Podcasts about Deterrence

Welcome to a new episode of the EUVC Podcast, where we bring you the people and perspectives shaping European venture.This week, Andreas Munk Holm sits down with Nicholas Nelson, founding GP of Archangel, the new defense-first fund going all in on the blunt reality of European strategic autonomy.Nicholas is no newcomer to this. From advising governments to serving in Afghanistan, launching syndicates, or building dual-use bridges when few wanted to touch defense, he's stayed on the same mission while the market shifted all around him.In this episode, Nicholas breaks down why Europe needs unapologetic defense-first investing, why dual-use alone won't cut it, and what founders, LPs, and co-investors must face up to if they're serious about Europe's sovereignty.Here's what's covered:00:00 | Nicholas Nelson's journey: from service to syndicates to Archangel02:00 | Two decades of doing defense before it was cool04:00 | Why now? Why real defense? Why not just dual-use?07:00 | The war tech shift: tanks out, rapid iteration in10:00 | Ukraine's ‘hourly sprints'—why on-the-ground matters13:00 | Deterrence, lethality & Europe's strategic gap16:00 | When dual-use brands muddy the water (and why that's risky)19:00 | The bullets & bombs dilemma: investing when LPs say no22:00 | Primes, vendor lock & the truth about the military industrial complex26:00 | ESG tensions: Europe's extra layer of complexity30:00 | The pan-European Anduril myth—why it doesn't map34:00 | Local vs. pan-European scaling: what's realistic37:00 | Exit routes & why the big growth rounds go abroad40:00 | The flywheel we didn't get to—coming in part two

John Spencer, Chair of Urban Warfare Studies at West Point, joins guest host Casey Kustin, AJC's Chief Impact and Operations Officer, to break down Israel's high-stakes strike on Iran's nuclear infrastructure and the U.S. decision to enter the fight. With Iran's terror proxy network reportedly dismantled and its nuclear program set back by years, Spencer explains how Israel achieved total air superiority, why a wider regional war never materialized, and whether the fragile ceasefire will hold. He also critiques the international media's coverage and warns of the global consequences if Iran's ambitions are left unchecked. Take Action: Take 15 seconds and urge your elected leaders to send a clear, united message: We stand with Israel. Take action now. Resources and Analysis: Israel, Iran, and a Reshaped Middle East: AJC Global Experts on What Comes Next AJC Advocacy Anywhere - U.S. Strikes in Iran and What Comes Next  Iranian Regime's War on America: Four Decades of Targeting U.S. Forces and Citizens AJC Global Forum 2025: John Spencer Breaks Down Israel's War and Media Misinformation Listen – AJC Podcasts: The Forgotten Exodus: Untold stories of Jews who left or were driven from Arab nations and Iran People of the Pod:  Latest Episodes:  Iran's Secret Nuclear Program and What Comes Next in the Iranian Regime vs. Israel War Why Israel Had No Choice: Inside the Defensive Strike That Shook Iran's Nuclear Program Follow People of the Pod on your favorite podcast app, and learn more at AJC.org/PeopleofthePod You can reach us at: peopleofthepod@ajc.org If you've appreciated this episode, please be sure to tell your friends, and rate and review us on Apple Podcasts or Spotify. Transcript of the Interview: Casey Kustin:   Hi, I'm Casey Kustin, AJC's Chief Impact and Operations Officer, and I have the pleasure of guest hosting this week's episode. As of the start of this recording on Wednesday, June 25, it's been 13 days since Israel launched precision airstrikes aimed at dismantling the Iranian regime's nuclear infrastructure and degrading its ballistic missile capabilities to help us understand what transpired and where we are now, I'm here with John Spencer, Chair of Urban Warfare Studies at the Modern War Institute at West Point, co-director of the Urban Warfare Project and Executive Director of the Urban Warfare Institute.  John, welcome to People of the Pod. John Spencer:   Hey, Casey, it's good to see you again.  Casey Kustin:   Thanks so much for joining us. John, you described Israel's campaign as one of the most sophisticated preemptive strike campaigns in modern history, and certainly the scope and precision was impressive. What specific operational capabilities enabled Israel to dominate the Iranian airspace so completely? John Spencer:   Yeah, that's a great question, and I do believe it basically rewrote the book, much like after the 1973 Yom Kippur War, where Israel did the unthinkable, the United States military conducted 27 different studies, and it fundamentally changed the way we fight warfare. It's called Air-Land Battle. I think similarly with Operation Rising Lion, just the opening campaign rewrote what we would call, you know, Shock and Awe, Joint Forcible Entry, things like that. And the capabilities that enabled it, of course, were years of planning and preparation. Just the deep intelligence infiltration that Israel did before the first round was dropped. The Mossad agents texting the high command of the IRGC to have a meeting, all of them believing the texts. And it was a meeting about Israel. They all coming together. And then Israel blew up that meeting and killed, you know, in the opening 72 hours, killed over 25 senior commanders, nine nuclear scientists, all of that before the first bomb was dropped.  But even in the opening campaign, Israel put up over 200 aircrafts, almost the entire Israeli air force in the sky over Iran, dominating and immediately achieving what we call air supremacy. Again, through years of work, almost like a science fiction story, infiltrating drone parts and short range missiles into Iran, then having agents put those next to air defense radars and ballistic air defense missile systems. So that as soon as this was about to begin, those drones lost low cost drones and short range missiles attacked Iranian air defense capabilities to give the window for all of the Israeli F-35 Eyes that they've improved for the US military since October 7 and other aircraft.  Doing one of the longest operations, seconded only to one other mission that Israel has done in their history, to do this just paralyzing operation in the opening moment, and then they didn't stop. So it was a combination of the infiltration intelligence, the low-tech, like the drones, high-tech, advanced radar, missiles, things like that. And it was all put together and synchronized, right? So this is the really important thing that people kind of miss in military operations, is how hard it is to synchronize every bit of that, right? So the attack on the generals, the attack on the air defenses, all of that synchronized. Hundreds of assets in a matter of minutes, all working together. There's so much chance for error, but this was perfection. Casey Kustin:   So this wasn't just an operational success, it was really strategic dominance, and given that Iran failed to down a single Israeli Aircraft or cause any significant damage to any of Israel's assets. What does that tell us about the effectiveness of Iran's military capabilities, their Russian built air defenses that they have touted for so long? John Spencer:   Absolutely. And some people say, I over emphasize tactics. But of course, there's some famous sayings about this. At the strategic level, Israel, one, demonstrated their military superiority. A small nation going against a Goliath, a David against a Goliath. It penetrated the Iranian myth of invincibility. And I also failed to mention about how Israel, during this opening of the campaign, weakened Iran's ability to respond. So they targeted ballistic missile launchers and ballistic missile storages, so Iran was really weakened Iran's ability to respond. But you're right, this sent a signal around the Middle East that this paper tiger could be, not just hit, it could be dominated. And from the opening moments of the operation until the ceasefire was agreed to, Israel eventually achieved air supremacy and could dominate the skies, like you said, without losing a single aircraft, with his really historic as well. And hit what they wanted with what they wanted, all the military infrastructure, all the senior leaders. I mean, eventually they assigned a new commander of the IRGC, and Israel found that guy, despite him running around in caves and things.  It definitely had a strategic impact on the signal to the world on Israel's capabilities. And this isn't just about aircraft and airstrikes. Israel's complete dominance of Iran and the weakness, like you said. Although Israel also taught the world back when they responded to Iran's attack in April of last year, and in October of last year, is that you probably shouldn't be buying Russian air defense systems like S-300s. But Iran still, that was the backbone of their air defense capabilities, and Israel showed that that's a really bad idea. Casey Kustin:   You mentioned the component of this that was not just about going after infrastructure sites, but targeting Iranian military leadership and over 20 senior military and nuclear figures, according to public reporting. This was really a central part of this campaign as well. How does this kind of decapitation strategy alter the regime's military capability now, both in this immediate short term, but also in the long term, when you take out that kind of leadership? John Spencer:   Yeah, absolutely. I mean, much like when the United States took out Qasem Soleimani, the head of the Quds Force, who had been decades of leadership of the Quds Force, the terror proxies, which I'm sure we'll talk about, overseeing those to include the ones in Iraq, killing my soldiers. It had a ripple effect that was, it's hard to measure, but that's decades of relationships and leadership, and people following them. So there is that aspect of all of these. Now we know over 25 senior IRGC and Iranian basically leadership, because they killed a police chief in Tehran and others. Yet that, of course, will ripple across.  It paralyzed the leadership in many ways during the operation, which is the psychological element of this, right? The psychological warfare, to do that on the opening day and then keep it up. That no general could trust, much like Hezbollah, like nobody's volunteering to be the next guy, because Israel finds him and kills him. On the nuclear though, right, which all wars the pursuit of political goals. We can never forget what Israel said the political goals were – to roll back Iran's imminent breakout of a nuclear weapon, which would not only serve to destroy Israel, because that's what they said they wanted to do with it, but it also gives a nuclear umbrella, which is what they want, to their exporting of terrorism, and the Ring of Fire, the proxy networks that have all been defanged thanks to Israel. That's the reason they wanted. So in taking out these scientists.So now it's up to 15 named nuclear scientists. On top of the nuclear infrastructure and all the weaponization components. So it's not just about the three nuclear enrichment sites that we all talked about in the news, you know, Fordow, Natanz, and Esfahan. It's about that complete, decades-long architecture of the scientists, the senior scientists at each of the factories and things like that, that does send about, and I know we're in right now, as we're talking, they're debating about how far the program was set back. It holistically sets back that definitely the timeline.  Just like they destroyed the Tehran clock. I'm sure you've heard this, which was the doomsday clock that Iran had in Tehran, which is the countdown to the destruction of Israel. Israel stopped that clock, both literally and figuratively. Could they find another clock and restart it? Absolutely. But for now, that damage to all those personnel sets everything back. Of course, they'll find new commanders. I argue that you can't find those same level of you know, an Oppenheimer or the Kahn guy in Pakistan. Like some of those guys are irreplaceable. Casey Kustin:   So a hallmark of Israeli defense policy has always been that Israel will take care of itself by itself. It never asks the United States to get involved on its behalf. And before President Trump decided to undertake US strikes, there was considerable public discussion, debate as to whether the US should transfer B2s or 30,000 pound bunker busters to Israel. From purely a military perspective, can you help us understand the calculus that would go into why the US would decide to take the action itself, rather than, say, transfer these assets to Israel to take the action? John Spencer:   Sure. It's a complex political question, but actually, from the military perspective, it's very straightforward. The B2 stealth fire fighter, one of our most advanced, only long range bomber that can do this mission right, safely under radar, all this stuff. Nobody else has it. Nobody else has a pilot that could do it. So you couldn't just loan this to Israel, our strongest ally in the Middle East, and let them do the operation. As well as the bomb. This is the only aircraft with the fuselage capable of carrying this side. Even the B-52 stratomaster doesn't have the ability to carry this one, although it can push big things out the back of it. So just from a logistics perspective, it wouldn't work.  And then there's the classification. And there's many issues with, like, the somebody thinking that would have been the easiest, and even if it was possible, there's no way to train an Israeli pilot, all the logistics to it, to do it. The Israel Begin Doctrine about, you know, taking into their own hands like they did in Iraq in 1981 and Syria in 2007, is still in full effect, and was shown to be literally, a part of Israel's survival is this ability to, look, I understand that allies are important. And I argue strongly that Israel can never go at it alone, and we should never want it to. The strength of any nation is its allies.  And the fact that even during this operation, you saw immense amounts of American military resources pushed into the Middle East to help defend Israel and US bases but Patriot systems on the ground before this operation, THAAD systems on the ground before the system. These are the advanced US army air defense systems that can take down ballistic missiles. You had Jordan knocking down drones. You had the new Assad replacement guy, it's complex, agreeing to shoot things down over their airspace. That is part of Israel's strength, is its allies.  I mean, the fact that you have, you know, all the Arab nations that have been helping and defending Israel is, I think, can't be underscored under Israel doesn't, shouldn't need to go it alone, and it will act. And that's the Begin Doctrine like this case. And I do believe that the United States had the only weapon, the only capability to deliver something that the entire world can get behind, which is nuclear proliferation, not, you know, stopping it.  So we don't want a terror regime like the Islamic regime, for so many different reasons, to have a nuclear weapon close to breakout. So United States, even the G7, the United Nations, all agree, like, you can't have a nuclear weapon. So the United States doing that limited strike and midnight hammer, I think, was more than just about capabilities. It was about leadership in saying, look, Iran's double play that the economic sanctions, or whatever, the JCPOA agreement, like all these things, have failed. Conclusively, not just the IAEA statement that they're 20 years that now they're in violation of enrichment to all the different intelligence sources. It was not working. So this operation was vital to Israel's survival, but also vital for the world and that too, really won in this operation. Casey Kustin:   Vital both in this operation, in the defense of Israel, back in April 2024 when Iran was firing missiles and we saw other countries in the region assist in shooting them down. How vital is Israel's integration into CENTCOM to making that all work? John Spencer:   Oh, I mean, it's life saving. And General Carrillo, the CENTCOM Commander, has visited Israel so much in. The last 20 months, you might as well have an apartment in Tel Aviv. It's vital, because, again, Israel is a small nation that does spend exponential amounts of its GDP in its defense. But Iran, you know this, 90 million much greater resources, just with the ballistic missile program. Why that, and why that was so critical to set that back, could overwhelm Israel's air defense systems. Could. There's so much to this, but that coordination. And from a military to military perspective, and this is where I come and get involved, like I know, it's decades long, it's very strong. It's apolitical on purpose. It's hidden. Most people don't know it, but it's vital to the survival of our greatest ally in the Middle East. So it meets American interest, and, of course, meets Israel's interest. Casey Kustin:   Can you help us understand the Iranian response targeting Al Udeid Air Base in Qatar, because this seemed like a very deliberate way for the regime to save face and then de-escalate. But if the ceasefire falls apart, what are the vulnerabilities for us, troops and assets in the region. How well positioned are our bases in Qatar, Al Dhafra in the UAE, our naval assets in Bahrain, our bases in Iraq? How well positioned are we to absorb and deter a real retaliatory response? John Spencer:   Yeah, it's a great question. I mean, first and foremost, you know, there is a bit of active defense. So, of course, all of our US bases are heavily defended. A lot of times, you can see things are about to happen, and you can, just like they did, they moved to naval aircraft that would have been even vulnerable in some of these locations, out to sea, so they can't be touched. Heavily defended. But really, active defense is absolutely important, but really deterrence is the greatest protection. So that has to be demonstrated by the capability, right? So the capability to defend, but also the capability to attack and the willingness to use it.  This is why I think that supposedly symbolic to the 14 bunker busters that the United States dropped during Operation Midnight Hammer. Iran sent 14 missiles. President Trump says, thanks for the heads up. You know, all of it was evacuated, very symbolic, clearly, to save face and they had a parade, I guess, to say they won something. It's ludicrous, but sometimes you can't get inside the heads of irrational actors who are just doing things for their own population.  Our bases, the force protection is heavy. I mean, there's never 100% just like we saw with all the air defenses of Israel, still about 5% or if not less, of the ballistic missiles got through one one drone out of 1000 got through. You can never be 100% but it is the deterrence, and I think that's what people miss in this operation. It set a new doctrine for everyone, for the United States, that we will use force with limited objectives, to send an immense amount of strength.  And when somebody says there's a red line now that you should believe that, like if you would have injured a single American in the Middle East, Iran would have felt immense amount of American power against that, and they were very careful not to so clearly, they're deterred. This also sent a new red line for Israel, like Israel will act just like it did in other cases against even Iran, if they start to rebuild the program. War is the pursuit of political objectives, but you always have to look at the strategic on down. Casey Kustin:   On that last point, do you think we have entered a new phase in Israeli military doctrine, where, instead of sort of a more covert shadow war with Iran, we will now see open confrontation going forward, if necessary? John Spencer:   Well, you always hope that it will not be necessary, but absolutely this event will create, creates a new doctrine. You can see, see almost everything since October 7, and really there were just things that were unconceivable. Having studied and talked to Israeil senior leaders from the beginning of this. Everybody thought, if you attacked Hezbollah, Iran, was going to attack and cause immense amounts of destruction in Israel. Even when Israel started this operation, their estimates of what the damage they would incur was immense. And that it didn't is a miracle, but it's a miracle built in alliances and friendships with the United States and capabilities built in Israel.  Of course, Israel has learned a lot since October 7 that will fundamentally change everything about not just the military doctrine, but also intelligence services and many aspects that are still happening as they're fighting, still to this day in Gaza to achieve the realistic, measurable goal there. Yes, it absolutely has set forth that the old ways of doing things are gone, the you know, having these terror armies, the ring of fire that Israel has defanged, if not for Hamas dismantled and destroyed.  It sets a new complete peace in the Middle East. But also a doctrine of, Israel is adapting. I mean, there's still some elements about the reserve forces, the reigning doctrine, that are evolving based on the magnitude of the war since October 7. But absolutely you're right about they will, which has been the doctrine, but now they've demonstrated the capability to do it to any threat, to include the great, you know, myth of Iran. Casey Kustin:   So when you talk about this defanging of the Iranian proxy network obviously, Israel undertook significant operations against Hezbollah. Over the last year, they've been in active conflict with the Houthis. How does this operation now alter the way that Iran interacts with those proxies and its capacity to wage war against Israel through these proxies? John Spencer:   Yeah, cripples it, right? So Iran's nuclear ambition and its terror campaign are literally in ruins right now, both literally and figuratively. Hezbollah was defanged, the leadership, even taking out Nasrallah was believed to have caused catastrophic consequences, and it didn't. So, absolutely for Iran, also during this operation, is sniffing because all of his proxies were silent. I think the Houthis launched two missiles because thanks to Israel and the United States, the Houthi capabilities that should never have been allowed to amass, you know, this pirate terror empire. They didn't make those greatest shore to sea arsenal out of falafels. It got it straight from Iran, and that pipeline has already been cut off, let alone the capabilities.  Same thing with Hezbollah, which relied heavily on pipelines and infrastructure of missiles and everything being fed to it by Iran. That's been cut. The Assad regime being the drug empire, support of Hezbollah to rule basically, in Lebanon, has been cut. Hezbollah couldn't come to the aid of Assad. All of these variables. And of course, Hamas will never be able to do anything again, period. It all causes Iran to have to rethink everything. From, you know, not only their own national defense, right air defense capabilities and all this, but their terror campaign, it isn't just in ruins. There's a new doctrine, like it's not acceptable.  Now, of course, that's going to be hard to fully reign in. You have Shia backed groups in Iraq, you have a lot of bad things going on, but the Quds Force, which is its job, it's all shattered. Of course, they'll try to rebuild it. But the fact that these terror proxies were already so weakened by Israel that they couldn't do anything and remain silent. Hezbollah just was silent basically during this, is very significant to the peace going forward. I mean, there, there's still a lot of war here, but Israel and the United States have rewritten the map of the Middle East. Casey Kustin:   in the hours days that followed the US deciding to engage here. A lot of the conversation focused on the possibility of triggering now broader regional escalation, but we didn't see that, and it sort of shattered that myth that if Israel or the US were to go after Iran, that it would spiral into a broader Middle East conflict. Why did we not see that happen? Why did this remain so controlled? John Spencer:   So many reasons that really go back a few months, if not years? Mean going back to the first the Abraham Accords, President Trump's recent tour of the Gulf states and his story. Turic financial deals Israel's like we talked about with the Arab nations that were part of protecting it, the fact that the so on, that very geopolitical aspect. And we saw Iran turn to Russia, because there's always geopolitical considerations. Iran turned to Russia. Said, you're going to help us out. We signed this security agreement last year. We've been helping you in Ukraine do the awful things you're doing there.  And Russia said, No, that's not what we said. And it called called President Trump. President Trump says, how about you worry about mediating a ceasefire in Ukraine? And well, so they turned to China and the fact that there was nobody again, and that all the work that had been done with all the people that also disagree, nation states like Saudi Arabia, Qatar, all those others. Those are many of the contributing factors.  But war also, I wrote this piece about, this isn't Iraq, this isn't Afghanistan, this isn't Libya. I really hate the lazy comparisons. This was contained and not able to spill out by constant communication from day one of what the goals were. Limited objective to roll back a threat to the world nuclear program and the ballistic program as well. That prevents the ability for even the Islamic regime to say, you know, my survival is at risk, I need to escalate this, right? So, being clear, having strategic clarity from Israel, and when the United States assisted, from the United States. You know, war is a contest of wills, not just between the military is fighting it, but the political element and the population element. So, you know, being able to communicate to the population in Israel and like, what's the goal here? Like, how long are we gonna have to do this? And to the United States. Like, what are our interests? Keeping it the goal limited, which all parties did.  And even, in fact, you had the G7 meeting during this and they signed an agreement, we agree Iran cannot have a nuclear weapon. That is a big part of how you permit the spill out. But it does have many contextual elements of the broader, this isn't black and white between Israel and Iran. It's much bigger than that. And that, and we saw all that work that has been done to show strength through peace, or peace through strength, in all the forms of national power that have been rallied against what is chaos that the Islamic regime wants in the Middle East. Casey Kustin:   So now that we've had a few days to begin to assess the impact of both the US and the Israeli strikes based on what's publicly available. I think you wrote that the nuclear timeline has been pushed back years. We saw some reporting in the New York Times yesterday saying it's only set back months. It seems this morning, the US is concurring with the Israeli assessment that it's been set back years. A lot of talk about where certain Where did certain stockpiles of enriched uranium, and how confident can we be at this point in any of these assessments? John Spencer:   So yes, as we're talking, people are trying to make it political. This should be a non partisan, non political issue. I'm an objective analyst of war. If you just write down all the things that Israel destroyed, validated by satellite imagery. then the fact that somebody And even the spinning of words where like we saw with that leaked report, which was the preliminary thoughts about something, it isn't comprehensive, right?  So one, BDA has never come that fast. Two, we do know, and Iran has validated, like all these scientists dead, all these generals dead, all these components of the nuclear program, damaged or destroyed. The idea that somebody would say, well, you only set it back a couple months to me, it's just anti-intellectual. Look, Natanz, Esfahan, Fordo, we can debate about how much stuff is inside of that mountain that was destroyed, although 14 of the world's best bunker buster munitions, 30,000 pounds punching through.  I just think, it's not a silly argument, because this is very serious. And yes, there could be, you know, hundreds of pounds of enriched uranium up there, a certain percentage that got floated around. That's not the, the things that set the timeline of breakout. Breakout included all the components of the knowledge and capability to reach breakout and then weaponization of a nuclear bomb. There's nobody, I think, who can comprehensively, without nuancing the words say that Israel wasn't very effective, and the United States assistance in only what the United States could do, at setting this program back and actually stopping the immediate danger. Of course, Iran is still a danger. The program is still a danger, but I just think it's so political that they're trying to say that, well, you only said it back a couple months. That's like, that's ridiculous. Casey Kustin:   So as an objective analyst of war, but also as someone who's really been a voice of moral clarity and has called out the international media over the last 18 months for a lot of this disinformation, misinformation, bias reporting. Before we go, John, what is one consequence of this operation that the international media is just missing? John Spencer:   One is that, I think the international media who are debating whether Iran was literally using an opposing opinion against global thought that Iran was close to a nuclear bomb, they missed that completely and tried to politicize it to where, just giving disinformation agents that tidbit of a headline that they need. I do believe in journalistic standards, fact checking, those elements and holding those people accountable. I live in the world of experts. People on the platform X who think they're experts.  But when you have national media running headlines for sensationalism, for clicks, for you know, struggling for opposition to just political administration, we should learn to really question a single report as valid when there's overwhelming opposition. I don't know how to put that succinctly, but you think we would learn over the last, you know, 20 months of this lies, disinformation, statistical warfare, the things like that that, yeah, it's just crazy that that somebody would think in any way this wasn't an overwhelming success for the world, that this program was set back and a new doctrine for treating the program was established. Casey Kustin:   Finally, John, before we wrap up here, the question on everyone's mind: can the ceasefire really hold? John Spencer:   So, you know, I don't do predictions, because I understand wars uncertainty. It's human. It's political. It looks by all signs, because of how Iran was dominated, and how the United States showed that if it isn't contained, then immense amounts of force and of course, Israel's superiority, I believe that the ceasefire will hold. It was normal. And I made some some posts about the historical examples of wars coming to an end, from the Korean War, to the Yom Kippur war, Bosnia War, where you had this transition period where you're rolling back forces and everything. But the by the fact that Iran has said, Yeah, we agreed. We have stopped our operation. All signs for me are saying that this ceasefire will hold, and now the world's in a better place. Casey Kustin:   John, thank you so much for the insight, for, as I said, your moral clarity that you bring to this conversation. We appreciate you joining us today on People of the Pod. John Spencer:   Thank you so much.   

Today, Martha, Les, and Morgan discuss NATO's unprecedented decision to increase defense spending to 5% of GDP—a seismic shift in transatlantic security policy. Driven by escalating threats from Russia, war in Ukraine, and mounting pressure from President Trump, the alliance's new posture marks a clear break from decades of post–Cold War complacency. With Trump demanding more from European allies while withholding a full guarantee of U.S. protection, the future of collective defense—and Europe's role–is being fundamentally rewritten.Is this a turning point for NATO or the beginning of its fragmentation? What does this spending surge really buy in terms of deterrence, and is it enough to match rising global threats? And can Europe truly step up—or is burden-sharing still more theory than reality?Check out the answers to these questions and more in this episode of Fault Lines.Check out the sources that helped shape our Fellows' discussions: https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/opinions_236418.htm https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c4gd98qry6jo https://www.cnn.com/2025/06/24/politics/nato-summit-trump-solitary-approach https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-heads-nato-summit-europe-agrees-heed-his-defense-spending-demands Follow our experts on Twitter: @marthamillerdc@lestermunson @morganlroachLike what we're doing here? Be sure to rate, review, and subscribe. And don't forget to follow @faultlines_pod and @masonnatsec on Twitter!We are also on YouTube, and watch today's episode here: https://youtu.be/DGDfMrDkUtY Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In back-to-back explosive episodes of The Tara Show, Tara exposes Iran's self-destructive moves on the global stage. From violating ceasefires and launching proxy attacks to denying the obvious, Iran walks straight into a coordinated trap set by Trump and Israel. With blistering commentary, Tara details how Iran's nuclear program—backed by China—is being systematically dismantled, how its leadership faces possible eradication, and why Trump's return signals the end of Biden-era appeasement. Meanwhile, the media distracts with heatwave hysteria, ignoring record polar ice growth and geopolitical reality. It's not just a conflict—it's the beginning of Iran's collapse and China's exposure

In episode 16 of Strategy Speaks, Richard Marles - Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Defence of Australia -, speaks with Luis Simón and Lotje Boswinkel about Australia's defence and deterrence strategy. This special edition of the podcast, recorded live from the NATO Hague Summit, also covers Australia's strategy in its relationship with the United States, AUKUS and more. 

On this episode of the podcast former Deputy National Security Advisor and Vice President of National Security and Foreign Policy at The Heritage Foundation, Victoria Coates breaks down the most pressing issue today: the United States taking action against Iran to destroy and dismantle their nuclear enrichment centers and program as a whole. Coates offers her expert analysis on escalating tensions in the Middle East and the ongoing threats from China and Russia, cybersecurity vulnerabilities, and the importance of energy independence in global diplomacy. Together, Amanda and Victoria dissect how these complex geopolitical dynamics intersect with domestic policy, why America's adversaries feel emboldened, and what a renewed national security strategy under a future conservative administration might look like.You can follow this podcast, Amanda Head, and Victoria Coates on X (formerly Twitter) by searching for the respective handle: @FurthermorePod, @AmandaHead, @VictoriaCoates.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Hamas' October 7, 2023, paradigm-shifting attack has prompted Israel to change its defense doctrine with devastating consequences for the Middle East. No longer satisfied with operating on the principle of deterrence, involving regular strikes against Hamas in Gaza and Lebanon, militant Palestinian groups in the West Bank, Yemen's Houthi rebels, Iranian targets in Syria and the Islamic Republic, and Hezbollah in Lebanon and Syria, Israel's new defense doctrine focuses on militarily emasculating its opponents. The new doctrine, focused on kinetic rather than negotiated solutions, has driven Israeli military operations since the Hamas attack broke a psychological barrier by successfully breaching Israeli defences and invading Israeli territory. Hamas and other Palestinians killed some 1,200 people, mostly civilians, in the attack. Israel's subsequent decimation of Hamas and Hezbollah, the Iran-backed Lebanese Shiite militia and political movement, with little regard for the cost to innocent human lives, offered proof of concept for a strategy that involves killing top leaders and destroying military infrastructure based on the Jewish state's military and intelligence superiority. In addition to the devastation of Gaza in a bid to destroy Hamas militarily and politically and the weakening of Hezbollah, Israel has destroyed much of the Syrian military arsenal and infrastructure since the fall of President Bashar al-Assad. Now, it is targeting Iran's military command, missile and launcher arsenal, and nuclear facilities. “The unexpected degree of success…reduced Israeli wariness about launching a similar campaign against Iran, despite expectations that a severe Iranian response might still be forthcoming,” said Michael Koplow, chief policy officer at the Israel Policy Forum. Alarmingly, Israel's newly conceived dominance-driven military assertiveness has fueled public anger and widespread anticipation of war across the Middle East.

"Nothing After Two O'clock" or "No Action, Talk Only" are well-worn jabs at the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) that once resonated with a certain truth. They conjured images of bureaucratic inertia and a disconnect between lofty pronouncements and concrete action. This has changed. NATO's Allied Command Operations is shifting its culture to rapidly adopt new technologies and capabilities at record breaking speed. A prime example is the recent acquisition of Palantir's Maven Smart System in under six months - a process that previously took up to two decades. A surging movement of digital insurgents within NATO is redefining what is achievable. The time for talk has ended; it is now an era of relentless execution and swift delivery of crucial capabilities to the warfighter. A landscape rewritten While the Alliance's core mission of collective defence enshrined in Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty remains sacrosanct, the strategic environment has undergone a seismic shift, demanding a fundamental reassessment of NATO's capabilities and operational posture. This is not your father's NATO. The comfortable certainties of the Cold War era, with its clearly defined adversary and predictable battlefields, have given way to a complex and fluid landscape characterised by resurgent great power competition, the weaponisation of information, the blurring lines between peace and war, and the rapid advance of technology transforming how wars are fought and won. As underscored by the 2022 Strategic Concept and the Deterrence and Defence of the Euro-Atlantic Area strategy, NATO faces a multitude of evolving threats, from state-sponsored aggression and terrorism to cyberattacks, hybrid warfare, and the disruptive potential of emerging technologies. These all converge to challenge the international rules-based order that underpins the security of NATO's nearly one billion citizens. This necessitates a renewed focus on deterrence and defence across all domains, including the increasingly critical digital sphere. The rise of artificial intelligence (AI), cloud computing, and other advanced technologies is not merely a technological evolution; it represents a revolution in military affairs, fundamentally altering the character of contemporary warfare. The analytic horsepower backing these technologies creates an unmatched acceleration within a decision cycle. This reality has spurred a top-down and bottom-up movement for change within Allied Command Operations, the Alliance's military instrument of power. Led by the Supreme Allied Commander Europe, Allied Command Operations is driving a transformation aligned with NATO's evolving strategy and plans, ushering in a renaissance in Allied operations. From within the ranks At the forefront of this effort is a nascent but increasingly influential bottom-up group of "digital insurgents," a cross-generational, multinational cohort of tech-savvy individuals. These insurgents are working to drive NATO's transition towards rapid and effective technology adoption, focused on warfighting and warfighters. This is not a nostalgic yearning for a romanticized past or empty slogans; it's about recognising the imperative for NATO to be more agile and lethal, leveraging the most powerful technologies available to maintain its strategic edge. The world's most powerful Alliance in history needs the most powerful tools to plan, operate, and fight. We, the authors, are active participants in this digital insurgency - we are Task Force Maven. On March 25, 2025, the NATO Communications and Information Agency (NCIA) and Palantir Technologies Inc. (Palantir) finalised the acquisition of the Maven Smart System for employment within the Alliance. Our task now is implementation and fostering an environment of speed, agility, and adaptability. Yet, this is not a story about a specific technology but one about NATO's people, culture, and the fight to keep pace with an accelerating future. Task Force Maven was for...

Marina Henke, Professor of International Relations at the Hertie School and Director of the Centre for International Security, an expert on nuclear security, military interventions and European defense policy, joins Dr. Katharina Emschermann, Deputy Director at the Centre for International Security, to talk about nuclear security. They discuss: • the Centre's newest research project “Understanding Nuclear Assurance, Deterrence and Escalation in Europe”, funded by the Stanton Foundation, • Marina Henke's research into the psychology of limited nuclear war, • nuclear weapons as signaling devices, • strategic in-stability, • arms control, and • the controversy over nuclear sharing in Germany.

Formosa: Fulcrum of the Future?An invasion of Taiwan is uncomfortably likely and potentially catastrophic. We should research better ways to avoid it. TLDR: I forecast that an invasion of Taiwan increases all the anthropogenic risks by ~1.5% (percentage points) of a catastrophe killing 10% or more of the population by 2100 (nuclear risk by 0.9%, AI + Biorisk by 0.6%). This would imply it constitutes a sizable share of the total catastrophic risk burden expected over the rest of this century by skilled and knowledgeable forecasters (8% of the total risk of 20% according to domain experts and 17% of the total risk of 9% according to superforecasters). I think this means that we should research ways to cost-effectively decrease the likelihood that China invades Taiwan. This could mean exploring the prospect of advocating that Taiwan increase its deterrence by investing in cheap but lethal weapons platforms [...] ---Outline:(00:13) Formosa: Fulcrum of the Future?(02:04) Part 0: Background(03:44) Part 1: Invasion -- uncomfortably possible.(08:33) Part 2: Why an invasion would be bad(10:27) 2.1 War and nuclear war(19:20) 2.2. The end of cooperation: AI and Bio-risk(22:44) 2.3 Appeasement or capitulation and the end of the liberal-led order: Value risk(26:04) Part 3: How to prevent a war(29:39) 3.1. Diplomacy: speaking softly(31:21) 3.2. Deterrence: carrying a big stick(34:16) Toy model of deterrence(37:58) Toy cost-effectiveness of deterrence(41:13) How to cost-effectively increase deterrence(43:30) Risks of a deterrence strategy(44:12) 3.3. What can be done?(44:42) How tractable is it to increase deterrence?(45:43) A theory of change for philanthropy increasing Taiwan's military deterrence(45:56) en-US-AvaMultilingualNeural__ Flow chart showing policy influence between think tanks and Taiwan security outcomes.(48:55) 4. Conclusion and further work(50:53) With more time(52:00) Bonus thoughts(52:09) 1. Reminder: a catastrophe killing 10% or more of humanity is pretty unprecedented(53:06) 2. Where's the Effective Altruist think tank for preventing global conflict?(54:11) 3. Does forecasting risks based on scenarios change our view on the likelihood of catastrophe?The original text contained 16 footnotes which were omitted from this narration. --- First published: June 15th, 2025 Source: https://forum.effectivealtruism.org/posts/qvzcmzPcR5mDEhqkz/an-invasion-of-taiwan-is-uncomfortably-likely-potentially --- Narrated by TYPE III AUDIO. ---Images from the article:Apple Podcasts and Spotify do not show images in the episode description. Try Pocket Casts, or another podcast app.

Partnering Will Determine the First Days of Conflict in the Western PacificResolute Dragon: Reassurance, Deterrence, and a Call for Coordination

PREVIEW: Colleague Peter Huessy of the National Institute for Deterrence Studies comments that the Golden Dome proposal changes the calculus for US adversaries such as PRC. More later. 1953

Why do we focus so much on tactics and so little on strategy? In this episode, Mike and Jim tackle the divide between street-level action and big-picture thinking. Drawing on lessons from policing, the military, and community crime prevention, they explore how individual cops, community members, and leaders can influence criminal decision-making—not just react to it. Topics include resource constraints, the Broken Windows theory, and strategies for shifting offender perceptions to prevent crime before it occurs.   Find us on social media (Facebook/Twitter/Instagram/YouTube) @TacTangents. You can join the conversation in our Facebook Discussion Group. Find all of our episodes, articles, some reading list ideas, and more on our website www.tacticaltangents.com Like what we're doing? Head over to Patreon and give us a buck for each new episode. You can also make a one-time contribution at GoFundMe. Intro music credit Bensound.com    

Annie Jacobsen, journalist and author of Nuclear War: A Scenario, joins the show to discuss nuclear weapons and their use. ▪️ Times      •      01:20 Introduction     •      02:50 Finding the music        •      07:02 Reporting      •      09:15 Hidden information     •      11:22 The scenario           •      13:50 Launch on warning     •      17:30 Villians           •      20:45 Annihilation         •      26:25 The Black Book      •      30:40 North Korea     •      34:03 Interception           •      37:42 ICBMs       •      43:39 Deterrence     •      49:29 Obama           •      52:50 Right to know       Follow along on Instagram, X @schoolofwarpod, and YouTube @SchoolofWarPodcast Find a transcript of today's episode on our School of War Substack

In this compelling episode, Dr. Ely Ratner, former U.S. Assistant Secretary of Defense for Indo-Pacific Security Affairs, sits down with Ray and Jim to discuss his provocative Foreign Affairs essay "The Case for a Pacific Defense Pact."Dr. Ratner argues that China's rapid military modernization and regional ambitions necessitate a fundamental shift from America's traditional "hub-and-spoke" bilateral alliance system to an integrated multilateral defense pact. His proposal centers on creating a collective defense arrangement between the U.S., Japan, Australia, and the Philippines—not a pan-regional "Asian NATO," but a focused alliance among strategically aligned nations.Unlike failed attempts in the 1950s-60s (SEATO), today's conditions are uniquely favorable. These four countries share unprecedented strategic alignment, advanced military capabilities, and growing intra-Asian cooperation. The Philippines has become "ground zero" for regional security, with China's illegal actions in the West Philippine Sea galvanizing allied support.Ratner tackles key criticisms head-on: Would Australia really fight over South China Sea disputes? He points to Australia's strategic awakening, with China conducting live-fire exercises requiring Australian airspace closures. Regarding U.S. reliability concerns, he notes that Indo-Pacific defense policy has remained consistent across administrations, unlike NATO rhetoric.The conversation explores practical hurdles, including Senate ratification requirements, domestic politics in allied nations, and the risk of provoking China. Ratner suggests much operational integration could proceed through executive agreements, building on existing frameworks like AUKUS and the Quad.A central theme addresses the tension between deterrence and provocation. Ratner argues that maintaining the status quo would embolden Chinese ambitions, making conflict more likely. While a formal alliance may raise short-term tensions, it's ultimately stabilizing by making aggression prohibitively costly.The discussion covers how ASEAN and India might respond. Ratner emphasizes the alliance would complement, not compete with, existing institutions. ASEAN would retain its convening role, while India could continue bilateral cooperation with the U.S. without joining the pact.Addressing Secretary Hegseth's push for increased allied defense spending, Ratner advocates a holistic view beyond just budget percentages—including access, basing rights, and operational contributions. He stresses the need for political space in allied capitals to justify deeper U.S. ties.Ratner describes 2021-2025 as a transitional period, moving from dialogue to unprecedented action. Recent initiatives have laid groundwork for deeper integration, with allies willing to take steps previously unimaginable.Key Takeaways:- China's military rise demands integrated allied response- Strategic alignment among U.S., Japan, Australia, Philippines is unprecedented- Collective defense would create mutual obligations beyond current bilateral treaties- Implementation faces political challenges but operational foundations already exist- Deterrence goal: prevent conflict by raising costs of aggressionDr. Ratner concludes that preventing Chinese regional hegemony requires "big ideas" and political heavy lifting. The window for action is now, before China achieves its revisionist ambitions.Follow Dr. Ratner's work at The Marathon Initiative

US Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth delivered an extremely hawkish speech in which he demonized China as a "threat" and said, "We are preparing for war". Ben Norton analyzes the top Trump admin official's aggressive remarks at the Shangri-La Dialogue 2025 summit. He explains the geopolitics of the Asia-Pacific region, and Washington's unsuccessful attempt to pressure countries to join its new cold war on Beijing. VIDEO: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kLOTTVI_LAA US defense secretary declared 'holy war' on China, left & Islam: https://geopoliticaleconomy.com/2025/03/07/us-defense-secretary-hegseth-overthrow-china-crusade/ Is war on China coming? The US military is seriously preparing: https://geopoliticaleconomy.com/2025/04/28/us-military-war-china-silicon-valley/ Topics 0:00 (CLIPS) US defense secretary speech 0:30 US military prepares for war 1:05 (CLIP) "We are preparing for war" 1:25 Trump admin's war threats 1:55 (CLIP) Trump "will never hesitate to" use force 2:13 (CLIP) "Deterrence" and war 2:24 Shangri-La Dialogue 2025 summit 2:41 Asia-Pacific region 3:59 (CLIP) USA is "here to stay" in "Indo-Pacific" 4:19 US empire seeks hegemony 4:50 (CLIP) Pentagon says China is a "threat" 5:11 Pete Hegseth, extremist US "crusader" 6:31 Myth of Chinese "hegemony" 7:24 (CLIP) Hegseth on China "threat" 8:01 China opposes hegemony 9:34 China doesn't want hegemony 10:33 US pressures Asia to cut ties with China 11:17 (CLIP) USA opposes "economic cooperation" 11:47 Taiwan 13:05 (CLIP) Hegseth on Taiwan 13:32 Hegseth's hawkish rhetoric 13:56 (CLIP) US "warfighters" and "warfighting" 14:31 US military budget of $1 trillion 14:40 (CLIP) Trump boosts US military spending 15:02 Military interventions 15:32 (CLIP) USA tells Asia: Join us against China 15:48 US divide-and-conquer strategy is failing 16:23 China, Japan, South Korea cooperate 16:47 Trump's tariff threats 17:25 RCEP trade deal 17:55 ASEAN-GCC-China summit 18:36 India 18:43 (CLIP) Hegseth on US-India partnership 19:00 India-China relations 20:24 Philippines volunteers to be Ukraine of Asia 21:21 US military bases and missiles in Philippines 21:51 Militarization of first island chain 22:48 Regional non-alignment 23:19 Philippines and Australia 24:40 Colonialist Monroe Doctrine 25:03 (CLIP) Hegseth threatens Panama Canal 25:31 US imperialism is bipartisan 26:03 Biden official praises Trump's China policy 27:02 Republicans vs Democrats 27:39 US empire says war is peace 28:32 (CLIP) USA doesn't seek encirclement? 28:45 US "grand encirclement plan" for China 29:34 Biden admin's China policy 30:02 (CLIP) Antony Blinken on China containment 30:15 Imperial hypocrisy 31:05 Cold War Two 31:54 Silicon Valley profits from war preparations 32:15 Outro

The Rich Zeoli Show- Hour 2: 4:05pm- From the Oval Office, President Donald Trump—alongside Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth—announced the development of a “Golden Dome” missile defense program. Trump estimates that the system will be fully operational by the time he leaves office. 4:30pm- Robert Peters—Senior Research Fellow for Strategic Deterrence in Heritage's Allison Center for National Security—joins The Rich Zeoli Show and offers reaction to the Trump Administration's “Golden Dome” missile defense project. Plus, he discusses his report, “A Missile Defense Review for the United States.” You can read the full report here: https://www.heritage.org/defense/report/missile-defense-review-the-united-states.

Today, Morgan and Andy break down President Trump's high-profile visit to the Middle East—his first foreign trip of the new administration. From lifting sanctions on Syria and announcing a $600 billion investment from Saudi Arabia to ongoing hostage negotiations and talks on Hamas, Iran, and regional security, the trip highlights Trump's economic-first approach to diplomacy.What are the real implications of lifting sanctions on Syria—and can the new Syrian leadership be trusted? Is the U.S. abandoning maximum pressure on Iran, or doubling down? And as China courts Middle Eastern nations, what role should America be playing in the region it keeps returning to?Check out the answers to these questions and more in this episode of Fault Lines.Follow our experts on Twitter: @morganlroach@AndyKeiserLike what we're doing here? Be sure to rate, review, and subscribe. And don't forget to follow @masonnatsec on Twitter!We are also on YouTube, and watch today's episode here: https://youtu.be/HLyhAdYOdyo Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Titan missile silos once surrounded the area, and from churches to plant nurseries, the remnants are everywhere.

Adam welcomes special guests, Aaron Holland and John Swegle as they discuss a recent article on the need for a new conventional triad to restore U.S. deterrence capabilities against China, particularly in the context of Taiwan. They explore the challenges of military procurement, the role of aircraft carriers, and the implications of nuclear weapons in deterrence strategy. They delve into Taiwan's defense strategies and the potential for a prolonged conflict if China were to invade.Get Involved with more NIDS Services: https://thinkdeterrence.com/Deterrence Education at NIDS https://thinkdeterrence.com/deterrence-education/ Like and follow us –LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/thinkdeterrence X.com: https://x.com/thinkdeterrence YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCyGa4dcPqONWzjmbuZMOBHQ Rumble: https://rumble.com/user/NIDSthinkdeterrence Global Security Review: https://globalsecurityreview.com Our Free Events: https://thinkdeterrence.com/events/

Recent events have solidified the Baltic Sea as an area of critical strategic importance. It serves as a vital maritime trading route, hosts considerable networks of Critical Undersea Infrastructure (CUI), and holds significant potential for the development of new sources of energy. As a result, it is also an area which is highly vulnerable to the increasingly prevalent threat of hybrid attacks – that is, attacks just below the threshold of kinetic warfare, which blur the lines between peace and conflict, such as the sabotage of critical infrastructure.

Send us a textWelcome to the April 29th Ones Ready Daily Drop — where Jared sifts through the bureaucratic swamp of DoD updates and gives you the brutally honest download your commander definitely won't.From a proposed Pentagon rebrand that sounds like it came straight from a Call of Duty menu (“War Department,” anyone?) to a grandma trying to sue the Navy to become a SEAL (yep, that's real), this one has it all.We're also unpacking the dumpster fire that is the commissary system ("now with modern grocery practices!" in 2025... wow), the murky legal dumpster of the Feres Doctrine, and why half of the Air Force lies to doctors just to stay on flight status. Add a side of Space Force launches, mental health stigma, Ukraine-Russia peace rumors, and a DUI case that'll punch you in the gut.All killer, no filler — unless you count the commissary aisle.

This podcast episode explores the critical topic of cultural responsiveness in behavior analytic practice, with a specific focus on understanding and addressing implicit biases that may affect service delivery. The discussion examines how unconscious racial biases and attitudes impact healthcare delivery broadly and connects these concepts specifically to behavior analytic services. The presentation advances knowledge of ethics by examining the ethical implications of cultural responsiveness and implicit bias in behavior analytic practice, helping behavior analysts fulfill their ethical obligation to provide culturally sensitive and equitable services to diverse populations. Participants will learn practical strategies for recognizing implicit bias, developing culturally responsive practices, and improving equitable service delivery in accordance with the Ethics Code for Behavior Analysts.  To earn CEUs for listening, click here, log in or sign up, pay the CEU fee, + take the attendance verification to generate your certificate! Don't forget to subscribe and follow and leave us a rating and review. Show Notes References: Jones, D. D. (2022). Examining the unconscious racial biases and attitudes of physicians, nurses, and the public: Implications for future health care education and practice. Health Equity, 6(1), 375-381.  Zaxbc, N. (n.d.). Swimming against the current: Why the BACB's DEI rollback move [LinkedIn article]. Retrieved from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/swimming-against-current-why-bacbs-dei-rollback-move-natalie-zaxbc  Resources: American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA). (n.d.). Cultural responsiveness. https://www.asha.org/practice-portal/professional-issues/cultural-responsiveness/  American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA). (n.d.). Cultural competence checklist: Service delivery. https://www.asha.org/siteassets/uploadedfiles/cultural-competence-checklist-service-delivery.pdf  American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA). (n.d.). Policies and procedures checklist. https://www.asha.org/siteassets/uploadedfiles/multicultural/policies-and-procedures-checklist.pdf  American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA). (n.d.). Culturally responsive practice checklist. https://www.asha.org/siteassets/uploadedfiles/multicultural/culturally-responsive-practice-checklist.pdf 

PRC: NUKES:  Peter Huessy, president of Geostrategic Analysis and a fellow at the National Institute for Deterrence Studies, @GORDONGCHANG, GATESTONE, NEWSWEEK, THE HILL 1937 JAPANESE WARSHIP

Adam, Curtis, and Jim discuss their top three wishes for improving the nuclear enterprise and national security as we move through 2025. Jim emphasizes the need for revitalizing the public's understanding of nuclear issues and workforce development. Curtis advocates for a cultural shift towards deterrence over defense and more effective deterrence projection, while Adam focuses on budget balancing and avoiding unnecessary wars. The conversation highlights the interconnectedness of these themes and the importance of a robust nuclear strategy.Get Involved with more NIDS Services: https://thinkdeterrence.com/ Deterrence Education at NIDS https://thinkdeterrence.com/deterrence-education/ Like and follow us – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/thinkdeterrence X.com: https://x.com/thinkdeterrence YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCyGa4dcPqONWzjmbuZMOBHQ Rumble: https://rumble.com/user/NIDSthinkdeterrence Global Security Review: https://globalsecurityreview.com/ X.com: https://x.com/security_wonk Our Free Events: https://thinkdeterrence.com/events/

U.S. Air Force Brigadier General Lee Hartley, the assistant adjutant general for the Tennessee Air National Guard, delivers a message to airmen at the 118th Wing in Nashville, TN, on April 5, 2025. The purpose of his visit was to reinforce embracing the warrior ethos mindset as we continue to collaborate, not only domestically, but on the international level, to defend our homeland. Wearing MOPP (Mission-Oriented Protective Posture) gear as the symbol of the Tennessee Air National Guard's commitment to camaraderie, purpose, and the mission set that defines who we are, Hartley said that “we need to be exceptional at adapting fast … we need to be pretty good at going places and figuring it out quickly.” Upholding high standards of excellence to ensure mission success is what drives our ability to pivot and execute. “In our culture, what we encourage when we talk about the expeditionary mindset is commander's intent, and you solve it”, he continues. “We are really good at that.” In an era of increased global volatility and emerging threats, deterrence, readiness and the need to remain agile is paramount. “I have yet to see a top-down solution that will beat grassroots effort when it comes to solving a problem”, he said. “Our airmen are empowered to come up with solutions to the problems they have. All the attention to details and standards that go along with this goes a long way.” Hartley's message resonated with airmen, reinforcing our core values to push us to succeed in future operations. In short: Wherever the mission, we're always prepared to face it - no matter the environment. (U.S. Air National Guard video by Staff Sgt. Yonette)

Adam, Curtis, and Jim discuss the escalating threats from North Korea under Kim Jong Un, the historical context of North Korea's relations with South Korea, Japan, and the United States, and the implications of nuclear weapons in the region. They explore the dynamics of international alliances, particularly the relationship between North Korea and Russia, and the challenges of diplomacy in maintaining regional stability.Brought to you by the National Institute for Deterrence Studies (NIDS) https://thinkdeterrence.com/ https://globalsecurityreview.com/Get Involved with more of NIDS Services. https://thinkdeterrence.com/outreach/Deterrence Education at NIDS Education - Hosted by the National Institute for Deterrence StudiesSocial Media: LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/thinkdeterrenceX.com: https://x.com/thinkdeterrenceYouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@thinkdeterrenceRumble: https://rumble.com/user/NIDSthinkdeterrenceGlobal Security Review LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/globalsecurityreview X.com: https://x.com/security_wonkOur Free Events: https://thinkdeterrence.com/events/

In this Future Series episode, Kris Osborn and Captain William Ostendorff discuss the critical aspects of nuclear deterrence, focusing on warhead modernization, technological advancements, and the importance of reliability in nuclear weapons. Captain Ostendorff shares insights from his extensive experience in the Navy and his roles in various nuclear security programs, emphasizing the complexities of today's geopolitical landscape and the need for a robust nuclear strategy. The discussion also highlights the role of digital engineering and advanced computing in enhancing weapon performance and reliability, as well as the integration of non-nuclear components in nuclear systems.Captain William Ostendorff served as Principal Deputy Administrator of the National Nuclear Security Administration from 2007 to 2009 and as a commissioner of the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission from 2010 to 2016.Captain Ostendorff is an advisory council member for the Institute for Nuclear Power Operations, a member of the Board of Directors for Information Systems Laboratories, Chairman of the Energy Solutions Decommissioning Nuclear Safety Review Board for Three Mile Island Unit 2, Independent Manager on the Board of Global Laser Enrichment LLC and Co-Chair of the Committee of Risk of Nuclear War and Nuclear Terrorism of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine.He graduated the U.S. Naval Academy with a Bachelor of Science in systems engineering and was an officer in the U.S. Navy from 1976 until his retirement in 2002. During his naval career, he served as Commanding Officer of the USS Norfolk, Director of the Submarine Force Commanding Officer School, Commander of Submarine Squadron Six and finally Director of the U.S. Naval Academy Math and Science Division. He returned to the Naval Academy as Distinguished Visiting Professor of National Security from 2016 to 2021.As counsel for the House Armed Services Committee from 2003 to 2007, Captain Ostendorff was staff director of the Strategic Forces Subcommittee, with oversight responsibilities for the Department of Energy's Atomic Energy Defense Activities and the Department of Defense's Missile Defense, Space and Intelligence Programs which totaled more than $50 billion in the annual defense authorization bill. He also worked as Director of the Committee on Science, Engineering and Public Policy and Director of the Board on Global Science and Technology from 2009 to 2010 and research staff member for Institute for Defense Analyses from 2002 to 2003.Socials:Follow on Twitter at @NucleCastFollow on LinkedIn: https://linkedin.com/company/nuclecastpodcastSubscribe RSS Feed: https://rss.com/podcasts/nuclecast-podcast/Rate: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/nuclecast/id1644921278Email comments and topic/guest suggestions to NucleCast@anwadeter.org

This week, we talk about changes at Nike, where the sportswear giant is reducing its reliance on products like the Dunk and trying to reclaim some of its lost market share. Later, we discuss the many indicators that the U.S. is headed toward a recession, as well as the impacts that the Trump administration's aggressive deterrence of immigration and travel to the U.S. will have on the fashion industry.

The Cognitive Crucible is a forum that presents different perspectives and emerging thought leadership related to the information environment. The opinions expressed by guests are their own, and do not necessarily reflect the views of or endorsement by the Information Professionals Association. During this episode, Dr. Josh “Bugsy” Segal asks the provocative question: Are We Losing the War? Josh discusses the importance of understanding the impact of the nation's investments in soft power assets and programs, emphasizing the need for a strategic approach and a broader national security context. He expresses concerns about the challenges in reaching the desired audience for information operations and the need for the US to adapt and innovate in the face of increasing influence from China and Russia. Lastly, the discussion touches on the current administration's agenda of cutting costs, the threat posed by adversaries, and the importance of nurturing relationships–particularly in the context of disinformation and subversive narratives. Recording Date: 19 Feb 2025 Resources: Cognitive Crucible Podcast Episodes Mentioned #213 Sviatoslav Hnizdovskyi on Countering Authoritarian Influence #192 Josh "Bugsy" Segal on the American Maginot Line #124 Dean Cheng on China, Space, and Information Operations #24 John Davis on Modern Warfare, Teamwork, and Commercial Cognitive Security Deft9 Solutions Russia's GRU Unit 29155 The DOGE website Link to full show notes and resources Guest Bio:  Dr. Joshua “Bugsy” Segal is the Co-Founder & Vice President for Strategy and Innovation at Deft9 Solutions. A veteran of over 30 years in national security policy, strategy and operations, and intelligence, both military and civilian, Dr. Segal is an internationally recognized expert in arms control, countering foreign malign influence, and counter-WMD. Dr. Segal spent over a decade as a member of U.S. multilateral arms control delegations in Geneva, Vienna, and The Hague, including the negotiations to finalize the 1993 Chemical Weapons Convention and establish the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons. After leaving the federal government and then retiring from the military, Dr. Segal serves as an advisor to senior DoD leaders on operations in the information environment and teaches OSINT tradecraft. About: The Information Professionals Association (IPA) is a non-profit organization dedicated to exploring the role of information activities, such as influence and cognitive security, within the national security sector and helping to bridge the divide between operations and research. Its goal is to increase interdisciplinary collaboration between scholars and practitioners and policymakers with an interest in this domain. For more information, please contact us at communications@information-professionals.org. Or, connect directly with The Cognitive Crucible podcast host, John Bicknell, on LinkedIn. Disclosure: As an Amazon Associate, 1) IPA earns from qualifying purchases, 2) IPA gets commissions for purchases made through links in this post.

This Week’s SPECIAL on the United Nations Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons – Third Meeting of States Parties March 2-7, 2025 Posing with the iconic gun sculpture in front of UN headquarteers in New York. The Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) held its Third Meeting of States Parties (3MSP) at...

Today, Martha, Les, Morgan, and Jess discuss the latest U.S. strikes on the Houthis in Yemen and whether they will effectively stop further attacks on shipping in the Red Sea. The Houthis, backed by Iran, have been disrupting maritime operations in the region for 17 months—but will this action truly restore deterrence?Is this about targeting the Houthis, or is it really a move against Iran? With Trump designating the Houthis as a terrorist organization and signaling maximum pressure to Tehran, how does this fit into his broader strategy for the Middle East? And, more broadly, as the Houthis continue attacking Western ships while sparing Chinese vessels, where exactly does Beijing stand in this conflict?Check out the answers to these questions and more in this episode of Fault Lines.Check out the sources that helped shape our Fellows' discussion: https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/5196769-vance-musk-doge-federal-workforce-mistakes/https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/in-yemen-strikes-trump-takes-on-a-group-that-has-outlasted-powerful-foes-70ef7b3d?mod=hp_lead_pos8https://abcnews.go.com/International/iranian-general-raises-prospect-response-amid-us-strikes/story?id=119847045Follow our experts on Twitter: @lestermunson@marthamillerdc@NotTVJessJones @morganlroachLike what we're doing here? Be sure to rate, review, and subscribe. And don't forget to follow @masonnatsec on Twitter!We are also on YouTube, and watch today's episode here: https://youtu.be/o0Cds_L7F1o Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This is a free preview of a paid episode. To hear more, visit www.public.newsFor many decades after World War II, fears of nuclear war eclipsed all other fears, including overpopulation, climate change, and asteroids. Thousands of Hollywood movies, documentaries, and books raised the alarm. Images of devastation from Hiroshima and Nagasaki and deathly images of mushroom clouds from thermonuclear tests in the South Pacific and the Western United States made nuclear apocalypse seem like a probable outcome of continuing human progress.And yet the nuclear apocalypse never arrived. The United States and Russia have reduced their nuclear arsenals. The number of nuclear-armed nations grew only to nine, which is a fraction of the dozens of nations President John F. Kennedy and others in the foreign policy establishment had feared in the early 1960s. “The atomic bomb was designed to bomb the world to peace,” said Marco Visscher, the author of a dazzling new book, The Power of Nuclear. “Not to pieces, but to peace. Deterrence seems to have worked fairly well. We should be honest that this nuclear war that many people expected in the 1960s didn't come about.”

Dr. Thérèse Scarpelli Cory is the Director of the Jacques Maritain Center and its associated History of Philosophy Forum. Her work is on medieval theories of mind, cognition, and personhood, with special focus on the thought of Thomas Aquinas and his thirteenth-century interlocutors.She is the John and Jean Oesterle Associate Professor of Thomistic Studies at the University of Notre Dame and is a member of the Pontifical Academy of St. Thomas Aquinas.Today we're talking about a piece she published in January of 2024 in the Church Life Journal from the McGrath Institute for Church Life at the University of Notre Dame entitled Migrants and the Unborn: A Culture of Life Versus a Culture of Deterrence.

Dr. Thérèse Scarpelli Cory is the Director of the Jacques Maritain Center and its associated History of Philosophy Forum. Her work is on medieval theories of mind, cognition, and personhood, with special focus on the thought of Thomas Aquinas and his thirteenth-century interlocutors. She is the John and Jean Oesterle Associate Professor of Thomistic Studies at the University of Notre Dame and is a member of the Pontifical Academy of St. Thomas Aquinas. Today we're talking about a piece she published in January of 2024 in the Church Life Journal from the McGrath Institute for Church Life at the University of Notre Dame entitled Migrants and the Unborn: A Culture of Life Versus a Culture of Deterrence.

Retired Lt. Gen. E. John Deedrick served as the final commander of the Combined Security Transition Command –Afghanistan (CSTC-A). He also held the position of Deputy Chief of Staff for Security Assistance (DCOS SA) at the Headquarters of Resolute Support; the NATO mission in Afghanistan. He was the United States Military Representative to NATO and commanded 1st Special Forces Command. The Jedburgh Podcast, the Jedburgh Media Channel and the Green Beret Foundation are proud to announce our partnership with the University of Health and Performance outside of Bentonville, Arkansas. To kick off our combined investment in the development of our Special Operators post service, Fran Racioppi sat down with Lt. Gen. Deedrick to discuss his take on the Army today, where it came from and where it's going. As one of the last senior leaders in Afghanistan he gave his honest assessment of the withdrawal, the impact leave has on our allies and Special Forces Operators, and what the void left has done for the Taliban and American national security. They also discuss the importance of our allies, why NATO works, and how Special Operations has evolved to fight unconventional warfare, counter-insurgency and counter-terrorism in the Grey Zone through integrated deterrence.Finally, they talk about the effect of politics on our military and why our leaders all want the same goal, but have different paths to get there. Watch, listen or read our conversation from the UHP. Don't miss our full Veterans Day coverage from UHP. Follow the Jedburgh Podcast and the Green Beret Foundation on social media. Listen on your favorite podcast platform, read on our website, and watch the full video version on YouTube as we show why America must continue to lead from the front, no matter the challenge.HIGHLIGHTS0:00 Introduction2:23 Welcome to University of Health and Performance5:02 Why did we leave Afghanistan8:02 Did we abandon our Afghan partners11:04 Withdrawal Effect13:24 The Taliban and Al-Qaeda15:22 Enabling Iran16:59 NATO's importance22:30 NATO vs Russia28:38 The Ukraine conflict today32:30 North Korea's involvement34:12 What makes a Green Beret different?38:24 Changes to the ODA41:14 Is China the next fight?45:51 Politicizing the military48:02 US forces deployed across America49:38 Lt. Gen. Deedrick's Sergeant51:53 Daily HabitsQUOTES04:10 “It was a pretty low cost to keep an eye on Al-Qaeda. And also off chutes that are as dangerous.”13:23 “I hope we aren't paying them not to attack us”17:49 “Nobody freelances at NATO. NATO is an expression of the sovereign will of their capitals.”26:30 “Don't start a shooting war with Russia. I mean the two nuclear powers”29:10 “When you are so reliant on other nations for your supply chains, you put yourself at risk.”31:09 “You've got to go to North Korea to get weapons and soldiers. That's just sad.”45:20 “The most difficult fight would be China, so I think you have to use that as your pacing item and optimize your fight for that.”45:52 “Lethality on the battlefield is critical.”50:23 “What I would love to see is less personality and more policy.”52:53 “It is a really bad idea to use the active duty US Military in a domestic capability.”The Jedburgh Podcast and the Jedburgh Media Channel are an official program of The Green Beret Foundation.The opinions presented on the The Jedburgh Podcast and the Jedburgh Media Channel are the opinions of my guests and myself. They do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the Green Beret Foundation and the Green Beret Foundation assumes no liability for their accuracy, nor does Green Beret Foundation endorse any political candidate or any political party.

This week we are discussing a smashingly successful air attack conducted by the Empire of Japan in December 1941 (but not that one).Jump to around 14:30 to get right to the actionSources:Bell, Christopher M. “The ‘Singapore Strategy' and the Deterrence of Japan: Winston Churchill, the Admiralty and the Dispatch of Force Z.” The English Historical Review, vol. 116, no. 467, Jun 2001, pp. 604 - 634.Garzke, William H., Robert O. Dulin, and Kevin V. Denlay. "Death of a Battleship: The Loss of HMS Prince of Wales, December 10, 1941 - A Marine Forensic Analysis of the Sinking." 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20220327195109/https://pacificwrecks.com/ships/hms/prince_of_wales/death-of-a-battleship-2012-update.pdfToll, Ian W. Twilight of the Gods: War in the Western Pacific, 1944 - 1945. Norton, 2020.Support the show

I discuss some takes on the ongoing misdirection in war and how one headline doesn't stay fresh for very long.  I also bring up the Reece Committee, a Select Committee that Investigated Tax-Exempt Foundations and Comparable Organizations between 1952 and 1954, and how it uncovered the education system as a communistic/jewish brainwashing program.  I also describe current cases of money shifting away from public schools to other alternatives; and I bring up a case report of a man who suffered greatly from the Pfizer COVID shots. https://rumble.com/v2yfloi-g.-edward-griffin-interviews-norman-dodds-on-the-reece-committee-1981.html   Book Websites:  https://www.moneytreepublishing.com PROMO CODE: “AEFM” for 10% OFF https://armreg.co.uk  PROMO CODE: "americaneducationfm" for 15% off all books and products.  (I receive no kickbacks).

#NUKES: Costs. Pause. Peter Huessy, president of Geostrategic Analysis and a fellow at the National Institute for Deterrence Studies, @GordonGChang, Gatestone, Newsweek, The Hill https://www.airandspaceforces.com/air-force-orders-halt-some-work-sentinel-icbm/   UNDATED

On this episode of the podcast, Robert B. Charles, former Assistant Secretary of State, breaks down President Donald Trump's 25% steel and aluminum tariffs, explaining how they aim to revitalize American manufacturing, generate foreign revenue and combat illegal immigration and fentanyl trafficking from China, Mexico and Canada. Charles exposes China's 600 fentanyl manufacturers and Mexico's military efforts to curb the crisis. Charles further explores how tariffs could offset income tax revenue but stresses the urgent need for spending cuts. Furthermore, Charles praises Secretary of State Marco Rubio's strong foreign policy stance and calls for major reforms to USAID. Lastly, he shares powerful stories from his new book, “Cherish America” which highlights courage and resilience. You can purchase his new book on Amazon.com.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Mike hosts Michèle Flournoy, Co-Founder and Managing Partner of WestExec Advisors. She is also former Co-Founder and Chief Executive Officer of the Center for a New American Security (CNAS), where she currently serves as Chair of the Board of Directors. Prior to that she served as the as the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy during former President Obama's first term in office from 2009-2012. They discuss deterrence and developments in the Indo-Pacific.

DeTerrence Allen, a dedicated behavior scientist, comes from a family of Board-Certified Behavior Analysts, including his wife. His passion for ABA is rooted in a heartwarming “love story” for the field. A dynamic speaker, DeTerrence recently delivered an inspiring talk on soft skills at the Black Men of Behavior Analysis Conference.So, what are soft skills? DeTerrence highlights critical communication skills rooted in kindness and respect, understanding the function behind your words, and ensuring you've built rapport with those you engage with. Soft skills are essential for effective collaboration and creating meaningful change.Passing the BCBA exam is just the beginning. DeTerrence emphasizes the importance of continuing to learn and refine your approach. For new BCBAs, he advises seeking out supportive supervisors and mentors, building a professional network, and having regular discussions with colleagues. ABA also needs to be thoughtfully defined across different contexts, as its application varies.To connect with DeTerrence Allen and learn more about soft skills and professional growth in ABA, visit his LinkedIn profile. He's passionate about supporting clinicians in their development and helping them thrive in the field.#autism #speectherapyWhat's Inside:What are soft skills?The importance of building rapport for communication.How new BCBAs can increase soft skills.Mentioned In This Episode:DeTerrence Allen on LinkedInABA Speech: HomeJoin the aba speech connection membership Eye-Opening Moments PodcastEye-Opening Moments are stories of adversity, encounters, and perspectives. They are...Listen on: Apple Podcasts Spotify

Join Victor Davis Hanson and cohost Jack Fowler to talk about Marco Rubio as Secretary of State, US sovereignty, Harris-Biden admin and the sympathetic worldview, the necessity of deterrence, France pre-WWII, the unimpressive modern elite, GenZ lacking life skills, Israel and necessity, Gazans knew Hamas, and euthanasia in Canada.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Sources:As Nationwide Fraud Losses Top $10 Billion in 2023, FTC Steps Up Efforts to Protect the Public. (2024, February 9). Federal Trade Commission. https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/02/nationwide-fraud-losses-top-10-billion-2023-ftc-steps-efforts-protect-publicBBB Tip: 10 steps to avoid scams. (2024, June 21). Better Business Bureau. https://www.bbb.org/article/tips/8767-bbb-tips-10-steps-to-avoid-scamsThe Latest Scams You Need to Be Aware of in 2024, By DeNicola, L. (2023, December 30). https://www.experian.com/blogs/ask-experian/the-latest-scams-you-need-to-aware-of/​​Empowering Fraud Fighters. (n.d.). Financial Industry Regulatory Authority Foundation. https://www.finrafoundation.org/networks-we-strengthen/fighting-fraudInternet Crime Report 2023 by The Federal Bureau of Investigations. (2024). In Internet Crime Complaint Center. https://www.ic3.gov/Media/PDF/AnnualReport/2023_IC3Report.pdf National Center for Victims of Crime, Financial Crime Resource Center: https://victimsofcrime.org/financial-crime-resource-center/ Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, FinCEN Resource Center: https://www.fincen.gov/fincen-resource-centerFletcher, E. (2023, October 6). Social Media. Federal Trade Commission. https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/data-visualizations/data-spotlight/2023/10/social-media-golden-goose-scammersIdentity Fraud Cost Americans $43 Billion in 2023. (2024, April 10). American Association of Retired People. https://www.aarp.org/money/scams-fraud/info-2024/identity-fraud-report.htmlIs Fraud Always a Federal Crime? (2024, March 20). Stechschulte Nell. https://www.tpatrialattorneys.com/fraud-always-federal-crime/Criminal Consumer Fraud, Must the Goals of Deterrence and Compensation Be Mutually Exclusive? By The American Journal of Criminal Law, Kirschner, N. M. (1979). https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/criminal-consumer-fraud-must-goals-deterrence-and-compensation-beRecovering From Online Fraud. National Crime Victim Law Institute: https://ncvli.org/recovering-from-financial-fraud-and-identity-theft-services-for-victims/#:~:text=%E2%80%93Identity%20Theft%20Resource%20Center%20What Are Some Common Types of Scams? (2024, March 13). Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. https://www.consumerfinance.gov/ask-cfpb/what-are-some-common-types-of-scams-en-2092/Resources:FBI Internet Complaint Center: https://www.ic3.gov/FBI Tip Center: http://tips.fbi.govBBB Scam Risk Calculator: https://www.bbb.org/all/scam-prevention/risk-calculatorCybercrime Support Network: https://fightcybercrime.org/Identity Theft Resource Center: https://www.idtheftcenter.org/Financial Industry Regulatory Authority: https://www.finra.org/Report Fraud to the Federal Trade Commission: https://reportfraud.ftc.gov/For additional resources and a list of related non-profit organizations, please visit http://www.somethingwaswrong.com/resourcesFollow Something Was Wrong:Website: somethingwaswrong.com IG: instagram.com/somethingwaswrongpodcastTikTok: tiktok.com/@somethingwaswrongpodcast Follow Tiffany Reese:Website: tiffanyreese.me IG: http://www.instagram.com/lookieboo The Data Points cover art is by the Amazing Sara Stewart. See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Dakota Cary, Strategic Advisory Consultant at SentinelOne, joins Lawfare Senior Editor Eugenia Lostri, to discuss his article on U.S. attempts to deter Chinese hacking group Volt Typhoon. They talk about why Volt Typhoon won't stop its intrusions against critical infrastructure, whether other hacking groups can be deterred, and where we should focus our attention to counter malicious activity.Materials discussed during the episode:"Exploring Chinese Thinking on Deterrence in the Not-So-New Space and Cyber Domains," by Nathan Beauchamp-MustafagaFinal Report of the Defense Science Board (DSB) Task Force on Cyber Deterrence, February 2017The Atlantic Council report, "Adapting US strategy to account for China's transformation into a peer nuclear power," by David O. Shullman, John K. Culver, Kitsch Liao, and Samantha WongTo receive ad-free podcasts, become a Lawfare Material Supporter at www.patreon.com/lawfare. You can also support Lawfare by making a one-time donation at https://givebutter.com/c/trumptrials.Support this show http://supporter.acast.com/lawfare. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.