Crisis of Crime

Have you ever wondered why so many women are drawn to true crime? A 2018 study showed that 73% of true crime podcast listeners were women. Is it just a fun past time, or is there something deeper going on? Check out this episode to find out. Website • YouTube • TikTok • Twitter • Patreon • FacebookSources for this episode:Boling, K., Hull, K. (2018). Undisclosed Information - Serial Is My Favorite Murder. Examining Motivations in the True Crime Podcast Audience. Journal of Radio & Audio Media. Retrieved from: https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=s-ErWzUAAAAJ&citation_for_view=s-ErWzUAAAAJ:u5HHmVD_uO8CDiaz, A. (2021). At least nine bodies have been discovered since September during the massive searches for Gabby Petito and Brian Laundrie. Daily Mail. Retrieved from: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-10112443/At-NINE-bodies-discovered-manhunts-Gabby-Petito-Brian-Laundrie.htmlMcNamara, M. (2018) I'll Be Gone in the Dark. HarperCollins: New York, NY. Milan, A. (2021). The racial bias of true crime: Why is murder marketed to white women? Metro.co.uk. Retrieved from: https://metro.co.uk/2021/01/01/the-racial-bias-of-true-crime-why-is-murder-marketed-to-white-women-13615372/ RAINN. (2021). Victims of Sexual Violence: Statistics. RAINN. Retrieved from: https://www.rainn.org/statistics/victims-sexual-violence Tuttle, K. (2019). Why Do Women Love True Crime? The New York Times. Retrieved from: https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/16/books/review/kate-tuttle-true-crime-women.html

Criminological theories that have been labeled as 'radical' are often thought of as fringe theories or conspiracy theories. Are they really as radical as some would lead you to believe, or do they expose the realistic elements of American's shameful nature? Check out the episode to find out. Website • YouTube • TikTok • Twitter • Patreon • FacebookSources for this episode: •Totenberg, N. (2021). Race, Drugs And Sentencing At the Supreme Court. NPR. Retrieved from: https://www.npr.org/2021/06/14/1006264385/race-drugs-and-sentencing-at-the-supreme-court  •History.com Editors. (2021). Jim Crow Laws. History. Retrieved from: https://www.history.com/topics/early-20th-century-us/jim-crow-laws •Madfis, E., Miller, J. M. (2014). The Encyclopedia of Theoretical Criminology. Blackwell Publishing. DOI: 10.1002/9781118517390/wbetc104 •Poortvliet, K. (2021). Postmodern Criminology: Definitions, Theory & Examples. Study. Retrieved from: https://study.com/academy/lesson/postmodern-criminology-definition-theory-examples.html  •Gross, T. (2017). A ‘Forgotten History' Of How The U.S. Government Segregated America. NPR. Retrieved from: https://www.npr.org/2017/05/03/526655831/a-forgotten-history-of-how-the-u-s-government-segregated-america •U.S. Const. amend. XIII 

The topic of abortion has been in the public eye recently, especially with Texas passing the Texas Heartbeat Bill (SB8). In this episode, I discuss the consequences of restricting abortion and what's at risk for Texas's future. Website • YouTube • TikTok • Twitter • Patreon • FacebookSources for this episode: Donohue, J., Levitt, S. (2019). The Impact of Legalized Abortion on Crime Over the Last Two Decades. Becker Friedman Institute: University of Chicago. Retrieved from: https://bfi.uchicago.edu/wp-content/uploads/BFI_WP_201975.pdf Donohue III, J., Levitt, S. (2001). The Impact of Legalized Abortion on Crime. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 116(2), 379-420. Tarmann, A. (2000). New Study Claims Abortion is Behind Decrease in Crime. PBR. Retrieved from: https://www.prb.org/resources/new-study-claims-abortion-is-behind-decrease-in-crime/DOJ. (2021) Justice Department Sues Texas over Senate Bill 8. The United States Department of Justice. Retrieved from: https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-department-sues-texas-over-senate-bill-8 Texas Heartbeat Bill, S.B.8, 87th Cong. (2021). https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/86R/billtext/pdf/HB01500I.pdf Rabin, R. (2021) Answers to Questions About the Texas Abortion Law. The New York Times. Retrieved from: https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/01/health/texas-abortion-law-facts.html Jagannathan, M. (2019). Nearly half of women who have abortions live below the federal poverty level. MarketWatch. Retrieved from: https://www.marketwatch.com/story/nearly-half-of-women-who-have-abortions-live-below-in-the-federal-poverty-level-2019-05-17 Levitt, D. (2004). Understanding Why Crime Fell in the 1990s: Four Factors that Explain the Decline and Six that Do Not . Journal of Economic Perspectives, 18 (1): 163-190. DOI: 10.1257/089533004773563485 Summers, J. (2014). Rich Kid, Poor Kid: For 30 Years, Baltimore Study Tracked Who Gets Ahead. NPR. Retrieved from: https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2014/08/07/335285098/rich-kid-poor-kid-for-30-years-baltimore-study-tracked-who-gets-ahead 

2020 saw the largest single-year increase in the murder and non-negligent homicide rate... ever. This episode explores possible reasons for this spike, including motives and criminological theories. Website • YouTube • TikTok • Twitter • Patreon • FacebookSources for this episode: • Eriksson, L., Mazerolle, P. (2013). A general strain theory of intimate partner homicide. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 18(5), 462-470. • FBI. (2021). Crime Data Explorer. Federal Bureau of Investigation. Retrieved from: https://crime-data-explorer.app.cloud.gov/pages/home • FBI. (2021). News: FBI Releases 2020 Crime Statistics. Federal Bureau of Investigation. Retrieved from: https://www.fbi.gov/news/pressrel/press-releases/fbi-releases-2020-crime-statistics • Fernandez, M. (2021). CDC: Suicides decreased in 2020. Axios. Retrieved from: https://www.axios.com/suicide-decreased-in-2020-pandemmic-mental-health-26196eaf-a245-4d21-85eb-eeb864a24449.html • Joiner, T.E., Lieberman, A., Stanley, I.H. and Reger, M.A. (2020), "Might the COVID-19 pandemic spur increased murder-suicide?", Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research, Vol. 12 No. 3, pp. 177-182. https://doi.org/10.1108/JACPR-05-2020-0502•    Lucas, R. (2021). FBI Shows an Unprecedented Spike in Murders Nationwide in 2020. NPR. Retrieved from: https://www.npr.org/2021/09/27/1040904770/fbi-data-murder-increase-2020 

In this episode, I discuss the most popular theories of Feminist Criminology, as well as giving my opinion on what it is lacking - mental health awareness. Website • YouTube • TikTok • Twitter • Patreon • Facebook Venmo: @Rachel_Means Cashapp: @RachelMeans89 Sources for this episode: Cullen, F., Agnew, R., Wilcox, P. (2014). Criminological Theory: Past to Present (5th Edition). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Cain, L., Gross, D. (2010). Healing Neen [documentary film]. USA: In the Hallow Films.

In this episode, I discuss the murder of Jeffrey Curley, not only how the crime happened, but also how it can be explained using the Routine Activities Theory - specifically the idea of capable guardianship. Additionally, I briefly discuss shared responsibility and revictimization in the criminal justice system.  Website • YouTube • TikTok • Twitter • Patreon • Facebook Venmo: @Rachel_Means Cashapp: @RachelMeans89 Sources for this episode: Karmen, A. (2015). Crime Victims: An Introduction to Victimology (9). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. Macquarrie, B. (2009).  The Ride: The Jeffrey Curley Murder and Its Aftermath. Philadelphia, PA: Da Capo Press. 

In this episode, I discuss the regulatory bodies that were in place who failed to prevent the Bernie Madoff Affair, shared responsibility, and appropriate sanctions for all parties involved.  My Links:Website • YouTube • TikTok • Twitter • Patreon • Facebook Venmo: @Rachel_Means Cashapp: @RachelMeans89 Sources for this episode:  Definition. (2017). Ponzi. Dictionary.com, Retrieved from: http://www.dictionary.com/browse/ponzi--scheme  FINRA. (2009). FINRA Defends its Role in Madoff Scandal. Reuters, Retrieved from: http://www.reuters.com/article/us-madoff-finra-sb-idUSTRE50E0EQ20090115  Gaviria, M. (Director). (2009). The Madoff Affair [online video]. United States. PBS International  Moyer, L. (2009). How Regulators Missed Madoff. Forbes, Retrieved from: https://www.forbes.com/2009/01/27/bernard-madoff-sec-business-wall-street_0127_regulators.html Schlegel, K., Weisburd, D. (1992). White-Collar Crime Reconsidered. Northeastern University Press. SEC. (2011). General Information on the Regulation of Investment Advisors. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, Retrieved from: https://www.sec.gov/divisions/investment/iaregulation/memoia.htm 

In this episode, I discuss different theories that fall under the umbrella of white-collar crime, using former Enron executives as examples. If you are unfamiliar with the Enron Scandal, I would recommend watching the documentary, "Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room" for a great overview. I briefly describe what happened, but not in great detail. My Links:Website • YouTube • TikTok • Twitter • Patreon • FacebookVenmo: @Rachel_MeansCashapp: @RachelMeans89Sources for this episode: Gibney, A. (Director). (2005). Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room [Motion Picture].  Schlegel, K. & Weisburd, D. (1992). White Collar Crime Reconsidered. Northeastern University Press.

In this episode, I discuss the physiological factors that can help predict behaviors associated with antisocial personality disorder - or more commonly known as psychopathic behaviors. My Links:Website • YouTube • TikTok • Twitter • Patreon • Facebook Venmo: @Rachel_MeansCashapp: @RachelMeans89Sources for this episode: Cullen, F. T., Agnew R., & Wilcox P. (2014). Criminological Theory: Past to Present. New York, NY: Oxford University Press Diffen. (2016). Fraternal Twins vs. Identical Twins. Diffen. Retrieved from http://www.diffen.com/difference/Fraternal_Twins_vs_Identical_Twins Etkin, A. (2015). Different mental disorders linked to same brain-matter loss, study finds. Stanford Medicine. Retrieved from: https://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2015/02/different-mental-disorders-cause-same-brain-matter-loss.html Farlex (2016). Medical Dictionary. The Free Dictionary. Retrieved from http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Parahippocampal+place+area  Kendler, K. S., Lönn, S. L., Morris, N. A., Sundquist, J., Långström, N., & Sundquist, K. (2014). A Swedish National Adoption Study of Criminality. Psychological Medicine, 44, p. 1913-1925. https://www-cambridge-org.ezproxy.bu.edu/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/18BF148FC7DD248D2ACB5428ECEA6306/S0033291713002638a.pdf/a-swedish-national-adoption-study-of-criminality.pdf MayoClinic. (2021). Antisocial Personality Disorder. Mayo Clinic. Retrieved from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/antisocial-personality-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20353928 Niv, S., Ashrafulla, S., Tuvblad, C., Joshi, A., Raine, A., Leahy, R., Baker, L. (2015). Childhood EEG Frontal alpha power as predictor of adolescent antisocial behavior: A twin heritability study. Biological Psychology, 105: 72-76 

In this episode, I discuss the radial new approach taken by the Missouri Division of Youth Services (aka the Missouri Model) in an attempt to rehabilitate juvenile offenders. Learn more here: http://missouriapproach.org/ Sources for this episode: ABC News. (2009). A New Model for Juvenile Justice [Video File]. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ExPSUl8-hVU&feature=player_embedded Mendel, R. A. (2010). The Missouri Model: Reinventing the Practice of Rehabilitating Youth Offenders. Baltimore, MD. The Annie E. Casey Foundation. Aizer, A. & Doyle, J. (2015). Juvenile Incarceration, Human Capital, and Future Crime: Evidence from Randomly Assigned Judges. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 130(2), 759–803.Thompson Reuters. (2017). Juvenile Delinquents. FindLaw. Retrieved from: http://criminal.findlaw.com/juvenile-justice/juvenile-delinquents.html Welsh, W. N. & Harris, P. W. (2016). Criminal Justice Policy and Planning: Planned Change. (5th ed.). (pp. 117-127). New York, NY: Routledge. My Links: Website • YouTube • TikTok • Twitter • Patreon • Facebook Venmo: @Rachel_MeansCashapp: @RachelMeans89

In this episode, I speak with Ben Williams, the Chief Alliance Officer with TRACKtech, about their app that is designed to help reduce recidivism rates among individuals reentering society, as well as easing the case loads of those responsible for community supervision. We discuss everything from how to reduce the societal stigma of having a criminal record to using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to reduce recidivism rates. To learn more about TRACKtech, please visit https://tracktechllc.comMy Links:Website • YouTube • TikTok • Twitter • Patreon • Facebook Venmo: @Rachel_MeansCashapp: @RachelMeans89

In this episode, I discuss Broken Window's Theory (Wilson & Kelling 1982) and how its goal of increasing the number of police officers in targeted areas was meant to help lower crime, but instead, made crime rates go up. Additionally, how the over-policing of marginalized communities has helped continue the cycle of poverty. My Links:Website • YouTube • TikTok • Twitter • Patreon • Facebook Venmo: @Rachel_MeansCashapp: @RachelMeans89

In this episode, I explore why Donald Trump is prone to criminal activity as well as discussing some of his alleged crimes. When I initially started this episode, I thought I was going to head in a certain direction and ended up somewhere completely different. Take a listen to follow as I discover which theory of crime that Donald Trump falls into. My Links: Website • YouTube • TikTok • Twitter • Patreon • Facebook Venmo: @Rachel_MeansCashapp: @RachelMeans89

In this episode, my aim was to discuss two things. The first is to ensure we are using the correct definitions when talking about what happened at the Capitol on January 6th. The second, is to examine why these individuals did what they did. What crime theory or theories would they fall into? Take a listen to find out. My Links: Website • YouTube • TikTok • Twitter • Patreon • Facebook

In this episode, I speak with Marcus Pollard, a justice system reform counsel, and Sala Abdallah, a community organizer, both with the Southern Coalition for Social Justice about their newest publication titled Your First 48 Toolkit. The goal of the Toolkit is to guide formerly incarcerated individuals on a journey of successful reentry. According to the Toolkit's introduction, it promotes social and economic independence through relationship building, strong community involvement, education and public support. Episode Links: Southern Coalition for Social JusticeYour First 48 ToolkitMy Links: Website • YouTube • TikTok • Twitter • Patreon • Facebook

In this episode, I speak with Chantel Cherry-Lassiter, a representative of the Southern Coalition for Social Justice about the Umar Muhammad Clean Slate Toolkit. This toolkit is a resource created by the Southern Coalition for Social Justice to help North Carolinians navigate the new Second Chance Act, which can help expunge the records of low-level, non-violent offenders who received their charges at a young age. Episode Links: Southern Coalition for Social Justice Umar Muhammad Clean Slate Toolkit My links:Website • YouTube • TikTok • Twitter • Patreon • Facebook

Have you ever wonder what the process was for implementing change to criminal justice organizations and law enforcement agencies? Well, it's a long process. Have a listen to find out the steps and barriers to creating changes in these organizations, both in processes and culture. Website: www.crisisofcrime.comYouTube Channel: CrisisOfCrimeTwitter: @CrisisOfCrimePatreon: www.patreon.com/crisisofcrimeFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/crisisofcrime/Credit: Music: https://www.purple-planet.comSources for this episode: Garicano, L., Heaton. P. (2010). Information Technology, Organization, and Productivity in the Public Sector: Evidence from Police Departments. Journal of Labor Economics, 28 (1), p. 167-201. Gutworth, M. B., Morton, D. M., & Dahling, J. J. (2018). Managing Organizational Deviance: Focusing on Causes, Not Symptoms. In M. E. Mastrorilli (Ed.), Inside the Criminal Justice Organization: An Anthology for Practitioners (1st ed., pp. 1-256). San Diego, CA: Cognella Publishing. Welsh, W., Harris, P. (2016). Criminal Justice Policy and Planning: Planned Change. (5th ed.) New York, NY: Routledge. 

The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) test is a tool used to predict negative health outcomes in adulthood based on childhood trauma incurred in the home. While the study which lead up to this test was comprehensive, I believe there is a portion of a child's life that is not being captured. Children spend seven hours a day, five days a week at school. This is a significant portion of their lives and opens up opportunities for adverse experiences that can significantly affect them and their physical and psychological health. Take a listen to this podcast to hear my research proposal. Take the ACE Test here: https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/03/02/387007941/take-the-ace-quiz-and-learn-what-it-does-and-doesnt-meanCheck out this week's YouTube video expanding on this topic: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XT2Vb8tFTAs&feature=youtu.be Top 30 Criminal Justice Podcasts in 2020 by FeedSpot - See the list here: https://blog.feedspot.com/criminal_justice_podcasts/Website: www.crisisofcrime.com YouTube Channel: CrisisOfCrime Twitter: @CrisisOfCrime Patreon: www.patreon.com/crisisofcrime Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/crisisofcrime/ Credit: Music: https://www.purple-planet.comReferences for this episode: ACE. (2018). Got Your ACE Score? ACES Too High News. Retrieved from: https://acestoohigh.com/got-your-ace-score/ Fact Sheet. (2017). Bullying as an Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE). Stop Bullying. Retrieved from: https://www.stopbullying.gov/sites/default/files/2017-10/bullying-as-an-ace-fact-sheet.pdf Felitti, V., Anda, R., Nordenberg, D., Williamson, D., Spitz, A., Edwards, V., Koss, M., Marks, J. (1998). Relationship of Childhood Abuse and Household Dysfunction to Many of the Leading Causes of Death in Adults. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 14(4), 245-258. Garbarino, J., Bradshaw, C., Vorrasi, J. (2002). Mitigating the Effects of Gun Violence on Children and Youth. The Future of Children, p 73-83. Harris, N. (2014). How Childhood Trauma Affects Health Across a Lifetime [video file]. TED.com. Retrieved from: https://www.ted.com/talks/nadine_burke_harris_how_childhood_trauma_affects_health_across_a_lifetime/transcript Henderson, R. (2016). Psychosomatic Disorders. Patient. Retrieved from: https://patient.info/health/psychosomatic-disorders Rouse, M. (2018). Cyberbullying. Whatls. Retrieved from: https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/cyberbullying Student Bullying. (2018). School Bullying Affects us All. Stop Bullying Now Foundation. Retrieved from: http://stopbullyingnowfoundation.org/main/ Van Der Kolk, B. (2014). The Body Keeps the Score: Brain, Mind, and Body in the Healing of Trauma. New York, NY: Penguin Books. 

Website: crisisofcrime.comPatreon: www.patreon.com/crisisofcrimeTwitter: @crisisofcrimeCredit: Music: https://www.purple-planet.comToday I sat down with Gillian Tietz, Biochemist and host of the Sober Powered Podcast and Blog to talk about substance abuse and addiction. We discuss why addiction should be seen as an illness and not a choice, and whether or not illegal substance abuse should be decriminalized in the United States. Check out the Sober Powered Podcast and Blog here: https://linktr.ee/mondo.pump?fbclid=IwAR0RaVG-5Cx-CnDpPLbEO8GvlMo5SznOWKpNR9cPK85rtEef8bfCYEJOCo4 Gloucester PD Angel Initiative: https://paariusa.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/46/2015/08/Angel-program-policy-Aug-7-2015.pdf Brooke's House in Hagerstown, MD: https://www.brookeshouse.org/ Sources for today's episode:Gloucester PD. (2015). Gloucester Police Department Volunteer Angel Program. Gloucester Police Department. Retrieved from: https://paariusa.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/46/2015/08/Angel-program-policy-Aug-7-2015.pdf NIDAMED. (2018). Is the Use of Medications Like Methadone and Buprenorphine Simply Replacing One Addiction with Another? National Institute on Drug Abuse. Retrieved from: https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/principles-drug-addiction-treatment-research-based-guide-third-edition/frequently-asked-questions/use-medications-methadone-buprenorphine-simply-replacing Schwartzapfel, B. (2017). A Better Way to Treat Addiction in Jail. The Marshall Project. Retrieved from: https://www.themarshallproject.org/2017/03/01/a-better-way-to-treat-addiction-in-jail 

Website: crisisofcrime.comPatreon: www.patreon.com/crisisofcrimeTwitter: @crisisofcrimeCredit: Music: https://www.purple-planet.comThe best way to learn theories in criminology is through pop culture! In this episode, I discuss the following theories: Environmental Criminology, Routine Activities Theory, Rational Choice Theory, Social Bond Theory, Control Theory, Self-Control Theory, Modern Evolutionary Theory, Radical Theory of Criminology, Radical Theory of Feminist Criminology, Theory of African American Offending. I use examples from movies to help listeners conceptualize and fully understand each theory. Have fun! Sources: Cullen, F., Agnew, R., Wilcox, P. (2014). Criminological Theory: Past to Present (5th Edition). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.  Mentor, K. (2010). Radical Criminology. Critical Criminology. Retrieved from: http://critcrim.org/radical-criminology.htm 

Check out my website at crisisofcrime.com. If you're enjoying the podcast, please consider donating at patreon.com/crisisofcrime Today's episode is about the War on Drugs. I start off with the history of illegal substances in the US, and then explore two different perspectives on how the War on Drugs started. One perspective is from Michelle Alexander, the author of The New Jim Crow, and the other is John Pfaff, author of Locked In. Additionally, I take a deep dive into the racist dog-whistle politics behind the War on Drugs. I finish speaking about what would happen if we decriminalized or legalized illegal drugs. Sources for today's episode: WLM. (2020). Mrs. Winslow's Soothing Syrup. The Wood Library Museum of Anesthesiology. Retrieved from: https://www.woodlibrarymuseum.org/museum/item/529/mrs.-winslow's-soothing-syrupHistorical Highlights. (2020). The Pure Food and Drug Act. History, Art, and Archives: The United States House of Representatives. Retrieved from: https://history.house.gov/Historical-Highlights/1901-1950/Pure-Food-and-Drug-Act/ DEA. (2020). Illegal Drugs in America. Drug Enforcement Administration Museum. Retrieved from: https://www.deamuseum.org/idatour/index.html Harrison Narcotics Act of 1914, S. 785, 63rd Congress, (1914). ReaganFoundation. (2011, Aug 3). President Reagan's Address to the Nation on the Campaign Against Drug Abuse [video]. Youtube. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gj8gAQ_cQ7QRichard Nixon Foundation. (2016, April 29). President Nixon Declares Drug Abuse “Public Enemy Number One” [video]. Youtube. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y8TGLLQlD9M Pfaff, J. (2017). Locked In: The true causes of mass incarceration and how to achieve real reform. New York, NY: Basic Books. Alexander, M. (2012). The New Jim Crow: Mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness. New York, NY: New Press. RDL. (2020). The Rockefeller Drug Laws. The Blanch Law Firm. Retrieved from: https://www.theblanchlawfirm.com/practice-areas/other-matters-we-handle/the-rockefeller-drug-laws/

In this episode, I'll be discussing how gender relates to crime including how traditional gender roles have affected an individual's potential criminality. Then I'll review the liberal and radical schools of thought regarding feminist criminology. Lastly, I'll explore the biggest problems we are facing in regards to prostitution and sex trafficking. Link to The Typology of Modern Slavery: https://polarisproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Polaris-Typology-of-Modern-Slavery-1.pdf Sources for today's episode: ACF. (2020). Federal Government Efforts to Combat Human Trafficking. Office on Trafficking in Persons: An Office of the Administration for Children and Families.* ADF. (2020). Overview of Decriminalization vs. Legalization. Alcohol and Drug Foundation.* Bureau of Public Affairs. (2004). Link Between Prostitution and Sex Trafficking. U.S. Department of State.* Charles, J. B. (2018). 3 Cities Lead Fight Against Human Trafficking. Governing.* Cullen, F., Agnew, R., Wilcox, P. (2014). Criminological Theory: Past to Present (5th Edition). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Neal Davis. (2020). What is Compelling Prostitution in Texas. Neal Davis Law Firm.* New York. (2020). New York Prostitution Laws. Find Law.* NIJ. (2009). Prostitution: Pathways, Problems, and Prevention. National Institute of Justice.* Polaris. (2017). The Typology of Modern Slavery. Polaris.*Schwartzbach, M. (2020). Prostitution Laws. Criminal Defense Lawyer.* Texas. (2020). Texas Prostitution Laws. Find Law.* Uncategorized. (2020). Facts About Human Trafficking in the US. Deliver Fund.* *Please email me at crisisofcrime@gmail.com for links to websites, the description box has a limited number of characters it allows. 

In this episode, I'll be discussing the history of murder, including the first evidence of a murder occurring, and punishments for murder throughout time. Next, I'll examine the most common motivations for murder and I'll look at some real life examples. Lastly, I'll discuss what reforms we can make to reduce the murder rate. Sources for this episode: Bonn, S. (2019). Understanding Serial Killer Ted Bundy. Psychology Today.* Definition. (2020). Definition of Murder. Merriam-Webster.* Dobuzinskis, A. (2019). Mexican drug lord 'El Chapo' begins life term in Colorado 'Supermax' prison. WKZO.* Executions Overview. (2020). Executed but did not directly kill the victim. Death Penalty Information Center.* History.com Editors. (2020). Code of Hammurabi. History.* History.com Editors. (2020). Osama Bin Ladin. History.* Jacksonville Community Council Inc. (2006). Reducing Murder: A community Response. Homicide Center.* Kim, C., LeBlang, T. (1975). The Death Penalty in Traditional China. Georgia Journal of International and Comparative Law, 5(77), 78-105.Luhnow, D., Cordoba, J. (2009). The Drug Lord Who Got Away. The Wall Street Journal.* MacLod, W. (1937). Police and Punishment Among Native American of the Plains. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 28(2), 181-201.Morrall, P. (2007). Murder and Society: Why Commit Murder? Crime and Justice.*  Murder. (2020). What is Murder? HG Legal Resources.* Paddy. (2019). Murder in the First Degree: A History. Paddy Hirsch.* Pruitt, S. (2018). Was This the First Murder Victim in History? History.* Reggio, M. (1997). History of the Death Penalty. PBS.* State by State. (2020). States with and without the death penalty – 2020. Death Penalty Information Center.* Violent Crime. (2020). Jacksonville FL Crime Rate 1999-2018. Macrotrends.* *Please email me at crisisofcrime@gmail.com for web addresses. The description box does not allow enough characters to include them. 

In this episode, I discuss three topics related to the media and crime. First, I explore how the news and entertainment media directly effect crime by examining the Great Aggression Model and the Rudder Theory (including copycat criminals). Next I talk about bias in crime reporting, both racial and political. Lastly, I speak to how the media influences criminal justice policy and reform through tactics such as agenda setting and priming, all in an attempt to move forward a political agenda. Sources for this episode: Beale, S. (2006). The News Media's Influence on Criminal Justice Policy: How Market-Driven News Promotes Punitiveness. William and Mary Law Review. *Curiel, R., Cresci, S., Muntean, C., Bishop, S. (2020). Crime and its fear in social media. Palgrave Communications. *Eisen, L, Roeder, O. (2015). America's Faulty Perception of Crime Rates. Brennan Center for Justice. *Ghandoosh, N. (2014). Race and Punishment: Racial Perceptions of Crime and Support for Punative Policies. The Sentencing Project. *Guy, F. (2018). The Columbine Effect and Mass School Shootings.Crime Traveler. Holbrook, R., Hill, T. (2006). Agenda-Setting and Priming in Prime Time Television: Crime Dramas as Political Cues. Political Communication, 22(3), 277-295.  Ifill, G. (1992). The 1992 Campaign: The Democrats; Clinton, in Houston Speech, Assails Bush on Crime. The New York Times. *Lynch, P. (2020). 5 Notorious Copycat Killers in the 20th Century. History Collection. Olasov, I. (2016). Offensive Political Dog-Whistles: You know them when you hear them. Or do you? Vox. *Pew, A., Goldbeck, A., Halsted, C., Zuckerman, D. (2020). Does Media Coverage Inspire Copy Cat Mass Shootings? National Center for Health Research. *Relman, E. (2018). These are the most and least biased new outlets in the US, according to Americans. Business Insider. *Rios, V., Ferguson, C. (2018). News media coverage of crime and violent drug crime. A case for cause of catalyst. Justice Quarterly. Forthcoming. Werner, E. (2015). Media Effects on Attitudes Towards Criminal Justice System. Undergraduate Honors Thesis. *Withers, R. (2018). George H.W. Bush's “Willie Horton” ad will always be the reference point for dog-whistle racism. Vox. **I ran out of characters in the description to put the web addresses for the sources. If you would like any of the websites from the above sources, please email me at crisisofcrime@gmail.com and I will send them to you. Thanks! 

In this episode, I discuss the methods of crime reporting in the United States and how using crime statistics out of context can be harmful. I go over the Uniform Crime Report, the National Incident-Based Reporting System, the National Victimization Survey, and Self-Report Surveys. I describe each report in detail and their shortcomings. Afterwards, I discuss how statistics can be misleading and that they can be used to promote harmful narratives specifically in regards to race. Lastly, I talk about the factors that should be considered to provide context to crime statistics, as well as debunking the myth of black on black crime. Sources for today's episode: Bureau of Justice Statistics. (2018). Data Collection: National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). Office of Justice Programs. Retrieved from: https://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=dcdetail&iid=245Cullen, F., Agnew, R., Wilcox, P. (2014). Criminological Theory: Past to Present (5th Edition). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Graif, C., Gladfelter, A., Matthews, S. (2014). Urban Poverty and Neighborhoods Effects on Crime: Incorporating Spacial and Network Perspectives. Social Compass, 8(9), 1140-1155. Hanks, A., Solomon, D., Weller, C. (2018). Systematic Inequality: How America's Structural Racism Helped Create the Black-White Wealth Gap. Center for American Progress. Retrieved from: https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/race/reports/2018/02/21/447051/systematic-inequality/Karmen, A. (2016). Crime Victims: An Introduction to Victimology (9th Edition). Boston, MA. Cengage Learning. NIBRS. (2018). National Incidient-Based Reporting System.Federal Bureau of Investigations. Retrieved from: https://www.fbi.gov/services/cjis/ucr/nibrs Uniform Crime Report. (2017) 2017 Crime in the United States. Federal Bureau of Investigations. Retrieved from: https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-u.s/2017/crime-in-the-u.s.-2017/tables/table-43United States Census Bureau. (2018). ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved from: https://data.census.gov/cedsci/all?q=race&hidePreview=false&tid=ACSDP1Y2018.DP05 

In this episode I will be going over some of the more controversial topics within Victimology including shared responsibility, blaming, and restorative justice. Source: Karmen, A. (2016). Crime Victims: An Introduction to Victimology (9th Edition). Boston, MA. Cengage Learning. 

In this episode, I will be going over the most popular Criminological Theories and giving a brief history of Criminology as well. I will also give examples from Movies and Television to help you better understand the components of each theory. The theories I'll be covering are: The Demonic Perspective, Classical, Positivist, Anomie, Strain, Differential Association, White Collar Crime, Deterrence, Biosocial and Trait, Broken Windows, and Collective Efficacy (in that order). Source: Cullen, F., Agnew, R., Wilcox, P. (2014). Criminological Theory: Past to Present (5th Edition). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. 

Hi everyone and welcome to Crisis of Crime, the criminology podcast that discusses topics from criminological theory and preventative crime measures, to how to improve the criminal justice system.