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Speculation regarding the existence of extraterrestrial life is increasing following the release of never-before-seen documents on UFOs (Unidentified Flying Objects).随着从未公开过的 UFO（不明飞行物）文件被发布，关于外星生命存在的猜测正在增加。The Pentagon has declassified and released 161 files containing reports of sightings.The Pentagon已经解密并公布了161份包含目击报告的文件。These include observations from astronauts during Moon missions, and from the military and civilians on Earth.这些文件包括宇航员在登月任务期间的观察记录，以及地球上军方和普通民众的目击报告。One notable description was from Apollo 11 astronaut Buzz Aldrin.其中一个值得注意的描述来自Apollo 11宇航员Buzz Aldrin。In 1969, he reported seeing a mysterious light.1969年，他报告称看见了一道神秘光源。He said: "I observed what appeared to be a fairly bright light source which we tentatively ascribed to a possible laser."他说：“我观察到一个看起来相当明亮的光源，我们暂时认为它可能是某种激光。”In 1965, Frank Boman reported seeing "trillions of little particles" from the Gemini 7 spacecraft.1965年，Frank Borman在“双子星7号”飞船上报告称看见了“数以万亿计的小颗粒”。The documents were released at the request of President Donald Trump.这些文件是在Donald Trump总统的要求下公布的。In a post on social media, President Trump wrote: "In an effort for complete and maximum transparency, it was my honour to direct my administration to identify and provide government files related to alien and extraterrestrial life and Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAPs)."特朗普总统在社交媒体发文称：“为了实现完全和最大程度的透明化，我很荣幸指示我的政府识别并提供与外星生命、不明空中现象（UAP）相关的政府文件。”Many organizations welcomed the release of the documents.许多组织对这些文件的发布表示欢迎。The Sol Foundation, a research group focused on UAPs, called for a comprehensive review of classified UAP records.专注于研究 UAP 的组织The Sol Foundation呼吁对机密 UAP 记录进行全面审查。It said people should know "the full truth about longstanding government knowledge and programs concerning technologies and vehicles not of human origin".该组织表示，人们应该知道“有关非人类来源技术和飞行器的长期政府认知与项目的全部真相”。

There are signs that a huge part of East Africa is starting to break away from the African continent.有迹象表明，东非的一大片地区正开始从非洲大陆分离出去。Geologists (people who study the Earth and its land and rocks) studied a deep crack that runs along a large part of Zambia.地质学家（研究地球、陆地和岩石的人）研究了一条贯穿赞比亚大部分地区的深裂缝。The crack is called a rift.这条裂缝被称为“裂谷”。It is a major fault in the rock that covers Earth's surface.它是覆盖地球表面的岩层中的一条主要断层。Geologist Mike Daly of the University of Oxford is studying Zambia's Kafue Rift.来自University of Oxford的地质学家Mike Daly正在研究赞比亚的卡富埃裂谷。He believes there is activity in the rift that suggests a giant piece of land is breaking away.他认为，裂谷中的活动表明一大片陆地正在分离。He wrote: "There is evidence that the fault boundary of the Kafue Rift is active and therefore the Southwest African Rift Zone is too."他写道：“有证据表明，卡富埃裂谷的断层边界是活跃的，因此西南非裂谷带也是活跃的。”He warned that this "may be an early indication of the break-up of sub-Saharan Africa".他警告说，这“可能是撒哈拉以南非洲分裂的早期迹象”。The land on Earth is constantly moving.地球上的陆地一直在不断移动。Three hundred million years ago, there was just one huge supercontinent.三亿年前，地球上只有一个巨大的超级大陆。It was called Pangea.它被称为“盘古大陆”。Over millions of years, Pangea broke up.经过数百万年，盘古大陆逐渐分裂。Giant areas of land slowly moved across the oceans to form the continents we know today.巨大的陆地区域缓慢穿越海洋，形成了我们今天所知道的各大洲。This movement is called continental drift.这种运动被称为“大陆漂移”。Rifts are one reason why land masses split apart.裂谷是大陆板块分裂的原因之一。The Kafue Rift in Zambia is part of a 2,500-kilometre-long rift zone stretching from Tanzania to Namibia.赞比亚的卡富埃裂谷是一个长达2500公里裂谷带的一部分，该裂谷带从坦桑尼亚延伸至纳米比亚。The rift is moving at a rate of about 4.7 mm per year.该裂谷正以每年约4.7毫米的速度移动。At this rate, it will take millions of years for Africa to split in two.按照这个速度，非洲大陆需要数百万年才会分裂成两部分。Scientists believe that in 200 million years from now, there could be just one supercontinent again.科学家认为，在两亿年之后，地球可能又会重新形成一个超级大陆。

The report highlights how people and nature can thrive together, with wildlife across more than 5,000,000 sq miles of protected land remaining on average stable, despite a 73% global decline in monitored population since 1970.该报告强调，人与自然可以和谐共生，因为在超过 500 万平方英里的受保护土地上，野生动物的种群数量总体保持稳定，尽管自 1970 年以来，全球受监测的野生动物种群数量平均下降了 73%。But the research says many of these areas are increasingly under pressure from rising temperatures, extreme weather and habitat loss.但研究指出，受气温升高、极端天气和栖息地丧失的影响，这些保护区面临的压力正日益增大。Unesco says a quarter of the sites could reach criticaltippingpoints by 2050, with the loss of glaciers, forests and coral reefs.联合国教科文组织表示，到 2050 年，四分之一的遗址可能达到关键临界点，届时冰川、森林和珊瑚礁将面临消失的风险。It says this progress shows what's possible with long-term protection and community support and is calling for greater investment and faster action to safeguard them.该组织还表示，目前的进展显示了长期保护和社区支持所带来的成效，并呼吁加大投资、加快行动，以保护这些宝贵的遗产。

What animal do we have the closest relationship with? Many people would say dogs or cats, but it's actually the tiny arachnids that live all over your face. Yes, your face. Don't worry it's probably fine. Demodex mites live in the hair follicles around the peach fuzz hair that grows on your face. They are just one of the parasites that make our bodies a habitat. Some are harmless, while there are some that can cause problems.我们与什么动物关系最密切？ 很多人会说是狗或猫，但实际上是生活在你脸上的微小蜘蛛。 是的，你的脸。 别担心，可能没问题。 蠕形螨生活在脸上生长的桃绒毛周围的毛囊中。 它们只是使我们的身体成为栖息地的寄生虫之一。 有些是无害的，而有些则可能会引起问题。Demodex mites are usually harmless. They live in our pores and feed on sebum, the oil produced by our skin. This means that you find the most in the greasiest areas of your face, particularly around your eyes, nose and mouth. According to associate professor of invertebrate biology Alejandra Perotti, we should be grateful because demodex clean our pores and keep them flat. She even describes them as 'cute'. However, you can have too many of them. It is possible to find your face covered with a white frost of demodex mites. This usually only affects people if their immune system is compromised. But some people may also have an allergic reaction to these creatures.蠕形螨通常是无害的。 它们生活在我们的毛孔中，以皮脂为食，皮脂是我们皮肤产生的油脂。 这意味着您会在脸部最油腻的区域发现最多的油脂，尤其是眼睛、鼻子和嘴巴周围。 无脊椎动物生物学副教授亚历杭德拉·佩罗蒂 (Alejandra Perotti) 表示，我们应该心存感激，因为蠕形螨可以清洁我们的毛孔并使其保持平整。 她甚至形容它们“可爱”。 但是，您可能拥有太多。 您可能会发现您的脸上覆盖着蠕形螨的白色霜。 这通常只会影响免疫系统受损的人。 但有些人也可能对这些生物产生过敏反应。Not all mites are as cute and useful as demodex. Scabies is a condition that is caused by mites that burrow into our skin and lay eggs. This is very itchy and usually spreads to most of a person's body. It can also be quite uncomfortable to think about and is often stigmatised. Now, this is a problem because it can delay people getting treatment. Some of this stigma can come because we often associate scabies with people being unclean. This, however, is a complete myth.并非所有螨虫都像蠕形螨一样可爱且有用。 疥疮是一种由钻入我们皮肤并产卵的螨虫引起的疾病。 这种情况非常痒，通常会扩散到身体的大部分部位。 想到它也会让人感到非常不舒服，并且常常受到侮辱。 现在，这是一个问题，因为它可能会延迟人们接受治疗。 这种耻辱可能会出现，因为我们经常将疥疮与不洁的人联系起来。 然而，这完全是一个神话。This stigma may also be linked to how we feel. Mites and other parasites often cause us to feel disgust. This is something that we may have evolved to help us avoid illnesses, but here it could be stopping people getting the help they need or causing us to worry about something that can even be beneficial.这种耻辱也可能与我们的感受有关。 螨虫和其他寄生虫常常让我们感到厌恶。 这是我们进化来帮助我们避免疾病的东西，但在这里它可能会阻止人们获得他们需要的帮助，或者导致我们担心一些甚至可能有益的事情。

Shajarina Monie lives in Juba. Six of her nine children have died of various illnesses.Shajarina Monie住在朱巴。她九个孩子中有六个死于各种疾病。The first one died at nine months; another one died at the age of ten months; another one died when he was crawling about three months.第一个孩子在九个月大的时候夭折，在十个月大的时候夭折；还有一个在大约三个月刚会爬的时候就夭折了。Millions of children in South Sudan do not get routine vaccinations.南苏丹数百万儿童没有接种常规疫苗。Now the country is battling an unprecedented measles outbreak with over 4,700 confirmed cases and 26 deaths since January 2019.自2019年1月以来，该国已确诊4700多例麻疹病例，26人死亡，目前该国正在抗击一场前所未有的麻疹疫情。In February, a nationwide measles vaccination campaign was launched here: the only Children's Hospital in the entire country.今年2月，在全国唯一的一家儿童医院开展了一场覆盖全国范围的麻疹疫苗接种活动。The campaign aims to reach two and a half million children by April.这项运动的目标是在4月前惠及250万儿童。One reason why childhood immunization coverage is so low, is because of the challenges in keeping vaccines at near freezing temperatures.儿童免疫覆盖率如此之低，是因为将疫苗保持在接近冰点温度十分困难。UNICEF provided the solar-powered fridge. The organization is helping to restore what is known in healthcare terms as the cold chain system, which was severely disrupted during the civil war that broke out in 2013.联合国儿童基金会（UNICEF）提供了太阳能冰箱。该组织正在帮助恢复医疗领域所谓的冷链系统，该系统在2013年爆发的内战期间遭到严重破坏。Even private partners like Continental Medical Supplies are getting involved, to make sure life-saving medicines stay fresh at every step in the cold chain.甚至像大陆医疗用品这样的私营合作伙伴也参与其中，确保救命药物在冷链的每一个环节都能保持新鲜。Another reason why immunization coverage is low is because people aren't informed.免疫覆盖率低的另一个原因是人们不知情。The efforts are paying off. So far the vaccination campaign has reached more than a million children including Shajarina's. 这些努力正在取得成效。到目前为止，疫苗接种运动已惠及100多万儿童，其中包括Shajarina的孩子。

Thirty-five-year-old Fatima, who for privacy did not want to use her family name, says their family lost all their livestock to drought.35岁的法蒂玛（出于隐私考虑，她不想透露自己的姓氏）表示，家里的牲畜全因旱灾而死。After moving with her husband and children closer to town to find work, Fatima's husband abandoned her and filed for divorce, but not before assaulting her.在和丈夫、孩子搬到城里找工作后，丈夫不仅殴打她，还抛弃了她并申请离婚。He did harm me physically three times. He hit me a few times and one time he told me that he would hang me and he threatened me with a rope.他家暴了我三次，打了我好几次，有一次说要绞死我，拿绳子威胁我。Fatima now lives in a camp for displaced people on the outskirts of Hargeisa, the capital of Somaliland.法蒂玛现在住在索马里首府哈尔格萨郊区的一个流离失所者营地。She supports her children through a small tea shop earning about $40 per month barely enough to feed themselves.她靠一家小茶馆勉强维持生计，每月收入约40美元，几乎不够养活自己和孩子们。Oxfam Gender Protection Coordinator in Somaliland Abdul Rashid Yousef says women displaced by climate change like Fatima are at high risk for sexual and gender-based violence as GBV.救济会索马里性别保护协调员阿卜杜勒·拉希德·尤塞夫说，像法蒂玛这样因气候变化而流离失所的妇女遭遇性暴力和基于性别暴力的风险很高。The risks include that women were independent in the workforce place when GBV comes.风险包括女性在工作场所独立一人时，遭遇性别暴力。The risks include they are more exposed on that GBV like great sexual exploitation zone.还包括他们更多暴露在性剥削高发地区。On that they are more explicit about that they had limited knowledge about to cope the situation.由于教育匮乏，她们不知道该如何应对这种情况。On the outskirts of the town of Oak, Ibado Mohammed Abdulle is working to prevent violence against displaced women. She oversees three displacement camps.在奥克镇郊外，伊巴多·穆罕默德·阿卜杜勒正致力于防止针对流离失所妇女的暴力行为，她负责监管三个流离失所者营地。To improve women's safety in the camp, Abdullah created women's associations, provides counseling for those assaulted and takes criminal cases to the authorities.为了提高妇女在营地的安全，阿卜杜勒创建了妇女协会，为那些被袭击的人提供咨询，并将刑事案件提交给当局If a girl who was raped would come to me, I would take her to the hospital.如果一个被强奸的女孩来找我，我会带她去医院。After she is treated, I would then immediately take her to the nearest police station to arrest the perpetrator of this crime.在她接受治疗后， 然后我会立即带她去最近的警察局逮捕肇事者。Women in the camps take precautions. They travel in groups to collect firewood and water and make sure one woman keeps watch while the others sleep.营地里的女性采取防范措施，她们结伴拾柴取水，并确保睡觉时有人放哨。But as climate change intensifies in the region, the number of displaced women at risk of violence will only get worse. 但随着该地区气候变化加剧，面临暴力风险的流离失所妇女人数只会变得更多。

With fireballs in his hands, the Cauldron Group's David Duckworth sets magical potions ablaze.Cauldron酒吧的大卫·达克沃斯手里拿着火球，点燃了魔法药水。So all the drinks that we have on offer at the Cauldron, the key thing to know about them is that they're all fully interactive.我们在Cauldron酒吧提供的所有饮品，它们都是可以发生反应的。So you are able to interact with the various ingredients, and using molecular mixology and science behind the drinks.你可以使各种成分相互作用，利用饮料背后的分子调酒技术和科学。You are able to make your drinks do something that you've probably never seen a drink do before.你可以让饮料做一些以前从未见过的事情。Gathered around crystal balls in Cauldron in a dark, magical room, sit witches and wizards learning new and delicious magic.在一个黑暗的魔法房间里，女巫和男巫们围坐在Cauldron酒吧的水晶球旁，学习新奇而美妙的魔法。So this is a potion making class. When people come in, they get a robe, they get a magic wand, that's one of our custom magic wand that actually works.这是一堂药剂制作课。人们进店的时候，会得到一件长袍，一根魔杖，这是我们定制的一根真正能够起作用的魔杖。And they learn to brew molecular potions, which are molecular cocktails, where we employ chemistry in the drink making process.他们学习调制分子药剂，也就是分子鸡尾酒，我们在调酒过程中运用化学原理。When customers arrive, they receive their magician's cloak and a magic wand they use to pour themselves a drink from a beheaded magical creature.当顾客到达店里时，他们会收到魔术师斗篷和一根魔杖，他们用这根魔杖从一只被斩首的魔法生物那里给自己倒一杯饮料。The magic wand powered by the sorcery known as the Internet of Things also operates taps, turns on lights and unlocks doors at the Cauldron.这根由被称为物联网的魔法驱动的魔杖，还在Cauldron酒吧操控水龙头、开灯和开门。So our mission is to bring fantasy and magic to life with science, technology and design,我们的使命是用科学、技术和设计将幻想和魔法变为现实，and to allow people to step into the imagined world, to their childhood in a really authentic way.让人们以一种真实的方式踏入想象中的世界，重温他们的童年。Cortland, once a high school reading teacher, says that career progressed into this one,科特兰曾是一名高中阅读教师，他表示这份职业逐渐发展成了现在的工作——where he teaches adults to interact with literature, and the STEM curriculum of science, technology, engineering and mathematics.教导成年人如何与文学作品互动，以及教授科学、技术、工程和数学课程。The experience, he says, takes some adults back in time.他说，这种体验让一些成年人回到了过去。We just googled fun things to do in London. It was one of the things that came up.我们刚刚在谷歌上搜索了伦敦有趣的活动，就出现了这家酒吧。Owners say fantasy fans of all ages appreciate a place that brings magic to life.酒吧业主们说，各个年龄段的奇幻爱好者都很喜欢这个能让魔法照进现实的地方。But junior witches and wizards beware, the Cauldron only shares the dark arts with those 18 years and older. 但是年轻的巫师们要当心， Cauldron酒吧只与18岁及以上的巫师分享黑魔法。

So, both along the fault, we like those sensors really close the fault because that gives us really those first motions that are coming out of the earthquake.这两个传感器都紧贴断层，我们很喜欢紧贴断层的传感器，因为这样能让我们真正捕捉到地震最初的震动情况。It tells us the earthquake has started. So, once that earthquake started, seismic waves start travelling away from where that earthquake starts.这样我们就知道地震发生了。一旦地震开始发生，地震波就会从地震起始处向外传播。'P waves' or primary waves are the first waves that arrive. They're faster and you feel sort of a jolt coming up beneath you.“P波”或“初至波”最先到达观测点，传播速度很快，你会感觉到脚下有种震动感。The 'S waves' would travel along behind those and start shaking you back and forth.“S波”会紧随其后，让你来回摇晃。So, we're in Pasadena and we're at one of the seismic stations. At the bottom of this vault, this is what it is.我们正在帕萨迪纳的一个地震监测站。在这个小仓库的地下，这就是传感器。So, and it moves relative to the earth and basically whatever happens in here, gets turned into an electrical signal and boom.这个传感器会随地面一同移动，基本上，无论地表发生什么运动，它都能将其转化为电信号。It takes some very, very precise observation about what's happening.要记录这些运动需要非常精密的监测。We were one of the early adopters of the ShakeAlert system. We implemented it in January of 2017.我们是早期采用ShakeAlert系统的机构之一。我们于2017年1月启用了该系统。And it gives us precious seconds to anticipate an earthquake that may be coming to Los Angeles area and that will enable us to put an alert out to our operators.它能让我们争取到宝贵的几秒钟时间来预判可能会袭击洛杉矶地区的地震，还能让我们向工作人员发出警报。Part of the protocol is to slow down the train as it is moving in advance of an earthquake.协议的一部分是让列车在地震发生前减速行驶。So, the slower you're moving, the more safely you can operate the vehicle and stopping the vehicle is the best course of action for a large scale event.开得越慢就越安全，在这种大型灾难面前，停车当然是最好的选择。For very large earthquakes, the ShakeAlert early warning system is going to use seismometers.对于影响范围很广的地震，ShakeAlert预警系统将开启地震仪，But with the really big earthquakes, we're going to need information from these stations但如果是真的非常剧烈的地震，我们就需要这些监测站的信息，because what's going to happen is that if there's a really big earthquake, these stations are going to move very quickly in a very short amount of time.因为如果真的发生大地震，这些监测站会在极短时间内快速移动。And that information is critical to understand the biggest of earthquakes. We're talking earthquakes that are magnitude 8 and above.这些信息对于最大程度了解地震是至关重要的。我们谈论的是8级及以上的地震。Big earthquakes in places like Iran and Indonesia and they could stand to have their own earthquake early warning systems.伊朗和印度尼西亚等地都发生过大地震，他们可以有自己的地震预警系统。And this has actually become a really interesting international community. We're all learning from each other.这实际上已经成为一个非常有趣的国际社区。我们都在互相学习。One thing we want to do and the big currency of ShakeAlert is time. Time is really important to us.我们想要进一步完善的，同时也是ShakeAlert的重要价值所在，就是争取时间。时间对我们来说真的很重要。Currently, the time that it takes to get messages out is taking way too long and we want to reduce what we call 'latencies' as much as possible.目前，信息传递所需的时间过长，我们希望尽可能减少所谓的“延迟”。So, we're working with a whole array of partners, the telecommunications industry.我们正在与整个电信行业的一系列合作伙伴合作。We're working with mass notification providers, to get those messages out as quickly as possible.我们正在与大规模通知服务提供商合作，以便尽快发布这些消息。

When I was 18 years old, I was in a motor vehicle accident and I sustained a T-12 burst fracture to my spinal cord. It left me paralyzed from the waist down.18岁时，我出了车祸，胸椎第12节爆裂性骨折，腰部以下瘫痪了。My friends and I were getting ready to go out to dinner and I had stepped out on to the balcony to make a phone call.我和朋友们正准备出去吃晚餐，我走到阳台上打电话。And I went to go sit on the railing and I just fell right back off of it and I landed on the ground three stories below.我坐在栏杆上，接着就直接从上面往后摔了下去，落在了下面三层楼的地面上。The next thing I remember, I was in the medical clinic. I had to re-learn everything that I had taken for granted so few weeks before.等我醒过来的时候已经在医院了。我不得不重新学习几周前我还习以为常的事情。I remember a big goal of mine was to put on my pants by myself.我还记得当时连自己穿裤子都是一个大挑战。I suffered multiple strokes. The process of being strapped in makes you feel more and more secure because there are many, they kind of pinpointed the areas where people would feel kind of sensitive.我多次中风。 这个绑紧的过程让我感到越来越安全，因为新设备上面有很多传感器可以感应到人体的敏感部位。The machine really supports you. This is like a big hug around my waist.这个设备真的可以把你支撑起来。就好像有人用力抱住了我的腰。My physical therapist told me that it was possible for me to get in this exoskeleton device and get up and start walking again and that was news to me.我的物理治疗师告诉我，我有可能穿上这个外骨骼装置，站起来重新开始行走，这真的是个大消息。Ekso Bionics was originally a research project at UC Berkeley.Ekso Bionics最初是加州大学伯克利分校的一个研究项目。They were studying how to make soldiers be able to carry more capacity further without injuring the soldiers.他们当时研究的是如何让士兵能够携带更多物资走得更远，同时不使士兵受伤。And that technology developed all kinds of different human wearable robotics that could allow people to do things they otherwise couldn't do.这项技术开发了各式各样的可穿戴机器人，让人们实现以前做不到的事情。The first time I stood up in Ekso, it was a little terrifying but so exciting. But once I got the hang of it, it was so great. I couldn't get the smile off of my face.第一次穿上Ekso站起来时，感觉有点可怕但又非常激动。当我掌握要领后，感觉实在太棒了。我笑个不停。It's crazy to think that in just a year and a half, I went from my normal life to the lowest point in my life back to basically where I was before if not better.想想真是疯狂，在短短一年半的时间里，我从正常生活跌至人生低谷，然后又基本回到了正常生活。

This new study from Pakistan suggests synchronising exercise to match people's natural sleep-wake cycles or internal body clock could offer the greatest health benefits.这项来自巴基斯坦的新研究表明，将锻炼时间和个人的睡眠觉醒周期或体内生物钟同步，能给健康带来最多益处。Volunteers who tried it had better sleep, lower blood pressure and healthier blood sugar levels overall. In the study, a group of 40 to 60-year-olds with at least one heart risk were categorised: 70 as morning larks and 64 as night owls. Over three months, some did almost daily exercises at times that matched their body clock, while others did the opposite.尝试了这种锻炼方式的志愿者普遍睡眠质量更好、血压更低且整体血糖水平更健康。研究中，一组年龄在 40 到 60 岁、具有至少一项心脏病风险因素的人被分为了两类： 70 个 “百灵鸟” 和 64 个 “夜猫子”。在三个月间，一部分人几乎每天都在符合生物钟的时间锻炼，而另一部分人则相反。The findings suggested that forcing a 5am workout on a night owl didn't give great results. Why? The researchers say because the body clock affects hormone and energy levels across the day, which in turn, could influence exercise performance and adherence.研究结果表明，强迫一个 “夜猫子” 在清晨五点锻炼并没有带来很好的效果。这是为什么呢？研究人员解释说，这是因为生物钟会影响人全天的激素和能量水平，进而影响运动表现和对锻炼计划的坚持。

The tradition of sending greeting cards has withstood the rise of digital communication. Though often inexpensive, cards can convey our thoughts and emotions. Their rich history spreads over centuries of civilisations across the world, building a culture of card giving along its way.发送贺卡的传统经受住了数字通信的兴起。 尽管卡片通常很便宜，但它可以传达我们的想法和情感。 他们丰富的历史在世界各地传播了几个世纪的文明，一路建立了一种卡片赠送文化。It was written in a 2011 edition of Souvenirs, Gifts, & Novelties that since the earliest days of written interaction, special occasions such as birthdays and seasonal celebrations have been recognised through handwritten notes and letters. Ancient Egyptians wrote scrolls. In China, wishes of good fortune were sent in decorative red envelopes around Chinese New Year. And similarly, cards featuring classical Persian poetic verse written in calligraphy were exchanged. These gestures paved the way for the culture of greeting cards.2011 年版《纪念品、礼物和新奇事物》中写道，自书面互动最早以来，生日和季节性庆祝活动等特殊场合就通过手写便条和信件来识别。 古埃及人写了卷轴。 在中国，农历新年期间，人们会用装饰性的红包来寄出好运的祝福。 同样，还交换了以书法书写的古典波斯诗句卡片。 这些手势为贺卡文化铺平了道路。Before the printing revolution of the 15th century, only those with lots of money would write cards. Since then, they have become more accessible, meaning more people could communicate from a distance. As industrialisation continued to sweep through the 19th century, sending cards became a widespread practice.在 15 世纪印刷革命之前，只有那些有钱的人才会写卡片。 从那时起，它们变得更加容易访问，这意味着更多的人可以进行远距离交流。 随着工业化继续席卷整个 19 世纪，寄贺卡成为一种普遍的做法。During the Victorian period, greeting cards became quite elaborate in design. They were adorned with lace, ribbon, and intricate illustrations. The cards themselves became keepsakes, treasured for their beauty and sentiment. Nowadays, we see a variety of designs. Most cards still leave a blank space inside for a handwritten message. Some cards can even be designed online to include pictures of loved ones, adding a more personal touch.在维多利亚时期，贺卡的设计变得相当精致。 它们装饰着花边、丝带和复杂的插图。 这些卡片本身就成了纪念品，因其美丽和情感而被珍惜。 如今，我们看到了各种各样的设计。 大多数卡片内部仍留有空白以供手写信息。 有些卡片甚至可以在线设计，包含亲人的照片，增添更多的个人风格。According to Ken Research, from 2024 the global greeting card market was valued at around $19 billion. With that, and increasing concerns about the environment, many manufacturers are changing how they make their cards. They're using recycled and other environmentally friendly materials, like bio-degradable glitter and paper made from sustainable plant fibres like bamboo. So, we can continue our kind tradition of card giving without harming the planet.根据 Ken Research 的数据，从 2024 年起，全球贺卡市场价值约为 190 亿美元。 随着这一点，以及对环境的日益关注，许多制造商正在改变他们的卡片制造方式。 他们使用回收材料和其他环保材料，例如可生物降解的闪光材料和由竹子等可持续植物纤维制成的纸张。 因此，我们可以在不伤害地球的情况下继续我们赠送卡片的善良传统。

All women who come here, who don't have legal papers and don't know anyone,所有来这里的女性可能没有合法的身份证件，也可能不认识任何人，regardless if they have a high school diploma or even a Ph.D, they start braiding hair until they can do something else.不管她们是高中生还是博士，在学会做别的事情之前都会来这里编辫子。I was a shopkeeper in Burkina Faso. I used to buy goods there and sell them to my African sisters here.我是布基纳法索的一名店主。过去，我常在这里买东西，然后卖给这里的非洲姐妹们。When I would come in their hair salons, it was always busy with clients waiting.每次我来她们的发廊，总是生意红火，还要排队。First, I didn't know how to weave. So, they taught me how to finish the ends.起初，我不知道怎么编发。他们教我如何完成编发的收尾工作。At the end of the day, they sometimes gave me 100 dollars to 200 U.S. dollars.一天下来，我会得到100美元到200美元的报酬。I thought, 'There's money to be made here.' You look beautiful!我想，这里是可以赚钱的。你看起来很美！It's not easy for us. The government is asking us for licenses. Many women hide because they do not have the license.做生意对我们来说不容易。政府要求我们出具营业执照。许多女性因为没有执照躲起来。It started three years ago, where the African-American salon owners decided to go to the Maryland House of Delegates and have them (not) pass a law that would make the braider go to school for 1500 hours.三年前，非裔美籍沙龙老板决定前往马里兰州众议院，阻止一项法案的通过——该法案要求编发师必须接受1500小时的培训才能执业。Of course, it didn't make any sense to anybody. We decided to, we walked around and mobilized with phone calls everywhere to everybody to show we could get.当然这个法律没有任何意义。我们决定去游说，还到处打电话动员所有人，告诉他们我们的技能。We presented our case to the delegate. At the end, they were like, 'Oh, we don't know what is that. What is braiding? We don't know what it is.' Because I mean, they really didn't have no idea.我们向代表陈述了我们的情况。最后，他们说，‘哦，我们不知道那是什么。什么是编发？我们完全不了解。'我想他们是真的不知道。We decided not to do the bill because it would have foreclosed a lot of economic opportunity for immigrants.我们决定不通过这项法案，因为它会剥夺许多移民的经济机会。We were trying to regulate something that we really didn't understand.我们试图控制一些自己并不了解的东西。The cultural, the techniques, the safety procedures that are put in, that really make this type of regulation unnecessary based on the conversations that I had at that town hall, which was tremendously enlightening and invigorating, frankly.根据我在市政厅的谈话，文化、技术以及安全程序的投入确实使这类规定毫无必要，坦率地说，这极具启发性且鼓舞人心。The only place, where we are able to actually come together as African-American Africans, is the braiding shop.编发店是非裔美国人唯一能真正走到一起的地方。And the only place where, as Africans, we can actually have the opportunity to educate African-Americans about our culture, about who we are.我们作为非洲人，在编发店可以让新来的非裔美国人介绍自己的文化，让他们了解我们是谁。So, by actually doing the braiding, I feel like the braiding shop is a place where people, who come newly from Africa, is a place where they can come and get used to the American culture. 我认为，对于刚从非洲到美国的人来说，他们可以来编发店适应美国文化。

Years ago Jamila Larson saw hundreds of children were living in homeless shelters in Washington D.C. So she decided to seek it for herself.几年前，贾米拉·拉森(JamilaLarson)看到数百名儿童住在华盛顿特区的收容所受罪，于是她决定亲自去一探究竟。I really wasn't prepared for what I saw. I saw half-dressed children in the hallway with no toys, rows of metal bunk beds, sheets for doors, no screens on the windows.我真的没做好心理准备去面对我所看到的一切。走廊里站着衣衫不整的孩子，没有玩具，只有成排的金属双层床，门帘是床单做的，窗户上连纱窗都没有。And I asked the women giving me a tour doesn't anyone ever donate toys, thinking that my co-workers and I could do a toy drive for the holidays.我问带我参观的女士是否有人捐赠过玩具，想着我和同事们可以在假期发起一次玩具募捐活动。So I was told yes sometimes people donate toys but we keep them in a closet. So the kids won't make a mess.我听说，有时人们会捐赠玩具，但收容所会把它们放在壁橱里，这样孩子们就不会弄得一团糟。So that's when I learned that it wasn't actually going to be helpful for us to donate toys, that we literally needed to donate ourselves.就在那时我才明白，捐赠玩具对孩子们不能起到任何帮助，我们真的需要捐出的是自己的爱心。In 2003, Larson decided to help to start a non-profit organization called Playtime Project.2003年，拉森决定帮助创办一个名为Playtime Project的非营利组织.Each partner with homeless shelters provide fun activities and playrooms for children.每家与无家可归者收容所合作的机构都为儿童提供趣味活动和游戏室。It's supported by private donations and the help of 200 volunteers a week.项目依靠私人捐赠以及每周200名志愿者的帮助来维持。Ultimately we are trying to really stop the cycle of homelessness, give these kids who are experiencing a variety of different stresses in their lives.最终，我们真正想要做的是终止无家可归的恶性循环，为那些生活中承受着各种不同压力的孩子们提供帮助。For some of them homelessness is not the only issue that they are dealing with.对他们中的一些人来说，无家可归并非他们面临的唯一问题。Some of them are dealing with domestic violence, a variety of different things.他们中的一些人正在应对家庭暴力等各种不同的问题。And so having an opportunity for them to have a space that they can kind of call their own, where they know it's safe,给他们一个可以称得上是自己的空间，在那里他们知道是安全的，they know the people there care about them, they are able to put their you know stresses aside and just simply be children and play.知道那里的人关心他们，能够放下压力，单纯地做孩子、尽情玩耍。Playtime Project offers about 700 homeless children games that help them learn and develop and trips to museums, amusement parks and baseball games.Playtime Project为大约700名无家可归的儿童提供了有助于学习和成长的游戏，并组织他们参观博物馆、游乐园以及观看棒球比赛。Participants say the nonprofit fulfills needs greater than many people know.参与者表示，这家非营利组织满足的需求比很多人所知道的还要多。There are a lot of homeless kids in Washington D.C. A lot of people don't even know half the stuff they go through.华盛顿特区有很多无家可归的孩子。很多人甚至不知道他们经历了什么。These kids are very fortunate here. When I leave them there, I'm confident that one of these volunteers are gonna to talk to them about being whatever they want to be.这些孩子在这里很幸运。当我离开他们时，我确信会有志愿者和他们谈论成为他们想成为的任何人的话题。I got my mind through it and it's like don't worry about it. I ain't never seen men like these before. We play football, flat football, basketball; we do math, science. 我想明白了，在这里我好像不用担心。我以前从没见过像他们这样的人。我们踢足球，打橄榄球，打篮球，学习数学和科学。

I have always like being outdoors ever since I was a little kid.我从小就喜欢户外活动。It's always been like foraging, you know, just kind of goes along with that, and just like learning about what the plants are and what you can eat.这就像觅食一样，自然而然了解到这些植物是什么，以及哪些可以食用。Reading this Native American ethnobotany book, I was just looking up what tribes lived in this region, and what plants they used for what.读这本美洲原住民族民族植物学书籍时，我刚刚查阅了哪些部落曾居住在这一地区，以及他们使用哪些植物来做什么。So I was looking for plants in Texas, and found out that Native Americans around here used yaupon, which is a their only access to caffeine.我在德克萨斯州寻找植物，发现这里附近的美洲原住民使用代茶冬青， 这是他们获得咖啡因的唯一途径。It's the only caffeinated plant native to North America. Yaupon is, it's a native shrub that grows all along the Gulf Coast here in Central Texas.这是北美本土唯一含有咖啡因的植物。代茶冬青是一种原生灌木，生长在德克萨斯州中部墨西哥湾沿岸一带。We're about as northwest as it grows, but then all along the Gulf Coast and then up the Atlantic coast to Virginia.它们大约生长在西北方向，然后沿着墨西哥湾海岸一路延伸，再沿着大西洋海岸一直到弗吉尼亚州。It's an evergreen, has a little red berries in the wintertime, and as I said, it's the only caffeinated plant native to the US.它是一种常绿植物，冬天会结出小小的红色浆果，而且正如我所说，它是美国本土唯一含有咖啡因的植物。It's very, very hardy. It's a relative of South American yerba mate, which is a really popular caffeinated beverage from South America.它非常非常耐寒。它与南美马黛茶属于同族植物，马黛茶是一种在南美洲非常受欢迎的含咖啡因饮品。Native Americans used to roast it into a really dark tea, and it has kind of a roasty smoky flavor to it. You can treat it all different ways to get all kinds of flavors.美洲原住民过去常常把它烘焙成一种真正的黑茶，带有一种烘焙的烟熏味道。你可以用不同的方式来处理它，以获得各种口味。So all the all the caffeinated teas in the world, like, you know, green tea, white tea, black tea, oolong, pu'erh, like all those teas, they all come from the same plant.世界上所有含咖啡因的茶，比如绿茶、白茶、红茶、乌龙、普洱，都来自同一种植物。They're like it's the same species of plant, and all those flavors all come from how it's grown, where it's grown and how its processed afterwards.这是同一种植物，所有那些风味都源自其种植方式、种植地点、以及后续的加工方式。So I found out you can pretty much do the same kind of thing with the yaupon too.我发现代茶冬青也可以做类似的事情。

Welcome to Story Time From Space to all of you, in school, at home or at your local library or whatever you may be.欢迎来到太空故事时间，无论你是在校、在家，还是在当地图书馆，或者在其他任何地方。Astronaut Christina Koch is reading a book about space exploration and a future mission to Mars, a book carried aboard a SpaceX rocket to the International Space Station.宇航员克里斯蒂娜·科赫正在读一本关于太空探索和未来火星任务的书，这本书由SpaceX火箭运载至国际空间站。It's a musical storybook delighting children on the ground. Hey-ho, to Mars we'll go--the rocket's on the pad.这是一本能让孩子们开心的音乐故事书。嘿哟，我们要去火星啦——火箭已在发射台上。The astronauts presentation thrilled the book's author. Christina did a fabulous job. She played with it. She sang the verses that needed to be sung.宇航员的展示让这本书的作者激动不已。克里斯蒂娜表现得非常出色，她尽情投入其中，还唱出了需要歌唱的诗句。More than two dozen books have been used for the project presented in several languages including Arabic.该项目使用了二十多本书籍，并以包括阿拉伯语在内的多种语言呈现。By astronaut Hazza AI Mansouri from the United Arab Emirates. He read the story of Khalifa and Amal traveling through space.来自阿联酋的宇航员哈扎·阿尔·曼苏里读了哈利法和阿马尔穿越太空的故事。Many astronauts are used to reading to their own children at home.许多宇航员习惯在家里给孩子读书。It's in a different location and it's a little harder because they're floating and it's a little harder to stay in the camera view and all that sort of stuff but no generally they have a really good time doing it.在太空读书是有点难的。宇航员一直处于漂浮状态，要让它们留在相机视野里有点难，诸如此类的情况，但总的来说他们玩得非常开心。A companion series called Science Time From Space shows astronauts doing science experiments.另一个项目“太空科学时间”展示了宇航员进行科学实验的过程。Here they're demonstrating how forces work in a weightless environment.他们在这里演示力在失重环境中的作用。Author Lendroth says her book like others in the program excites the curiosity of its young audience.作者伦德罗思说，她的书和该项目中的其他书籍一样，激发了年轻读者的好奇心。The idea of people pushing boundaries, of being curious about what is beyond their immediate perception. In this case on a musical journey to Mars.人们勇于突破界限，对超出自身直接感知的事物充满好奇。比如“火星音乐之旅”这项活动。The Earth's the blue dot. The Earth's the blue dot. Hey-ho, to Mars we'll go--the Earth's a blue dot. Showing young people the thrill of exploration. 地球是蓝点。地球是蓝点。嘿，你好，火星，我们的地球是个蓝点。向年轻人展示探索的激情。

Science is everything. Science is how society accomplishes being a society.科学就是一切。科学是社会得以成为社会的方式。Science is how everything gets done. It's how we move forward. It's how all our products get built and made better.科学是一切得以实现的方式。科学是我们前进的动力。科学是我们制造所有产品并使其不断完善的途径。We wouldn't be anywhere if we didn't have scientists constantly asking: How does this work? Can I make that? Can I make this better? Science is everything.如果没有科学家不断追问：这是如何运作的？我能制造那个吗？还能怎样改进？我们将一事无成。科学就是一切。Even in high school, I knew I wanted to be an astronaut, but I had no idea what it took to be an astronaut. There's no one path to get to where I am today.早在高中，我就知道自己想成为一名宇航员，但我并不清楚成为宇航员需要付出什么。其实成为宇航员没有一条固定的道路，Some people are scientists, some people are engineers, some people are medical doctors, some people come from the military,有些宇航员还是科学家、工程师或者医生，有些甚至是军人，because what we need as astronauts are people that can do a lot of different things.因为我们需要的宇航员是能够胜任多种工作的人。We need lots of diverse people and we need diversity within a single person.我很需要各种各样的人，也需要每个人具备多样性。I was actually born and raised in Houston and so, having the Johnson Space Center in my backyard always stoked that interest for me,我在休斯顿出生长大，约翰逊航天中心就在我家后院，总是激发着我的兴趣，because I was always aware of what we were doing and what was going on and I spent about six months in space in 2010.因为我一直清楚我们在做什么，也清楚发生了什么，我在2010年在太空待了大约六个月。My ride to and from the Space Station was on the Soyuz spacecraft and I was actually trained as the co-pilot on there.我乘坐联盟号运载火箭往返空间站，实际上我在空间站接受了副驾驶的培训。So, I spent a lot of time in Russia, training and understanding, learning how to fly that spacecraft.我在俄罗斯花了很多时间进行训练和学习，了解并掌握如何驾驶那艘宇宙飞船。We will wake up in the morning. Overnight, the control centers have uplinked a schedule to us and what they want us to do that day is what we do that day.我们会在早上醒来。夜间，控制中心已经向我们上传了一份日程表，他们希望我们当天做什么，我们就做什么。And it could be maintenance. It could be science. It could be rearranging the space station. It could be dealing with stowages.可能是维修、科学研究、重新布置空间站或是处理积载问题。It's just whatever the ground needs to accomplish. And so, you do a little bit of everything in space.地面中心的一切需求都是我们的任务。在空间站要做各种各样的事情。And I remember very distinctly, for about the first month that I was in orbit, I would wake up almost every night feeling like I needed to turn over.我清楚地记得，大约在进入轨道的第一个月里，我几乎每晚醒来时都感觉需要翻身。But that doesn't do any good in space and so, you just sort of shuffle around a bit and go back to sleep.但这在太空中没什么用，你只能稍微挪动一下，然后接着睡觉。Living in space is easy. Coming back, it's pretty hard. You have lots of aches and pains because you haven't walked around for a long time.在太空里生活很容易，不过回地球之后就不那么容易了。你会浑身酸痛，因为你很长时间都没有走动过了。I mean you float in space and so, we do a lot of exercises that keep us healthy, but you haven't sat down for a long time.在太空里我们一直是漂浮的，所以需要做很多锻炼来保持健康，但是很长一段时间都没有坐下来过了。So, it gets uncomfortable to sit down for long periods of time because your body is not used to it. We're still in such early stages of the human spaceflight era.长时间坐着会变得不舒服，因为你的身体还不习惯。我们仍处于人类太空飞行时代的早期阶段。We're starting off relatively slowly, but I think as time passes, we will just get more and more people and countries into space and I think, ultimately, we will be truly a spacefaring world.我们起步相对较慢，但我认为随着时间的推移，将会有越来越多的人和国家的进入太空，我认为，最终我们将成为一个遨游太空的世界。We will be going to other planets and establishing bases and other places to live. I think that is where we're going to end up. 我们将前往其他行星，建立基地和其他居住地。我认为这就是我们最终的归宿。

This may look like an ordinary plastic straw and it may even be like one too, but it is not made of plastic.这看起来可能像一根普通的塑料吸管，但它并非由塑料制成。Cameron Ross started the Celise BioProducts company to produce single-use plastic alternatives from plant materials like these.卡梅隆·罗斯创立了Celise BioProducts公司，利用这些植物材料生产一次性塑料替代品。They are made of polylactic acid known as PLA from corn starches.它们是由玉米淀粉中提取出的聚乳酸(PLA)制成的。We work with food service providers, predominantly larger brands, to help them get quality sustainable and cost-effective solutions, made from plants to start getting rid of single-use plastics.我们与食品服务供应商（主要是大型品牌）合作，帮助他们获得优质、可持续且具有成本效益的解决方案，这些成品由植物制成，以开始淘汰一次性塑料。Single-use plastics such as bottles or straws are major cause of pollution.瓶子或吸管等一次性塑料是造成污染的主要原因。When we throw these away, they end up in a landfill or in the water like rivers.当我们扔掉这些东西时，它们最终会进入垃圾填埋场或像河流这样的水域。According to researchers, it could take up to more than 500 years for them to properly decompose.据研究人员称，它们可能需要超过500年才能完全分解。Ross says he wasn't always so environmentally conscious himself.罗斯说，他以前并没有很强的环保意识。But ever since the hiking trip in West Virginia, when he spent more time picking up trash than enjoying nature, his priorities changed.但自从在西弗吉尼亚州的那次徒步旅行后，他就改变了想法，当时他花在捡垃圾上的时间比享受大自然还多。That meant making biodegradable products that can break down in only a few years.这意味着要制造可在短短几年内降解的生物可降解产品。While many cafes and restaurants are choosing paper products to be more eco-conscious, it isn't cheap.虽然许多咖啡馆和餐馆选择纸质产品是为了更加环保，但其成本并不便宜。Paper straws can cost about eight times more than plastic straws.纸质吸管的价格大约是塑料吸管的八倍。But bioplastic straws cost less than a penny a straw, not even double the price of plastic ones.但生物塑料吸管每根的成本不到一美分，甚至还不到塑料吸管价格的两倍。Another problem with paper straws is that they get soggy.纸质吸管的另一个问题是它们会变软。You don't want to be sipping something that alters your drink or starts to melt while you're drinking.你不会想在喝东西的时候，喝到那种会改变饮品味道或者开始融化的东西。And then you have to get another paper straw, which creates more wastes than needed.然后你必须再拿一根纸吸管，这样产生的废品反而更多。Ross hopes his Washington DC-based company will provide an eco-friendly solution for food service providers.罗斯希望他这家总部位于华盛顿特区的公司能为食品服务供应商提供一个环保解决方案。

Across the gallery, mannequin after mannequin is dressed in some of the most memorable outfits of the Queen's life.展厅内，一个个的立式模特身着女王生前最令人难忘的经典华服。Her wedding dress has been painstakingly restored, and there are shows of diplomatic dressing.她的婚纱经过悉心修复，正与她一系列外交场合礼服一同展出。The 1950s ball gown from her first state visit to America, and a glittering gown for a visit to India, adorned with lotus flower motifs.其中包括她首次出访美国时穿过的 20 世纪 50 年代舞会礼服，以及访问印度时穿着的一条饰有莲花图案的闪亮长裙。Also on display, her peach-coloured dress from the opening ceremony of the 2012 London Olympics. Alongside it is a replica created for the stuntman, who was her body double to parachute into the stadium. Each item tells a story.一同展出的还有她在 2012 年伦敦奥运会开幕式上穿的那件桃红色衣裙。这条裙子旁边陈列着一件专为特技替身演员制作的复制品，当年那位替身演员正是身着它空降到了体育场内。每件展品背后都诉说着一段故事。Many mark significant events in British history. Others show the more private, dressed down moments of a monarch who was an early fashion influencer.其中许多服饰都见证了英国历史中的重大时刻。而另一些则展示了这位君主作为早期 潮流引领者更私密、穿着低调的时刻。

Overpriced shop-bought sandwiches, underwhelming food from your work canteen or pricey local restaurants. If those are the alternatives, then it's unsurprising that many of us think leftovers make the perfect lunch. Leftovers are a good way to cut down on food waste. If you've cooked them yourself, then you can be sure what all the ingredients are and where they've come from. But how safe are leftovers? Could there be a danger lurking in your lunchbox?商店购买的三明治价格过高，工作食堂或当地昂贵餐馆的食物平淡无奇。 如果这些都是替代方案，那么我们中的许多人认为剩菜是完美的午餐就不足为奇了。 剩菜剩饭是减少食物浪费的好方法。 如果您自己煮过它们，那么您可以确定所有成分是什么以及它们来自哪里。 但剩菜有多安全呢？ 你的午餐盒里是否潜藏着危险？It's not just you that loves your leftovers. The BBC's Trust Me, I'm a Doctor programme tells us that they are also great for bacteria like listeria, salmonella and campylobacter. They can nourish themselves on the food we love and multiply incredibly quickly. One campylobacter bacterium can multiply to 70,000 million bacteria in just 12 hours. Food poisoning caused by these bacteria usually makes people mildly unwell but can also cause more serious life-threatening illnesses. What do we need to think about to keep our leftovers safe?不只是你喜欢吃剩菜。 BBC 的“相信我，我是医生”节目告诉我们，它们对于李斯特菌、沙门氏菌和弯曲杆菌等细菌也很有用。 它们可以靠我们喜爱的食物来滋养自己，并以惊人的速度繁殖。 一个弯曲杆菌可以在短短 12 小时内繁殖到 700 亿个细菌。 这些细菌引起的食物中毒通常会使人出现轻微不适，但也可能导致更严重的危及生命的疾病。 为了保证剩菜的安全，我们需要考虑什么？Temperature control is important to stop bacteria growing on your food. Food safety experts warn of a danger zone between 8C and 63C. At these temperatures bacteria can grow easily on your leftover food. Refrigerating your leftovers slows bacteria growth, and this is why experts recommend putting your leftover food in the fridge within two hours. You should also cover any food in the refrigerator because air can contain contaminants, and also, many pathogens need oxygen to grow. However, do remember that fridges only slow bacteria growth, not stop it, so most leftovers should only be left in the fridge for two days.温度控制对于阻止细菌在食物上生长非常重要。 食品安全专家警告说，8 摄氏度至 63 摄氏度之间存在危险区域。 在这样的温度下，细菌很容易在剩下的食物上生长。 冷藏剩菜可以减缓细菌的生长，这就是为什么专家建议在两小时内将剩菜放入冰箱的原因。 您还应该盖住冰箱中的所有食物，因为空气中可能含有污染物，而且许多病原体需要氧气才能生长。 但是，请记住，冰箱只能减缓细菌的生长，而不能阻止细菌的生长，因此大多数剩菜只能在冰箱中保存两天。Temperature is also important if you are reheating leftovers. Instructions often recommend heating food until it's piping hot or steaming hot throughout. Clinical microbiology lecturer Primrose Freestone recommends that ovens are set to at least 163C and that food's internal temperature should reach at least 74C. Other experts tell us that food heated in the microwave should be stirred halfway through the process so that it's cooked all the way through.如果您要重新加热剩菜，温度也很重要。 说明书通常建议加热食物，直到整个食物变得滚烫或热气腾腾。 临床微生物学讲师Primrose Freestone建议烤箱温度至少设置为163摄氏度，食物内部温度至少应达到74摄氏度。 其他专家告诉我们，用微波炉加热的食物应该在过程中途搅拌，以便完全煮熟。Leftovers can be an economical way to cut down on food waste. However, it's important that we store and reheat food carefully to make sure that it stays safe to eat.剩菜是减少食物浪费的一种经济方法。 然而，重要的是我们要小心储存和重新加热食物，以确保其食用安全。

If you've been on one of these calls, you've probably experienced people talking over each other. And then, there's this.如果你参加过这样的电话会议，大概经历过大家互相抢话的情况。然后，就会出现这样的状况。If someone's dog comes into it or someone stops paying attention, then you might miss what someone is saying.如果有人的狗闯进来了，或者有人走神了，那么你可能会错过别人正在说的话。Ryan Ottens' online business class in virtual reality or VR eliminates the distractions of a video conference call.瑞安·奥滕斯（Ryan Ottens）的虚拟现实在线商务课程消除了视频会议中的干扰因素。I can't see my phone. I can't see an email pop-up. So I'm fully focused on a great learning environment.我看不见我的手机，看不到弹出的电子邮件。我全心投入于营造一个绝佳的学习环境。Pagoni VR through its project Chimera created the VR experience with Ottens' class at Temple University.帕戈尼虚拟现实公司通过其“奇美拉”项目，与奥滕斯所在的天普大学班级共同打造了虚拟现实体验。The students appear as avatars in the virtual classroom and the teacher shows up as either an avatar or real video that's live or recorded.学生们以虚拟形象出现在虚拟教室中，而老师则通过实时的虚拟形象或录制的真实视频现身。This still gets the feeling of being a community. Our sound is positional. So if that person spoke and they were to my left, I knew to look to the left and I would see them.这依然能感受到社区的归属感，我们的声音具有定位性。如果说话人在我左边， 我就知道要看向左边，然后就能看到他们。Improvements in VR hardware allow headsets and handheld controllers to track head and hand movements through cameras and sensors.虚拟现实硬件的改进使得耳机和手持控制器能够通过摄像头和传感器追踪头部和手部的动作。When participants move their hands in the real world, your avatar's hands also move.当参与者在现实世界中移动手时，虚拟形象的手也会跟着移动。The technology has allowed a growing number of companies such as Pagoni VR to create a virtual reality meeting space for users.这项技术让越来越多的公司，比如帕戈尼虚拟现实公司，能够为用户打造虚拟现实会议空间。With increased demand, the biggest challenge is getting VR headsets during the pandemic shutdowns.随着需求增加，最大的挑战是在疫情封锁期间获取虚拟现实耳机。Harder availability, a lot of it is where the hardware, is manufacturers, so a point being made that a lot of this is coming from China.获取难度更大，很多问题出在硬件制造商方面，所以有人指出很多硬件都来自中国。As factories start making headsets again, anyone thinking of trying a VR meeting probably shouldn't be immersed for more than an hour at a time in a heavy headset, warns Ottens.当工厂又开始生产耳机时， 任何想尝试虚拟现实会议的人，每次佩戴沉重的耳机可能不应超过一小时。Usually the dizziness and headaches would start towards the last five to ten minutes, I could tell, it was right around the time, it was almost like my body's like I'm done.通常头晕和头痛会在最后五到十分钟开始，我能感觉到，差不多就是那个时候，几乎像是我的身体在说我不行了。Other applications for a VR meeting include worship services and entertainment.虚拟现实会议的其他应用还包括宗教仪式和娱乐活动。

Hello everyone, we're excited to see you. The participants do a meet and greet.大家好，我们很高兴见到你们。参与者见面并打招呼。Kasmo is a three and a half-year-old golden retriever.卡斯莫是一只三岁半的金毛猎犬。Before going into virtual breakout rooms, there, the children read to pal dogs and their owners for 30 minutes, Spending 15 minutes with two different pups.在进入虚拟分组讨论室之前，孩子们给狗狗及其主人朗读了30分钟的内容，分别与两只不同的小狗互动了15分钟。So far, 250 kids have signed up for the sessions which keep growing to keep up with the demand.到目前为止，已有250个孩子报名参加这些课程，而课程数量还在不断增加以满足需求。I think the program has been popular because it's something that is new and it's exciting it's fun.我认为这个节目很受欢迎，因为它很新鲜，令人兴奋，很有趣。And that's also true for six-year-old Lucy who hopes Hami enjoyed today's story.对于六岁的露西来说也是如此，她希望哈密喜欢今天的故事。I think he understand it because my book is about animal.我想他能理解。因为我的书是关于动物的。Haworth says the program helps kids enhance their reading skills and gain self-confidence.海沃思说，这个项目帮助孩子们提高阅读技能，并获得自信。It's awesome to just have an audience that isn't judging. It doesn't care if you mispronounced a word.有一个不评判的观众真是太棒了，他们不在乎你是否读错了单词。As words got around about pals in reading program, children from elsewhere in the United States and from Canada began signing up for the sessions.当人们开始了解这个阅读项目后，来自美国其他地方和加拿大的儿童也开始报名参加这些课程。This includes eight-year-old Lincoln from Richmond Virginia who is reading The Cat in The Hat to Krusty and the pal volunteer Kerry Scheffers. I love it.这包括来自弗吉尼亚州里士满的8岁男孩林肯，他正在给克鲁斯蒂和志愿者伙伴凯瑞·谢弗斯读《戴帽子的猫》。我超爱这个故事。"I know some good games we could play," Said the cat. "I know some new tricks," Said the Cat in the Hat. I like the rhymes. The dogs really mostly pictures and not words.“我知道一些我们可以玩的好游戏，”猫说道。“我知道一些新把戏，”戴帽子的猫说。 我喜欢这些押韵的句子。那些狗其实主要是图片，没什么文字。Lincoln's mother says her son perks up when he reads to the dogs.林肯的母亲说她的儿子在给狗读书时会振作起来I noticed especially after the first time how happy and confident he seemed to feel.我注意到，尤其是在第一次阅读之后，他看上去是多么的快乐和自信。Even after the Washington area's libraries reopened, Haworth plans to continue the virtual program.即使在华盛顿地区的图书馆重新开放之后， 海沃思计划继续这个虚拟程序。Will you hold up your book? We expect kids to continue from all over the country, potentially the world.你能拿着书吗？我们期望来自全国各地，甚至可能是全世界的孩子们继续参与。And we look forward to one day welcoming dogs from around the country.我们期待有一天欢迎来自全国各地的狗。

These people can breathe life into pretty much anything: out-of-fashion jeans, boring dresses, torn canvas totes and even car tyres.这些人几乎能让任何东西焕发生机：过时的牛仔裤、单调的连衣裙、破旧的帆布包，甚至是汽车轮胎。My necklace was made of tyres, inner tub, recycle, so basically you can touch it.我的项链是用轮胎内胎回收制成的，你可以摸到它。Dedication to sustainability and a bit of creativity can spice up any wardrobe.致力于可持续发展并发挥一点创造力，就能让任何衣橱焕然一新。This was originally a blanket from the thrift store and I bought it, and I combined it into the clothes I already had at home.这原本是我从二手店买来的一条毯子，我把它和家里现有的衣服搭配在一起了。So I made these into the three pockets like a cowboy. 29-68, that's the address of my house where I started my brand.我像牛仔一样把这些做成了三个口袋。29-68是我开始创立品牌时所住房子的地址。Refashion is the joint initiative of the New York City Department of Sanitation and local fashion designers.“重塑时尚”是纽约市卫生局和当地时装设计师的联合倡议。The main goal is to learn and teach other sustainability and the many ways to rethink and recycle what we already have in the most environmentally friendly way.主要目标是学习并向他人传授可持续发展理念，以及以最环保的方式重新思考和回收利用我们现有物品的多种方法。What we're really trying to do here at the Department of Sanitation is connect the fashion industry and sort of young designers and talent, and help them overcome our challenge of textile waste.纽约市卫生局真正想做的，是将时尚产业、年轻设计师以及新锐人才联系起来，帮助他们应对纺织品浪费这一难题。The challenge is indeed daunting. According to the publication The Balance, an average American buys 60% more items of clothing every year and keeps them for about half as long as 15 years ago.这项挑战确实令人望而生畏。根据The Balance杂志的数据，如今美国人年均服装购买量比过去增加了60%，而保留衣物的时间仅为15年前的一半。Charities and secondhand stores can't consume all the used clothing. A giant amount goes to waste.慈善机构和二手商店不能消耗所有的旧衣服。大量的旧衣物都被浪费了。This lab just outside New York City turns used clothing into something new using only pure cotton items. Buttons, zippers and synthetic inserts are carefully removed.这个位于纽约市郊外的实验室只用纯棉物品将旧衣物改造成新东西。纽扣、拉链和合成材料嵌件被小心地移除。A special solvent sinks the fabric structure, and the special spinning wheel turns the resulting mass into new fiber.一种特殊溶剂会溶解织物结构，而特殊的纺纱轮将产生的物质转化为新的纤维。This fiber was made from 100 percent post-consumer cotton garment waste. These are old T-shirts, socks that you think there's no value for.这种纤维是由100%的消费后棉质服装废料制成的。这些就是你认为毫无价值的旧T恤、袜子。We basically liquefied them and we turned them into a new fiber, and we can take this fiber, spin it into yarn and make textiles.我们基本上是把它们液化，然后将其制成了一种新纤维，我们可以拿这种纤维纺成纱线，再制成纺织品。Stella McCartney, Adidas, Levi's, these big brands use such recycled fiber for wholly new collections. Smaller brands also find ways to recycle creatively.斯特拉·麦卡特尼、阿迪达斯、李维斯，这些大品牌都使用这种再生纤维来打造全新系列。小品牌也在寻找有创意的回收利用方法。All the products that we have here were made of recycled materials. So we have plastics, we have tyres, we have plastic bottles.我们这里所有的产品都是用回收材料制成的。我们有塑料、轮胎、塑料瓶。Buying used clothing has a lot of advantages, believes Isabel Varela. She used to be a shopaholic, but her passion caused her to have large debts.伊莎贝尔·巴雷拉认为，购买二手服装有很多好处。她曾经是个购物狂，但这种癖好让她欠下了巨额债务。Varela realized she was doing herself a disservice and started buying used items.巴雷拉意识到自己这样做对自己不利，于是开始购买二手物品。Having a helpful relationship with clothing. So we do need clothing and we do need a shop for basics, but it's behind.合理地购买服装。我们确实需要衣物，也确实需要一家能买到基本款衣物的商店，但这并非首要之事。It's like go to thrift stores, swap shops, shop in your closet to see what we really have.这就像去二手商店、交换商店逛逛，翻翻自己的衣橱，看看我们到底有什么。Reviewing, resewing, combining, this is the latest trend of the fashion industry.翻新、重缝、拼接，这就是时尚界的最新潮流。And while some clothes may only be good for landfill, many more are destined for a second chance in life. [解析]虽然有些衣服可能只适合填埋，但更多的衣服注得第二次生命。

On the floor of the North Atlantic Ocean rests one of history's most fantastic failures, the unsinkable RMS Titanic.在北大西洋海底躺着历史上最引人注目的失败之一——号称“永不沉没”的泰坦尼克号。The salvage firm RMS Titanic Inc has so far recovered more than 5,000 pieces of dinnerware and coins from the wreckage.打捞公司泰坦尼克号公司到目前为止已经从残骸中打捞出了5000多件餐具和硬币。They say after all these years underwater, time is running out to dredge the Marconi wireless telegraph machine that transmitted the Titanic's frantic distress calls.他们说，在水下沉睡了这么多年之后，打捞那台曾发送泰坦尼克号紧急求救信号的马可尼无线电报机的时间已经不多了。RMS Titanic Inc's president Bretton Hunchak: The roof has degraded significantly and the wreck is essentially collapsing in upon itself.泰坦尼克号公司的总裁布雷顿·汉查克：船顶已经严重退化，残骸也正在不断坍塌。So we're at a point where the Marconi is really in a detrimental area, where we believe in a short period of time it will fall in upon itself, leaving the Marconi sort of to be lost to the seafloor.马可尼无线电报机正处于一个不利位置，我们认为在短时间内船体残骸可能会坍塌，马可尼无线电报机可能会沉没在海底。At the time the Titanic was the world's biggest ship. The luxury ocean liner set sail from London to New York, but struck an iceberg on April 14th, 1912.当时泰坦尼克号是世界上最大的轮船。这艘豪华远洋客轮从伦敦启航前往纽约，但在1912年4月14日撞上了一座冰山。The ship sent distress signals in Morse code using the relatively new Marconi wireless telegraph.这艘船使用相对较新的马可尼无线电报，用摩尔斯电码发出了求救信号。Less than three hours later, it's sunk. Only 700 of the more than 2,000 people on board survived.不到三个小时后，它就沉没了。船上2000多人中只有700人幸存。The Marconi is sort of I believe this generation's next step, and I believe that bringing a tangible part of Titanic to the masses, as opposed to just a few people that get to go see it, really makes that story real for them.我认为马可尼无线电报机可以说是这一代人的下一个探索目标，我觉得把泰坦尼克号实实在在的一部分展示给大众，而不只是让少数人有机会去参观，能让他们真切地感受到那段历史。It's a human interest piece. It's an incredible piece of technology, especially for its day.这是一件充满了人情味的物品。这是一项令人惊叹的技术成果，尤其是在当时那个年代。And it's the reason that I think the legacy of Titanic still exists in the strength that it does.这就是我认为泰坦尼克号的传奇之所以能保持如此强大影响力的原因。But outside of the Titanic Belfast Museum, not everyone shares Hunchak's quest to raise the Titanic or even parts of it, fearing the stress of extraction on the sunken ship.但在贝尔法斯特泰坦尼克号博物馆外，并非所有人都认同汉查克打捞泰坦尼克号甚至其部分残骸的想法，他们担心打捞过程会对沉船造成压力。Parliamentarian Gavin Robinson: We will learn nothing new. There are other Marconi radios, just exactly the same that are present in other museums available throughout the world.国会议员加文·罗宾逊：我们不会有新发现。世界上其他博物馆也陈列着完全相同的马可尼无线电设备。You can learn and understand without the need to go in and wreck and destroy.你可以学习和理解，而不必进去破坏和摧毁。Engineers built Titanic and its tender, the SS Nomadic in Belfast.工程师们在贝尔法斯特建造了泰坦尼克号及其附属船只游牧号。Today a battle wages in the United States, where the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration argues in court今天，一场激烈的争论在美国展开，美国国家海洋和大气管理局在法庭上辩称，that the retrieval run goes against previous court orders prohibiting the removal of anything from the ship itself.打捞行动违反了先前禁止从沉船本身移走任何物品的法庭命令。

Would you be the same person if you'd grown up in different surroundings? How might you be different if you'd grown up in an urban versus a rural environment, or in a different country altogether? This is the age-old, nature-nurture debate that has had people pondering for many years. Is your personality written in your genes or shaped by your experience? Most experts agree that it is a combination of both. Let's hear about ways this can be put to the test.如果你在不同的环境中长大，你还会是同一个人吗？ 如果你是在城市环境中长大，而不是在乡村环境中长大，或者在完全不同的国家中长大，你会有什么不同？ 这是一个古老的、先天与后天的争论，多年来一直引起人们的思考。 你的性格是由你的基因决定的还是由你的经历塑造的？ 大多数专家都认为这是两者的结合。 让我们听听可以对此进行测试的方法。A common way is to study twin pairs, because if personality came only from genes, you might expect identical twins to have the same, or a very similar, personality. Research called 'Meta-analysis of the heritability of human traits based on fifty years of twin studies' looked at 14 million twin pairs in 39 countries. Do identical twins, who share almost identical DNA, have more similar personalities than non-identical twins, who share about half? By comparing the two, the authors concluded that about 50% of the differences between people can be explained by genetic factors, meaning that our genes play a significant role in shaping who we are, but our environment and experiences are just as important.一种常见的方法是研究双胞胎，因为如果性格仅来自基因，您可能会期望同卵双胞胎具有相同或非常相似的性格。 名为“基于 50 年双胞胎研究的人类特征遗传性荟萃分析”的研究对 39 个国家的 1400 万对双胞胎进行了研究。 拥有几乎相同 DNA 的同卵双胞胎是否比拥有大约一半 DNA 的异卵双胞胎拥有更多相似的性格？ 通过比较两者，作者得出结论，人与人之间大约 50% 的差异可以通过遗传因素来解释，这意味着我们的基因在塑造我们是谁方面发挥着重要作用，但我们的环境和经历也同样重要。Other studies looked to see whether personality traits were more prevalent in certain geographical regions than in others. For example, in a 2015 study called 'Regional Personality Differences in Great Britain', researchers investigated how the 'Big Five' personality traits, which include extraversion, openness and agreeableness, were geographically distributed. They found there were areas where each trait was more prevalent. For example, agreeableness, which is about friendliness and trust, was more prevalent in the Scottish Highlands and Northern England – more rural areas with lower population densities. Whereas openness, which is associated with curiosity and intellect, was more prevalent in urban, densely populated areas like London, Manchester and Brighton, suggesting that a person's environment can help to foster various traits.其他研究旨在了解人格特质在某些地理区域是否比其他区域更普遍。 例如，在 2015 年一项名为“英国的区域人格差异”的研究中，研究人员调查了“五大”人格特征（包括外向性、开放性和宜人性）的地理分布。 他们发现每种特征在某些领域更为普遍。 例如，关于友善和信任的宜人性在苏格兰高地和英格兰北部——人口密度较低的农村地区更为普遍。 而与好奇心和智力相关的开放性在伦敦、曼彻斯特和布莱顿等人口稠密的城市地区更为普遍，这表明一个人的环境有助于培养各种特质。While our DNA provides a starting point, it is only part of the jigsaw puzzle that makes our personality. As we go through life, we encounter obstacles, we make mistakes, and we learn what we enjoy through experience – all of which can change how we interact with the world.虽然我们的 DNA 提供了一个起点，但它只是构成我们个性的拼图的一部分。 在我们的一生中，我们会遇到障碍，我们会犯错误，我们会通过经验了解我们喜欢什么——所有这些都可以改变我们与世界互动的方式。

The Atlantic salmon and the goonch catfish from Nepal are some of the 30 flagship fish species which had been prioritised for global conservation by the UN.大西洋鲑和尼泊尔巨魾均属于被联合国列为全球优先保护对象的 30 种旗舰鱼类。Population data of more than 15,000 species of freshwater migratory fish, which make up half of all fish species, were assessed by a team of international scientists to identify those most at risk and culturally significant.一个国际科学家团队对 15000 种淡水洄游鱼类的种群数据进行了评估，这些鱼类占到了所有鱼类物种的一半，从而判断哪些物种的处境最危险、且具有重要的文化价值。The fish they selected will now be put forward for listing under the International Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species.这个团队筛选出的物种现在将被提议列入《保护野生动物迁徙物种公约》。

Doodle dogs, bred from a poodle crossed with a different breed, have grown in popularity in recent years, but the Royal Veterinary College says they don't always behave as expected, particularly around training, anxiety and aggression.“杂交贵宾犬”，也就是贵宾犬和其它犬种的杂交后代，近年来大受青睐。但皇家兽医学院表示，这类混种犬的行为表现并不总能如人所愿，尤其是在受训能力、焦虑情绪和攻击性方面。It questioned the owners of more than 9,000 dogs in the UK, looking at doodles and the parent breeds.这项研究调查了英国 9000 多名犬主，对比了杂交贵宾犬和它们亲代品种的情况。The researchers found where there were differences, the doodle breeds behaviours were more undesirable in eight out of ten cases.研究人员发现，在存在差异的行为对比中，杂交贵宾犬的行为在 80% 的情况下表现得更不理想。The most common issues were fear of loud noises, separation anxiety and problems with training.最常见的问题包括害怕巨大噪音、分离焦虑和训练困难。

This looks like a spaceship and just like a spaceship, this machine is helping scientists go where they've never gone before,这看起来像一艘宇宙飞船，正如宇宙飞船一样，这台机器正在帮助科学家前往他们从未涉足的领域，in the quest to decipher what science has never been able to explain, the origins of the universe.致力于破解科学至今无法解释的谜题——宇宙的起源。They can confirm the existence of the smallest particles that theoretical physicists have predicted, and accelerate protons, one of the building blocks of atoms to nearly the speed of light, and they can create antimatter.它们能够证实理论物理学家预言的最小粒子的存在，将原子基本构成之一的质子加速至接近光速，还能制造出反物质。But this doesn't mean they understand everything yet.但这并不意味着他们目前理解了一切。Scientists think that at the beginning of things, the so-called Big Bang, matter and antimatter, negative matter, were created in equal amounts.科学家们认为，在万物初始之时，即所谓的大爆炸时期，物质与反物质（负物质）是等量产生的。In principle if the difference between the two is only the charge, they should have just recombine and leave nothing but rejection, okay?原则上，如果两者之间的差异仅仅在于电荷，那么它们应该只是重新结合，除了相互排斥之外不会留下任何东西，对吗？However, we are here, I'm talking with you right now, so it means that at some point matter took over the antimatter, and this must be, because there are some differences between matter and antimatter that we don't know about.然而，我正在与你交谈， 这意味着物质在某种程度上接管了反物质，而这必然是因为物质与反物质之间存在一些我们尚不了解的差异。Searching for those differences is one of the tasks for the people at CMS, the Compact Muon Solenoid, one of four main research points around the Large Hadron Collider at CERN.寻找这些差异是紧凑渺子线圈（CMS）研究人员的任务之一，CMS是欧洲核子研究组织（CERN）大型强子对撞机周围四个主要研究点之一。Packets of protons race around the circle in beams traveling clockwise and counterclockwise.质子束以顺时针和逆时针方向绕着环形轨道飞驰。And when the physicists are ready, the beams are focused and made to collide at one of four experiment locations around the circle.当物理学家准备好后，粒子束会被聚焦，并引导至环形轨道上的四个实验地点之一进行碰撞。If I would collide the beam unfocused, the probability of my fingers colliding here is very low.如果我发射未聚焦的粒子束，就像我的手指这样，那么碰撞的概率是非常低的。And then on either end of the experiments, we will switch from focusing magnets so that the beams squeezes into a small dimension, and therefore, the probability of collision increases.在实验的两端，我们将切换聚焦磁铁，使粒子束压缩到更小的尺寸，从而增加碰撞的概率。Out of the 200 billion protons in the two beams rushing around the circuit, only 100 will collide.在环绕轨道飞驰的两束质子流中，2000亿个质子仅有100个会发生碰撞。But right now the Collider and the experiments around it are in the midst of a two-year shut down for maintenance and upgrades, something that happens every three years.但目前，大型强子对撞机及其周边的实验设备正处于为期两年的停机维护和升级阶段，这种维护每三年会进行一次。For VOA, that meant a chance to get a rare glimpse of a world not many get to see. For the scientists, it's a chance to recharge.对于美国之音来说，这意味着有机会一窥常人难以得见的秘境世界。对科学家而言，这正是一次难得的充电良机。I would say it for us it's an opportunity. We're looking at ways of making the detector better, repairing things, putting in new detectors, and preparing for the future runs, which the experiment will be running until we hope till 2035.对我们来说，这是一个机会。我们正在研究如何改进探测器、修复设备、安装新的探测器，以及为未来的实验运行做准备，我们希望这个实验能一直运行到2035年。The CMS collaboration includes some 4,000 scientists from more than 50 countries from all over Europe, from India, China, Korea, Egypt, other parts of the Middle East and Russia.CMS汇集了来自欧洲、印度、中国、韩国、埃及、中东其他地区以及俄罗斯等50多个国家的约4000名科学家。McBride says that while the scientists loved when the experiments confirmed their predictions, they also loved it when things don't match up,麦克布莱德说，虽然科学家们喜欢实验证实他们的预测，但当结果与预期不符时，他们同样感到兴奋，because that might be saying something very fundamental about how the universe is put together, because many things cannot yet be explained.因为这可能揭示了宇宙构成的基本原理，毕竟许多现象至今仍无法解释。

Internationally celebrated Cambodian American composer Chinary Ung has been awarded one of the highest honors in the U.S., a lifetime membership at the American Academy of Arts and Letters.享誉国际的柬埔寨裔美国作曲家洪靖年荣获美国最高荣誉之一，成为美国艺术文学院终身会员。Ung will be officially inducted in May. The 77-year-old composer was chosen based on his artistic merit in music composition.洪靖年将于5月正式就职。这位77岁的作曲家因其在音乐创作方面的艺术成就而被选中。Ung says he owes his success to his own Cambodian identity.洪靖年说他的成功归功于自己的柬埔寨身份。It is my culture. It's what I learned it from the rice field that I spoke of. What touches me the most and I think I am proud to say that I am a Cambodian.这是我的文化。这是我从我所说的稻田中学到的东西。最让我感动的是，我可以很自豪地说我是一名柬埔寨人。Ung got a scholarship to study clarinet in the U.S. in 1964, and later received a Doctor of Musical Arts from Columbia University in 1974.洪靖年于1964年获得奖学金赴美学习单簧管，后于1974年获得哥伦比亚大学音乐艺术博士学位。His music is known for incorporating Eastern characteristics into Western classical settings.他的音乐以将东方特色融入西方古典背景而闻名。In spirit my music yes does carry the background of the culture in Cambodia.在精神上，我的音乐确实承载着柬埔寨文化的背景。Without that background, I wouldn't be able to compose, let's say, Inner Voices.没有那样的背景，我就无法创作出，比如说，《内心的声音》。The twenty-minute award-winning piece Inner Voices was Ung's second orchestral work following a hiatus between 1974 and 1985.获奖作品《内心的声音》时长二十分钟，是洪靖年继1974年至1985年间沉寂后的第二部管弦乐作品。Ung turned his attention to the rescue of surviving relatives and the rebuilding of the editions of Cham court music.洪靖年将注意力转向了幸存亲属的救援以及占婆宫廷音乐版本的重建。In 1989, Inner Voices made him the first American to win the prestigious Grammy Award.1989年，《内心的声音》让他成为首位获得久负盛名的格莱美奖的美国人。Ung said the piece was his attempt to embrace the expressions of many cultures in a singular musical language, and he got the inspiration from a dream.洪靖年表示，这部作品是他尝试用一种独特的音乐语言来融合多种文化的表达，他的灵感来自于一个梦。In the dream I thought I had receive an invitation to attend a ritual, and I heard the chanting about a text在梦里，我觉得自己收到了参加一场仪式的邀请，我听到有人在念诵一段经文，that this young Cambodian lady, a teenager, decided to commit suicide, and left that text to her parent to set it into music, into song, funeral song, during her funeral.说的是一位年轻的柬埔寨少女，一个十几岁的孩子，决定自杀，还留下这篇文字让她的父母在她的葬礼上把它谱成曲子，编成葬歌。Tapping into his dream to compose Inner Voices only employed what he calls the interaction within himself to create an art that speaks to a global audience.利用自己的梦境来创作《内心的声音》，仅运用了所谓的自我内在对话，创作出一部能与全球听众产生共鸣的艺术作品。You are not only looking outward and what could be learned and so forth, but don't forget that another 50% is the intangible.你不仅要向外看，思考可以学到什么等等，但别忘了，另外50%是无形的东西。It is your feeling, which is not yours when you go deeper, you hit on archetype of dimension and so forth, and that could be share globally.这是你的感受，当你深入探究时，它就不再完全属于你了，你会触及到维度的原型等等，而且这种感受可以在全球范围内共享。Today Ung is a distinguished professor of music at University of California San Diego, and works to preserve and innovate Cambodian traditional music.如今，洪靖年是加利福尼亚大学圣地亚哥分校的杰出音乐教授，致力于保护和创新柬埔寨传统音乐。

The concept continues to blow my mind. It really will enable astronauts to explore.这个概念仍然让我惊叹不已。它真的能让宇航员进行探索。Dr. Pascal Lee has literally gone to the ends of the earth to test equipment for NASA.李天龙确实曾到地球的尽头为美国宇航局测试设备。We want astronauts to go to Mars, be effective explorers, to pick up rocks, to examine fossils potentially, to look for life. All these things require dexterity.我们希望宇航员去到火星，进行高效探索，拾起岩石，甚至可以检测化石，寻找生命。所有这些都需要灵巧的操作。When it's pressurized, the spaceship becomes rigid, astronauts have a very hard time moving anything, the fingers are difficult to move.当飞船加压时，舱体会变得非常坚硬，宇航员移动任何物体都极为困难，连手指都难以活动。At a conference in Norway, Lee happened to meet some engineering students with a possible solution.在挪威的一次会议上，李天龙偶然遇到了一些可能有解决办法的工程专业学生。The guy was just wearing a glove, waving his hands literally, flying this very complex piece of equipment, his drone, very precisely.他戴着手套，挥舞着双手，非常精确地操控着这台非常复杂的设备——他的无人机。It didn't take rocket science to figure out that this had rocket science applications.不用多高深的学问就能明白，这有航天科学方面的应用。Pascal invited us to join the NASA hot Mars project for the summer, which was incredible.李天龙邀请我们夏天加入NASA的火星热力项目，这简直太棒了。To do our field testing, we go to Devon Island in the Arctic. We call Devon Island Mars on Earth.为了进行实地测试，我们去了北极的德文岛。我们称德文岛为地球上的火星。This glove is a first attempt to create an interface that allows the astronaut with very subtle finger motions to have these motions translated wirelessly into commands for a robotic system.这副手套是首次尝试创建一种界面，让宇航员通过非常细微的手指动作，就能将这些动作无线传输为机器人系统的指令。Success is leading to more collaboration with the students, who formed a company called Ntention.该项目的成功促使了与学生们的更多合作，这些学生成立了一家名为Ntention的公司。This year we're going to test operation of other activities, such as control of an ATV.今年我们将测试其他活动的操作，例如控制全地形车。The smart glove can do many things. But it cannot warn of approaching polar bears. For that there is Apollo. 智能手套能做很多事情。但它无法警告即将靠近的北极熊。为此，阿波罗应运而生。

Britain is looking for new partners and it is eyeing Africa.英国正在寻找新的合作伙伴，并将目光投向了非洲。With 1.2 billion people and eight of the world's 15 fastest-growing economies, Africa offers world-beating returns on investment, according to a report from the Overseas Development Institute.海外发展研究所的一份报告显示，非洲拥有12亿人口，全球15个增长最快的经济体中非洲占了8个，投资回报率全球领先。In the past 20 years it's about 16% and this is much higher than in other countries.在过去的20年中，这一比例约为16％，远高于其他国家。Even if you look at returns in Latin America and other developing countries, this case of higher returns in Africa is definitely should encourage more UK investments in the continent.即使你观察拉丁美洲和其他发展中国家的回报率，非洲这种更高回报的情况无疑会鼓励英国在非洲大陆进行更多投资。Britain is playing catch-up. Data from agency the International Trade Center showed France and Germany export more than double the value of goods to Africa than Britain does.英国正在奋起直追。国际贸易中心的数据显示，法国和德国向非洲出口商品的价值是英国的两倍多。At a London summit earlier this month, African business leaders said Britain must get proactive post Brexit.在本月初的伦敦峰会上，非洲商界领袖表示英国必须在脱欧后积极主动。If be okay, just sit down, the vessel will go. That turn them off. But UK companies need to come and walk with the African business model.如果可以的话，就坐下吧，船要开了。把它们关掉。但英国公司需要参与进来，与非洲的商业模式共同发展。British companies believe they have an edge on technology.英国公司认为他们在技术上有优势。The UK Space Agency is backing satellite firms that offer services to African farmers like the PRISE or Pest Risk Information Service.英国航天局正在支持为非洲农民提供服务的卫星公司，例如PRISE。Chris Castelli is director of programs at the UK Space Agency.克里斯·卡斯特利是英国航天局项目主任。So it's taking terabytes of satellite data and sending out text alerts to farmers which can tell them when pests might become a problem in the future.它正在处理数万亿字节的卫星数据，并向农民发送文本警报，从而可以告诉他们未来何时可能出现虫灾。African entrepreneurs are seeking investment in homegrown technology. Mobihealth is a mobile app that seeks to offer top-level health care access across Africa.非洲企业家正在为本土技术寻求投资。Mobihealth是一款旨在为整个非洲提供顶级医疗服务的移动应用程序。90 percent of our doctors are from the Western countries. 10% are from the rest of Africa. They provide video consultation, prescription, diagnostic tests.90%的医生来自西方国家。10%来自非洲其他地区。他们提供视频咨询、处方和诊断检测服务。We are looking here to connect with people who can help us to scale up our business and take this global.我们在这里寻找能够帮助我们扩大业务规模并将其推向全球的人。African nations need to work harder to attract investment, says the Secretary General of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.联合国贸易和发展会议秘书长说，非洲国家需要加倍努力以吸引投资。We need to develop this human resource as a contribution to the world's economy that we need to ride the conditions to make Africa the next factory of the world.我们需要开发这一人力资源，以此为世界经济做出贡献；我们需要利用各种条件，让非洲成为世界的下一个工厂。Then you can say, "Can Britain step in just like any other friend of Africa and offer some of the solution?"然后你可以说：“英国能像非洲的其他朋友一样介入并提供一些解决方案吗？”Britain says it can, but many analysts warn negotiations over its future relationship with Europe will dominate trade talks in the coming months and years.英国表示可以，但许多分析人士警告称，未来数月乃至数年内，与欧洲未来关系的谈判将主导贸易谈判。

Its length isn't what makes the path special, says Natural England's Neil Constable, who led the project. For him, the important thing is it means you can now reach the coast anywhere in England, turn left or right, and follow the sea for as long as you like.这条步道的长度并非它最特别的地方，这是该项目负责人、英格兰自然署官员尼尔·康斯特布尔的看法。对他而言，最重要的一点是这条步道的建成意味着现在你可以来到英格兰海岸线上的任何一个地方，向左或向右转，便能沿着海岸随心所欲地想走多远就走多远。Creating the route has taken 18 years, an act of parliament, andextensiveplanning and construction. More than a thousand miles of new path have been built, withupgradessuch asboardwalksand bridges. Newlegal provisionsmean the route can also adapt to climate change,shiftinginlandaserosionand rising seasreshape the coastline.这条路线的建成历时 18 年，期间通过了一项议会法案，并进行了大量的规划和建设。其中新建的步道超过 1000 英里，并增设了木栈道和桥梁等升级设施。新的法律条文确保了该路线能够应对气候变化，随着海水侵蚀和海平面升高不断重塑海岸线，步道位置可随之向内陆迁移。

Animals build their homes to achieve different living goals. Bees build hives to store and protect food, spiders spin webs to catch prey and beavers build dams to create pools. But, as you walk around a town or stroll along a countryside pathway, you may notice some unique homes up on the treetops – nests.动物建造家园是为了实现不同的生活目标。 蜜蜂建造蜂巢来储存和保护食物，蜘蛛结网来捕捉猎物，海狸建造水坝来形成水池。 但是，当您在城镇中漫步或沿着乡村小路漫步时，您可能会注意到树顶上有一些独特的房屋 - 巢穴。Like architects, birds carefully engineer their nests before building them. A report named Architectural traditions in the structures built by cooperative weaver birds says that their designs are influenced by those before them. A study released by iScience finds that birds follow a culture that gets passed down. Not the high culture of art, literature and music, but an older process of transmitting traits and skills through generations.像建筑师一样，鸟类在建造巢穴之前会仔细设计它们。 一份名为《合作织鸟建造的建筑中的建筑传统》的报告称，它们的设计受到了前辈的影响。 iScience 发布的一项研究发现，鸟类遵循一种可以传承下来的文化。 不是艺术、文学和音乐的高雅文化，而是代代相传特征和技能的古老过程。Bird nest building: visions for the future, says that birds who are first-time builders will often copy familiar individuals, highlighting how important this individual, perhaps the parent, is. Sound familiar? An article in the National Library of Medicine explains how children learn by imitating their caregiver.鸟巢建造：对未来的愿景 首次建造鸟巢的鸟儿经常会模仿熟悉的个体，这强调了这个个体（也许是父母）的重要性。 听起来很熟悉吗？ 国家医学图书馆的一篇文章解释了孩子如何通过模仿他们的照顾者来学习。These behaviours, though, can also change in response to pressures of natural selection, a term coined by Charles Darwin in his theory of evolution. Competition is one of the three components of that theory.不过，这些行为也会因自然选择的压力而发生变化，自然选择是查尔斯·达尔文在其进化论中创造的术语。 竞争是该理论的三个组成部分之一。And it's not just in the human world where certain property locations are highly desirable. Some species of birds even steal nest locations from others. Studies at the Zoological Society of London have discovered that invasive species will compete with native birds for suitable trees to build their nests in. Experiments published in Science Direct also show that most female birds look for fresh, green nests when choosing their mate. A report from RSPB further adds that in some species of birds, such as wrens, the male will build multiple nests from which the female can choose her favourite and even tidy it up. This tells us that, like humans, the quality of a home, in addition to its location and cleanliness, can influence whether a pair of birds decide to live and start a family there.不仅仅是在人类世界中，某些房产位置非常令人向往。 有些鸟类甚至会窃取其他鸟类的巢穴位置。 伦敦动物学会的研究发现，入侵物种会与本地鸟类竞争合适的树木来筑巢。《Science Direct》上发表的实验还表明，大多数雌性鸟类在选择配偶时都会寻找新鲜、绿色的巢穴。 皇家鸟类保护协会的一份报告进一步补充说，在某些鸟类中，例如鹪鹩，雄性会建造多个巢，雌性可以从中选择她最喜欢的，甚至清理它。 这告诉我们，像人类一样，房屋的质量，除了位置和清洁度之外，还会影响一对鸟是否决定在那里生活并建立家庭。

Streaming video platforms have given filmmakers massive budgets and allowed them to make creative and artistic films and series free of the restrictions of cinema or broadcast time slots. But, maybe, just maybe, not everyone wants a three-hour long work of creative genius. Minute-long micro-dramas are taking the entertainment market by storm.流媒体视频平台为电影制片人提供了大量预算，使他们能够不受影院或广播时段的限制制作创意和艺术电影和电视剧。 但是，也许，只是也许，并不是每个人都想要一部长达三个小时的创意天才作品。 时长一分钟的微剧正在席卷娱乐市场。Perhaps most people are looking for something that they can squeeze into their everyday life. Micro-dramas cater perfectly for this need. It's not just that you can watch them on your phone, they're made for it. They're shot in vertical format, so you don't even have to turn your phone round to start watching. Series are split into as many as a hundred short episodes, so they can fit into any spare downtime that you have.也许大多数人都在寻找可以融入日常生活的东西。 微剧正好满足了这种需求。 您不仅可以在手机上观看它们，而且它们是为此而设计的。 它们以垂直格式拍摄，因此您甚至无需转动手机即可开始观看。 系列分为多达一百个短集，因此它们可以适合您的任何闲暇时间。For this to work, it needs a new kind of programme. US tech company Quibi tried to use traditional Hollywood stars, and collapsed in less than a year, taking $1.75 billion dollars' worth of investment with it. Chinese start-up companies took a different approach, focusing on low-cost production and using analytics data and AI analysis to identify exactly what gets the audience to start watching, and then how to make the next episode feel unmissable.要实现这一点，需要一种新的计划。 美国科技公司Quibi试图利用传统的好莱坞明星，不到一年就倒闭了，带走了价值17.5亿美元的投资。 中国的初创公司采取了不同的方法，专注于低成本制作，并使用分析数据和人工智能分析来准确确定什么让观众开始观看，然后如何让下一集感觉不容错过。Billionaires, breakups and bust-ups: those are the key themes that get the audience watching. There isn't much room for nuance or slow-build character development in a micro-drama, but what is needed is drama. Rather than a subscription model, monetisation in the world of micro-dramas is often based on a freemium model. You can see enough episodes to get you hooked for free. But you need to buy credits to find out how the story ends. This means that dramatic cliffhangers are a commercial tool.亿万富翁、分手和分手：这些是吸引观众观看的关键主题。 微剧中没有太多的空间来进行细微差别或缓慢的角色发展，但需要的是戏剧性。 微剧领域的货币化通常基于免费增值模式，而不是订阅模式。 您可以免费观看足够多的剧集，让您着迷。 但你需要购买积分才能了解故事的结局。 这意味着戏剧性的悬念是一种商业工具。These dramas are increasing in popularity around the world. There is also great potential to make money from advertising as audiences are highly engaged. After China, the US has become the biggest micro-drama market. Could it be that soon most of the drama we watch is on our phones in those minutes we find between our other daily tasks?这些电视剧在世界各地越来越受欢迎。 由于受众高度参与，通过广告赚钱的潜力也很大。 美国已成为继中国之后最大的微剧市场。 难道我们很快就会在其他日常任务之间的那几分钟里通过手机观看大部分电视剧吗？

Years ago discrimination against people with disabilities often started right at birth.多年前，对残疾人的歧视往往始于出生。When I was born, a doctor came in to my mom and explained to her my diagnosis in this way, your son is a midget like you see in the circus.当我出生时，一位医生走进来对我妈妈这样解释我的诊断结果：你的儿子就像你在马戏团里看到的那种侏儒。So in that one sentence, that he said to my mother he's basically laid out my entire future.在他对我母亲说的那句话里，他基本上已经规划好了我的整个未来。Okay, just in one second, Lydia. Boss is busy firing me because I make him uncomfortable,好吧，就在一会儿，莉迪亚。老板正忙着解雇我，因为我让他不舒服，But luckily times have changed. Woodburn who was diagnosed with dwarfism went on to have a successful acting career, appearing in more than 30 films and making more than 150 television appearances, including the popular TV series Seinfeld.但幸运的是，时代发生了变化。被诊断患有侏儒症的沃德本恩后来在演艺事业上取得了成功，参演了30多部电影并出演了150多部电视剧，其中包括热门剧集《宋飞正传》。It's little people. You got that. His success reflects the impact of the ADA.这是小人物，你明白的。他的成功反映了《美国残疾人法案》的影响。The ADA stands for the Americans with Disabilities Act, and the important thing that we would really want everyone to know, is that it's a civil rights law.ADA全称是Americans with Disabilities Act，最重要的是我们希望每个人都知道这是一部民权法案。Individuals with disabilities were not part of that protection, and it became evident that they were not being included in ways that other previously marginalized groups were.残疾人曾经并未受到这种保护，而且很明显，他们未能像其他曾被边缘化的群体那样被纳入其中。Signed into law by president George HW Bush in 1990, the ADA provided protection against discrimination to millions of Americans in school, on the job, and in all public and private places.《美国残疾人法案》于1990年由乔治·H·W·布什总统签署生效，该法案为数百万美国人在学校、职场以及所有公共和私人场所提供了免受歧视的保护。By doing so, it improved access and quality of life for millions.通过这样做，它改善了数百万人的生活便利性和生活质量。I think one of the most important things that we look at with the Americans with Disabilities Act is its opportunity to level the playing field.我认为《美国残疾人法案》最重要的意义之一在于它提供了公平竞争的机会。But in the area of employment for people with disabilities, Goss acknowledges that the number remains low.但在残疾人就业领域，戈斯承认，这一数字仍然很低。In 2019, less than 20 percent of disabled adults had jobs, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. It's one reason why more advocacy is needed, says Woodburn.在2019年，只有不到20%的残疾人有工作，据美国劳工统计局统计。沃德本恩表示，这正是需要更多倡导的原因之一。And part of my advocacy with my own industry has been to change the landscape of employment of actors with disability, for example, because the belief system is that for kids, if you can't see it you can't be it.我呼吁改变残疾演员的就业状况，因为人们的观念是，对于孩子来说，看不见榜样就无法成为那样的人。But many of the law's provisions have improved lives, and even benefited those without disabilities.但许多法律规定改善了人们的生活，甚至让那些没有残疾的人受益。Ramps and curb cuts designed to accommodate wheelchairs, for example, help others.例如，为方便轮椅通行而设计的坡道和路缘斜坡也能帮助到其他人。After those were put in place, people started to see more and more mothers walking their babies in the strollers and delivery persons using those.这些设施到位后，人们开始看到越来越多的母亲推着婴儿车散步，快递员也开始使用这些设施。And text messaging was born out of technology for the hearing impaired.短信是为听障人士研发的技术衍生而来的。We owe that to the deaf community and their need to have that access.我们应该为聋人社区着想，满足他们获取信息的需求。As the ADA celebrates 30 years of advancing the lives of millions of Americans, Woodburn says there's still plenty of room for improvement.在《美国残疾人法案》庆祝推动数百万美国人生活改善的30年之际，沃德本恩表示还有很大的改进空间。We have to be included every step of the way and we're just not right now.我们必须全程参与，可目前我们并没有做到。So my hope is that anyone that has diversity or inclusion discussion, either as an advocate or as a corporate leader, that they always include disability, despite how uncomfortable it might make them feel. 我希望任何讨论多元化或包容性的人，无论是倡导者还是企业领导者，都能始终将残障人士纳入其中，尽管这可能让他们感到不适。

Two young children, a boy and a girl, hold a sign that reads "BRING OUR MOM BACK".一个男孩和一个女孩举着一块牌子，上面写着“BRING OUR MOM BACK”。This painting called "Simple Immigration" is the work of an 18-year-old Dominick Cocozza, and has already made its way to the US capitol in Washington D.C.这幅名为《简单移民》的画作出自18岁的Dominick Cocozza之手，现已在美国华盛顿特区的国会大厦成功展出。In 2019 Cocozza won in the annual art competition organized by the US congress.2019年，Cocozza在美国国会组织的年度艺术竞赛中获胜。I concentrated on the United States immigration crisis, and that was something that I felt deserve an empathetic and legal solution.我专注于美国的移民危机，我觉得这一问题值得以富有同理心且合法的方式去解决。So when I saw kids that you know looked like me when I was younger, you know behind cages and in bars and stuff, it was really jaw-dropping.当我看到那些孩子，就像我小时候一样被关在笼子里、铁栅栏后面之类的，真是令人瞠目结舌。That was even an issue that even had to be discussed. I didn't…I couldn't believe that. That was a thing that was happening.这甚至是一个必须讨论的问题。我简直不敢相信，这种事情竟然真的发生了。Cocozza says his work was inspired by the family separation policy executed at the US Mexican border. His works did not go unnoticed.Cocozza表示，他的作品灵感来自美墨边境实施的家庭分离政策。他的作品并没有被忽视。A Virginia congressman Don Beyer noticed the paintings, and suddenly the basement of Cocozza's parents' home, where the young man worked, was filled with journalists.弗吉尼亚国会议员唐·拜尔注意到了这些画，突然间Cocozza父母家的地下室，也就是这个年轻人创作的地方，挤满了记者。It's supposed to be a representation of the sadness that these kids were feeling. It was really an emotional painting that I wanted to portray.这应该是为了表现这些孩子所感受到的悲伤。这幅画作确实饱含情感，正是我渴望表达的心境。Dominick and his sister were born in Guatemala, but were adopted by an American family when they were still infants.Dominick及其妹妹出生在危地马拉，但在他们还是婴儿时就被一个美国家庭收养了。Today the young artist lives in Arlington, just a few kilometers away from the US capitol. But despite all that, he never forgets about where he came from.今天这位年轻的艺术家住在阿灵顿，离美国国会大厦只有几公里远。但尽管如此，他从未忘记自己的出身。It's a model of my family. I live in a primarily white community, so for me that was my personal difference.这是我家的一个缩影。我生活在一个以白人为主的社区，所以对我来说，那就是我的个人差异。And so I have my sister and me who were adopted from Guatemala as infants, painted a different color than the rest of the rocks.妹妹和我在婴儿时期从危地马拉被收养，我们就像被涂成了与其他石头不同颜色的石头。And these rocks are supposed to represent different families in their communities.这些岩石应该代表他们社区中不同的家庭。And then the water represents how communities are always changing in everything.水象征着社区在方方面面始终处于变化之中。This painting also won in a competition held by the Smithsonian, and was exhibited at the Hirshhorn Museum in downtown D.C.这幅画还在史密森学会举办的一场比赛中获奖 ，并在华盛顿特区市中心的赫希洪博物馆展出。For many years now, seasoned artist Gavin Glakas has been Dominick's mentor.多年来，经验丰富的艺术家加文·格拉卡斯（Gavin Glakas）一直是Dominick的导师。He's a very impressive young man, and he has that combination of real drive to learn and improve and further his talent level.他是个非常出色的年轻人，兼具强烈的学习进取心与不断提升才华的渴望。It'll be fascinating to see where he goes with. His work and career, he's obviously interested in those issues.很期待看看他未来会有怎样的发展。他的作品和事业，显然他对那些问题很感兴趣。Dominick has been painting since he was small. When he just started school he was already invited to take part in local exhibits.Dominick从小就开始画画。当他刚开始上学时，他已经被邀请参加当地的展览。That was an indication that it wasn't just his mom thinking he had some talent, there were other people saying "We'd like to take his work and show it in the county."这表明不仅仅是他妈妈认为他有天赋，还有其他人表示“我们想收下他的作品并在县里展出”。And after a couple of years of that, I approached the school and said, "Do you think that he may be gifted in visual arts?"几年后，我找到学校问：“你认为他在视觉艺术方面有天赋吗?”And they said, "We think so. Why don't you fill out the application and we'll go through the formal process?"他们说：“我们想是的。 你为什么不填一下申请表，我们走个正式流程？”In the fall of 2020 Dominick Cocozza will start his education at the Rhode Island School of Design, one of the oldest art schools in the country. 2020年秋天，Dominick Cocozza将开始在美国历史最悠久的艺术院校之一罗德岛设计学院接受教育。

The United States and China recently dispatched rovers to Mars, while the United Arab Emirates sent an orbiter to the red planet, where it is hoped humans one day will tread.美国和中国最近向火星发射了探测器，同时阿联酋航空公司也向这颗红色星球发射了一颗人造卫星，希望有一天人类会踏上这片土地。For man and machine alike, experts say landing on Mars is the hardest part of the trip.专家表示，对于人和机器来说，登陆火星是旅程中最困难的部分。The period from hitting the atmosphere to getting to the surface has been characterized depending on the mission as either the six minutes of terror or the seven minutes of terror.从进入大气层到抵达表面的这段时间，根据不同的任务，被描述为“恐怖六分钟”或“恐怖七分钟”。Mars has a thinner atmosphere than earth which complicates setting down safely on the surface.火星的大气层比地球稀薄，这使得在火星表面安全降落变得困难。Stanford University professor Scott Hubbard says, those six or seven minutes it takes to go from more than 19,000 kilometers per hour to zero are the riskiest.斯坦福大学教授斯科特·哈伯德(Scott Hubbard)说，从每小时超过19000公里的速度降到零所需的六七分钟是最危险的。In terms of where the risk factors are where you could lose this mission, that is an area that is of all the risk factors the one that you look at the most closely, because it's the one that has failed missions in the past.就可能导致任务失败的风险因素而言，这是你最需要密切关注的一个方面，因为过去失败的任务都与此有关。The casualty rate for Mars missions tops 50 percent. The US so far has successfully put a craft on the Martian surface, beginning with the Twin Vikings in 1976.火星任务的伤亡率高达50%。到目前为止，美国至今已成功将航天器送上火星表面，最早可追溯到1976年发射的“海盗号”双子探测器。NASA chose the red planet's Jezero crater over 60 other potential landing sites for its Perseverance rover. Dr. Bethany Ehlmann explains why.美国宇航局选择了火星的杰泽罗陨石坑作为其“毅力号”探测器的着陆点。Bethany Ehlmann博士解释了其中的原因。This is a great place to explore ancient habitats, the great place to look for life.这是探索古代栖息地的绝佳地点，也是寻找生命的理想之地。And as added bonus, just outside the rim of Jezreo crater are some of the oldest best exposed rocks on Mars from a time period even one billion years earlier.另外的惊喜是，杰泽罗陨石坑边缘之外，有一些火星上最古老、暴露得最完好的岩石，其形成时间甚至比现在还要早10亿年。The craft should reach Mars in February, along with the Chinese and UA emissions after seven months in transit over 480 million kilometers.该飞船将于明年2月抵达火星，连同中国和阿联酋发射的一起，要经过7个月的时间，跨越4.8亿公里。In spring 2021 French astronaut Thomas Pesquet become the first European to ride a SpaceX capsule to what will be his second stay aboard the international space station.2021年春天，法国宇航员托马斯·佩斯凯成为首位乘坐SpaceX太空舱的欧洲人，这将是他在国际空间站的第二次逗留。People from all over the world, different countries have put together the resources for peaceful purposes, for science, for research, for progress.来自世界各地、不同国家的人们为了和平的目的、为了科学、为了研究、为了进步而汇聚资源。And it's been going on for 20 years and it's an amazing success.它已经持续了20年，取得了惊人的成功。Finally this week Virgin Galactic unveiled the cabin of its spaceship II commercial craft.本周维珍银河公司终于揭开了其太空船二号商业飞行器的舱内设计。It has 12 windows, Virgin says, they designed the cabin for an out-of-seat weightlessness experience. The company says final tests are ongoing.维珍银河公司表示，该舱体设有12扇舷窗，专为乘客离座体验失重状态而设计。公司称最终测试目前仍在进行中。

First there was the keyboard, then the touch screen.首先是键盘，然后是触屏。Some tech companies say a wearable pair of glasses could be the next leap in technology, even if it didn't work out for google glass.一些科技公司表示，即使谷歌眼镜未能成功，可穿戴眼镜仍可能是科技领域的下一次重大飞跃。In the future we won't be only limited to our smartphones, when it comes to understanding the world around us. So this is our early investment in that future.未来我们将不再局限于仅通过智能手机来理解周围的世界。这就是我们对那个未来的早期投资。The US-based company Snap's investments is this--the spectacles, three sunglasses. This third version is smarter than the previous ones.总部设在美国的Snap公司投资开发了这款太阳镜。第三个版本比之前的版本更智能。It has two cameras. The corner of the glasses lights up when recording video, and allows the wearer to put 3D objects in the video. Here are some flowers.它有两个摄像头。在录制视频时，眼镜的角落会亮起，佩戴者可以对物品进行3D拍摄。这里有些花。Users can capture up to a minute of video. In a very different application, the InGlass by Hong Kong-based Pacific Future allows theme park visitors to have a different kind of experience through augmented reality.用户最多可以拍摄一分钟的视频。在一个截然不同的应用场景中，香港太平洋未来科技公司推出的InGlass让主题公园游客通过增强现实技术获得别样体验。During the launch of the smart glasses during Halloween, this park became extra scary. So there's a ghost everywhere mixed with the real like buildings.在万圣节期间推出智能眼镜时，这个公园变得格外恐怖。看起来就像这座楼里到处都是鬼魂。The glasses are used in theme parks in China and Malaysia.这副眼镜在中国和马来西亚的主题公园中使用。With a processor inside, these augmented reality glasses are designed for ages 12 and up, because of its weight and size.内置处理器的增强现实眼镜因重量和体积原因，设计适用年龄为12岁及以上。Augmented reality security glasses made by Beijing-based Goolton can be used by police to identify suspects.北京谷东科技公司制造的增强现实安防眼镜可帮助警方识别嫌疑人。He can set a blacklist and the skin in your crowded people and find your criminal very soon.警方可以设置黑名单，在茫茫人海中识别出皮肤特征，很快就能找到罪犯。Armed with facial recognition software, video or images captured by these smart glasses can be sent to security officials off-site for analysis.配备面部识别软件的智能眼镜可将拍摄的视频或图像发送给场外的安保人员进行分析。Of course there are privacy concerns with any device that comes with built-in cameras, one of the reasons consumers rejected google glass.当然，任何配备内置摄像头的设备都会引发隐私担忧，这也是消费者拒绝谷歌眼镜的原因之一。Still the race is on for tech companies, big and small, to turn an everyday item like glasses into something smarter. 尽管如此，大大小小的科技公司仍在竞相将眼镜等日常用品改造成更智能的产品。

The Work to Ride program basically started with an idea that I had about using horses and youth combining those two to make a difference in the lives of children.“骑马计划”项目基本上源于我一个想法，即把马匹和青少年结合起来，从而改变孩子们的生活。Our facility, Chamonix Equestrian Center, is located in Philadelphia. And it is bordered on two of the most crime-ridden neighborhoods here in Philadelphia.我们的设施查莫尼克斯马术中心位于费城。它毗邻费城两个犯罪率最高的社区。One is North Philadelphia and one is West Philadelphia. We have children that come from those neighborhoods.一个是北费城， 一个是西费城。参加这个项目的有来自这些社区的孩子。Being in the program has kept me away from a lot of stuff like getting involved in drugs and getting related things that usually happen in the street.参加这个项目让我远离了很多事情，比如吸毒和街头常见的那些相关活动。When I come to the barn, I'm always very happy. I'm usually excited, usually ready to ride.当我来到马厩时，我总是非常开心。我通常很兴奋，随时准备骑马。The horses that we use in the program are donated. The kids in the Work to Ride program are primarily responsible for taking care of horses.我们项目中使用的马匹都是捐赠的。参加“骑马计划”的孩子主要负责照看马匹。On any given day, they're responsible for chores, cleaning up the stables, taking care of any medical needs that any of the horses may have.每一天他们都要负责杂务、清理马厩、照顾马匹，满足它们可能会有的任何医疗需求。It's a big responsibility. It is a lot of work to do. But all the work like is contributing to the one important thing is taking care of the horse.这是一项重大的责任。有很多工作要做。但所有这些工作都有助于一件重要的事情，那就是照顾好马匹。And if take care of the horse, then we're able to ride and it all leads up to playing in the games and just good management.如果我们照顾好马，那么我们就能骑马，这一切最终都是为了参加比赛，同时进行良好的管理。I feel like I've built an individual bond with each and every horse we have at our barn. Being at the barn is very like homey. It's very comfortable and I feel safe.我觉得我和马厩里的每一匹马都建立了深厚的联系。待在马厩里很有家的感觉。这里非常舒适，让我感到安心。

It's all about changing the narrative of black history, building leaders through the story of my ancestors.这一切都是为了改变黑人历史的叙事，通过讲述我祖先的故事来培养领导者。We produce educational toys where children can learn black history in a very fun and creative way.我们生产教育玩具，让孩子们能够以一种非常有趣和富有创意的方式学习黑人历史。The focus really is to kind of see black history through a different lens instead of focusing on oppression and slavery.重点实际上是通过不同的视角来看待黑人历史，而不是聚焦于压迫和奴隶制。I don't want that to be their first thought anymore. I want the first thought when people think of black history is to be resiliency and leadership.我不想让这再成为他们的第一印象。我希望当人们想到黑人历史时，第一印象是坚韧与领导力。Bevy & Dave, I named Bevy after my daughter, Beverly, and I named Dave after my brother, David. The first toy I created is the History Makers Puzzle Block Set.Bevy & Dave这个游戏品牌名源于我的女儿Beverly和哥哥David。我发明的第一款游戏是《方块拼图学历史》。It was launched in 2016. We're going to put the alphabet together and not repeat the same letters. It starts for age 3, plus.它于2016年推出。我们要把字母组合起来，且不重复使用相同的字母。它适合3岁及以上的孩子。And so, with that one, I didn't want to continue the story of "a" is for apple. On this History Makers Puzzle Block Set, it's "a" for appreciation.在这个游戏里，我不想延续a代表苹果的故事。在《方块拼图学历史》中，"a"代表感激。Appreciation, that's right. And then when you turn the block, they'll learn that it means to be thankful.当你翻转积木时，他们会明白这意味着心怀感恩。So, it would be a word like leadership, strategy, or it would be a historic figure or historic fact.可能会有领导力、策略这样的词，或者一个历史人物、历史故事。"W" is for Maggi Walker where they get a chance to learn about her being the first female bank president.“W”代表Maggi Walker，她是第一位女性银行行长。So, they get the opportunity to now experience the alphabet in a different way. The second toy, I wanted to focus on inventors.他们现在有机会以不同的方式体验字母表。第二款玩具，我想聚焦于发明家。I put their faces on there purposely because I wanted people and children to see who created these remarkable things we're all experiencing every day.我特意把他们的脸印在那里，因为我想让人们和孩子们知道，是谁创造了这些日常生活中的非凡事物。Frederick Jones, he invented mobile refrigeration, because before him we didn't have a way to safely transport food that was perishable.弗雷德里克·琼斯发明了移动制冷技术，因为在他之前，我们没有办法安全运输易腐食品。Norbert Rillieux, he invented automated sugar refining. Where does this one go? Can it go here?诺伯特·瑞利克斯发明了自动炼糖技术。这一步怎么走？能走这吗？I want children of other ethnic groups to also learn through the lens of that story, which I'm trying to share. Can you put the refrigerated cold truck here?我希望其他族裔的孩子也能通过我试图分享的那个故事来学习。你能把冷藏车停在这里吗？For a child to play with different toys that represent their own culture but other cultures is really important especially at an early age.让孩子玩代表自己文化以及其他文化的不同玩具非常重要，尤其是在幼年时期。That really creates more openness. It creates understanding. It creates more conversations for parents to have with their children about race and ethnicity.这确实能创造更多的开放性。它能增进理解，还能让家长和孩子就种族和民族问题展开更多的交流。Currently, my educational toys are used in different preschools and elementary schools in different states.目前，我的益智玩具被用于不同州的各个学前班和小学。So what we need to do, we need to look around on each side and find. Can you guys find the letter on each side of these cubes?我们需要做的是看看每一面并寻找。你们能在这些方块的每一面找到字母吗？My name is Brittany Simmons. I teach Pre-K 4 English at Sela Public Charter School. So, can you help us find the letter C?我叫布列塔尼·西蒙斯，在塞拉公立特许学校教K-4级学前英语。你能帮我们找到字母C吗？One of the games that we play is we use the multi-functional blocks. The more they see while they are putting them together, they see the different sides.我们玩的游戏之一是用多功能积木搭建。他们在拼搭时看到的东西越多，就越能观察到不同的侧面。And it provokes a lot of questions. So, we have a lot of discussions around what they see.这引发了很多问题。我们围绕他们所看到的内容进行了很多讨论。Frederick M. Jones. Let's finish putting it together because he invented something. He's on this puzzle. That means he invented something.弗雷德里克·M·琼斯。咱们把它拼完吧，因为他发明了一些东西。他在这幅拼图里，所以肯定发明了什么东西。They hear a lot about different inventions that were made, people in history, why they were so relevant. They learn different vocabulary words.他们了解到很多关于不同的发明、历史人物以及这些发明和人物为何如此重要的信息。他们学习不同的词汇。It's definitely a conversation piece. So these men created all of the things you see here.这绝对是个能引发话题的游戏。这些人创造了你在这里看到的所有东西。We just have to learn to appreciate and enjoy every part of the story that everybody brings.我们只需要学会欣赏和享受每个人所带来的故事。And that to me is how we make the world better. And I hope Bevy & Dave will be a part of that. I really do.对我来说，这就是我们让世界变得更美好的方式。我希望Bevy&Dave能成为其中的一部分。我真心希望如此。

This is a slime mold. Cat Chang is an urban designer. But in her spare time, she likes to examine other life-forms.这是一种黏菌。凯特·张是一名城市设计师。但在业余时间，她喜欢研究其他生命。Ever since I was a little girl, I've been interested in the natural world. We're native Hawaiian. Our family and my grandmother would take me around her yard.从我还是个小女孩起，我就对自然界感兴趣。我们是夏威夷原住民。我的家人和祖母会带我在她的院子里转转。She would show us all the plants and how you use them. And later when I was interested in learning about fungi, I didn't have anybody to help me with it.她会向我们展示所有的植物以及如何使用它们。后来当我对学习真菌感兴趣时，却没有人能在这方面帮助我。Someone suggested iNaturalist to me, and it's on your cell phone.有人向我推荐了iNaturist， 在手机上就可以使用。iNaturalist is a joint initiative of National Geographic and the California Academy of Sciences.iNaturist是国家地理和加州科学院联合发起的应用。Essentially, people can take a photo of anything living, plants, animal, fungus, slime mold, put it on the website and other people identify it.从本质上讲，人们可以给任何生物拍照，比如植物、动物、真菌、黏菌，然后把照片上传到网站上，由其他人来识别它们。The app compares the image with those already in the database to begin the identification process. But ultimately, human experts weigh in.该应用程序将图像与数据库中已有的图像进行比对，以启动识别过程。但最终，还需要人类专家进行评估。The best part of it is there's a community of people that can also participate.最棒的部分就是有一个我们可以参与进来的社区。It's used by scientists to collect data, and actually write papers, as well as just amateur people who are really interested in getting more involved and caring more about nature.科学家们用它来收集数据，甚至撰写论文，同样适用于那些真正热衷于更深入参与、更加关心自然的业余爱好者。This time of year, I'm particularly looking for salamanders. Oh, there he is poking out of the wood although.每年这个时候，我特别喜欢找蝾螈。它正从木头里探出头来呢。And I always like to see mammals, they're one of my favorites, and birds of course. I have almost 55,000 observations. It's a lot.我总是喜欢观察哺乳动物，它们是我的最爱之一，当然还有鸟类。我已经记录了近55000条观察记录。这数量相当多。iNaturalist has observations from every country in the world. Right now, I believe we have over 26 million observations and about 700,000 active users.iNaturalist拥有来自世界各国的观察记录。目前，我相信我们已经收集了超过2600万条观察记录，拥有约70万活跃用户。This collaboration across continents led recently to a surprising discovery in California.这种跨大洲的合作最近在加利福尼亚州有了一个惊人的发现。The type of giant sunfish whose normal habitat is thousands of miles to the south, an indication perhaps of a rapidly changing world. 这种巨型太阳鱼的正常栖息地在数千英里以南，这或许表明世界正在迅速变化。

My name is Dwayne Hendrickson and I'm from Minot, North Dakota, about 50 miles out of Keif.我叫德韦恩·亨德里克森，来自北达科他州米诺特市，距离基夫约50英里。But my grandparents lived on a farm near Kief prior to 1968 and a small-town community that everybody knew everybody and everybody helped everybody.但在1968年之前，我的祖父母住在基夫附近的农场里，那是一个小镇社区，每个人都认识彼此，每个人都互相帮助。And it was just a different atmosphere, a different atmosphere of listening to people who didn't speak English, and you were trying to figure out what they were saying.那是一种不同的氛围，人们听着那些不会说英语的人讲话，然后试图弄明白他们在说什么。My father came from Germany. He's a Helme from Germany. His dad got on a ship over at Odessa, Russia and came over here in 1902.我父亲来自德国。他是德国赫尔姆人。他的父亲在1902年从俄罗斯的敖德萨登上一艘船来到了这里。And then he homesteaded in 1905. He found some land and he homesteaded.然后他在1905年申请了宅基地。他找到了一块地并申请了宅基地。And if they homesteaded, was I believe 160 acres, and if they lived on it for five years, then they got the title.他们安顿下来后，我记得是160英亩，要是他们在那片土地上住满五年，就能获得土地所有权。The train came out here and this is what they used to call a tank town. They had a big water tank for the old steam locomotive.火车开到这里，这就是他们过去常说的“水塔镇”。他们为老式蒸汽机车建了一个大水塔。It would stop here and fill up water and then go again. And that's where people settled because they were able to ride the train and the train brought in all the goods.它会在这里停下来加水，然后再出发。而人们之所以在此定居，是因为他们可以乘坐火车，火车还运来了各种货物。Mainly lumber, mainly lumber so that they could build houses and stuff and then, passengers stopped riding it. It was back in the 50s.主要是用来建房子之类的木材；后来，乘客不再乘坐它了。那是在20世纪50年代。My folks were born, I mean, born here and stuff. My mom is a German and my dad is a Russian or a Ukrainian. A lot of them got old.我的父母是在这里出生的。我妈妈是德国人，我爸爸是俄罗斯人或乌克兰人。他们很多人都老了。I mean, like, Michalanko's up there. They had a gas station there. And then Benny Krueger's, he just passed away a few years ago.比如，米哈兰科一家住在那里。他们在那里开了个加油站。还有本尼·克鲁格，他几年前刚去世。A lot of them got old. I mean like Ischenkos, Shevchenko's, Karoenkos, Dislevys.很多人都变老了。像依科兰克斯、史福克兰可、卡罗恩克斯和迪斯莱维斯都老了。

The researchers discovered that the European hedgehog can hear up to 85kHz, a frequency that's considered ultrasonic, far higher than humans who stop hearing past 20kHz.研究人员发现，西欧刺猬能听到达到 85 千赫的声音，这已属于超声波频段，远高于人类 20 千赫的听觉上限。The team now wants to develop sound repellents to be used in cars or lawnmowers that could emit noise at a frequency to scare off hedgehogs.基于此发现，该团队目前正致力于开发出能安装在汽车或割草机上的声音驱赶器，通过发射特定频率的噪音来吓跑刺猬。Thousands of hedgehogs a year are killed in road collisions, and the scientists say the discovery could be a game changer. It could also reveal if the animals communicate to each other using noises that humans can't hear.每年都有数千只刺猬在马路上被撞死，而科学家们表示，这项新发现可能会彻底改变现状。它或许还能揭示这些动物是否会利用人类听觉范围之外的声音进行交流。

Lots of places sell or advertise collagen supplements, but what are the benefits of taking them on a daily basis? A new scientific review by a team from Anglia Ruskin University, published in the Aesthetic Surgery Journal Open Forum, has looked into exactly this, and here's what it found. 很多地方都销售或宣传胶原蛋白补充剂，但每天服用胶原蛋白究竟有哪些益处？安格利亚鲁斯金大学的一个团队在《美容外科杂志开放论坛》上发表了一项研究，针对这个问题进行了深入探讨，以下是其研究发现。Let's start with the basics. What is collagen? Well, it's a type of protein found naturally in the body. It supports and strengthens the skin, nails, bone and connective tissues. But the amount the body makes drops with age.首先从最基本的概念说起。胶原蛋白是什么？它是一种天然存在于体内的蛋白质。胶原蛋白支撑并加固皮肤、指甲、骨骼和结缔组织。但其合成速度随着年龄增长而下降。The team behind this review assessed the results of 113 trials involving nearly 8,000 people, and say it brings together the strongest evidence to dateon collagen supplements. They say it shows the pills orpowderscan offer some realskin-rejuvenatinggains. Taken daily, the protein can improveskin toneorelasticityandmoisture, but it doesn't appear to prevent other signs of ageing, such aswrinkles. The researchers also say supplements can boost collagen levels to easejoint painandstiffnessfromwear-and-tear arthritis.该研究团队评估了涉及 8000 人的 113 个试验结果，并表示这是迄今为止对胶原蛋白补充剂的效果最强有力的证据。研究指出，服用胶原蛋白片或胶原蛋白粉确实能带来一定的 “焕肤” 功效。坚持每天服用，胶原蛋白可以改善肤色、弹性和水分，但似乎无法预防其它老化痕迹，比如皱纹。研究人员还表示，这些补充剂可以提升胶原蛋白水平，从而缓解由磨损性关节炎导致的关节疼痛与僵硬。Experts say consumers should be cautious about bold anti-ageing claims and weigh up the potential benefits against the price. And there are several types of supplements people can take, including marine from fish, bovine from cows and vegan collagen. The review was unable to show if any worked better than the others.专家表示，消费者应该警惕夸张的抗衰老宣传，并权衡潜在的益处和价格。目前市面上有多种胶原蛋白补充剂可供选择，包括鱼胶原、牛胶原和纯素胶原蛋白。这篇综述尚无法证实其中哪一种的效果更好。

We all know the feeling. You have a big, difficult task to complete, but your phone is on the desk next to you, teasing you with endless distraction opportunities. What's happening on social media? What's going on in the news? Who's messaging me? This constant bombardment of information through our screens, coupled with a tendency to outsource even basic tasks to technology, might be making us unhappier and more resistant to difficult tasks. Is 'friction-maxxing' the answer?我们都知道这种感觉。 你有一项艰巨的任务要完成，但你的手机就放在你旁边的桌子上，给你带来无尽的分心机会。 社交媒体上发生了什么？ 新闻里发生了什么？ 谁给我发消息？ 这种通过屏幕不断轰炸的信息，加上甚至将基本任务外包给技术的趋势，可能会让我们更加不快乐，并且更加抵制困难的任务。 “最大摩擦力”是答案吗？Humans like to choosethe path of least resistance to conserve energy, but actually, tasks that require more effort often feel more meaningful. Friction-maxxing is a new trend which aims to rebuild our tolerance for inconvenience. In a basic sense, this involves adding more 'friction' to tasks so that they require more time, effort or patience, which, in theory, leads to greater feelings of satisfaction and reward. A series of experiments carried out in 2012 by researchers Norton, Mochon and Ariely found that when people built their own furniture, they had a greater sense of their own competence and pride in their creations.人类喜欢选择阻力最小的路径来节省能量，但实际上，需要付出更多努力的任务往往感觉更有意义。 最大摩擦是一种新趋势，旨在重建我们对不便的容忍度。 从基本意义上讲，这涉及给任务增加更多的“摩擦”，从而需要更多的时间、精力或耐心，从理论上讲，这会带来更大的满足感和奖励感。 2012 年，研究人员 Norton、Mochon 和 Ariely 进行了一系列实验，结果发现，当人们自己制作家具时，他们对自己的能力和创作的自豪感会更强。Our brains operate on a 'use it or lose it' principle, says Gloria Mark, psychologist and author of book 'Attention Span'. To keep new brain neurons alive, we must keep using them by continuing to do effortful tasks. If we rely too much on technology, we risk weakening our mental skills. Many of us use GPS apps to direct us around a city, but overusing these apps appears to be reducing our natural sense of direction, according to a study published in the Scientific Reports journal by Dahmani and Bohbot. On the other hand, studies show that cognitively stimulating activities which require more patience, like reading, doing puzzles and learning an instrument, can preserve our brain function as we age.心理学家、《注意力广度》一书的作者格洛丽亚·马克 (Gloria Mark) 表示，我们的大脑遵循“使用它或失去它”的原则。 为了让新的大脑神经元保持活力，我们必须通过继续完成艰苦的任务来继续使用它们。 如果我们过度依赖技术，我们的心理技能就有可能被削弱。 根据 Dahmani 和 Bohbot 在《科学报告》杂志上发表的一项研究，我们中的许多人都使用 GPS 应用程序在城市中导航，但过度使用这些应用程序似乎会降低我们自然的方向感。 另一方面，研究表明，需要更多耐心的认知刺激活动，如阅读、做谜题和学习乐器，可以随着年龄的增长保护我们的大脑功能。Some are unconvinced by the 'friction-maxxing' trend. Psychologist and author of 'The Distracted Mind', Larry Rosen, believes it's too hard to resist the convenience technology provides. The trend doesn't hurt, says Gloria Mark. "If people are putting in effort, it makes them more intentional and thoughtful." Perhaps by taking the easy route, we're missing out on some of life's enjoyment.有些人对“最大摩擦”趋势不相信。 心理学家、《分心的思维》一书的作者拉里·罗森认为，人们很难抗拒科技带来的便利。 格洛丽亚·马克 (Gloria Mark) 表示，这种趋势并没有什么坏处。 “如果人们付出努力，他们就会变得更加有意和周到。” 也许因为走捷径，我们会错过一些生活的乐趣。

Mornings for Khris Teri of Halo Doughnut means it's time to hand make sweet treats, with flavors such as lemon pop, cinnamon affair along with burnt salty. Everything is made from scratch.对于光环甜甜圈店的克里斯·特里（Khris Teri）来说，早晨是手工制作美味甜点的时间，有柠檬汽水味、肉桂味以及焦盐等口味。所有产品都是从头开始制作的。So the financial downturn helped me revisit my passion.经济低迷期帮助我重燃激情。Unemployed in March, this former video producer with a zeal for cooking, started making doughnuts for friends.三月份失业后，这位热衷于烹饪的前视频制片人开始为朋友制作甜甜圈。So one of my best friends said now Khris I think you should sell this, I think you should make this into a business.我的一个好朋友说：克里斯，我认为你应该卖甜甜圈，你应该把这个做成生意。Teri started out at her mother's kitchen, but quickly outgrew it. So now she rents space in a shared commercial kitchen.特里一开始在母亲的厨房制作，但生意很快就发展壮大了。现在她在一个共享商用厨房里租了场地。It only costs about $400 a month, and includes all the pots and pans which keeps the expenses down.每月只需花费约400美元，而且包含所有锅碗瓢盆，这大大降低了开销。We started it in a shared kitchen because it's low risk and it's low investment. I think it's the perfect way to start a business.我们之所以选择在共享厨房起步，是因为它风险低且投入少。我认为这是创业的绝佳方式。While various new businesses have different back stories, Teri's situation fits a trend that shows a rapidly growing number of micro businesses in Malaysia,虽然各种新企业的背景不同，但特里的情况符合马来西亚微型企业数量迅速增长的趋势：businesses that are starting up from even the garage or their house to kitchen, their home kitchen.从车库或家庭厨房起步。Raymond Woo of the Malaysia Retail Chain Association says, there are easily tens of thousands of micro businesses that have started up in the country since the economic downturn started in March.马来西亚零售连锁店协会的雷蒙德·吴（Raymond Woo）表示， 自三月份经济低迷以来，该国很容易就有数万家微型企业发展起来。The people behind them often need a low-risk way of earning income, after being laid off or forced to take a pay cut.背后的创业者在被解雇或被迫减薪后，往往需要一种低风险的收入方式。It could be doing marketing advisory businesses, website photography, services that they actually know as a hobby, and then moving that hobby and monetizing it.他们可以从事营销咨询业务、网站摄影，或是将原本作为爱好的服务转化为职业，进而将这一爱好变现。At a recent pop-up event, customers sunk their teeth into Teri's doughnuts at prices, ranging from one to two dollars each depending on the flavor.在最近的一次活动中，顾客们狼吞虎咽地吃着特里的甜甜圈，价格从一美元到两美元不等，具体取决于口味。One thing is the fluffiness of the doughnut and the flavor is always something out of the ordinary.甜甜圈很松软，味道与众不同。Halo Doughnut has not quite reached the break-even point yet.光环甜甜圈店尚未达到收支平衡点。But Teri expects to turn this into a profitable business within a few months.但特里预计在几个月内将其转变为盈利业务。She currently has one part-time kitchen worker but plans on hiring more soon.她目前有一名兼职厨房员工，但计划很快招聘更多人手。

Nigeria is one of the top 10 most dangerous countries in the world for women.尼日利亚是全球对女性而言最危险的10个国家之一。The shortage of laws protecting women is compounded by poor law enforcement and traditions that force women to keep quiet about gender violence.保护妇女的法律本就匮乏，再加上执法不力以及迫使女性对性别暴力保持沉默的传统观念，情况更是雪上加霜。Tired of physical abuse, some Nigerian women are now taking self-defense classes.不再忍受身体虐待，一些尼日利亚妇女现在正在上自卫课程。It was really high opening. I liked the fact that I could I can protect myself. Yes, at least I can protect myself and if I wanted to attack, I can attack quickly. Yeah, so you went well.开场真的很精彩。我很喜欢自己能够保护自己这一点。至少我能保护自己，而且如果我想进攻，我也能迅速出击。In Nigeria, even in a large city like Lagos, women learning to fight for themselves face a lot of criticism.在尼日利亚，即使是在拉各斯这样的大城市，女性学习自卫也面临很多批评。It's strange, very, very strange to hear that a woman wants to defend herself if she finds herself in a position where she has to. Nobody is going to listen to that.听到一个女人说如果身处不得不自卫的境地就会自卫，人们觉得非常奇怪。没人会听这种话的。They would just tell you that you're not being submissive as a woman, you know.他们只会告诉你，作为一个女人，你不够顺从。They tell you that you just you've become a feminist and so because you started listening to all those things that are happening and then in Africa we don't do that.他们告诉你，你只不过成了一名女权主义者，因为你开始关注所有正在发生的事情，而在非洲我们可不这么做。The organisers of the self-defense course for women say breaking deep-rooted traditions is hard.女子自卫课程的组织者说，打破根深蒂固的传统很难。The taboo stems from the fact that societal pressures, environmental perception and also within women themselves as well,这种禁忌源于社会压力、环境认知以及女性自身缺乏自信，not having the self-belief that they can actually achieve and do this or what is required to become proficient at self-defense only.她们认为自己实际上无法做到，或者不相信自己能够熟练掌握自卫所需的技能。Only three months ago, Nigeria adopted its first National Sexual Offenders Register, setting up a database of those convicted for sexual violence since 2015.仅三个月前，尼日利亚通过了首个《全国性犯罪者登记册》，建立了自2015年以来的性暴力罪犯数据库。While it is a step toward clamping down on abuse, critics say many assaults go unreported because women are forced to keep quiet.虽然这是打击虐待行为的一步，但批评人士表示，许多袭击事件未被报告，因为女性被迫保持沉默。The self-defense course in Lagos organized by rights group Women Impacting Nigeria and a local gym is also teaching women to speak up.由权益组织“影响尼日利亚的女性”和当地一家健身房在拉各斯组织的自卫课程，也在教导女性勇敢发声。Everybody tells their story because here you're meeting women who have experienced the same things that you've experienced, but some people are silent about it.每个人都在讲述自己的故事，因为在这里你会遇到和你有过相同经历的女性，但有些人对此却保持沉默。As more and more Nigerian women work outside their homes and spend more time on the streets away from their male family members, incidents of assault against them have been increasing.随着越来越多的尼日利亚女性走出家门工作，并在没有男性家庭成员陪伴的情况下在街头停留更长时间，针对她们的袭击事件一直在增加。Until the authorities step in to protect women, self-defence may be the only option for many. 在当局介入保护女性之前，自卫可能是许多人的唯一选择。

Though it appears to have marched straight out of a superhero movie, the Guardian Exoskeleton is ready for work in the real world.虽然它看起来像是直接从超级英雄电影中走出来的，但“守护者”外骨骼设备已准备好在现实世界中投入使用。It's a wearable robot that amplifies its user's strength.这是一款可穿戴机器人，可以增强用户的力量。Anybody who's wearing the Guardian Exo can lift up to 200 pounds.任何穿着“守护者”外骨骼设备的人都可以举起两百磅的重量。It really augments your strength, your performance. You move the way you normally would move.它确实能增强你的力量。你可以像平时一样活动。So if you were to go to grab something to lift it, that responds to your movement and gives you that strength to do that activity.如果你要去拿东西并把它举起来，它会响应你的动作并赋予你完成这项活动的力量。The Exo carries all the weight and transfers it through its legs to the ground, making 90 kilos feel like only 4.5.外骨骼承载所有重量并通过其腿部传递至地面，让90公斤感觉仅如4.5公斤。Whether you're big, strong, small, man or woman, you can do the same task.不管你是高大还是瘦小，也不论你是男是女，你都可以完成同样的任务。At a recent demonstration, audience members experienced how an Exo arm gives them super strength.在最近的一次演示中，观众亲身体验了外骨骼手臂如何赋予他们超强力量。Strapping in takes only a few minutes and once on board, the Exoskeleton responds to the user's body movements.穿戴只需几分钟，一旦佩戴齐全，外骨骼就会对使用者的身体动作做出反应。So this robot is very intuitive. It follows me, does what I do, I don't have to think about it. We have something we call get out of the way control.这个机器人非常直观。它跟着我，模仿我的动作，我都不用去想。我们有一种叫做让路控制的东西。What this allows is any operator to jump in and actually just move the way they normally would, and the robot is constantly getting out of their way.这样做能让任何操作人员直接上手，像平常一样自如移动，而机器人则会不断避让。The first Exos will find work in the military and the airline and construction industries.首批外骨骼将应用于军事、航空和建筑行业。The second most common reason for someone in this work is package.第二个最常见的应用行业是搬运。They're getting injured while they're lifting heavy equipment, while they're doing repetitive tasks,他们在搬运重型设备、进行重复性任务时会受伤，and the Exoskeleton can take the burden from the operator through the Exoskeleton and eliminate that injury.而外骨骼可以为操作人员减轻负担，避免受伤。Though the Guardian Exo would be useful for chores around the home,尽管守护者外骨骼在家务劳动中会很有用，for now it will be going to industries that can afford the $100,000 per year rental fee.但目前它将进入那些能负担每年10万美元租金的行业。

Farmers in Turkana Kenya face an existential crisis.肯尼亚图尔卡纳的农民面临着生存危机。For much of the past year out-of-control swarms of locusts have rampaged through this impoverished region,过去一年的大部分时间里，失控的蝗虫群在这片贫困地区肆虐，啃食大片庄稼，eating fields of crops and leaving little to sell or feed the farm animals.几乎没留下什么可以出售或喂养家畜的东西。Our elders talked about desert locusts, but this is the first time I've seen them.我们的长辈们谈论过沙漠蝗虫，但这是我第一次见到它们。A mother of seven Anna Amurai says locusts deprive animals of the food they need to produce the milk she serves to her family.七个孩子的母亲Anna Amurai说，蝗虫夺走了牲畜产奶所需的食物，而她正是用这些奶来供养家人的。It takes several days and we add water to the milk to make enough for the children.有好几天，我们在牛奶里加水，才够孩子们喝。Locusts have so far eaten as much as 20 percent of the crops in this region,截至目前，蝗虫已吃掉该地区多达20%的农作物，prompting the UN Food and Agriculture Organization to train local youth to monitor and report on locust migrations.促使联合国粮食及农业组织培训当地青年监测和汇报蝗虫的迁徙情况。Pastor and local livestock organization member Moses Areng cautiously puts hope in faith.牧师和当地家畜组织成员Moses Areng谨慎地将希望寄托于信仰。I know if the desert locusts disappear, and God gives us a little bit of rain, the pasture will return.如果沙漠蝗虫消失了，上天再降下一点雨水，牧场就会恢复生机。But if it doesn't rain for a month and the hoppers finish the pasture, the livestock will suffer and die from hunger and disease.但如果一个月不下雨，蝗虫吃光牧场，牲畜就会受苦受难，死于饥饿和疾病。Local agriculture officials say farmers alone cannot solve the locust infestation.当地农业官员说，仅靠农民无法解决蝗灾问题。They're calling for aid from the government and non-profit groups.他们呼吁政府和非营利组织提供援助。If more isn't done fast, experts say the people in East Africa could face food insecurity by December. 专家说，如果不尽快采取更多措施，东非人民将在十二月面临粮食短缺问题。

At this fitness clinic, a small group of Malaysians try to shed some excess weight.在这个健身诊所， 一小群马来西亚人试图减肥。Sarah Baharudin is 35 years old, 165 centimeters tall, and weighs 110 kilos.莎拉·巴哈鲁丁35岁了，身高165厘米，体重110公斤。I eat traditional Malay food, and it's high in fat and calorie. And then on top of that, I did not go for any you know active. I was not active.我吃传统的马来食物，它的脂肪和热量很高。除此之外，我没有进行任何锻炼。我不爱运动。I was not living an active lifestyle. I did not exercise. So you know, years after years of doing that and becomes obesity.我不锻炼。年复一年这样做就导致了肥胖。Her story is all too common across Malaysia. About half of the country's adults are overweight or obese.她的故事在马来西亚非常普遍。约一半的马来西亚成年人超重或肥胖。Dr. Noradhiah Tumirin, a physician and fitness trainer, says the country's obesity crisis is a key reason why the number of non-communicable diseases is growing.医生兼健身教练诺拉迪娅·图米林博士表示，该国的肥胖危机是非传染性疾病数量增加的关键原因。This obesity will lead to multiple illnesses such as hypertension, high cholesterol, heart illnesses, and diabetes.肥胖会导致多种疾病，如高血压、高胆固醇、心脏病和糖尿病。Kevin Zahri is one of Malaysia's leading fitness influencers. He founded a local weight loss movement called Jom Kurus, which translates to let's get thin or let's lose weight.凯文·扎赫里是马来西亚顶尖的健身网红之一。他发起了一项名为“Jom Kurus”的当地减肥活动，翻译过来就是“让我们变瘦”或“让我们减肥”。To help somebody not feel alone and jump on the bandwagon with a group of people who are of similar physical stature and of similar physical objectives, goals and desires.帮助某人不感到孤独，并加入一群身材相似、身体目标、愿望和渴望相似的人的行列。Every year thousands of Malaysians across the country join six-week-long Jom Kurus fitness camps.每年，全国成千上万的马来西亚人参加为期六周的Jom Kurus健身营。They meet several times a week for exercises and lessons on nutrition. Plus there are social media support groups.他们每周碰面几次，一起锻炼并学习营养知识。此外，还有社交媒体互助小组。Zahri says the average participant loses 4 to 5 kilos during the 6-week program, but the real goal is to get them to lead healthy lifestyles long after.扎赫里说，参与者在为期6周的项目中平均减重4到5公斤，但真正的目标是让他们在项目结束后长期保持健康的生活方式。We are hoping that the 6-week program can become the kick-start in the longevity of their journey. 我们希望这个为期六周的项目能成为他们漫长旅程的开端。That's what Sarah Baharudin is pushing for by getting on a regular exercise routine and improving her diet. I have decided to change my lifestyle into a healthier one.这就是莎拉·巴哈鲁丁通过坚持规律锻炼和改善饮食所追求的目标。我决定将自己的生活方式转变为更健康的方式。But while Jom Kurus and other fitness programs are helping Malaysians change their lifestyles, it's clear they're just scratching the surface of this nation's obesity crisis.但尽管Jom Kurus等健身计划正在帮助马来西亚人改变生活方式，显然这些举措只是触及了该国肥胖危机的表面问题。All said and done, the amount of people that we've targeted in comparison to the number of the population which are obese is still very very small.总而言之，与肥胖人群的数量相比，我们锁定的目标人群数量仍然非常非常少。Baharudin acknowledges changing lifelong habits is not easy, but says she's determined to make this the beginning of a new way of living.巴哈鲁丁承认改变一生的习惯并不容易，但她说她决心让这成为一种新生活方式的开端。

At the Computer History Museum in the heart of Silicon Valley, people gathered recently at the African Diaspora Investment Symposium to talk about the future of Africa business.在硅谷中心的计算机历史博物馆，人们最近齐聚非洲侨民投资研讨会，探讨非洲商业的未来。In the past, many Africans and especially people like me from the diaspora were not invited to the table to really discuss on issues that mattered for the continent.过去，许多非洲人，尤其是像我这样旅居海外的非洲人，没有被邀请参与真正讨论对非洲大陆至关重要的问题。So we said, well, what if we can just bring everyone together so we can have that discussion at the same table?我们就想，如果我们能把所有人聚到一起，让大家围坐一桌进行讨论，会怎么样呢？Remittances, money set by people living in the U.S. to family in Africa, has long been a key way to support the continent, speaker said.发言人表示，汇款，即居住在美国的人寄给非洲家人的钱，长期以来一直是支持非洲大陆的关键方式。But Negash and others said there are other uses of diaspora funds.但内加什和其他人表示，侨民资金还有其他用途。How do we scale remittances, so that it can also be invested in other people than our family, supporting startups?我们如何扩大汇款规模，以便除了资助自己的家人之外，还能将其投资于其他人，支持初创企业呢？While many investors and businesses want to come to Africa, it can be a challenge to navigate, which is why African nations have been working on the African continent of free trade area, said Joseph Mucheru, Google's first Sub-Saharan African lead and our minister in the Kenya government.谷歌首位撒哈拉以南非洲地区负责人、肯尼亚政府部长约瑟夫·穆切鲁表示，虽然许多投资者和企业希望来到非洲，但在这里开展业务可能是一项挑战，这就是为什么非洲国家一直在推进非洲大陆自由贸易区建设。How do they with the different regulations, different countries be able to get into the continent? So we are providing the platform that they can now use.他们如何应对不同的规定，不同国家的人怎样才能进入这个大陆呢？所以我们正在提供他们现在可以使用的平台。They come, and as part of the continental free-trade area, they are able to then go to many of the other different markets.他们来了后，作为非洲大陆自由贸易区的一部分，他们随后能够进入许多其他不同的市场。For the roughly 50 African entrepreneurs attending the event, this was an opportunity to pitch their businesses.对于参加活动的约50名非洲企业家来说，这是一个推介他们企业的机会。Aboubacar Komara, an architect from Guinea, is working on a housing startup.来自几内亚的建筑师Aboubacar Komara正在为一家住房初创公司工作。We're implicating people in the process of actually building their homes, you know.我们实际上是在让人们参与建造自己家园的过程中。We want to change the concept of what is architecture because architecture has a lot to do with your identity.我们想改变建筑的概念，因为建筑与你的身份认同有很大关系。Neile Nkholise is the chief executive of a sports technology company in South Africa.Neile Nkholise是南非一家体育科技公司的首席执行官。We have a smart wearable that are sewn into the garments around the joint ankles of the athletes' garments.我们有一款智能可穿戴设备，被缝制在运动员服装的脚踝关节周围。Barbara Birungi Mutabazi runs Uganda Women In Technology, which trains female students and young women for technology jobs like coding.芭芭拉·比伦吉·穆塔巴齐运营着乌干达女性科技组织，该组织为女学生和年轻女性提供编程等科技类工作的培训。Yeah, I made some really good connections especially in terms of funding, fundraising. And I'm proud to be a second generation family business leader.我建立了一些非常好的人脉关系，尤其是在资金筹集方面。我很自豪能成为家族企业的第二代领导者。For many of the attendees, the event was a welcome chance to talk about Africa's successes.对许多与会者来说，这次活动是一个谈论非洲成就的好机会。Thelma Ekiyor runs a Nigeria-based business accelerator and an investment fund for women-run businesses.塞尔玛·埃基约尔经营着一家总部位于尼日利亚的商业加速器，以及一个面向女性经营企业的投资基金。"I think one of the problems that Africans had for years is we tend not to talk about the progress and the developments that are happening on the continent,我认为非洲人多年来面临的一个问题是，我们往往不去谈论这片大陆上正在发生的进步和发展。So it's been a pleasure to come here and share with people that live here in the valley about the work that we're doing.很高兴能来到这里，和在硅谷生活的人们分享我们正在做的工作。The connections made at this event can be long lasting as people look for ways to be part of the burgeoning African business sector. 由于人们在寻找融入蓬勃发展的非洲商业领域的途径，在此次活动中建立的人脉关系可能会持续很久。

Grueling work for little pay, that's the daily reality for millions of children across Africa.做着辛苦的工作，报酬却十分微薄，这就是非洲数百万儿童的日常写照。The International Labour Organization estimates about 73 million children in Africa are sent out to work because of widespread poverty, insufficient access to education and conflict, some as young as five years old.国际劳工组织估计，非洲约有7300万儿童因普遍贫困、教育机会不足和冲突而被送去工作，有些年仅五岁。What we're talking about is work that puts their future in jeopardy whether because their health is on the line.我们谈论的是危及他们未来的工作，无论是由于他们的健康受到威胁。They're working in mines, for example, where the imminent danger of a mine collapse or death.例如，他们在矿井里工作，那里随时可能发生矿井坍塌甚至有生命危险。Murtada Al-Haj left school in Sudan when he was 12. For him, it was a choice between study or feeding his family.穆尔塔达·哈吉12岁时就离开了苏丹的学校。对他来说，这是在学习和养活家人之间做出的选择。My mother kept telling me in the future and when our life gets better and not get worse, I'll study and become a doctor. But all of a sudden, the whole situation occurred in Sudan.我妈妈一直告诉我，将来等我们的生活变好而不是更糟时，我会去学习并成为一名医生。但突然间，苏丹的整个局势发生了变化。According to the ILO, 85 percent of Africa's child labourers work in agriculture.根据国际劳工组织的数据，非洲85%的童工从事农业劳动。Across all sectors, many are subject to backbreaking labor, long hours and exposure to dangerous environments. Rights advocates say injuries are not the only problem.在所有行业中，许多人都要承受繁重的劳动、长时间工作，还要暴露在危险的环境中。权益倡导者表示，受伤并非唯一的问题。There are other negative aspects because the children's self-esteem is low. Because all the time he faces insults, he has a low self-esteem.还有其他负面影响，因为孩子的自尊心很低。因为他一直面对侮辱，所以自尊心很低。Because all the time the factory's owner insults him, makes him feel that he is less than anyone. So you are already bringing up a generation that has no self confidence.因为工厂老板一直在侮辱他，让他觉得自己不如任何人。所以你正在培养一代没有自信的人。Experts say putting kids to work is no solution to extreme poverty.专家说，让孩子们工作并不能解决极端贫困问题。They don't have the opportunity to get an education and learn those skills that would enable them to get a decent job and become productive workers when they're older.他们没有机会接受教育，学习那些技能，这些技能能让他们在长大后找到一份体面的工作，成为有生产力的工人。Several African governments including Ivory Coast, Mali, Rwanda and Nigeria have taken steps to address the worst form of child labor, but it's not enough.包括科特迪瓦、马里、卢旺达和尼日利亚在内的多个非洲国家政府已采取措施解决性质最为恶劣的童工问题，但这还不够。Poverty, illiteracy and cultural belief, religious prejudices, these are some of the reasons that I was actually affected, you know, the efficacy.贫穷、文盲、文化观念和宗教偏见，这些问题我都曾经遭受过，我可以感同身受。Major U.S. companies including Apple, Google, Hershey's and Nestle USA have come under fire for allegedly failing to combat child labor in their supply chains.包括苹果、谷歌、好时和雀巢在内的美国主要公司因被指控未能解决供应链中的童工问题而受到抨击。The companies say they're committed to responsible sourcing that prohibits the use of child labor.这些公司表示，他们致力于负责任的采购，杜绝聘用童工。The UN's goal is to end child labour by 2025, an ambitious goal for our continent with the highest rates of child labor in the world. 联合国的目标是到2025年消除童工现象，这对我们这个拥有全球最高童工率的洲来说，这是一个雄心勃勃的目标。