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3 episodes with unless congress
2 episodes with unless congress
2 episodes with unless congress
2 episodes with unless congress
3 episodes with unless congress
60,000 families could lose their homes as a key federal housing program runs dry. Created to help survivors of abuse and homelessness, it now faces extinction. Will Congress step in before it's too late? Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Hosts: Leah Murray and Erin Rider Unless Congress is able to come together and pass a spending bill, the federal government will shut down in just a few hours. The previous two plans both failed, and a potential Plan C is in the works. Will it make it through with bipartisan support? If the government does indeed shut down tonight, then what? We begin Inside Sources with a deep dive into government funding, a potential shutdown, and the role Elon Musk, Donald Trump, and Democrats have on this whole situation.
Hosts: Leah Murray and Erin Rider Government Shutdown Watch: Will Congress be able to pass a spending bill? Unless Congress is able to come together and pass a spending bill, the federal government will shut down in just a few hours. The previous two plans both failed, and a potential Plan C is in the works. Will it make it through with bipartisan support? If the government does indeed shut down tonight, then what? We begin Inside Sources with a deep dive into government funding, a potential shutdown, and the role Elon Musk, Donald Trump, and Democrats have on this whole situation. Georgia district attorney disqualified from election interference case against Trump An appeals court in Georgia has disqualified Fulton County District Attorney Fani Willis and her office from the 2020 election interference case against President-elect Donald Trump. Why was she removed and what does this mean for the future of the case? Our guest host, Erin Rider, has a legal background and explains the processes for our listeners. The role of Utah law enforcement in implementing Trump’s deportation plans President-elect Donald Trump is still working on his deportation plans for once he takes office, but many are already questioning the role of local law officials in those plans. What are law enforcement officers in Utah saying about the plans, and how might they play a role in deporting undocumented immigrants? We spend a few minutes discussing it all on Inside Sources. Future of ‘Utah Fits All’ Scholarship in jeopardy A Utah judge is currently deciding whether the ‘Utah Fits All’ Scholarship can stand, or if it’s unconstitutional and must be struck down. It comes following arguments in court yesterday between the State and the Utah Education Association. If this supposed ‘voucher’ program were to be barred, what would it mean for those already awarded the money? Hosts Leah Murray and Erin Rider share their thoughts on public education and parental rights. Celebrating Hanukkah in Utah Several major religious holidays are coming up in the next week, including Hanukkah! Rabbi Avremi Zippel joins Inside Sources in the studio to share some of the history of Hanukkah celebrations in Utah. He also fills listeners in on how they can get involved in the celebrations, which begin at sundown on December 25th. Celebrating Christmas in Utah Christmas is also coming up on December 25th – in less than a week. Inside Sources hosts Leah Murray and Erin Rider finish the show sharing some of their favorite holiday traditions. They also discuss some of the ways you can get into the feeling of Christmas through the state.
Congress will have to do more than avert a government shut down by the end of the month to keep federal employees from a financial hit. Feds working overseas face a 22% pay cut if Congress doesn't reauthorize the necessary money. A lapse in funding would impact employees at the State department and five other federal agencies, Federal News Network's Jory Heckman has more. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoicesSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.
Congress will have to do more than avert a government shut down by the end of the month to keep federal employees from a financial hit. Feds working overseas face a 22% pay cut if Congress doesn't reauthorize the necessary money. A lapse in funding would impact employees at the State department and five other federal agencies, Federal News Network's Jory Heckman has more. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Welcome to Supreme Court Opinions. In this episode, you'll hear the Court's opinion in Abitron Austria GmbH v Hetronic International, Inc. In this case, the court considered this issue: Does the Lanham Act permit the owner of a U.S.-registered trademark to recover damages for the use of that trademark when the infringement occurred outside the United States and is not likely to cause confusion in the United States? The case was decided on June 29, 2023. The Supreme Court held that the Lanham Act extends trademark protection only to claims where the infringing “use in commerce” is domestic. Justice Samuel Alito authored the majority opinion of the Court. Unless Congress explicitly states otherwise, U.S. laws are generally presumed to apply only within the territorial jurisdiction of the United States. This presumption helps avoid conflicts with other countries and is premised on the idea that Congress typically legislates with domestic matters in mind. To apply the presumption against extraterritoriality, courts apply a two-step framework. First, a court must ask whether Congress has explicitly indicated that the statute should apply to foreign conduct. If not, then the second step is to ask whether the lawsuit seeks a permissible domestic or impermissible foreign application of the law. Applying that two-step framework here, the Court concluded that the Lanham Act applies only to claims where the infringing use is domestic. First, neither § 1114(1)(a) nor § 1125(a)(1) explicitly indicates that the statute should apply to foreign conduct. They prohibit the use “in commerce” of protected marks that are likely to cause confusion. A mere reference to “foreign commerce” does not make a statute extraterritorial. Second, the focus of the statute is on the “use in commerce” that is likely to cause confusion, which is domestic conduct. Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson filed a concurring opinion to elaborate on what it means to “use a trademark in commerce.” Justice Sonia Sotomayor filed an opinion concurring in the judgment, in which Chief Justice John Roberts and Justices Elena Kagan and Amy Coney Barrett joined, arguing that while the majority reached the correct conclusion, in her view the Lanham Act extends to activities carried out abroad when there is a likelihood of consumer confusion in the United States. The opinion is presented here in its entirety, but with citations omitted. If you appreciate this episode, please subscribe. Thank you. --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/scotus-opinions/support
6pm - Pro-Palestinian UW encampment remains after counter-protest, despite university concerns // Road rage shootings are rising in Washington // What makes some people more prone to anger behind the wheel? // Brace for Big Tax Hikes in 2026 Unless Congress Acts // Expiring TCJA Tax Provisions in 2026 Would Produce Substantial Tax Hikes across the U.S. // UW president calls for encampment to disband following 'antisemitic and violent' graffiti // Edith Macefield’s Ballard ‘Up’ house available for lease
Good health care depends on good health coverage, particularly for the most vulnerable. The Affordable Care Act expanded Medicaid eligibility and created exchanges where many Americans could access health insurance, often at a subsidized price. These new pathways to affordable coverage led to the uninsured rate dropping to record lows.Unfortunately, those recent gains in coverage and access now face new hurdles. After the end of the Covid public health emergency, states began a process of redetermining Medicaid eligibility which caused tens of millions to lose coverage. Many were forced to find a new source of insurance coverage, or lost it completely. The passage of the Inflation Reduction Act created enhanced subsidies for individuals seeking insurance on the ACA marketplace exchanges, leading to a record high enrollment this year. Those subsidies are set to expire in 2025. Unless Congress steps in, this could increase premiums, making coverage too expensive for many, threatening access to health care. In this episode, Stan Dorn, who has worked on coverage issues for almost 40 years and currently serves as the Director of the Health Policy Project at UnidosUS, explains what these dual threats to coverage mean for individuals and their families.Topics discussed include:Current state of the Medicaid redetermination process and its impact on coverage for recipientsCongressional action needed to avoid looming marketplace coverage cliff Long-term policy changes that will improve the ACA by protecting Medicaid expansion and continuing affordability in the exchange marketplaceMORE: UnidosUS, previously known as NCLR (National Council of La Raza), is the nation's largest Hispanic civil rights and advocacy organization. Through a unique combination of expert research, advocacy programs, and an Affiliate Network of nearly 300 community-based organizations across the United States and Puerto Rico, UnidosUS simultaneously challenges the social, economic, and political barriers that affect Latinos at the national and local levels. When it comes to health care, the group is focused on ensuring access to affordable coverage with an emphasis on helping people through the Medicaid unwinding process and enrolling them in exchange plans.
Unless Congress says otherwise, federal contractors will have a raft of new disclosure requirements imposed by the Biden administration. Specifically climate, ESG and cybersecurity. With how companies might deal with it all, Federal Drive Host Tom Temin has an in-studio conversation with the Head of Public Policy at Grant Thornton, Greg Wallig. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Unless Congress says otherwise, federal contractors will have a raft of new disclosure requirements imposed by the Biden administration. Specifically climate, ESG and cybersecurity. With how companies might deal with it all, Federal Drive Host Tom Temin has an in-studio conversation with the Head of Public Policy at Grant Thornton, Greg Wallig. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoicesSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.
The Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency is preparing to furlough more than 80% of its workforce under a government shutdown, potentially leaving the lead U.S. cyber agency with a skeleton crew to initially respond to attacks on the networks of federal agencies and critical infrastructure. The Department of Homeland Security's plan for a “lapse in appropriations,” updated today, shows CISA estimates it would retain 571 employees out of the 3,117 it had onboard as of mid-June. Those “excepted” staff would be required to work during a government shutdown, while the rest would be furloughed. Unless Congress acts in the coming days, funding for DHS and most other agencies expires at 12:01 a.m. Sunday, shutting down the government. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
The Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency is preparing to furlough more than 80% of its workforce under a government shutdown, potentially leaving the lead U.S. cyber agency with a skeleton crew to initially respond to attacks on the networks of federal agencies and critical infrastructure.The Department of Homeland Security's plan for a “lapse in appropriations,” updated today, shows CISA estimates it would retain 571 employees out of the 3,117 it had onboard as of mid-June. Those “excepted” staff would be required to work during a government shutdown, while the rest would be furloughed.Unless Congress acts in the coming days, funding for DHS and most other agencies expires at 12:01 a.m. Sunday, shutting down the government. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoicesSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.
This special episode examines what is looking increasingly likely: a federal government shutdown. Unless Congress can pass a continuing budget resolution by September 30, the shutdown will begin on Sunday, October 1.What would a federal government shutdown mean for people in Oregon and across the nation? Who would be most affected? And what are the deeper policy and ideological differences driving the nation toward a federal government shutdown?To examine these issues, the Oregon Center for Public Policy's Executive Director, Alejandro Queral, spoke with someone with decades of experience navigating the halls of Congress: Ellen Nissenbaum, Senior Vice President for Government Affairs at the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities.
Changes to tax policy often can be anticipated, and certain steps are taken to lessen their impact. Now is the time to consider the implications for your investment portfolio and financial planWhat's changing in tax policy at the end of 2025?• Lower tax rates authorized under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) of 2017 are scheduled to sunset at the end of 2025. • The law also basically doubled the lifetime gift and estate tax exemption, from $5.5 million to $11.2 million. • Barring Congressional action, the “non-permanent” changes to the law will expire on December 31, 2025, at which point the provisions will revert to pre-2017 levels. Income and capital gains taxeso Unless Congress acts, the top income tax bracket will increase to 39.6% from its current 37% pre-TCJA level. Taking distributions from a tax-deferred account. o Taking money out of a 401(k) plan or Traditional IRA sooner than you need it and paying ordinary income taxes at your lower current rate, could be a sensible move.o Caveat: Withdrawals from qualified retirement plans are taxed as ordinary income in the year received. Converting some or all of a traditional IRA to a Roth IRA. o Conversions from your traditional IRA to a Roth before 2026 allow you to pay the income tax liability upfront, presumably at a lower rate, rather than at the time of distribution.Sidestepping new RMD spend-down rules. o As a result of the SECURE 2.0 Act and beginning in 2023, beneficiaries are now required to spend down inherited IRAs or 401(k)s within 10 years. o Account owners who take distributions now and pay income taxes at today's lower current rates avoid this new requirement.Estate and Gift Taxeso Today, individuals can transfer up to $12.92 million, and married couples can transfer a total of up to $25.84 million, either during their lifetimes or as part of their estate) without triggering federal gift or estate taxes.Some potentially beneficial estate-planning strategies to consider include the following:o Making annual cash giftso Funding 529 plan education accounts o Using Trusts+++As with any tax-planning strategy, there is a possibility that Congress could change laws related to the gift and estate planning exemption. Review your tax and estate planning approach each year to make sure it's consistent with your financial goals and designed to provide you with some benefit given the current tax regime. You can also find a wealth of educational resources related to today's topic on our new webpage at wealthenhancement.com/yourmoney.
Unless Congress acts, Social Security is on track to be underfunded by 2035, and a major reason they haven't is the restrictions built into the program to get it passed under The New Deal. Donna and Nathan discuss the unique challenges of Social Security reform, and some common (and not so common) examples of passive income.Hosts: Donna Sowa Allard, CFP®, AIF® & Nathan Beauvais, EA, CFP®, CIMA®; Air Date: 4/6/2023. Have a question for the hosts? Visit sowafinancial.com/moneytalk-radio to join the conversation!See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
"Your Social Security Benefits will be Reduced unless Congress Addresses the Problem. Do You have a Plan to Make Up the Difference in Lost Income?"
"We are at a point now where unless there's a legislative solution to provide permanent protections for DACA recipients, many will likely lose what they have built over the last decade."
"We are at a point now where unless there's a legislative solution to provide permanent protections for DACA recipients, many will likely lose what they have built over the last decade."
Amid covid-19, the potential overturn of Roe v. Wade, and a war in Europe, the Affordable Care Act has been flying under the radar in 2022. But this will be a pivotal year for the federal health law. Unless Congress acts, millions of Americans could see their costs for coverage rise dramatically as expanded subsidies expire. At the same time, the end of the public health emergency could boost the uninsured rate as states disenroll people from Medicaid. Peter Lee, who recently stepped down as the first executive director of the largest state-run ACA insurance marketplace, Covered California, has thought long and hard about how the ACA came to be, how it's been implemented, and what should happen to it now. He joins host and KHN chief Washington correspondent Julie Rovner for a wide-ranging discussion on the state of the ACA.Click here for a transcript of the episode. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.
Abstract: Most ethics and compliance professionals have heard of the “seven hallmarks” of an effective E&C program that is enshrined in the U.S. Sentencing Commission's Federal Sentencing Guidelines: Implementing written standards of conduct, policies, and procedures. Designating a compliance officer and compliance committee. Conducting effective training and education. Developing effective lines of communication. Conducting internal monitoring and auditing. Enforcing standards through well-publicized disciplinary guidelines. Responded promptly to problems and undertaking corrective action. But where did these guidelines come from, and who is involved in the process of deciding these standards? In this episode of the Principled Podcast, host Eric Morehead of LRN's Advisory group talks about the evolving role of the U.S. Sentencing Commission with Kathleen Grilli, the commission's General Counsel. Listen in as the two discuss the history of compliance—going back more than 30 years—and unpack what sentencing data can tell us about E&C today. Read the full Federal Sentencing Guidelines for an effective E&C program. What You'll Learn on This Episode: [1:19] - The history of the sentencing commission and the different roles of the organization. [2:36] - How did the sentencing commission become such an integral part of corporate compliance? [6:40] - With whom does the sentencing commission consult with to find collaboration when considering revisions to guidelines? [12:35] - The 2004 amendments and incorporating ethics into the criteria for an effective program and examples of how changes to the organizational guidelines can come about. [15:36] - Does public comment have to come from advocacy organizations? [17:01] - Trends seen in organizational data over the years. [21:26] - Potential future changes to the organizational sentencing guidelines. Featured guest: Kathleen Cooper Grilli is the General Counsel for the United States Sentencing Commission, having been appointed to the position on October 7, 2013. Ms. Grilli has been on the staff of the Commission since 2003, serving as an assistant general counsel from 2003-2007 and deputy general counsel from 2007-2013. As the General Counsel, Ms. Grill provides legal advice to the Commissioners on sentencing issues and other matters relating to the operation of the Commission. Ms. Grilli is the agency's Ethics Officer and has conducted training on white collar crime and the organizational guidelines at numerous training events. Prior to working for the Sentencing Commission, Ms. Grilli was with the Office of Staff Counsel for the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals. Before relocating to Virginia, Ms. Grilli was a partner in a small firm in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, handling civil and criminal litigation. Her previous work experience includes serving as an Assistant Federal Public Defender in the Southern District of Florida and as an associate at Akerman, Senterfitt and Edison, handling commercial litigation. Ms. Grilli is a member of the Bars of Florida and Virginia. She received a Bachelor of Arts in International Relations, with honors, from Florida International University. She graduated cum laude from the University of Miami School of Law. Featured Host: Eric Morehead is a member of LRN's Advisory Services team and has over 20 years of experience working with organizations seeking to address compliance issues and build effective compliance and ethics programs. Eric conducts program assessments and examines specific compliance risks. He drafts compliance policies and codes of conduct, works with organizations to build and improve their compliance processes and tools, and provides live training for Boards of Directors, executives, managers, and employees. Eric ran his own consultancy for six years where he advised clients on compliance program enhancements and assisted in creating effective compliance solutions. He was formally the Head of Advisory Services for NYSE Governance Services, a leading compliance training organization, where he was responsible for all aspects of NYSE Governance Services' compliance consulting arm. Prior to joining NYSE, Eric was an Assistant General Counsel of the United States Sentencing Commission in Washington, DC. Eric served as the chair of the policy team that amended the Organizational Sentencing Guidelines in 2010. Eric also spent nearly a decade as a litigation attorney in Houston, Texas where he focused on white-collar and regulatory cases and represented clients at trial and before various agencies including SEC, OSHA and CFTC. Transcription: Intro: Welcome to The Principled Podcast, brought to you by LRN. The Principled Podcast brings together the collective wisdom on ethics, business, and compliance, transformative stories of leadership, and inspiring workplace culture. Listen in to discover valuable strategies from our community of business leaders and workplace change-makers. Eric Morehead: Why is the US Sentencing Commission involved in compliance and ethics? It's a question that both new compliance officers, as well as seasoned professionals, often ask. We've all heard of the seven hallmarks of an effective compliance program that are enshrined in the sentencing guidelines, but where did they come from and who is involved in the process of deciding these standards? Hello, and welcome to another episode of LRN's Principled Podcast. I'm your host, Eric Morehead with LRN's advisory services team. And today, I'm joined by Kathleen Grilli, the General Counsel for US Sentencing Commission. We're going to be talking about the Sentencing Commission, discussing a little compliance history going back more than 30 years, covering what the Commission's role is and was, and talking about what sentencing data might tell us about compliance today. Kathleen, thanks for coming on The Principled Podcast. Kathleen Grilli: Eric, thanks for inviting me. Eric Morehead: Can you tell us a little bit about the history of the Sentencing Commission itself and the different roles of the organization? Kathleen Grilli: Certainly. The Commission is an independent agency in the judicial branch of the federal government. It was established in 1984 by a bipartisan act of Congress called the Sentencing Reform Act of 1984. Congress tasked the Commission with the responsibility of developing federal sentencing policy. So the Commission's principle purposes are to establish sentencing policies and practices for the federal courts, including issuing guidelines regarding the appropriate form and severity of punishment for offenders convicted of federal crimes, to advise and assist Congress, the federal judiciary, and the executive branch in the development of effective and efficient crime policy, and to collect, analyze, research, and distribute a broad array of information on federal crime and sentencing issues. The Commission effectuates this mission in various ways through the guideline amendment process, our data collection research on the issuance of publications, and by providing training to judges, lawyers, and probation officers on federal sentencing issues. Eric Morehead: And historically, why and how is it that this Sentencing Commission became such an integral part of corporate compliance? Kathleen Grilli: Well, in 1984, when the Sentencing Reform Act was enacted white-collar crime scandals abounded, and the prevailing view was that corporate crime was a cost of doing business, Congress was concerned about inequities and sentencing and created the Commission to ensure that similarly situated defendants convicted of similar crimes received similar punishments. One of the perceived inequities was that affluent defendants were treated more leniently than indigent defendants. Although the primary focus of the Sentencing Reform Act was individual defendants and not organizational defendants or companies, the Act did make changes to the law that impacted companies. It authorized courts to impose a sentence of probation, or fine, or both on companies, and further permitted companies to be subject to orders of forfeiture notice to victims and restitution orders. The Commission understood these changes to mandate that it developed guidelines for sentencing organizations in addition to developing guidelines for sentencing individual defendants. This was quite controversial at the time and many in the business community openly opposed the Commission as it engaged in the process of developing the organizational guidelines. Back then, as I understand the historical record, there were no professional ethics and compliance officers, no professional organizations focused on ethics and compliance, no professional field of study, no business certifications in the topic. There was at least one voluntary association of defense contractors seeking to promote business ethics, and compliance programs in some form were recognized in the antitrust field but were not a prevalent part of corporate America. So the Commission wanted to find a way to deter corporate crime. Because it arises when an employee or an agent commits a crime while acting within the scope of his employment, the Commission thought that self-policing by corporations was the most effective tool to accomplish the goal of deterring corporate crime. Corporate criminal sanctions are a monetary payment to the court and/or restitution to the victims. Since corporations are in the business of making money, the Commission came to the realization that financial incentives would probably be the best way to incentivize corporations to self-police. The implementation of ethics and compliance programs was an outgrowth of the notion of self-policing. Under the chapter 8 guideline fine provisions, an organization has the ability to significantly reduce its fines by having an effective compliance and ethics program, reporting its crime to authorities, and cooperating with those authorities. The Commission thought that this punishment scheme would promote crime deterrence in this area of the law. Chapter 8 was the product of years of work with input from a wide variety of sources. The Commission started work on it in 1986 and held several public hearings featuring witnesses from federal and state agencies, probation officers, academics, the corporate sector, and special interest groups. After publishing several drafts of the organizational guidelines and about five years' worth of study, the Sentencing Commission received and considered a broad array of public comment, including proposals for incorporating affirmative governance factors into the guidelines. These efforts were informed by staff and outside working groups, and the seven elements for an effective ethics and compliance program grew out of this collaborative process. In addition, the Commission purposely drafted the elements in broad terms so that they could be individually tailored by a vastly different types of organizations to which they would apply. Eric Morehead: One of the things that I think comes up when you start talking about the role and the process of the Commission is this collaborative effort you mentioned. And the organizational sentencing guidelines have evolved since that first promulgation back in 1991, now, over 30 years. Can you talk a little more specifically about where the Sentencing Commission looks for that collaboration? Whom does it consult with when considering revisions to, not broadly speaking the guidelines, but maybe more specifically, the organizational sentencing guidelines? Kathleen Grilli: Sure, Eric. So I've already briefly described the multi-year pro that led to the creation of chapter 8. I would note that while the Commission has made over 800 amendments to the guideline manual, only two of those in the last 30 years have made substantive changes to chapter 8, where you find the organizational guidelines. The 2004 amendment and the 2010 amendment, both of which changes to the criteria for an effective ethics and compliance program. Each of those changes became part of the Commission's amendment cycle in a different way. So let me just briefly describe how that cycle works. The amendment cycle is annual, it's scheduled around certain deadlines set by Congress in the Sentencing Reform Act, our organic statute. For example, the earliest that the Commission can deliver amendments to Congress is at the start of a congressional session in January. And the latest date for delivery is May the 1st. The Act requires the Commission to comply with a notice and comment provisions of the Administrative Procedures Act, which means the Commission has to publicize proposals for Commission action and receive and consider public input about those proposals. So there are various opportunities for solicitation for public comment throughout the amendment cycle. The cycles typically starts in May or June when the Commission holds a planning session. At that session, they consider written materials that detail the work completed on priorities from the prior year and identifying any work that remained to be completed, and includes possible ideas for Commission action from a variety of outside sources. Correspondence, possibly received from judges and/or other members of the public. If we receive those suggestions outside of common period, what we do is we save them and we deliver them to the Commission during an open common period. We look at case law, particularly focusing on opinions from circuit court of appeals that arrive at conflicting decisions on issues surrounding the guidelines. We look at other scholarly materials that suggest changes to the guidelines. Crime legislation is considered. Our helpline database is looked at to find frequently occurring questions that we receive on guideline issues. And our training staff provides input on questions that they receive while training on the guidelines around the country. Sometimes, individual commissioners receive notes from judges or their other acquaintances containing similar suggestions. And the commissioners themselves often have ideas on policy issues that they want to address an amendment cycle. So they discuss these materials and they decide on a tentative list of priorities for the upcoming amendment cycle. We publish that in The Federal Register and on the Commission's website with a deadline for submission of public comment. And the Commission considers that public comment prior to deciding on its final priorities. Certain organizations send a letter to the Commission every year, like the Department of Justice who provides the executive branch a suggestion, for Commission action, the federal public defenders who represent indigent defendants. They also offer suggestions. The Commission has standing advisory groups that represent specific interest groups. Privately retained criminal defense lawyers, probation officers, victims, and Native American tribes who also submit public comments. And then we have certain advocacy groups that are regular submitters to the Commission. But in any given year, the Commission receives a variety of public comment letters from any number of organized groups and individual members of the public. The Commission reads that, decides on final priorities, votes on that at a public meeting, and then we begin our work. Work on these priorities is assigned to the staff of the Commission, which includes lawyers, social scientists, and training staff. And we assist the Commission in developing a robust administrative record on the issues under consideration. So we review case law, legislation, legislative history, Commission historical documents, and other scholarly or scientific literature. We also conduct data analysis using the sentencing data regularly compiled by the Commission. We meet with interested stakeholders to obtain additional information designed to inform the Commission's policy discussion. The staff working groups or the teams report their findings to the Commission in written materials and in oral presentations at the Commission's regular monthly business meetings. Ultimately, these teams develop proposed guideline amendments for the Commissioner's consideration. Draft amendments are published in The Federal Register for a 60-day comment period after the Commission votes to publish those amendments at a public meeting. Those are usually held in December, January. And during the public common period, the Commission holds at least one public hearing, which invited witnesses testify on the policy changes under consideration. After the hearing and review of all public comments, the Commission votes to promulgate amendments at a public meeting in April. The Commission delivers those amendments to Congress no later than May the 1st, at which point Congress has 180 days to review the amendments. Unless Congress enacts legislation, affirmatively disapproving the amendments, the guidelines automatically take effect at the end of the 180-day review period. So the 2004 amendment initially grew out of comments made to a group of seven new commissioners who were appointed in 1999. And they began hearing from these commenters that the organizational sentencing guidelines had been successful in inducing many organizations, both and indirectly, to focus on compliance and to create programs to prevent and detect violations of the law. But these commenters also suggested that changes could and should be made to chapter 8, to give organizations greater guidance regarding the factors that are likely to result in effective programs. Among other things, the Commission was urged to expressly incorporate ethics into the criteria for an effective program. In light of this feedback, the Commission decided to create an ad hoc advisory group to examine the issue and develop proposals for its consideration. Among the members of that group were the current Inspector General for the Department of Justice, Mike Horowitz, the former Attorney General, Eric Holder, and many ethics and compliance professionals from both small and large organizations. Not long after the formation of that group, Congress enacted the Sarbanes–Oxley Act, which directed the Commission to examine penalties for organizations. So the ad hoc groups work tied in very nicely to help the Commission respond to that directive. The ad hoc group did its due diligence, reviewing literature, public comment, soliciting feedback, conducting a hearing. And its work resulted in a draft proposal for changes to chapter 8 for the Commission to consider. The Commission then went through the regular amendment cycle that I just described to you, which resulted in the 2004 changes. As you well know, Eric, since you were at the Commission in 2010 and worked on this policy issue, that amendment grew out of the Commission's catch-all priority for the miscellaneous guideline amendment issues. Then Commissioner, now Chief Judge for the United States District Court in DC, Beryl Howell, believed that chapter eight could be approved upon. And she was able to convince her colleagues to consider this issue. Because the Commission believed that the issue would be very important to the ethics and compliance community, the Commission, through its staff, Eric, made concerted efforts to bring the matter under consideration to the attention of the actors in that community, soliciting comment, and inviting witnesses from the ethics and compliance community to testify at a public hearing. I must say, I have been on the staff of the Commission for 18 plus years, and that was the only hearing at which a miscellaneous amendment garnered two panels of witnesses at a hearing and more public comment than any other amendment under consideration during the amendment cycle. So that's a different example of how changes to the organizational guidelines can come about. Eric Morehead: And just to clarify one thing, you talked about advocacy groups, and earlier on mentioned that with the original promulgation in 1991, the Defense Initiative was involved. But does public comment have to come from advocacy organizations? Can it come from anyone? Kathleen Grilli: Public comment can come from anyone, and it can come in any form. Folks can email it to our Public Affairs Office. They can send a letter to a Commissioner saying, "Commissioner, I think you need to make this change to the guidelines." They can send it to a member of staff and we compile it, and keep it, and present it to the Commission, no matter who it comes from. In the past, in some of our other guideline amendments, the Commission has received and considered a huge amount of public comment that came from individuals out in the community who were not necessarily active at all in the criminal justice arena. Eric Morehead: Yeah. And I think that's an important point as that this process is very well documented and transparent. We see guidance on compliance coming from other regulators out there, but the process that goes on at the Sentencing Commission is something that really is public-focused. And I think that's an important distinction. One of the other key components of the Commission that you mentioned when you were talking about the role is data gathering, and that's gathering data on all the individuals and organizations who have either pled guilty, or been found guilty, and are now being sentenced in front of a federal court. What are some of the trends that we see when we look at organizational sentencing data over the years? Kathleen Grilli: Well, I'm glad you asked me about trends, Eric, because one of the things that we're working on right now is a publication to sort of commemorate the 30th anniversary of the organizational guidelines. And we're actually going to be taking a deeper dive into looking at trends. Because normally, when we report out data on the organizational guidelines, it's on an annual basis using our fiscal year data. Well, let me give you some information about a couple of things that I do know about. And I have seen in the years that I've been working on this. First of all, in the 30 years since the adoption of the organizational guidelines, only 11 organizations have received a culpability score reduction for having an effective ethics and compliance program. I view this as a very positive statistic because the Department of Justice tells the business world that it considers ethics and compliance program when evaluating whether to prosecute an organization criminally. Now, I know that there are other ways that organizations get sanctioned by regulatory authorities. Civil fines, non-prosecution agreements, and deferred prosecution agreements. But the bottom line is that Commission data reflects that very few organizations with an effective ethics and compliance program have been prosecuted and criminally sentenced. And I think that's a very big deal. I can tell you that the majority of organizations sentenced in recent years have fewer than 50 employees. And as I mentioned, the publication will be able to report whether that trend holds true over the almost three decades that we've been collecting data on organizational offenders. In the last 20 years, we've seen a steady increase in the percentage of cases in which courts have ordered the development of an ethics and compliance program as a condition of probation. In FY 2000, only 14% of cases involve such a condition compared to nearly that 27% in FY 2020, our fiscal year. Likewise, we have observed an increase in the percentage of cases involving co-defendant individual offenders who were not high-level officials of the organization. In the fiscal year 2000, we observed only 31% of the cases involving a co-defendant who is not a high-level official compared to almost 60% in FY 20. Eric Morehead: I think that's a real key data point that can be helpful to organizations when they're talking to their employees about the potential risks involved in misconduct and compliance failures, that doubling basically, of the percentage of individual actual humans that might find themselves facing a federal criminal sanction. Kathleen Grilli: Yes. But it's also important to note that they are not high level officials, which might contribute to the fact that you haven't seen so many organizations sentenced in our dataset. That and the culpability score reduction. Eric Morehead: Yeah. There's a lot of conventional wisdom. I think that can get debunked by looking at the Sentencing Commission's data. There's that point that it's not all the high level officials, but also that it's smaller organizations because we the headlines that involve the Enrons and other major corporations all the time. That's what gets the ink publications about corporate misconduct. But when we look at the data, it tells a different story. Kathleen Grilli: Yes, it does. Eric Morehead: And then one other thing that I think is helpful when we're looking at this data is it gives a proper context to the organizations that are facing the most significant punishment, if you will. Because you mentioned before, non-prosecution agreements and deferred prosecution agreements and other regulatory settlements, but there are other consequences out there for organizations that take a federal conviction, including debarment from doing future federal work. And I think the most famous case also is Arthur Anderson, that ceased to exist because they could no longer audit public corporations after they took a federal conviction. So there's other consequences out there when organizations face this ultimate consequence. Last area I wanted to spend just a couple minutes talking about, Kathleen, is what we might see down the road. What are some potential future changes to the organizational sentencing guidelines? What might be over the horizon for people that are paying attention to this? Kathleen Grilli: Well, Eric, let me get out my crystal ball and see what I can tell you. First of all, let me just say that I need Commissioners. Eric Morehead: Yes. That's true. Kathleen Grilli: This lack of voting quorum of Commissioners for three years now, and I'm quite hopeful that sometime in the very near future, the president will be nominating a slate of seven to replace the terms of the Commissioners that have expired. And the one last man standing are acting here, judge Brier. So I don't know what the potential future is. What I can say is that the guidelines were purposely drafted. The organizational guidelines that is were purposely drafted to broadly apply to all types of organizations. And the Commission has been loathed to make changes to those guidelines in the absence of a real hue and cry from either enforcement officials like the Department of Justice, or from the ethics and compliance community identifying a real need for changes. We are well aware of the fact that the two times that the Commission has made substantive changes to the chapter 8 guidelines, that it caused quite a ripple in the stream. And we're hearing a lot about the impact whether intended or not of the chapter eight guideline changes. So I think a new Commission would be loathed to take on consideration of policy changes in this area, absent that hue and cry. But I am not a presidential appointee. I'm simply the general Counsel of the agency. And I will go where my bosses tell me to go. So if they want to work on it, I say, Let's do it.: Eric Morehead: Wow. I hope that our audiences got a sense that there's a little bit more to the Sentencing Commission than just the seven hallmarks of the sentencing guidelines that they learned about when they first came into this area. But I'm afraid we're out of time for today. But Kathleen, thank you so much for joining me on this episode. Kathleen Grilli: Eric, thank you so much for inviting me. I really had a good time. Eric Morehead: Well, my name is Eric Moorhead, and I want to thank all of you for listening to The Principled Podcast by LRN. Outro: We hope you enjoyed this episode. The Principled Podcast is brought to you by LRN. At LRN, our mission is to inspire principled performance in global organizations by helping them foster winning, ethical cultures rooted in sustainable values. Please visit us at lrn.com to learn more. And if you enjoyed this episode, subscribe to our podcast on Apple Podcasts, Stitcher, Google podcasts, or wherever you listen. And don't forget to leave us a review.
American President again asked Congress to lift the United States debt limit after a meeting Wednesday with the nation's business leaders.在周三与美国商界领袖会晤后再次要求国会取消美国的债务上限.The White House Council of Economic Advisors warned before the meeting that the United States government will default on its obligations if Congress does not raise the debt limit by October 18.白宫经济顾问委员会在会前警告称，如果国会在 10 月 18 日之前不提高债务限额，美国政府将违约。A default is a failure to meet the legal obligations of a loan.违约是指未能履行贷款的法律义务。The council said millions of Americans might not receive their payments from Social Security and government healthcare. A default could also affect national defense and pandemic services.该委员会表示，数百万美国人可能无法从社会保障和政府医疗保健中获得付款。违约还可能影响国防和流行病服务。Since many countries depend on the U.S. monetary policy, it said a default “would likely cause credit markets worldwide to freeze up and stock markets to plunge. Employers around the world would likely have to begin laying off workers.”由于许多国家依赖美国的货币政策，它表示违约“可能会导致全球信贷市场冻结和股市暴跌。世界各地的雇主可能不得不开始裁员。”What is the debt limit?什么是债务限额？Like some of us, governments sometimes spend more money than they receive from taxes. So, they have to borrow money by issuing bonds, or debts, to be repaid later.像我们中的一些人一样，政府有时花的钱多于税收。因此，他们必须通过发行债券或债务来借钱，以便日后偿还。In the U.S., Congress has the power to set a debt limit. It is “the maximum amount of debt that the Department of the Treasury can issue to the public or to other federal agencies.”在美国，国会有权设定债务限额。那就是“财政部可以向公众或其他联邦机构发行的最大债务金额”。Since 1960, Congress has changed the debt limit 78 times under both Republican and Democratic administrations to pay for government operations.自 1960 年以来，在共和党和民主党政府执政期间，国会已 78 次更改债务限额，以支付政府运营费用。Raising the debt limit does not mean that Treasury has more money to spend. It only permits the U.S. government to “finance existing legal obligations.” When the limit is reached, the Treasury cannot issue more debt or borrow more money.提高债务上限并不意味着财政部有更多的钱可以花。它只允许美国政府“为现有的法律义务提供资金”。当达到限额时，财政部不能发行更多的债务或借更多的钱。What is the current situation?目前情况如何？In August 2019, the U.S. Congress passed a budget deal, with support from both Republican and Democratic lawmakers, that raised spending and suspended the debt limit for two years.2019 年 8 月，美国国会在共和党和民主党议员的支持下通过了一项预算协议，该协议增加了支出并将债务限额暂停了两年。Under the agreement, the money borrowed during the suspension of the debt limit will be added to the previous limit of $22 trillion. An additional $6.5 trillion had been borrowed since the 2019 tax cuts and pandemic spending, raising the nation's debt limit to $28.5 trillion.根据协议，暂停债务限额期间借入的资金将在之前的限额22万亿美元的基础上增加。自 2019 年减税和大流行支出以来，又借入了 6.5 万亿美元，使该国的债务上限提高到 28.5 万亿美元。The Congressional Budget Office estimated that the federal government has a deficit of $2.7 trillion for the budget year ending in September 2021. The government also ran up deficits each year from 2016 to 2020.国会预算办公室估计，联邦政府在 2021 年 9 月结束的预算年度的赤字为 2.7 万亿美元。从 2016 年到 2020 年，政府每年都出现赤字。Technically, the U.S. has already reached its debt limit at the end of July as agreed to in the 2019 budget deal. Once the debt limit is reached, the U.S. cannot borrow more money to pay its bills. But Treasury could and has used “extraordinary measures” like delaying some payments to employees' retirement funds to avoid a default.从技术上讲，美国已经在 7 月底达到了 2019 年预算协议中商定的债务上限。一旦达到债务上限，美国就不能再借更多的钱来支付账单。但财政部可以并且已经使用“非常规措施”，例如推迟向员工的退休基金支付部分款项以避免违约。Unless Congress acts to raise the debt limit, the Bipartisan Policy Center projects that the U.S. will most likely reach the limit between October 15 and November 4. The center added that a default would likely raise borrowing costs as investors will demand a higher rate of return on U.S. debts. Even a short-term default, it said, could also threaten the country's current economic recovery.除非国会采取行动提高债务上限，否则两党政策中心预计美国很可能在 10 月 15 日至 11 月 4 日之间达到上限。该中心补充说，由于投资者要求更高的回报率，违约可能会提高借贷成本关于美国债务。它说，即使是短期违约，也可能威胁到该国目前的经济复苏。Why does the U.S. have a debt limit?为什么美国有债务上限？Before World War I, the U.S. Congress permitted borrowing only for special reasons, such as the building of the Panama Canal. In 1917, Congress passed a law that set a debt limit. It gave Treasury some flexibility in dealing with the national debt to pay for the war.第一次世界大战之前，美国国会只允许出于特殊原因借款，例如巴拿马运河的建设。1917 年，国会通过了一项设定债务限额的法律。它使财政部在处理国债以支付战争费用方面具有一定的灵活性。The U.S. is one of few countries around the world with a debt limit. Denmark is often noted as another developed country with a debt limit. But Denmark often sets its borrowing limit so high that a default is not really possible.美国是世界上为数不多的有债务限额的国家之一。丹麦经常被认为是另一个有债务限额的发达国家。但丹麦经常将其借款限额设置得如此之高，以至于违约是不可能的。For many years in the U.S., raising the debt limit was not an issue. The Republican Party has since only supported increase while it has controlled the White House. It has argued against raising the limit under Democratic administrations.多年来，在美国，提高债务限额不是问题。此后，共和党只在控制白宫的情况下支持加薪。它反对在民主党政府下提高限额。Earlier this year, Democratic Congressman Bill Foster of Illinois introduced a bill to end the debt limit. The bill, however, is not guaranteed to pass with the currently divided legislature.今年早些时候，伊利诺伊州民主党众议员比尔福斯特提出了一项终止债务限额的法案。然而，该法案并不能保证在目前分裂的立法机构中获得通过。Late on Wednesday, Senate Republican leader Mitch McConnell told Democrats he would permit an emergency debt limit extension into December to avoid a default. If the offer is accepted, the U.S. will have to deal with the debt limit again by the end of the year.周三晚些时候，参议院共和党领袖米奇麦康奈尔告诉民主党人，他将允许紧急债务限额延长至 12 月，以避免违约。如果该提议被接受，美国将不得不在年底前再次处理债务限额问题。
American President again asked Congress to lift the United States debt limit after a meeting Wednesday with the nation's business leaders.在周三与美国商界领袖会晤后再次要求国会取消美国的债务上限.The White House Council of Economic Advisors warned before the meeting that the United States government will default on its obligations if Congress does not raise the debt limit by October 18.白宫经济顾问委员会在会前警告称，如果国会在 10 月 18 日之前不提高债务限额，美国政府将违约。A default is a failure to meet the legal obligations of a loan.违约是指未能履行贷款的法律义务。The council said millions of Americans might not receive their payments from Social Security and government healthcare. A default could also affect national defense and pandemic services.该委员会表示，数百万美国人可能无法从社会保障和政府医疗保健中获得付款。违约还可能影响国防和流行病服务。Since many countries depend on the U.S. monetary policy, it said a default “would likely cause credit markets worldwide to freeze up and stock markets to plunge. Employers around the world would likely have to begin laying off workers.”由于许多国家依赖美国的货币政策，它表示违约“可能会导致全球信贷市场冻结和股市暴跌。世界各地的雇主可能不得不开始裁员。”What is the debt limit?什么是债务限额？Like some of us, governments sometimes spend more money than they receive from taxes. So, they have to borrow money by issuing bonds, or debts, to be repaid later.像我们中的一些人一样，政府有时花的钱多于税收。因此，他们必须通过发行债券或债务来借钱，以便日后偿还。In the U.S., Congress has the power to set a debt limit. It is “the maximum amount of debt that the Department of the Treasury can issue to the public or to other federal agencies.”在美国，国会有权设定债务限额。那就是“财政部可以向公众或其他联邦机构发行的最大债务金额”。Since 1960, Congress has changed the debt limit 78 times under both Republican and Democratic administrations to pay for government operations.自 1960 年以来，在共和党和民主党政府执政期间，国会已 78 次更改债务限额，以支付政府运营费用。Raising the debt limit does not mean that Treasury has more money to spend. It only permits the U.S. government to “finance existing legal obligations.” When the limit is reached, the Treasury cannot issue more debt or borrow more money.提高债务上限并不意味着财政部有更多的钱可以花。它只允许美国政府“为现有的法律义务提供资金”。当达到限额时，财政部不能发行更多的债务或借更多的钱。What is the current situation?目前情况如何？In August 2019, the U.S. Congress passed a budget deal, with support from both Republican and Democratic lawmakers, that raised spending and suspended the debt limit for two years.2019 年 8 月，美国国会在共和党和民主党议员的支持下通过了一项预算协议，该协议增加了支出并将债务限额暂停了两年。Under the agreement, the money borrowed during the suspension of the debt limit will be added to the previous limit of $22 trillion. An additional $6.5 trillion had been borrowed since the 2019 tax cuts and pandemic spending, raising the nation's debt limit to $28.5 trillion.根据协议，暂停债务限额期间借入的资金将在之前的限额22万亿美元的基础上增加。自 2019 年减税和大流行支出以来，又借入了 6.5 万亿美元，使该国的债务上限提高到 28.5 万亿美元。The Congressional Budget Office estimated that the federal government has a deficit of $2.7 trillion for the budget year ending in September 2021. The government also ran up deficits each year from 2016 to 2020.国会预算办公室估计，联邦政府在 2021 年 9 月结束的预算年度的赤字为 2.7 万亿美元。从 2016 年到 2020 年，政府每年都出现赤字。Technically, the U.S. has already reached its debt limit at the end of July as agreed to in the 2019 budget deal. Once the debt limit is reached, the U.S. cannot borrow more money to pay its bills. But Treasury could and has used “extraordinary measures” like delaying some payments to employees' retirement funds to avoid a default.从技术上讲，美国已经在 7 月底达到了 2019 年预算协议中商定的债务上限。一旦达到债务上限，美国就不能再借更多的钱来支付账单。但财政部可以并且已经使用“非常规措施”，例如推迟向员工的退休基金支付部分款项以避免违约。Unless Congress acts to raise the debt limit, the Bipartisan Policy Center projects that the U.S. will most likely reach the limit between October 15 and November 4. The center added that a default would likely raise borrowing costs as investors will demand a higher rate of return on U.S. debts. Even a short-term default, it said, could also threaten the country's current economic recovery.除非国会采取行动提高债务上限，否则两党政策中心预计美国很可能在 10 月 15 日至 11 月 4 日之间达到上限。该中心补充说，由于投资者要求更高的回报率，违约可能会提高借贷成本关于美国债务。它说，即使是短期违约，也可能威胁到该国目前的经济复苏。Why does the U.S. have a debt limit?为什么美国有债务上限？Before World War I, the U.S. Congress permitted borrowing only for special reasons, such as the building of the Panama Canal. In 1917, Congress passed a law that set a debt limit. It gave Treasury some flexibility in dealing with the national debt to pay for the war.第一次世界大战之前，美国国会只允许出于特殊原因借款，例如巴拿马运河的建设。1917 年，国会通过了一项设定债务限额的法律。它使财政部在处理国债以支付战争费用方面具有一定的灵活性。The U.S. is one of few countries around the world with a debt limit. Denmark is often noted as another developed country with a debt limit. But Denmark often sets its borrowing limit so high that a default is not really possible.美国是世界上为数不多的有债务限额的国家之一。丹麦经常被认为是另一个有债务限额的发达国家。但丹麦经常将其借款限额设置得如此之高，以至于违约是不可能的。For many years in the U.S., raising the debt limit was not an issue. The Republican Party has since only supported increase while it has controlled the White House. It has argued against raising the limit under Democratic administrations.多年来，在美国，提高债务限额不是问题。此后，共和党只在控制白宫的情况下支持加薪。它反对在民主党政府下提高限额。Earlier this year, Democratic Congressman Bill Foster of Illinois introduced a bill to end the debt limit. The bill, however, is not guaranteed to pass with the currently divided legislature.今年早些时候，伊利诺伊州民主党众议员比尔福斯特提出了一项终止债务限额的法案。然而，该法案并不能保证在目前分裂的立法机构中获得通过。Late on Wednesday, Senate Republican leader Mitch McConnell told Democrats he would permit an emergency debt limit extension into December to avoid a default. If the offer is accepted, the U.S. will have to deal with the debt limit again by the end of the year.周三晚些时候，参议院共和党领袖米奇麦康奈尔告诉民主党人，他将允许紧急债务限额延长至 12 月，以避免违约。如果该提议被接受，美国将不得不在年底前再次处理债务限额问题。
American President again asked Congress to lift the United States debt limit after a meeting Wednesday with the nation's business leaders.在周三与美国商界领袖会晤后再次要求国会取消美国的债务上限.The White House Council of Economic Advisors warned before the meeting that the United States government will default on its obligations if Congress does not raise the debt limit by October 18.白宫经济顾问委员会在会前警告称，如果国会在 10 月 18 日之前不提高债务限额，美国政府将违约。A default is a failure to meet the legal obligations of a loan.违约是指未能履行贷款的法律义务。The council said millions of Americans might not receive their payments from Social Security and government healthcare. A default could also affect national defense and pandemic services.该委员会表示，数百万美国人可能无法从社会保障和政府医疗保健中获得付款。违约还可能影响国防和流行病服务。Since many countries depend on the U.S. monetary policy, it said a default “would likely cause credit markets worldwide to freeze up and stock markets to plunge. Employers around the world would likely have to begin laying off workers.”由于许多国家依赖美国的货币政策，它表示违约“可能会导致全球信贷市场冻结和股市暴跌。世界各地的雇主可能不得不开始裁员。”What is the debt limit?什么是债务限额？Like some of us, governments sometimes spend more money than they receive from taxes. So, they have to borrow money by issuing bonds, or debts, to be repaid later.像我们中的一些人一样，政府有时花的钱多于税收。因此，他们必须通过发行债券或债务来借钱，以便日后偿还。In the U.S., Congress has the power to set a debt limit. It is “the maximum amount of debt that the Department of the Treasury can issue to the public or to other federal agencies.”在美国，国会有权设定债务限额。那就是“财政部可以向公众或其他联邦机构发行的最大债务金额”。Since 1960, Congress has changed the debt limit 78 times under both Republican and Democratic administrations to pay for government operations.自 1960 年以来，在共和党和民主党政府执政期间，国会已 78 次更改债务限额，以支付政府运营费用。Raising the debt limit does not mean that Treasury has more money to spend. It only permits the U.S. government to “finance existing legal obligations.” When the limit is reached, the Treasury cannot issue more debt or borrow more money.提高债务上限并不意味着财政部有更多的钱可以花。它只允许美国政府“为现有的法律义务提供资金”。当达到限额时，财政部不能发行更多的债务或借更多的钱。What is the current situation?目前情况如何？In August 2019, the U.S. Congress passed a budget deal, with support from both Republican and Democratic lawmakers, that raised spending and suspended the debt limit for two years.2019 年 8 月，美国国会在共和党和民主党议员的支持下通过了一项预算协议，该协议增加了支出并将债务限额暂停了两年。Under the agreement, the money borrowed during the suspension of the debt limit will be added to the previous limit of $22 trillion. An additional $6.5 trillion had been borrowed since the 2019 tax cuts and pandemic spending, raising the nation's debt limit to $28.5 trillion.根据协议，暂停债务限额期间借入的资金将在之前的限额22万亿美元的基础上增加。自 2019 年减税和大流行支出以来，又借入了 6.5 万亿美元，使该国的债务上限提高到 28.5 万亿美元。The Congressional Budget Office estimated that the federal government has a deficit of $2.7 trillion for the budget year ending in September 2021. The government also ran up deficits each year from 2016 to 2020.国会预算办公室估计，联邦政府在 2021 年 9 月结束的预算年度的赤字为 2.7 万亿美元。从 2016 年到 2020 年，政府每年都出现赤字。Technically, the U.S. has already reached its debt limit at the end of July as agreed to in the 2019 budget deal. Once the debt limit is reached, the U.S. cannot borrow more money to pay its bills. But Treasury could and has used “extraordinary measures” like delaying some payments to employees' retirement funds to avoid a default.从技术上讲，美国已经在 7 月底达到了 2019 年预算协议中商定的债务上限。一旦达到债务上限，美国就不能再借更多的钱来支付账单。但财政部可以并且已经使用“非常规措施”，例如推迟向员工的退休基金支付部分款项以避免违约。Unless Congress acts to raise the debt limit, the Bipartisan Policy Center projects that the U.S. will most likely reach the limit between October 15 and November 4. The center added that a default would likely raise borrowing costs as investors will demand a higher rate of return on U.S. debts. Even a short-term default, it said, could also threaten the country's current economic recovery.除非国会采取行动提高债务上限，否则两党政策中心预计美国很可能在 10 月 15 日至 11 月 4 日之间达到上限。该中心补充说，由于投资者要求更高的回报率，违约可能会提高借贷成本关于美国债务。它说，即使是短期违约，也可能威胁到该国目前的经济复苏。Why does the U.S. have a debt limit?为什么美国有债务上限？Before World War I, the U.S. Congress permitted borrowing only for special reasons, such as the building of the Panama Canal. In 1917, Congress passed a law that set a debt limit. It gave Treasury some flexibility in dealing with the national debt to pay for the war.第一次世界大战之前，美国国会只允许出于特殊原因借款，例如巴拿马运河的建设。1917 年，国会通过了一项设定债务限额的法律。它使财政部在处理国债以支付战争费用方面具有一定的灵活性。The U.S. is one of few countries around the world with a debt limit. Denmark is often noted as another developed country with a debt limit. But Denmark often sets its borrowing limit so high that a default is not really possible.美国是世界上为数不多的有债务限额的国家之一。丹麦经常被认为是另一个有债务限额的发达国家。但丹麦经常将其借款限额设置得如此之高，以至于违约是不可能的。For many years in the U.S., raising the debt limit was not an issue. The Republican Party has since only supported increase while it has controlled the White House. It has argued against raising the limit under Democratic administrations.多年来，在美国，提高债务限额不是问题。此后，共和党只在控制白宫的情况下支持加薪。它反对在民主党政府下提高限额。Earlier this year, Democratic Congressman Bill Foster of Illinois introduced a bill to end the debt limit. The bill, however, is not guaranteed to pass with the currently divided legislature.今年早些时候，伊利诺伊州民主党众议员比尔福斯特提出了一项终止债务限额的法案。然而，该法案并不能保证在目前分裂的立法机构中获得通过。Late on Wednesday, Senate Republican leader Mitch McConnell told Democrats he would permit an emergency debt limit extension into December to avoid a default. If the offer is accepted, the U.S. will have to deal with the debt limit again by the end of the year.周三晚些时候，参议院共和党领袖米奇麦康奈尔告诉民主党人，他将允许紧急债务限额延长至 12 月，以避免违约。如果该提议被接受，美国将不得不在年底前再次处理债务限额问题。
This episode is also available as a blog post: http://donnyferguson.com/2020/06/14/meat-shortages-are-coming-unless-congress-breaks-up-the-highly-centralized-system-it-created/ --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/donny-ferguson/message
Bad news for Sean Penn, chef Mario Batali, Adam Schiff, Cal Ripken, James Comey, Dr. Oz, John Elway, Anthony Robbins, Dave Ramsey and the nearly four million other (still living) Americans born in 1960. Unless Congress acts, the Covid-19 recession will cost ALL 1960 babies about 9% of their projected Social Security benefits! These famous people might not feel it much, but if you were born in 1960, you need to know that you have gotten a big pay cut for life, unless Congress comes to your rescue. For the average worker, assuming they collect benefits for 18 years, the present value of their lost lifetime benefits would be more than $45,000 DOLLARS, due to the formula that has been in effect for decades. We'll explain exactly why today, and then Medicare and health insurance expert Shelley Grandidge will explain how to save thousands on health insurance. This is one show you don't want to miss...MASTERING MONEY is on the air!!!
Monday 19Apr21 The David Knight Show INTERVIEW: Dan McKnight, BringOurTroopsHome.us soldiers working at state level to block National Guard deployment UNLESS Congress first declares war Ontario embraces full police state — some police push back (a little) YouTube CEO sponsors FreeSpeech award program — and, surprise, WINS FreeSpeech award and hypocritically talks about her family's history in communist Poland Austin shooting days after police push geotracking “safety” app Maxine Waters - incitement to riot? TOPICS by TIMECODES below Find out more about the show and where you can watch it at TheDavidKnightShow.com If you would like to support the show and our family please consider subscribing monthly here: SubscribeStar https://www.subscribestar.com/the-david-knight-show Or you can send a donation through, PayPal at: https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/davidknightshow Venmo at: venmo@davidknightshow Cash App at: $davidknightshow BTC to: bc1qkuec29hkuye4xse9unh7nptvu3y9qmv24vanh7 Mail: David Knight, POB 1323, Elgin, TX 78621 1:04 Doug Ford, Premier of Ontario, shows there is NO limit to what today's tyrants will try. Some police push back — are they pushing enough? 27:57 Canadian resistance organizing — People's Party — where's the American resistance? What American political party pushes back against covid communism? 36:58 Ontario police departments push back — too little? 41:00 German resistance to covid communism by “corona rebels” comically defamed by Vice as conspiracy theorists and anti-Semitic in virtually every other sentence. If there's no proof, just repeat more frequently. 56:31 Bill Maher appeals to his leftist fans to stop following the fear porn from politicians and press who are in it for money and power 1:17:08 Biden spending $1.7B for tracking mutations, “genomic epidemiology” and “bioinformatics” 1:21:58 DailyBeast & Canadian govt crush gym owner's business then try to crucify him as a “super spreader” site. Here's how we know they're lying 1:33:41 Listener letters — a flight attendant, writes about defusing his fellow workers attack on elderly passenger for mask “crimes”; tribalism and censorship escalating on both sides 1:42:28 Austin Police Dept rolls out surveillance app (to give you alerts down to a particular building) just days before fatal shootings by former Austin LEO Detective, accused of sexual assault of minor but free 1:47:24 Minneapolis, black neighborhood group working to deescalate tensions around the George Floyd / Derek Chauvin trial as Maxine Waters flies into town to incite 1:59:47 INTERVIEW: Sgt Dan McKnight, BringOurTroopsHome.us and DefendTheGuard.us — A movement to stop the use of National Guard troops in undeclared wars. And, what will be the impact of Biden's delay of removing troops from Afghanistan? Is it a deliberate move to escalate and remain? 2:47:13. YouTube CEO Pays for Her “FreeSpeech” Award. Even more hypocritical, she talks about her Polish grandparents living under censorship — that was NOT NEARLY AS BAD as what Susan Wojcicki has brought about in the digital public square
Monday 19Apr21 The David Knight Show* INTERVIEW: Dan McKnight, BringOurTroopsHome.us soldiers working at state level to block National Guard deployment UNLESS Congress first declares warOntario embraces full police state — some police push back (a little)* YouTube CEO sponsors FreeSpeech award program — and, surprise, WINS FreeSpeech award and hypocritically talks about her family's history in communist Poland* Austin shooting days after police push geotracking “safety” app* Maxine Waters - incitement to riot?1:04 Doug Ford, Premier of Ontario, shows there is NO limit to what today's tyrants will try. Some police push back — are they pushing enough?27:57 Canadian resistance organizing — People's Party — where's the American resistance? What American political party pushes back against covid communism?36:58 Ontario police departments push back — too little?41:00 German resistance to covid communism by “corona rebels” comically defamed by Vice as conspiracy theorists and anti-Semitic in virtually every other sentence. If there's no proof, just repeat more frequently.56:31 Bill Maher appeals to his leftist fans to stop following the fear porn from politicians and press who are in it for money and power1:17:08 Biden spending $1.7B for tracking mutations, “genomic epidemiology” and “bioinformatics”1:21:58 DailyBeast & Canadian govt crush gym owner's business then try to crucify him as a “super spreader” site. Here's how we know they're lying1:33:41 Listener letters — a flight attendant, writes about defusing his fellow workers attack on elderly passenger for mask “crimes”; tribalism and censorship escalating on both sides1:42:28 Austin Police Dept rolls out surveillance app (to give you alerts down to a particular building) just days before fatal shootings by former Austin LEO Detective, accused of sexual assault of minor but free1:47:24 Minneapolis, black neighborhood group working to deescalate tensions around the George Floyd / Derek Chauvin trial as Maxine Waters flies into town to incite1:59:47 INTERVIEW: Sgt Dan McKnight, BringOurTroopsHome.us and DefendTheGuard.us — A movement to stop the use of National Guard troops in undeclared wars. And, what will be the impact of Biden's delay of removing troops from Afghanistan? Is it a deliberate move to escalate and remain?2:47:13. YouTube CEO Pays for Her “FreeSpeech” Award. Even more hypocritical, she talks about her Polish grandparents living under censorship — that was NOT NEARLY AS BAD as what Susan Wojcicki has brought about in the digital public square Find out more about the show and where you can watch it at TheDavidKnightShow.comIf you would like to support the show and our family please consider subscribing monthly here: SubscribeStar https://www.subscribestar.com/the-david-knight-showOr you can send a donation through,PayPal at: https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/davidknightshowVenmo at: venmo@davidknightshowCash App at: $davidknightshowBTC to: bc1qkuec29hkuye4xse9unh7nptvu3y9qmv24vanh7Mail: David Knight, POB 1323, Elgin, TX 78621
Good Morning, Colorado, and welcome to the Daily Sun-Up from the Colorado Sun. It’s Friday February 19th, and we’re lucky to start the day with you. Today - Over the past week winter storms around the U.S. have led to failures in the Texas power grid. But how is the system in Colorado different? and could this happen here? But before we begin, let’s go back in time with some Colorado history adapted from historian Derek R Everett’s book “Colorado Day by Day”: Today, we’re going back to February 19th, 2015 when President Barack Obama used his authority under the Antiquities Act to authorize Browns Canyon National Monument. As a result, generations of screaming, laughing visitors who ride the rapids will enjoy a landscape that meets the needs of locals and preserves the natural beauty. Now our feature story. Intense winter storms have rolled across the country this past week, and failures in the Texas power grid have made things even worse. Could something like that happen in Colorado? Reporters Michael Booth and Lucy Haggard talk about Colorado’s energy capacity for extreme events. To read more about Colorado’s power system, go to coloradosun.com. Finally, here are a few stories that you should know about today: Nearly three hundred thousand Coloradans will get access on Saturday to the latest round of federal unemployment benefits. The state’s so-called Phase 2 of rollout will go to those who had exhausted their benefits before the CARES Act funding ended on December 26. Unless Congress passes a relief bill this week, unemployed workers will likely experience another gap before they can get extended benefits again. https://coloradosun.com/2021/02/18/colorado-reopen-unemployment-federal-benefits/ Communities that experience high levels of air pollution may also see higher rates of coronavirus infection, hospitalizations and deaths. A study released Thursday by Colorado’s health department found that the relationship between air pollution and COVID-19 is still unclear. But the study concluded the pandemic has had an outsized impact on Latinx and Black communities especially, as well as communities with large numbers of workers whose jobs do not allow them to work at home. https://coloradosun.com/2021/02/18/colorado-coronavirus-air-pollution/ Two snowboarders facing criminal charges for causing an avalanche will still have their GoPro video used as evidence in court. A Summit County judge ruled against the pair’s request to throw out the video, which they said they gave to the Colorado Avalanche Information Center to analyze following the slide last March. The men are charged with reckless endangerment and face a fine of 168-thousand-dollars to replace avalanche mitigation equipment damaged when they triggered a slide above the Eisenhower Tunnel. For more information on all of these stories, visit our website, www.coloradosun.com. Now, a quick message from our editor. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
The guest host for today's show is Brad Bannon. Brad runs Bannon Communications Research, a polling, message development and media firm which helps labor unions, progressive issue groups and Democratic candidates win public affairs and political campaigns. His new show, 'Deadline D.C. with Brad Bannon,' airs every Monday from 3-4pm ET. Brad is first joined by Charlie Cook, Editor and Publisher of the 'Cook Political Report.' His Twitter handle is @CharlieCookDC. The two preview the Georgia Senate runoff elections. They also discuss what they believe a Biden administration will look like, and what it might be able to accomplish depending on whether the Senate will be controlled by Republicans or Democrats. During the second half of the show, Brad leads a political round-table with Tara Devlin and Mark Grimaldi. The roundtable details the dire need for a COVID-19 stimulus package. Unless Congress swiftly passes a stimulus bill: - Nearly 7 million Americans are at risk of being evicted and without homes as the CDC’s temporary moratorium on evictions is set to expire Dec. 31; - Millions more will slip into poverty and become food insecure; - On Dec. 26, 12 million more unemployed people will lose their federal and state unemployment benefits as the remaining $300 weekly bonus as the CARES Act dries up - The pause on federal student loans is set to end on Jan. 31, meaning loan officers will soon be able to start charging interest again Brad, Tara and Mark also discuss whether they believe Trump will be the Republican nominee for President in 2024. Tara Devlin is a New York City based comedian, writer, and the founder of RepublicanDirtyTricks.com, also known as RDT Daily. Tara’s unapologetically-liberal podcast, "TARABUSTER,” is 100% listener supported, free from corporate influence, and 5-star viewer-reviewed. Join the resistance by becoming a Patron of Tarabuster and RDT Daily at Patreon.com/TaraDevlin. You can follow Tara on Twitter at @REALTaraDevlin and on Instagram at @Taradackty. Mark Grimaldi has been a progressive political activist for the past 12 years. He volunteered for the campaigns of President Obama (2008 and 2012), Senator Bernie Sanders (2016), Secretary Hillary Clinton (2016), and President-Elect Joe Biden (2020). Mark is also involved in campaign finance reform efforts around the country, and philanthropic efforts for Cancer research. His Twitter handle is @MarkJGrimaldi. Brad is on the National Journal's panel of political insiders and is a national political analyst for WGN TV and Radio in Chicago and KNX Radio in Los Angeles. You can read Brad's columns at www.MuckRack.com/Brad-Bannon and watch his previous 'Deadline D.C.' broadcasts at www.Periscope.TV/BradBannon. His Twitter handle is @BradBannon. Watch a video broadcast of this episode here on Twitter/Periscope: https://www.periscope.tv/w/1RDGlPDVLljGL Or here on Facebook Live: http://www.tinyurl.com/BradFacebook12720
During this episode, Leslie is joined by United Steelworkers President Tom Conway(USW), North America’s largest industrial union. They’re 1.2 million members and retirees strong in the United States, Canada and the Caribbean. They proudly represent men and women who work in nearly every industry there is. Leslie and Tom discuss how time is quickly running out for Congress – and specifically the Senate – to pass COVID-19 relief as tens of millions of Americans continue to struggle to make rent payments and put food on the table. Unless Congress swiftly passes a stimulus bill: - Nearly 7 million Americans are at risk of being evicted and without homes as the CDC’s temporary moratorium on evictions is set to expire Dec. 31; - Millions more will slip into poverty and become food insecure; - The pause on federal student loans is set to end Dec. 31, meaning loan officers will soon be able to start charging interest again; - On Dec. 26, 12 million more unemployed people will lose their federal and state unemployment benefits as the remaining $300 weekly bonus as the CARES Act dries up. There’s a bill ready: - The House of Representatives passed the HEROES Act back in May – a $3 trillion relief package that would stimulate the economy and help American people stay afloat. - And last month a record breaking 80 million Americans voted for Joe Biden, in no small part because they know the country needs more help from elected leaders. - But the Senate refused to touch the stimulus bill, preferring instead to ram through Amy Coney Barrett’s Supreme Court confirmation. The House updated the HEROES Act this fall. It would provide crucial assistance to Americans fighting to pay their bills by: - Funneling aid toward local, state and tribal governments to keep necessary public services up and running; - Expanding paid sick days, family and medical leave, and unemployment compensation; - Protecting essential workers by establishing a fund for employers to provide premium pandemic pay; - Providing COBRA subsidies for laid-off workers; - Protecting essential workers and helping stop the spread of the virus by establishing requirements for COVID-19 testing and contact tracing - Extending and expanding the moratorium on certain evictions and foreclosures, which is set to expire Dec. 31 and leave thousands at risk of homelessness - It’d be especially important for workers because it would require OSHA to establish an infectious disease standard – keeping employers accountable for COVID regulations, thereby increasing workplace safety. A relief bill like the HEROES Act is not only necessary to repair the economy – it is needed to help our health care workers and stop the spread of the virus. It would give health care workers the resources they need to conduct COVID-19 testing, track community spread, and fight the infection rate, while researchers and manufacturers work furiously to produce and distribute a vaccine. There have also been a number of smaller solutions proposed that would at least serve as a beginning point for recovery, but Mitch McConnell continues to stand in the way of comprehensive help. - Some states are scraping together funds to soften the blow of federal inaction. - This week Democratic senators pushed to bring back enhanced unemployment benefits. - And a bipartisan group of Senators put forward a much smaller stimulus bill that Mitch McConnell called, "a waste of time." If you'd like to call Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell's Senate office and urge him to pass the HEROES Act, or the smaller bipartisan relief package, his Senate phone number is (202) 224-2541. The website for the USW is USW.org. Their handle on both Twitter and Instagram is @steelworkers.
In this episode, Salvadoran TPS holder, Yanira Arias, an activist with Chicago-based Alianza Américas, discusses the risks of deportation roughly 2.2 million immigrants face next year, including herself, if the next president does not offer them "deferred enforced departure", a temporary legal remedy while Congress works on a long term solution. Her group joined more than 200 other like-minded organizations last Friday in sending letters to President, Donald Trump, and Democratic presidential hopeful, Joe Biden, urging either one to help these vulnerable immigrants. Arias, who was granted TPS some 21 years ago, says El Salvador is still a dangerous place to live and work in, and it´s not ready to absorb the thousands of Salvadorans that would likely be deported once their permits expire. Unless Congress or the White House act fast next year.
We are potentially on the backside of consumer protections from the pandemic. One of these protections was to put evictions on hold while people were struggling to make rent payments. Unless Congress or individual states extend the protections, waves of evictions are possible. ProPublica had a very informative article out on this subject that I wanted to share with you. Your Get Out of Debt Guy. Steve Rhode --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/get-out-of-debt-guy/support
We’re about to find out. Unless Congress has a new plan in place by next week, tens of millions of people are going to lose an extra $600 a week in unemployment benefits — around a 60% cut for most. A few days later, rent is due. Today, we’ll continue our look at the impact that loss will have on American households. Also set to change: requirements in many places for getting benefits at all. Plus: the coin shortage and what it takes for a company like Apple to become carbon neutral. By the way, please help us improve this podcast by taking a quick, anonymous survey at americanpublicmedia.org/survey.
We’re about to find out. Unless Congress has a new plan in place by next week, tens of millions of people are going to lose an extra $600 a week in unemployment benefits — around a 60% cut for most. A few days later, rent is due. Today, we’ll continue our look at the impact that loss will have on American households. Also set to change: requirements in many places for getting benefits at all. Plus: the coin shortage and what it takes for a company like Apple to become carbon neutral. By the way, please help us improve this podcast by taking a quick, anonymous survey at americanpublicmedia.org/survey.
Unless Congress acts, unemployment benefit enhancements will expire. And that could have big effects on the economy.
Bad news for Sean Penn, chef Mario Batali, Adam Schiff, Cal Ripken, James Comey, Dr. Oz, John Elway, Anthony Robbins, Dave Ramsey and the nearly four million other (still living) Americans born in 1960. Unless Congress acts, the Covid-19 recession will cost ALL 1960 babies about 9% of their projected Social Security benefits! These famous people might feel it much, but if you were born in 1960, you need to know that you have gotten a big paycut for life, unless Congress comes to your rescue. For the average worker, assuming they collect benefits for 18 years, the present value of their lost lifetime benefits would be more than $45,000 DOLLARS, due to the formula that has been in effect for decades. We'll explain exactly why today, and then Medicare and health insurance expert Shelley Grandidge will explain how to save thousands on health insurance. This is one show you don't want to miss...MASTERING MONEY is on the air!!!
It’s Monday, January 22nd. Unless Congress was struck with a stroke of conciliatory behavior, the government is still shut down. First let’s look at some headlines from the PT world. The VA is leading the charge to be transparent with opioid prescriptions, home health patients on Medicare may not be getting the proper coverage they’ve been told they have, and prior authorization could get a “little” bit easier. Also, have you heard about this therapy cap? It’s kind of a big deal. Last but not least, we’re talking with guest Karen Litzy on the Graham Sessions. Talus Media News is a subsidiary of Talus Media: PT Views & PT News. You can find all interviews mentioned in this newscast on our sister channel, Talus Media Talks. Check us out on Twitter & Facebook @TalusMedia, and head to our website at talusmedia.org for more information.
Nearly two years ago on January 26, 2016, Life of the Law presented Un-DACA-mented, a report on the Obama Administration's DACA Program, or Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals. The program, begun in 2012 offered undocumented immigrants who came to the US as children, a chance to defer deportation. Life of the Law producer Jonathan Hirsch traveled to Texas where he met Luis Morales, a young man who came to the US from Mexico with his family when he was eight years old. In 2015, with the help of his family and Jose "Chito" Vela, a local immigration attorney, Luis was sorting out DACA requirements and regulations, immigration enforcement and shifting American politics. Our story left off with Luis hoping Immigration authorities would favorably rule on a review of his case and grant him a DACA permit. Since we shared Luis's story, his immigration status and the DACA program have been in jeopardy. Throughout 2016, while campaigning for president, Donald Trump threatened to end the DACA program on his first day in office. On September 5, 2017, Attorney General Jeff Sessions announced the Justice Department was ending the DACA program, but would give Congress six months to try and save the policy. Sessions also announced the Trump administration would not accept any new DACA applications, but would allow those already in the DACA program to apply for a two-year renewal if they applied by Thursday, October 5. Unless Congress acts to save the DACA program, the last permit will expire on March 5, 2020. This week on Life of the Law... we share Luis's story and at the end of the episode, talk to his attorney and his mother, to find out what has happened since we first met Luis two years ago. Production Notes: Life Un-DACAmented 2017 was reported by Jonathan Hirsch, with additional reporting by Nancy Mullane. This story was edited by Annie Avilés. Our post production editors are Kirsten Jusewicz-Haidle and Rachael Cain and our Senior Producer is Tony Gannon. Music in this episode was from Blue Dot Sessions and Ian Coss. Katie McMurran was our engineer at the studios of KQED in San Francisco. This episode of Life of the Law was funded in part by grants from theLaw and Society Association, and theNational Science Foundation. Justworks was a sponsor of this episode of Life of the Law. Our listeners receive a free month when they join. Go to Justworks.com/podcast. Supplemental Reading: Current US Citizenship and Immigration Service Page announcing the end of DACA: https://www.uscis.gov/archive/consideration-deferred-action-childhood-arrivals-daca Original United We Dream website announcing DACA https://unitedwedream.org/about/projects/deferred-action/ © Copyright 2017 Life of the Law. All rights reserved. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices
Unless Congress or the courts intervene, a postal rate surcharge in place since January 2014 will be rolled back on Sunday, April 10, giving us the first rate decline in nearly a century. Sounds like great news for direct marketers, right? And in many ways it is. But what about the Postal Service’s claim that... [Read More]
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