a million subscribers. He is known for turning complex science into practical tools anyone can use to burn fat, boost human performance, and support long-term longevity. Ben walks through what happened when he ate nothing but meat, eggs, and dairy for 90 straight days, tracking everything from his microbiome diversity to his LDL particle size. His cholesterol numbers spiked, but the full lipid panel tells a very different story than most doctors would assume. They get into why ketosis works better when you cycle in and out of it, how sodium and electrolytes play a bigger role in insulin resistance than most people realize, and why eating 17 to 23 times a day might be quietly wrecking your metabolism. The conversation also covers the real science behind creatine absorption, why Dave adds his to hot coffee for better brain uptake, the truth about cooking oils and smoke points, and why cold plunging is one of the most misunderstood biohacks in the wellness space. Dave and Ben dig into mitochondria, fasting protocols, sleep optimization, and the supplements that actually move the needle for energy, fat loss, and anti-aging. This is essential listening for anyone serious about biohacking, functional medicine, brain optimization, and building a body that performs at a higher level for longer. You'll Learn: What 90 days of zero fiber actually did to his gut bacteria and microbiome diversity Why his cholesterol went up but his cardiovascular risk markers stayed low The real reason cyclical ketosis works better than staying in ketosis full time How sodium and electrolyte intake affects insulin resistance and metabolism Why eating too frequently keeps your body stuck in glucose and insulin spikes The creatine hack that increases brain absorption using hot coffee Why cold plunging is overrated for most people who skip the hormesis basics Thank you to our sponsors! - PredictiveMind™ | Get your Brain Pattern Mapping report at predictivemind.io/dave and use code DAVE for 10% off. - ZenBud | Dave's Nervous System Biohack. Visit zenbud.health and use code DAVE15 at checkout for a discount. - Timeline | Visit timeline.com/dave to learn more about Mitopure and get 20% off your first order for a limited time. - ENERGYbits | If you want a simpler, smarter way to support your body… this is it. Head to ENERGYbits.com and use code ASPREY for 20% off your order. Dave Asprey is a four-time New York Times bestselling author, founder of Bulletproof Coffee, and the father of biohacking. With over 1,000 interviews and 1 million monthly listeners, The Human Upgrade brings you the knowledge to take control of your biology, extend your longevity, and optimize every system in your body and mind. Each episode delivers cutting-edge insights inhealth, performance, neuroscience, supplements, nutrition, biohacking, emotional intelligence, and conscious living. New episodes are released every Tuesday, Thursday, Friday, and Sunday (BONUS). Dave asks the questions no one else will and gives you real tools to become stronger, smarter, and more resilient. Keywords: Ben Azadi, Keto Kamp, carnivore diet, 90-day carnivore experiment, gut microbiome, gut bacteria diversity, fiber-free diet, LDL particle size, cyclical ketosis, fasting, autophagy, electrolytes, sodium intake, insulin resistance, fasting insulin, creatine, blood-brain barrier, melatonin, mitochondria, hormesis, cold plunge, dopamine receptors, olive oil polyphenols, smoke point, beef tallow, seed oils, HRV, sleep optimization, KetoFlex, Metabolic Freedom Resources: • See All Of Ben Azadi's Content At: https://benazadi.com/ • Check Out Ben's YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@KetoKamp • Get My 2026 Clean Nicotine Roadmap | Enroll for free at https://daveasprey.com/2026-clean-nicotine-roadmap/ • Dave Asprey's Latest News | Go to https://daveasprey.com/ to join Inside Track today. • Danger Coffee: https://dangercoffee.com/discount/dave15 • My Daily Supplements: SuppGrade Labs (15% Off) • Favorite Blue Light Blocking Glasses: TrueDark (15% Off) • Dave Asprey's BEYOND Conference: https://beyondconference.com • Dave Asprey's New Book – Heavily Meditated: https://daveasprey.com/heavily-meditated • Join My Substack (Live Access To Podcast Recordings): https://substack.daveasprey.com/ • Upgrade Labs: https://upgradelabs.com Timestamps: 00:00 – Trailer 01:15 – 90-Day Carnivore Experiment 04:43 – Cholesterol & Lipid Results 09:12 – Cyclical Keto Approach 20:19 – Reading Body Signals 26:36 – Danger Creatine Launch 31:55 – Calories vs. Hormones 33:53 – Root Cause of Insulin Resistance 35:37 – Sodium & Electrolytes 45:11 – Sleep Optimization 49:19 – Cold Plunging Overrated 51:17 – BICEP & Dopamine Reset See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

We break down the foundational physiology of sodium alongside a groundbreaking paradigm shift in athlete hydration science. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Peak week isn't about one trick—it's about getting every piece to work together. Scott Stevenson joins Scott McNally for an in-depth discussion on training, carb loading, water manipulation, and the physiology behind bringing your best physique to the stage. If you're a competitive bodybuilder or coach, this episode is packed with practical contest prep insights you can apply immediately. 0:00 Peak Week Training & Glycogen Depletion 1:20 Support Our Sponsors 2:20 How Should You Train During Peak Week? 6:00 Keep Training Similar During Peak Week 11:00 Creating Supercompensation Through Glycogen Depletion 20:00 How Long Does a Carb Load Last? 25:45 Improve Muscle Contractions Through Posing Practice and Visualization 27:45 How Depleted Should You Get Before Carb Loading? 29:10 Why You Should Practice Your Carb Load Before Show Day 33:20 Why Water, Sodium & Potassium Drive Carb Loading 36:00 What Really Causes You to Spill Over? 39:30 Fat Loading: Using Intramuscular Triglycerides 48:30 Nutrition After the Carb Load 54:00 Creating a Natural Diuretic Effect 1:00:00 Coaching & Consultations with Scott Stevenson 1:05:45 Can You Successfully Coach Yourself? 1:07:30 Why Most Bodybuilders Don't Need Diuretics Scott Stevenson's Published Paper On Peak Week : "Training Considerations for the Bodybuilding Peak Week" https://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/abstract/9900/training_considerations_for_the_bodybuilding_peak.230.aspx

Discover all of the podcasts in our network, search for specific episodes, get the Optimal Living Daily workbook, and learn more at: OLDPodcast.com. Episode 3449: Hrefna Palsdottir explains the common causes of water retention and shares several evidence-based dietary strategies that may help reduce mild swelling and fluid buildup. Learn how nutrients like magnesium, potassium, and vitamin B6, along with simple lifestyle adjustments, may support healthier fluid balance and when persistent symptoms warrant medical attention. Read along with the original article(s) here: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/6-ways-to-reduce-water-retention Quotes to ponder: "Water retention occurs when excess fluids build up inside your body." "Sodium binds to water in the body and helps maintain the balance of fluids both inside and outside of cells." "Potassium appears to help reduce water retention in two ways, by decreasing sodium levels and increasing urine production." Episode references: Cranberry Juice: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranberry_juice Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

I've been watching the Sheriff of Sodium break down medical education data on social media for years, so I'm thrilled to finally have Dr. Bryan Carmody on the show to help me understand what's actually happening to the system that turns medical students into doctors. We start with the basics What the Match is, why it was created in the 1950s to solve a headhunting problem that was stressing everyone out, and how the algorithm actually works. We quickly get into what's gone sideways since then: the residency selection arms race, where every year applicants have more publications, higher board scores, and more research experiences than the year before, and yet the match rate hasn't moved, meaning they've all just collectively agreed to suffer more for the same outcome. Bryan also breaks down what happened when Step 1 went pass/fail and the uncomfortable fact that about 25% of medical student publications have never been cited by anyone, ever. We also go through the 2026 Match data, who's thriving, who's struggling, and what it actually means when programs can't fill their spots. Bryan puts the "physician shortage" debate in real context: it's not that we don't have enough doctors, it's that we've created terrible incentives for where doctors practice and what they do. We get into international medical graduates, the growth of new medical schools, and the signaling system, a newer mechanism that tries to fix the problem of people applying to 200 programs just to hedge their bets. I also reveal that stand-up comedy is what got me my residency interviews, which honestly tracks. Takeaways: The residency selection arms race is real but largely self-defeating, match rates for US medical students haven't meaningfully changed, meaning all the extra publications, research experiences, and board prep have just raised the floor without helping anyone actually get ahead. The "physician shortage" is mostly a distribution and incentives problem, not a numbers problem, there are about 1.3 residency positions for every graduating US MD/DO, and the real issue is that doctors rationally choose to practice in places with better pay, better amenities, and better working conditions. We probably don't need more medical schools, the constraint isn't classrooms, it's clinical training sites, and adding more schools without more high-quality hospital rotations just dilutes an already strained system. Family medicine, pediatrics, and emergency medicine are the specialties with the most unfilled residency spots and it's a combination of too many new programs being created and not enough applicants choosing those fields, driven by the same incentive mismatches that cause geographic maldistribution. Signaling is a genuine improvement to a broken application process, it gives programs a way to identify applicants who actually want to be there, rather than sifting through hundreds of applications from people who clicked every available program just to maximize their odds. — Want more Dr. Bryan Carmody: @jbcarmody on X/Instagram/Threads/Bluesky and Sheriff of Sodium on YouTube. To Get Tickets to Wife & Death: You can visit Glaucomflecken.com/live  We want to hear YOUR stories (and medical puns)! Shoot us an email and say hi! knockknockhi@human-content.com Can't get enough of us? Shucks. You can support the show on Patreon for early episode access, exclusive bonus shows, livestream hangouts, and much more! –⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ http://www.patreon.com/glaucomflecken⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠  Also, be sure to check out the newsletter: https://glaucomflecken.com/glauc-to-me/ If you are interested in buying a book from one of our guests, check them all out here: https://www.amazon.com/shop/dr.glaucomflecken If you want more information on models I use: Anatomy Warehouse provides for the best, crafting custom anatomical products, medical simulation kits and presentation models that create a lasting educational impact.  For more information go to Anatomy Warehouse DOT com. Link: https://anatomywarehouse.com/?aff=14 Plus for 15% off use code: Glaucomflecken15 -- A friendly reminder from the G's and Tarsus: If you want to learn more about Demodex Blepharitis, making an appointment with your eye doctor for an eyelid exam can help you know for sure. Visit ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠http://www.EyelidCheck.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ for more information. Produced by⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Human Content⁠⁠⁠ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

CATL unveiled its TENER Sodium energy storage system at Intersolar Europe in Munich, rated for 15,000 cycles to 70 percent state of health at room temperature. CATL frames that as a 25 to 30 year service life, and it takes only 34 modules to stand up a one gigawatt-hour site. That single specification changes how commercial storage professionals price, propose, and finance battery projects. Tim Montague and John Weaver dig into what it means, alongside Illinois growing from about 80 megawatts of solar a decade ago to over 6,000 megawatts today under the new CRGA law, SunBallast ballasted racking and what module stacking tells you about install labor, UK bids for 16 and 18 hour long-duration storage, perovskite modules reaching the residential market, El Niño shifting solar output across the US, and silver falling more than 50 percent from its 2026 peak.Episode HighlightsCATL sodium ion battery, 15,000 cycles: CATL launched its TENER Sodium system at Intersolar Europe in Munich. It is rated for 15,000 cycles to 70 percent state of health at 25 degrees C, which CATL frames as a 25 to 30 year service life, and just 34 modules build a 1 GWh site. (Energy Storage News)Sodium ion safety advantage: CATL claims its sodium cells cut expansion force by roughly 40 percent, generate about 35 percent less gas during thermal runaway, and hold peak surface temperatures far below comparable lithium ion. The fire and thermal-runaway story is a big part of why C&I buyers are paying attention to sodium. (Interesting Engineering)Sodium ion in the fast-response role: John flagged a detail from a CATL hybrid storage proposal where sodium was specified for the faster-response duty and lithium for the slower role. Worth keeping in context. This is one proposal's configuration, not a blanket claim that sodium beats lithium on response everywhere.GM and Peak Energy sodium ion partnership: General Motors is moving into stationary storage with Peak Energy, backed by a strategic investment from GM Ventures. GM will develop the sodium ion cell in its Michigan battery lab and keep exclusive manufacturing rights, while Peak integrates the cell into its passively cooled storage systems. Peak energized the first U.S. grid-scale sodium-ion system, 3.5 MWh, in Watkins, Colorado, in 2025. (Inside Climate News)Illinois energy transition, 80 MW to 6 GW: Tim attended a Nexamp event at the company's Chicago office, where IPA director Brian Granahan reported Illinois has grown from about 80 megawatts of solar a decade ago to over 6,000 megawatts energized today, with roughly 14.5 gigawatts of wind and solar developed under the state RPS (13 GW to date plus about 1.5 GW just approved). The engine is CRGA, the Clean and Reliable Grid Affordability Act (SB 25, pronounced "Surge"), which runs its first utility-scale storage procurement in August, the opening tranche toward 3 GW by 2030 via additional 2027 and 2028 rounds. Residential VPP enrollment opens in mid-July, with ComEd and Ameren customers able to put home batteries into a short-term scheduled-dispatch pilot this summer. (PV Magazine)SunBallast racking and install labor: The hosts walk through SunBallast ballasted, no-penetration racking and get into the labor economics of module mounting, including what the way different manufacturers stack modules for shipping tells you about handling time on the job site.UK long-duration storage bids at 16 and 18 hours: Fresh procurement results out of Scotland and England show projects awarded at 16 and 18 hours of duration. John notes it is the first time he has seen bids at that scale and ties it to Scotland's wind-heavy generation profile. (Blue Sky)Trina Solar perovskite module hits residential market: Trina landed its first commercial order for a perovskite-silicon tandem module, going into New Zealand's premium residential market. The record-setting module is 907 watts at 29.2 percent efficiency, certified by TUV SUD. (Perovskite Info)El Niño and solar irradiance shifts: John walks through regional solar output swings across the US and globally. Rajasthan, India, home to some of the world's largest solar plants, is projected to run about 15 percent above its seasonal average this season. (PV Magazine)Silver prices fall more than 50 percent: Silver has dropped from its late-January 2026 record near 121 dollars to the upper 50s, more than half off the peak, on a stronger dollar and a hawkish Fed. It matters for PV because silver paste is a real line item, and World Silver Survey data shows solar's silver demand down about 19 percent. (TheStreet)This episode is essential for commercial solar installers, battery storage developers, community solar professionals, and clean energy policy watchers. The sodium ion story has direct and immediate implications for how professionals structure storage proposals, financial models, and customer conversations. Illinois developers will also want Tim's firsthand account of the CRGA storage procurement and the residential VPP pilot going live this summer. Support the showConnect with Tim  Clean Power Hour  Clean Power Hour on YouTubeTim on TwitterTim on LinkedIn Email tim@cleanpowerhour.com Review Clean Power Hour on Apple PodcastsThe Clean Power Hour is produced by the Clean Power Consulting Group and created by Tim Montague. Contact us by email:  CleanPowerHour@gmail.comCorporate sponsors who share our mission to speed the energy transition are invited to check out https://www.cleanpowerhour.com/support/The Clean Power Hour is brought to you by CPS America, maker of North America's number one 3-phase string inverter, with over 6GW shipped in the US. With a focus on commercial and utility-scale solar and energy storage, the company partners with customers to provide unparalleled performance and service. The CPS America product lineup includes 3-phase string inverters from 25kW to 275kW, exceptional data communication and controls, and energy storage solutions designed for seamless integration with CPS America systems.  Learn more at www.chintpowersystems.com

Discover all of the podcasts in our network, search for specific episodes, get the Optimal Living Daily workbook, and learn more at: OLDPodcast.com. Episode 3449: Hrefna Palsdottir explains the common causes of water retention and shares several evidence-based dietary strategies that may help reduce mild swelling and fluid buildup. Learn how nutrients like magnesium, potassium, and vitamin B6, along with simple lifestyle adjustments, may support healthier fluid balance and when persistent symptoms warrant medical attention. Read along with the original article(s) here: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/6-ways-to-reduce-water-retention Quotes to ponder: "Water retention occurs when excess fluids build up inside your body." "Sodium binds to water in the body and helps maintain the balance of fluids both inside and outside of cells." "Potassium appears to help reduce water retention in two ways, by decreasing sodium levels and increasing urine production." Episode references: Cranberry Juice: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranberry_juice Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Chad and Mike discuss the mechanisms behind sodium channels in nerve cells. These proteins open and close based on voltage differences in the cells. Subscribe to the podcast to get the latest episodes as soon as they're available.

For episode 300, we have a first! Jill will walk you through a urine collection, step by step, so you can better understand your results!Get Featured!Leave us a voice message at call.show/kidneystonediet to be featured on the show!Chapters(00:00) - Introduction to Urine Collection and Results (01:55) - Understanding Urine Collection Results (04:21) - The Importance of Hydration (07:42) - Analyzing Calcium and Oxalate Levels (10:24) - Dietary Factors Affecting Kidney Stones (13:10) - The Role of Sodium in Kidney Health (16:32) - Patient Success Stories and Compliance (19:18) - Community Engagement and Support ——When you're ready, here's how I can helpSince 1998, I've helped thousands of patients prevent kidney stones. With my Kidney Stone Diet All-Access Pass, you get access to every prevention tool I've ever created:Weekly Kidney Stone Diet Meal Plans​4 meals per day, 7 days per weekWeekly Kidney Stone Prevention Group Consultations3 video calls per week with me and the Kidney Stone Diet communityAll of my Kidney Stone Diet EbooksLow Oxalate Protein Bars, Kidney Stone Safe Smoothies, Kidney Stone Safe Snacks & Desserts, and the Low Oxalate CookbookPlus, 20% Off Private ConsultationsAnd, as a BONUS, you'll get my flagship Kidney Stone Prevention Course (normally $249) absolutely free!LEARN MORE!——WHO IS JILL HARRIS? _Since 1998, Jill Harris has been the #1 kidney stone prevention nurse helping patients prevent kidney stones. Drawing from her work with world-renowned University of Chicago nephrologist, Dr. Fred Coe, and the thousands of patients she's worked with directly, she created the Kidney Stone Diet®. With a simple, self-guided online video course, meal plans, cookbooks, group consultations, and private consultations, Kidney Stone Diet® is Jill's effort to help as many patients as possible prevent kidney stones for good.

What if the anxiety, rage, crying, and exhaustion before your period are not just “hormones being hormones,” but are actually showing you where your body needs support long before your period starts?You've tried the supplements. You cleaned up your food. Maybe you've tried medication, tracked your cycle, worked on your mindset, and done so many of the “right” things. And still, one to two weeks every month, it feels like someone flipped a switch.One part of the month, you feel like yourself - you can handle life, enjoy your family, and think clearly. And then the luteal phase hits, and suddenly everything feels heavier. You're irritated, anxious, crying, snapping, craving carbs, not sleeping well, and wondering why this keeps happening when you're trying so hard.So, in this episode, I'm putting the whole picture together for you.I'm walking you through what's actually happening in your body with PMS and PMDD. You'll understand why your luteal phase can feel so intense, why your symptoms are not a personality flaw, and what they are trying to show you about progesterone, cortisol, minerals, blood sugar, and the way your body is handling stress.I want this episode to feel like someone finally slowed down and explained in plain language what's been happening in your body.Here's what I'll get into:Why PMS and PMDD can make you feel like a completely different person, sometimes almost overnightWhat your luteal phase is trying to show you about the rest of your monthHow progesterone, allopregnanolone, and GABA affect your mood, patience, sleep, and ability to handle normal lifeWhy cortisol can steal from progesterone and keep your body in survival modeThe mineral pieces most women are missing, especially magnesium, sodium, and potassiumWhy blood sugar, breakfast, and consistency matter more than the next hormone trendLet's be really clear for a second. PMS symptoms like irritability, rage, breast tenderness, bloating, acne, painful periods, and feeling like you cannot handle your life are common, but they are not something you just have to accept forever.And if you've ever been told, “It's just your hormones,” or “That's normal,” or “Your labs look fine,” I want you to hear me. Your body is giving you information. Those symptoms are signals that something needs support, and once you understand the pattern, you can stop blaming yourself for it.Your cycle is not just your period. Your period is the end of a month-long hormone conversation your body has been having. So when things fall apart in the luteal phase, that is not random. That second half of your cycle is showing you what your body has been carrying all month long, and sometimes even the month before.One of the biggest pieces I talk about in this episode is progesterone. So many women think progesterone is the problem because they feel worse in the luteal phase, when progesterone should be higher. But progesterone is actually one of the hormones that helps you feel calm, steady, rested, and more like yourself.The problem comes when your body is not making enough progesterone, or when estrogen is not clearing well, or when your brain is extra sensitive to the normal hormone shifts before your period. That is where PMS and PMDD symptoms can get really intense.I also talk about cortisol, because this is where the “I'm doing everything right” woman can get stuck. If your body is getting signals all day long that life is not safe, from under-eating, skipping breakfast, running on coffee, over-exercising, not sleeping enough, emotional stress, or just living in constant go-mode, your body is going to prioritize survival.And when survival is the priority, progesterone gets pushed to the side.That is why safety is not just a cute nervous-system word. It is a biological requirement for making hormones well. Your body has to believe there is enough coming in before it will prioritize things like ovulation, progesterone, good sleep, healthy metabolism, stable mood, and smooth cycles.I also get into minerals in this episode, because this is such a missing piece for so many women. Magnesium gets talked about a lot, and yes, it matters. But magnesium does not work alone. Sodium and potassium matter too, and they are deeply connected to your stress response, energy, blood sugar, hormones getting into the cells, and your ability to feel steady instead of overwhelmed.Then there is blood sugar. If you are starting your day with coffee before food, skipping breakfast, eating something tiny, or going too long between meals, your body may be getting a stress signal before your day even gets stressful. And in the luteal phase, that matters even more because your body needs more support, not less.This is why random supplements, diet trends, fasting, cold plunging, and trying harder usually do not fix PMS long-term. Your body needs consistency. It needs food, minerals, sleep, sunlight, emotional safety, and a plan that fits your life as a busy mom.And I know that might sound simple, but simple is usually the part we skip because we think the real answer must be more advanced.If you've been stuck in the cycle of trying random things, feeling better for a minute, and then ending up right back in the same luteal phase spiral, this episode will help you zoom out and finally understand what your body has been asking for.So, take one step today that actually moves you forward. Listen to the episode, grab the breakfast mini podcast, or reach out about coaching so we can look at what is happening in your body and build a plan that makes sense for you.MENTIONED IN THIS EPISODE:Fix Your Breakfast, Fix Your Hormones Podcast CourseNEED HELP FIXING YOUR HORMONES? CHECK OUT MY RESOURCES:Breakfast GuideNourish Tracker - Discount code: HAPPILYHORMONALBook a FREE Hormone Strategy Call with meGrab your Happily Hormonal Quick Start GuideHormone Imbalance Quiz - Find out which of the top 3 hormone imbalances affects you most!Join Nourish Your Hormones Coaching for the step-by-step and my eyes on YOUR hormones for the next 4 months.Send us a text with episode feedback or ideas! (We can't respond to texts unless you include contact info but always read them)Don't forget to subscribe, share this episode, and leave a review. Your support helps us reach more women looking for answers.Disclaimer: Nothing in this podcast is to be taken as medical advice, please take informed accountability and speak to your provider before making changes to your health routine.This podcast is for women and moms to learn how to balance hormones naturally in motherhood, to have pain-free periods, increased fertility, to decrease PMS mood swings, and to increase energy without restrictive diet plans. You'll learn how to balance blood sugar, increase progesterone naturally, understand the root cause of estrogen dominance, irregular periods, PCOS, insulin resistance, hormonal acne, post birth-control syndrome, and conceive naturally. We use a pro-metabolic, whole food, root cause approach to functional women's health and focus on truly holistic health and mind-body connection.If you listen to any of the following shows, we're sure you'll like ours too! Pursuit of Wellness with Mari Llewellyn, Culture Apothecary with Alex Clark, Found My Fitness with Rhonda Patrick, Just Ingredients Podcast, Wellness Mama, The Dr Josh Axe Show, Are You Menstrual Podcast, The Model Health Show, Grounded Wellness By Primally Pure, Be Well By Kelly Leveque, The Freely Rooted Podcast with Kori Meloy, Simple Farmhouse Life with Lisa Bass

Why is Europe experiencing a heatwave? What happens if a being from a different dimension enters our dimension? Why are wombats able to produce square-shaped faeces? Can we live without sodium? Is there a scientific explanation for xenophobia? Why did the Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool turn into a green swamp? What causes early morning phlegm, even without a cold? Dr Chris Smith and Clarence Ford have the answers... Like this podcast? Please help us by supporting the Naked Scientists

Why is Europe experiencing a heatwave? What happens if a being from a different dimension enters our dimension? Why are wombats able to produce square-shaped faeces? Can we live without sodium? Is there a scientific explanation for xenophobia? Why did the Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool turn into a green swamp? What causes early morning phlegm, even without a cold? Dr Chris Smith and Clarence Ford have the answers... Like this podcast? Please help us by supporting the Naked Scientists

Show notes at pharmacyjoe.com/episode1142 In this episode, I'll discuss sodium bicarbonate for critically ill adult patients with metabolic acidosis and shock.

Your blood pressure medication may be lowering one of the very nutrients needed to support healthy blood pressure. Discover what causes high blood pressure and why your blood pressure won't go down, despite treatment. 0:00 Why your high blood pressure won't go down0:20 Thiazide diuretics and magnesium depletion 1:48 Calcium channel blockers 2:16 Magnesium and potassium 4:12 Vitamin D deficiency and hypertension 5:27 What causes high blood pressure?7:56 Sodium and high blood pressure 8:53 How to lower blood pressure This video is for educational purposes only, not medical advice. Do not start, stop, or change medication without your physician.

What happens to your body during a 5-day fast? Discover the benefits of fasting day by day, how to activate autophagy, support cellular repair and cleanup, plus fasting tips for maximum results. 0:00 Fasting day by day 1:03 mTOR fasting 1:57 Fasting day 1 2:26 Sodium while fasting 3:32 Day 2 fasting 5:10 Autophagy benefits day 3 7:47 Prolonged fasting benefits day 49:24 5 days of fasting results 10:26 Refeeding tips 11:17 Fasting contraindications

Major elimination of static and noise in HF radio reception using neural networks and machine learning. Sodium ion battery tests. Hurricane season preparation. 1:08:20

Major elimination of static and noise in HF radio reception using neural networks and machine learning. Sodium ion battery tests. Hurricane season preparation. 1:08:20

Tell me your favorite episode for the 6th anniversary show!It is a metal that can explode in water, a part of a mineral that helped build empires, and an ion that allows your nerves to fire and your muscles to move.  It has helped preserve food, shaped trade routes, powered industries, and become one of the most common substances in kitchens around the world.  Few elements are more ordinary, more essential, or more chemically explosive.  Learn more about sodium on this episode of Everything Everywhere Daily. Sponsors Saily Get an exclusive 15% discount on Saily data plans! Use code everythingeverywhere at checkout. Download Saily app or go to https://saily.com/everythingeverywhere ButcherBox Get your choice between chicken breast or top sirloin for a year OR ground beef for life, PLUS $20 off when you go to ButcherBox.com/everything Quince Go to quince.com/daily for 365-day returns, plus free shipping on your order! Mint Mobile Save 50% on Unlimited premium wireless plans starting at $15/month at MintMobile.com/EED TrueWerk Get 15% off your first order at truewerk.com with code everything DripDrop Go to dripdrop.com and use promo code everything for 20% off your first order! Subscribe to the podcast!  https://everything-everywhere.com/everything-everywhere-daily-podcast/ -------------------------------- Executive Producer: Charles Daniel Associate Producers: Austin Oetken & Cameron Kieffer   Become a supporter on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/everythingeverywhere Discord Server: https://discord.gg/Ds7Rx7jvPJ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/everythingeverywhere/ Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/everythingeverywheredaily Twitter: https://twitter.com/everywheretrip Website: https://everything-everywhere.com/  Disce aliquid novi cotidie Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Thanks to Precision Fuel & Hydration for sponsoring this video! Get 15% off your first order at http://visit.pfandh.com/extramilestshow   Katja shares the lessons how she went from a complete beginner to an experienced runner, how low heart rate training became a game changer, and ways to reach breakthroughs in your running and life.   Watch the full video on YouTube     Chapters: 0:00 — From Couch to 4 World Marathon Majors After 40 2:56 — When running first became meaningful 4:00 — Finding community through running 9:25 — The moment everything finally clicked in her training 10:48 — The breakthrough that made Katja faster 14:02 — How to race your best when everything goes wrong 16:31 — Precision Fuel and Hydration sponsorship 17:43 — The PR-or-bust racing approach 22:06 — Katja's journey with low heart rate training 24:53 — How to find your easy heart rate zone 25:55 — Why low intensity helps runners build safely 33:34 — Recovery from 50–60 mile weeks 37:44 — Why fueling properly improves recovery 39:48 — 90–100g of carbs per hour 44:09 — Sodium, hydration, and marathon fueling strategy 49:32 — Advice for new runners just starting out 53:55 — Why age shouldn't limit your running 56:09 — Strength training, mantras, and racing mindset 58:43— Learning to embrace the pain cave 1:04:23 — How to stay motivated and consistent 1:06:58 — Tommy Rivers at the NY Marathon 1:09:32 — Why running is about more than finish times 1:13:16 — Where to find Katja 1:14:00 — How to become a stronger, healthier, happier athlete 1:15:04 — What's next for Katja 1:15:47 — The mindset that keeps you improving as a runner   Affiliate Disclosure: I may earn commissions if you purchase items via my affiliate links. "As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases." Affiliate links do not increase cost to you. Also, you do not need to use these links. You can also search for these same items in Amazon or on any search engine/shopping site of your choice and buy/research them that way.    FIND KATJA: ► INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/katja_bluemoon/  ► FACEBOOK: https://www.facebook.com/KatjaSnaps  ► STRAVA: https://www.strava.com/athletes/65443975    LINKS & TOOLS MENTIONED: ► My Personal Best Running Coaching Program: https://www.skool.com/personalbest ► Precision Fuel and Hydration (Get 15% off your first order): http://visit.pfandh.com/extramilestshow  ► Buy my new book Running Breakthroughs: https://geni.us/running-breakthroughs  ► Jakob Ingebrigtsen Episode: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQeh_Pg0Nz0   YOU CAN FIND ME, FLORIS GIERMAN HERE:  ► Podcast: https://extramilest.com/podcast ► Strava: https://www.strava.com/athletes/1329785    ► Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/florisgierman ► Extramilest Website: https://extramilest.com   ► Path Projects Website: https://pathprojects.com   ABOUT THE EXTRAMILEST SHOW: A podcast and YouTube channel where host Floris Gierman interviews world class athletes, coaches and health experts on the topic of how to become a stronger, healthier and happier athlete. More info about our running coaching program can be found at https://www.skool.com/personalbest.    Subscribe and hit the bell to see new videos: https://bit.ly/Flo-YT   #Running #MarathonTraining #RunningMotivation #HalfMarathon #marathon #zone2  

The $100,000 H-1b visa fee landed in September 2025 like a fire alarm in the hallways of medicine—hospitals panicked, advocacy groups mobilized, and a lot of people predicted the international resident pipeline would collapse. Dr. Bryan Carmody, The Sheriff of Sodium rejoins co-hosts David Lee, Mukund Viswanadha, and Isa Perez-Sandi to ask the question nobody was asking: was the panic grounded in reality? More interesting to think about: why rural physician shortages are a compensation and incentive problem, not a numbers problem; why loan forgiveness alone probably isn't moving the needle; and what separates effective physician advocacy from "just expressing emotion and hoping facts do the work." Then graduating high-school listener Aditi asks whether community college is a viable launch pad for medicine.

Marty checks in 26 days out from the Gold Coast Marathon to discuss his peak marathon training, achilles niggle, biggest long run yet, fueling plan including sodium loading, race weight, sauna, strength work, and shoe choice. Marty Bordignon Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/martybordignon/ Marty Bordignon Strava: https://www.strava.com/athletes/martybordignon/ Marty Bordignon Podcast: https://open.spotify.com/user/martyb-au?si=sgXyMAYERJGyKdGCYeXTUw Train with Matt: https://sweatelitecoaching.com/matt-fox/ Private Podcast Feed + Discord: https://www.sweatelite.co/shareholders/ Contact Matt: matt@sweatelite.co Matt Fox Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/mattinglisfox/ Matt Fox Strava Training Log: https://www.strava.com/athletes/6248359/ With 26 days until the Gold Coast Marathon, Matt and Marty review Marty's peak marathon build, including a 36.36 km long run averaging 4:07/km with 22.57 km at 3:46/km, faster than his current 2:46 PB pace. Marty explains that the run felt hard partly due to early Achilles tightness, which flared after stopping, and he reflects on whether he could have extended the marathon-effort segment closer to 30 km. The conversation covers Marty's confidence around breaking 2:40, his doubts about holding 3:45/km on race day, and his estimate of around a 30% chance if everything comes together. Matt and Marty also discuss his weekly mileage rising toward roughly 160 km, a strong 2 km "on" / 1 km float session, and the mental benefits and drawbacks of group training, Strava comparison, and chasing other runners' sessions. They also talk through Marty's current race weight of around 66.5 kg, his plan to take 100 g of carbohydrates per hour, heavy sodium loading to reduce cramping risk, minimal fluids, and possible beetroot and bicarb trials. Marty shares that he has neglected sauna and strength work since moving but may add heat sessions back in, while Matt and Marty debate sauna protocols, strength training tradeoffs, and whether the Puma FastR is the right race-day shoe despite Achilles concerns. Timestamps: 00:00 - Marathon Build Check In 01:06 - Big Long Run Breakdown 02:54 - Achilles Scare And Effort 05:45 - Confidence And Goal Pace Doubts 09:37 - Mileage Ramp And Consistency 11:01 - Float Session Fitness Boost 12:28 - Group Training And Strava Mind Games 15:25 - Sauna Plans And Heat Protocol 19:14 - Strength Training Debate 25:30 - Race Weight And Nutrition Update 27:00 - Elite Weight Targets Story 28:19 - George's Weight Cut 29:02 - Comrades Race Preview 29:46 - Chasing Race Weight 31:06 - Gold Coast Fuel Plan 33:42 - Hydration and Cramping 35:04 - Beetroot and Bicarb 38:26 - Shoe Choice Debate 41:42 - New Shoes and Kit 43:43 - Wrap Up and Next Episode

A single line on a label can shake an entire trade, especially when that trade has been using the product for 30 plus years. We pick back up with Scott Hamilton, the CEO of United Chemical, to sort out what the EPA's “not for use in outdoor pools” language is really responding to, and whether the bromate concern is being evaluated in a way that matches real pool conditions.We get into the chemistry behind bromate exposure, including why some researchers argue it should not be assessed with a strictly linear model. Scott explains the case for looking at thresholds and real-world dose, plus the research showing how stomach acid can reduce a large portion of trace bromate back into bromide. We also talk about what makes the EPA process move slowly: protocol review, data acceptance, and the very real staffing and workload constraints that can turn a decision into a multi-year timeline.Then we zoom out to the business and legal side of pool chemical regulation. Why do some products stop claiming they “kill algae” even when pros swear they work? Because pesticidal claims trigger registrations, state-by-state fees, and a compliance burden that can be brutal. We also address the fear factor directly, how to think about risk tolerance, and why transparency matters when the manufacturer has a stake in the outcome. If you want to judge the study for yourself, we point you to the download link.Subscribe for more pool industry deep dives, share this with a tech who's debating sodium bromide, and leave a review with your take: should outdoor pool labeling follow worst-case assumptions or field-relevant data?We keep talking with Scott Hamilton about the EPA's interim stance on sodium bromide labels and what the latest bromate data actually says about real-world risk. We weigh the science, the legal reality of pesticidal claims, and why transparency matters when pool pros have relied on a product for decades.  • how bromate exposure is being modeled and why linear risk assumptions may not fit real pool use  • what research says about stomach acid reducing trace bromate back to bromide  • how the EPA makes interim decisions and what it would take to revisit or reverse them  • why some manufacturers remove algae-kill claims and how registration fees shape labels  • how to think about risk tolerance alongside other common pool industry hazards  • why publishing methods and raw data helps the industry move past rumors  If you'd like to see a copy of the study, there's going to be a link in this podcast description for you.  You can download that study and read it for yourself.  If you're looking for part one, again go to my website, swimmingprolearning.com, click on the podcast icon, and open a drop-down menu of other podcasts that I've done before.  If you're interested in the coaching program, you can learn more at PoolGuyCoaching.com.  Download the full Sodium Bromide Study:https://drive.google.com/file/d/1X6-1uJJ7MZugeRDpch0tpop2vg0hjPR0/view?usp=sharingSend us Fan MailSupport the Pool Guy Podcast Show Sponsors! HASA https://bit.ly/HASAThe Bottom Feeder. Save $100 with Code: DVB100https://store.thebottomfeeder.com/Try Skimmer FREE for 30 days:https://getskimmer.com/poolguy Get UPA Liability Insurance $64 a month! https://forms.gle/F9YoTWNQ8WnvT4QBAPool Guy Coaching: https://bit.ly/40wFE6y

Dr. Deb Muth 00:00:09 Hi there, how are you? Bob Miller 00:00:10 Excellent! Pedaling as fast as humanly possible, but doing okay. Dr. Deb Muth 00:00:14 Good, good. Well, I’m looking forward to our conversation today. This should be amazing. Bob Miller 00:00:20 Yeah, it should be a lot of fun. Dr. Deb Muth 00:00:22 Yeah, anything that’s off-limits for you in, our conversation? Bob Miller 00:00:28 No. Dr. Deb Muth 00:00:29 Okay, anything you want me to make sure we cover for you? Bob Miller 00:00:33 Well, I mean, is it okay if we put a little plug-in for our software? Dr. Deb Muth 00:00:35 Absolutely. Bob Miller 00:00:36 Yeah. Dr. Deb Muth 00:00:37 Absolutely. Bob Miller 00:00:36 Yeah. Dr. Deb Muth 00:00:37 Absolutely. Bob Miller 00:00:38 Hey, can we… can we do a screen share? Yes, we can. Yeah, because I want to show you some maps, and… Dr. Deb Muth 00:00:43 Okay. Things like that, yeah, so… Perfect. So just let me know when you want to do screen share. Bob Miller 00:00:48 Okay. Dr. Deb Muth 00:00:49 And yeah, feel free to plug your software wherever you want to. Bob Miller 00:00:53 Okay, well, good. Let me pull up a, a slide for that, and give me one second, I just want to shut the door to my office to get the noise down. Dr. Deb Muth 00:01:01 No worries. Bob Miller 00:01:16 And, how should I refer to you? Dr. Debb? Dr. Muth, what do you like? Dr. Deb Muth 00:01:18 Dr. Deb is great, or Deb, either way, I’m pretty informal, so… Bob Miller 00:01:22 Yeah, and… Bob is fine for me. Okay. Yeah. Yeah, there you go. Why people feel like they need this, son. Special name, it’s like, seriously. Dr. Deb Muth 00:01:33 Right? I agree. Bob Miller 00:01:35 When I work with my clients, it’s like, Dr. Millison, just, just bop, just, just bop. Dr. Deb Muth 00:01:41 Yep, that’s how I am, too. Just call me Deb, it’s good. Dr. Deb Muth 00:01:44 They feel a little awkward with that, you know? They’re not used to that, but… Bob Miller 00:01:48 Alright. And you’re a naturopath, medical doctor. Dr. Deb Muth 00:01:52 A nastropathic doctor and a nurse practitioner. Oh, nice. Yeah, so I got the best of both worlds, right? Bob Miller 00:01:58 Yeah, damn. Okay. Alright, so here we go… There we go. Alright, so I got that ready, and then I will do a, I will do a screen share. I think you’re gonna really, appreciate what we’ve come up with. We’ve come up with the concept of, Cellular CPR. Dr. Deb Muth 00:02:23 Oh, nice! Bob Miller 00:02:24 And that is, construct the cell membrane, Protect the cell membrane. And restore it if it’s damaged. Dr. Deb Muth 00:02:32 Love that. Bob Miller 00:02:34 I love that. Yeah, so that’s what we’re focusing on, and then how, You know, we want to get to the point that, you know, most people think of genetics, they think of, like, 23andMe or Ancestry. Dr. Deb Muth 00:02:44 Yeah. Bob Miller 00:02:45 And then you have the professional geneticists who are looking at, you know, odd things that could create a disease. We’re looking at functional genomics. Dr. Deb Muth 00:02:54 Which is so much better. Bob Miller 00:02:56 Yeah. Are you familiar with what we do here, or… Dr. Deb Muth 00:02:58 A little bit, a little bit. So, it’ll be new to me, too, so I’m excited. Bob Miller 00:03:03 And how much time do we have? Dr. Deb Muth 00:03:04 We have an hour, give or take a little bit on either side. Do you have a hard stop anywhere? Bob Miller 00:03:10 No, no, I put a, I moved my clients around, and I don’t have anybody till, 3.30, so we’re good. Okay. Dr. Deb Muth 00:03:16 Perfect. Alright. Bob Miller 00:03:18 It’s like we’re getting started early as well, so… Dr. Deb Muth 00:03:19 Yeah, we’re getting started a little bit early, so that’s good. Bob Miller 00:03:22 Yeah, I just got my office cleaned up, so… Dr. Deb Muth 00:03:23 Okay, good. All right, are you all set to get started? Bob Miller 00:03:28 I’m good to go, my friend. Dr. Deb Muth 00:03:29 I’m gonna just record a little intro and a little bit of a, hook for people, and then we’ll get started. I’ll ask you to kind of tell us a little bit about yourself, and then we’ll just take this conversation wherever it’s supposed to go. Bob Miller 00:03:39 Okay, you got it. Dr. Deb Muth 00:03:40 Alright, sounds good. So what if the reason you’re not healing isn’t your diet, your supplements, or your labs, but it’s actually your genes? Dr. Bob Miller is uncovering how genetic variants, when combined with modern toxins, explain why some of us stay sick no matter what we try. Today, we’re talking genetic pathways, detox blocks, and the new science every wellness warrior needs to know. Welcome back to Let’s Talk Wellness Now, the show where we uncover the root causes of chronic illness, exploring cutting-edge regenerative medicine, and empower you to heal from the inside out. I’m Dr. Deb, your medical detective, and today, our guest, Dr. Bob Miller, is a true pioneer in functional genomics. He’s a board-certified traditional naturopath and the founder of Neutrogenetic Research Institute. And he’s the leading groundbreaking research on how genetic variants influence chronic illness, inflammation, and detoxification. His work has been recognized on international stages, uncovering links between genetic expression and conditions like Lyme disease, mast cell activation, or MCAS, and mitochondrial dysfunction. I’m so excited to talk to Dr. Bob today. He is gonna reveal some things that even I don’t know about, so I’m excited to learn alongside of you guys. So… Dr. Bob, let’s get started. Tell us a little bit about yourself, and kind of how you got on this journey. Bob Miller 00:05:04 Well, that’s, that’s interesting. I was sort of like a mid-career coming to the natural health field, because in my early 30s, I found myself with a severe case of ulcerative colitis. Bob Miller 00:05:15 And I was in the hospital for 21 days. probably within hours of death, pleading to death. And they told me I’ve got one option, and that is cut out the colon and wear a bag. Didn’t sound like a lot of fun. Dr. Deb Muth 00:05:27 Not an option I would want. Bob Miller 00:05:29 So, you know, the medical folks wasn’t real happy with me, but I said, yeah, I’d like to explore some alternative things.Never thinking that I’d get into this field, and then I just, you know, worked with some herbalists and things that I found absolutely fascinating. So, that’s how I got into this around 30 years ago. And, haven’t looked back since, and just having a… having a blast as we now move into how our genetics impacts things. So, that’s what we’re gonna… that’s what we’re gonna talk about today. Dr. Deb Muth 00:05:58 I’m excited to talk about this genetic thing. When you started over 30 years ago, what kind of patience and problems first inspired you to dig deeper into that root cause healing and kind of get into the genetic piece of it? Bob Miller 00:06:10 Sure. Well, you know, as a… now, I’m in a part of the country called Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, where there’s a lot of Amish and Mennonite, and they gravitate towards these things.So, this is their first thing to do, and that doesn’t work, then they’ll go other routes. So, you know, back then, we just saw typical, you know, a little tired, constipation. You know, a little bit of fatigue, arthritis, those kind of things. But things have changed dramatically over the years, as people are now getting more chronically sick. You know, it’s worse than it’s ever been. And what we’re finding is the, the culprits Primarily is mold exposure and Lyme disease. When people get those two together, they’re just… it’s an inflammatory cascade that nobody can seem to unravel. So that’s where we spend a lot of our time. And we’re also spending a lot of time looking at mental health, like ADD, ADHD. And, we give… this year I’ll be speaking at three autism conferences. And we can dig into that a little bit as to why we think we’re seeing such a dramatic increase. And aside from autism, that used to be 1 out of 1,000, now it’s 1 out of 33, or 23. You know, we’re also seeing dramatic increases in ADD, ADHD. People are stressed out. And today, I think we’ll have the time to actually go through and show how environmental factors combine with genetics to cause that to happen. So we’ll… we should have a fun visit here today. And today, I think we’ll have the time to actually go through and show how environmental factors combine with genetics to cause that to happen. So we’ll… we should have a fun visit here today. Dr. Deb Muth 00:07:37 This should be a fun visit. We can cover lots of topics. I am so excited. So, you founded Nutri Genetic Research Institute in 2015. What did you hope to accomplish, and what kind of surprised you in your findings so far about that? Bob Miller 00:07:51 Well, you know, let’s back up at what, you know, genetics is used for. Everybody’s familiar with 23andMe and Ancestry that, you know, tells you where your ancestors came from. Then you have your professional geneticists. I mean, these are people with a degree in genetics. And they’ll look for, you know, very odd sort of things that are prone to relate to a disease. So there are disease-related genetics. Well, in functional, we don’t look at either of those. We look at For example, how you’re breaking down your fats and utilizing them. How you’re recycling your glutathione. How you might be handling your iron. And none of those are disease-causing on their own.And none of those are disease-causing on their own. But when they pile up on you, and then combine that with environmental factors, that’s when things start to go south on us. So, that’s what we’re doing, we’re looking at patterns. And our first foray into this was, we did studies on Lyme disease. And our first foray into this was, we did studies on Lyme disease. So, we looked at, like, I think 50 people with Lyme disease. We looked at their genome. So, we looked at, like, I think 50 people with Lyme disease. We looked at their genome. And we found patterns that were more evident in those with Lyme. Now, this doesn’t… these genetics don’t mean you get Lyme, it just means if you get Lyme, you react worse to it. And we found patterns that were more evident in those with Lyme. Now, this doesn’t… these genetics don’t mean you get Lyme, it just means if you get Lyme, you react worse to it. So, as you know, some people get Lyme, they go on a round of antibiotics, and they’re done. So, as you know, some people get Lyme, they go on a round of antibiotics, and they’re done. Others have a little more struggle, and then others are struggling terribly for years. So there’s an old adage of genetics loads the gun, environment pulls the trigger. Dr. Deb Muth 00:09:14 Yeah, that is so true, and I think when we’re talking about Lyme and mold and things like that, we forget sometimes that our genetics can predispose us to be more sensitive to those things, and if we have genetic pathways where we don’t clear things properly, it’s harder for us to get them out of the body. And then you add on that whole rain barrel effect that we’ve always used as a functional medicine term, right? If the barrel’s half full, you’re okay. If it’s full, and now it’s spilling over, it’s a bigger problem. Have you guys found, too, that some of these environmental things actually are changing the genetics of people, or how they’re processing their own genetics? Bob Miller 00:09:53 Well, let’s go back to, Genetics 101. But we’ll go back a little bit further. So, what an interesting mechanism, what a miracle the body is. Bob Miller 00:10:03 Fats, carbohydrates, proteins, drink water, breathe air, expose the sunlight, and somehow everything gets made. I mean, when you just step back and think about that, it’s like, It’s pretty darn amazing. Dr. Deb Muth 00:10:15 I always tell women, you know, the fact that we get pregnant and we have healthy pregnancies and births is a miracle, because if we had to try to control that, that wouldn’t work so well. Bob Miller 00:10:25 Right. Well, that’s another miracle. These microscopic sperm and egg, human being, 9 months later, it’s like. But even inside of us. We are making our hair, our skin, our nails, our blood vessels, our ATP, our energy, it’s all being created. Well, that gets created by enzymes. So, enzymes take one substance, combine it with something else, and make something new. Then another enzyme comes along and does the same thing. Your DNA is the instructions on how to make the enzymes. So, when we are conceived. If it’s a, if it’s a female, of course, it’s the XX, the two chromosomes. You know, we’ve… everybody’s seen those… the genetics that… Listed pair. So, if it’s a female, the father donated the X enzyme. And the mother has no choice but to give the eggs, so that’s female. If the father donates the Y, you have a male that’s in chromosome number 1. Then 2 through 23 is the rest of the instructions on how to make enzymes. So, what can happen? We can get what are called SNPs, single nucleotide polymorphisms. And SNPs just mean that the instructions to make the enzyme’s not quite as good. So, if one parent gives a SNP on the making of an enzyme, The enzyme’s fine. It works. But, general rule of thumb, It may only work at 70-80% of efficiency. Now, a good analogy is think of an 8-cylinder and a 6-cylinder car. If parents give you good information, that’s like having an 8-cylinder car. If one parent gives you that snip, it’s like having a 6-cylinder car. Now, is a 6-cylinder car a fine car? Sure. It’ll get you from point A to point B, but it’s just going to have the power of an 8-cylinder. Then if both parents give you a SNP on the same enzyme, it may be 30-40%, and that’s like having a 4-cylinder car. Sits in the driveway, looks the same, puts gas in it, everything. But if you’ve got a 4-cylinder car. Probably not a good idea to go cross-country pulling a trailer behind you up and down mountains. Dr. Deb Muth 00:12:29 This is true. Bob Miller 00:12:32 So… We can get an 8-cylinder, 6-cylinder, or 4-cylinder enzyme. Now, if it’s not under a lot of stress, if that 4-cylinder car is just taking you to the bank and the grocery store. It’s just as good as an 8-cylinder car. But if you gotta pull that trailer, and there’s a lot of stress on it, being mountains, it’s gonna struggle. Now, there’s one other little caveat to this, and that is some genetic mutations are gain-of-function. They actually work faster. Now, we have enzymes that do all kinds of things. We have enzymes that make and recycle our antioxidants, but we also have enzymes that make inflammation. No, that’s a good thing, because if we get a virus or bacteria, if you didn’t make inflammation to kill it, well, we’d all die of infection. So, you know, we tend to think of free radicals as bad, antioxidants as good. They both play an important role. But interestingly, some of the major enzymes that make inflammation, they can be overactive. They can be turbocharged. And when they’re stimulated by environmental toxins, they overreact. Bob Miller 00:13:40 And therein lies the problem. When they overreact, we have a problem. Bob Miller 00:13:46 So, if we have genes that overreact when stimulated. And then the enzymes that take care of inflammation are underactive. Then you’re gonna be more inflamed. You know, the majority of people that, you know, come for functional medicine Or naturopathic help, or… Inflammation that they can’t seem to get under control. Dr. Deb Muth 00:14:06 Right. Bob Miller 00:14:07 And we will be, you know, during this hour, we’re going to look at some of the pathways that make that happen. So, what we can do then, we can’t change our genetics. When you’re conceived, that’s the hand you’re dealt. When your life would be over, if someone would take some tissue and measure, it’d be exactly the same as conception. Does it change. Bob Miller 00:14:28 The enzyme’s ability to do its job may be compromised. Because remember I said there’s a, the enzyme takes a cofactor. So an enzyme takes substance A, cofactor, make substance B. Well, if that cofactor’s not there, the enzyme’s not going to work either. So, you could have an 8-cylinder car, and if there’s no gas in it, it’s not going anywhere. So… It’s the strength of the enzyme, it’s the cofactor to do the A to B conversion. And that’s what we’re going to get into. So, many people say, well, where did these SNPs come from? Nobody knows for sure. Sometimes they’re what’s just called de novo, when the sperm and egg go together, the instructions get mixed up a little bit. We do believe a lot of it came from a long time ago, when we were almost wiped out by sexually transmitted diseases. And those STDs were altering the genes when the conception, in other words, when the sperm went into the egg, the STDs were interfering. And causing the problem, so… I often joke, if you want to blame somebody. Blame your great-great-great-great-great-great-great-grandparents for, being a bit promiscuous, so… Dr. Deb Muth 00:15:31 Yeah, for being… having a little too much fun, right? Bob Miller 00:15:35 So, we don’t know for sure, but, you know, there are some that, But most of the SNPs that we get inherit from our parents. So, if you look at a child. And you look at the SNPs. 99.9% of the time, it came from one of the parents. Dr. Deb Muth 00:15:50 In identical twins, do they have the exact same identical makeup? Bob Miller 00:15:54 Yep, Dr. Deb Muth 00:15:56 But not in fraternal twins, correct? Bob Miller 00:15:59 No, no, those could be different, Jeff. Dr. Deb Muth 00:16:00 It could be different because they have different sacs, they’re not sharing that same genetic makeup. Bob Miller 00:16:04 Yeah, so keep in mind, both your mother and your father have, you know, the two And so you get one from one parent, one from another. Dr. Deb Muth 00:16:13 So… Bob Miller 00:16:14 Interesting situation. I had, 3, 3 boys. And, we were looking at an enzyme related to breaking down oxalates. Now, the mother and father each had one SNP, and that’s called heterozygous. Three boys, and they all come together, they’re Amish boys, they’re a lot of fun. And I looked at their genomes, and the one boy didn’t have any SNPs at all. And one had won. And the other one had two. Dr. Deb Muth 00:16:41 Interesting. Bob Miller 00:16:42 So, we don’t quite know how these things get handed off, but with the parents each having one, you could have a child with none, one, or two. So, the one, his ability to break down oxalates, which is fine. The other one was slightly impaired, and the other one was dramatically impaired. So, you can have 3 children, and it all depends what the parents have. Now, if a parent has a homozygous, or 2 copies. And the other parent has nothing. Every child will have one. Okay. If both parents are homozygous, that they both have two, Every child will have two. Dr. Deb Muth 00:17:19 too. Bob Miller 00:17:20 Yes, so that’s the way it works, but, you know, but it’s somewhat rare that both parents are homozygous on an enzyme, but it can happen. Dr. Deb Muth 00:17:27 Do we think that infections today, like Lyme disease or mold exposure, things like that, if the parent, the woman, primarily, I’m thinking, is pregnant, and she actively has these infections. Can those infections affect the genetics, kind of like a past sexual transmission did where we thought back in the day? Bob Miller 00:17:47 Yeah, I… I mean, I’m not that much of a geneticist to answer that for sure, but my thought would be no, that at conception, the pattern’s made. Dr. Deb Muth 00:17:55 Okay. And then that’s… that’s the hand you’re dealt. Bob Miller 00:17:58 Yeah. So, I tell people we have good news and bad news. The good news is we can compensate for the weakness. The bad news is we can compensate for the weakness. Dr. Deb Muth 00:18:09 That is so very true. Bob Miller 00:18:11 Yeah, we can’t, because I often get asked, so we’ll do some things now, and we’ll check my genes again, and they’ll be better. It’s like, nope. Dr. Deb Muth 00:18:18 Oh, – – Bob Miller 00:18:19 You gotta play the hands you’re dealt, so… Dr. Deb Muth 00:18:21 That’s right. Bob Miller 00:18:22 You can test your genetics… if you’re looking at the same enzyme, you can test it every year. It’s not gonna change. It’s like the blueprint. Dr. Deb Muth 00:18:30 It’s good and bad, right? It’s the one test you only have to do once in your lifetime. Bob Miller 00:18:34 No, unless, you know, like, our. Dr. Deb Muth 00:18:36 All the time. Bob Miller 00:18:37 Yeah, now our test looks at, called the Functional Genomic Analysis Test of your genomic Resource. We look at 220,000 steps. Dr. Deb Muth 00:18:46 Wow, that’s a lot. Bob Miller 00:18:47 That’s not all of them. Dr. Deb Muth 00:18:49 Right. Bob Miller 00:18:50 So, maybe in the next year, we’re gonna come out with our third version of the chip. And then, if someone wants to get those new things that weren’t on it, they’d have to repeat. But whatever we measured is gonna stay the same. Dr. Deb Muth 00:19:03 That’s a lot of SNPs to look at. Bob Miller 00:19:05 Keeps us busy. Dr. Deb Muth 00:19:06 But there’s still, but there’s still SNPs that we. Bob Miller 00:19:09 That we’d like to have that we don’t have, so… Bob Miller 00:19:11 We started out with version 1 on our genetic test, then we worked with version 2, and we’re already compiling a list of what version 3 would look like. So if somebody has our version 2, And we’re saying, you know what, it’d be nice if we could see these, well, then you’d repeat, but it won’t change what you already know, so… Dr. Deb Muth 00:19:29 Got it, got it. So, when you started out, and you started looking at the research of Lyme disease and chronic infections, which detox pathways are most important for people who struggle with those conditions? Bob Miller 00:19:43 Okay. You know what might make sense as we do a screen share, and I’ll actually show you the pathway. Does that make sense? Bob Miller 00:19:48 Alright, so… let’s see if I… let me just press the share… Dr. Deb Muth 00:19:52 Yep, you should just be able to press share. Bob Miller 00:19:54 And… number 2. Okay. Are we seeing the screen there? Bob Miller 00:20:01 Okay. Dr. Deb Muth 00:20:02 So, this is a map that we made. Bob Miller 00:20:05 And by the way, this is not… All-inclusive of all the things we look at, but we believe this is a core issue. So, where we’re going to start here, there’s something called the microglia. And the microglia are glial cells. They’re in the brain and the central nervous system. And they’re very interesting little creatures, because most of the time, and this is just a drawing of what they sort of look like. Most of the time, they’re in what’s called the M2 anti-inflammatory mood. What that means, these little guys pick up dirt, debris, Recycle them. Turns on an enzyme called interleukin-10 that’s anti-inflammatory. And just kind of does general housekeeping. And just kind of does general housekeeping. However, when a trigger comes along. However, when a trigger comes along. They… it’s the same glial cell, but it moves over to a very pro-inflammatory enzyme. A pro-inflammatory glial cell. And it triggers these 3 enzymes, Actually, these four. That are pro-inflammatory. Tumor necrosis vector alpha, Interleukin-6. NF Kappa B, Inos. Now, these create inflammation. So you might think, well, why is that good? Well, if you have some foreign invader, virus, bacteria coming in, parasite. If you didn’t have these guys coming to the rescue, you would just die of infection. So, these guys are your friend unless they’re your worst enemy. Because TNFA, and we’ll show you when we actually do a demo account, TNFA can be overactive. So, in other words, it over-responds. Interleukin-6 can be overactive. And if Kappa-B can be overactive. The INOS, and I’ll explain each of these as we go through a demo, can be overactive. Now, what that means is, you’re very good at killing virus and bacteria. But this is where autoimmune disease comes in, and just inflammatory conditions. Now, this is just speculation, but we think what happened is, as you know. Thousands of years ago, we didn’t have refrigeration, we didn’t have sewer, we didn’t have pure water, and we didn’t have antibiotics. So, if you made it to 40, you were an old-timer, because everybody was dying of infection. So, what we believe happened is, by what’s called natural selection, Having these overactive. A thousand years ago was to your advantage. Dr. Deb Muth 00:22:31 Hmm. Bob Miller 00:22:32 But now… We have pure water, we have refrigeration, we have sewers, we have antibiotics. But now we have environmental factors that are stimulating them. Now it’s to our disadvantage. And we’ll talk about that a little bit as it relates to the hemochromatosis genes and maybe the G6PD. Dr. Deb Muth 00:22:48 Yep. Bob Miller 00:22:49 Now, why are we becoming so inflamed? Let’s look at the triggers. Now, one of my, favorite expressions is. I was born all the way back in 1954. Dr. Deb Muth 00:23:01 And it was a different world back then. Bob Miller 00:23:05 These are some of the triggers. And we’ll get into these, but right now, high fructose corn syrup, And the high-fat diet. High fructose corn syrup only came about in 1968. So now we’re being exposed to high fructose corn syrup. Then… we didn’t have these, these viruses like COVID. Dr. Deb Muth 00:23:26 Yeah. Bob Miller 00:23:27 Now, there’s now pretty strong evidence that COVID Was actually, you know, made as a gain of function. It’s debated, and I’m not taking an opinion on it, but there’s some people who believe Lyme disease was also a part of experimentation. Dr. Deb Muth 00:23:40 Go. Bob Miller 00:23:41 Then we have molds, and it appears as though mold is getting stronger. you know, 20 years ago, when I was seeing folks, mold wasn’t on the radar. I would say 7 out of the 10 folks we speak to today have mold problems. Yeah, 20 years ago, we talked more about mold allergy being an issue versus mold toxicity being an issue. Right. So… I know some folks are, you know, speculating what’s happening, but one of the theories out there is that EMF is strengthening mold. I don’t know if you ever heard that theory, and I don’t… Dr. Deb Muth 00:24:13 I have. Bob Miller 00:24:14 I’m not claiming it’s true, but it’s an interesting theory. Then even, you know, your black mold from water-damaged buildings. Then our air pollution is getting worse. We’re getting more toxic metals. Dr. Deb Muth 00:24:26 You know, if we have a… Bob Miller 00:24:27 You know, we’re gonna look back someday and say, what were we thinking, smearing aluminum into our armpits? The, what were we doing putting mercury in our teeth? Then, you know, glyphosate. When I was a kid, there was no glyphosate. So, all of these herbicides and pesticides. Polychlorinated biphenols, And then EMF. So, we love our cell phones, you know, and I think unless you, or in the middle of the desert, or down in a cave, you’re being exposed to EMF somewhere. So, you know, we have our cell phones with us, we have, We have Wi-Fi, the towers are everywhere. And we don’t know long-term, but we may find that this can… this creates some inflammation. And I don’t know if you get any folks, but do you have any folks that have… are they EMF sensitive? Dr. Deb Muth 00:25:16 Oh yeah, we have a whole bunch of them. Bob Miller 00:25:18 Yeah, and then if you have any TBIs, So, plenty of things here. that will stimulate into the microglia, M1. Now, you could say, well. We’re all pretty much exposed to the same thing. Why do some people get hit harder than others? So here’s where we’re gonna start. There’s an enzyme called Nrf2 and RF2. And Nrf2 is the enzyme that senses when there’s inflammation. And turns on hundreds of anti-inflammatory enzymes. We’ll show when we do the demo, you can have genetic weakness on NERF2. And NERF2 inhibits and slows down microglia M1. supports M2. Now, if it’s not complicated enough, there’s an enzyme called KEEP1. And KEEP1 inhibits NRF2. And you can actually have gain of function on keep 1, that makes Keap 1 stronger. So… A lot of the people who land on my doorstep So… A lot of the people who land on my doorstep Both parents gave a mutation on KEEP1, making it overactive. Both parents gave a mutation on KEEP1, making it overactive. Dr. Deb Muth 00:26:31 Hmm. Dr. Deb Muth 00:26:31 Hmm. Bob Miller 00:26:32 Suppressing Nrf2, nerve 2 might be weak. So, nobody’s putting the brakes on, M1. And by the same token, Nerve 2 supports M2. Then there’s a process called mTOR and autophagy. mTOR stands for mammalian tard of rapamycin, the growth of new cells. And then autophagy, taking our dead cells and recycling them. We need a balance between the two of them. If we didn’t have mTOR, the sperm and the egg would never become the baby, the baby would never become the adult, we wouldn’t make new cells. But our cells are constantly, you know, the old cells dying off. Autophagy is where we take that debris from the cell and recycle it, just like a farmer Plows the crop under at the end of the year. The dead plant then becomes the fuel for the spring, your dead cell becomes the fuel for the spring, and that’s autophagy. So we’re gonna look back someday and say, what were we thinking? We give our animals growth hormones so they get fatter faster. Oh my. So, we consume those animals, and inventory runs faster. Now, for anybody who’s, You know, maybe above 40, 45 years old. Think back when you were 12, and what did girls look like? They were primarily flat-chested little girls. Now they look like 16-year-olds. Because environmentally, we’re jacking up mTOR. So, mTOR stimulates microglia M1, suppresses microglia M2. Probably 80% of the folks we visit with. This is the part of the problem. NRF2 is weak. mTOR is strong. Environmental factors come along. And this guy gets carried away. He doesn’t do that burst and move back. Stays here. We’re calling that How environmental factors create a locked-in, pro-inflammatory. and neurotoxic phenotype. In other words, once it starts, it just keeps… Feeding upon itself. Alright, so what happens now when microglia is overactive. it triggers these 3 enzymes, TNFA, N of kappa B, And interleukin-6. Each one of these can have genetics that make them run stronger. Then it stimulates an enzyme called NLRP3, Which makes what are called inflammasomes. Now, guess what inflammasomes can be? Your best friend or your worst enemy? Because they will, if you’ve got, again, a virus or bacteria, or possibly even some bad cells in the body. They will zap them. Well, that’s good. Unless it’s overactive. Unless it’s overactive. And then what it does, through interleukin-1 beta, makes excess glutamate. And then what it does, through interleukin-1 beta, makes excess glutamate. Anxiety, gut inflammation, OCD, ADD, autism. And, you know, glutamate, we’ll talk about that a little bit, but glutamate makes you intelligent, highly motivated go-getter. but can also be excitatory. And then, look what it does. Let’s see, do I have the drawing tool here? Yes, I do. Okay. So, it comes down through here, Makes the glutamate. Comes back up through here. through the ADORA 2A enzyme, Then we’ve got a feedback loop that feeds upon itself. Then, through interleukin-18, we make histamine. and mast cells. And then through histamine receptor site number 1, we come back and spin it. And now you’ve just got this spinning feedback loop. So, the glutamate will make you anxious, the histamine will give you allergies and make you anxious. And you’re allergic to everything, and you’re feeling horrible. Now, it doesn’t end there, Dr. Dad. It then goes on to make something called gast dermins that creates pyroptosis, where it actually starts punching a hole in the cell membrane. And you’re only going to be as healthy as your cells are. Just a little background. You know, we’re made up of trillions of cells, and each one of them has what’s called a lipid bilayer, made from lipids, which comes from fats. And you’re only going to be as healthy as those membranes are. So that’s why we coined an interesting phrase. Cellular CPR. Construct the cell. Protect the cell. And restore the cell membrane. And we believe that’s going to be revolutionary in the functional medicine world. So… It’s not hard to figure out that if you start punching holes in the cell membrane, that’s not a good thing, okay? Bob Miller 00:31:22 Now… There’s an interesting molecule called NAD. Thicotide adenoside dinucleotide. And anybody who’s in the, you know, listening to the health podcasts and things, they’re… They’re, they’re learning about NAD. And I’m going to show you a chart later, all the good things that NAD does, but For the most part, it helps what’s called sirtuins. And sirtuins are quite interesting. If anybody’s looking at longevity. The sirtuins is where they’re looking at.Because sirtuins turn on good things. Turn off bad things. And I’ll show some charts on that later. So for right here, this sirtuin uses NAD, to slow down NF-kappa-B. CERT 2 uses NAD to slow down an ORP3. So, if we’ve got genetic weakness on these, or we don’t have enough NAD, We don’t hold this pathway back. Make sense? Dr. Deb Muth 00:32:24 Yeah, makes perfect sense. Bob Miller 00:32:25 Now, I’ll show this a little bit later. So, people are like, oh, well, I’m gonna start taking some NAD. Dr. Deb Muth 00:32:31 Right. Bob Miller 00:32:32 And there’s functional doctors who give NAD intravenous. It was just this morning, I was talking to a woman who said, Oh my gosh. I went and got intravenous NAD, and it took me a month to recover from that. Dr. Deb Muth 00:32:45 Hmm. Bob Miller 00:32:46 what happens is, and I’ll show this in a little more detail, there’s an enzyme called CD38, that’s stimulated by NF-kappa-B. And it takes NAD, To make intracellular calcium. that stimulates NLRP3 and actually makes things worse. So, if we have this guy upregulated, and I’ll show a chart what does that. taking NAD will make you worse. Again, when I go into the software, I’ll show you that whole pathway, so… I would encourage people, you know, just don’t go out and start taking massive amounts of NAD, you know, stick your toe in the water, see how you do. Because everything you’ve heard about, how good it is, is true, unless this guy says, oh, thank you very much, let me make more inflammation. Now, this might be part of our innate immune system, that if we have some pathogen that’s gonna kill us. By golly, we want that to happen. But if this is happening by environmental factors, Then it’s detrimental. So the immune system that protected us a thousand years ago now might be turning on us because of the environmental factors that we showed earlier. All right. Then there’s an enzyme called PARP that’s NAD-dependent, and that actually repairs strain breaks in your DNA. Now, the next thing that happens… is there’s an enzyme called NADPH oxidase that gets stimulated. and something called INOS. Now, I’m sure most people know about nitric oxide. It’s a gas that dilates your blood vessels. That’s why sometimes they’ll even give people drugs, nitroglycerin, to boost their nitric oxide. That’s why people are doing beetroots and other things to boost their nitric oxide. But there’s an OS3 enzyme that makes the nitric oxide that’s good for blood flow. But there’s an INOS That makes nitric oxide to kill pathogens. probably might be the third or fourth time I’ve said this. That’s a good thing, unless it isn’t. So, if it’s killing some pathogen, great. It was just misfiring. it combines… With superoxide that’s made by this enzyme, and makes something called peroxynitrite, which is one nasty free radical that chews you up and spits you out. So, the NOx enzyme, NADPH oxidase, uses NADPH, To make this free radical called superoxide. If we have time, we’ll get into it. NADPH is what your body needs to recycle your antioxidants.So, I coined the phrase, the NADPH steel. Where the NOX enzyme takes this very important NADPH, And rather than being useful, makes superoxide. Now, again, is that fine if you’ve got some bacteria to kill? Of course. But if it’s just chronically running, it’s just making all this chronic inflammation. Then it makes something called hydrogen peroxide. And we need to clear hydrogen peroxide by 3 enzymes, catalase, thyroid reduction. And glutathione peroxidase. If we have genetic issues on here, or we don’t have the cofactors. There’s something called the Fenton reaction, discovered in 1895 by Dr. Fenton. Where hydrogen peroxide combines with iron to make what are called hydroxyl radicals. And guess what they do? They create lipid peroxides, That damages your cell membranes. Now, again, the body’s pretty darn amazing. We have glutathione, And here’s where your body’s taking glutathione and recycling it. But look who’s needed to recycle it. NADPH. So, if this guy up here is chewing it up, We don’t recycle our glutathione. And then an enzyme called glufon peroxidase 4, Takes this damaged lipid and repairs it. So, here we’ve got this protecting, we want to protect it by not having this happen. But then we also need this guy to do the restoration. So, there’s a lot that can go wrong in here, Dr. Deb. Dr. Deb Muth 00:37:07 There’s a lot that could go wrong. And I can imagine some of my listeners are thinking that lipid peroxidase, is that the same thing as what they’re thinking of when we talk about lipids and cholesterol? Is that the same process that’s happening there? Bob Miller 00:37:22 Well, no, no, the lipids can be used to make cholesterol, but here we’re talking about where they’re going to build the cell membrane. And they’re being… and they’re being, destroyed. If anybody would like to see a visual representation of this, just go on YouTube. And type in, ferrooptosis Animation. cool little video, it’s about 3 minutes long, and it shows the lipids coming over, being oxidized, and now GPX4 fixes them, so… YouTube, Pharaoptosis Animation, cute little video. It’s just that really… Shows vividly what we’re… what we’re talking about here. Now, this is… Dr. Deb Muth 00:37:59 And so this is very common, too. Like, a lot of people do hydrogen peroxide IVs. Dr. Deb Muth 00:38:04 And so, if somebody doesn’t know their genetics, they could have a problem with doing those, just like they could doing the NADHIVs, correct? Bob Miller 00:38:13 Sure, yeah, yeah, yeah. So, I’ve talked to so many, you know, of course, the hydrogen peroxide kills pathogens. I mean, that’s what it does. So… but I’ve spoken to so many people that said. I had one client that said they’ve never been the same after having one hydrogen peroxide infusion. Dr. Deb Muth 00:38:30 Interesting. Bob Miller 00:38:31 Yeah. So… it can be… I see why people use it, because it. Bob Miller 00:38:36 pathogens, But on the other hand. And now’s a good time to speak about… I don’t have it on here, but there’s a, there’s an enzyme called the HFE gene. And that is what causes you to absorb iron. And there’s mutations in it that cause something called hemochromatosis. Were you overabsorb iron? Now, true hemochromatosis is when both parents give you a mutation. But there’s now growing evidence even a heterozygous can cause a little bit more iron absorption, not to the human chromatosis point, but overabsorption. So, if you overabsorb iron, And you have too much hydrogen peroxide that’s not cleared, All kinds of inflammation. Now, what’s happened is sometimes this inflammation Will damage the red blood cells. And some well-meaning doctor says, oh, you need some iron. And they take iron and it makes it worse. So, can’t tell you how many people I’ve said, you’ve got the overabsorption of iron, and they say, well, that can’t be right, because I’m low in iron. Well, that could be because it’s being chewed up here. Dr. Deb Muth 00:39:40 Sure. GPX1 and TXN turn it into, to water. The, catalase turns it into water and oxygen. Dr. Deb Muth 00:39:58 Now, I see a lot of my clients who have mutations or SNPs on that GPX gene, on that glutathione gene. And they really struggle to clear a lot of their toxins. Bob Miller 00:40:12 Sure. Dr. Deb Muth 00:40:14 Yeah, absolutely. Well, GPX4. Bob Miller 00:40:18 is what, repairs, but you can see GPX1 Is what uses glutathione. To turn hydrogen peroxide. So, but it all depends upon having enough glutathione. Dr. Deb Muth 00:40:30 Yeah. Bob Miller 00:40:31 Well, guess who controls making a glutathione? Dr. Deb Muth 00:40:34 Nerf 2. Bob Miller 00:40:37 So, if you have a keep one weakness, or strength to two… I’m sorry, keep one is too strong. Nrf2 is too weak. You don’t make glutathione. So, when a lot of people do that, it’s like, well, I’m gonna take glutathione. Dr. Deb Muth 00:40:51 Right. Bob Miller 00:40:52 And some do great, and some do poorly. You know, because… and I’ll show this on one of the other charts. You can see here that the, The glutathione has to be recycled. And if we don’t recycle it, it actually turns into superoxide free radical. So… NADPH are the cofactors, For taking the oxidi… here’s oxidized glutathione, here’s reduced. So, this is a good glutathione. After it does its job, you can see it becomes oxidized.We need to recycle it. Well, if we have weakness on the enzyme that does that, or a weakness in Nrf2, or not enough NADPH. The oxidized glutathione never gets recycled. So, I’ve talked to a lot of people who said, oh, glutathione made me so sick, and say, well. Dr. Deb Muth 00:41:43 Yeah. Bob Miller 00:41:44 You need it, but you need to recycle it. Dr. Deb Muth 00:41:46 Can you speak for just a brief moment, too, about MTHFR? That is a very popular gene, it’s all over social media as the major gene, but can you speak to a little bit about that, and how that fits into this whole process of things? Because it is just such a small piece. Dr. Deb Muth 00:42:04 understanding genetics. Bob Miller 00:42:06 Yeah, to be honest, it drives me nuts. Dr. Deb Muth 00:42:08 Me too. Bob Miller 00:42:11 Alright, so… You know, there are people on social media I won’t say what I think, I’ll be kind. But… But the, And, you know, they might mean well. But they talk about, if you have MTHFR and COMT and PEMT, that’s… oh my goodness, that’s horrible, and we’ll fix that for you, and you’ll be fine. Bob Miller 00:42:36 it just irritates me to no end. And it really could get anybody who’s doing this legitimately in trouble. I mean, I’m afraid someday, you know, there might be some cracking down on this kind of nonsense. Now, to answer your question about MTHFR. Dr. Deb Muth 00:42:51 I mean, it really is, but I’ll tell you what, why don’t we hold that thought until I go to another map and I can actually… Okay. Bob Miller 00:42:56 But the real… the cliff notes is the MTHFR puts a methyl group on your folate, which is needed, but it has gotten way, way, way too much attention. And people learn they have MTHFR, and they start taking a multivitamin with methylfolate, then they take a B vitamin with methylfolate. Dr. Deb Muth 00:43:13 And they’re pushing it too hard. Bob Miller 00:43:15 Yeah. So I can’t tell you how many people I’ve helped by saying, stop it. Dr. Deb Muth 00:43:20 Yeah, take less of it. Bob Miller 00:43:21 Take less of it, yeah. So, yeah. Yeah, there’s a… If somebody, say, ranked the enzymes at their level of importance, MTHFR might be 40 or 50 on a scale of 100, you know. Keep one Nerf two. big deals. Dr. Deb Muth 00:43:40 deals. Bob Miller 00:43:41 NQO1 that I didn’t even talk about yet, NQO1, takes your, NA… your NAD goes into NADH, To make electrons for the electron transport chain. you need NQ01 to bring that back. If that’s not working, and I’ll show you on the NAD map how disastrous that can be. Now, the next piece is here, and I think You know, if you talk to any school teachers and say, if you’ve taught for more than 10 years, how are the kids today? Every one of them says, more ADD, ADHD, more autism. Just look at human beings, we’ve never been so agitated. You know, everybody, and it might be a social media thing, but people take a position on something, and if anybody doesn’t share that position, they view them as the enemy. Dr. Deb Muth 00:44:29 And it’s kind of scary what’s happening to us. Bob Miller 00:44:33 So, we can’t agree to disagree anymore. We see anybody who has a differing opinion as the enemy. And, you know, there was… there’s people that didn’t have Christmas dinners together, because they had political differences, like… Dr. Deb Muth 00:44:44 Excuse me. Bob Miller 00:44:45 can’t you put your political differences aside to have Christmas together, you know? Dr. Deb Muth 00:44:49 Right? Bob Miller 00:44:50 become that, you know, no matter what your position is, and I’m not saying anyone’s right or wrong, I’m just saying. You know, in the old days, they used to say that the Republicans and Democrats in Congress would argue policy and then go have dinner together. And now everybody’s all up in arms, angry. Dr. Deb Muth 00:45:05 Yeah. Bob Miller 00:45:06 So… There’s likely multiple reasons for that. But let me show you one of them. That, you know, to what degree this is… very important, we don’t know, but I think We’re beginning to believe this is very important. So, there’s something… there’s a neurotransmitter called GABA. And God buys the don’t worry, relax, be happy. Chill. Okay. Dr. Deb Muth 00:45:31 Nobody has enough of that anymore. Bob Miller 00:45:33 Well, yeah, you’ll be surprised what I’m gonna show you. So, let me see if I can find a, Let me see if I can find the right slide here. Let me look for it here. So, there’s something called a GABA receptor site. And here you can see… This is a neuron, and this is where you, The neuron normally is excitatory. However, there’s normally low chloride in the neuron. Dr. Deb Muth 00:46:09 Hmm. Bob Miller 00:46:10 So, GABA itself is neither relaxing. For excitatory, all GABA does, it opens up what’s called a chloride channel. And then chloride, which has a negative charge, will flow into the neuron. Follow me there? Dr. Deb Muth 00:46:26 Yep. Bob Miller 00:46:27 And as it does, it changes this from a positive charge to a negative charge, And it’s relaxing. and inhibitory. Dr. Deb Muth 00:46:34 Hmm. Bob Miller 00:46:36 Now, on the other hand, there’s enzymes called NKCC1, That will push chloride in. and KCC2 that will bring chlor… oops and bring chloride out. And then there’s a sodium channel. And, sodium has a positive charge. And glutamate will push that in. So, as long as this is happening. And GABA says, receptor sites, open, chloride goes in, Chill. However, If NKCC1 Pushes extra chloride in. KCC2 doesn’t pull it out. and GABA hits the receptor site, the GABA comes flowing out, Sodium comes in, And now it’s excitatory. So Gabba didn’t change. GABA just opened the receptor site, that’s all it does. Dr. Deb Muth 00:47:33 Yeah. Bob Miller 00:47:34 But it’s the chloride balance that’s going to determine whether this is relaxing or not. Now, these are the things that go along with when they lose that KCC2 or gain NKCC1. Pain and sensitivity, burning electrical, neuropathic pain. Normal touch hurts. Sound and light sensitivity. Tinnitus can flare. Headaches and migraines. Seizure tendency. Body jolts. Spasticity, cramps, stiffness, startle reflex. Trouble falling asleep, non-restorative sleep. Anxiety, stress, reactivity, that’s what we have now. Hyperarousal, panic-like surges, irritability, racing thoughts. Brain fog, slowed processing, working memory slip-ups. Mental fatigue. Episodes of racing hearts, sweaty palms, guts on edge. Those are all the things that happen when this GABA switch occurs. Now, here’s what happens, and this is what I’m going to be presenting at an autism conference. When you have a newborn, they need that NKCC dominant to develop. By early childhood, it should… or, sorry, early adulthood. we should move over to the KCC dominant, that’s the taking the chloride out. Nice-looking 25-year-old boys, functioning very well. However, when we get microglia M1 upregulated. Because of environmental toxins, processed foods, Tylenol, aluminum. they stay in NKCC1 dominant, and there’s ADD, ADHD, Autism, the whole spectrum. because… They’ve not moved over to the… They’ve not moved over to the KCC2. And again, this is caused by… Environmental factors. Stimulating the microglia. And then, interleukin-1, interleukin-18 weakens KCC2, interleukin-1 beta, Strengthens NKCC1. high chloride. We open up the chloride channel, In Rebell Excitatory. So, I think when, When the pediatricians get ahold of this, they’re going to be very excited to know that This could be why we’re seeing such a rise, and not just autism, but ADD, ADHD, anxiety, the whole shit mess. Dr. Deb Muth 00:49:58 thing. Bob Miller 00:49:59 Yeah, so… and you can see NF-kappa-B stimulates that. These stimulate it, and I think that’s why everyone’s getting so anxious. Now, there’s a little bit more to it, and we’ll get into this when we look at some of the maps, but… The, the glutamate, Which is excitatory. will stimulate the NMDA receptor, make more glutamate, And glutamate will inhibit KCC2. And then we also need an astrocyte To, take both ammonia And glutamate, and… Turn them back into glutamine. And I’m going to talk to you a little bit about arachidenic acid, and if we have too much arachidenic acid. or TNFA is upregulated, that doesn’t happen. Ammonia goes up, and there may be multiple reasons for this, but this is a reason why some of the autistic kids do flapping. Dr. Deb Muth 00:50:49 Hmm. Bob Miller 00:50:50 Because they’re not clearing their ammonia. And you can tell if somebody has high ammonia by… they get that old person smell, you know. Dr. Deb Muth 00:51:00 Yup. Bob Miller 00:51:01 your vehicle cycle’s not taking out the, the ammonia. Now, last pathway here. There’s growing interest in mast cell activation. So, back here, we talked about peroxynitride. And that will stimulate mast cells, and those are white blood cells that are your best friend, unless they’re your worst enemy. Then it’ll make histamine. And there’s enzymes called histidine decarboxylase that’ll make more. Dr. Deb Muth 00:51:28 I’m sure everybody’s heard of DAO, the enzyme that degrades histamine. Yep. Bob Miller 00:51:31 We can have genetic weakness, we don’t make that. There’s an enzyme called histamine and methyltransferase, That, That breaks down the histamine. Then if we don’t do that, it’ll get stuck in the histamine receptor site. And then it’ll make something called, renin. Which will cause angiotensinogen to turn into angiotensin. One, that turns into angiotensin II,And that’s where people make aldosterone, where they’ll get the, The swollen ankles and high blood pressure. But interestingly, there’s an enzyme called ACE2, that takes this guy and turns it into angiotensin 1-7, Which is anti-inflammatory and also inhibits… TNFA. Now, you can have weakness on ACE2, But… and anybody’s saying, that sounds familiar? Dr. Deb Muth 00:52:25 That’s where COVID comes in, using ACE2. Bob Miller 00:52:28 And now we just found there’s literature that if you get COVID long enough, it can actually make ACE2 not be able to work as well. So look what it does. It comes down here, stimulates the NADPH oxidase, More superoxide. More peroxynitrite. And we’re on a cycle here. We’ve actually named this the Home Cycle Hypothesis, the proposed feed-forward loop. That just keeps feeding on itself. All being caused by… Primarily, The environmental factors. But hitting those who have genetic weakness the hardest. That’s why. Dr. Deb Muth 00:53:08 To the people. Bob Miller 00:53:09 Don’t live in a moldy house. One person is sick as can be, and the other person says, well, you must be imagining things, because I don’t feel anything. Dr. Deb Muth Yeah. Same thing with long haul, right? Two people can both get sick, one gets sick and never seems to recover, and somebody else gets sick, and they have absolutely no problems with it at all. Bob Miller 00:53:30 Sure. Well, think about it, if you get COVID, and ACE2 is weak, and some of this other stuff is going on. This thing just starts feeding upon itself. Dr. Deb Muth 00:53:38 Keep creating more inflammation, more complications, nothing’s calming down. Bob Miller 00:53:43 Yeah. Now, you, you ask about, MTHFR. So, this is the, this is the, the software called Functional Genomic Analysis. There’s a demo report we have. So, let’s talk a little bit about, MTHFR. So, we actually have a map called a methylation map. Now, what happens is, when you do your saliva test, you, you know, you spit, you put some saliva. in a collection kit, goes to a lab, takes out the DNA data, sends it to the computer, and now you can actually see it visually. Okay. So, it’s gonna take a second for this, data to load up, it’s, and each of these Circles, each of these ovals, is an enzyme. And the data gets loaded up to see where it is. So, until it gets loaded up here, I didn’t preload this. There it goes. So… The primary thing about methylation is There’s a nasty substance called homocysteine that, if it’s too high, can really be detrimental. The body takes methylfolate, and combines with methyl B12, To bring this back up to methionine. And then through the MAT genes, we make SAMI, S-adml methionine. Which is involved in so many processes. Then after it does its thing, it turns back into homocysteine. And this thing needs to keep spinning around. That’s why, you know, it’s a good idea to keep homocysteine at, do you have a number that you’d like? 7, 8? What do you like for a number? Dr. Deb Muth 00:55:24 Yeah, I like mine below 7. Bob Miller 00:55:26 Yeah. So if the homocysteine goes too high. It, caused all kinds of problems. So, here’s where you ask about the MTHFR. So, here you can see on this individual. I click on MTHFR, and you can see it comes up here, here’s the C677. And you can see here where it says, variants. I’ll… I’ll draw in case somebody’s having a hard time seeing that. So, you can see there’s nothing in there. That means there’s no genetic mutations. If one parent would have given a mutation, there’d be a 1. If both parents did, there’d be a 2. Now, here’s why Yes, methylation is important, I’m not saying it isn’t important, but look at this MTHFRC677. In my software. Only 42.5% of the population does not have a mutation. 44.7% have won. 12.9 have 2. So, this isn’t some rare, oh my god, I’m gonna die… Kind of thing, yeah. Dr. Deb Muth 00:56:27 Right. Bob Miller 00:56:28 So, And then what happens is that, and again, I’m not dismissing methylation, I… we could do a whole show on methylation. Bob Miller 00:56:36 get it. But I think that what people are doing is they’re, they’re learning about MTHFR, they get it measured, they panic. They start taking massive amounts of methylfolate, which many times is to their detriment. Dr. Deb Muth 00:56:50 Well, it’s… and isn’t it true, too, with MTHFR, like, you have to also look at MTR, MTRR, and the more we stack up of those, the more complicated than MTHFR can be. It’s not… it’s not as simple as just saying MTHFR 677 versus 1298. It’s more complex than that, kind of like what you’ve already shown with some of the other things. There’s more to it than just that one little sliver. Bob Miller 00:57:17 Oh, sure, well, let’s take a look. So, remember I said there’s a cofactor? One of the cofactors is called FAD. Just a Bob Miller observation, that’s all. But when people have trouble with their riboflavin and they don’t have enough FAD, They’re doing much worse than people who have just a C677. So, right here, you could have perfect C677th. And if you don’t have the cofactor, it’s not gonna work, okay? Dr. Deb Muth 00:57:48 And as you said, there’s an MTR enzyme. Bob Miller 00:57:51 that takes methylfolate and methyl B12, to spin it around. So, here on this individual. here’s your… here’s your B vitamins, or I’m sorry, your B12s. There’s an enzyme called TCN1 that takes it from the stomach into the blood. Then there’s other enzymes that take it from the blood into the tissue. And if you’re having trouble here. Well, then you’re not going to have this working, so… Even if you don’t have MTHFR, And you have MTR, like this, no, I’m sorry, this person doesn’t. But they have the MTRR, and then they don’t have enough B12, this isn’t gonna work, aside from that. And then there’s a middle pathway. And then there’s enzymes called the MAT1. they take the methionine to the salmon. If that’s not working, we stick… we get stuck in methionine. So, it’s, it’s not just an MTHFR. And then, one of the things that people forget about. is through these CBS enzymes and CTH, We make cysteine, which is needed to make glutathione. The master antioxidant. So, it really is that… I call it the, The 3D chess game played underwater. Dr. Deb Muth 00:59:07 It really is. I mean, I see people who have CVS, COMT, glutathione, MGHFR genes. And some of them function just fine. Like, they have Like, I look at this person and I’m like, oh my gosh, I don’t know how they’re functioning because they’re double mutated on so many pathways, but yet they don’t have a lot of symptoms, they don’t have a lot of complications. Somehow their body has figured out a way to adapt to what it has so it can stay alive and it can function at a high functioning level. Bob Miller 00:59:36 Yeah, and they may be, you know, eating right? Yeah. Staying out of a moldy house. reducing stress. So, it’s diet, it’s stress, it’s genetics, environmental factors. So, yeah, we can’t just say somebody’s gonna be good or somebody’s gonna be bad. You know, some people get scared, oh, I got all these, it’s like, well… Bob Miller 00:59:56 Are you living in a moldy house? You know, and if you live in a moldy house and your glucuronidation pathway doesn’t do well, or if you’re, you know, a smoker, or you’re constantly eating junk food, I mean, all. Bob Miller 01:00:07 things come together. Although, you know, when we focus on genetics, we’re well aware that this is just a piece of it. You know, you could have identical twins, Genetically, and if one… Is exposed to mold and smokes and drinks and stressed out. They’re gonna be a whole lot sicker than their sibling. Bob Miller 01:00:28 Yep. Dr. Deb Muth 01:00:29 Yeah, it’s that concept of taking twins, and one gets raced with one family, and one gets raced with another family, and they don’t have the same… problems that… that each other have, you know? It’s a very unique situation, we don’t think about that enough. Bob Miller 01:00:44 Alright, so again, genetics loads the gun, environment pulls the trigger. So, if you’ve got a loaded gun, but you don’t have the triggers, you’re okay. Dr. Deb Muth 01:00:53 Yeah. Bob Miller 01:00:54 Yeah. So, remember I said I was going to talk about NAD? So, here’s NAD, and what it does, it turns into NADH. And what NADH does, it, Comes down this pathway, what’s called the electron transport chain. And that makes your ATP, that’s your energy. So, if this wasn’t working, we wouldn’t be alive, because we wouldn’t have energy. So it donates an electron, that’s why it’s called electron transport chain. So, we need NAD, To make this, to make the energy. But remember I said that NQ01, this would probably be, like, on my top 10 list of… Bob Miller 01:01:36 Much more important than MTHFR. This one takes NADH back to NAD. If we’re stuck over here, We’re low in this NAD+, But what happens is, NQO1 also provides CoQ10. And CoQ10 Is what’s needed for the electron transport chain to flow. So if we get too many electrons up here. And they don’t turn them into energy. They make a nasty free radical called superoxide. Okay. Now, NAD plus also makes NADPH, And that is needed. Remember I said we need to recycle our antioxidants. So, if we have a problem with FAD from riboflavin. Yeah, we don’t have enough NADPH, Glutathione’s not getting recycled, and you’re gonna be inflamed. And you take glutathione, you’ll feel worse. There’s another enzyme called thimoredoxin. Same thing, needs NADPH and FAD. And same way with your nitric oxide, there’s an enzyme called NOS3, That makes the nitric oxide that dilates your blood vessels. And if we don’t have enough NADPH or fat, You’re gonna make superoxide. Rather than nitric oxide. Now, remember

The EPA's sodium bromide relabeling decision didn't just tweak a bottle panel, it pulled a familiar algae treatment tool out of the outdoor pool conversation overnight. We're joined by Scott Hamilton, the CEO of United Chemical to explain what the EPA's interim decision actually says, why “not for use in outdoor pools” now shows up on sodium bromide-based algaecides, and how that single change ripples through distribution when big suppliers decide they won't stock the category at all. From there, we get practical and technical. Scott walks us through worst-case outdoor testing designed to stress the chemistry: high pH, zero cyanuric acid (CYA), and heavy liquid chlorine dosing in above-ground pools. We talk bromate formation, why the EPA leans on conservative assumptions like 100% conversion, and what the real-world data shows instead, including the striking difference between treating a pool with active algae versus clean water. If you've ever wondered why timing matters, we dig into the “first hour” window where most bromate formation tends to occur and what actually drives the reaction. We also zoom out to risk, regulation, and perception: how Prop 65 style warning logic shapes the conversation, how the EPA swim model estimates ingestion exposure over a lifetime, and the question every pool pro asks, why hot tubs still get a pass while outdoor pools don't. Subscribe for part two, share this with a pool pro who's navigating algae season, and leave a review with your take on the ruling.We sit down with Scott Hamilton from United Chemical to unpack the EPA's interim decision that forces sodium bromide products to remove outdoor pool use from their labels and triggers major supply chain fallout. We dig into bromate formation, what worst-case testing actually shows, and why the first hour after dosing becomes the key battleground in the chemistry debate.  • who the interim decision affects and why labels now read not for outdoor pools  • why Pool Corp and others stop carrying sodium bromide products  • how the EPA reaches decisions when it does not run its own controlled lab tests  • worst-case outdoor testing design using high pH, zero CYA, and heavy liquid chlorine  • what the data shows with algae present versus clean water  • why most bromate formation happens in the first hour  • how proprietary ingredients can suppress bromate formation  • how Prop 65 and linear risk models shape public perception  • why hot tubs get treated differently under the EPA exposure assumptions  Are you a pool service pro looking to take your business to the next level? Join the pool guy coaching program. Learn more at Swimmypoollearning.com. If you're interested in the coaching program that I offer, you can learn more at ProGuideCoaching.com.  Download the full Sodium Bromide Study:https://drive.google.com/file/d/1X6-1uJJ7MZugeRDpch0tpop2vg0hjPR0/view?usp=sharingSend us Fan MailSupport the Pool Guy Podcast Show Sponsors! HASA https://bit.ly/HASAThe Bottom Feeder. Save $100 with Code: DVB100https://store.thebottomfeeder.com/Try Skimmer FREE for 30 days:https://getskimmer.com/poolguy Get UPA Liability Insurance $64 a month! https://forms.gle/F9YoTWNQ8WnvT4QBAPool Guy Coaching: https://bit.ly/40wFE6y

Jax Siddall - highly competitive American distance runner and educator. Jax recently smashed the Eugene Marathon men's course record, running 2:15:02 and securing an Olympic Trials Qualifying time in his very first attempt at the 26.2-mile distance. Jax and Cam cover what it took in training and preparation for Jax to qualify for the Olympic Trials, fueling strategies, running shoe differences, and more! Follow Jax: https://www.instagram.com/jaxpsiddall Follow along: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/cameronrhanes Twitter: https://twitter.com/cameronhanes Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/camhanes/ Website: https://www.cameronhanes.com Timestamps: 00:00:00 – Qualifying for the Olympic Trials and Moving to Eugene, OR 00:05:45 – Training for Beating the Record 00:13:08 – Eugene Marathon: The Mindset in Achieving a Time of 02:10: 00:18:52 – The Golden Standard in Running: 26.2 Miles 00:23:34 – A Love for Running at a Young Age 00:30:53 – Training, Raising Hemoglobin, Sponsors, & a Career in Teaching 00:33:52 – Teaching Social Studies, the Netherlands, & Different Cultural Differences 00:43:04 – People that Jax Looks up to 00:50:01 – Running Documentaries on YouTube 00:53:16 – Surges During Marathon Races & Pulling the Group 00:57:10 – Fueling Strategy: Gels, Carbs, and Sodium for Races 01:01:44 – Training with Carbon Plated Running Shoes 01:08:12 – What's Next: Broken Arrow 23k 01:12:16 – Treadmill Training for Speed and Elevation 01:16:22 – Keeping the Belief: Initial Failure in Competing to Qualify for the Olympic Trials 01:19:43 – Strategic Race Selection: Finding Stronger Competition 01:21:26 – Future Plans in Running & the Olympics 01:23:47 – Final Thoughts Thank you to our sponsors: Sig Sauer: ⁠https://www.sigsauer.com/⁠ use code CAM10 for 10% off optics LMNT: Visit https://drinklmnt.com/cam for a free sample pack with any purchase Hoyt: http://bit.ly/3Zdamyv use code CAM for 10% off Ketone IQ: https://www.ketone.com/Cam use code CAM for 30% off your first subscription Montana Knife Company: https://www.montanaknifecompany.com/ Use code CAM for 10% off  Grizzly Coolers: https://www.grizzlycoolers.com/ use code KEEPHAMMERING for 20% off

This week we kicked things off with Eric's experience crewing for Heather Jackson at Unbound XL, 350 miles of gravel, mud, and racing through the night. Josh Amberger also made a stunning gravel debut with a fourth-place finish, and we had some thoughts on that. Then we went through listener questions. We also talked the Escape from Alcatraz donut run, compression shorts, and the best perks of being a pro athlete (or pro athlete adjacent). This week we discussed:Eric supporting Heather Jackson at Unbound XL and Josh Amberger's surprise fourth-place finishWhat it's like when podcast listeners know more about you than you know about themPanicking in an open water swim and how to recover your composure mid-raceOff-road triathlon etiquette, do you have to stop and let faster riders pass?Racing a tri bike you've never ridden before: smart gamble or bad idea?Mile repeats vs. kilometer repeats, does interval length actually matter?Sodium and cramping: preloading, in-race electrolytesWearing compression shorts under your bibsWill 32-inch wheels ever make it into triathlon?Favorite perks of being a professional (or pro-adjacent) triathleteA big thank you to our podcast supporters who keep the podcast alive! To submit a question for the podcast and to become a podcast supporter, head over to ThatTriathlonLife.com/podcast

Put salt (aka sodium chloride) in your pasta water and you'll end up with delicious spaghetti. Put pure sodium in it instead… and it will explode. It's the latest edition of “The Element of Surprise,” our occasional series about the hidden stories behind the periodic table's most unassuming atoms, isotopes, and molecules. This time we're talking all about sodium. It's the periodic table's saltiest element. It powers your body like a battery and you need it to survive. So why is too much of it bad for you? Plus, how did salt help the North win the Civil War? Featuring Raychelle Burks, Trisha Pasricha, Ashley Dumas. Produced by Felix Poon. For full credits and transcript, visit outsideinradio.org. SUPPORT Outside/In is made possible with listener support. Click here to become a sustaining member of Outside/In.  Follow Outside/In on Instagram or join our private discussion group on Facebook. LINKS Watch a 1947 newsreel of the US Army disposing thousands of pounds of pure sodium into a lake in Washington State, causing massive explosions. See images of the Slanic Salt Mine in Romania and the Wieliczka Salt Mine in Poland, now major tourist sites. Check out Theodore Gray's “Sodium Party” YouTube video series where he drops sodium chunks of various sizes into water to observe how they explode. Here's the first video in the series.Want to learn more about the role of salt throughout human history? Read Mark Kurlansky's Salt: A World History. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

SpaceTime Series 29 Episode 65 *NASA confirms its moon base plans and first contracts NASA confirms its plans to have humans living on the Moon by 2032. The agency has released the latest draft of its lunar south pole base project and signed its first contracts. *A surprising core reversal deep inside the Earth The European Space Agency has discovered a mysterious flow reversal of Earth liquid iron outer core. *Red dwarf stars detected 'eating' Earth-like planets Astronomers have discovered some of the strongest evidence yet that stars eat their offspring. *The Science Report The healthy tomato-soy juice cocktail that could lower inflammatory proteins. A new species of giant mosasaur fossil discovered in Texas. Sodium-ion batteries could become a genuine low-cost rival to lithium-ion technology. Skeptics guide to secret flying saucers hidden in plain sight. Our Guests This Week: NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman NASA Associate Administrator Lori Glaze NASA Moon Base executive Carlos García-Galán   And our regular guests: Alex Zaharov-Reutt from techadvice.life Tim Mendham from Australian Skeptics And Senior science writer and Sky and Telescope magazine contributor Jonathan Nally  

Episode Highlights With KatieHow all minerals form your body's electrical fieldWhy minerals are the foundation for hormones, sleep, detox, digestion & moodThe 4 layers of the Mineral Matrix: Sodium = the chargerPotassium = the stabilizerMagnesium = the conductorHumic/Fulvic = the activatorsHow mineral depletion affects blood sugar, stress, PMS, and metabolismWhy modern life drains minerals faster than any time in historyHow minerals determine your state of fight, flight, or restThe symphony analogy: why you need all the minerals, not just oneHow minerals increase cell voltage and make healing possibleYour personal mineral routine: what you use daily and whyHow mineral replenishment becomes a powerful safety signal for the bodyWhy rebuilding minerals is one of the fastest ways to feel betterResources MentionedSalt I useMagnesium Breakthrough supplementBEAM mineralsThe Body Electric - bookMicroplastics In Salt and How to Avoid ThemMitochondrial Mastery course from Justine StengerLMNT electrolytesSalt tabletsLMNTI talk often about the health benefits of salt and electrolytes and I am a big fan of LMNT canned drinks and packets. Go to drinklmnt.com/wellnessmana for a special offer.Just Thrive:Just Thrive Health has been one of my longtime favorite brands for gut health and they have an amazing Daily Gut Detox. Your immune system, gut barrier, and digestion get the support they need to stay strong and healthy. You can find this and their probiotics at justthrivehealth.com/wellnessmama or use code wellnessmama for 20% off your order. 

Episode Highlights With KatieWhat humic and fulvic minerals actually are ... and why they're not electrolytesThe difference between fulvic (small, cellular) and humic (larger, gut-supportive)Why these minerals used to come from rich soil… but don't anymoreHow humic minerals bind toxins gently without stripping nutrientsHow fulvic minerals improve mineral absorption & mitochondrial signalingTheir role in gut health, microbiome balance, and gut lining repairHow they help move sodium, potassium, magnesium into the cellWhy they're crucial for detoxification in a modern environmentHow humic/fulvic increase cellular voltage and hydrationHow to take them: liquids, drops, powders & when they're most helpfulWhy these aren't “either/or” ... they are a both/and with electrolytesResources MentionedBEAM MineralsHiyaHiya created a super powered chewable vitamin for kids that packs twelve organic fruits and vegetables plus fifteen essential vitamins and minerals into every dose. Try it at hiyahealth.com/wellnessmama for 50% off your first order.BioptimizersI love and use so many products from them, but I especially love the magnesium and digestive enzymes. Visit bioptimizers.com/wellnessmama and use wellnessmama15 at checkout to get the best deal

Episode Highlights With KatieWhy potassium is the #1 most underconsumed mineral todayHow potassium runs the sodium–potassium pump that powers the entire bodyWhy potassium is the mineral of calm electricity and inside-cell stabilityHow potassium affects insulin sensitivity, blood sugar, and metabolismThe role of potassium in heart rhythm, muscle relaxation, and digestionWhy low potassium mimics anxiety and hormone imbalanceHow potassium balances sodium and helps magnesium work betterThe best food sources ... fruits, roots, coconut water, beans, greensWhy low-carb and RO water increase potassium needsPractical ways to add more potassium without supplementsWhy potassium is essential for cell voltage, hormone signaling, and nervous system safetyResources MentionedLMNT electrolyte drinksBONCHARGEI like so many of their products - from their red light products to their sauna blankets. Red light has been so helpful for me during my recovery from Hashimoto's. To find out more, go to boncharge.com/wellnessmama and use code wellnessmama for 20% off!LMNTI talk often about the health benefits of salt and electrolytes and I am a big fan of LMNT canned drinks and packets. Go to drinklmnt.com/wellnessmana for a special offer.

Episode Highlights With KatieWhy magnesium is the master mineral your body burns through fastestThe real reason magnesium powers 700+ reactions in the bodyHow magnesium activates ATP and mitochondrial energyWhy stress, pregnancy, and modern life create chronic depletionThe difference between forms like glycinate, citrate, malate, threonate, taurate, etc.Why I personally use Magnesium Breakthrough (7 forms)How topical magnesium oils, lotions, and baths work & when to use themSymptoms of magnesium deficiency (that don't look like deficiency!)How magnesium interacts with sodium, potassium, calcium, and hormonesHow magnesium supports sleep, digestion, blood sugar & nervous system calmWhy magnesium is a primary safety signal for the bodyResources MentionedMagnesium Breakthrough supplement (use code wellnessmama for 15% off)Magnesium lotionMagnesium oilHiyaHiya created a super powered chewable vitamin for kids that packs twelve organic fruits and vegetables plus fifteen essential vitamins and minerals into every dose. Try it at hiyahealth.com/wellnessmama for 50% off your first order.BioptimizersI love and use so many products from them, but I especially love the magnesium and digestive enzymes. Visit bioptimizers.com/wellnessmama and use wellnessmama15 at checkout to get the best deal