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Émission du 23 avril 2025 (00:00) - Le générique d'ouverture(01:04) - Le sommaire(03:15) - News Dans cette 30ème émission de l'année : (16:54) - "Sinners" de Ryan Coogler(32:58) - "Le Mélange des genres" de Michel Leclerc(46:00) - "Oxana" de Charlène Favier(54:35) - L'interview : Charlène Favier, réalisatrice de "Oxana"(1:27:46) - "Bop To The Top !" (1:31:38) - Quiz "Quand un-e acteur-ice joue plusieurs personnages dans le même film" (1:41:25) - Les Recos de l'équipe (1:45:11) - Le générique de fin Nos recos de la semaine ⤵️La série de vidéo "Minecraft Manhunt" de Dream : • Minecraft ManhuntLe podcast "Si c'est vrai, c'est très grave" de Kharif et Tunis Hilton : https://open.spotify.com/show/1fpMETB...La filmographie de Mike Leigh : https://fr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_...La saison 2 de "Doctor Who" de Russell T Davies, Phil Collinson et et Julie Gardner : https://www.disneyplus.com/fr-fr/brow...La série "La Résidence" de Paul Williams Davies : https://www.netflix.com/title/81005297 Retrouvez The Cinema Show sur ⤵️Facebook : / rcmcinemashowInstagram : / thecinemashow_rcmTwitter : / thecinemashow1
EL TERCER OJO con Eduardo Favier Dubois y Oscar Cesaretti 4-6-2025.mp3
EL TERCER OJO con Eduardo Favier Dubois y Oscar Cesaretti 28-5-2025.mp3
EL TERCER OJO con Eduardo Favier Dubois y Oscar Cesaretti 14-5-2025
EL TERCER OJO con Eduardo Favier Dubois y Oscar Cesaretti 7-5-2025
Notre invitée est la réalisatrice Charlène Favier pour son film "Oxana", qui sort ce mercredi 7 mai. Ukraine, 2008. La jeune Oxana Chatchko et son groupe d'amies multiplient les actions spectaculaires : seins nus, slogans peints sur le corps, couronnes de fleurs dans les cheveux, elles dénoncent tour à tour l'industrie de la prostitution, les violences policières, les politiciens pro-russes… C'est la naissance d'un des mouvements les plus importants du XXIe siècle : FEMEN. Réfugiée politique, artiste, activiste, « sextrémiste » … Oxana franchira les frontières et militera sans relâche pour les droits des femmes et la liberté d'expression, jusqu'à risquer sa propre vie. Merci pour votre écoute Entrez sans Frapper c'est également en direct tous les jours de la semaine de 16h à 17h30 sur www.rtbf.be/lapremiere Retrouvez l'ensemble des épisodes et les émission en version intégrale (avec la musique donc) de Entrez sans Frapper sur notre plateforme Auvio.be : https://auvio.rtbf.be/emission/8521 Abonnez-vous également à la partie "Bagarre dans la discothèque" en suivant ce lien: https://audmns.com/HSfAmLDEt si vous avez apprécié ce podcast, n'hésitez pas à nous donner des étoiles ou des commentaires, cela nous aide à le faire connaître plus largement. Vous pourriez également apprécier ces autres podcasts issus de notre large catalogue: Le voyage du Stradivarius Feuermann : https://audmns.com/rxPHqEENoir Jaune Rouge - Belgian Crime Story : https://feeds.audiomeans.fr/feed/6e3f3e0e-6d9e-4da7-99d5-f8c0833912c5.xmlLes Petits Papiers : https://audmns.com/tHQpfAm Des rencontres inspirantes avec des artistes de tous horizons. Galaxie BD: https://audmns.com/nyJXESu Notre podcast hebdomadaire autour du 9ème art.Nom: Van Hamme, Profession: Scénariste : https://audmns.com/ZAoAJZF Notre série à propos du créateur de XII et Thorgal. Franquin par Franquin : https://audmns.com/NjMxxMg Ecoutez la voix du créateur de Gaston (et de tant d'autres...) Distribué par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.
EL TERCER OJO con Eduardo Favier Dubois y Oscar Cesaretti 30-4-2025
durée : 00:06:15 - Oxana" de Charlène Favier
Après son film "Slalom", Charlène Favier revient avec "Oxana", un biopic sur Oksana Chatchko, artiste, activiste, réfugiée politique ukrainienne et lʹune des fondatrices du mouvement Femen. Une plongée dans la vie de cette jeune femme au destin héroïque et tragique. " Oxana " dans les salles romandes dès le 30 avril Charlène Favier est lʹinvitée dʹAnne Laure Gannac
EL TERCER OJO con Eduardo Favier Dubois y Oscar Cesaretti 23-4-2025
EL TERCER OJO con Eduardo Favier Dubois y Oscar Cesaretti 16-4-2025
durée : 00:28:40 - Les Midis de Culture - par : Marie Labory - Après son film "Slalom", Charlène Favier revient avec "Oxana", un biopic sur Oksana Chatchko, artiste, activiste, réfugiée politique ukrainienne et l'une des fondatrices du mouvement Femen. Une plongée contemporaine et féministe dans ce mouvement de contestation. - réalisation : Laurence Malonda - invités : Charlène Favier Cinéaste
EL TERCER OJO con Eduardo Favier Dubois y Oscar Cesaretti 2-4-2025
EL TERCER OJO con Eduardo Favier Dubois y Oscar Cesaretti 26-3-2025
EL TERCER OJO con Eduardo Favier Dubois y Oscar Cesaretti 12-3-2025
Adrian Ramsay est "oreille d'or" à bord d'un sous-marin nucléaire de la Royal Navy. Isolée du reste du monde, la jeune femme est chargée d'écouter et d'identifier les bruits des profondeurs. Jusqu'au jour où, elle rencontre Abel Lorca. Il est aveugle et vit dans une maison loin de tout, au bord de la mer, en Bretagne. Une passion dévorante va nʹêtre de cette rencontre. Emmanuelle Favier offre une œuvre où le calme des profondeurs contraste avec les tempêtes des passions humaines. "Ecouter les eaux vives" Ed. Albin Michel en libraire depuis le 2 janvier Emmanuelle Favier est lʹinvitée de Pierre Philippe Cadert
EL TERCER OJO con Eduardo Favier Dubois y Oscar Cesaretti 26-2-2025
EL TERCER OJO con Eduardo Favier Dubois y Oscar Cesaretti 5-2-2025
Dans Allo Jordy aujourd'hui, j'ai le plaisir de recevoir Justine Favier-Perrin, éducatrice spécialisée en protection de l'enfance dans un foyer héraultais. Depuis plusieurs années, Justine accompagne des ados de 14 à 18 ans qui évoluent dans un contexte familial et personnel difficile. Au-delà de ces problématiques quotidiennes se pose la question de l'éducation à la vie intime et sexuelle. Comment accompagner des jeunes qui souffrent de carences affectives ? Comment les sensibiliser à la vie intime alors que les structures ne mettent aucune solution en place et que l'Etat ne semble pas prendre le problème à bras le corps ? Entre adaptation permanente et idées brillantes, Justine nous partage son parcours, son analyse et ses réflexions à travers un épisode touchant et sans tabous. ----------- Si tu as apprécié cet épisode, n'hésite pas à laisser une note 5 étoiles ⭐️ pour le podcast (cœur sur toi si tu prends le temps de le faire). Pour en apprendre plus sur la sexualité et les relations, je t'invite également à me rejoindre sur ma page Instagram : @jordy.oumira !
Jean-Marie Bordry et Gilles Ganzmann reçoivent Djamel Mazi, journaliste et Léo Favier, Réalisateur pour l'émission du 18 décembre 2024
EL TERCER OJO con Eduardo Favier Dubois y Oscar Cesaretti 18-12-2024
Standing Out: A Daily Podcast About Sales, Marketing and Leadership
What happens when innovative tech leadership meets expected trends in 2025? Find out in our latest conversation with Dawn Salvucci-Favier, CEO of Greenscreens.ai.Trey Griggs and Dawn Salvucci-Favier chat about team dynamics and industry evolution. Building a tech team that's diverse and empathetic is more than a strategy—it's a mission, and Dawn shares insights on avoiding echo chambers and the magic of customer testimonials. With tech investments rising, we see a positive shift in market sentiment, reminiscent of pre-pandemic excitement.Thank you to our sponsor, Salesdash CRM – A CRM for Freight Logistics. Salesdash CRM is built for freight broker & agent sales teams. Manage your shipper prospecting and follow-ups. Organize your carriers and the lanes they run. Learn more at www.betaconsultinggroup.com/standing-out Standing Out is a sales, marketing & leadership podcast powered by BETA Consulting Group, created to highlight best practices from industry leaders with incredible experience and insights! The goal is to entertain, educate & inspire individuals & companies to improve their sales, marketing & leadership development outcomes.
Dans les incertitudes de l'ère post-Assad, c'est l'une des menaces qui inquiète au plus haut point les chancelleries occidentales : même si L'EI n'est plus que l'ombre d'elle-même en Syrie, terrée en petites cellules combattantes dans l'est du pays, loin, très loin de la puissance du « califat », qu'elle avait installée entre 2014 et 2019. Pour autant, ses capacités de nuisance demeurent, et la difficile transition qui s'annonce en Syrie, après 13 ans de guerre civile, pourrait lui permettre de se replacer, profitant d'un potentiel chaos pour tenter de regagner des territoires et faire libérer ses combattants emprisonnés en zone kurde. Avec : - Agnès Favier, professeure et chercheuse à l'Institut européen de Florence, directrice du programme Wartime and Post-Conflict in Syria (WPCS) de Middle East directions - David Rigoulet Roze, chercheur à l'Institut Français d'Analyse Stratégique (IFAS) et chercheur associé à l'IRIS. Rédacteur en chef de la revue Orients Stratégiques, auteur de La République islamique d'Iran en crise systémique (L'Harmattan).
EL TERCER OJO con Eduardo Favier Dubois y Oscar Cesaretti 11-12-2024
durée : 00:28:06 - Les Nuits de France Culture - par : Christine Goémé - Par Françoise Favier et Denise Alberti - réalisation : Virginie Mourthé - invités : Brigitte Jaques-Wajeman Metteur en scène et enseignante à l'ENS
Dans cette deuxième partie de la table ronde "Pros du soin contre le système", Selma Sardouk et Anne Favier, co-créatrices de La Pilule Rouge, partagent leur vision et leur pédagogie uniques pour accompagner la déconstruction et la reconstruction des pratiques professionnelles dans le monde de l'accompagnement.Elles évoquent également leurs rêves pour l'avenir de La Pilule Rouge, et les transformations qu'elles souhaitent voir dans le monde de l'accompagnement. La session se termine par un court échange enrichissant avec le public.
EL TERCER OJO con Eduardo Favier Dubois y Oscar Cesaretti 27-11-2024
Dans cette première partie de la table ronde "Pros du soin contre le système", Selma Sardouk et Anne Favier, co-créatrices de La Pilule Rouge, reviennent sur les origines et les fondations de cet espace de formation décolonial. Pourquoi ont-elles créé cet espace ? À quels besoins répond-il ? Quels sont les piliers philosophiques et politiques qui le soutiennent ?Cet épisode explore également les premiers impacts de cet espace sur les accompagnant·es qui s'y engagent, et les transformations déjà visibles dans leurs pratiques.
DIMANCHE 06 OCTOBRE 2024 Benoît Favier - EurocaveLeader mondial des caves à vin haut de gamme, Eurocave révolutionne le marché avec le lancement de sa nouvelle marque, Goguette. Inspiré par les anciennes sociétés festives et chantantes, Goguette incarne l'esprit de convivialité et de partage. Conçue pour les amateurs de bons moments, cette cave innovante se démarque par son design moderne, sa fabrication française, son savoir-faire exceptionnel et son engagement éco-responsable.Eric Westermann et Maxime Petit - Restaurant Buerehiesel (Strasbourg)Depuis 1970, le Buerehiesel s'est affirmé comme une adresse incontournable de la gastronomie strasbourgeoise. Au cœur de cette bâtisse classée monument historique, Eric Westermann et Maxime Petit, chef et sommelier, mettent tout en œuvre pour offrir des accords mets et vins exquis. Leur dévouement transforme chaque repas en une expérience gastronomique mémorable pour le plaisir des clients.Hébergé par Ausha. Visitez ausha.co/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.
"Miyazaki; l'esprit de la nature" est un voyage dans l'univers de Miyazaki, utilisant ses films comme des véhicules qui nous transportent d'un thème à l'autre, avec l'aide de ceux qui ont travaillé et connu le génie de l'animation qui a fait rêver les générations. The post “Miyazaki, L’Esprit De La Nature”, interview avec le réalisateur Leo Favier appeared first on Fred Film Radio.
durée : 01:30:00 - Les Nuits de France Culture - par : Philippe Garbit - Méridiennes - Une journée dans la vie de Jean Favier (1ère diffusion : 04/10/1984)
Après sept mois d'une cavale presque parfaite, le procès s'ouvre le 18 mars 1946 à la cour d'assises de la Seine. Marcel Petiot y comparaît pour homicide volontaire avec vol, guet-apens et préméditation. Mais le Docteur Petiot n'est nullement impressionné par la Cour. Il affirme qu'il n'aurait tué que « des ennemis de la France ». Parmi les corps retrouvés dans son hôtel particulier, douze sont ceux de Juifs, quatre de proxénètes et quatre autres de prostituées. Dans cet épisode, vous entendrez l'avocat de Petiot, maître Floriot, mais aussi Madeleine Jacob, célèbre chroniqueuse judiciaire de l'après-guerre, raconter ce procès qui a attiré les foules. *** Crédits Archives *** Extrait de l'émission “Journal Les Actualités Françaises”, AF, 29/03/1946 - Extrait de l'émission radiophonique “Le texte et la marge” de Denise Alberti et Françoise Favier, TF1, 13/05/1988 - Extrait de l'émission radiophonique “La tribune de l'histoire” d'Alain Barroux, Alain Decaux et Jean François Chiappe, ORTF, 02/11/1974 - La justice des hommes, RTF, 27/05/1960.
A l'époque où je travaillais comme journaliste mode, elle était déjà incontournable dans le milieu. Je me souviens, elle travaillait pour Prada. Aujourd'hui elle occupe le poste hautement stratégique de chargée des relations publiques chez Christian Dior. Mathilde Favier est un peu l'ambassadrice de l'excellence de la haute couture, son métier lui demande d'incarner au quotidien l'élégance à la française. Alors forcément, moi qui sais que la ménopause freine beaucoup d'entre nous au travail, je me demande comment ça a pu se passer pour Mathilde Favier dans le milieu sans pitié de la mode ? J'ai réussi à l'attraper au vol entre le Festival de Cannes et un shooting à Venise. Et, à l'abri des paillettes et des tapis rouges, j'ai découvert une femme douce et solaire, qui, comme nous toutes, a dû trouver des ressources pour faire face aux imprévus du corps et de la vie. Lorsqu'elle a appris qu'elle était atteinte d'un cancer et que la chimiothérapie précipiterait sa ménopause alors qu'elle avait 46 ans, le plus important était de vivre. En affrontant la maladie, elle s'est frayé un chemin vers plus de tolérance, plus de recul aussi. Elle nous raconte. Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.
In this special episode, we recap the Distinguished Gentleman's Ride in Mexico City, where we joined over 2500 riders, including billionaire Ricardo Salinas and our LA team. We sat down at Jaime Camil's house on May 19th, after an exhilarating ride through Mexico, which raised the most funds worldwide for the DGR cause, catapulting Mexico from 90th place last year to 1st this year. Not only did Mark Hawwa start this incredible event, but he also lives in Australia and made the journey to fly to LA, check in with the LA team of DGR, and then come down to Mexico. The dedication of everyone involved is outstanding. Remy Favier, for instance, flew from Mexico back to LA the next day and then caught a flight the same day to London. Tune in for our detailed review of the ride, the amazing food, the hospitality, and the media frenzy with TV Azteca. We were exhausted and delusional by the end, sharing laughs and unforgettable memories. Special thanks to Mark for organizing this incredible event and to Jaime for being an exceptional host. Join us as we celebrate one of the greatest causes for men's mental health and prostate cancer. Cheers to more memories and team-building in the future! Enjoy the episode!
durée : 00:18:54 - L'interview de 9h20 - par : Léa Salamé - Mathilde Favier est directrice des relations publiques de la maison Dior. Elle publie “Mathilde à Paris”, compilant ses bonnes adresses et bons amis.
durée : 02:58:21 - Le 7/10 - par : Nicolas Demorand, Léa Salamé, Sonia Devillers, Anne-Laure Sugier - Les invités de la matinale du lundi 22 avril sont : François Villeroy de Galhau, François Lecointre, Ayaam Sureau et Frédéric Lauze, Mathilde Favier, et Juliette Pavy. - invités : François VILLEROY DE GALHAU, François Lecointre, Ayyam Sureau - François Villeroy de Galhau : Gouverneur de la Banque de France, François Lecointre : Chef d'état-major des armées, Ayyam Sureau : Philosophe, fondatrice et directrice de l'Association Pierre Claver
durée : 00:18:54 - L'interview de 9h20 - par : Léa Salamé - Mathilde Favier est directrice des relations publiques de la maison Dior. Elle publie “Mathilde à Paris”, compilant ses bonnes adresses et bons amis.
A new 3PL Live Podcast episode is out now with CEO of Greenscreens.ai Dawn Salvucci-Favier. Greenscreens just announced a new product at TIA called Ignite. We sat down with Dawn to speak about what goes into a product MVP (Minimum Viable Product). To develop the MVP: Market demand Verified Market differentiation identified Developed wireframes Salvucci-Favier noted that clients often struggle to articulate their needs to software providers, but they can readily identify what is lacking or incorrect. P.S. Be sure to reach out to our team if you would like to see Greenscreens in our environment. The link to the episode is in the notes.
In this episode, Blythe speaks with Greenscreens CEO and Chief Product Officer Dawn Salvucci-Favier about her transition from administrative assistant to freight tech innovator. Dawn discusses the evolution of freight brokerages, TMS systems, and the power of predictive pricing using AI and machine learning. She also shares insights into the changing freight landscape and strategies driving successful freight tech companies.LINKS: Dawn's Email: dawn@greenscreens.ai Dawn's LinkedInGreenscreens' WebsiteKevin Hill's LinkedIn PostWATCH THE FULL EPISODE HERE---------------------------------------------THANK YOU TO OUR SPONSORS!Are you experienced in freight sales or already an independent freight agent? Listen to our Freight Agent Trenches interview series powered by SPI Logistics to hear directly from the company's agents on how they took the leap and found a home with SPI freight agent program. Tai TMS is designed to streamline your brokerage operations and propel growth for both FTL and LTL shipment cycles. Book a demo with the Tai team today and tell them Everything is Logistics sent you. Maximize your website's performance as a sales tool with Digital Dispatch's website management.
Une femme fascinante qui, par son charme, son intelligence et, surtout, sa volonté de fer, a marqué pour toujours l'Histoire de l'Europe occidentale. Adhérez à cette chaîne pour obtenir des avantages : https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCN4TCCaX-gqBNkrUqXdgGRA/join Pour soutenir la chaîne, au choix: 1. Cliquez sur le bouton « Adhérer » sous la vidéo. 2. Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/hndl Avec: Laurent Turcot, professeur en histoire à l'Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Canada Script: François de Grandpré http://agenceprovencher.com/artiste.php?id=francois_de_grandpre Erratum: Godefroy Plantagenet est mort après s'être baigné dans LE Loir et non La Loire, merci à un fidèle abonné @thorvaldlegrand de l'avoir signalé. Abonnez-vous à ma chaine: https://www.youtube.com/c/LHistoirenousledira Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/histoirenousledira Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/laurentturcot Musique issue du site : https://epidemicsound.com Images provenant de https://www.storyblocks.com Les vidéos sont utilisées à des fins éducatives selon l'article 107 du Copyright Act de 1976 sur le Fair-Use. Sources et pour aller plus loin: Secrets d'Histoire Officiel, "Aliénor d'Aquitaine, une rebelle au Moyen Âge", YouTube, mis en ligne le 21 mars 2019 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JmkfSp2UJTw Confessions d'Histoire, "Aliénor & Conséquences (La 2e Croisade) - Aliénor d'Aquitaine, Louis VII", YouTube, mis en ligne le 4 décembre 2015 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YNCkYrI4CP4 Europe 1, "Au cœur de l'Histoire: Aliénor d'Aquitaine (F. Ferrand)", YouTube, mis en ligne le 18 février 2021 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pRrIZ293WBw R. Pernoud, Aliénor d'Aquitaine, Paris, Le Livre de poche, 1983. J. Favier, Les Plantagenêts : origines et destin d'un empire, Paris, Fayard, 2004 J. Flori, Aliénor d'Aquitaine : la reine insoumise, Paris, Payot, 2004. R. Turner, Aliénor d'Aquitaine, Paris, Fayard, 2011. M. Aurell, Aliénor d'Aquitaine, Paris, PUF, 2020. M. Aurell, Aliénor d'Aquitaine et l'essor de Fontevraud, Nantes, Éditions 303. M. Aurell et Noël-Yves Tonnerre (dir.), Plantagenêts et Capétiens : confrontations et héritages, Turnhout, Brepols, 2006. K. Bernard, Les mots d'Aliénor : Aliénor d'Aquitaine et son siècle, Bordeaux, Éditions Confluences, 2015. G. Duby, Dames du xiie siècle (tome I) : Héloïse, Aliénor, Iseut et quelques autres, Paris, Gallimard, 1995. "Aliénor, reine de France" (19 mars 2020), 1001 Patrimoines https://1001patrimoines.com/2020/03/19/alienor-reine-de-france/ "Aliénor, reine d'Angleterre" (20 mars 2020), 1001 Patrimoines https://1001patrimoines.com/2020/03/20/alienor-reine-dangleterre/ B. Mallen (26 mars 2020) "Histoire et confinement : les prisonniers célèbres de la forteresse royale de Chinon", France Info https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/centre-val-de-loire/indre-loire/chinon/histoire-confinement-quand-forteresse-royale-chinon-etait-prison-vip-1806800.html C. Chaulin (4 janvier 2021) "Qui était Aliénor d'Aquitaine, reine de France et d'Angleterre ?", GEO.fr https://www.geo.fr/histoire/alienor-daquitaine-reine-de-france-et-dangleterre-202751#:~:text=Henri%20II%20fait%20emprisonner%20Ali%C3%A9nor,roi%20d'Angleterre%20en%201189. "Henri II (roi d'Angleterre)" Wikipédia (FR) https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_II_(roi_d%27Angleterre) "Guillaume X d'Aquitaine" Wikipédia (FR) https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume_X_d%27Aquitaine "Guillaume IX d'Aquitaine" Wikipédia (FR) https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume_IX_d%27Aquitaine "Littérature et amour courtois", Larousse https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/divers/litt%C3%A9rature_et_amour_courtois/38026 "Raoul Ier de Vermandois" Wikipédia (FR) https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raoul_Ier_de_Vermandois "Bernard de Clairvaux" Wikipédia (FR) https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_de_Clairvaux "Deuxième croisade" Wikipédia (FR) https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deuxi%C3%A8me_croisade "Étienne (roi d'Angleterre)" Wikipédia (FR) https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tienne_(roi_d%27Angleterre) "Richard Cœur de Lion" Wikipédia (FR) https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_C%C5%93ur_de_Lion "Traité du Goulet" Wikipédia (FR) https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_du_Goulet E. Zarevich (13 décembre 2022) "Eleanor of Aquitaine's “Court of Love”", JSTOR Daily https://daily.jstor.org/eleanor-of-aquitaines-court-of-love/ "Aliénor d'Aquitaine", Wikipédia (FR) https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali%C3%A9nor_d'Aquitaine "Amour courtois", Wikipédia (FR) https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amour_courtois#:~:text=L'amour%20courtois%20ou%20fin,en%20occitan)%20et%20le%20bonheur. Les armées du Roi Arthur à Chateauneuf-du-Faou S. Malphettes, 27Juillet 2016 Bien avant que le styliste Nicolas Ghesquière (Balenciaga) ne fasse S. Bonvin, 17 octobre 2001 https://www.lalanguefrancaise.com/dictionnaire/definition/dysenterie Le texte et les sources ont été vérifiés de manière indépendante par un historien PhD. Autres références disponibles sur demande. #histoire #documentaire #alienor
Dawn Salvucci-Favier, CEO of Greenscreens.ai, shares her transformative adventure from an administrative assistant to leading a pioneer predictive pricing platform in the truckload spot freight industry (soon to be beyond spot). Her narrative is a riveting tale of seizing opportunities, the impact of mentorship, and the evolution of logistics from a world of manual route planning to the cutting-edge technological advancements that are reshaping how we think about transportation and supply chain management today.Tune in to uncover the behind-the-scenes of the logistics software industry and what it takes to build a successful startup in this competitive space. Dawn's candid recount of her transition from retail giants like TJX Companies and Staples to the startup world paints a vivid picture of the flexibility, talent acquisition, and sheer determination required to not only survive but thrive. Trace the steps Dawn took in helping to build 3GTMS and learn how she navigated her career through emotional and practical challenges, ultimately finding her resilience and support network instrumental in joining Greenscreens.ai.This episode isn't just a career chronicle; it's an education in the power of data, strategic partnerships, and the foresight to stay neutral for future growth. Delve into the intricacies of ecosystem collaboration in TMS, the strategic significance of neutrality for start-ups, and how Greenscreens.ai's platform uses big data and machine learning for real-time pricing predictions. Whether you're in the logistics field, fascinated by startup cultures, or looking for inspiration to pivot in your career, Dawn's journey offers a wealth of insight into the continuous innovation driving the freight industry forward.
Inscrivez-vous dès maintenant à ma prochaine Masterclass : les clés d'un mindset gagnant pour développer son business le lundi 9 octobre à 21h. Je vous réserve une vraie surprise ;)Aujourd'hui j'ai le plaisir d'accueillir sur le podcast Mathilde Favier.Je dois vous dire que Mathilde est probablement la personne la plus occupée que je connaisse. Vous comprendrez pourquoi puisqu'elle est directrice monde des relations publiques pour la femme chez Dior. Autant vous dire qu'elle parcourt le monde en long en large et en travers ! J'ai mis un temps fou à avoir Mathilde sur le podcast (pour tout vous dire je crois même que nous avons pris rendez-vous en janvier et que l'interview a eu lieu en juillet), mais le jeu en valait la chandelle.De quoi a-t-on parlé ? D'abord de qu'est-ce c'est que “les relations publiques”, parce que finalement c'est un terme un peu barbare et que je pense que ça peut paraître flou pour beaucoup de personnes autour de nous. On a parlé de passion professionnelle, de passion pour le contact humain, des idées reçues sur ce métier, de conseils pour des jeunes entrepreneurs qui pourraient se lancer et qui auraient besoin de commencer à faire des relations publiques, etc.Puis j'ai apprécié aussi le fait que Mathilde accepte de se confier sur d'autres sujets, sa passion pour la mode et surtout son engagement pour le cancer dont elle a très peu parlé jusqu'à présent et je la remercie d'avoir accepté de se confier avec moi à ce sujet.N'hésitez pas à partager l'épisode s'il vous a plu, je vous en serais très reconnaissante.Notes et références de l'épisode : Pour retrouver Mathilde : Sur InstragramPour retrouver l'institut Rafaël : Sur leur site internet Sur InstagramLivres cités: Les mains du miracle de Joseph Kessel 1. Faites vous coacher par moi !DEMIAN, un concentré de 10 ans d'expérience d'entrepreneur. Les formations DEMIAN vous apportent des outils et méthodes concrètes pour développer votre projet professionnel. Il s'agit d'un concentré maximal de valeur et d'expérience pour qu'en quelques heures vous gagniez l'équivalent d'années de travail. Découvrez DEMIAN !2. La NewsLa News du vendredi est une mini newsletter pour vous nourrir en plus du podcast. C'est une newsletter très courte, à lire en 5mn top chrono de ce qui m'a marqué dans les dernières semaines : livres à lire, réflexions, applis à télécharger, citations, films ou documentaires à voir etc. Pour la recevoir, il n'y a qu'à s'abonner à la newsletter sur mon site !3. Des conseils concrets sur ma chaîne YouTubeEnvie de lancer votre propre podcast ? De bénéficier de conseils sur quel matériel utiliser ? Ma nouvelle chaîne YouTube est faite pour vous !4.Contactez-moi ! Si le podcast vous plaît, le meilleur moyen de me le dire, ou de me faire vos feed-backs (et ce qui m'aide le plus à le faire connaître) c'est simplement de laisser un avis 5 étoiles ou un commentaire sur l'application iTunes. Ça m'aide vraiment, alors n'hésitez pas :)Pour me poser des questions ou suivre mes tribulations c'est par ici :Sur Instagram @paulinelaigneauSur LinkedIn @pauline laigneauSur YouTube Pauline LaigneauVous pouvez consulter notre politique de confidentialité sur https://art19.com/privacy ainsi que la notice de confidentialité de la Californie sur https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.
Inscrivez-vous dès maintenant à ma prochaine Masterclass : les clés d'un mindset gagnant pour développer son business le lundi 9 octobre à 21h. Je vous réserve une vraie surprise ;)Aujourd'hui j'ai le plaisir d'accueillir sur le podcast Mathilde Favier.Je dois vous dire que Mathilde est probablement la personne la plus occupée que je connaisse. Vous comprendrez pourquoi puisqu'elle est directrice monde des relations publiques pour la femme chez Dior. Rendez-vous ce lundi pour la suite de l'épisode !Vous pouvez consulter notre politique de confidentialité sur https://art19.com/privacy ainsi que la notice de confidentialité de la Californie sur https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.
Last time we spoke about the battle of Beijing. General Gaselee and the 8 nation alliance began a grand march upon Beijing. They fought numerous battles at places like Beicang and Yangcun utterly routing the Qing and Boxer forces. The road to Beijing was laid bare open to them, lest it not be for the extreme summer heat which took the lives of many. The Russians attempted to outrace everyone else to Beijing, but quickly bit off more than they could chew. Ultimately the British were the first ones to enter the foreign legations. The besieged foreigners in the legations had been met with a last ditch effort by the Qing to overrun them, but they held on for dear life. Now Beijing was being occupied by the 8 nation alliance. What was to become of the Qing officials, of Empress Dowager Cixi? How would justice be served? #67 The Boxer Rebellion part 7: The Boxer Protocol Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. Usually you would assume the story was won and done. The 8 national alliance was flooding into Beijing, as they say “the cavalry had arrived”, but it was not over. The next day of August 15th saw more violence. The French deployed 4 artillery pieces onto the Tartar wall and began bombarding the pink walls of the Imperial City. Meanwhile General Chaffee was mounting an assault upon the Imperial city alongside the American forces who were battering their way through a series of courtyards trying to get to the Imperial Cities southern gate. Their ultimate objective was the Forbidden City. When it seemed they were within reach of the Forbidden City, suddenly General Chaffee commanded a withdrawal. The commanders had been arguing at a conference and they all agreed that the 8 nation alliance should take a more conciliatory approach towards the Qing government. Everyone was wondering whether the Emperor and Empress Dowager remained within the Forbidden city. If there was to be a conciliation at all, they would be needed. Rumors began to emerge stating if the Empress Dowager were still in the city, she would most likely commit suicide rather than be taken prisoner. Lenox Simpson was trying to investigate the situation, riding up to the Imperial City where he discovered a terrified Eunuch huddled in a Qing guardhouse in the outer wall. He asked the eunuch how many forces guarded the Forbidden city and the whereabouts of the Emperor and Empress Dowager. The Eunuch blurted out “The Emperor, the Empress Dowager, and indeed, the whole Court, had disappeared—had fled, was gone.” There are countless tales of how it occurred, the dramatic flight of the Qing court. It is most likely the decision to flee Beijing came about in the early hours of August 15th. One account given by magistrate Wu Yung claimed he helped the Empress Dowager flee. Cixi was disguised in dark blue clothes of a Chinese peasant woman, they even clipped her nails, go google a picture of Cixi, imagine clipping those things haha. Allegedly Cixi told Wu Yung as she was hastily grabbing some personal belongs “Who would have thought it would come to this?” Of the things she hastily grabbed, one was a precious bloodstone that she believed protect her through all dangers. She boarded one of three wooden carts, and Cixi forcefully grabbed the emperor not allowing him to be taken as a hostage, alongside her niece and the heir apparent. The Imperial concubines were forbidden to accompany them and made tearful farewell. It is said Emperor Guangxu's favorite concubine begged to take her with him, prompting Cixi who hated the girl to demand she be tossed down a well. Apparently the Eunuchs rolled the poor girl up in a carpet and literally tossed her down a well in front of Emperor Guangxu, which is hardcore? Another account has it that Cixi tricked the girl by telling her “We will all stay where we are, but we cannot allow ourselves to be taken alive by Western barbarians. There is only one way out for you and me—we must both die. It is easy. You go first—I promise to follow you.” Then the Eunuch tossed her in the well, one other account has the Eunuchs simply tossing the girl down the well after the imperial party departed because they didn't like her. Can't help but picture Varies from GOT leading eunuchs to get revenge on a royal family haha. Empress Dowager Cixi had fled the Imperial city once before, in fact 40 years prior during the 2nd opium war. Was a symbolic moment. Back then she had apparently told the Emperor to stay in the city lest the British and French raze Beijing to the ground, this time she did the opposite. On August 10th, Cixi had made an imperial decree ordering General Jung Lu and some other Qing officials to remain in Beijing and maintain the government in exile. The royal party fled through roads filled with others fleeing the city. Their eunuch planners assumed they would buy provisions along the way, but when they entered the countryside they found it completely devastated. On August 17th the royal party made it to the small town of Huailai, north of Beijing. The Boxers and disaffected troops had devastated the town so much, there was only a bowl of millet and green bean porridge to serve the Empress Dowager. Apparently to this she said to her host “In time of distress this is enough. Can I at this time say what is good and what is not good?” From Huailai they traveled to Kalgan and Tatung, near the Mongolian plateau, before they turned towards Taiyuan. Now being so far from Beijing they felt safer and thus instead of conducting themselves under the guise as peasants they now openly showed themselves and told people they were performing an official tour of inspection. It is said by Wu Yung the empress dowager enjoyed talking to him and told him “talk as you please”, and she herself took a large interest in talking to locals and visiting temples and attractions. Wu Yung theorized she had been cooped up for so long in the imperial city, the outside world fascinated her. The mule litters were replaced with sedan chairs, Cixi began wearing luxurious Manchu garb and regrew her fingernails. Soon the royal party were issuing edicts and receiving reports on the situation of the court in Beijing. Countless governors, viceroys and other Qing officials flocked to pay respects and tribute to the royal party. They stayed in Taiyuan for 3 weeks at the home of Yuxiang where he boasted to Cixi of how many foreigners he executed. However the Taiyuan massacre meant the foreigners might come to the city for revenge, so the royal party continued southwest towards Sian, the old capital of the Tang dynasty. This was territory held by General Dong Fuxiang whose troops were the primary ones escorting the royal party. It was under Dong Fuxiang's protection the royal party now hunkered down for winter. It is said Guangxu's nephew began drawing pictures of demons and would often sketch a large tortoise with the name Yuan Shikai on its back. You see the tortoise was a symbol of homosexuality, thus it was to insult Yuan Shikai who was seen as an enemy who betrayed Guangxu. It is also said Guangxu took the pictures, hung them up on walls and fired crossbows at them. Personally this story to me sounds like an author giving a bit of foreshadowing flavor, for Yuan Shikai would perform even greater betrayals later on. Indeed Yuan Shikai is kind of a meme on my personal channel, over there I have to the point of me writing this script, covered 1830-1932 thus far for Chinese-Japanese history. Yuan Shikai is a behemoth when it comes to the formation of modern day China and honestly his story is interesting to say the least. If you ever want to jump into the future, just check out my content at the Pacific War channel on the Xinhai revolution and China's warlord era episodes, or better yet the full China warlord documentary that encompasses pretty much all of it. Anyways. Back over in Beijing, news of the flight of the Qing court was not met with surprise by the foreigners. Now the foreigners were uncertain what to do next. For some it was a bit reminiscent of Napoleon's arrival to a deserted Moscow, without the highest ranking Qing officials, what could they do? Meanwhile, one place that was still under threat was Peitang. Over at the Peitang Cathedral the foreigners had been fighting for their lives the entire time. When news emerged that the foreign legations had been rescued, everyone in the Cathedral at Peitang rejoiced awaiting their own rescue. The Cathedral was the only Christian building within the Imperial city that was able to hold on and defend itself. It was a miracle they managed to do so. The commander of 30 French marines sent by Pichon on June 1st to help out at Peitang was Lt Paul Henry. At the age of just 23, Bishop Favier had to say of his conduct “he was as pious as he is brave— a true Breton.” Henry had been given an impossible task, to defend an area with around 1400 yards of wall 12-15 feet high with a tiny amount of troops. Henry had the men dig trenches, erect parapets, and used the Cathedral as a last stronghold if they were overrun. The first week of June saw fires erupt throughout the capital and gunfire could be heard everywhere. Bishop Favier looked out from the top of the cathedral to see on the 13th and 14th churches and cathedrals in Beijing being razed to the ground. Refugees poured into Peitang Cathedral more and more, and on the 15th a group of Catholic sisters and children were running from Boxers to the cathedral with Favier giving this account of the scene “Their leader, on horse, is a lama or bonze [priest]; he precedes an immense red flag, surrounded by young Boxers who have undergone the incantations and are likewise dressed in red. They burned perfumed sticks, prostrated themselves on entering our street to the south, and then advanced in compact bands”. The French marines allowed them to reach 200 yards from the barricades before unleashing a volley wounded 50 and sending them fleeing. By June 18th, Henry worried about enemy artillery and tried to fortify the defenses more so. On the 20th, news of von Kettelers death came, Pichon sent a message to Favier, there was no hope of fleeing Beijing. 3420 people, two thirds of which were women and children were trapped in Peitang. Their defenses were comically small, 30 French and a dozen Italian marines, whose commander was Lt Olivieri aged 25. The able bodied Chinese christians volunteered to bolster the forces, making spears, brandishing some knives and a few were given rifles by the marines. June 22nd saw Krupp guns firing upon Peitang shattering windows and sending bricks flying. The main gate to Peitang was being battered by shells. Lt Henry led a sortie of 4 marines and 30 Chinese christians to seize the artillery piece hitting the main gate. They managed to seize it, losing 2 Chinese in the process. The next day simply saw more artillery bombardment. By the 26th, all the buildings near Peitang were ablaze and Boxers were seen erecting ladders and scaffoldings against the walls. The defenders were being pot shotted at every day. On the 27th Henrys second in command Jouannic was shot in the shoulder and would die 3 days later. By July 1st the defenders of Peitang began to eat mule and horse as they ran out of vegetables. Smallpox broke out amongst the children, by July 3rd 15 were dying per day. The french marines began making scarecrows to help against snipers. It turned out the watchmakers amongst their Chinese christians were capable of creating cartridges for Mausers and other guns. The defenders were able to manufacture powder for cannons with things they seized from the surrounding enemy during sorties. The men fired only 100 rounds per day, Henry noted on July 5th 13 rounds were only fired, on the 14th 74. Famine was more threatening than lack of ammunition. On July 6th Henry checked rations and estimated they could hold out for 20 days. The Boxers began manufacturing exploding missiles that they lobbed at the cathedral. These were a sort of fire pot, a container carrying around three pounds of gunpowder with long fuses. On a single day the Boxers tossed more than 250 of these, but the defenders ingeniously put buckets, casks and even bathtubs full of water everywhere to fight the emerging fires. The Qing artillery smashed the cathedrals clock tower and walls without mercy. On July 18th, the defenders were countermining when a mine exploded killing 25 and injuring 28. One French marine described the carnage “where bits of waste meat were being dragged out, fragments of flesh and severed limbs were spattered about and part of someone's chest was smashed against a wall”. Qing troops atop the Imperial City walls fired down upon the defenders at all times. By July 28th rations were a meager 8 ounces of food per day. On July 30th the Qing assaulted the north wall, setting the cathedral roof on fire. Henry tried rallying the men and took a bullet in the neck and another into his side. Henry died in the arms of a priest 20 minutes later and was buried beneath a statue of Our Lady of Lourdes in the Cathedral garden. Olivieri took command after his death. The Qing and Boxers seemed emboldened and began firing arrows with messages to the Christian Chinese urging them to abandon the foreigners and return to the old ways. “You, Christians, shut up in the Pei-tang, reduced to the greatest misery, eating leaves of trees, why do you resist? We have leveled cannon and set mines against you, and you will be destroyed in a short time. You have been deceived by the devils of Europe; return to the ancient religion . . . deliver up Bishop Favier and the others, and you will have saved your lives, and we will give you to eat. If you do not do so, you, your wives and children, will all be cut into pieces.” It is said the Boxers believed Bishop Favier was a demon who was using an invulnerability spell by smearing menstrual blood over his faced and nailing naked women and dead fetuses to the Cathedral walls. They also believed the foreigners posed a weapon called “the ten thousand woman flag” woven from female pubic hair which stole power from the Boxer gods. Gotta hand it to their imagination. Despite the messages, the Chinese Christians stayed put. By August 2nd the besieged were starving and began trying to capture stray dogs to eat. On August 5th, Favier wrote this “we can resist balls, bullets, and bombs, but there is no defense against famine.” On August 10th, 400 pounds of rice and a mule were all that remained. Favier was forced to send Christian Chinese out in desperation to try and reach the foreign legation for help. Many were flayed, beheaded and put in spikes near Peitang. On August 12th a violent explosion shook Peitang a giant mine had gone off causing a crater 7 yards deep and 40 yards wide. It buried 5 Italian marines with Olivieri and 80 Chinese. Olivieri recounted being saved with the burial “They succeeded in uncovering one of my hands, and finding it still warm, redoubled their efforts until my whole body was free”. However his men were mutilated and dying. The mine had caused a large breach in the wall and the enemy could easily have stormed Peitang, but they didn't. Another mine went off the following day, but the enemy did not storm Peitang. Just when it seemed they were all going to die on August 14th the defender heard Boxers scream out “The devils from Europe are approaching!” The Boxers were also screaming at the defenders of Peitang that they would all be massacred before their rescuers got to them. But Oliveiri and the defenders watch as Qing banners were lowered from walls, Qing soldiers and Boxers were beginning to flee. By 5pm they saw europeans on the walls waving an american flag. The defenders waited for their rescue on August 15th, but no one was coming. Olivieri worried the relief force had been repelled. Then suddenly Japanese troops climbed over the walls and stormed into Peitang. Olivieri rushed over shouting “we are saved!”. The other members of the 8 nation alliance were rather shocked by the actions of the Japanese, Peitang was a French responsibility. The French force that entered Beijing however was too small to fight their way to Peitang. As General Frey noted “What was our surprise to see ahead of us between 250 and 300 Japanese whose presence nobody could explain.” The Japanese without any fuss simply did the deed on their own merit. Peitang saw 400 people including 166 children die during the siege, unlike the fight for the legations Peitang never had a single day of rest. There was no truce for Peitang, the defenders fought every single day. As Favier assessed the damage in Beijing he had this to say “In Pekin, three churches, seven large chapels, the colleges, hospitals—all are destroyed. . . . The Peitang . . . damaged by shells, is the only building undestroyed. . . . In short, the ruin is almost entire, the work of forty years is nearly annihilated; the courage of missionaries, nevertheless, is not on the wane; we shall begin over again.” As Bishop Favier wandered Beijing, he estimated perhaps 30,000 catholics had been killed. News emerged that 200 foreign nuns, priests, missionaries and their family members had been murdered. Half the population of Beijing fled in terror as the foreign armies flooded in. Many Qing officials committed suicide, many Chinese women with bound feet likewise did so. The special correspondent of the Daily Telegraph, Dr. E.J Dillon wrote “Chinese women honestly believed that no more terrible fate could overtake them than to fall alive into the hands of Europeans and Christians. It is to be feared that they were right.” Dillon personally saw the corpses of women who had been raped and bayoneted to death. Luella Miner within the foreign legation had this to say of the matter “The conduct of the Russian soldiers is atrocious, the French are not much better, and the Japanese are looting and burning without mercy.... Women and girls by hundreds have committed suicide to escape a worse fate at the hands of Russian and Japanese brutes. Our American soldiers saw them jumping into the river and into wells, in Tungchow. Twelve girls in one well, and one mother was drowning two of her little children in a large water jar.” Roger Keyes added his own account “Every Chinaman . . . was treated as a Boxer by the Russian and French troops, and the slaughter of men, women, and children in retaliation was revolting.” A British officer, Major Luke, told Keyes that “he had never seen anything more horrible, and some of his young Marines were literally sick”. Lenox Simpson stated he say British Indian forces molesting female Chinese christians until they were flogged by some foreign women. It is said the Japanese had planned ahead of time for the situation. According to Roger Keyes “their Government had wisely taken the precaution of sending their ‘regimental wives' [prostitutes] with them, and they were established in houses at Tientsin and Peking directly the troops settled down”. The first days of the occupation saw indiscriminate looting and rape by all nationalities. The allied commander in chief von Waldersee who only arrived in late september wrote “Every nationality accords the palm to some other in respect to the art of plundering, but it remains the fact that each and all of them went in hot and strong for plunder.” On August 18th all the diplomats and military commanders met at the Russian legation to discuss how to go about reprisals against the Qing. The Germans argued for severe punishment because of Von Kettelers murder, they wanted a punitive expedition and to raze the Imperial city. The Russians favored a more conciliatory line in northern China, but of course something I have not talked about was going on, the Russians had basically invaded Manchuria. One thing they all agreed upon was an enormous victory parade through the Imperial City, a grand humiliation. Each nation scrambled to be the first in the parade, the Russians argued they had the largest force, which was a lie, it was the Japanese. There are countless photographs of the foreign armies in the city and of the parade, but to give a brief description on August 28th George Morrison stated “the appearance of the French troops, complaining that there was every excuse for their uniforms to be dirty but that the faces of many of the men should be so too was quite inexcusable. The French looked singularly decadent in blue dungaree and that their commander, General Frey, was small and pot-bellied. He thought the Cossacks were “heavy” and “rough” but that the Germans looked “splendid” and the Japanese officers “very smart.” The British, by contrast, looked ather “rag tag and bobtail.” The dignity of the occasion was further undermined by the ineptitude of the Russian band, which could not keep pace with eight successive national anthems and found itself blasting out the “Marseillaise” as the Italians marched past the saluting base”. An army of eunuchs escorted by Qing officials brought the foreigners into the Forbidden city which saw looting. Indeed the looting of the capital of China by the 8 nation alliance is probably one of the largest looting accounts in human history, one of the sources I am using has an entire chapter dedicated to only story accounts of what was stolen and by whom, but its simply too much to delve into. Many museums today hold stolen items from this event. Within 24 hours of taking the city not a race of Boxers existed. There was a wild Boxer hunt that saw much horror. Daily executions occurred as described to us by George Morrison “The execution and the long drawn out neck. The butcher with his apron. The executioner tearing open his long coat—the grunt as he brought down the knife—the dogs lapping up the blood—the closeness of the head to the ground, the face nearly touching.” Apparently the Germans got their prisoners to dig their own trench before being shot in the back of the head. During september the allies were awaiting the arrival of von Waldersee, but a number of military operations were mounted against Boxer strongholds in the Beijing region. Von Waldersee arrived to Beijing in October assuming command and established his HQ in Cixi's palace in the forbidden city. Von Waldersee decided punitive expeditions needed to be increased and Germany began taking the lead in several dozen. The countryside was butchered in a wild hunt for Boxers. Civilians, Qing soldiers, Qing officials, just about anyone faced numerous foreign troops who killed or abused them. Von Waldersee faced a more daunting task however, peace negotiations. There was a mutual distrust amongst the nations and conflicts broke out often. Li Hongzhang, poor old Li Hongzhang and Prince Qing were appointed the imperial plenipotentiary powers and only arrived in Beijing in October. The first meeting was held on Christmas Eve between them and the foreign ministers. Li Hongzhang was not present due to illness. The foreign ministers questioned whether the Qing plenipotentiaries were even real agents of the Emperor or Qing government in exile. Prince Qing managed to convince them he held authority. The allies pondered if the dynasty should change, but it was quickly apparent the Manchu would never allow for such a thing. All the ministers agreed the Manchu dynasty should remain on the throne. Then they pondered punishment of the guilty and a large indemnity on behalf of the Qing dynasty. The indemnity fee first brought up was 67,500,000 roughly 4.3 or so billion dollars by todays figures. The Americans argued it was far too high and would bankrupt China. American secretary of state John Hay sent a telegram to the great powers stating “America's policy was to bring permanent safety and peace to China and to preserve China's territorial integrity”. Von Waldersee would go on the record to say “the United States it seems to desire that nobody shall get anything out of China.” However on May 26th an imperial edict announced that the indemnity payment would be 67,500,000$ to be paid in full over 39 years. The sum was to be distributed as follows: Russia 28.97%, Germany 20.02%, France 15.75%, Britain 11.25%, Japan 7.73%, United States 7.32%, Italy 7.32%, Belgium 1.89%, Austria-Hungary 0.89%, Netherlands 0.17%, Spain 0.03%, Portugal 0.021%, Sweden and Norway 0.014%. The payment by the way would only be amortized on December 31st of 1940. Now the negotiations for punishments were a lot more complicated. The allies first wanted to see the executions of prominent pro-Boxer officials, which Empress Dowager Cixi wanted to avoid. Cixi made many counter proposals, but eventually was forced to hand over some officials. Yuxiang, the mastermind behind the Taiyuan massacre was reportedly executed, though notably there is a myth he simply went into exile. Qing official Ying Nien straggled himself, some other officials apparently were killed by having their mouths and nostrils stuffed with rice paper by eunuchs, which is a pretty weird one I must say, many were poisoned. Prince Duan and his brother escaped the death penalty and were exiled to Turkestan. Dong Fuxiang was too powerful to kill much to the dismay of the foreigners. Indeed his Muslim army in the northwest was the bulwark at the time, all he suffered was a demotion, but in reality he was now a major leading figure. Over 100 Qing officials were executed or exiled in the end. A peace treaty containing 12 articles was signed in the Spanish legation on September 7th of 1901 known as the Boxer Protocol. The Qing were prohibited from importing arms and ammunition for 2 years; the Taku forts were ordered to be destroyed; the legation quarters would receive special status; Boxers and Qing officials who had supported them would face justice; the Zongli Yamen was replaced with a foreign office; the Qing government was to prohibit under the pain of death, any membership for anti-foreign societies; civil examinations were suspended for 5 years in any area that saw violence against foreigners; the Emperor Guangxu was to apologize to Kaiser Wilhelm for the murder of Baron von Ketteler; Emperor Guangxu was to appoint Na't'ung to be a special envoy to be sent to apologize the Emperor Meiji for the murder of Mr. Sugiyama; the Qing government was to erect a commemorative arch over the spot Baron von Ketteler was killed; and at last the great powers would be allowed to occupy numerous important cities so as to make sure their legations were protected. Empress Dowager Cixi was surprised by the terms of the treaty and that she was not punished personally. Hell China was not required to surrender any more territory. Some members of her court argued China should continue the war and that the 8 nation alliance could not hope to face the interior of China. Some argued if Dong Fuxiang were to be allowed to raise his force to 50,000 he could dislodge the foreign encroachment. Cixi however was as much a pragmatist as she was conservative in her ways. If the allied nations would allow Emperor Guangxu and her to return to Beijing retaining their honor, she believed she had little to lose. She also was not a moron and understood exactly why the Boxer Protocol was made in the way it was, the great powers wanted to received payments and in order to do so, needed the Manchu to sit on the throne. She ordered Li Hongzhang to do all he could to re-establish relations with the foreign governments. She also ordered any decrees she made praising the Boxers to be expunged from the official records and secretly ordered all blame to be placed on Guangxu. She gave posthumous honors to all the progressive Qing officials she had beheaded during the siege and disinherited the heir apparent son of Prince Duan, whom apparently she did not like much. An imperial decree in the name of Emperor Guangxu announced “Our Sacred Mother's advanced age renders it necessary that we should take the greatest care of her health, so that she may attain to peaceful longevity; a long journey in the heat being evidently undesirable, we have fixed on the 19th day of the 7th Moon [1 September] to commence our return journey and are now preparing to escort Her Majesty.” The return to Beijing should be held as one of the greatest feats of public relations exercises in history, second only to Robert Downey Jr. The 700 mile journey began in October of 1901 seeing the imperial family carried in yellow sedan chairs, sparing no expense. George Morrison details it quite well “Along the frost-bound uneven tracks which serve for roads in northern China, an unending stream of laden wagons croaked and groaned through the short winter's day and on, guided by soldier torch-bearers through bitter nights to the appointed stopping places. But for the Empress Dowager and the Emperor there was easy journeying and a way literally made smooth. Throughout its entire distance the road over which the Imperial palanquins were carried had been converted into a smooth, even surface of shining clay, soft and noiseless under foot; not only had every stone been removed but as the procession approached gangs of men were employed in brushing the surface with feather brooms. At intervals of about ten miles, well-appointed rest-houses had been built.The cost of this King's highway, quite useless of course for the ordinary traffic of the country, was stated by a native contractor to amount to fifty Mexican dollars for every eight yards—say, £1,000 per mile—the clay having to be carried in some places from a great distance. As an example of the lavish expenditure of the Court and its officials in a land where squalor is a pervading feature, this is typical.” The Empress Dowager crossed the yellow river in a gilded, lacquered, dragon shaped barge after offering wine and incense to the river god. Believe it or not, the last part of the journey was done by train and Empress Dowager Cixi looked excited to be in what she called an “iron centipede”. Everyone in Beijing was given an imperial decree to graciously permit them to watch the royal family return to the Imperial Court. We are told “As Cixi got out of her chair, the Empress glanced up at the smoke-blackened walls and saw us: a row of foreigners . . . and, looking up at us, lifted her closed hands under her chin, and made a series of little bows.” Cixi was a lover of theatricals and made sure it was a hell of a show. Within days foreign ministers were summoned to present themselves to the Emperor and for the first time officially enter the forbidden city. On February the 1st Cixi invited the ladies of diplomats to her. The foreign community nor Cixi could know it, but the Boxer rebellion was to be one of the last nails in a coffin made for the Qing dynasty. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. And so the Boxer rebellion excluding some events in Manchuria was ended. The Boxer protocol ushered in a brand new Qing dynasty that surely would survive the test of time and not succumb to an agonizing death as the people of China could take it no longer.
Last time we spoke about the road to the Boxer Rebellion. Christians and foreigners were encroaching into China. Boxers and other anti-foreign groups were emerging in places like Shandong and Zhili. Conflicts were growing rapidly as the two forces converged, leaving the Qing government in a terrible situation trying to please both. It seems for a time, they were keeping the hawks of war at bay, but the more incidents flared up the tougher each side became. Then came an evolution to the mayhem, the Yihetuan emerged to the stage, a large scale movement of Boxers seeking to revive the qing and destroy the foreigners. The Qing tried to crack down upon the movement, but it seems all was for nought as they only grew in popularity. Beijing has called upon forces from the northwest to bolster defenses, but can they stop the inevitable clash? #61 The Boxer Rebellion part 1: The Boxer's March on Beijing Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. After the battle of Senluo Temple Governor of Shandong province, Yuxiang ordered the boxers caught, but not to be killed. The missionaries and foreigners remarked “it was insane orders not to have the soldiers kill any one”. But Yuxiang sought to not drive a wedge between the state and the people. Zhu Hongdeng fled south joining other boxer leaders to discuss what to do next. Major boxer activity halted, as they watched to see what the Qing government would do. THe magistrate of Pingyuan was removed, there did not seem to be any real hunt after them. After awhile Zhu Hongdenf and the other boxers began raiding christians in Yucheng, Changqing, Chiping and Boping. They burnt homes, stole property, performed violence and even killed a few people. Outside Boping, Christians fought back leading to skirmishes and fatalities. Yuxiang's lenient policies were failing, the Christian community felt the Qing government could not protect them. Yuxiang began targeting the boxer leaders, as he had done with the Big Sword Society prior. Tactically it went brilliantly, he managed to arrest and execute the main leaders, but these Boxers were nothing like the Big Swords. Following the elimination of the boxer leaders, boxer movements sprang up in new places all over the region, villages were being attacked all over. Whenever one Boxer leader was arrested or killed, another would generate at a moment's notice, it was like a Boxer Hydra. Now the Boxers had been targeting small villages with Christian communities, but then on November 15th they attacked the fortified Catholic village of Zhangzhuang. The boxers successfully raided the village and it seems this emboldened them greatly as their next targets became mission stations holding foreigners. As the missionaries and foreign communities felt threatened, they began complaining to remove officials like Yuxiang. On December 5th, the complaints worked, the Qing government replaced Yuxiang with Yuan Shikai. Although Yuan Shikai was convinced Yuxiangs lenient policies led to the Boxer problem and sought to use military force to quell it, prominent Qing officials advised him to not brutalize the Boxers, as they rightly feared it would spark a large-scale rebellion against their government. Thus Yuan Shikai used his forces defensively to try and protect foreigners and Christians, little actually changed. On December 31st of 1899 the British missionary S.M Brooks was murdered in Feicheng by bandits. The Boxers continued to spread and rumors of what they did were heard everywhere. Mission stations were being attacked everywhere in a wild frenzy of panic field by rumors. The Boxers would claim missionaries were poisoning wells. Boxers would target all things foreign such as railways which they said “had iron centipedes or fire carts which desecrated the land and disturbed the graves of their ancestors” Empress Dowager Cixi would love that one. Likewise telegraph lines were feared. Some thought the rusty water dripping from their wires looked like blood of air spirits. Foreign own mines were seen as disturbing the spirits of China's earth. Boxer Manifestos began to state “When we have slaughtered them all, we shall tear up the railways, cut down the telegraphs, and then finish off by burning their steamboats.” When rumors emerged of the new Yihetuan slogan “Revive the Qing, remove the foreign”, those in the Qing court like Prince Duan and Empress Dowager Cixi listened with keen interest. For once it seemed the peasants were on their side! The Empress Dowager was also extremely superstitious and seemed to be transfixed on the tales of Boxers practicing ritual exercises to induce gods to possess them. She was also intrigued by tales of the female Boxer group known as “Hong Deng Zhao / the red lanterns”. Yes, female Boxers of this order practiced rituals and healing techniques to aid the male Boxers. They trained in martial arts and were said to carry red lanterns used to burn down missionary buildings. Rumors had it they had magical powers to fly, honestly the tales run the gambit. Now something that interested Cixi and some conservative Qing the most was the prospect a group of warriors were out there that did not require payment to fight. On the last day of 1899 in Shandong province the Boxers killed an english reverend named Sidney Brooks. Brooks had been helping his sister defender a mission “about twelve miles from Ping Yin he was attacked by a band of about thirty armed ruffians who after struggling with him and wounding him on his head and arms with their swords bound him and led him away towards Ping Yin. It was an intensely cold day and snow was falling. In spite of this they took from him all his outer garments and led him about for some hours. He endeavored to ransom himself with promises of large sums of silver but they were unwilling. . . . It is said that by some means he managed to escape and fled in the direction of Ping Yin. He was quickly pursued by three horsemen who cut him down when only a mile from our little church at Ta Kuang Chuang and there by the roadside the last act in this terrible crime was committed. His head was taken from his body and both were thrown into a gully.” News of Brooks murder reached Beijing on January the 2nd of 1900. American Minister Edwin Conger, a bearded civil war veteran met with Herbert Squiers, the American first secretary. They talked about Brooks murder and two other incidents that had recently occurred. The first was the imperial decree ordering Qing officials in the coastal and Yantze provinces to be on their guard against foreign aggressors. The second was a complaint given in November of 1899 about how foreigners were carving up China and urged the Chinese to defend their land. Conger was unsure how to react to such rhetoric. The US favored an open China policy, but certainly not a xenophobic and aggressive one. Conger decided to alert Washington, but did not go as far as to state the foreign community was outright in danger. Over in the British legation, Sir Claude MacDonald was also reeling over the recent news. MacDonald had been appointed minister to Beijing in 185 and was a soldier who had fought in Egypt. MacDonald had been complaining for awhile to the Qing government about the conflicts brewing in Shandong, Brooks murder seemed to be the latest and worst of them. He often dealt with the head of the Zongli Yamen, Prince Qing, who was a moderate amongst the Qing court, unlike Prince Duan who was adamantly conservative and quite anti-foreign. The Zongli Yamen immediately promised Brooks murderers would be brought to justice. To the foreign community everything looked like the Qing government favored their protection, but it became gradually apparent to them the Qing were not fully suppressing the Boxers. On January 27th the Americans, French, Italian and German legations sent a mutual protest demanding the suppression of the Boxers, but they received no reply for over a month. The Qing court was far too busy dealing with the imperial succession since Emperor Guangxu's health was declining, Cixi nominated Pujun, a son of Guangxu's cousin, no other than Prince Duan as the presumptive. Pujun was much alike to his father, extremely anti-foreign. The following weeks saw the foreign ministers scrambling with demands to the Zongli Yamen to increase measures against the Boxers. Telegrams were frantically sent back to home nations in March suggesting an international naval show of force was needed. America, Britain and Italy began sending a handful of warships to anchor outside the Taku forts, while Kaiser Wilhelm sent an entire squadron to Jiaozhou. On April 16 of 1900, Empress Dowager Cixi persuaded MacDonald into believing the Boxer problem was coming to an end and this saw the British warships Brisk and Hermione withdraw from the Daku Fort area. The foreign community began breathing a bit easier, but the reality was the Qing Court was considering incorporating the Boxers into an official militia group. The Qing court was at war with another. Prince Duan, leading the conservatives had purged many progressives, he was married to Cixi's niece and now his son was the heir apparent. Alike to Prince Duan, Cixi was very anti-foreign, ever since her summer palace was burnt down during the second opium war. She like many of the conservatives blamed the foreigners for all problems facing China, never recognizing the corruption present within. But unlike Duan she was much more cautious, she lent an ear to those around her like Li Hongzhang, Yuan Shikai and Jung Lu, the commander of Beijings local forces. The progressives had prevailed until now, walking a tightrope against fully or partially denouncing the Boxers to please the foreigners. The missionaries in the more interior parts of China provided the best source of intelligence to the legations. They were sounding the alarm, but there was little anyone could do but place their faith in the Qing government and wait to see what occurred. In early 1900, a British missionary named Frederick Brown was writing out of Tientsin that it was being overrun with Boxers, endangering the Christians there. The foreign diplomats were failing to appreciate such reports, many believed and quite rightly so, the missionaries were the aggressors, bringing conflict upon themselves. There was quite a belief going around that these reports were cases of “crying wolf” as they say. The foreign community in Beijing were failing to notice, thousands of Boxers were venturing out of places like Shandong and Zhili enroute to the capital. Zhili held nearly 100,000 Christians at this point and large foreign populations at Tientsin and Beijing. The 250 foreign missionaries in Beijing were becoming extremely anxious, though they were certainly better off than their colleagues our in the countryside. By late april the Boxers began placing placards in Beijing. One was dated April 29th stating “Disturbances are to be dreaded from the foreign devils; everywhere they are starting missions, erecting telegraphs, and building railways; they do not believe in the sacred doctrine, and they speak evil of the gods. Their sins are numberless as the hairs of the head. . . . The will of heaven is that the telegraph wires be first cut, then the railways torn up, and then shall the foreign devils be decapitated. In that day shall the hour of their calamities come.” By May 1st, Herbert Hoover, yes that Herbert Hoover happened to be in China at the time, he found the situation too dangerous and recalled his geological expeditions from the interior. Hoover and his wife Lou, stayed put in Tientsin. By mid May, news of Boxer atrocities flooded Beijing. 60 Chinese catholics had been slaughtered in Kaolo a village 90 miles away from Beijing. The bodies had been tossed down a well, the entire village razed. Then just 40 miles outside Beijing a Chinese preacher working for the British was murdered. MacDonald telegraphed Britain and the Zongli Yamen demanding an apology, but was given the usual run around. On May 19th, Bishop Favier sent a letter to the French Minister Stephen Pichon, urging him to send for troops. ““I am well-informed and I do not speak idly. This religious persecution is only a façade; the ultimate aim is the extermination of all Europeans.... The Boxers' accomplices await them in Peking; they mean to attack the churches first, then the legations. For us, in our Cathedral, the date of the attack has actually been fixed.“pour protéger nos personnes et nos biens”—“to protect our persons and our possessions.” The next day the foreign minister met to discuss Bishop Faviers' warning. MacDonald was skeptical, Pichon conceded Favier was a bit of an alarmist, but could be telling the truth. In the end the ministers agreed not to send to Tientsin a demand for further guards, but instead would ask the Qing government to crack down on the Boxers, or else they would summon troops. Well the Qing did not do so, in fact on May 23rd, George Morrison and Australian journalist wrote in his diary “the Boxers had the cognizance and approval of the Government, as shown by them drilling in the grounds of Imperial barracks and royal princes”. Morrison was one of the most knowledge westerners in China at the time and one of the few who could see the very real looming threat the Boxers were. Meanwhile MacDonald and his wife were preparing a major social event, a party to honor Queen Victories 80th birthday. Most of the foreign community took part and there were some of the conversations that emerged were about the rise of the Boxers. Yet still many waved it all off as nonesense that would soon fade away. The next day the foriegn community saw their Chinese gardners, washermen, house workers all begin leaving their work and going into hiding. It had become unsafe for Chinese, whether they be Christians or not to work for foreigners. At the same time Christian refugees began flooding the Beijings churches and gathering centers. Many of them bore wounds such as burn marks from Boxer attacks. On May 28th a refugee hobbled over to Morrison's house reporting to him dire news. The Belgian construction staff building at Changsintien had been attacked by Boxers. The Boxers were destroying the railway line linking Beijing and Hankou. Not only that, they were cutting telegraph lines and the stations at Fengtai were razed to the ground. These were the first reports of concentrated mass action against the foreigners. Morrison was so disturbed by the report he went himself with two friends racing over to Fengtai on horseback and what he saw was “black smoke curling ominously into the sky. It was as if the whole countryside was afoot, streaming towards the station. The engine sheds were on fire . . . and the villagers from all around were shouting. We could do nothing, though we should have shot a Chinaman who threatened us with a sword and swore to cut our throats. It will always be a regret to me that I did not kill this man.” A bit hardcore to be honest. Herbert Squiers 47 servants, most being Christian Chinese began raising alarm stating “these people are all Boxers, most of them flaunting the red sash, [and] are preparing for a general uprising when the time shall be ripe—an uprising that has for its watchword, ‘Death and destruction to the foreigner and all his works.'” Smoke and flames could be seen rising the locomotive shed that housed Empress Dowager's railway coach, something she naturally never used, mind you. Boxers blew up the foreign built steel bridge over the Peiho river. When trouble began in Fengtai, the Qing forces withdrew. Morrison went to work going out to the foreign villas to warn those there of the incoming Boxers. Herbert Squiers went to his villa accompanied by a Cossack guard lent to him by the Russian minister, de Giers. Russia had maintained a small armed guard in Beijing for quite some time now. The Chinese servants were saved by the party before the Boxers reached them. However the party now had to travel back to Beijing and could face two possible threats, Boxers or the Kansu. It was a 15 mile journey that took 5 hours, but they made it safely without incident. Meanwhile the Belgian engineers 16 miles from Beijing in Chansintien were stuck. Luckily for them the French dispatched a small force to rescue them before the Boxers struck. As the Belgians made their way to Beijing, they could see their residence up in flames in the distance. They also noticed Qing troops sent to aid them were joining the Boxers in looting their former residences. Another group of foreign engineers at Paotingfu were not as lucky as the rest and were attacked as they fled for Beijing. They were attacked at the same time as the railway line, thus they were unable to flee by train. The telegraph lines went soon after cutting their communication as well. Unable to communicate or know where Boxers may be coming from, they fled east to Tientsin using river boats. 30 Belgian, French and Italians with women in children departed Paotingu on May 31st. When they were boarding boats the Boxers attacked, and some of the families fled in the wrong direction and would be murdered. The majority huddled together and took dangerous routes through swamps to avoid further detection. Two men rushed to Tientsin as fast as they could reaching it on june 3rd to raise an alarm. The rest of the survivors showed up, most semi naked, dehydrated and wounded. Hearing news of these incidents, the foreign diplomats in Beijing were now beginning to freak out. On may 28th MacDonald formed a meeting with the ministers and argued they had no option left but to request the foreign fleets anchored outside the Taku forts send forces to the legations. There was a very real danger the rail link from Tientsin to Beijing would be severed, if they did not act quickly enough the foreign fleets would be unable to move troops by train. The French and Russians stated they already made their requests, so MacDonald hastily telegraphed Vice Admiral Sir Edward Seymour, yes the veteran of the second opium war who was now the commander of British naval forces in China. Seymour was currently patrolling the coast with his squadron when he received the telegraph. Meanwhile MacDonald lambasted the Zongli Yamen that they were damn fools or liars, before demanding they inform Prince Qing who was at the summer palace with Cixi “that the troops are coming tomorrow, and if [there is] any obstruction, they will come in ten times greater force.” On May 31st the Zongli Yamen gave official permission for the foreign troops to come to Beijing, but imposed a limit of 30 guards per legation, which all the foreign diplomats ignored. The first contingents departed Tientsin that same day for Beijing. The foreign diplomats knew having troops come over would bolster the Boxers to attack even more, but it seemed to all that the Qing court had no intention of helping. In fact they did not know it, but the Qing court were in a hell of a mess. On May 22nd, the Boxer attack upon Christians in Kaolo had also seen the death of the Manchu commander, Yang Futong. The Qing did not react to this and the Boxers were greatly emboldened, as they quickly went after the railways. An imperial edict was made on May 30th stating “the really guilty must be distinguished from those merely led by the excitement of the moment.” Sir Robert Hart, working as the inspector general of the Qing maritime customs had been closely observing the Qing response to the Boxers and would remark “The government seemed entirely unable to cope with the movement, even when they were willing; and the Government would, or could, do nothing but issue edicts, many of which were so dubiously worded that they might have been taken as equally favorable to the ‘Boxers,' or to Christians and foreigners.” The terrible position the Qing government were in was not lost on the foreigners as Sir Robert Hart told his colleagues “the Court appears to be in a dilemma: if the Boxers are not suppressed, the legations threaten to take action—if the attempt to suppress them is made, this intensely patriotic organization will be converted into an anti-dynastic movement!” Thus the foreign ministers knew they could not depend on the Qing government. They also knew they had inflamed the situation by calling up troops, but what choice did they have? There were worries the foreign troops would not reach Beijing in time, the ministers began issued protective directives. Women were not to leave the legation compounds, the diplomats and military personnel were to make efforts to investigate the situation at all times. One of the first things they uncovered were placards being places around the legation Quarters giving “helpful tips on how to destroy the foreign buildings”. This prompted MacDonald to telegraph the foreign office in London “The situation is one of extreme gravity, people very excited, troops mutinous; without doubt it is now a question of life and property being in danger here.” Boxers began parading openly in the streets of Beijing. Foreigners if caught walking the streets could expect rocks thrown at them by not just Boxers, but angry locals. French diplomat, Baron D'Anthouard described the scenes as such “handbills, and advocating the massacre of foreigners and the destruction of all religious institutions. They no longer take the trouble to hide, and move about carrying their insignia: a red scarf tied around their heads with the inscription ‘Fu' [Happiness] on the front of it, a kind of red coat of arms on their chest, and red bands around their wrists and ankles. They also carry flags with the inscription, ‘We fight by order of the Emperor and for the salvation of the Dynasty.' Their handbills announce the forthcoming massacre of the ‘Western devils.'” The foreigners in the legations began to plan defenses against possible attacks. I really recommend at this point checking out maps of the legation quarters 1900, there are excellent maps, photo's and renderings. The British legation was quite strong, had high walls, held the Jade river to one side and the Imperial Carriage park on the other, it was by far the strongest position. MacDonald knew it was their greatest stronghold and he immediately offered sanctuary to any and all British residents seeking refuge. There was news, 6000 Kansu soldiers had been deployed to the railway terminus at Machiapu just outside the city walls. The foreigners wondered if they would join in attacks against them. Machiapu also happened to be the railway station the foreign troops would be arriving at, was it going to be a battle when they did? The foreign diplomats bit their nails waiting for the trains to arrive and at long last they did bearing 350 men from Britain, Russia, America, France, Japan and Italy. Another group of Germans and Austrians were coming in the next few days. There were curses and screams thrown at the foreign troops, but no violence as they entered the city gates. The foreign community came rushing out to see the various soldiers march into Beijing. Captain Francis Poole of the East Yorkshire regiment acting as a guard at the British Legation had this to say of the sight “the British fighters were naturally the smartest, that the Americans were “a serviceable-looking lot,” but that the French, Russians, and Italians were “very dirty.” All the guards were ill-equipped for what was going to go down. The admirals who sent them did not anticipate how long they would be stationed there. Most had rifles with a few hundred rounds per man, but there was no reserve ammunition, no heavy weapons, aside from 3 machine guns. The British carried the Nordenfelt .45 which was prone to jamming; the Austrains had a Maxim gun; the Americans carried light Colt 236's. For artillery there was a single one pounder the Italians had brought with 120 shells. The Russians intended to bring a 12 pounder but left it behind at Tientsin because of space issues, though they did bring shells for it. Despite the small size, the diplomats were extremely grateful to see their new guards. MacDonald expressed his relief stating “the Empress Dowager would see the error of her ways. The crisis I think is past as far as Peking is concerned.” On June 3rd MacDonald sent word to Vice Admiral Seymour stating their situation had calmed down. The remaining German and Austrians arrived turning their guard force of 350 to 435. All seemed quiet at the legations, but outside Christian attacks were becoming more violent and systematic. News began to emerge that the Boxers were now targeting the railway line and stations to Tientsin. The foreign ministers met to discuss things going forward and it was argued immediately, the Boxers would most likely cut the telegraph lines to Beijing next. This of course met they would be unable to cable their governments to request more aid if it came to that. On June 4th, MacDonald requested the Zongli Yamen to publicly denounce the recent murder of two missionaries, but was ignored. The next day another meeting was made with Prince Qing, leading MacDonald to conclude the Zongli Yamen were powerless to do anything. His conclusion was bolstered by recent imperial edicts that exonerated the Boxers and instead began placing blame on Christians for violence. The atmosphere in Beijing was one of foreboding again. On June 9th a mob of Boxers burned down the grandstand the Beijing Race Course near the southern city gates. The news drew an excited young student interpreter to gallop over to take a look and he was confronted with a violent crowd. A Chinese civilian was shot during this process, the first to be killed by a foreigner. MacDonald was livid at the news and ordered no other foreigners to ride out of the city again. The ministers yet again met and debated if they should request further troops from the navy outside the Taku forts. MacDonald told everyone he already requested such from Vice Admiral Seymour as they expected the telegraph lines to be cut any day. Emperor Guangxu and Empress Dowager Cixi had also returned that day to the forbidden city from the summer palace. This would have brought relief to everyone if it was not also reported, General Dong Fuxiang and his entire Kansu army had escorted the royal party into the city. MacDonald sent word again to Seymour that he should send all available troops at once. He received a confirmation of the order on June 10th, help was on the way, just before the telegraph line to Tientsin was cut. The only line left was one running north to the Russians. The Kansu troops began massing around the Machiapu railway station clearly looking for a fight with the incoming relief force. Hours passed with no trains. Meanwhile Prince Qing was replaced as president by Prince Duan. Then the chancellor of the Japanese legation, Mr. Sugiyama, neatly dressed in a tailcoat and bowler hat went to the Muchiapu station to check out the situation. As he got outside the city gate, Kansu troops grabbed him out of his cart and according to Morisson “disemboweled and cut him to pieces. It is said his heart was ripped out and sent as a gift to General Dong Fuxiang”. There was zero attempt to recover his body. The remaining telegraph line to Russia was cut. The normally bustling streets of the legation Quarter were emptied of servants and shopkeepers who vanished. The situation had escalated beyond control now. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. The foreign community in Beijing managed to gain some extra guards for their legations, but what were a few hundred against tens of thousands? Mr. Sugiyama was murdered in cold blood and now the violence would hit the legations.
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