Podcasts about Tai

Ar tikrai su amžiumi darbe tampame mažiau lankstūs ir motyvuoti? Naujas tyrimas rodo priešingai – viskas priklauso ne nuo metų skaičiaus, o nuo aplinkos, kurioje dirbame.Stovykla „Dainava“ – tai vieta daugybei išeivių tapo neatskiriama gyvenimo dalimi – jų lietuvišku „kaimu“, primenančiu Lietuvą savo gamta, ežeru, mišku ir kalvomis Jungtinėse Valstijose.Ar kada susimąstėte, kiek nereikalingų vaistų kasmet grąžinama į vaistines sunaikinimui? Pernai – 35 tonos, o šiemet šis skaičius gali pasiekti net 40 tonų. Tai prilygsta maždaug 6 suaugusiems Afrikos drambliams – įspūdingas kiekis, kurį galėtume sumažinti sąmoningesniais sprendimais.Taip pat laidoje – apie siaubo žanrą, kuris, anot kai kurių mokslininkų, išgyvena atgimimą.

Aika jatkaa kauhukuuta ja jatkaa kauhuleffojen arvosteluja. Innostuin ensimmäisestä Conjuring -Kirottu leffasta sen verran paljon että halusin katsoa myös ne seuraavat osat, joita en ollutkaan aiemmin nähnyt. Niin nyt arvostelussa kaksi seuraavaa Conjuring elokuvaa, eli The Conjuring 2 ja The Conjuring: Devil made me do it, jotka olivatkin kätevästi HBO Maxissa. Oletko nähnyt näitä? Mitä mieltä? Kumpi näistä on parempi? Tai mikä on paras Kirottu leffa? 

Rēzeknis nūvoda Ūzulainis pogosts ir pīpiļsāta, padsmit kilometru nu Rēzeknis. Santa Ostaša jau 10 godu ir Ūzulainis tautys noma vadeituoja, vysaidu kulturys pasuokumu organizatore, ari uzjiemieja i daudzbārnu muote, tok Santa planavoj kai sovu dorba, tai i breivū laiku. „Kū vaira dori, tū vairuok gribīs. Es navaru atsasēst i ilgi sēdēt bez kaida dorba. Prūtams, ir breivdīnys, kod tu eistyn gribi kaidā cytaiduokā veidā pavadeit laika. Ari tei atpyuta ir saplānuota, lai vīnkuorši nav juovalk kači aiz astis. Kod esi drupeit atsapyuts, golva ir breivuoka, otkon, es smejūs, ka „tarakani sīvītis golvā nikod navar dzeivuot bez dorba” – itū citatu maņ pasaceja keramike Maija Gailuma, i es piļneigi pīkreitu. Tod suocās rūseiba otkon ar jaunom idejom. Vīna ideja pīvalk ūtru. Tu sateic īdvesmojūšus cylvākus, īraugi koč kū skaistu, īsadvesmoj i gribi koč kū skaistu eistynuot. Tai tuos lītys ari sasavalk.” Ūzulainis pogosts sastuov nu 29 cīmu ci sādžu, nu kurūs divejis vītys ir vysuvaira apdzeivuotys – Bekšu cīms, kurā atsarūn Ūzulainis tautys noms, i Pleikšņu lelcīms, kas atsarūn taišni pi poša Rēzeknis piļsātys rūbeža, i Santa redz, ka pogosta pasuokumi, kulturys dzeive juoveidoj naviņ Bekšūs, bet ari Pleikšņu kolnā. „Pyrma četru godu roduos ideja, ka Pleikšņūs ir tik šmuka, ainaviska vīta, nu kurys redz vysu Rēzeknis piļsātu i cīši lelu daļu nūvoda, ka tai vajag daškiert eipašuoku nūzeimi. Iz tīni ir guojuši, i vēļ arviņ īt daudzi puoreiši iz randenim, daudzim nu itūs puoreišu jau ir bārni i mozbārni. Tei jau ir vīta ar stuostu i legendu. Kod mes suocem pyrmū pasuokumu veiduot, itaidu puoreišu tymā pasuokumā atsaroda ni vīns viņ, kurs atguoja taišni ar taidu kai breinuma sajiutu – itei ir myusu īpasazeišonys vīta. Mes suocem ar Pleikšņu kolna svātkim. Trešajā godā Pleikšņu kolnā uztaisejom dzejis dīnu „Gulguošonu”. Maņ vajag tikai impulsu. Es lobpruot asu par vysom iniciativom i aktivitatem.” Santa kulturys pauokuma sagataveišonā īsaista vysu komandu i reizem īrūbežuotī leidzekli veicynoj rodūšumu. „Mes asom moza ryukeišu komanda, bet cīši forša, tamā ziņā, ka cyti jam psihologus, kab salīdeitu komandu i vysaidus tīmbildingu pasuokumus veidoj, mums tī tīmbildingu pasuokumi pamatā veidojās tymūs breižūs, kod mes izdūmojam, ka vajag radeit jaunu nūformiejumu, bet lai tys naprosa lelys izmoksys. Mes asam radiejuši fantastisku egļu čīkuru sīnu, asam ītārpuši vysu kulturys nomu smylgu rūtuos, vīnu godu asam nu bārza tuošu radejuši muokslys dorbus. Mes spielejamīs ar dobys materialim tai, kai vacī floristi muoceitu, i mes rodam cīši skaistys lītys, reizē mes tymā laikā sasalīdejom, rodūt koč kū cīši skaistu.” Santa lepojās ar pasuokumim, kuru idejis suokušuos Ūzulainis pogostā, tok aizguojušys jau ari iz cytom vītom. „Mes asam uztaisejuši pyrmū pierts festivalu Latgolā. Cytūs godūs redziejom, ka cytuos Latgolys vītuos pasaruoda leidzeiga tipa pasuokumi. Mes asam īdybynuojuši ari senioru klubu saliduojumus Rēzeknis nūvodā. Mums pateik ari byut atraktivim – pi myusu ir nūtics pyrmais augstpapiežu kūrpu skriejīņs Latgolā, kas paguojušā godā svinēja sovu pīcu godu jubileju. Veramīs, ka kaimiņu nūvodim ari myusu ideja cīši pateik, tai ka forši byut īdvesmuotuojam i forši byut pīmāra ruodeituojam. Latgaliskuos īvierzis pasuokums „Latgalīšu olimpiade ci čangaļu saliduojums” ari ir rodīs pi myusu.”  

Anksčiau ar vėliau ilgalaikiuose santykiuose iškyla klausimas: ar turėsime vaikų, ar bandysime jų susilaukti? Tai jautri ir daugiasluoksnė tema. Ją antrajame savo psichologiniame pokalbyje NARA tinklalaidėje kelia Laura Riaubaitė-Pinzar ir Jonė Piekuraitė-Dudėnė. Kviečiame išgirsti. Daugiau informacijos: https://nara.lt/lt/articles-lt/laura-ir-jone-vaikai Palaikykite NARA tinklalaidę: https://nara.lt/support

Kotimainen hittielokuva Sisu sai jatkoa, kun Sisu 2 tuli juuri ensi-iltaan. Sisu oli mielestäni ilmestymisvuotensa paras elokuva, joten tottakai jatko-osa piti mennä heti katsomaan ja nyt se on arvostelussa. Mielenkiinnolla odotin miten Sisun jatko-osa toimii ja sitä lähdetäänkin selvittämään arvostelussa. Kanavalla myös Jalmari Helanderin ja Jorma Tommilan haastattelu Sisu 2 leffan tiimoilta. Aiotko mennä katsomaan Sisu 2? Tai oletko jo nähnyt? Mitä mieltä? Kumpi Sisu on mielestäsi parempi? Mikä on Helanderin paras leffa? Entä Jorma Tommilan paras leffa tai rooli? 

Mikon valittua väärin survivor pickinsä kaupungissa on uusi sheriffi. Tai ainakin joku joka luulee olevansa Mikko. Käydään läpi viime viikon tärkeimmät tapahtumat ja tulevan viikon pelit, keskittyen vahvasti etenkin Joe Flaccoon ja siihen miten back Chiefs onkaan. Uutiset (01:49) Matsit (31:57)

Ekologinį mišrų ūkį Šilalės rajone turintis ūkininkas Algirdas Taroza mato ne tik šio ūkininkavimo privalumus. Dideli reikalavimai pieno ūkiams, ribotas šėrimas neleidžia naudoti pašarų kaip įprastuose ūkiuose. Dėl to nukenčia karvių produktyvumas. Patyręs ekologinio ūkio šeimininkas svarsto, kad kaina už ekologišką pieną taip pat turėtų būti didesnė. Žemės ūkio ministro patarėjo Mindaugo Petkevičiaus komentaras apie ekologinių pieno ūkių situaciją šalyje .Senąsias duonos kepimo tradicijas saugo ir populiarina Kretingos rajono Darbėnų kaimo gyventoja Vida Viskontienė. Jos giminėje iš kartos į kartą moterys kepė duoną. Moteris turi tautinio paveldo sertifikatą ir liaudies amatų meistro pažymėjimą. Dabar Vida Viskontienė darbo subtilybėmis ir sukaupta giminės bei kitų Žemaitijos moterų patirtimi per edukacijas dalijasi su kitais.Užsienis. Keičiantis klimatui šyla Juodosios jūros vanduo. Tai tampa rimtu išbandymu Bulgarijos midijų augintojams, norintiems prisitaikyti prie besikeičiančių darbo sąlygų. Kokius sprendimus jiems tenka priimti?Ved. Regina Montvilienė

Nors kolektyvinėje sutartyje numatyta, kad mokytojų atlyginimai kasmet turi augti greičiau nei šalies vidutinis darbo užmokestis, Vyriausybės pateiktas kitų metų biudžeto projektas šio pažado neatspindi. Tai netenkina dalies švietimo bendruomenės. Pokalbis su švietimo, mokslo ir sporto ministre Raminta Popoviene, Švietimo darbuotojų profesinės sąjungos pirmininku Andriumi Navicku ir Lietuvos švietimo ir mokslo profesinės sąjungos vadovu Egidijumi Milešinu.Ved. Darius Matas.

F. Scott Fitzgerald. „Keista Bendžamino Batono istorija“. Vertė Evelina Gužauskytė, išleido leidykla „Sofoklis“.Tai pasakojimas apie ypatingą žmogų ir apie žmones bei vietas, kurias jis atranda. Apie meiles, kurias sutinka. Apie gyvenimo džiaugsmus. Apie mirties liūdesį. Ir apie tai, kas pasilieka po laiko. Knygos ištraukas skaito aktorė Elona Karoblytė.

Britų garso menininkas Paulas Purgasas, 2017 metais nuvykęs į Nacionalinį dizaino institutą Ahmadabade, Indijoje, aptiko seniai pamirštų įrašų, kurie nebuvo liesti beveik penkis dešimtmečius, slėptuvę. Tai buvo pirmieji indiški elektroninės avangardinės muzikos pavyzdžiai, sukurti MOOG sintezatoriumi tarp 1969 ir 1972 metų, kuriuos restauravus, neseniai išleistas specialus rinkinys.Laidos autoriai Šarūnas Nakas ir Mindaugas Urbaitis.

Lietuvai toliau stiprinant oro erdvės kontrolę, nustatytas 26 ribojamųjų zonų tinklas visoje šalies teritorijoje, teigia susisiekimo ministras Juras Taminskas. Šios zonos bus aktyvuojamos prireikus skubiai panaudoti karinę jėgą prieš bepiločius, kurie pažeidė Lietuvos oro erdvę.Naujausia Eurobarometro apklausa rodo, kad du iš trijų Lietuvos gyventojų namuose turi žibintuvėlį arba žvakių, bet mažiau nei pusė turi sukaupę vandens ar maisto atsargų. Absoliuti dauguma gyventojų yra įsitikinę, kad nelaimės atveju jiems efektyviai pagelbės tarnybos.Būsimasis Trampo ir Zelenskio susitikimas, pasak apžvalgininkų gali būti visiškai nenuspėjamas. Ukrainos vadovas atvyko į Vašingtoną su tikslu gauti sparnuotųjų raketų „Tomahok“. Sprendimą Jungtinių Valstijų prezidentas žadėjo priimti artimiausiu metu, tačiau Kyjivo lūkesčius temdo žinia, kad susitikimo išvakarėse Trampas pasikalbėjo su Putinu ir sutarė dar kartą pasimatyti akis į akį.Kaip užtikrinti Ukrainos finansavimą? Tai vienas iš klausimų, kurį aptaria šiomis dienomis JAV, Tarptautiniame valiutos fonde besilankantis Lietuvos banko pirmininkas Gediminas Šimkus.Soduose baigiami skinti lietuviški obuoliai. Šiemet derlius prastas, tad skynėjai beveik neturi darbo. Pasvalio rajono soduose kasmet obuolius skindavo keli šimtai žmonių, šiemet - keliolika. Sodininkai sako, kad lietuviškų obuolių vargu ar šiemet užteks iki metų pabaigos.Ved. Agnė Skamarakaitė

F. Scott Fitzgerald. „Keista Bendžamino Batono istorija“. Vertė Evelina Gužauskytė, išleido leidykla „Sofoklis“.Tai pasakojimas apie ypatingą žmogų ir apie žmones bei vietas, kurias jis atranda. Apie meiles, kurias sutinka. Apie gyvenimo džiaugsmus. Apie mirties liūdesį. Ir apie tai, kas pasilieka po laiko. Knygos ištraukas skaito aktorė Elona Karoblytė.

Spalio 18 d. prasideda festivalis „Gaida“.Spalio 18 d. Valstybiniame Šiaulių dramos teatre – antroji sezono premjera. Tai režisieriaus Jokūbo Brazio spektaklis „Icarus machine“, kuriame dekonstruojamas Dedalo ir Ikaro mitas. Pasakoja Tomas Mizgirdas.Vilniaus Šv. Kryžiaus Atradimo (Kalvarijų) bažnyčioje aptikta XVII sieninė tapyba.Maironio lietuvių literatūros muziejuje Kaune įvyko tarptautinė mokslinė konferencija „Nepalaužiami ir nesunaikinami: Antrojo pasaulinio karo literatūrinė ir istorinė atmintis“. Pasakoja Skirmantė Javaitytė.Ved. Donatas Šukelis

F. Scott Fitzgerald. „Keista Bendžamino Batono istorija“. Vertė Evelina Gužauskytė, išleido leidykla „Sofoklis“.Tai pasakojimas apie ypatingą žmogų ir apie žmones bei vietas, kurias jis atranda. Apie meiles, kurias sutinka. Apie gyvenimo džiaugsmus. Apie mirties liūdesį. Ir apie tai, kas pasilieka po laiko. Knygos ištraukas skaito aktorė Elona Karoblytė.

Socialiniame tinkle „Instagram“ vaikai iki 13 metų netrukus nebematys jiems žalingos informacijos. Pasak „Instagramą“ valdančios bendrovės „Meta“, tokia naujovė įvedama siekiant labiau apsaugoti paauglius. Ar tai įmanoma?Aktualus klausimas. Ūkininkai socialiniuose tinkluose siūlo pirkti kviečius, kuriais būtų galima šildytis. Dalis ūkininkų atkreipia dėmesį, kad grūdų supirkimo kainos tokios žemos, jog jais galima kūrenti krosnis. Kaip vertinate tai, kad dalis ūkininkų parduoda grūdus krosnims kūrenti, o dalis žmonių tai iš tiesų daro?Pirmasis nepriklausomos Lietuvos vadovas Vytautas Landsbergis linki drąsos kovojant už valstybę. Pasak profesoriaus, Kultūros asamblėjos atsiradimas bei plėtimasis rodo, jog žmonėms įgriso melas.Daugėja žmonių, susiduriančių su skurdo rizika. Pernai skurdo riziką patyrė 21,5 proc. arba 620 tūkst. gyventojų. Tai beveik 1 proc. daugiau nei užpernai. Kodėl taip yra?Lietuviškų ginklų ir amunicijos gamintojai beldžiasi į valdžios duris ir prašo daugiau užsakymų, tačiau valstybė labiau žvalgosi į Vakarų kompanijas.Ved. Edvardas Kubilius

Iš Lietuvos kilusi mokslininkė Ieva Jusionytė apdovanota viena prestižiškiausių JAV mokslo stipendijų, MacArthur „Genius Grant“. Ji skiriama mokslininkams už kūrybingumą, originalumą ir išskirtinį indėlį į savo sritį.Pokalbis su Australijoje gyvenančia rašytoja Viktorija Butautis apie ką tik knygynuose pasirodžiusią knygą „Magnetinė sala“ ir pomėgį keliauti.Verslo liudijimas, individuali veikla ar mažoji bendrija – kaip pasirinkti tinkamiausią veiklos rūšį, jei nusprendėte patys sau susikurti darbo vietą ar papildomai užsidirbti?Lietuva 33 kartą mini Baltosios lazdelės dieną. Ta proga Šiauliuose regėjimo negalią turintiems žmonėms pristatytas ypatingas kūrinys. Tai pojūčių labirinto teatro metodu sukurtas jutiminis spektaklis „Aš – mažasis princas“ pagal Antuano de Sent-Egziuperi knygą „Mažasis princas“.Auksinio proto atrankos žaidimas.Ved. Darius Matas.

Zaelene Maxwell-Butler phones in to chat with us about Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki, an Iwi based in Maraetai, Te Waitematā and Tikapa Moana. Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki exercise mana whenua and mana moana interests across Auckland and the Hauraki Gulf. Whakarongo mai e te iwi - Tapuwae o Nuku, Tapuwae Ariki, Tapuwae o Tai.

Tai tęsiasi! Iškart po Eurolygos sezono starto grįžtą ir „Pezam apie BasketNews Fantasy” su CBet apžvalgos. Du draugai Karolis Tiškevičius ir Kazimieras Labanauskas ir vėl surinko savo neprilygstamas komandas, kurias kiekvieną savaitę lygins su jūsiškėmis. Jungiame, juokiamės ir verkiame drauge! Žaisti „BasketNews Fantasy“, kurį pristato CBet, galite čia: https://fantasy.basketnews.com/ Temos: Niekas nelaukė, bet jie grįžta (0:00); Fantasy pokyčiai (2:00); Populiariausi ir greit parduoti žaidėjai (7:49); Karolio komandos pasirodymas 1-ajame ture (14:21); Karolio komandos pasirodymas 2-ajame ture (16:20); Kazio komandos pasirodymas 1-ajame ture (17:21); Kazio komandos pasirodymas 2-ajame ture (19:06); Keitimai Karolio komandoje (21:39); Keitimai Kazio komandoje (24:01); Karolio ir Kazio savaitės rekomendacijos (30:10); Komentatorių galimybė laimėti Žvagulio akinius (36:18); 5-ios minutės su dirbtiniu intelektu - Nedu B (37:40); „CBet Lietuvos Fantasy Krepšinio Lygos“ (LFKL) apžvalga (52:44). Kaip kiti atidaro savo lygas (1:02:21).

Per Olov Enquist. „Blanša ir Marija“. Išleido Lietuvos rašytojų sąjungos leidykla.Tai dramatiška istorija apie meilę, šlovę, gėdą ir mirtį.Jos veikėjai – savitai susipynusios istorinės asmenybės: fizikė, dukart Nobelio premijos laureatė Marija Sklodovska Kiuri, neurologijos profesorius Žanas Martenas Šarko ir jo pacientė Blanša Vitman. Knygos ištraukas skaito aktorius Aleksas Kazanavičius.

Ar pasiteisino dviračių gatvės Vilniuje? Pokalbyje dalyvauja „JUDU“ vadovė Loreta Levulytė-Staškevičienė ir Lietuvos dviratininkų bendrijos tarybos narys Justas Ingelevičius.„Mane tarsi apsėdo ta istorija. Norėjau ją papasakoti žmonėms. Puoliau filmuoti, o tik vėliau pradėjau galvoti apie filmą, jo gamybą ir finansavimą“, – apie savo dokumentinį filmą „Galva“ pasakoja režisierė Giedrė Genevičiūtė. Filmas pasakoja apie Palaimintojo kunigo Mykolo Sopočkos hospise paskutines savo gyvenimo dienas leidusį Martyną Šorį. Jis sirgo šonine amiotrofine skleroze ir bendravo tik akimis. Pokalbyje dalyvauja režisierė Giedrė Genevičiūtė, ją su Martynu Šoriu supažindinęs Linas Ryškus, kuris yra ir scenarijaus bendrautoris ir buvusi hospiso savanorė Danutė Pelėchaitė.„Keliauk Lietuvoje“ parengė leidinį, skirtą specialiai paaugliams. Kokie turistiniai objektai gali būti patrauklūs 12-17 m. auditorijai? Apie leidinį pasakoja „Keliauk Lietuvoje“ vietinio turizmo ekspertė Neringa Sutkaitytė.Šįkart „LRT ieško sprendimų“ komanda domisi saugumo baruose ir klubuose iniciatyvomis. Mokslininkai iš Ispanijos ir Portugalijos sukūrė apyrankę, galinčią nustatyti ar į gėrimą įpilta prievartavimo narkotikų. Tai – įvairios medžiagos, kurios paveikia asmens valią, padaro jį neveiksnų ir taip smarkiai padidina riziką patirti seksualinę prievartą. Ši apyrankė jau parduodama Ispanijoje ir Portugalijoje. Ją žmonės nešioja lankydamiesi klubuose, baruose ar festivaliuose. Kartais renginiuose jos dalijamos nemokamai. Kaip veikia apyrankė ir kas dar padeda nustatyti, kad į gėrimą buvo įpilta narkotinių mEdžiagų, pasakoja kolegė Ieva Radzevičiūtė.Ved. Agnė Skamarakaitė

Last time we spoke about the Nanjing Massacre. Japanese forces breached Nanjing as Chinese defenders retreated under heavy bombardment, and the city fell on December 13. In the following weeks, civilians and disarmed soldiers endured systematic slaughter, mass executions, rapes, looting, and arson, with casualties mounting rapidly. Among the most brutal episodes were hundreds of executions near the Safety Zone, mass shootings along the Yangtze River, and killings at improvised sites and “killing fields.” The massacre involved tens of thousands of prisoners, with estimates up to 300,000 victims. Women and children were subjected to widespread rape, mutilation, and terror intended to crush morale and resistance. Although the Safety Zone saved many lives, it could not shield all refugees from harm, and looting and arson devastated large parts of the city. Foreign witnesses, missionaries, and diary entries documented the extensive brutality and the apparent premeditated nature of many acts, noting the collapse of discipline among troops and orders that shaped the violence.    #169 Nanjing has Fallen, the War is not Over Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. Directly after the fall of Nanjing, rumors circulated among the city's foreigners that Tang Shengzhi had been executed for his inability to hold the city against the Japanese onslaught. In fact, unlike many of his subordinates who fought in the defense, he survived. On December 12, he slipped through Yijiang Gate, where bullets from the 36th Division had claimed numerous victims, and sailed across the Yangtze to safety. Chiang Kai-shek protected him from bearing direct consequences for Nanjing's collapse. Tang was not unscathed, however. After the conquest of Nanjing, a dejected Tang met General Li Zongren at Xuzhou Railway Station. In a brief 20-minute conversation, Tang lamented, “Sir, Nanjing's fall has been unexpectedly rapid. How can I face the world?” Li, who had previously taunted Tang for over-eagerness, offered sympathy. “Don't be discouraged. Victory or defeat comes every day for the soldier. Our war of resistance is a long-term proposition. The loss of one city is not decisive.” By December 1937, the outlook for Chiang Kai-shek's regime remained bleak. Despite his public pledges, he had failed to defend the capital. Its sturdy walls, which had withstood earlier sieges, were breached in less than 100 hours. Foreign observers remained pessimistic about the prospects of continuing the fight against Japan. The New York Times wrote “The capture of Nanking was the most overwhelming defeat suffered by the Chinese and one of the most tragic military debacles in modern warfare. In defending Nanking, the Chinese allowed themselves to be surrounded and then slaughtered… The graveyard of tens of thousands of Chinese soldiers may also be the graveyard of all Chinese hopes of resisting conquest by Japan.” Foreign diplomats doubted Chiang's ability to sustain the war, shrinking the question to whether he would stubbornly continue a losing fight or seek peace. US Ambassador Nelson Johnson wrote in a letter to Admiral Yarnell, then commander of the US Asicatic Fleet “There is little left now for the Chinese to do except to carry on a desultory warfare in the country, or to negotiate for the best terms they can get”.  The Japanese, too, acted as if Chiang Kai-shek had already lost the war. They assumed the generalissimo was a spent force in Chinese politics as well, and that a gentle push would suffice to topple his regime like a house of cards. On December 14, Prime Minister Konoe announced that Chiang's losses of Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and now Nanjing, had created a new situation. “The National Government has become but a shadow of its former self. If a new Chinese regime emerged to replace Chiang's government, Japan would deal with it, provided it is a regime headed in the right direction.” Konoe spoke the same day as a Liaison Conference in Tokyo, where civilian and military leaders debated how to treat China now that it had been thoroughly beaten on the battlefield. Japanese demands had grown significantly: beyond recognizing Manchukuo, Japan pressed for the creation of pro-Japanese regimes in Inner Mongolia and the north China area. The same day, a puppet government was established in Japanese-occupied Beijing. While these demands aimed to end China as a unitary state, Japanese policy was moving toward the same goal. The transmissions of these demands via German diplomatic channels caused shock and consternation in Chinese government circles, and the Chinese engaged in what many regarded as stalling tactics. Even at this late stage, there was division among Japan's top decision makers. Tada, deputy chief of the Army General Staff, feared a protracted war in China and urged keeping negotiations alive. He faced strong opposition from the cabinet, including the foreign minister and the ministers of the army and navy, and ultimately he relented. Tada stated “In this state of emergency, it is necessary to avoid any political upheaval that might arise from a struggle between the Cabinet and the Army General Staff.” Although he disagreed, he no longer challenged the uncompromising stance toward China. On January 16, 1938, Japan publicly stated that it would “cease henceforth to deal with” Chiang Kai-shek. This was a line that could not be uncrossed. War was the only option. Germany, the mediator between China and Japan, also considered Chiang a losing bet. In late January 1938, von Dirksen, the German ambassador in Tokyo, urged a fundamental shift in German diplomacy and advocated abandoning China in favor of Japan. He warned that this was a matter of urgency, since Japan harbored grudges against Germany for its half-hearted peace efforts. In a report, von Dirksen wrote that Japan, “in her deep ill humor, will confront us with unpleasant decisions at an inopportune moment.” Von Dirksen's view carried the day in Berlin. Nazi Germany and Hirohito's Japan were on a trajectory that, within three years, would forge the Axis and place Berlin and Tokyo in the same camp in a conflict that would eventually span the globe. Rabe, who returned to Germany in 1938, found that his account of Japanese atrocities in Nanjing largely fell on deaf ears. He was even visited by the Gestapo, which apparently pressed him to keep quiet about what he had seen. Ambassador von Dirksen also argued in his January 1938 report that China should be abandoned because of its increasingly friendly ties with the Soviet Union. There was some merit to this claim. Soviet aid to China was substantial: by the end of 1937, 450 Soviet aviators were serving in China. Without them, Japan likely would have enjoyed air superiority. Chiang Kai-shek, it seemed, did not fully understand the Russians' motives. They were supplying aircraft and pilots to keep China in the war while keeping themselves out. After Nanjing's fall, Chiang nevertheless reached out to Joseph Stalin, inviting direct Soviet participation in the war. Stalin politely declined, noting that if the Soviet Union joined the conflict, “the world would say the Soviet Union was an aggressor, and sympathy for Japan around the world would immediately increase.” In a rare moment of candor a few months later, the Soviet deputy commissar for foreign affairs spoke with the French ambassador, describing the situation in China as “splendid.” He expected China to continue fighting for several more years, after which Japan would be too weakened to undertake major operations against the Soviet Union. It was clear that China was being used. Whatever the motive, China was receiving vital help from Stalin's Russia while the rest of the world stood on the sidelines, reluctant to upset Japan. Until Operation Barbarossa, when the Soviet Union was forced to the brink by the German Army and could no longer sustain extensive overseas aid, it supplied China with 904 planes, 1,516 trucks, 1,140 artillery pieces, 9,720 machine guns, 50,000 rifles, 31,600 bombs, and more. Despite all of this, all in all, China's position proved less disastrous than many observers had feared. Chinese officials later argued that the battle of Nanjing was not the unmitigated fiasco it appeared to be. Tang Shengzhi had this to say in his memoirs“I think the main purpose of defending Nanjing was to buy time, to allow troops that had just been pulled out of battle to rest and regroup. It wasn't simply because it was the capital or the site of Sun Yat-sen's mausoleum.” Tan Daoping, an officer in Nanjing, described the battle “as a moderate success because it drew the Japanese in land”. This of course was a strategy anticipated by interwar military thinker Jiang Baili. It also allowed dozens of Chinese divisions to escape Shanghai, since the Japanese forces that could have pursued them were tied down with the task of taking Nanjing. Tan Daoping wrote after the war “They erred in believing they could wage a quick war and decide victory immediately. Instead, their dream was shattered; parts of their forces were worn out, and they were hindered from achieving a swift end”. Even so, it was a steep price was paid in Chinese lives. As in Shanghai, the commanders in Nanjing thought they could fight on the basis of sheer willpower. Chinese officer Qin Guo Qi wrote in his memoirs “In modern war, you can't just rely on the spirit of the troops. You can't merely rely on physical courage and stamina. The battle of Nanjing explains that better than anything”. As for the Brigade commander of the 87th division, Chen Yiding, who emerged from Nanjing with only a few hundred survivors, was enraged. “During the five days of the battle for Nanjing, my superiors didn't see me even once. They didn't do their duty. They also did not explain the overall deployments in the Nanjing area. What's worse, they didn't give us any order to retreat. And afterwards I didn't hear of any commander being disciplined for failing to do his job.” Now back in November of 1937, Chiang Kai-shek had moved his command to the great trinity of Wuhan. For the Nationalists, Wuhan was a symbolically potent stronghold: three municipalities in one, Hankou, Wuchang, and Hanyang. They had all grown prosperous as gateways between coastal China and the interior. But the autumn disasters of 1937 thrust Wuhan into new prominence, and, a decade after it had ceased to be the temporary capital, it again became the seat of military command and resistance. Leading Nationalist politicians had been seen in the city in the months before the war, fueling suspicions that Wuhan would play a major role in any imminent conflict. By the end of the year, the generals and their staffs, along with most of the foreign embassies, had moved upriver. Yet as 1937 slipped into 1938, the Japanese advance seemed practically unstoppable. From the destruction of Shanghai, to the massacre in Nanjing, to the growing vulnerability of Wuhan, the NRA government appeared powerless against the onslaught.  Now the Japanese government faced several options: expanding the scope of the war to force China into submission, which would risk further depletion of Japan's military and economic resources; establishing an alternative regime in China as a bridge for reconciliation, thereby bypassing the Nationalist government for negotiations; and engaging in indirect or direct peace negotiations with the Nationalist Government, despite the failure of previous attempts, while still seeking new opportunities for negotiation. However, the Nanjing massacre did not compel the Chinese government and its people to submit. On January 2, Chiang Kai-shek wrote in his diary, “The conditions proposed by Japan are equivalent to the conquest and extinction of our country. Rather than submitting and perishing, it is better to perish in defeat,” choosing to refuse negotiations and continue resistance.  In January 1938 there was a new escalation of hostilities. Up to that point, Japan had not officially declared war, even during the Shanghai campaign and the Nanjing massacre. However on January 11, an Imperial Conference was held in Tokyo in the presence of Emperor Hirohito. Prime Minister Konoe outlined a “Fundamental Policy to deal with the China Incident.”The Imperial Conference was attended by Prime Minister Fumimaro Konoe, Army Chief of Staff Prince Kan'in, Navy Minister Admiral Fushimi, and others to reassess its policy toward China. Citing the Nationalist Government's delay and lack of sincerity, the Japanese leadership decided to terminate Trautmann's mediation. At the conference, Japan articulated a dual strategy: if the Nationalist Government did not seek peace, Japan would no longer regard it as a viable negotiating partner, instead supporting emerging regimes, seeking to resolve issues through incidents, and aiming either to eliminate or incorporate the existing central government; if the Nationalist Government sought reconciliation, it would be required to cease resistance, cooperate with Japan against communism, and pursue economic cooperation, including officially recognizing Manchukuo and allowing Japanese troops in Inner Mongolia, North China, Central China, and co-governance of Shanghai. The Konoe cabinet relayed this proposal to the German ambassador in Japan on December 22, 1937: It called for: diplomatic recognition of Manchukuo; autonomy for Inner Mongolia; cessation of all anti-Japanese and anti-Manchukuo policies; cooperation between Japan, Manchukuo, and China against communism; war reparations; demilitarized zones in North China and Inner Mongolia; and a trade agreement among Japan, Manchukuo, and China.  Its terms were too severe, including reparations payable to Japan and new political arrangements that would formalize the separation of north China under Japanese control. Chiang's government would have seventy-two hours to accept; if they refused, Tokyo would no longer recognize the Nationalist government and would seek to destroy it.  On January 13, 1938, the Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Chonghui informed Germany that China needed a fuller understanding of the additional conditions for peace talks to make a decision. The January 15 deadline for accepting Japan's terms elapsed without Chinese acceptance. Six days after the deadline for a Chinese government reply, an Imperial Conference “Gozen Kaigi” was convened in Tokyo to consider how to handle Trautmann's mediation. The navy, seeing the war as essentially an army matter, offered no strong position; the army pressed for ending the war through diplomatic means, arguing that they faced a far more formidable Far Eastern Soviet threat at the northern Manchukuo border and wished to avoid protracted attrition warfare. Foreign Minister Kōki Hirota, however, strongly disagreed with the army, insisting there was no viable path to Trautmann's mediation given the vast gap between Chinese and Japanese positions. A second conference followed on January 15, 1938, attended by the empire's principal cabinet members and military leaders, but without the emperor's presence. The debate grew heated over whether to continue Trautmann's mediation. Hayao Tada, Deputy Chief of Army General Staff, argued for continuation, while Konoe, Hirota, Navy Minister Mitsumasa Yonai, and War Minister Hajime Sugiyama opposed him. Ultimately, Tada acceded to the position of Konoe and Hirota. On the same day, Konoe conveyed the cabinet's conclusion, termination of Trautmann's mediation, to the emperor. The Japanese government then issued a statement on January 16 declaring that it would no longer treat the Nationalist Government as a bargaining partner, signaling the establishment of a new Chinese regime that would cooperate with Japan and a realignment of bilateral relations. This became known as the first Konoe statement, through which Tokyo formally ended Trautmann's mediation attempt. The Chinese government was still weighing its response when, at noon on January 16, Konoe publicly declared, “Hereafter, the Imperial Government will not deal with the National Government.” In Japanese, this became the infamous aite ni sezu (“absolutely no dealing”). Over the following days, the Japanese government made it clear that this was a formal breach of relations, “stronger even than a declaration of war,” in the words of Foreign Minister Hirota Kōki. The Chinese ambassador to Japan, who had been in Tokyo for six months since hostilities began, was finally recalled. At the end of January, Chiang summoned a military conference and declared that the top strategic priority would be to defend the east-central Chinese city of Xuzhou, about 500 kilometers north of Wuhan. This decision, like the mobilization near Lugouqiao, was heavily influenced by the railway: Xuzhou sat at the midpoint of the Tianjin–Pukou Jinpu line, and its seizure would grant the Japanese mastery over north–south travel in central China. The Jinpu line also crossed the Longhai line, China's main cross-country artery from Lanzhou to the port of Lianyungang, north of Shanghai. The Japanese military command marked the Jinpu line as a target in spring 1938. Control over Xuzhou and the rail lines threading through it were thus seen as vital to the defense of Wuhan, which lay to the city's south. Chiang's defense strategy fit into a larger plan evolving since the 1920s, when the military thinker Jiang Baili had first proposed a long war against Japan; Jiang's foresight earned him a position as an adviser to Chiang in 1938. Jiang had previously run the Baoding military academy, a predecessor of the Whampoa academy, which had trained many of China's finest young officers in the early republic 1912–1922. Now, many of the generals who had trained under Jiang gathered in Wuhan and would play crucial roles in defending the city: Chen Cheng, Bai Chongxi, Tang Shengzhi, and Xue Yue. They remained loyal to Chiang but sought to avoid his tendency to micromanage every aspect of strategy.  Nobody could say with certainty whether Wuhan would endure the Japanese onslaught, and outsiders' predictions were gloomy. As Wuhan's inhabitants tasted their unexpected new freedoms, the Japanese pressed on with their conquest of central China. After taking Nanjing, the IJA 13th Division crossed the Yangtze River to the north and advanced to the Outang and Mingguang lines on the east bank of the Chihe River in Anhui Province, while the 2nd Army of the North China Front crossed the Yellow River to the south between Qingcheng and Jiyang in Shandong, occupied Jinan, and pressed toward Jining, Mengyin, and Qingdao. To open the Jinpu Railway and connect the northern and southern battlefields, the Japanese headquarters mobilized eight divisions, three brigades, and two detachments , totaling about 240,000 men. They were commanded by General Hata Shunroku, commander of the Central China Expeditionary Army, and Terauchi Hisaichi, commander of the North China Front Army. Their plan was a north–south advance: first seize Xuzhou, a strategic city in east China; then take Zhengzhou in the west along the Longhai Railway connecting Lanzhou and Lianyungang; and finally push toward Wuhan in the south along the Pinghan Railway connecting Beijing and Hankou. At the beginning of 1938, Japan's domestic mobilization and military reorganization had not yet been completed, and there was a shortage of troops to expand the front. At the Emperor's Imperial Conference on February 16, 1938, the General Staff Headquarters argued against launching operations before the summer of 1938, preferring to consolidate the front in 1938 and undertake a large-scale battle in 1939. Although the Northern China Expeditionary Force and the Central China Expeditionary Force proposed a plan to open the Jinpu Line to connect the northern and southern battlefields, the proposal was not approved by the domestic General Staff Headquarters. The Chinese army, commanded by Li Zongren, commander-in-chief of the Fifth War Zone, mobilized about 64 divisions and three brigades, totaling roughly 600,000 men. The main force was positioned north of Xuzhou to resist the southern Japanese advance, with a portion deployed along the southern Jinpu Railway to block the southern push and secure Xuzhou. Early in the campaign, Chiang Kai-shek redeployed the heavy artillery brigade originally promised to Han Fuju to Tang Enbo's forces. To preserve his strength, Shandong Provincial Governor Han Fuju abandoned the longstanding Yellow River defenses in Shandong, allowing the Japanese to capture the Shandong capital of Jinan in early March 1938. This defection opened the Jinpu Railway to attack. The Japanese 10th Division, under Rensuke Isogai, seized Tai'an, Jining, and Dawenkou, ultimately placing northern Shandong under Japanese control. The aim was to crush the Chinese between the two halves of a pincer movement. At Yixian and Huaiyuan, north of Xuzhou, both sides fought to the death: the Chinese could not drive back the Japanese, but the Japanese could not scatter the defenders either. At Linyi, about 50 kilometers northeast of Xuzhou, Zhang Zizhong, who had previously disgraced himself by abandoning an earlier battlefield—became a national hero for his determined efforts to stop the Japanese troops led by Itagaki Seishirō, the conqueror of Manchuria. The Japanese hoped that they could pour in as many as 400,000 troops to destroy the Chinese forces holding eastern and central China. Chiang Kai-shek was determined that this should not happen, recognizing that the fall of Xuzhou would place Wuhan in extreme danger. On April 1, 1938, he addressed Nationalist Party delegates, linking the defense of Wuhan to the fate of the party itself. He noted that although the Japanese had invaded seven provinces, they had only captured provincial capitals and main transport routes, while villages and towns off those routes remained unconquered. The Japanese, he argued, might muster more than half a million soldiers, but after eight or nine months of hard fighting they had become bogged down. Chiang asserted that as long as Guangzhou (Canton) remained in Chinese hands, it would be of little significance if the Japanese invaded Wuhan, since Guangzhou would keep China's sea links open and Guangdong, Sun Yat-sen's homeland, would serve as a revolutionary base area. If the “woren” Japanese “dwarfs” attacked Wuhan and Guangzhou, it would cost them dearly and threaten their control over the occupied zones. He reiterated his plan: “the base area for our war will not be in the zones east of the Beiping–Wuhan or Wuhan–Guangdong railway lines, but to their west.” For this reason he authorized withdrawing Chinese troops behind the railway lines. Chiang's speech mixed defiance with an explanation of why regrouping was necessary; it was a bold public posture in the face of a developing military disaster, yet it reflected the impossible balance he faced between signaling resolve and avoiding overcommitment of a city that might still fall. Holding Xuzhou as the first priority required Chiang Kai-shek to place a great deal of trust in one of his rivals: the southwestern general Li Zongren. The relationship between Chiang and Li would become one of the most ambivalent in wartime China. Li hailed from Guangxi, a province in southwestern China long regarded by the eastern heartland as half civilized. Its people had rarely felt fully part of the empire ruled from Beijing or even Nanjing, and early in the republic there was a strong push for regional autonomy. Li was part of a cohort of young officers trained in regional academies who sought to bring Guangxi under national control; he joined the Nationalist Party in 1923, the year Sun Yat-sen announced his alliance with the Soviets. Li was not a Baoding Academy graduate but had trained at Yunnan's equivalent institution, which shared similar views on military professionalism. He enthusiastically took part in the Northern Expedition (1926–1928) and played a crucial role in the National Revolutionary Army's ascent to control over much of north China. Yet after the Nanjing government took power, Li grew wary of Chiang's bid to centralize authority in his own person. In 1930 Li's so‑called “Guangxi clique” participated in the Central Plains War, the failed effort by militarist leaders to topple Chiang; although the plot failed, Li retreated to his southwest base, ready to challenge Chiang again. The occupation of Manchuria in 1931 reinforced Li's belief that a Japanese threat posed a greater danger than Chiang's centralization. The tension between the two men was evident from the outset of the war. On October 10, 1937, Chiang appointed Li commander of the Fifth War Zone; Li agreed on the condition that Chiang refrain from issuing shouling—personal commands—to Li's subordinates. Chiang complied, a sign of the value he placed on Li's leadership and the caution with which he treated Li and his Guangxi ally Bai Chongxi. As Chiang sought any possible victory amid retreat and destruction, he needed Li to deliver results. As part of the public-relations front, journalists were given access to commanders on the Xuzhou front. Li and his circle sought to shape their image as capable leaders to visiting reporters, with Du Zhongyuan among the most active observers. Du praised the “formidable southwestern general, Li Zongren,” calling him “elegant and refined” and “vastly magnanimous.” In language echoing the era's soldiers' public presentation, Du suggested that Li's forces operated under strict, even disciplined, orders “The most important point in the people's war is that . . . troops do not harass the people of the country. If the people are the water, the soldiers are the fish, and if you have fish with no water, inevitably they're going to choke; worse still is to use our water to nurture the enemy's fish — that really is incomparably stupid”.  Within the southern front, on January 26, 1938, the Japanese 13th Division attacked Fengyang and Bengbu in Anhui Province, while Li Pinxian, Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the 5th War Zone, directed operations south of Xuzhou. The defending 31st Corps of the 11th Group Army, after resisting on the west bank of the Chi River, retreated to the west of Dingyuan and Fengyang. By February 3, the Japanese had captured Linhuai Pass and Bengbu. From the 9th to the 10th, the main force of the 13th Division forced a crossing of the Huai River at Bengbu and Linhuai Pass respectively, and began an offensive against the north bank. The 51st Corps, reorganized from the Central Plains Northeast Army and led by Commander Yu Xuezhong, engaged in fierce combat with the Japanese. Positions on both sides of the Huai shifted repeatedly, producing a riverine bloodbath through intense hand-to-hand fighting. After ten days of engagement, the Fifth War Zone, under Zhang Zizhong, commander of the 59th Army, rushed to the Guzhen area to reinforce the 51st Army, and the two forces stubbornly resisted the Japanese on the north bank of the Huai River. Meanwhile, on the south bank, the 48th Army of the 21st Group Army held the Luqiao area, while the 7th Army, in coordination with the 31st Army, executed a flanking attack on the flanks and rear of the Japanese forces in Dingyuan, compelling the main body of the 13th Division to redeploy to the north bank for support. Seizing the initiative, the 59th and 51st Armies launched a counteroffensive, reclaiming all positions north of the Huai River by early March. The 31st Army then moved from the south bank to the north, and the two sides faced across the river. Subsequently, the 51st and 59th Armies were ordered to reinforce the northern front, while the 31st Army continued to hold the Huai River to ensure that all Chinese forces covering the Battle of Xuzhou were safely withdrawn. Within the northern front, in late February, the Japanese Second Army began its southward push along multiple routes. The eastern axis saw the 5th Division moving south from Weixian present-day Weifang, in Shandong, capturing Yishui, Juxian, and Rizhao before pressing directly toward Linyi, as units of the Nationalist Third Corps' 40th Army and others mounted strenuous resistance. The 59th Army was ordered to reinforce and arrived on March 12 at the west bank of the Yi River in the northern suburbs of Linyi, joining the 40th Army in a counterattack that, after five days and nights of ferocious fighting, inflicted heavy losses on the Japanese and forced them to retreat toward Juxian. On the western route, the Seya Detachment (roughly a brigade) of the Japanese 10th Division crossed the Grand Canal from Jining and attacked Jiaxiang, meeting stiff resistance from the Third Army and being thwarted, while continuing to advance south along the Jinpu Railway. The Isogai Division, advancing on the northern route without awaiting help from the southeast and east, moved southward from Liangxiadian, south of Zouxian, on March 14, with the plan to strike Tengxian, present-day Tengzhou on March 15 and push south toward Xuzhou. The defending 22nd Army and the 41st Corps fought bravely and suffered heavy casualties in a hard battle that lasted until March 17, during which Wang Mingzhang, commander of the 122nd Division defending Teng County, was killed in action. Meanwhile, a separate Japanese thrust under Itagaki Seishirō landed on the Jiaodong Peninsula and occupied Qingdao, advancing along the Jiaoji Line to strike Linyi, a key military town in southern Shandong. Pang Bingxun's 40th Army engaged the invaders in fierce combat, and later, elements of Zhang Zizhong's 333rd Brigade of the 111th Division, reinforced by the 57th Army, joined Pang Bingxun's forces to launch a double-sided pincer that temporarily repelled the Japanese attack on Linyi. By late March 1938 a frightening reality loomed: the Japanese were close to prevailing on the Xuzhou front. The North China Area Army, commanded by Itagaki Seishirō, Nishio Toshizō, and Isogai Rensuke, was poised to link up with the Central China Expeditionary Force under Hata Shunroku in a united drive toward central China. Li Zongren, together with his senior lieutenants Bai Chongxi and Tang Enbo, decided to confront the invaders at Taierzhuang, the traditional stone-walled city that would become a focal point of their defense. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. Nanjing falls after one of humanities worst atrocities. Chiang Kai-Shek's war command has been pushed to Wuhan, but the Japanese are not stopping their advance. Trautmann's mediation is over and now Japan has its sights on Xuzhou and its critical railway junctions. Japan does not realize it yet, but she is now entering a long war of attrition.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Last time we spoke about the continuation of the war after Nanjing's fall. The fall of Nanjing in December 1937 marked a pivotal juncture in the Second Sino-Japanese War, ushering in a brutal phase of attrition that shaped both strategy and diplomacy in early 1938. As Japanese forces sought to restructure China's political order, their strategy extended beyond battlefield victories to the establishment of puppet arrangements and coercive diplomacy. Soviet aid provided critical support, while German and broader Axis diplomacy wavered, shaping a nuanced backdrop for China's options. In response, Chinese command decisions focused on defending crucial rail corridors and urban strongholds, with Wuhan emerging as a strategic hub and the Jinpu and Longhai railways becoming lifelines of resistance. The defense around Xuzhou and the Huai River system illustrated Chinese determination to prolong resistance despite daunting odds. By early 1938, the war appeared as a drawn-out struggle, with China conserving core bases even as Japan pressed toward central China.   #170 The Battle of Taierzhuang Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. Following their victory at Nanjing, the Japanese North China Area Army sought to push southward and link up with the Japanese Eleventh Army between Beijing and Nanjing. The two formations were intended to advance along the northern and southern ends of the JinPu railway, meet at Xuzhou, and then coordinate a pincer movement into Chinese strongholds in the Central Yangtze region, capturing Jiujiang first and then Wuhan. Recognizing Xuzhou's strategic importance, Chinese leadership made its defense a top priority. Xuzhou stood at the midpoint of the JinPu line and at the intersection with the Longhai Line, China's main east–west corridor from Lanzhou to Lianyungang. If seized, Japanese control of these routes would grant mobility for north–south movement across central China. At the end of January, Chiang Kai-shek convened a military conference in Wuchang and declared the defense of Xuzhou the highest strategic objective. Chinese preparations expanded from an initial core of 80,000 troops to about 300,000, deployed along the JinPu and Longhai lines to draw in and overstretch Japanese offensives. A frightening reality loomed by late March 1938: the Japanese were nearing victory on the Xuzhou front. The North China Area Army, led by Generals Itagaki Seishirô, Nishio Toshizô, and Isogai Rensuke, aimed to link up with the Central China Expeditionary Force under General Hata Shunroku for a coordinated drive into central China. Li Zongren and his senior colleagues, including Generals Bai Chongxi and Tang Enbo, resolved to meet the Japanese at the traditional stone-walled city of Taierzhuang. Taierzhuang was not large, but it held strategic significance. It sat along the Grand Canal, China's major north–south waterway, and on a rail line that connected the Jinpu and Longhai lines, thus bypassing Xuzhou. Chiang Kai-shek himself visited Xuzhou on March 24. While Xuzhou remained in Chinese hands, the Japanese forces to the north and south were still separated. Losing Xuzhou would close the pincer. By late March, Chinese troops seemed to be gaining ground at Taierzhuang, but the Japanese began reinforcing, pulling soldiers from General Isogai Rensuke's column. The defending commanders grew uncertain about their ability to hold the position, yet Chiang Kai-shek made his stance clear in an April 1, 1938 telegram: “the enemy at Taierzhuang must be destroyed.” Chiang Kai-shek dispatched his Vice Chief of Staff, Bai Chongxi, to Xuzhou in January 1938. Li Zongren and Bai Chongxi were old comrades from the New Guangxi Clique, and their collaboration dated back to the Northern Expedition, including the Battle of Longtan. Li also received the 21st Group Army from the 3rd War Area. This Guangxi unit, commanded by Liao Lei, comprised the 7th and 47th Armies. Around the same time, Sun Zhen's 22nd Group Army, another Sichuan clique unit, arrived in the Shanxi-Henan region, but was rebuffed by both Yan Xishan, then commander of the 2nd War Area and Shanxi's chairman and Cheng Qian, commander of the 1st War Area and Henan's chairman. Yan and Cheng harbored strong reservations about Sichuan units due to discipline issues, notably their rampant opium consumption. Under Sun Zhen's leadership, the 22nd Group Army deployed four of its six divisions to aid the Northern China effort. Organized under the 41st and 45th Armies, the contingent began a foot march toward Taiyuan on September 1, covering more than 50 days and approximately 1,400 kilometers. Upon reaching Shanxi, they faced a harsh, icy winter and had no winter uniforms or even a single map of the province. They nevertheless engaged the Japanese for ten days at Yangquan, suffering heavy casualties. Strapped for supplies, they broke into a Shanxi clique supply depot, which enraged Yan Xishan and led to their expulsion from the province. The 22nd withdrew westward into the 1st War Area, only to have its request for resupply rejected by Cheng Qian. Meanwhile to the south Colonel Rippei Ogisu led Japanese 13th Division to push westward from Nanjing in two columns during early February: the northern column targeted Mingguang, while the southern column aimed for Chuxian. Both routes were checked by Wei Yunsong's 31st Army, which had been assigned to defend the southern stretch of the Jinpu railway under Li Zongren. Despite facing a clearly inferior force, the Japanese could not gain ground after more than a month of sustained attacks. In response, Japan deployed armored and artillery reinforcements from Nanjing. The Chinese withdrew to the southwestern outskirts of Dingyuan to avoid a direct clash with their reinforced adversaries. By this point, Yu Xuezhong's 51st Army had taken up a defensive position on the northern banks of the Huai River, establishing a line between Bengbu and Huaiyuan. The Japanese then captured Mingguang, Dingyuan, and Bengbu in succession and pressed toward Huaiyuan. However, their supply lines were intercepted by the Chinese 31st Corps, which conducted flanking attacks from the southwest. The situation worsened when the Chinese 7th Army, commanded by Liao Lei, arrived at Hefei to reinforce the 31st Army. Facing three Chinese corps simultaneously, the Japanese were effectively boxed south of the Huai River and, despite air superiority and a superior overall firepower, could not advance further. As a result, the Chinese thwarted the Japanese plan to move the 13th Division north along the Jinpu railway and link up with the Isogai 10th Division to execute a pincer against Xuzhou. Meanwhile in the north, after amphibious landings at Qingdao, the Japanese 5th Division, commanded by Seishiro Itagaki, advanced southwest along the Taiwei Highway, spearheaded by its 21st Infantry Brigade. They faced Pang Bingxun's 3rd Group Army. Although labeled a Group Army, Pang's force actually comprised only the 40th Army, which itself consisted of the 39th Division from the Northwestern Army, commanded by Ma-Fawu. The 39th Division's five regiments delayed the Japanese advance toward Linyi for over a month. The Japanese captured Ju County on 22 February and moved toward Linyi by 2 March. The 59th Army, commanded by Zhang Zizhong, led its troops on a forced march day and night toward Linyi. Seizing the opportunity, the 59th Army did not rest after reaching Yishui. In the early morning of the 14th, Zhang Zizhong ordered the entire army to covertly cross the Yishui River and attack the right flank of the Japanese “Iron Army” 5th Division. They broke through enemy defenses at Tingzitou, Dataiping, Shenjia Taiping, Xujia Taiping, and Shalingzi. Initially caught off guard, the enemy sustained heavy losses, and over a night more than a thousand Japanese soldiers were annihilated. The 59th Army fought fiercely, engaging in brutal hand-to-hand combat. By 4:00 a.m. on the 17th, the 59th Army had secured all of the Japanese main positions. That same day, Pang Bingxun seized the moment to lead his troops in a fierce flank attack, effectively supporting the 59th Army's frontal assault. On the 18th, Zhang and Pang's forces attacked the Japanese from the east, south, and west. After three days and nights of bloody fighting, they finally defeated the 3rd Battalion of the 11th Regiment, which had crossed the river, and annihilated most of it. The 59th Army completed its counterattack but suffered over 6,000 casualties, with more than 2,000 Japanese killed or wounded. News of the Linyi victory prompted commendations from Chiang Kai-shek and Li Zongren. General Li Zongren, commander of the 5th War Zone, judged that the Japanese were temporarily unable to mount a large-scale offensive and that Linyi could be held for the time being. On March 20, he ordered the 59th Army westward to block the Japanese Seya Detachment. On March 21, the Japanese Sakamoto Detachment, after a brief reorganization and learning of the Linyi detachment, launched another offensive. The 3rd Corps, understrength and without reinforcements, was compelled to retreat steadily before the Japanese. General Pang Bingxun, commander of the 3rd Corps, urgently telegraphed Chiang Kai-shek, requesting reinforcements. Chiang Kai-shek received the telegram and, at approximately 9:00 AM on the 23rd, ordered the 59th Army to return to Linyi to join with the 3rd Corps in repelling the Sakamoto Detachment. Fierce fighting ensued with heavy Chinese losses, and the situation in Linyi again grew precarious. At a critical moment, the 333rd Brigade of the 111th Division and the Cavalry Regiment of the 13th Army were rushed to reinforce Linyi. Facing attacks from two directions, the Japanese withdrew, losing almost two battalions in the process. This engagement shattered the myth of Japanese invincibility and embarrassed commander Seishirō Itagaki, even startling IJA headquarters. Although the 5th Division later regrouped and attempted another push, it had lost the element of surprise. The defeat at Linyi at the hands of comparatively poorly equipped Chinese regional units set the stage for the eventual battle at Tai'erzhuang. Of the three Japanese divisions advancing into the Chinese 5th War Area, the 10th Division, commanded by Rensuke Isogai, achieved the greatest initial success. Departing from Hebei, it crossed the Yellow River and moved south along the Jinpu railway. With KMT General Han Fuju ordering his forces to desert their posts, the Japanese captured Zhoucun and reached Jinan with little resistance. They then pushed south along two columns from Tai'an. The eastern column captured Mengyin before driving west to seize Sishui; the western column moved southwest along the Jinpu railway, capturing Yanzhou, Zouxian, and Jining, before turning northwest to take Wenshang. Chiang Kai-shek subsequently ordered Li Zongren to employ “offensive defense”, seizing the initiative to strike rather than merely defend. Li deployed Sun Zhen's 22nd Group Army to attack Zouxian from the south, while Pang Bingxun's 40th Division advanced north along the 22nd's left flank to strike Mengyin and Sishui. Sun Tongxuan's 3rd Group Army also advanced from the south, delivering a two-pronged assault on the Japanese at Jining. Fierce fighting from 12 to 25 February, particularly by the 12th Corps, helped mitigate the reputational damage previously inflicted on Shandong units by Han Fuju. In response to Chinese counterattacks, the Japanese revised their strategy: they canceled their original plan to push directly westward from Nanjing toward Wuhan, freeing more troops for the push toward Xuzhou. On March 15, the Japanese 10th Division struck the Chinese 122nd Division, focusing the action around Tengxian and Lincheng. Chinese reinforcements from the 85th Corps arrived the following day but were driven back on March 17. With air support, tanks, and heavy artillery, the Japanese breached the Chinese lines on March 18. The remaining Chinese forces, bolstered by the 52nd Corps, withdrew to the town of Yixian. The Japanese attacked Yixian and overran an entire Chinese regiment in a brutal 24-hour engagement. By March 19, the Japanese began advancing on the walled town of Taierzhuang. To counter the Japanese advance, the Chinese 2nd Army Group under General Sun Lianzhong was deployed to Taierzhuang. The 31st Division, commanded by General Chi Fengcheng, reached Taierzhuang on March 22 and was ordered to delay the Japanese advance until the remainder of the Army Group could arrive. On March 23, the 31st Division sallied from Taierzhuang toward Yixian, where they were engaged by two Japanese battalions reinforced with three tanks and four armored cars. The Chinese troops occupied a series of hills and managed to defend against a Japanese regiment (~3,000 men) for the rest of the day. On March 24, a Japanese force of about 5,000 attacked the 31st Division. Another Japanese unit pressed the Chinese from Yixian, forcing them to withdraw back into Taierzhuang itself. The Japanese then assaulted the town, with a 300-strong contingent breaching the northeast gate at 20:00. They were subsequently driven back toward the Chenghuang temple, which the Chinese set on fire, annihilating the Japanese force. The next day, the Japanese renewed the assault through the breached gate and secured the eastern portion of the district, while also breaking through the northwest corner from the outside and capturing the Wenchang Pavilion. On March 25, a morning Japanese onslaught was repelled. The Japanese then shelled Chinese positions with artillery and air strikes. In the afternoon, the Chinese deployed an armored train toward Yixian, which ambushed a column of Japanese soldiers near a hamlet, killing or wounding several dozen before retreating back to Taierzhuang. By nightfall, three thousand Chinese troops launched a night assault, pushing the Japanese lines northeast to dawn. The following three days subjected the Chinese defenders to sustained aerial and artillery bombardment. The Chinese managed to repulse several successive Japanese assaults but sustained thousands of casualties in the process. On March 28, Chinese artillery support arrived, including two 155 mm and ten 75 mm pieces. On the night of March 29, the Japanese finally breached the wall. Setting out from the district's southern outskirts, a Chinese assault squad stormed the Wenchang Pavilion from the south and east, killing nearly the entire Japanese garrison aside from four taken as prisoners of war. The Chinese then retook the northwest corner of the district. Even by the brutal standards already established in the war, the fighting at Taierzhuang was fierce, with combatants facing one another at close quarters. Sheng Cheng's notes preserve the battlefield memories of Chi Fengcheng, one of the campaign's standout officers “We had a battle for the little lanes [of the town], and unprecedentedly, not just streets and lanes, but even courtyards and houses. Neither side was willing to budge. Sometimes we'd capture a house, and dig a hole in the wall to approach the enemy. Sometimes the enemy would be digging a hole in the same wall at the same time. Sometimes we faced each other with hand grenades — or we might even bite each other. Or when we could hear that the enemy was in the house, then we'd climb the roof and drop bombs inside — and kill them all.” The battle raged for a week. On April 1, General Chi requested volunteers for a near-suicide mission to seize a building: among fifty-seven selected, only ten survived. A single soldier claimed to have fired on a Japanese bomber and succeeded in bringing it down; he and his comrades then set the aircraft ablaze before another plane could arrive to rescue the pilot. One participant described the brutal conditions of the battle “"The battle continued day and night. The flames lit up the sky. Often all that separated our forces was a single wall. The soldiers would beat holes in the masonry to snipe at each other. We would be fighting for days over a single building, causing dozens of fatalities." The conditions were so brutal that Chinese officers imposed severe measures to maintain discipline. Junior officers were repeatedly forbidden to retreat and were often ordered to personally replace casualties within their ranks. Li Zongren even warned Tang Enbo that failure to fulfill his duties would lead him to be “treated as Han Fuju had been.” In Taierzhuang's cramped streets, Japan's artillery and air superiority offered little advantage; whenever either service was employed amid the dense melee, casualties were roughly even on both sides. The fighting devolved into close-quarters combat carried out primarily by infantry, with rifles, pistols, hand grenades, bayonets, and knives forming the core of each side's arsenal. The battle unfolded largely hand-to-hand, frequently in darkness. The stone buildings of Taierzhuang provided substantial cover from fire and shrapnel. It was precisely under these close-quarters conditions that Chinese soldiers could stand as equals, if not superior, to their Japanese opponents, mirroring, in some respects, the experiences seen in Luodian, Shanghai, the year before. On March 31, General Sun Lianzhong arrived to assume command of the 2nd Army Group. A Japanese assault later that day was repulsed, but a Chinese counterattack also stalled. At 04:00 on April 1, the Japanese attacked the Chinese lines with support from 11 tanks. The Chinese defenders, armed with German-made 37mm Pak-36 antitank guns, destroyed eight of the armored vehicles at point-blank range. Similar incidents recurred throughout the battle, with numerous Japanese tanks knocked out by Chinese artillery and by suicide squads. In one engagement, Chinese suicide bombers annihilated four Japanese tanks with bundles of grenades. On April 2 and 3, Chi urged the Chinese defenders around Taierzhuang's north station to assess the evolving situation. The troops reported distress, crying and sneezing, caused by tear gas deployed by the Japanese against Chinese positions at Taierzhuang's north station, but the defenders remained unmoved. They then launched a massive armored assault outside the city walls, with 30 tanks and 60 armored cars, yet managed only to drive the Chinese 27th Division back to the Grand Canal. The fighting continued to rage on April 4 and 5. By then, the Japanese had captured roughly two-thirds of Taierzhuang, though the Chinese still held the South Gate. It was through this entry point that the Chinese command managed to keep their troops supplied. The Chinese also thwarted Japanese efforts to replenish their dwindling stocks of arms and ammunition. In consequence, the Japanese attackers were worn down progressively. Although the Japanese possessed superior firepower, including cannon and heavy artillery, the cramped conditions within Taierzhuang nullified this advantage for the moment. The Chinese command succeeded in keeping their own supplies flowing, a recurring weakness in other engagements and also prevented the Japanese from replenishing their dwindling stock of arms and bullets. Gradually, the Japanese maneuvered into a state of attrition. The deadlock of the battle was broken by events unfolding outside Taierzhuang, where fresh Chinese divisions had encircled the Japanese forces in Taierzhuang from the flanks and rear. After consulting their German advisors earlier, the commanders of the 5th War Area prepared a double envelopment of the exposed Japanese forces in Taierzhuang. Between March and April 1938, the Nationalist Air Force deployed squadrons from the 3rd and 4th Pursuit Groups, fighter-attack aircraft, in long-distance air interdiction and close-air support of the Taierzhuang operations. Approximately 30 aircraft, mostly Soviet-made, were deployed in bombing raids against Japanese positions. On 26 March, Tang Enbo's 20th Army, equipped with artillery units, attacked Japanese forces at Yixian, inflicting heavy casualties and routing the survivors. Tang then swung south to strike the Japanese flank northeast of Taierzhuang. Simultaneously, the Chinese 55th Corps, comprised of two divisions, executed a surprise crossing of the Grand Canal and cut the railway line near Lincheng. As a result, Tang isolated the Japanese attackers from their rear and severed their supply lines. On 1 April, the Japanese 5th Division sent a brigade to relieve the encircled 10th Division. Tang countered by blocking the brigade's advance and then attacking from the rear, driving them south into the encirclement. On 3 April, the Chinese 2nd Group Army launched a counter-offensive, with the 30th and 110th Divisions pushing northward into Beiluo and Nigou, respectively. By 6 April, the Chinese 85th and 52nd Armies linked up at Taodun, just west of Lanling. The combined force then advanced north-westward, capturing Ganlugou. Two more Chinese divisions arrived a few days later. By April 5, Taierzhuang's Japanese units were fully surrounded, with seven Chinese divisions to the north and four to the south closing in. The Japanese divisions inside Taierzhuang had exhausted their supplies, running critically low on ammunition, fuel, and food, while many troops endured fatigue and dehydration after more than a week of brutal fighting. Sensing imminent victory, the Chinese forces surged with renewed fury and attacked the encircled Japanese, executing wounded soldiers where they lay with rifle and pistol shots. Chinese troops also deployed Soviet tanks against the defenders. Japanese artillery could not reply effectively due to a shortage of shells, and their tanks were immobilized by a lack of fuel. Attempts to drop supplies by air failed, with most packages falling into Chinese hands. Over time, Japanese infantry were progressively reduced to firing only their machine guns and mortars, then their rifles and machine guns, and ultimately resorted to bayonet charges. With the success of the Chinese counter-attacks, the Japanese line finally collapsed on April 7. The 10th and 5th Divisions, drained of personnel and ammunition, were forced to retreat. By this point, around 2,000 Japanese soldiers managed to break out of Taierzhuang, leaving thousands of their comrades dead behind. Some of the escapees reportedly committed hara-kiri. Chinese casualties were roughly comparable, marking a significant improvement over the heavier losses suffered in Shanghai and Nanjing. The Japanese had lost the battle for numerous reasons. Japanese efforts were hampered by the "offensive-defensive" operations carried out by various Chinese regional units, effectively preventing the three Japanese divisions from ever linking up with each other. Despite repeated use of heavy artillery, air strikes, and gas, the Japanese could not expel the Chinese 2nd Group Army from Taierzhuang and its surrounding areas, even as the defenders risked total annihilation. The Japanese also failed to block the Chinese 20th Group Army's maneuver around their rear positions, which severed retreat routes and enabled a Chinese counter-encirclement. After Han Fuju's insubordination and subsequent execution, the Chinese high command tightened discipline at the top, transmitting a stringent order flow down to the ranks. This atmosphere of strict discipline inspired even junior soldiers to risk their lives in executing orders. A “dare-to-die corps” was effectively employed against Japanese units. They used swords and wore suicide vests fashioned from grenades. Due to a lack of anti-armor weaponry, suicide bombing was also employed against the Japanese. Chinese troops, as part of the “dare-to-die” corps, strapped explosives such as grenade packs or dynamite to their bodies and charged at Japanese tanks to blow them up.  The Chinese later asserted that about 20,000 Japanese had perished, though the actual toll was likely closer to 8,000. The Japanese also sustained heavy material losses. Because of fuel shortages and their rapid retreat, many tanks, trucks, and artillery pieces were abandoned on the battlefield and subsequently captured by Chinese forces. Frank Dorn recorded losses of 40 tanks, over 70 armored cars, and 100 trucks of various sizes. In addition to vehicles, the Japanese lost dozens of artillery pieces and thousands of machine guns and rifles. Many of these weapons were collected by the Chinese for future use. The Chinese side also endured severe casualties, possibly up to 30,000, with Taierzhuang itself nearly razed. Yet for once, the Chinese achieved a decisive victory, sparking an outburst of joy across unoccupied China. Du Zhongyuan wrote of “the glorious killing of the enemy,” and even Katharine Hand, though isolated in Japanese-controlled Shandong, heard the news. The victory delivered a much-needed morale boost to both the army and the broader population. Sheng Cheng recorded evening conversations with soldiers from General Chi Fengcheng's division, who shared light-hearted banter with their senior officer. At one moment, the men recalled Chi as having given them “the secret of war. when you get food, eat it; when you can sleep, take it.” Such familiar, brisk maxims carried extra resonance now that the Nationalist forces had demonstrated their willingness and ability to stand their ground rather than retreat. The victors may have celebrated a glorious victory, but they did not forget that their enemies were human. Chi recalled a scene he encountered: he had picked up a Japanese officer's helmet, its left side scorched by gunpowder, with a trace of blood, the mark of a fatal wound taken from behind. Elsewhere in Taierzhuang, relics of the fallen were found: images of the Buddha, wooden fish, and flags bearing slogans. A makeshift crematorium in the north station had been interrupted mid-process: “Not all the bones had been completely burned.” After the battle, Li Zongren asked Sheng if he had found souvenirs on the battlefield. Sheng replied that he had discovered love letters on the corpses of Japanese soldiers, as well as a photograph of a girl, perhaps a hometown sweetheart labeled “19 years old, February 1938.” These details stood in stark contrast to news coverage that depicted the Japanese solely as demons, devils, and “dwarf bandits.” The foreign community noted the new, optimistic turn of events and the way it seemed to revive the resistance effort. US ambassador Nelson Johnson wrote to Secretary of State Cordell Hull from Wuhan just days after Taierzhuang, passing on reports from American military observers: one had spent time in Shanxi and been impressed by Communist success in mobilizing guerrilla fighters against the Japanese; another had spent three days observing the fighting at Taierzhuang and confirmed that “Chinese troops in the field there won a well-deserved victory over Japanese troops, administering the first defeat that Japanese troops have suffered in the field in modern times.” This reinforced Johnson's view that Japan would need to apply far more force than it had anticipated to pacify China. He noted that the mood in unoccupied China had likewise shifted. “Conditions here at Hankow have changed from an atmosphere of pessimism to one of dogged optimism. The Government is more united under Chiang and there is a feeling that the future is not entirely hopeless due to the recent failure of Japanese arms at Hsuchow [Xuzhou] . . . I find no evidence for a desire for a peace by compromise among  Chinese, and doubt whether the Government could persuade its army or its people to accept such a peace. The spirit of resistance is slowly spreading among the people who are awakening to a feeling that this is their war. Japanese air raids in the interior and atrocities by Japanese soldiers upon civilian populations are responsible for this stiffening of the people.”. The British had long been wary of Chiang Kai-shek, but Sir Archibald Clark Kerr, the British ambassador in China, wrote to the new British foreign secretary, Lord Halifax, on April 29, 1938, shortly after the Taierzhuang victory, and offered grudging credit to China's leader “[Chiang] has now become the symbol of Chinese unity, which he himself has so far failed to achieve, but which the Japanese are well on the way to achieving for him . . . The days when Chinese people did not care who governed them seem to have gone . . . my visit to Central China from out of the gloom and depression of Shanghai has left me stimulated and more than disposed to believe that provided the financial end can be kept up Chinese resistance may be so prolonged and effective that in the end the Japanese effort may be frustrated . . . Chiang Kai-shek is obstinate and difficult to deal with . . . Nonetheless [the Nationalists] are making in their muddlIn the exhilaration of a rare victory”. Chiang pressured Tang and Li to build on their success, increasing the area's troop strength to about 450,000. Yet the Chinese Army remained plagued by deeper structural issues. The parochialism that had repeatedly hampered Chiang's forces over the past six months resurfaced. Although the various generals had agreed to unite in a broader war of resistance, each prioritized the safety of his own troops, wary of any move by Chiang to centralize power. For example, Li Zongren refrained from utilizing his top Guangxi forces at Taierzhuang, attempting to shift the bulk of the fighting onto Tang Enbo's units. The generals were aware of the fates of two colleagues: Han Fuju of Shandong was executed for his refusal to fight, while Zhang Xueliang of Manchuria had allowed Chiang to reduce the size of his northeastern army and ended up under house arrest. They were justified in distrusting Chiang. He truly believed, after all, that provincial armies should come under a national military command led by himself. From a national-unity standpoint, Chiang's aim was not unreasonable. But it bred suspicion among other military leaders that participation in the anti-Japanese war would erode their own power. The fragmented command structure also hindered logistics, making ammunition and food supplies to the front unreliable and easy to cut off a good job of things in extremely difficult circumstances. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. The Chinese victory at the battle of Tairzhuang was a much needed morale boost after the long string of defeats to Japan. As incredible as it was however, it would amount to merely a bloody nose for the Imperial Japanese Army. Now Japan would unleash even more devastation to secure Xuzhou and ultimately march upon Wuhan.

Po fantastiškos Kauno „Žalgirio” savaitės geros emocijos persikėlė ir į „BasketNews podkasto” studiją. Lukas Malinauskas, Karolis Tiškevičius ir Jonas Miklovas aptarė pergales, rungtynių dalyvių pasisakymus ir keistą Donato Motiejūno sprendimą žaisti Serbijoje.   Tinklalaidės partneriai: – Didysis Motomafia išpardavimas – tik spalį! Fizinėse parduotuvėse – nuolaidos iki -50%, o e-shope – viskam -25%! MotoMafia – daugiau nei parduotuvė. Tai motociklininkų bendruomenė, kur laisvė ir greitis susitinka su kokybe. https://motomafia.lt/ Vilnius – Kalvarijų g. 206 Kaunas – Raudondvario pl. 150 Klaipėda – Minijos g. 2. – Atrask legendinį „Džiugo“ skonį ir laimėk išskirtinius prizus – registruok čekį svetainėje  www.dziugaszaidimas.lt – Nealkoholinis alus „Gubernija”, daugiau informacijos – https://gubernija.lt/   Temos: Džiaugsmas Kaune ir peržiūrų generatorius Šaras (0:00); Dar nepažintas bachūras Masiulis (4:25); Laiku pasiimti „Žalgirio” taškai, Miklovo optimizmas ir speneliai (7:33); Ilgas suolas, stiprūs atsarginiai ir Brazdeikio skausmai (12:46); Neregėtai laimingas Tubelis ir kaip jis dar gali atrodyti? (17:49); Laiku sugrįžę GWB ir puikus Vladelio darbas (27:08); Kosminė Baldwino forma ir rungtynių pabaiga (32:33); Kaziuko vaidmuo „Fenerbahče” (35:10); Įspūdinga Francisco forma ir nesibaigiantis Jono pozityvas (43:49); Tubelio humoro jausmas, du kaimo arkliai ir turkų pamiltas Kazys (47:15); Tiškevičiui naujieną pasakęs Maodo Lo (49:29); Neregėtai stora „Žalgirio” piniginė ir Mikaičio keturiasdešimtmetis (51:58); Ar nepasigailės DMO nuėjęs į „Crvena Zvezda”? (1:02:00); BN savaitė, kas laukia LT klubų, Miklovo speneliai ir Karolio atostogos (1:07:06); Liako rubrika (1:14:33).

Per Olov Enquist. „Blanša ir Marija“. Išleido Lietuvos rašytojų sąjungos leidykla.Tai dramatiška istorija apie meilę, šlovę, gėdą ir mirtį.Jos veikėjai – savitai susipynusios istorinės asmenybės: fizikė, dukart Nobelio premijos laureatė Marija Sklodovska Kiuri, neurologijos profesorius Žanas Martenas Šarko ir jo pacientė Blanša Vitman. Knygos ištraukas skaito aktorius Aleksas Kazanavičius.

Pastaraisiais metais imigracijos srautai Lietuvoje smarkiai išaugo – iš emigracijos šalies mes po truputį tapome imigracijos šalimi. Į Lietuvą atvyksta žmonės iš įvairių pasaulio vietų – dirbti, mokytis, kurti šeimas, ieškoti saugumo ar naujos pradžios. Šis pokytis kelia klausimų ne tik apie darbo rinkos poreikius, bet ir apie tai, kaip veikia mūsų švietimo sistema, socialinės paslaugos, kaip keičiasi pačios bendruomenės.Pasaulio lietuvių jaunimo sąjunga antrus metus iš eilės kviečia jaunimą iš viso pasaulio nemokamai mokytis lietuvių kalbos. Tai nėra tradiciniai kalbos kursai – tai būdas išlaikyti ryšį su Lietuva tiems, kurie galbūt niekada čia negyveno, bet širdyje jaučia lietuviškas šaknis.Šiandien Vilniuje vyksta pirmasis Lietuvos biobankų forumas – renginys, po vienu stogu subūręs visus šalies biobankus, mokslininkus, gydytojus, politikos formuotojus ir pacientų organizacijas. Paprastai tariant, biobankas – tai vieta, kurioje saugomi žmonių biologiniai mėginiai, pavyzdžiui, kraujas ar audiniai, ir su jais susijusi sveikatos informacija.

Per Olov Enquist. „Blanša ir Marija“. Išleido Lietuvos rašytojų sąjungos leidykla.Tai dramatiška istorija apie meilę, šlovę, gėdą ir mirtį.Jos veikėjai – savitai susipynusios istorinės asmenybės: fizikė, dukart Nobelio premijos laureatė Marija Sklodovska Kiuri, neurologijos profesorius Žanas Martenas Šarko ir jo pacientė Blanša Vitman. Knygos ištraukas skaito aktorius Aleksas Kazanavičius.

Se acabo la temporada para nuestros Piratas pero no significa que no vamos a hablar de nuestros nenes. En las próximas semanas le estaremos dedicando los episodios a nuestros jugadores y hoy le toca a uno de los mas polarizantes: El BenchAdemas hablamos de varias noticias de los Piratas como la firma de AD Vasallo como dirigente y Gaby Belardo como jugador, el cambio por Victor Liz, el caso de Tai Odiasie y los 3 refuerzos que fueron reservados.Recuerda seguirnos en:Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/@loscomebancoFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/loscomebanco/?locale=es_LATikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@loscomebancosInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/loscomebanco/?hl=enApple Podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/los-come-banco/id1510229034Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3Ak1aK4W7VzJq3OwbjGmL6

Per Olov Enquist. „Blanša ir Marija“. Išleido Lietuvos rašytojų sąjungos leidykla.Tai dramatiška istorija apie meilę, šlovę, gėdą ir mirtį.Jos veikėjai – savitai susipynusios istorinės asmenybės: fizikė, dukart Nobelio premijos laureatė Marija Sklodovska Kiuri, neurologijos profesorius Žanas Martenas Šarko ir jo pacientė Blanša Vitman. Knygos ištraukas skaito aktorius Aleksas Kazanavičius.

Per Olov Enquist. „Blanša ir Marija“. Išleido Lietuvos rašytojų sąjungos leidykla.Tai dramatiška istorija apie meilę, šlovę, gėdą ir mirtį.Jos veikėjai – savitai susipynusios istorinės asmenybės: fizikė, dukart Nobelio premijos laureatė Marija Sklodovska Kiuri, neurologijos profesorius Žanas Martenas Šarko ir jo pacientė Blanša Vitman. Knygos ištraukas skaito aktorius Aleksas Kazanavičius.

Ep. 358: Emotional SupportDo you know how to actually emotionally support the people in your life? Listen to Tai share his recent inner work around what it means to give and receive what actual emotional support is. The Masters of Self University PODCAST is your highest source of Sacred Truth and Universal Wisdom, offered by Rachel Fiori, mystical teacher, psycho-energetic healer, & CEO. Join our journey of soul transformation with hosts Ellie Lee, Danny Morley, and the rest of our amazing Certified Mystical Coaches of Oneness™.Student Enrollment Information:    https://www.mastersofselfuniversity.com/university-enrollmentENTER THE PORTAL TO ONENESS   https://www.mastersofselfuniversity.com/portal-to-onenessRachel's Book on Amazon:  ⁠https://shorturl.at/hkyLRMasters of Self University:  ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://mastersofselfuniversity.com/Ellie's Social Media:   ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.tiktok.com/@ellieyjlee⁠⁠⁠⁠  ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.instagram.com/ellieyjlee⁠⁠⁠⁠Danny's Social Media:  ⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.instagram.com/dannyfmorley  ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.tiktok.com/@dannyfmorley  www.youtube.com/@DannyfMorleyNEW EPISODES EVERY MONDAY AND THURSDAY!

Ketvirtadienį Vilniuje, rugsėjo 25-ąją, šimtai žmonių susirinko prie prezidentūros protestuoti prieš „Nemuno aušros“ kandidato Ignoto Adomavičiaus paskyrimą kultūros ministru. Kultūros bendruomenė teigė kad „ministerija atiduodama politinei jėgai, kuri pasižymi populistine, antisemitine ir prorusiška retorika“. Peticiją prieš „Nemuno aušrą“ kultūros ministerijoje pasirašė 66 tūkst. žmonių. Kultūros ministerija Lietuvoje kuruoja ir žiniasklaidos politiką. Kaip rašė buvęs žurnalistas, poetas Mindaugas Nastaravičius – „žiniasklaida yra esminis jų („Nemuno aušros“ – red.) interesas: jiems rūpi Medijų rėmimo fondas, bet dar labiau – Konarskio 49 (LRT)“. NARA redakcijos nariai susitiko kalbėtis apie žiniasklaidos vietą kultūros politikoje, atsakomybę visuomenės virsmuose ir galimas grėsmes dabartinėje situacijoje. Tai kvietimas kartu ieškoti atsakymų, tolimesnių veiksmų ir judėjimo krypčių. Gero klausymo. Pokalbyje dalyvauja: Berta Tilmantė, Karolis Vyšniauskas, Indrė Kiršaitė, Sigita Vegytė. Palaikykite NARA darbą: https://nara.lt/lt/#support

Movie vibes! Tammie vibes! Cam & Tai vibes! Rebecca vibes! Turkey Hunter Brett vibes! Tamara vibes!

西方系統對姓 (Last Name/Family Name) 和名 (First Name) 的劃分，與亞洲各國習慣有所不同；而許多香港人的名是雙字，但當填寫 First Name 時，系統可能只擷取第一個字，造成名字被不完整或錯誤記錄。例如名為 Tai Man Chan 的人可能只被系統識別為Tai。各種公共服務之間的身分資料無法連通；例如「大寶」(Tai-Bo) 發現其 MyGov 系統無法串聯 Medicare（醫療）、ATO（稅務）和 Centrelink（社會福利）等服務，原因是各部門對其名字的拼寫、分割（如是否含連字符號 hyphen）或欄位歸屬（First Name, Middle Name）的處理不一致。此外，許多族裔的命名規範與西方的「名-中間名-姓」結構有所不同：* 越南裔： 可能帶有性別提示詞，如女性的「氏」(Thi) 和男性的「文」(Van)，這些詞常被系統誤認為名字的一部分或姓氏。* 印度裔/其他文化： 有些人可能基於種姓制度或其他原因只提供單一名字或沒有傳統姓氏，導致系統被迫將名字複製到姓氏欄位，或使用「First Name Not Available (FNNA)」之類的預設值，造成記錄混淆。* 女性婚後姓氏： 西方女性常見婚後隨夫姓、離婚後復原姓，以及使用複合姓氏（如林鄭月娥），這些頻繁變動或複合名稱也增加了系統識別的複雜性。這種僵化是歷史沿革的結果。早期的文書檔案制度，尤其是在電腦化之前，必須設計出「最大公因數」的欄目（如 First Name 和 Last Name）來處理大多數人口的命名結構。電腦化時，程式設計師只是依循紙本表格來設計資料庫，導致這種缺乏彈性的結構一直沿用至今。此外，姓名從來都不是有效的識別方式。一來姓名容易重複（撞名）、容易更改（轉名），且一個人可能有不同的別名或綽號。這導致系統不得不依賴其他識別碼。更有效的方法是使用政府或機構發放的 Unique Identifier（唯一識別碼）；例如美國的 社會安全號碼 (SSN) 和澳洲的 Centrelink 檔案編號或稅號 (Tax File Number) 都是被設計為獨一無二且相對穩定的編號，有利於跨部門服務的串聯。但是從網路和社交媒體中的應用，Email 地址和 Unique Handle (如 Twitter 或 IG 帳號) 也已取代傳統姓名，成為日常的識別方式。這個現象也是這個時代之下的一種轉變。 This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit leesimon.substack.com/subscribe

Episode 242 is about putting ploughs into the ground, how the rural areas of much of the country was experiencing something of an agricultural revolution. It's rather a fascinating tale, because there are tremendous contradictions in what we're going to talk about this episode. As usual, there we will need to combine a global story with our local story —without doing so would be to stunt our awareness of the strands and tendrils that spread and connect. By the 1850s, Great Britain was manipulating trade and military as well as political power as reciprocating elements. This is a technique adopted by pretty much every empire since before Carthage. Political influence was used so as to extend and secure free exchange, in Britain's case commerce and anglicisation, spread political influence and welded alliances. As Lord Palmerston so aptly pointed out “…It is the business of Government to open and secure the roads for the Merchant…” Antiquated regimes were its enemy and foreign tariffs were its enemy, as anyone knows, the greatest enemy of free trade are tariffs. Empires were broken, the gouty and outdated Chinese, the religion-strangled Turkey, innumerable sheikdoms, sultanates and chieftancies were drawn into the invisible British empire of informal sway. When merchants manage affairs instead of men with guns, it's harder to pin down the essence of power — and also the dangers. The results of this grand vision were not encouraging by the 1870s and the Victorians were less sure of their panacea for both Asia and Africa. Among the ancient and invincibly conservative Confucian and Islamic rulers, no effective westernising collaborators had been found. The Tai'ping rebellion in China and the growing chaos in Muslim states appeared never ending. It was the United States that was gobbling up immigrants — most of Britain's emigrants went there, and the Victorians bought and sold more there than in any other single country. It had dawned on the British political elite that their commerical experience impressed a single portentous fact — that their most successful trading associations with the exception of the Indian Empire, were with Europeans transplanted abroad. They accounted for around 70 percent of all her investment overseas. The white communities in the temperate zones had the outlook and the institutions favourable to progress which the Asiatics and Africans seemed to lack. They offered customers with European tastes and money to spend. Mutual self-interest with whites of their empire meant private business of Great Britain commingled freely with that of Greater Britain and the once-colonial societies of the New World — the Americans and many in South America too. At the same time, the colonists were growing more bitter about Downing Street control and self-government appeared one solution. The aim was to avert the loss of more colonies and more American Wars of independence. So by the 1870s, confederated Canada, responsibly governed Australia and the Cape were regarded as constitutional embodiments of collaboration between British and colonial interests — all working at their best. The number of trading stores in the Transkei quadrupled to a few hundred, and all of this meant that there was a major qualitative shift in the cumsumption patterns of Africans. New permanent wants replaced needs, metal was now preferred to traditionally crafted pots and baskets, the cow-hide kaross was replaced by the Witney blanket, ploughs and all manner of tools flooded into these developing farms. Around South Africa, energy seemed to be surging. Take the highveld for example. The sour veld of the Harrismith district to be precise. Largely used for summer grazing, the farmers here often moved their herds into Natal every autumn. Below the Berg as they put, OnderBerg. Underberg.

Tai buvo bene ilgiausias ir atviriausias Eurolygos vadovo Pauliaus Motiejūno viešas išstojimas jo karjeroje. Paskutinis šių metų „Basketnews Vasaros Live” renginys ir dešimtys temų: nuo „Žalgirio” pinigų iki Eurolygos užkulisių. Renginio partneriai: – „Antėja“ siūlo stiprų „dvigubą dublį“ – vitamino D ir vitamino B12 tyrimų paketas vos už 29 Eur. Imunitetas + (plius) energija viename pasiūlyme – kad rudens dienos būtų stipresnės ir gyvybingesnės! https://www.anteja.lt/menesio-pasiulymai/imunitetas-energija – Skytech.lt pristato – Lenovo Yoga Book: nešiojamas kompiuteris su dviem 2.8K OLED lietimui jautriais ekranais, sukurtas kūrėjams ir technologijų entuziastams. Muzikos redagavimas, nuotraukų retušavimas ar programavimas taps dar patogesni su „Bowers & Wilkins“ garsiakalbiais, užtikrinančiais nepriekaištingą garso kokybę. Plačiau: http://bit.ly/4nqZPvJ

Debiutinis Lauros ir Jonės epizodas skirtas aptarti pinigams santykiuose ir tam, kaip jie formuoja poros dinamiką net tada, kai atrodo, jog svarbiausia yra jausmai. Tai pokalbis apie pasirinkimus ir jų prasmę. Kodėl vieni renkasi kaupti, o kiti leidžia. Kodėl daliai žmonių finansinis saugumas tampa didžiausia laisvės forma, o kitiems finansinė laisvė yra vienintelė sąlyga jaustis saugiai. Laura Riaubaitė-Pinzar ir Jonė Piekuraitė-Dudėnė konsultuoja Vilniaus psichologijos ir psichoterapijos klinikoje „Gali būti“. Laura yra Vilniaus universiteto psichologijos studentė, „Jaunimo linijos“ savanorių mokytoja. Jonė yra psichologė, emocinės paramos tėvams programos „Drauge“ bendrakūrėja ir vadovė, buvusi ilgametė „Vaikų linijos“ savanorė ir savanorių mokytoja. Palaikykite NARA darbą: https://nara.lt/lt/#support

Buzz buzz buzz Yellowjackets Hive and welcome back, it's been a minute! For today's episode we will be continuing on with our character deep dive series, featuring none other than our resident storyteller extraordinaire, Van Palmer herself. While Van's arc in the present day may have been short-lived, it was nevertheless important and impactful, for reasons we will discuss. We will also go through Van's arc overall, her wavering belief in "it", and of course her relationship with Tai. We will also do a little speculating about what the ripple effects of her death could be in the present day.For the month of October we will forge on and cover Natalie. Don't forget, October begins Off Season Specials, with coverage of the new Apple TV+ show "The Last Frontier", which premieres October 10th! Check out the trailer ASAP, it's a show you won't want to miss! As always, thanks for listening and for your support :)

Host Joyce Fong and Noppadon (Ton) Treephetchara of DFDL Bangkok discuss Thailand's arbitration framework, highlighting its Model Law basis, cost-effectiveness, and supportive judiciary. They then compare Thailand with regional alternatives, review institutional preferences (THAC and TAI), and examine local court support. The episode outlines enforcement procedures, timelines, and practical tips, and concludes with trends and THAC's modernization efforts.  

Vieną vasaros dieną NARA komanda sulaukė skambučio. Su mumis susisiekė draugės, mūsų klausytojos, esamos ir buvusios Jaunimo linijos ir Vaikų linijos savanorės ir savanorių mokytojos, psichoterapijos klinikos „Gali būti“ kolegės Laura ir Jonė. Jos norėjo savo profesinį klausimą – Jonės žodžiais, „suprasti, kaip ir kodėl žmonės gyvena“, – kelti garsinių pokalbių formatu. Mes sutarėme pabandyti. Tinklalaidės, kurias Laura (pilnas vardas – Laura Riaubaitė-Pinzar) ir Jonė (Jonė Piekuraitė-Dudėnė) įrašė, mus sužavėjo savo profesionalumu, atvertu temų peizažu ir saugia erdve kelti bet kokius klausimus. It psichologo kabinete, pasitikint viena kita ir klausytoju. Lauros ir Jonės epizoduose – NARA tinklelyje jie taip bus ir pavadinti – jos kalbėsis apie žmonių santykius ir dilemas, kurios kyla daugeliui mūsų. Jų tikslas nėra piršti atsakymus, priešingai. „Tai – apie gerų klausimų uždavinėjimą“, – savo tikslą įvardija Laura. „Geras klausimas yra toks, kuris skatina išsigryninti: o kaip norisi man?“ Išgirskite pažintinį Karolio Vyšniauskio interviu su Laura ir Jone NARA tinklalaidėje jau dabar. O pirmą pačių Lauros ir Jonės rengtą epizodą išleisime rytoj, rugsėjo 24-ąją. Jo tema bus pinigai ir kaip jie veikia poros santykius. Iki susitikimo ausinėse. Bertos Tilmantės fotografija, Martyno Gailiaus muzika.

This week, we return to our series on national delicacies and discuss Rice-A-Roni, Pad Tai, and Oktoberfest beer.

Roy Lee, founder of Cluely, went from being kicked out of Columbia to building a company valued at over $100 million in just three months. In this episode of The Tai Lopez Show, Tai and Roy dive into the rise of AI, the future of work, and how tools like Cluely are changing everything—from job interviews to billion-dollar business models. They debate whether AI will make humans the “pets” of machines, how AI might replace teachers and therapists, and if brain-chip integration is the inevitable next step. They also cover the marketing strategies behind Cluely’s explosive growth, where short-form content and growth hacking meet AI scale.

Former Boston University Division I soccer player Ty Johnson joins me to talk about: The challenges and opportunities in U.S. soccer vs. global systems Club vs. high school soccer and what recruiters really look for The cultural shift from Miami to San Francisco during his youth career Transitioning from athlete to media host (Live with Tai) and entrepreneur Why grit, discipline, and soccer's “universal language” still shape his life today This is a candid look at the sport's growth in America and the lessons athletes can carry beyond the field.

On this episode of The Tai Lopez Show, Tai sits down with Johnny Mau, the entrepreneur behind a $1M/month sales floor and training company. Together, they dive into: How to escape competition by building monopolies and personal brands • Why sales floors are the most overlooked way to scale high-ticket offers The resilience, conviction, and congruency it takes to succeed in sales AI’s impact on advertising, lead generation, and the future of closing deals Whether you’re starting from zero or scaling past 7–8 figures, this conversation reveals practical frameworks you can use to survive the next decade of business.

How to Turn a Messy Past into a High-Performance FutureCaron Butler went from a rough childhood and juvenile incarceration to NBA All-Star and now a coach/mentor shaping elite performers. In this live episode, Tai and Caron get brutally practical about turning chaos into discipline, managing A-players, the real “why,” and what actually works for health and performance (spoiler: cold plunges, bands, meditation).Subscribe for more conversations on wealth, health, and uncommon sense.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Why I Own 5 Homes But Never Travel (Multi-Home Living Strategy Explained) Most wealthy people get lifestyle design completely wrong. They think more travel = better life. But here's what millionaires and billionaires actually do... In this video, Tai Lopez breaks down his 4-home rotation system that eliminates travel stress while maximizing happiness, health, and wealth-building potential.

"If you could watch one video and finally understand all of life… this is it. I break down money, love, happiness, and why we’re all anxious in the modern world. This is my attempt at the unified theory of human existence."What if you could understand all of life in one framework? In this video, Tai Lopez dives deep into what he calls the Grand Theory of Everything—the tension between three forces that shape human existence: Your ego (the self at the center of your experience) Your tribal instincts (family, survival, and primal drives) The global society (laws, morals, and systems much larger than the tribe) Tai explains how this clash between the “small world” and the “big world” explains modern struggles like anxiety, relationships, money, morality, and even politics. From ancient tribes to the industrial revolution to today’s hyper-connected cities, he reveals how our DNA still pulls us toward tribal living—even while society pushes us into global conformity. Learn why so many people feel confused, anxious, and unfulfilled in modern life, and how to manipulate your environment to regain balance, happiness, and success.

Get your AWARENESS back! In this raw video from one of his company Zoom calls, Tai Lopez breaks down how the most successful people—from Alexander the Great’s life-saving bodyguard to today’s elite billionaires—share one common superpower: razor-sharp awareness. This isn’t optional. It’s the foundation of leadership, wealth, and lasting success. And it just happens to be the very first step in Tai’s original 67 Steps program.