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In 2024, the number of babies born in South Korea increased for the first time in nine years. The change is welcome news for a country that is dealing with serious population problems.2024年，韩国出生的婴儿人数九年来首次增加。 对于一个正在处理严重人口问题的国家来说，这一变化是可喜的消息。South Korea's statistics agency said recently that 238,300 babies were born last year, an increase of 8,300 from a year earlier.韩国统计局最近表示，去年有238,300名婴儿出生，比去年同期增加了8300名。The agency said the country's fertility rate — the average number of babies born to each woman in her reproductive years — was 0.75 in 2024, up from 0.72 in 2023.该机构表示，该国的生育率 - 在生殖年中每个妇女出生的婴儿的平均数量 - 2024年为0.75，高于2023年的0.72。The data represents the first time that the yearly number of births has increased since 2015.数据代表自2015年以来每年的出生人数首次增加。Choi Yoon Kyung is an expert with the Korea Institute of Child Care and Education. Choi told the Associated Press that researchers must wait for more data over the next few years to see if increased births were driven by “structural changes.”Choi Yoon Kyung是韩国儿童保育和教育研究所的专家。 崔告诉美联社，研究人员必须在接下来的几年中等待更多数据，以查看增加的出生是否是由“结构性变化”驱动的。Park Hyun Jung is with the government agency Statistics Korea. Park said the agency believes the rise is partly due to an increase in marriages following postponements of such plans during the COVID-19 pandemic.公园贤荣（Park Hyun Jung）与韩国政府机构统计局一起。 帕克说，该机构认为，这一崛起的部分原因是婚姻推迟在19009年大流行期间婚姻的增加。Park said another reason for the increase is that a growing number of people entered their early 30s. She also noted a government study that shows a small increase in the number of young people hoping to have children after marriage.帕克说，增加的另一个原因是越来越多的人进入了30多岁。 她还指出，一项政府研究表明，希望结婚后生孩子的年轻人数量少了。Official data show South Korea's fertility rate has been the lowest in the developed world in recent years. In 2022, South Korea was the only country with a fertility rate below one, among members of the Paris-based Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.官方数据显示，韩国的生育率近年来一直是发达国家的最低水平。 2022年，韩国是总部位于巴黎的经济合作与发展组织成员中唯一一个低于生育率的国家。The low fertility rate could threaten South Korea's economic health. The country, Asia's fourth largest economy, could face labor shortages and greater spending on public assistance programs. South Korea's central and local governments have been increasingly offering several support programs to those who give birth to children.低生育率可能威胁到韩国的经济健康。 该国是亚洲第四大经济体，可能面临劳动力短缺和在公共援助计划上的支出。 韩国的中央和地方政府越来越多地向那些生下儿童的人提供几个支持计划。But experts say that it will be difficult to solve the country's population problems. Many young people say they do not want to have babies. Their reasons include costly housing, low levels of upward social movement, the high costs of raising and educating children, and a culture that requires women to do more of the childcare.但是专家说，解决该国的人口问题将很难。 许多年轻人说他们不想生婴儿。 他们的原因包括昂贵的住房，较低的向上社会运动，养育和教育儿童的高昂成本以及一种要求妇女做更多育儿的文化。Park said that the fertility rate will likely stay on an upward movement at least for another year. But observers say it remains to be seen whether the rate will go back down as post-pandemic marriages even out. The country's population structure will also change, with a drop in the number of people in their early 30s.帕克说，生育率至少可能会持续一年。 但是观察者说，随着大流行后的婚姻甚至均匀的婚姻，这一比率是否会降低。 该国的人口结构也将发生变化，30多岁的人数减少。Some experts argue that the government should pay more attention to supporting young couples who want to have babies.一些专家认为，政府应该更加关注支持婴儿的年轻夫妇。“There are still people with solid wills to have a family and babies. When we help them realize their hopes, our fertility rate won't suffer a steep, 45-degree drop,” Choi said.崔说：“仍然有稳固的遗嘱拥有一个家庭和婴儿。当我们帮助他们意识到自己的希望时，我们的生育率不会遭受陡峭的45度下降。”

Prehistoric people may have hunted and killed other members of their own species and eaten them, but probably not for food.史前的人可能已经狩猎并杀死了自己物种的其他成员并食用它们，但可能不是为了食物。That is what a new study written by James Cole of the University of Brighton in England says. Cole says compared to large animals, humans do not provide much food. His study was published in the journal Scientific Reports.这就是英格兰布莱顿大学的詹姆斯·科尔（James Cole）撰写的一项新研究。 科尔说，与大型动物相比，人类没有提供太多食物。 他的研究发表在《科学报告》杂志上。Cole studied nine places where fossils have been found and where researchers have found evidence of cannibalism. Such signs include cutting marks on the bones.科尔研究了发现化石的九个地方，研究人员发现了食人的证据。 这样的迹象包括在骨骼上切割痕迹。Scientists dated the sites to between 14,000 and more than 900,000 years ago. That is the so-called Paleolithic period, also known as the Stone Age.科学家将这些地点的日期约为14,000至90万年前。 那是所谓的旧石器时代，也称为石器时代。Five of the sites had Neanderthal fossils, the remains of earlier human ancestors. Two sites had fossils of prehistoric members of our own species and the others had fossils from much earlier human ancestors.其中五个地点有尼安德特人的化石，这是较早的人类祖先的遗迹。 两个地点有我们自己物种的史前成员的化石，而其他物种的化石是从较早的人类祖先的化石。Cole estimated how many calories each of the bodies at each site had. He used earlier studies that found eating an average-sized modern-day human could provide up to 144,000 calories. He then made his estimates, based on the ages of the bodies at the sites.科尔估计每个地点的每个尸体都有多少卡路里。 他使用了早期的研究，发现一个普通大小的现代人类可以提供多达144,000卡路里的热量。 然后，他根据现场的尸体年龄进行了估计。The researcher found that the hunters would not get as much energy from the humans as they would from one large animal -- like a mammoth, a woolly rhino or a bear. So, Cole asked, why would the early humans hunt and kill their own species?研究人员发现，猎人不会从人类那里得到像从一只大动物那样的能量 - 例如猛mm，羊毛犀牛或熊。 因此，科尔问，为什么早期的人类会狩猎和杀死自己的物种？“You're dealing with an animal that is as smart as you are, as resourceful as you are, and can fight back in the way you fight them,” Cole noted.科尔指出：“您正在与像自己一样聪明的动物打交道，像您一样足智多谋，可以反击他们的方式。”He says our ancestors may have eaten members of their species who had died because they did not have to be hunted. But he says cannibalism probably took place for reasons other than the need for food. He said it could have happened after times of violence or to defend territory.他说，我们的祖先可能已经吃掉了死亡的物种成员，因为他们不必被猎杀。 但是他说，出于食物的需要，可能是出于其他原因而发生的。 他说，这可能是在暴力或捍卫领土后发生的。Tim White of the University of California, Berkeley and Paola Villa of the University of Colorado Museum in Boulder said they do not know any scientists who believe our ancestors hunted each other for food. In an email, Villa said the new study “does not change our general understanding of human cannibalism.”加州大学，伯克利分校的蒂姆·怀特（Tim White）和博尔德分校博物馆的波拉维拉（Paola Villa）说，他们不认识任何科学家相信我们的祖先互相追捕食物。 维拉在一封电子邮件中说，这项新研究“不会改变我们对人类食人的一般理解”。But Palmira Saladie, of the Catalan Institute for Human Paleoecology and Social Evolution near Barcelona, Spain, said Cole's study “will undoubtedly be key in the interpretation of new sites (and) the reevaluation of old interpretations.”但是西班牙巴塞罗那附近的加泰罗尼亚人类古生态学与社会进化研究所的帕尔米拉·沙拉（Palmira Saladie）表示，科尔的研究“无疑将是对新地点的解释（和）重新评估旧解释的关键。”In an email, she wrote that, to understand why our ancestors sometimes ate each other, “we still have a long way to go.”她在一封电子邮件中写道，要理解为什么我们的祖先有时会互相吃，“我们还有很长的路要走。”

Evidence of one of the last dinosaurs to live in Africa has been discovered in Morocco.在摩洛哥发现了最后一个居住在非洲的恐龙之一的证据。A fossilized dinosaur jawbone was recovered at a mine, which is about 100 kilometers west of the city of Marrakesh.在马拉喀什市以西约100公里处回收了一个化石的恐龙颚骨。Researchers say the bone belonged to a creature they are calling Chenanisaurus Barbaricus.研究人员说，骨头属于他们称为Chenanisaurus barbaricus的生物。Dinosaurs lived between about 230 and 65 million years ago. Then they died out. Scientists think an asteroid -- a huge rock from space – struck the Earth's surface 66 million years ago.恐龙的生活在大约230至6500万年前。 然后他们消失了。 科学家认为，一只小行星 - 一块来自太空的巨大岩石 - 在6600万年前袭击了地球的表面。They believe this event led to the disappearance of dinosaurs on our planet. This marked the end of the time period known as the Cretaceous Period.他们认为，这一事件导致恐龙在我们地球上消失。 这标志着被称为白垩纪时期的时间段的终结。Nick Longrich identified the new dinosaur species. Longrich is a paleontologist at the University of Bath. He says what is important about the discovery is that it shows how Africa had its own dinosaurs.尼克·朗里希（Nick Longrich）确定了新的恐龙物种。 朗里希（Longrich）是巴斯大学（University of Bath）的古生物学家。 他说，这一发现重要的是它表明了非洲如何拥有自己的恐龙。"We have a pretty good picture of the dinosaurs from North America for this time period. For example, Triceratops and T. Rex are part of this fauna, this sort of twilight fauna of the last dinosaurs on Earth. But we don't have a good picture of what's going on in the rest of the world and we know almost nothing about the African dinosaurs from this time period."“我们对这一时期的北美恐龙有很好的了解。例如，三角龙和霸王龙是这个动物群的一部分，属于地球上最后的恐龙的暮色动物群。但我们对世界其他地方正在发生的事情没有很好的了解，而且我们对这一时期的非洲恐龙几乎一无所知。”“在这个时期，我们对来自北美的恐龙有很好的了解。Nick Longrich thinks the Chenanisaurus was similar in appearance to the larger Tyrannosaurus Rex, also called T. Rex. But there were differences.尼克·朗里希（Nick Longrich）认为，chenanisaurus的外观与较大的霸王龙相似，也称为T. Rex。 但是有差异。The Chenanisaurus had a shorter snout than the T. Rex. The area around its nose and mouth were not as big.Chenanisaurus的鼻子比T. Rex短。 鼻子和嘴巴周围的区域不那么大。Longrich suspects that the T. Rex probably had feathers like a bird, but the Chenanisaurus did not. He also thinks the Chenanisaurus was less intelligent than the T. Rex because it had a smaller brain.朗里希（Longrich）怀疑雷克斯（T. 他还认为Chenanisaurus比T. Rex聪明，因为它的大脑较小。Longrich said researchers know the fossil comes from a dinosaur bone because of the teeth. Dinosaur teeth are usually serrated, pressured from side to side.朗里希（Longrich）说，研究人员知道，由于牙齿，化石来自恐龙骨。 恐龙的牙齿通常是锯齿状的，一侧到另一侧是压力。In addition, the edges of the teeth were rounded, as if they bit into bone. This suggests that the Chenanisaurus, like the T. Rex, hunted for its food.另外，牙齿的边缘被圆形，好像它们咬在骨头上一样。 这表明，像T. Rex一样，Chenanisaurus狩猎了食物。For Longrich, the fossil discovery in Morocco is evidence for the theory of mass extinction of the dinosaurs.对于朗里希来说，摩洛哥的化石发现是恐龙大规模灭绝理论的证据。"It's interesting to see evidence confirming that dinosaurs remained successful and the fauna stayed pretty stable up until the end of the Cretaceous period in Africa. So I think there is no evidence as far as I'm concerned of a decline in dinosaur diversity approaching the extinction, and if it hadn't been for this asteroid, we'd probably still have dinosaurs here today."“很有趣的是，证据证明恐龙仍然取得成功，而动物群一直保持稳定，直到非洲的白垩纪结束时。因此，我认为没有证据表明，就我关注恐龙多样性的下降而接近灭绝的证据，如果没有这种小争吵，我们可能仍然在这里。”

The method used, known as oral immunotherapy, has already been successful in children and babies with peanut allergies. But it wasn't clear if adult allergies, which are more embedded, could be treated the same way.这个试验所使用的方法被称为口服免疫疗法，这种治疗方法已经在对花生过敏的儿童和婴幼儿中取得了成功。但研究者们尚不清楚的是，对于成年人更加根深蒂固的过敏症来说同样的疗法是否有效。At the start of the small trial, participants were given tiny doses of peanut powder mixed with food. And over many months, the quantities were gradually increased to whole nuts. All this happened under strict medical supervision.在这个小规模试验开始时，受试者被要求服下混在食物中的微量花生粉末。在接下来的数月中，花生粉末的量逐步增加到相当于整颗花生的含量。试验过程始终在严格的医学监督下进行。By the end of the trial, the average dose tolerated had increased by one hundred-fold with patients able to eat out, socialise and travel without worry. This is early research, and larger trials are now needed to find out more about who could benefit from this approach in the long run.到试验结束时，受试者对花生的平均耐受剂量提升了 100 倍，并且可以在外出就餐、社交和旅行时不必再担心出现过敏反应。这是早期的研究结果，而现在研究人员需要进行更大规模的研究来判断哪些人能长期受益于这项治疗方法。

Pretty, sparkly, and really hard to get rid of. Forms of glitter have been used for decoration since at least Aztec times and can be found on ornaments, clothes, greeting cards and cosmetics. However, today's glitter is often made of plastic, and this makes it more dangerous than it appears.漂亮，闪闪发光，真的很难摆脱。 从至少AZTEC时代开始，闪光的形式已被用于装饰，可以在装饰品，衣服，贺卡和化妆品上找到。 但是，今天的闪光通常是由塑料制成的，这使其比看起来更危险。Pieces of glitter are often washed into the water system, and from there into seas and rivers. Here, they become microplastic pollution. Fish often mistake small plastic particles for food and eat them. When something low in the food chain is eaten by predators, they also consume the microplastics left in their prey. If we eat seafood, that includes us. While there are still questions about the impact of this, microplastics have been linked with issues including DNA damage, organ dysfunction and cardiovascular problems. It's been estimated that humans may ingest between 74,000 and 121,000 microplastic particles each year.经常将片闪光从水系统冲入水系统，然后从那里进入海洋和河流。 在这里，它们成为微塑料污染。 鱼经常将小塑料颗粒误认为食物并食用。 当食物链中的食物链中的某些东西被掠食者食用时，他们还消耗了猎物中留下的微塑料。 如果我们吃海鲜，那包括我们。 尽管仍然存在有关此影响的问题，但微塑料与包括DNA损伤，器官功能障碍和心血管问题在内的问题有关。 据估计，人类每年可能摄入74,000至121,000个微塑料颗粒。Glitter only makes up a tiny part of the microplastics found in the ocean, but it can be particularly harmful. Firstly, while most microplastics in marine environments are formed by large pieces of plastic breaking down, glitter is manufactured as a microplastic. It is also made up of several different compounds which can leach toxins into the surrounding environment.闪光只构成了海洋中发现的微塑料的很小一部分，但它可能特别有害。 首先，尽管海洋环境中的大多数微型塑料都是由大量塑料分解而成的，但闪光是作为微型塑料制造的。 它也由几种不同的化合物组成，可以将毒素浸入周围环境中。Additionally, a recent study has suggested that glitter particles can encourage the formation of certain mineral crystals, changing the chemistry of the environment around them. Not only could this affect how sea life produces shells and skeletons, but the crystals can break up the particles further, forming nanoplastics. These are even more likely to be absorbed by marine organisms.此外，最近的一项研究表明，闪光颗粒可以鼓励形成某些矿物晶体，改变周围环境的化学性质。 这不仅会影响海洋生物产生壳和骨骼的方式，而且晶体可以进一步分解颗粒，形成纳米塑料。 这些甚至更有可能被海洋生物吸收。Biodegradable alternatives have been developed, although some studies suggest that these could be just as harmful. Maybe we should just find a different way to make decorations.已经开发了可生物降解的替代方法，尽管一些研究表明这些替代方法可能同样有害。 也许我们应该找到一种制作装饰的不同方法。

Scientists recently announced the discovery of a small, bird-like dinosaur from China which had unusual, colorful feathers.科学家最近宣布发现了一种来自中国的小鸟般的恐龙，这些恐龙具有不寻常的羽毛。The scientists named the dinosaur Caihong, the Mandarin word for rainbow. They discovered the nearly complete and almost entirely undamaged fossil in Hebei Province.科学家将恐龙Caihong命名为彩虹的普通话。 他们发现了河北省几乎完整而几乎完全未受损的化石。Microscopic structures in the fossil suggest that the creature had wide, shiny feathers. The feathers mostly covered the dinosaur's head and upper body. The colors of those feather would have appeared to change depending on how the light hit them.化石中的微观结构表明该生物具有宽阔的羽毛。 羽毛大多覆盖了恐龙的头和上身。 这些羽毛的颜色似乎会根据光的击中方式而改变。The colorful dinosaur lived 161 million years ago during the Jurassic Period of earth's history.五颜六色的恐龙生活在地球历史的侏罗纪时期的16100万年前。Chad Eliason is an evolutionary biologist with the Field Museum in Chicago, Illinois. He helped write the study announcing the discovery in the scientific publication Nature Communications. Eliason told the Reuters news service that the discovery “suggests a more colorful Jurassic World than we previously imagined.”乍得·埃里亚森（Chad Eliason）是伊利诺伊州芝加哥田间博物馆的进化生物学家。 他帮助撰写了这项研究，宣布了科学出版物自然传播中的发现。 埃里亚森（Eliason）告诉路透社新闻服务（Reuters News Service），这一发现“暗示了比我们以前想象的要多彩的侏罗纪世界。”The scientists used powerful microscopes to identify the remains of the cell structures responsible for the apparent color of the feathers. The shape of those structures appears to have influenced what color the feathers would have. Round-shaped structures in the Caihong fossil show that it had feathers similar to that of a modern day hummingbird.科学家使用强大的显微镜来识别负责羽毛表观颜色的细胞结构的残留物。 这些结构的形状似乎影响了羽毛的颜色。 Caihong化石中的圆形结构表明，它的羽毛类似于现代蜂鸟。Much of Caihong's body had dark feathers. The shiny, color-changing feathers covered its head and neck. The dinosaur had many bird-like qualities. But researchers doubt that it could actually fly.Caihong的大部分身体都有深色的羽毛。 闪亮的，变色的羽毛覆盖了头和脖子。 恐龙具有许多类似鸟类的品质。 但是研究人员怀疑它实际上可以飞行。Its feathers could have served the purpose of gaining the attention of sexual partners while also providing protection from heat and cold.它的羽毛本来可以实现的目的是吸引性伴侣的注意力，同时还可以保护热和寒冷。Caihong was two-legged and had a long, narrow head with sharp teeth. It had boney crests above its eyes, and it hunted other, smaller animals for food.凯恩（Caihong）是两腿，头部狭窄，牙齿锋利。 它的眼睛上方有骨冠，并猎杀了其他较小的动物作为食物。Scientists say many dinosaurs had feathers. Birds evolved from small feathered dinosaurs near the end of the Jurassic Period.科学家说，许多恐龙有羽毛。 鸟类从侏罗纪时期结束后附近的小羽毛恐龙演变而来。Caihong had two kinds of feathers. It also is the earliest-known creature with feathers that did not have the same shape on both sides. This is a physical quality that modern birds have and use to direct themselves while flying.Caihong有两种羽毛。 它也是最早的生物，羽毛在两侧的形状都不相同。 这是现代鸟类在飞行时指导自己的身体品质。The unevenly shaped feathers on Caihong were on its tail. This suggests that tail feathers, not arm feathers, were first used to improve movement through the air in flying dinosaurs, scientists said.Caihong上不均匀的羽毛在其尾部。 科学家说，这表明尾羽羽毛而不是手臂羽毛首先是用于改善飞行恐龙的空气运动。Xing Xu is a paleontologist with the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Xing Xu said, “It is extremely similar to some early birds such as Archaeopteryx.” Archaeopteryx is the earliest known bird. It is believed to have lived 150 million years ago.Xing Xu是中国科学院的古生物学家。 Xing Xu说：“这与一些早期鸟类（例如Archeopteryx）非常相似。” Archeopteryx是最早已知的鸟。 据信它已经居住了1.5亿年前。“To be honest, I am not sure what function the feathers have,” Xing Xu added. “And I don't think that you can completely exclude the possibility that the feathers helped the animal to get in the air.”Xu Xu补充说：“老实说，我不确定羽毛的功能。” “而且我认为您不能完全排除羽毛帮助动物启动的可能性。”The dinosaur's full scientific name is Caihong juji, which means “rainbow with a big crest.”恐龙的完整科学名称是Caihong Juji，意思是“带有大冠的彩虹”。

There are hundreds of thousands of Mexican axolotls in laboratories and home aquariums around the world, studied for their remarkable ability to regrow any lost limb. But in their native wetlands in Xochimilco in Mexico City, the population has been decimated by pollution and invasive species.数十万只美西螈被饲养在全球各地的实验室和家庭鱼缸中，人们借此研究它们非凡的肢体再生能力。然而，在它们的原生栖息地，墨西哥城的索奇米尔科湿地，野生美西螈的数量因污染和外来物种的入侵而大幅减少。Now, though, researchers who've bred axolotls in captivity have taken a major step towards bringing them back. The team released a small group at two sites in the city's wetland. They fitted the amphibians with radio trackers so they could follow their progress.不过现在，圈养和繁育美西螈的研究人员向将它们放归自然的方向迈出了重要的一步。研究团队将一小群美西螈放归至墨西哥城湿地的两处地区。研究人员为它们装上了无线电追踪器，以便追踪它们的生长情况。All 18 animals have survived, and a few that were recaptured had gained weight, showing that despite being raised in tanks, they were now hunting. It's early days, but if the wild axolotl can be saved in a city of more than 20 million people, scientists say that will be a symbolic success story.↳被放归的 18 只美西螈全部存活了下来，其中一些被重新捕获的个体的体重也增加了，这表明尽管这些美西螈之前被圈养在水缸中，但它们现在已开始进行捕猎。虽然实验尚处在早期阶段，但科学家表示，如果野生美西螈可以在一个人口超过 2000 万的城市中生存下来，那这将是一个标志性的成功案例。

From painted foam pieces resembling delicious feasts to engineered weather, the magic of film relies on hidden details unknown and usually invisible to the unsuspecting viewer. So, let's explore some of the most fascinating behind-the-scenes tricks of the big screen.从类似美味的盛宴到工程天气的彩绘泡沫碎片，电影的魔力取决于隐藏的细节未知，通常是毫无戒心的观众。 因此，让我们探索大屏幕上一些最迷人的幕后花样。Screen trickery and cinematic illusions are a huge part of what brings stories to life, and set is key to this. Consider period dramas like Sherlock and Peaky Blinders – both TV programmes changed modern street furniture like lampposts and signs by covering them up with facades or temporary structures. Cobbled streets, a staple of many historical dramas, can be created using plastic or rubber floor tiles, which are lightweight and therefore quick to lay down and remove.屏幕骗局和电影幻觉是将故事带入生活的重要组成部分，而设定是这样的关键。 考虑一下夏洛克和Peaky Blinders等时期戏剧 - 两个电视节目都通过用立面或临时结构遮盖了现代街头家具，例如灯柱和标志。 可以使用塑料或橡胶地板瓷砖制作的许多历史戏剧的鹅卵石街道，这是许多历史戏剧，它们是轻巧的，因此很快放下和移除。But sometimes it's not just part of a set that's made, but the entire thing. A team of 86 artists and model makers built an incredibly detailed miniature model of Hogwarts, the wizarding school in the Harry Potter series. It was easier to create this than to build a real castle, and was especially used for sweeping shots of the castle's exterior.但是有时候，这不仅是制造的集合的一部分，而且是整个事情。 由86家艺术家和模特制造商组成的团队建立了一个令人难以置信的详细霍格沃茨（Hogwarts）的微型模型，这是哈利·波特（Harry Potter）系列的巫师学校。 创建它比建造真正的城堡要容易，而且特别用于扫地城堡外部的镜头。It's even possible to control the weather. Filmmakers creating a rain scene generally don't use real rain, partly because you can't control it, but also because natural rain doesn't show up on camera very well. This is because the water droplets are too small, so rain machines that create bigger droplets are often used. Combine that with a dramatic backlight and the rain will glisten on screen. This was likely a technique used in The Matrix, possibly alongside CGI, in the final fight scene between Agent Smith and Neo, which takes place in a torrential downpour.甚至有可能控制天气。 电影制片人创造一个雨场通常不会使用真正的雨，部分原因是您无法控制它，而且因为自然雨在相机上的出现并不能很好地显示在相机上。 这是因为水滴太小了，因此经常使用产生更大液滴的雨机。 将其与戏剧性的背光结合在一起，雨将闪烁在屏幕上。 这可能是在矩阵中使用的一种技术，可能与CGI一起使用，在经纪人史密斯和Neo之间的最后战斗场景中，这是在倾盆大雨中发生的。So next time you're watching a movie, remember the movie magic – you can't believe everything you see!因此，下次您看电影时，请记住电影魔术 - 您无法相信您所看到的一切！

Genetic material from a 10,000-year-old skeleton suggests the oldest-known Briton had dark skin and blue eyes.来自10，000年历史的骨骼的遗传物质表明，最古老的英国人的皮肤和蓝色的眼睛是蓝色的。Scientists from Britain's Natural History Museum and University College London reported the finding Wednesday after studying the remains of an individual known as “Cheddar Man.”来自英国自然历史博物馆和伦敦大学学院的科学家在研究了一个被称为“切达男子”的人的遗体后，周三报告了这一发现。The skeleton was discovered over a century ago. It was found inside a large hole in the Cheddar Gorge area of southwest England.骨骼是一个多世纪前发现的。 它被发现在英格兰西南切达峡谷地区的一个大洞中。The researchers cut a hole into the skull of the human remains and removed DNA from bone powder.研究人员将一个孔切入了人类遗体的头骨，并从骨粉中除去了DNA。The letters DNA are short for the term deoxyribonucleic acid. Scientists call it the chemical of life.字母DNA对于脱氧核糖核酸术语而言是短的。 科学家称其为生命的化学物质。DNA is made up of genes. Genes, like letters in words, carry a huge amount of information. They tell cells how to make all the materials for life.DNA由基因组成。 基因，就像单词中的字母一样，都带有大量信息。 他们告诉细胞如何制造生命的所有材料。The British scientists say their tests showed Cheddar Man had dark, wavy hair, blue eyes and "dark to black" skin color.英国科学家说，他们的测试表明，切达干酪的男人有黑暗的波浪，蓝眼睛和“深色至黑色”的肤色。The researchers say the evidence suggests that Europeans' light skin coloring developed much later than experts had thought.研究人员说，证据表明，欧洲人的浅色肤色比专家想象的要晚得多。Cheddar Man overturns people's expectations of what kinds of genetic qualities go together, said Tom Booth, who worked on the project.从事该项目的汤姆·布斯（Tom Booth）说，切达（Cheddar）的人推翻了人们对遗传品质的期望。"It seems that pale eyes entered Europe long before pale skin or blond hair, which didn't come along until after the arrival of farming," he added.他补充说：“看来苍白的眼睛在淡淡的皮肤或金色的头发之前很久就进入了欧洲，直到耕种到来后才出现。”Some experts believe that ancient humans who lived in extreme northern areas may have developed light colored skin. They note light skin is able to take in more sunlight than darker skin. Sunlight is required for the body to produce vitamin D.一些专家认为，住在极端北部地区的古代人可能会形成浅色的皮肤。 他们指出，皮肤比较暗的皮肤更能吸收阳光。 人体产生维生素D需要阳光D。Cheddar Man shares genetic similarities with other human remains found in Spain, Hungary and Luxembourg. All those individuals lived in the Mesolithic Period, also known as the Middle Stone Age Period. The group, known as Western Hunter-Gatherers, moved to Europe from the Middle East after the last Ice Age, about 12,000 years ago.切达曼（Cheddar Man）与西班牙，匈牙利和卢森堡发现的其他人类遗体有遗传相似之处。 所有这些人都生活在中石器时代，也称为中石时代。 该组织被称为西方狩猎者，在最后一个冰河时代（大约12，000年前）从中东移居欧洲。The Associated Press says Cheddar Man is the oldest complete skeleton found in Britain. Human beings had lived on the island off and on for thousands of years before his time, but they disappeared during periodic ice ages.美联社说，切达干酪是在英国发现的最古老的完整骨骼。 人类在他的时间之前已经在岛上生活了数千年，但他们在定期冰上消失了。Cheddar Man would have been one of a very small population of hunter-gatherers in Britain at the time. Scientists, who have been studying his skeleton, say he appears to have had a healthy diet but died in his 20s, possibly through violence.当时，切达干酪人本来就是英国很少的狩猎采集者之一。 一直在研究骨骼的科学家说，他似乎饮食健康，但在20多岁时死亡，可能是由于暴力行为。

Scientists have discovered evidence that some of the earliest members of the human race, Homo sapiens, were surprisingly advanced.科学家发现了证据表明，人类最早的人智人（Homo Sapiens）令人惊讶地先进。Scientists say these early humans knew how to use color pigments found in nature, create advanced tools and trade for supplies with other groups of people.科学家说，这些早期的人知道如何使用自然界中发现的颜色色素，创建高级工具和与其他人群的供应。A report on the discovery was published recently in the journal Science.该发现的报告最近发表在《科学》杂志上。The scientists said they examined artifacts recovered from southern Kenya. Some of the objects are said to date back to 320,000 years ago. They are about the same age as the earliest-known Homo sapiens fossils found in other parts of Africa.科学家说，他们检查了从肯尼亚南部回收的文物。 据说其中一些物体可以追溯到320，000年前。 它们与在非洲其他地区发现的最早著名的智人化石大约相同。In the report, the researchers described an ochre pigment that produced a bright-red color. They say this pigment could have been used for body painting. They also found tools made from obsidian, a volcanic rock that can have an extremely sharp edge.在报告中，研究人员描述了一种产生鲜红色颜色的Ocher色素。 他们说这种颜料本可以用于人体彩绘。 他们还发现了用黑曜石制成的工具，这是一种火山岩，可以具有极为锋利的边缘。The researchers found evidence of obsidian being transported to the Olorgesailie Basin, up to 88 kilometers away from where the rock was found. This discovery led the scientists to believe it had come from another group through trade. But they did not know what was provided in exchange for the obsidian.研究人员发现，黑曜石被运送到距离发现岩石的88公里的Olorgesailie盆地的证据。 这一发现使科学家认为它是通过贸易来自另一个群体的。 但是他们不知道为黑曜石换取了什么。The researchers said the findings show developments in technology and social structures unexpected so early in human history.研究人员说，调查结果表明，在人类历史的早期，技术和社会结构方面的发展。Rick Potts is a paleoanthropologist and director of the Human Origins Program at the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History in Washington D.C. He believes that these newly identified mental and social abilities — including recognition of “distant groups, use of pigments and technologies including projectile points — were at the foundation of our species' origin.”里克·波茨（Rick Potts）是史密森学会（Smithsonian Institution）在华盛顿特区国家自然历史博物馆的人类人类原产计划的主任，也是人类起源计划。他认为，这些新近确定的心理和社会能力，包括“远处的群体，使用颜料和技术的使用，包括投射点 - 是我们物种起源的基础”。Alison Brooks, another paleoanthropologist, is with the George Washington University in Washington, D.C. Speaking of the pigment, she said, “The choice of importing the ochre from a distance rather than using a more common local material…argues that having a red face or hair or clothing or weapons also carried a symbolic message of some sort.”另一位古人类学家艾莉森·布鲁克斯（Alison Brooks）在华盛顿特区的乔治华盛顿大学（George Washington University）谈到颜料，她说：“选择从远处进口ocher而不是使用更常见的本地材料……认为拥有红色的脸，头发或衣服或武器或武器也带有某种象征性的信息。”The researchers described the obsidian tools they found as smaller, of better quality, and more specialized than larger stone tools used by earlier human species.研究人员描述了他们发现的黑曜石工具较小，质量更高，并且比早期人类使用的更大的石材工具更专业。The obsidian was used in a number of tools with sharp or pointy edges. The rock was also found in small, sharp points that could be placed at the end of a piece of wood or bone for use as a weapon.黑曜石被用于许多具有锋利或尖端边缘的工具。 还发现了岩石的小点，可以放在木头或骨头的末端，以用作武器。

Scientists recently announced the discovery of a small, bird-like dinosaur from China which had unusual, colorful feathers.科学家最近宣布发现了一种来自中国的小鸟般的恐龙，这些恐龙具有不寻常的羽毛。The scientists named the dinosaur Caihong, the Mandarin word for rainbow. They discovered the nearly complete and almost entirely undamaged fossil in Hebei Province.科学家将恐龙Caihong命名为彩虹的普通话。 他们发现了河北省几乎完整而几乎完全未受损的化石。Microscopic structures in the fossil suggest that the creature had wide, shiny feathers. The feathers mostly covered the dinosaur's head and upper body. The colors of those feather would have appeared to change depending on how the light hit them.化石中的微观结构表明该生物具有宽阔的羽毛。 羽毛大多覆盖了恐龙的头和上身。 这些羽毛的颜色似乎会根据光的击中方式而改变。The colorful dinosaur lived 161 million years ago during the Jurassic Period of earth's history.五颜六色的恐龙生活在地球历史的侏罗纪时期的16100万年前。Chad Eliason is an evolutionary biologist with the Field Museum in Chicago, Illinois. He helped write the study announcing the discovery in the scientific publication Nature Communications. Eliason told the Reuters news service that the discovery “suggests a more colorful Jurassic World than we previously imagined.”乍得·埃里亚森（Chad Eliason）是伊利诺伊州芝加哥田间博物馆的进化生物学家。 他帮助撰写了这项研究，宣布了科学出版物自然传播中的发现。 埃里亚森（Eliason）告诉路透社新闻服务（Reuters News Service），这一发现“暗示了比我们以前想象的要多彩的侏罗纪世界。”The scientists used powerful microscopes to identify the remains of the cell structures responsible for the apparent color of the feathers. The shape of those structures appears to have influenced what color the feathers would have. Round-shaped structures in the Caihong fossil show that it had feathers similar to that of a modern day hummingbird.科学家使用强大的显微镜来识别负责羽毛表观颜色的细胞结构的残留物。 这些结构的形状似乎影响了羽毛的颜色。 Caihong化石中的圆形结构表明，它的羽毛类似于现代蜂鸟。Much of Caihong's body had dark feathers. The shiny, color-changing feathers covered its head and neck. The dinosaur had many bird-like qualities. But researchers doubt that it could actually fly.Caihong的大部分身体都有深色的羽毛。 闪亮的，变色的羽毛覆盖了头和脖子。 恐龙具有许多类似鸟类的品质。 但是研究人员怀疑它实际上可以飞行。Its feathers could have served the purpose of gaining the attention of sexual partners while also providing protection from heat and cold.它的羽毛本来可以实现的目的是吸引性伴侣的注意力，同时还可以保护热和寒冷。Caihong was two-legged and had a long, narrow head with sharp teeth. It had boney crests above its eyes, and it hunted other, smaller animals for food.凯恩（Caihong）是两腿，头部狭窄，牙齿锋利。 它的眼睛上方有骨冠，并猎杀了其他较小的动物作为食物。Scientists say many dinosaurs had feathers. Birds evolved from small feathered dinosaurs near the end of the Jurassic Period.科学家说，许多恐龙有羽毛。 鸟类从侏罗纪时期结束后附近的小羽毛恐龙演变而来。Caihong had two kinds of feathers. It also is the earliest-known creature with feathers that did not have the same shape on both sides. This is a physical quality that modern birds have and use to direct themselves while flying.Caihong有两种羽毛。 它也是最早的生物，羽毛在两侧的形状都不相同。 这是现代鸟类在飞行时指导自己的身体品质。The unevenly shaped feathers on Caihong were on its tail. This suggests that tail feathers, not arm feathers, were first used to improve movement through the air in flying dinosaurs, scientists said.Caihong上不均匀的羽毛在其尾部。 科学家说，这表明尾羽羽毛而不是手臂羽毛首先是用于改善飞行恐龙的空气运动。Xing Xu is a paleontologist with the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Xing Xu said, “It is extremely similar to some early birds such as Archaeopteryx.” Archaeopteryx is the earliest known bird. It is believed to have lived 150 million years ago.Xing Xu是中国科学院的古生物学家。 Xing Xu说：“这与一些早期鸟类（例如Archeopteryx）非常相似。” Archeopteryx是最早已知的鸟。 据信它已经居住了1.5亿年前。“To be honest, I am not sure what function the feathers have,” Xing Xu added. “And I don't think that you can completely exclude the possibility that the feathers helped the animal to get in the air.”Xu Xu补充说：“老实说，我不确定羽毛的功能。” “而且我认为您不能完全排除羽毛帮助动物启动的可能性。”The dinosaur's full scientific name is Caihong juji, which means “rainbow with a big crest.”这种恐龙的全名是“彩虹巨兽”，意思是“有大冠的彩虹”。

A finger bone is pointing to what scientists are calling a new understanding of how ancient human beings came out of Africa and began settling the rest of the world.手指骨头指出了科学家对古代人如何从非洲出来并开始定居世界其他地区的新理解。The middle bone of an adult's middle finger was unearthed in the Nefud Desert of Saudi Arabia. It was found in an area called Al Wusta. Testing has dated the fossilized remains to about 90,000 years ago.在沙特阿拉伯的尼古德沙漠中发现了成人中指的中间骨头。 它是在一个名为Al Wusta的地区发现的。 测试已将化石遗物的历史记录到大约900，000年前。Researchers reported that it is the oldest Homo sapiens fossil ever found outside of Africa and the eastern Mediterranean Levant area. They also said it is the first human fossil from the Arabian peninsula.研究人员报告说，这是在非洲和地中海东部黎凡特地区发现的最古老的智人化石。 他们还说，这是阿拉伯半岛的第一个人类化石。While the Nefud Desert is now a sea of sand, it was green when this Homo sapiens lived. The researchers say the area was once a grasslands, filled with wildlife, near a freshwater lake.虽然Nefud沙漠现在是沙滩，但当这种同性恋狂人居住时，它是绿色的。 研究人员说，该地区曾经是一个淡水湖附近的草原，里面充满了野生动植物。Our human ancestors first appeared in Africa about 300,000 years ago. Scientists once thought Homo sapiens left Africa in a single, fast migration some 60,000 years ago. It was thought they moved along coastal areas, eating fish and other sea creatures, said Michael Petraglia. He is an anthropologist with the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History in Germany.我们的人类祖先大约30万年前首次出现在非洲。 科学家曾经以为同性恋者在大约60，000年前的一次快速移民中离开了非洲。 迈克尔·佩特拉格利亚（Michael Petraglia）说，人们认为他们沿着沿海地区搬进了沿海地区，吃鱼和其他海洋生物。 他是德国马克斯·普朗克人类历史科学学院的人类学家。This fossil bone, measuring 3.2 centimeters from end to end, suggests our species left Africa much earlier.这种化石骨的末端为3.2厘米，这表明我们的物种更早地离开了非洲。Petraglia explained that the fossil supports the idea that Homo sapiens did not move all at one time, but slowly and over many years. The discovery also shows these people were moving across the interior of the land, not just along the coastline, he added.Petraglia解释说，化石支持了Homo Sapiens一次没有移动的观念，而是在慢慢地和多年的时间里移动。 他补充说，这一发现还表明，这些人正在遍布土地内部，而不仅仅是海岸线。Near the fossil finger, scientists also discovered many animal fossils, University of Oxford archeologist Huw Groucutt said. Bite marks on fossilized bones showed that meat-eaters lived in the area.牛津大学考古学家Huw Groucutt说，在化石手指附近，科学家还发现了许多动物化石。 化石骨骼上的咬痕表明，肉食者生活在该地区。Stone tools that hunter-gatherers used also were found.还发现了猎人采集者使用的石材工具。“The big question now is what became of the ancestors of the population to which the Al Wusta human belonged,” Groucutt said.格鲁库特说：“现在最大的问题是，艾尔·沃斯塔（Al Wusta）人类所属的人口的祖先成了什么。”“We know that shortly after they lived, the rains failed and the area dried up. Did this population die out? Did it survive further south in Arabia?” Groucutt asked. He noted that the drying environment many have pushed them into Eurasia.“我们知道，在他们居住后不久，降雨失败了，该地区枯竭了。这个人口死亡了吗？它在阿拉伯南部进一步生存吗？” 格鲁卡特问。 他指出，许多人将它们推向欧亚大陆的干燥环境。A report on the findings was published in the magazine Nature Ecology and Evolution.有关发现的报告发表在《自然生态与进化》杂志上。

Scientists have identified three genes that may have played an important part in a major development in human evolution.科学家已经确定了三个可能在人类进化的重大发展中起重要作用的基因。The genes are being linked to the increase in brain size that took place in ancestors of human beings. This increase led to the development of mental abilities that define what it means to be human.这些基因与人类祖先发生的大脑大小的增加有关。 这种增长导致了定义人类含义的心理能力的发展。Researchers published two reports on their observations of the genes in the publication Cell in late May.研究人员发表了两份有关他们对5月下旬出版物细胞基因的观察的报告。The researchers believe the genes first appeared between three and four million years ago. This was just before a period in the fossil record that shows a major brain enlargement in the species from which humans evolved.研究人员认为，这些基因首次出现在三到四百万年前。 这是在化石记录中的一段时间之前，显示了人类进化的物种中的大脑肿大。The three genes share almost the exact same qualities. Along with a fourth one that seems to serve no purpose, they are called NOTCH2NL genes. They came from a gene family believed to have developed hundreds of millions of years ago. They are also important in the development of embryos.这三个基因几乎具有完全相同的品质。 除了似乎没有目的的第四个外，它们被称为Notch2nl基因。 他们来自一个据信基因家族，该家族已经发展了数亿年。 它们在胚胎的发展中也很重要。The NOTCH2NL genes are especially active in the collection of nerve stem cells in the cerebral cortex. The cerebral cortex is the outer part of the brain responsible for the highest mental processes. These include language, memory and reasoning.Notch2nl基因在大脑皮层中神经干细胞的收集中特别活跃。 大脑皮层是负责最高心理过程的大脑外部部分。 这些包括语言，记忆和推理。The genes were found to slow the development of stem cells in the cerebral cortex into neurons in the embryo. The researchers say this delay leads to the production of a higher number of more developed nerve cells in this area of the brain.发现这些基因会减慢脑皮质中干细胞在胚胎中神经元中的发育。 研究人员说，这种延迟会导致在大脑该区域中产生更高数量的发达神经细胞。Pierre Vanderhaeghen is a developmental neurobiologist at the Université Libre de Bruxelles in Belgium. He told the Reuters news service that, in large part, the cerebral cortex is responsible for what defines humans as a species and as individuals.Pierre Vanderhaeghen是比利时的Libre de Bruxelles大学的发展神经生物学家。 他告诉路透社新闻服务，在很大程度上，大脑皮层造成了将人类定义为一种物种和个人的原因。“Understanding how it emerged in evolution is a fascinating question, touching at the basic origins of mankind,” said Vanderhaeghen.范德海格说：“了解它在进化中的出现是一个令人着迷的问题，它触及了人类的基本起源。”David Haussler is a biomolecular engineer and the scientific director of the University of California, Santa Cruz Genomics Institute. He added that it is “the ultimate evolutionary question” and a very interesting area of research in which to work.戴维·豪斯勒（David Haussler）是一位生物分子工程师，也是加利福尼亚大学圣克鲁斯基因组学院的科学主任。 他补充说，这是“最终的进化问题”，也是一个非常有趣的研究领域。The species Australopithecus afarensis is an ancestor of humans that combined both ape-like and human-like qualities. The well-known fossil named “Lucy,” discovered in Ethiopia in 1974, was a member of that species. Lucy lived in Africa at about the time these genes are believed to have appeared.Australopithecus Afarensis是人类的祖先，它们既结合了猿类样和类人的品质。 著名的化石名为“露西”，于1974年在埃塞俄比亚发现，是该物种的成员。 露西大约在这些基因出现的时候就住在非洲。Sofie Salama is a UC-Santa Cruz biomolecular engineering research scientist. She said it would be great if it were possible to record the complete order of all of Lucy's genetic material, her DNA. But she noted that it would be nearly impossible.Sofie Salama是UC-Santa Cruz生物分子工程研究科学家。 她说，如果有可能记录露西所有遗传材料，她的DNA的完整顺序，那就太好了。 但是她指出，这几乎是不可能的。FILE PHOTO: Students attend a lecture in the auditorium of a university in Munich, Germany, May 25, 2016. REUTERS/Michaela RehleThe NOTCH2NL genes are not present in the closest genetic relatives to human beings. None were found in monkeys or orangutans.Notch2nl基因不存在于最接近人类的遗传亲属中。 在猴子或猩猩中没有发现。However, Reuters reports that the researchers did find the genes in the remains of two human ancestor species: Neanderthals and Denisovans.但是，路透社报道说，研究人员确实在两个人类祖先物种的遗迹中找到了基因：尼安德特人和丹尼索凡夫人。NOTCH2NL gene abnormalities were found to be connected problems that affect the brain. These include autism, schizophrenia and both unusually large and unusually small head size.发现Notch2nl基因异常是影响大脑的问题。 这些包括自闭症，精神分裂症以及头部大小异常大且异常小。

Scientists say they have confirmed that strange-looking fossils from more than 500 million years ago are remains of an animal.科学家说，他们已经确认，超过5亿年前的奇怪化石是动物的遗体。That would make it one of the earliest known creatures.那将使它成为最早的已知生物之一。The fossils are found within rocks. They are round with many lines, and look similar to the markings of a leaf.化石在岩石中发现。 它们的圆形有许多线条，看起来与叶子的标记相似。The fossils were first described in 1947. They have been found in Australia and Russia. Some are very small; others are over a meter long.这些化石于1947年首次描述。它们在澳大利亚和俄罗斯发现。 有些很小； 其他人则超过一米。Scientists have named the mysterious ancient organism that left these fossils behind “Dickinsonia.”科学家将神秘的古代有机体命名为，将这些化石留在了“狄金森尼亚”之后。But what exactly was it?但是到底是什么？In the past, some scientists suggested it was an animal. Others believed it was a single-celled organism called a protist.过去，一些科学家认为这是动物。 其他人则认为这是一种称为put虫的单细胞生物。Researchers presented evidence that Dickinsonia was an animal in a recent paper. The paper appeared in the publication Science.研究人员提供了证据，表明狄金森尼亚是最近的一篇论文中的动物。 该论文出现在出版科学中。The most important evidence was that Dickinsonia fossils found in Russia contained carbon-bearing substances produced by animals.最重要的证据是，在俄罗斯发现的狄金尼亚化石中含有动物产生的碳含量。Experts not connected to the study called that evidence strong. They also said most scientists who had studied the fossils already believed that Dickinsonia was probably an animal.与研究没有联系的专家称这证据很强烈。 他们还说，大多数研究化石的科学家已经相信狄金森尼亚可能是动物。Douglas Erwin is with the Smithsonian Institution. He said he is sure the fossils are from an animal.道格拉斯·埃文（Douglas Erwin）与史密森尼机构在一起。 他说，他确定化石来自动物。It is not clear when Dickinsonia lived. Some fossils are about 558 million years old, said Jochen Brocks of the Australian National University in Canberra. He was one of the researchers involved in the study.目前尚不清楚迪金森尼何时居住。 堪培拉澳大利亚国立大学的Jochen Brocks说，一些化石的历史了约5.58亿年。 他是参与研究的研究人员之一。Brocks considers Dickinsonia to be “the very oldest animal that we can be sure about. He added that it is about 2 million years older than another widely accepted animal fossil.布罗克（Brocks）认为狄金森尼亚（Dickinsonia）是“我们可以确定的最古老的动物。他补充说，它比另一种被广泛接受的动物化石大约200万年。Brocks said scientists do not know much about what Dickinsonia looked like. But he said they do know it was “soft and flexible.”布罗克斯说，科学家对狄金森尼的样子不太了解。 但是他说他们确实知道这是“柔软而灵活的”。Dickinsonia was not the first animal on Earth. Analysis of the genetic materials of living animals suggests that animals first appeared more than 720 million years ago. But scientists have never found fossils that old.狄金森尼亚不是地球上的第一只动物。 对活动物的遗传材料的分析表明，动物首先出现在7.2亿年前。 但是科学家从未发现化石那么古老。

Millions of years ago, many large, strange-looking sea creatures lived in what is now the South Atlantic Ocean. A museum in Washington, D.C., is giving visitors a chance to learn about these ancient animals.数百万年前，许多大型，奇怪的海洋生物都生活在现在的南大西洋。 华盛顿特区的一家博物馆为游客提供了了解这些古老动物的机会。Scientists say the continents of South America and Africa separated millions of years ago. As this happened, they say, many kinds of dangerous animals and other lifeforms settled in the newly formed body of water off the coast of Angola.科学家说，南美和非洲的大洲分开了数百万年前。 他们说，当发生这种情况时，许多危险的动物和其他生命形式定居在安哥拉沿海的新形成的水体中。Today, scientists are studying ancient animal remains discovered on the Angolan coast. It is part of a project created by an international team of researchers called Projecto PaleoAngola. The researchers come from Angola, Portugal, The Netherlands and the United States.如今，科学家正在研究在安哥拉海岸发现的古代动物遗体。 它是由一个名为Projecto Paleoangola的国际研究人员创建的项目的一部分。 研究人员来自安哥拉，葡萄牙，荷兰和美国。One U.S. researcher involved with the project is Louis Jacobs of Southern Methodist University, or SMU, in Dallas, Texas. He told VOA that scientists knew there would be remains in the area, but “didn't know how good they would be.”一位参与该项目的美国研究人员是德克萨斯州达拉斯的南方卫理公会大学的路易斯·雅各布斯（Louis Jacobs）。 他告诉VOA，科学家知道该地区会有遗骸，但“不知道它们会有多好。”Jacobs and a team of scientists and students at SMU helped prepare the remains to be shown at the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C.雅各布斯（Jacobs）和SMU的一组科学家和学生团队帮助准备了遗体，将在华盛顿特区的国家自然历史博物馆展出。He said visitors to the museum can see the similarity between the ancient and modern ocean environment and animals.他说，博物馆的游客可以看到古代和现代海洋环境与动物之间的相似性。Michael Polcyn is another researcher at SMU. He says one ancient fish-eating animal had a long nose and teeth similar to that of a dolphin. He notes that visitors can see the remains of large, fierce animals like the mosasaur, as well as gentler creatures like an ancient giant sea turtle.Michael Polcyn是SMU的另一位研究员。 他说，一只食用鱼类的动物的鼻子和牙齿与海豚类似。 他指出，游客可以看到像莫萨尔这样的大而凶猛的动物的遗体，以及像古老的巨型海龟这样的柔和生物。"We have a snapshot of this moment in time 72 million years ago that has preserved all of these animals that were living together in one place."“我们有7200万年前的这一刻的快照，保存了所有这些动物，它们一起生活在一个地方。”Scientists say a large rock from space hit the earth millions of years ago and killed most of the animals.科学家说，太空中的一块大石头袭击了数百万年前的地球，并杀死了大多数动物。

A kind of tortoise not seen in more than 110 years has been found in the Galapagos Islands.在加拉帕戈斯群岛已经发现了一种超过110年的乌龟。A female from a species known as the Fernandina giant tortoise was discovered last weekend on the island of Fernandina.上周末在费尔南迪纳岛上发现了一个名为Fernandina巨型龟的物种的雌性。The Galapagos is a group of 20 islands in the eastern Pacific Ocean, about 1,000 kilometers off the coast of Ecuador.加拉帕戈斯（Galapagos）是东太平洋的20个岛屿，距离厄瓜多尔海岸约1000公里。The islands belong to Ecuador and the tortoise discovery was announced by the country's ministry of environment. It said that the creature was identified by researchers from the Galapagos National Park and the Galapagos Conservancy, a group based in the United States.这些岛屿属于厄瓜多尔，该国环境部宣布了乌龟发现。 它说，该生物是由加拉帕戈斯国家公园（Galapagos National Park）和总部位于美国的组织加拉帕戈斯保护协会（Galapagos Consercan）的研究人员确定的。Wildlife experts had thought the Fernandina giant tortoise no longer existed.野生动植物专家认为不再存在Fernandina巨人乌龟。The researchers said they believe the adult female tortoise is more than 100 years old. The animal was taken to a breeding center for giant tortoises on the Galapagos island of Santa Cruz.研究人员说，他们认为成年女性乌龟已有100多年的历史。 该动物被带到加拉帕戈斯岛圣克鲁斯岛上的巨型乌龟的繁殖中心。The International Union for Conservation of Nature says the only other living member of the species was found in 1906. Since then, researchers have found some evidence of Fernandina giant tortoise activity. There was an unconfirmed sighting in 2009. But the latest find was the first new confirmed sighting of the species.国际自然保护联盟说，该物种中唯一的其他活着的成员是1906年发现的。从那时起，研究人员发现了一些Fernandina巨人乌龟活动的证据。 2009年有一个未经证实的目击。但最新发现是对该物种的首个新的确认目击。Investigators believe there may be more members of the species on Fernandina Island because of animal droppings and tracks they found.调查人员认为，由于他们发现的动物粪便和曲目，在费尔南迪纳岛上可能会有更多的物种成员。Danny Rueda is the director of Galapagos National Park. He says the discovery provides new hope for possible successful breeding. "This encourages us to strengthen our search plans to find other turtles, which will allow us to start a breeding program in captivity to recover this species," he said in a statement.丹尼·鲁达（Danny Rueda）是加拉帕戈斯国家公园（Galapagos National Park）的主任。 他说，这一发现为可能的成功繁殖提供了新的希望。 他在一份声明中说：“这鼓励我们加强我们的搜索计划，以找到其他海龟，这将使我们能够在被囚禁中开始一个繁殖计划，以恢复该物种。”Fernandina is the third-largest island in the Galapagos. A volcano there is one of the most active in the world. The International Union for Conservation of Nature said it feared the species was likely lost to repeated volcanic lava flows “that nearly cover the island.”费尔南迪娜（Fernandina）是加拉帕戈斯（Galapagos）的第三大岛。 火山是世界上最活跃的火山之一。 国际自然保护联盟表示，人们担心这种物种可能会因为“几乎覆盖该岛”的重复火山熔岩流失。Ecuador's Environment Minister, Marcelo Mata Guerrero, said the government fully supports additional research and development efforts aimed at saving the species.厄瓜多尔环境部长马塞洛·马塔·格雷罗（Marcelo Mata Guerrero）表示，政府完全支持旨在拯救该物种的其他研发工作。

At an animal hospital in the Northeast United States, a biologist takes blood from a sick loggerhead sea turtle named Honey Bun. 在美国东北部的一家动物医院，一名生物学家从一只病态的Loggerhead海龟中取血，名为Honey Bun。 This is one of the first steps scientists must take before treating and rehabilitating the turtle so that it can be returned into the wild. 这是科学家在治疗和修复乌龟之前必须采取的第一步，以便它可以归还野外。 Cape Cod, in the state of Massachusetts, may have some of the largest numbers of turtle strandings in the world. 在马萨诸塞州，科德角（Cape Cod）可能拥有世界上最多的乌龟束缚。 The number of turtles that became trapped on Cape Cod beaches has risen over the past 10 years. That information comes from the Mass Audubon's Wellfleet Bay Wildlife Sanctuary. 在过去的10年中，被困在鳕鱼角海滩上的海龟数量增加了。 这些信息来自大众奥杜邦的Wellfleet Bay野生动物保护区。 This year, volunteers found 829 turtles washed up on the sand. About half of them were dead, including some that were frozen solid. That number is nearly twice what workers found in 2016 and nearly 10 times more than 2008. 今年，志愿者发现829只乌龟在沙滩上冲洗掉。 其中大约一半死了，其中包括一些冷冻固体。 这个数字几乎是工人在2016年发现的两倍，是2008年的几乎10倍。 Some experts think the number of washed up turtles is related to climate change. 一些专家认为被冲洗的海龟的数量与气候变化有关。 A paper published in PLOS ONE notes that there were more strandings of Kemp's ridley sea turtles in years with warmer sea-surface temperatures. It added that of the threats to turtle populations, “climate change may present the broadest threat for sea turtle conservation.” PLOS在PLOS上发表的一篇论文指出，多年来，肯普的Ridley海龟的搁浅，海面温度更高。 它补充说，在对乌龟人群的威胁中，“气候变化可能对海龟保护构成最广泛的威胁”。 Over the past 10 years, many turtles have been moving north from the Gulf of Mexico into the warming waters of the Gulf of Maine. There, they feed on mussels, crabs and other sea creatures. 在过去的10年中，许多海龟从墨西哥湾向北移动到缅因州湾的温暖水域。 在那里，它们以贻贝，螃蟹和其他海洋生物为食。 Cape Cod extends into the Atlantic Ocean, serving as a kind of trap for turtles. When the waters cool there, the animals start to have health problems, like developing pneumonia. They have problems moving and eating. 科德角延伸到大西洋，是乌龟的陷阱。 当那里的水冷却时，动物开始存在健康问题，例如患肺炎。 他们在移动和饮食方面存在问题。 Bob Prescott is the director of Wellfleet Bay Wildlife Sanctuary and helped to prepare the PLOS ONE paper. He notes that the sea turtles “know how to leave, but the Cape is like a trap – a hook within a hook.” 鲍勃·普雷斯科特（Bob Prescott）是Wellfleet Bay野生动物保护区的董事，并帮助准备了PLOS One论文。 他指出，海龟“知道如何离开，但斗篷就像一个陷阱 - 钩子里的钩子。” If the turtles survive, it can take months before they are fully recovered. Adam Kennedy is a biologist at New England Aquarium's sea turtle hospital in Quincy, Massachusetts. He says that when the turtles arrive at the hospital “they look like they are dead, especially in December.” 如果海龟生存，可能需要几个月的时间才能完全恢复。 亚当·肯尼迪（Adam Kennedy）是马萨诸塞州昆西的新英格兰水族馆海龟医院的生物学家。 他说，当海龟到达医院时，“它们看起来好像已经死了，尤其是在十二月。” Other experts argue that climate change alone cannot explain the increased number of turtle strandings. 其他专家认为，仅气候变化无法解释乌龟束缚的数量增加。Jeffrey Seminoff heads the Marine Turtle Ecology and Assessment Program at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Marine Fisheries Service. He believes that the high number of strandings “probably results from the simple fact that there's more turtles.” 杰弗里·塞诺夫（Jeffrey Seminoff）领导着国家海洋和大气管理局国家海洋渔业局的海龟生态和评估计划。 他认为，大量搁浅“可能是由于有更多海龟的简单事实而导致的。”Seminoff said that the recovery of the turtle population and “success of conservation efforts at the nesting beaches” could explain the higher number of turtle strandings. Seminoff说，乌龟种群的恢复和“筑巢海滩的保护工作的成功”可以解释乌龟的数量更高。 Kennedy, the biologist, said that he has mixed feelings when the turtles are released back into the wild. “It's bittersweet, because you spend so much time with them but ultimately every one of these guys getting back to the ocean helps the population.” 生物学家肯尼迪（Kennedy）说，当海龟被释放回野外时，他的感受也不同。 “这很苦乐参半，因为您花了很多时间与他们在一起，但最终，这些家伙回到海洋中的每个人都会帮助人口。” Recently, Honey Bun – the turtle we met at the beginning of our report – and other turtles were taken to Florida. They were released into the water. 最近，蜂蜜面包 - 我们在报告开头遇到的乌龟 - 其他海龟被带到佛罗里达。 他们被释放到水中。 Kelly Shaffer is with National Aquarium Baltimore, which worked with four other groups to organize the turtles' release. She noted that she feels a sense of “joy and accomplishment” at “being able to put them back out there.” 凯利·谢弗（Kelly Shaffer）与国家水族馆巴尔的摩（National Aquarium Baltimore）一起，该水族馆与其他四个团体合作组织了乌龟的释放。 她指出，她对“能够将它们放回那里”感到“喜悦和成就”感到“喜悦和成就”。

Now, just as scientists are beginning to fully understand these unusual creatures, the turtles are quickly disappearing. Similar population decreases have also been documented at beaches where leatherbacks nest on the western Pacific. 现在，就像科学家开始完全理解这些异常生物一样，乌龟也很快消失了。 在西太平洋筑巢的海滩上，还记录了类似的人口减少。Scientists say that if nothing changes, the leatherbacks could completely disappear from the U.S. West Coast within 30 years. The population drops are mainly blamed on international fishing activities, the destruction of nesting grounds and climate change. 科学家说，如果什么都没有改变，棱角状可能会在30年内从美国西海岸完全消失。 人口下降主要归咎于国际捕鱼活动，筑巢场的破坏和气候变化。 “The turtles were there and we finally started paying attention,” said Jim Harvey, director of San Jose State University's Moss Landing Marine Laboratories. He was a co-writer of the new study. “We got into looking at the story just as the story was ending,” Harvey told the AP. 圣何塞州立大学苔藓陆战海洋实验室主任吉姆·哈维（Jim Harvey）说：“乌龟在那里，我们终于开始关注。” 他是新研究的合着者。 哈维对美联社说：“随着故事的结尾，我们开始研究这个故事。” The study provides important information, but also shows the threats the leatherbacks face, said Daniel Pauly, a fisheries professor at the University of British Columbia in Canada. Pauly, who was not involved in the study, is an international expert on the effects of fishing on ocean ecosystems. 加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚大学的渔业教授丹尼尔·保利（Daniel Pauly）说，这项研究提供了重要的信息，但也显示了棱角状面部的威胁。 没有参与该研究的Pauly是捕鱼对海洋生态系统影响的国际专家。 The animals can be killed when they get trapped in fishing equipment. Scientists say the population is also harmed because a lot of turtle eggs are removed from beaches. 当动物被困在钓鱼设备中时，它们可能会被杀死。 科学家说，人口也受到伤害，因为从海滩上移走了许多乌龟蛋。Researchers say that while all the world's leatherbacks are under pressure, the group that migrates for months across the Pacific faces the greatest threats. 研究人员说，虽然世界上所有的棱角扣都承受着压力，但在太平洋迁移数月的小组面临着最大的威胁。 “If you find the decline in one place, that might have a number of causes, but if you find the same estimate of decline in two places that is something much more serious,” Pauly said. He added that the sea turtles “are really in big trouble.” Pauly说：“如果您发现一个地方的下降，可能会有很多原因，但是如果您发现两个地方下降的估计值相同，那么这是更严重的事情。” 他补充说，海龟“确实遇到了很大的麻烦”。 NOAA launched an aggressive plan to save leatherbacks in 2015 and is set to release a new action plan this month. The plan is meant to persuade governments and international organizations to join efforts to save the turtles. NOAA启动了一项激进的计划，以节省2015年的棱皮术，并将在本月发布新的动作计划。 该计划旨在说服政府和国际组织加入拯救海龟的努力。 Benson, the NOAA ecologist, said there is still time to stop the decrease, but that it will require an immediate, international effort. “If nothing is done to reverse this course, this population will become … extinct in the Pacific Ocean." NOAA生态学家本森（Benson）说，还有时间停止下降，但这将需要立即，国际上的努力。 “如果没有采取任何措施来扭转这一课程，那么在太平洋灭绝的人群将成为……”。”

Scientists say there has been a major drop in the population of leatherback sea turtles off the U.S. West Coast. 科学家说，美国西海岸的棱皮海龟人口大幅下降。 Researchers say there was an 80 percent drop in one group of leatherbacks found off the California coast over the past 30 years. One recent study found a 5.6 percent yearly decrease in the population. 研究人员说，在过去30年中，加利福尼亚海岸在加利福尼亚海岸发现的一组棱皮术下降了80％。 最近的一项研究发现，人口年度下降了5.6％。 Leatherbacks are massive sea turtles dating back to the time of the dinosaurs. The animals can grow up to 1.5 meters in length and weigh as much as 680 kilograms. 棱皮是可以追溯到恐龙时代的巨大海龟。 这些动物的长度长达1.5米，重达680公斤。 The leatherback sea turtles found along the U.S. Pacific coast are actually born thousands of kilometers away, on beaches in Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu and the Solomon Islands. The animals migrate 11,000 kilometers across the Pacific Ocean to feed on jellyfish in waters off the U.S. West Coast. Then, they swim back. 沿着美国太平洋海岸发现的棱皮海龟实际上诞生于印度尼西亚，巴布亚新几内亚，瓦努阿图和所罗门群岛的海滩上数千公里。 这些动物在整个太平洋上迁移了11,000公里，以美国西海岸海水中的水母为食。 然后，他们向后游回。As many as 60 percent of the leatherback turtles born in the western Pacific Ocean are believed to make the trip to California. Scientists are not sure why some do and others do not. Some go farther north, to waters off Oregon or Washington state. 据信，在西太平洋出生的棱皮龟中，多达60％是前往加利福尼亚的旅行。 科学家不确定为什么有些人这样做，而另一些人则不知道。 有些人向北走得更远，到达俄勒冈州或华盛顿州附近的水域。 Scott Benson is an ecologist with the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) fisheries service in Monterey, California. He has studied the turtles for many years and recently co-wrote a study on leatherback populations. Benson told The Associated Press that the long trip across the Pacific demonstrates the strength of the sea turtles. 斯科特·本森（Scott Benson）是加利福尼亚州蒙特雷的美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）渔业服务的生态学家。 他研究了乌龟多年，最近共同撰写了一项有关棱皮师人群的研究。 本森告诉美联社，穿越太平洋的漫长旅程展示了海龟的力量。“There are birds that go farther, but they fly. There's a whale shark that might swim a little further, but it doesn't have to come up for air,” he said. The leatherbacks, he noted, are “actually pushing water all the way across the Pacific Ocean.” 他说：“有些鸟会走得更远，但是它们会飞。有一条鲸鲨可能会走得更远，但不必升起空气。” 他指出，棱皮的背包“实际上是在太平洋上一直推着水。”

Scientists found the deep tracks left by these icebergs by looking at energy companies' seismic surveys of the North Sea. It showed icebergs the size of Norwich were once found off the eastern coast of Scotland. This is the first hard evidence that the ice sheet that covered Britain and Ireland 18,000 years ago produced such large icebergs. 科学家们通过分析能源公司对北海的地震勘测资料发现了冰山留下的深深的轨迹。资料表明与诺里奇市大小相当的冰山曾出现在苏格兰的东海岸。这是首个确凿证据证明 1.8 万年前覆盖着不列颠和爱尔兰的冰盖曾行成过如此巨大的冰山。 The findings may help scientists answer fundamental questions about how the Antarctic ice sheet may be affected as the ice shelves around its edge become unstable in a warming world. 这些发现或许能帮助科学家们解答关于南极冰盖的一些关键问题：随着全球变暖，南极冰盖边缘的冰架变得愈发不稳定，南极冰盖将受到怎样的影响。

Researchers from King's College and Imperial College developed a material that mimics the environment needed for tooth development, allowing cells to send signals and begin forming a tooth. 伦敦国王学院和帝国理工大学的研究人员研发出了一种模拟牙齿生长环境的材料，这种材料可以促使细胞发出信号并开始形成牙齿。 The idea is that the lab-grown teeth would naturally regenerate and integrate into the jaw, creating a new set that's stronger and far more durable than traditional fillings or implants. 这项研究的想法是让实验室培育的牙齿能够自然地再生并与颌骨结合在一起，从而长出一套更坚固的新牙，其耐用度也会优于补牙用的传统填充材料或种植牙。 It could take years before these lab-grown teeth are seen in the mouths of dental patients. But scientists say once they discover how to do it, it will revolutionise oral health. 我们可能还需要很多年时间才能看到这种在实验室中培育的牙齿被应用于牙科患者的口腔中。但是科学家们表示，一旦他们研究出应用方法，此项技术就将彻底改变口腔健康。

"Welcome! Shoes off please." In many Asian countries, removing shoes when you enter someone's home is expected – it shows respect and ensures cleanliness. In other places, such as the UK, however, the social norms are more ambiguous. Some Brits might have a strict "shoes off" rule, while others may be squeamish about seeing others' socks or bare feet. What do the scientists say? “欢迎！请脱鞋。” 在许多亚洲国家，预计进入某人的家时，脱鞋 - 它表现出尊重并确保清洁。 但是，在其他地方，例如英国，社会规范更加模棱两可。 有些英国人可能有严格的“鞋子”规则，而另一些人可能会因为看到别人的袜子或赤脚而感到沮丧。 科学家怎么说？If you remove your shoes at the door for cleanliness, you're probably thinking about the visible dirt – urban dust, mud and grass that has hitched a ride from the outside world on the sole of your shoe. But the real problems are microscopic. A review of research called 'Shoe soles as a potential vector for pathogen transmission' found a high prevalence of dangerous bacteria on shoe soles, which could lead to illness. Children under five are particularly at risk because of their closeness to the floor and developing immune systems. 如果您在门口脱下鞋子以保持清洁度，那么您可能会考虑可见的污垢 - 城市灰尘，泥土和草，这些灰尘，泥土和草已从鞋子的鞋底上搭便车。 但是真正的问题是显微镜。 对称为“鞋底作为病原体传播的潜在载体”的研究的综述发现，鞋底危险细菌的流行率很高，这可能导致疾病。 五岁以下的儿童由于与地板的亲密关系和发展免疫系统的危险尤其危险。 Germs aside, shoe soles can also bring in nasty chemicals like pesticides and herbicides, exposure to which can cause headaches, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, according to a study by Muhammad Sarwar, published in Cogent Medicine. Allergens such as pollen can also enter your home via your shoes, which can be a big issue if you suffer with hay fever or have respiratory issues. Isn't your home meant to be a safe haven? 根据3种细菌，鞋底还可以引入令人讨厌的化学物质，例如农药和除草剂，暴露于穆罕默德·萨瓦尔（Muhammad Sarwar）的一项研究中，可能会引起头痛，头晕，恶心和呕吐。 过敏原（例如花粉）也可以通过鞋子进入您的家，如果您患有花粉症或呼吸道问题，这可能是一个大问题。 您的家不是要成为避风港吗？But it's not just about hygiene. Going shoeless can improve things such as balance, body awareness and strength and stability in your muscles, according to a medically reviewed article called 'Does Walking Barefoot Have Health Benefits?'. "In theory, walking barefoot more closely restores our 'natural' walking pattern, also known as our gait," explains foot and ankle specialist Jonathan Kaplan. 但这不仅与卫生有关。 根据医学审查的文章，“肌肉中的平衡，身体意识，力量和稳定性”等文章称为“赤脚行走是否有健康好处？”。 “从理论上讲，赤脚行走更接近恢复我们的'自然'步行模式，也称为步态，”脚脚踝专家乔纳森·卡普兰（Jonathan Kaplan）解释说。 In cultures where a shoe-free home is the norm, the reasons are backed by science. And in places where the rules are less clear, maybe it's time to think about leaving our outdoor shoes at the threshold. There's an old African proverb that states "When you leave your shoes at the doorstep, you leave your troubles behind." 在不含鞋子房屋的文化中，原因是科学支持的。 在规则不太明确的地方，也许是时候考虑将我们的户外鞋子留在门槛上了。 有一个古老的非洲谚语说：“当您将鞋子留在门口时，您会留下麻烦。”

Starting a new job, moving house, quitting your job to start a new business – all of these can be great opportunities, but all of them can lead to uncertainty. We can't know for sure that they will turn out well. Could this fear of the unknown be holding us back? 开始新的工作，搬家，辞职以开始新业务 - 所有这些都可能是绝佳的机会，但是所有这些都可能导致不确定性。 我们无法确定它们会很好。 这种对未知数的恐惧会阻止我们吗？ Improving things in your life often requires some uncertainty, whether that's making time to learn something new, or moving to a new area. And It's not just about radical change. We often make negative assumptions about people we don't know, but if we go through the uncertainty of getting to know someone new, we can establish positive social or working relationships. 改善生活中的事物通常需要一些不确定性，无论是花时间学习新知识还是搬到新领域。 这不仅仅是彻底的变化。 我们经常对我们不认识的人做出负面假设，但是如果我们经历了认识新人的不确定性，我们就可以建立积极的社会或工作关系。 So, how can we learn to make the most of uncertainty? First, it can help to adjust the way we think about not knowing what will happen. Being curious about a new job can help us grow, while being afraid of any negative changes can stop us taking advantage of new opportunities. It can be helpful to see threats as challenges that can be overcome. 那么，我们如何学会充分利用不确定性？ 首先，它可以帮助调整我们不知道会发生什么的方式。 对新工作感到好奇可以帮助我们成长，同时害怕任何负面变化可以阻止我们利用新的机会。 将威胁视为可以克服的挑战可能会有所帮助。 One thing that can help with this is having faith in your own abilities. When assessing an uncertain future situation, consider your own capability in being able to mitigate any issues that come up. If you know that you have the skills, knowledge or flexibility required to address unforeseen problems, then uncertainty can seem like less of a threat. 可以帮助您的一件事是对自己的能力充满信心。 在评估不确定的未来情况时，请考虑自己能够减轻任何问题的能力。 如果您知道自己具有解决不可预见问题所需的技能，知识或灵活性，那么不确定性似乎就不再是威胁。Believing in yourself is one way to build resilience. E-commerce entrepreneur Alexandre Bonvin highlights the importance of building up a cash buffer in business. Another way to build your resilience can be to take on small tasks that have some uncertainty and reflecting on how you deal with each one. 相信自己是建立韧性的一种方法。 电子商务企业家Alexandre Bonvin强调了建立现金缓冲区的重要性。 建立弹性的另一种方法可能是承担有一些不确定性的小任务，并反思如何处理每个任务。A positive mindset and building up our own personal resilience can help us use uncertainty as an opportunity for growth. 积极的心态并建立自己的个人韧性可以帮助我们利用不确定性作为增长的机会。

Birds of prey, also known as raptors, are species of birds that feed almost entirely on meat that they hunt. A new report shows that these birds are dropping in number worldwide. 猛禽，也称为猛禽，是几乎完全以它们狩猎的肉类为食的鸟类。 一份新报告表明，这些鸟在全球范围内下降。 Researchers from the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and BirdLife International studied 557 raptor species. They found that 167 of the bird species are considered near threatened, vulnerable or endangered or critically endangered. Their study also reported that 18 species are critically endangered, including the Philippine eagle, the hooded vulture and the Annobon scops owl. 国际自然和鸟类国际保护联盟的研究人员研究了557种猛禽。 他们发现，有167种鸟类被认为是受到威胁，脆弱或濒危或严重濒临灭绝的。 他们的研究还报道说，有18种受到严重威胁，包括菲律宾鹰，带帽的秃鹰和Annobon Scops Owl。 Gerardo Ceballos is a bird scientist at the National Autonomous University of Mexico. He was one of the writers of the study, which appeared earlier this month in the publication Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. He noted that other species are in danger of becoming locally extinct in some areas of the world. That means they may no longer play important parts as top hunters in those environments. Gerardo Ceballos是墨西哥国家自治大学的鸟类科学家。 他是该研究的作家之一，该研究本月早些时候在美国国家科学院的出版论文集中发表。 他指出，其他物种在世界某些地区处于局部灭绝的危险。 这意味着他们可能不再在这些环境中作为顶级猎人发挥重要作用。 “The golden eagle is the national bird of Mexico, but we have very few golden eagles left in Mexico,” he said. A 2016 study estimated only about 200 remain in the country. 说：“金鹰是墨西哥的国家鸟，但我们在墨西哥留下的金鹰很少。” 2016年的一项研究估计在该国仅剩下200个。 Harpy eagles were once widespread throughout southern Mexico and Central and South America. But tree cutting and burning has greatly decreased their range.哈比鹰队曾经在整个墨西哥南部以及中美洲和南美洲都广泛。 但是，砍伐和燃烧大大减少了它们的范围。The study found that 54 percent of threatened birds of prey that are active mostly during the day — including most hawks, eagles and vultures —were falling in population. The same was true for 47 percent of threatened raptors active mostly at night, such as owls. 该研究发现，人口下降的人口中有54％的人在白天大多活跃的受威胁猛禽（包括大多数鹰，老鹰和秃鹰）都在下降。 对于47％的受威胁猛禽的活动中，大多在晚上（例如猫头鹰）也是如此。Evan Buechley is a researcher at the Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center and a scientist at nonprofit HawkWatch International. He was not involved in the study. He said the biggest threats to birds of prey are habitat loss, climate change and poisonous substances. 埃文·布希利（Evan Buechley）是史密森尼移民鸟中心的研究员，也是非营利性霍卡奇国际（Nonprofit Hawkwatch International）的科学家。 他没有参与研究。 他说，对猛禽的最大威胁是栖息地丧失，气候变化和有毒物质。 The insect-killing substance DDT thinned eggshells and destroyed bald eagle populations in North America, leading to its ban in the U.S. in 1972. But Buechley said other threats remain, including rodent-killing substances and the lead in hunters' ammunition. 杀死昆虫的物质滴滴涕稀释了蛋壳，并摧毁了北美的秃鹰种群，导致1972年在美国禁止其禁令。但是Buechley说，其他威胁仍然存在，包括杀死啮齿动物的物质和猎人弹药的负责人。Many raptors feed on rodents and dead animals. 许多猛禽以啮齿动物和死动物为食。 Widespread use of a drug used in farm animals led to the fast decline of vultures in South Asia. The birds died after eating animal remains, which decreased the population of some species by 95 percent in recent decades. 在农场动物中使用的药物的广泛使用导致南亚秃鹰的快速下降。 鸟类在吃动物遗体后死亡，近几十年来，一些物种的种群减少了95％。 In East Asia, many raptor species reproduce in northern China, Mongolia or Russia. They then travel down the eastern coast of China to spend summers in Southeast Asia or India. 在东亚，许多猛禽物种在中国北部，蒙古或俄罗斯繁殖。 然后，他们沿着中国东海岸旅行，在东南亚或印度度过夏天。 “Certain areas of the coast will see 30 to 40 species during peak migration,” said Yang Liu. He is an ecologist at Sun Yat-Sen University in Guangzhou and was not involved in the study. 杨刘说：“沿海岸的某些地区将在高峰迁移期间看到30至40种物种。” 他是广州Sun Yat-Sen University的生态学家，没有参与这项研究。 He said that areas with thousands of birds passing through them “are important to protect.” 他说，成千上万的鸟类经过它们的地区“对于保护很重要”。 Stuart Butchart is chief scientist at BirdLife International in Britain. He said that most of the 4,200 areas identified by conservation groups as critical for raptor species worldwide “are unprotected or only partly covered by protected areas.” Stuart Butchart是英国Birdlife International的首席科学家。 他说，保护群体确定为全世界猛禽物种至关重要的4200个地区中，大多数是“受保护区的无保护或部分覆盖”。 A 2018 study in the publication Biological Conservation found that 52 percent of all raptor species worldwide are decreasing in population. 2018年在出版物生物保护中进行的一项研究发现，全球所有猛禽中有52％的人口正在减少。

The Fish and Wildlife Service warned that climate change, combined with other environmental pressures, could make such disappearances more common. As an example, it said nearly 3 billion birds have been lost in North America since 1970. 鱼类和野生动植物局警告说，气候变化与其他环境压力相结合，可能会使这种失踪更为普遍。 例如，它说自1970年以来，北美已经丢失了近30亿只鸟。“These extinctions highlight the need to take action to prevent further losses,” the agency said in a statement. 该机构在一份声明中说：“这些灭绝强调了采取行动以防止进一步损失的必要性。” Around the world, about 900 species have been documented as extinct. The actual number, however, is thought to be much higher because some are never officially identified. Many scientists have warned that the planet is in an “extinction crisis,” with plants and animals disappearing at 1,000 times the historical rate. 在世界范围内，大约有900种被记录为灭绝。 但是，实际数字被认为要高得多，因为有些人从未正式识别出来。 许多科学家警告说，地球正处于“灭绝危机”，动植物的消失是历史速度的1000倍。 Several scientists said it was possible that one or more of the 23 species included could reappear in the future. 几位科学家说，未来包含的23种物种中有一个或多个可能会重新出现。 Cornell University bird biologist John Fitzpatrick is a leading figure in the hunt for the ivory-billed woodpecker. He told The Associated Press he thinks it was too early to declare the birds extinct. “Little is gained and much is lost” he said of the declaration process. 康奈尔大学鸟类生物学家约翰·菲茨帕特里克（John Fitzpatrick）是寻找象牙嘴啄木鸟的领先人物。 他告诉美联社，他认为宣布鸟类灭绝还为时过早。 他谈到宣言过程时说：“几乎没有收获，损失了很多。”Fitzpatrick led a 2005 study that claimed the woodpecker had been rediscovered in eastern Arkansas. He said removing a species from the ESA reduces public attention that is needed to help continue environmental protection efforts. 菲茨帕特里克（Fitzpatrick）领导了一项2005年的研究，该研究声称啄木鸟在阿肯色州东部重新发现。 他说，从ESA中取出一种物种可以减少公众的关注，以帮助继续环境保护工作。 Officials said the extinction declarations were driven by a desire to clear a backlog of suggested changes for species that had not been acted upon for years. They hope this will free up resources for more protection efforts for species that still have a chance for recovery. 官员们说，灭绝声明是出于渴望清除积压的对物种的积压，这些变化多年来一直没有采取任何行动。 他们希望这将为仍然有恢复机会的物种提供更多保护的资源。

The United States Fish and Wildlife Service has identified 23 species it says are now extinct. 美国鱼类和野生动物服务局已经确定了23种它已经灭绝的物种。 The agency released a list Wednesday that includes 11 birds, eight freshwater mussels, two species of fish, a bat and a plant. Most of the species had been found in states in the southeastern U.S. Eleven species lived in Hawaii or Guam. 该机构周三发布了一份清单，其中包括11只鸟类，八个淡水贻贝，两种鱼，一只蝙蝠和一只植物。 大部分物种都在美国东南部的11种居住在夏威夷或关岛的州中。Perhaps the best known species on the list is the ivory-billed woodpecker. There had been unconfirmed sightings of the bird over the past 20 years. That led to search operations in parts of Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi and Florida. But none of the woodpeckers were found. 名单上最著名的物种也许是象牙嘴啄木鸟。 在过去的20年中，鸟类尚未得到证实。 这导致了阿肯色州，路易斯安那州，密西西比州和佛罗里达部分的搜索行动。 但是找不到啄木鸟。 Other species on the list had only been identified in the wild a few times and never seen again. One example is the flat pigtoe, a freshwater mussel found in Alabama and Mississippi. In such cases, the species likely started disappearing shortly after being discovered. 名单上的其他物种仅在野外发现了几次，再也没有见过。 一个例子是扁平的玉米饼，这是在阿拉巴马州和密西西比州发现的淡水贻贝。 在这种情况下，该物种很可能在被发现后不久就开始消失。In declaring a species extinct, the Fish and Wildlife Service removes it from its Endangered Species Act (ESA). The purpose of the ESA is to call attention to species with the greatest need for protection. 在宣布一种物种灭绝的过程中，鱼类和野生动植物服务将其从其濒危物种法（ESA）中删除。 ESA的目的是引起人们对保护需求最大的物种的关注。 The agency said the identifications came after officials carried out “rigorous” investigations based on “the best available science for each of these species.” The declarations will become final after a three-month public comment period. 该机构表示，这些识别是在官员们根据“这些物种中最佳科学的最佳科学”进行“严格”调查之后进行的。 在一个三个月的公开评论期之后，声明将成为最终的。 All 23 species were thought to have at least a small chance of survival when added to the ESA list. Only 11 species have been previously removed because of extinction in the nearly half-century since the ESA was signed into law. 当将所有23种物种添加到ESA列表中时，所有23种至少都有很小的生存机会。 由于ESA被签署为法律以来，由于近半个世纪的灭绝，以前仅删除了11种。

The large, colorful birds called peacocks have spent the last 20 years walking through cities in South Florida with nothing to worry about. They are protected under the law. 在过去的20年中，大型五颜六色的鸟类在南佛罗里达州的城市中漫步，不用担心。 他们受法律受到保护。 However, local leaders voted recently to permit individual cities to remove the birds from unwanted areas. The Miami Herald newspaper reported that cities just need to have a plan to remove the birds without killing them. 但是，当地领导人最近投票通过，允许各个城市从不需要的地区删除鸟类。 《迈阿密先驱报》报道说，城市只需要制定一个计划即可删除鸟类而不杀死它们。 Raquel Regalado is a local government leader. She represents parts of the cities of Miami and Coral Gables where people want permission to remove the birds.拉奎尔·雷加拉多（Raquel Regalado）是地方政府领导人。 她代表了迈阿密和珊瑚山墙城市的一部分，人们希望允许去除鸟类。 “Mating season is when we get the most complaints. They get very aggressive,” said Regalado. She added the birds would do things like damage cars with their beaks. 雷加拉多说：“交配季节是我们收到最多的抱怨。他们变得非常积极。” 她补充说，这些鸟会用喙造成损坏汽车的事情。 Neighbors often disagree over what to do with the peacocks. 邻居常常不同意如何处理孔雀。 About two years ago, people who live in the Miami neighborhood of Coconut Grove asked city leaders to remove a large group of peacocks. The birds caused damage and left piles of waste in the streets. They called the birds “filthy and dirty.” 大约两年前，居住在椰子格罗夫（Coconut Grove）迈阿密附近的人们要求城市领导人去除一大批孔雀。 鸟儿造成了损坏，街头剩下的废物。 他们称这些鸟为“肮脏和肮脏”。 But others liked seeing the unusual birds and thought it made their neighborhood look different, in a good way. 但是其他人喜欢看到不寻常的鸟类，并认为它使他们的邻居看起来不错。Danielle Cohen Higgins represents the Palmetto Bay area. She said her neighbors do not want to see the birds harmed. They see the birds as part of the community. “We learn to live with these peacocks,” she said. Danielle Cohen Higgins代表Palmetto湾地区。 她说，她的邻居不想看到鸟受到伤害。 他们将鸟类视为社区的一部分。 她说：“我们学会与这些孔雀一起生活。” Peacocks are not native to South Florida. They originally come from Sri Lanka and other parts of Asia as well as Africa. They can be seen in zoos and places that display foreign animals. 孔雀不是南佛罗里达州的本地。 它们最初来自斯里兰卡和亚洲其他地区以及非洲。 可以在展示外国动物的动物园和地方看到它们。 The birds have been protected from killing or capturing in South Florida for about 20 years. The rule was put in place because people in the area wanted to save a group of peacocks. 这些鸟类受到保护，免受南佛罗里达州的杀戮或捕获约20年。 该规则之所以适当，是因为该地区的人们想节省一群孔雀。 But now the birds live freely in parts of Florida and they are not uncommon. It is hard to find zoos that want them while state laws prevent non-native species like peacocks from being released in the wild. 但是现在鸟类自由地生活在佛罗里达州的部分地区，它们并不少见。 很难找到想要它们的动物园，而州法律则可以防止诸如孔雀之类的非本地物种在野外释放。 Kathy Labrada works with Miami-Dade Animal Services. She said she has not yet found a zoo that wants to take the peacocks. If no zoo will accept the birds, Labrada added, they might have to be killed in a process known as euthanasia.凯西·拉布拉达（Kathy Labrada）与迈阿密戴德动物服务公司（Miami-Dade Animal Services）合作。 她说，她还没有找到想要服用孔雀的动物园。 拉布拉达补充说，如果没有动物园会接受鸟类，则可能必须在一个被称为安乐死的过程中杀死它们。The Miami Herald newspaper reported that Regalado first wanted to remove the protection for the birds completely, but other local leaders resisted. Oliver Gilbert, another local leader, asked, “Are we talking about sentencing peacocks to death now?” 《迈阿密先驱报》报道说，雷加拉多首先想完全消除对鸟类的保护，但其他当地领导人抵制。 另一位当地领导人奥利弗·吉尔伯特（Oliver Gilbert）问道：“我们现在在谈论判决孔雀现在死亡吗？” In a close vote, the local leaders finally agreed to let cities come up with a plan to deal with the birds. Regalado said the problem now will be to decide where to put the peacocks. 在仔细投票中，当地领导人最终同意让城市提出与鸟类打交道的计划。 雷加拉多说，现在的问题将是决定在哪里放孔雀。 “This really is not about killing,” she said. “This is about moving.” 她说：“这实际上不是要杀人。” “这是关于移动的。”

Graham Wallington is the co-founder of WildEarth. He said the project allowed followers to gain a sense of responsibility in the protection of the animals they love. The project also offers a possible new, dependable, and environmentally friendly way to provide income for conservation around the world.格雷厄姆·沃灵顿（Graham Wallington）是Wildearth的联合创始人。 他说，该项目允许追随者在保护自己喜欢的动物方面获得责任感。 该项目还提供了一种新的，可靠和环保的方式，以提供全球保护收入的收入。He said, "If we don't create the necessary economic incentives to conserve wildlife, it won't happen.” Current conservation income comes mainly from hunting and people visiting the protected areas. He said these current ways harmed animals, their habitats, or were largely undependable during the pandemic.他说：“如果我们不产生必要的经济激励措施来保护野生动植物，那将不会发生。” 当前的保护收入主要来自狩猎和参观保护区的人们。 他说，这些当前的方式伤害了动物，它们的栖息地，或者在大流行期间基本上是不可依赖的。He said, "We're going to have to find a solution which allows people at home to conserve nature in the wild."他说：“我们将不得不找到一种解决方案，使人们可以在家中保护大自然。”Jurie Moolman is the owner of the Djuma Game Reserve. He said even visitors to the reserve can be harmful if a protected area has too many visitors. Djuma has closed its hotels.Jurie Moolman是Djuma Game Reserve的所有者。 他说，如果受保护区有太多游客，即使是储备金的游客也可能有害。 Djuma关闭了酒店。He said that the reserve is trying to reduce its harmful effects to the earth. He added that organizations like WildEarth and the NFT program allow them to continue to share Djuma with people everywhere, while also keeping the habitat safe from harm.他说，该保护区正试图减少其对地球的有害影响。 他补充说，像Wildearth和NFT计划这样的组织使他们能够继续与各地的人们共享Djuma，同时还可以使栖息地免受伤害。The NFTs will however need to be continuously resold for them to become a dependable source of income for the reserves. Each time an NFT is resold, a percentage of that sale will go to the reserve. It is unknown if there will be a demand for this.但是，NFT将需要连续转售，以使其成为储备金的可靠收入来源。 每次转售NFT时，该销售的百分比都将用于预备役。 未知是否有需求。Even with this, Wallington is looking to expand. He hopes to sign up reserves in the country's south. The homes of flightless birds called penguins and Kenya's large reserve called the Maasai Mara are both in the south.即使这样，沃灵顿仍在寻求扩展。 他希望在该国南部签署储备。 无飞行的鸟类的房屋称为企鹅和肯尼亚的大型保护区，称为Maasai Mara，都在南部。He said, "We've got a plan to scale this, in our roadmap, to all conservation areas around the world.”他说：“我们有一个计划在路线图中扩展到世界各地的所有保护区。”

WildEarth works to protect animals through broadcasts and other technology. It is now creating NFTs linked to 25 popular animals in the protected wildlife area the Djuma Game Reserve in South Africa. It is selling the NFTs to raise money for conservation.Wildearth致力于通过广播和其他技术保护动物。 现在，它正在创建与受保护的野生动植物区Djuma Game Reserve在南非的25种受欢迎动物相关的NFT。 它正在出售NFT来筹集资金进行保护。NFT stands for non-fungible token. It is based on a technology called blockchain, which is also used with digital currencies known as cryptocurrencies. It became largely popular last year.NFT代表不可杀死的令牌。 它基于一种称为区块链的技术，该技术也与称为加密货币的数字货币一起使用。 去年它在很大程度上变得很流行。An NFT can be attached to a piece of digital artwork or other things existing in digital form. The NFT can be used to provide proof that the pieces are real. While anyone can view the work, the buyer has official ownership rights over the pieces.NFT可以连接到数字艺术品或数字形式存在的其他事物上。 NFT可用于提供证明这些碎片是真实的。 虽然任何人都可以查看工作，但买方拥有对这些作品的官方所有权。The most popular NFT for the Djuma Game Reserve comes from Tlalamba. Tlalamba is a four-year-old leopard, a kind of large cat. She is a leading cat for her territory, which means she is called a queen. And she has had two babies, called cubs.Djuma Game Reserve最受欢迎的NFT来自Tlalamba。 特拉兰巴（Tlalamba）是一只四岁的豹子，是一种大猫。 她是领土的主要猫，这意味着她被称为女王。 她有两个婴儿，叫幼崽。Buyers of the NFTs will get special access to images, videos and information about animals like Tlalamba on an app. They can talk to other NFT owners on that app. Buyers will also get voting rights for the names of Tlalamba's cubs and the ability to buy the cubs future NFTs first.NFTS的买家将特别访问有关应用程序中Tlalamba等动物的图像，视频和信息。 他们可以在该应用程序上与其他NFT所有者交谈。 买家还将获得Tlalamba幼崽名称的投票权，以及首先购买Cubs Future NFT的能力。Forty percent of the earnings go to taking care of the animals' habitat, or where the animals live. Some $16,000 has been raised for the Djuma Game Reserve from the sale of 1,000 NFTs. Each NFT costs around $200.收入的40％用于照顾动物的栖息地或动物居住的地方。 从1,000名NFT出售的Djuma Game Reserve筹集了约16,000美元。 每个NFT的成本约为200美元。

Jumoke Olowookere's latest works are made from used vehicle tires painted in red, yellow and green. The creations join a collection of used plastic, cloth, wine corks, corn husks and other materials in what is called “Waste Museum” in Nigeria. Jumoke Olowookere的最新作品由用红色，黄色和绿色涂上的二手车轮胎制成。 这些作品在尼日利亚的“废物博物馆”中加入了二手塑料，布，葡萄酒软木塞，玉米壳和其他材料的集合。 Olowookere said the museum is the first of its kind in Africa. She is part of a growing number of Nigerians who are using waste material to make art and clothing. Their work calls attention to the damaging effects of waste on the environment. 奥洛克雷说，博物馆是非洲第一个同类博物馆。 她是越来越多的尼日利亚人的一部分，他们正在使用废物制作艺术品和服装。 他们的工作引起人们对废物对环境的破坏性影响的关注。 At the recent opening ceremony for the museum in Ibadan city, she said, “With the Waste Museum, we are showcasing the value of waste.” 在最近在伊巴丹市博物馆开幕式上，她说：“在废物博物馆中，我们正在展示废物的价值。” “We want people to see how waste can be turned into wealth. Our ultimate goal is to ensure that no waste goes into the landfill –– a zero-waste future is possible,” she added. 她补充说：“我们希望人们看到浪费如何变成财富。我们的最终目标是确保没有浪费进入垃圾填埋场 - 零浪费的未来是可能的。”Olowookere said she had the idea for a museum when she saw the amount of waste that came from her home. She started collecting the waste while reading up on how to reduce and recycle waste. Recycling is a process to make something new from something that has been used before. 奥洛克雷（Olowookere）说，当她看到家中的大量废物时，她有一个博物馆的想法。 她开始收集废物，同时阅读如何减少和回收浪费。 回收是一个从以前使用的东西中制作新事物的过程。 With support from the United States African Development Foundation, the Waste Museum was born.在美国非洲发展基金会的支持下，废物博物馆诞生了。 Olowookere said she collected waste material from people's homes for her works. And she also makes equipment for play areas for children at school, called playgrounds. Work from other artists is also shown at the museum. It includes furniture and housing material made from old car tires and jewelry produced from bottle tops. Olowookere说，她为自己的作品收集了人们家中的废物材料。 她还为学校的儿童游乐区制造了设备，称为游乐场。 博物馆还展示了其他艺术家的作品。 它包括由旧车轮胎制成的家具和住房材料，以及用瓶顶生产的珠宝。The “Waste Museum” also provides environmental education and helps women and youth from underserved communities with upcycling skills. Upcycling reuses waste material to create a new product. “废物博物馆”还提供了环境教育，并帮助来自服务不足社区的妇女和青年具有升级技能。 升级垃圾材料以创建新产品。Nigeria is Africa's biggest oil producer. Additionally, it has more than 200 million people. Plastic waste, like leftover bags, and food and drink containers, are commonly thrown into the streets and other public areas. Throwing waste into public areas and the environment is called littering. 尼日利亚是非洲最大的石油生产商。 此外，它拥有超过2亿人。 塑料废物，例如剩余的袋子，食物和饮料容器，通常被扔到街道和其他公共区域。 将浪费扔到公共区域，环境被称为乱扔垃圾。A lot of waste in Nigeria ends up in the waterways that lead into the Gulf of Guinea, an area in the Atlantic Ocean. That has led to concerns about the amount of plastic entering the sea. 尼日利亚的许多废物最终进入了通向大西洋地区几内亚湾的水道。 这引起了人们对进入大海的塑料量的担忧。 Olowookere told Reuters, "We have a long way to go to get to that sustainable world without waste. We need to get up and take responsibility for our waste. Stop littering the world with your waste.” 奥洛克雷（Olowookere）告诉路透社：“我们还有很长的路要走，而无需浪费。我们需要起床并为浪费承担责任。停止用浪费垃圾世界。”

Chinese lawmakers recently entered a fierce online debate on whether fireworks should be used to celebrate the Lunar New year this February. They said a total ban on fireworks in the country credited with inventing the noisemakers would be hard to enforce. 中国立法者最近就是否应使用烟花来庆祝今年2月的农历新年。 他们说，对该国的烟花汇演的全面禁令将很难发明噪声制造商。 Lawmakers said air pollution prevention and fire safety laws have led to "differences in understanding" of the ban on fireworks. However, it was never a total ban. 议员们说，预防空气污染和消防法已导致“理解”对禁令的理解差异。 但是，这绝不是完全禁令。 In 2017, official data showed 444 cities had banned fireworks. Since then, some of the cities have loosened the bans. They permit fireworks at certain times of the year and at special places. 2017年，官方数据显示，有444个城市禁止了烟火。 从那以后，一些城市松开了禁令。 它们在一年中的某些时间和特殊地方允许烟火。 This month, however, many counties made announcements banning fireworks, restarting discussion on the ban. 但是，本月，许多县发布了禁止烟火的宣布，重新启动了有关禁令的讨论。 "We've the right to fireworks," wrote a user of Weibo, a popular Chinese online discussion service. “我们有权烟火，”一家流行的中国在线讨论服务微博的用户写道。Chinese folklore says the earliest fireworks were invented 2,000 years ago to drive away the "nian.” The nian, the story goes, was a monster that hunted people and animals before the Lunar New Year, or Spring Festival. 中国民间传说说，最早的烟花是在2000年前发明的，以驱逐“尼安”。 故事讲的是，尼安（Nian）是一个怪物，在农历新年或春季节之前猎杀了人和动物。 Since then, fireworks came to be used to celebrate other events. This January, after three years of COVID-19 restrictions were lifted, some people ignored bans - and officials - and set off firecrackers. 从那时起，烟花开始被用来庆祝其他活动。 今年1月，在取消了三年的Covid -19限制之后，有些人忽略了禁令和官员，并引发了鞭炮。Some Chinese say the fireworks bans were necessary to protect the environment. 一些中国人说，烟火禁令是保护环境的必要条件。An online opinion study by the official Beijing Youth Daily found that over 80 percent of people supported fireworks during Spring Festival. The festival is the most important holiday on the Chinese calendar. 北京青年日报的一项在线意见研究发现，超过80％的人在春季音乐节上支持烟花。 节日是中国日历上最重要的假期。 Some also said the ban was ironic after the United Nations recently named the Spring Festival an official holiday, a move supported by Chinese officials.一些人还说，该禁令是讽刺的，在联合国最近将春节命名为正式假期之后，这一举动是由中国官员支持的。"The Spring Festival belongs to the world, but China's is almost gone," wrote another Weibo user. 另一位微博用户写道：“春节属于世界，但中国几乎消失了。”Southern Hunan province is a worldwide supplier of fireworks. Its exports totaled $579 million from January to November, state media reported. That number is far greater than domestic sales. 匈奴省南部是全球烟火供应商。 据州媒体报道，从1月到11月，其出口总额为5.79亿美元。 这个数字远大于国内销售。

Dong Tao chicken has been a food of choice for generations in Vietnam for the Lunar New Year, or Tet. 东陶鸡一直是越南几代人的首选食物，享受农历新年或TET。 The rare bird is known for its strangely large feet. It is also known as a “dragon chicken.” The chicken gets its name from the village of Dong Tao, about 30 kilometers southeast of Hanoi. 这只稀有的鸟以其奇怪的大脚而闻名。 它也被称为“龙鸡”。 这只鸡的名字来自河内东南约30公里的东陶村。 Dong Tao chickens are believed to bring good luck and wealth to their owners. At one point, they were only bred to serve meat for the royal families and officials. 据信，东陶鸡会给所有者带来好运和财富。 在某一时刻，他们只是繁殖为王室和官员提供肉类。 Today, demand for Dong Tao chicken in Vietnam has risen sharply. That demand comes from a growing number of wealthy people in one of Asia's fastest-growing economies. 如今，越南对东陶鸡的需求急剧上升。 这种需求来自亚洲一个增长最快的经济体中越来越多的富人。 Le Trong Dung is a chicken farmer in the village of Dong Tao. He told Reuters that a fully-grown Dong Tao chicken at one year old sells for $200 and sometimes as much as $400. Le Trong Dung是Dong Tao村的养鸡者。 他告诉路透社，一只完全生长的dong tao鸡在一岁时以200美元的价格卖出，有时多达400美元。The demand for Dong Tao chicken is also fueled by its rich taste. 对东陶鸡的需求也被其丰富的味道所增强。 Loc Duc Toan is a 25-year-old cook in Hanoi. Toan said a Dong Tao chicken has its best taste at the age of 13 to 15 months. "When steamed, the skin will be crispy with a fragrant aroma of its own and a sweeter meat compared to other normal chicken," Toan said. Loc Duc Toan是河内的25岁厨师。 托恩说，在13至15个月的时间里，一只东陶鸡的口味最佳。 托安说：“蒸时，皮肤会酥脆，与其他普通鸡肉相比，芬芳的香气和肉更甜美。” Nguyen Thi Hong Nhung is a chicken farmer, She said the most valuable parts of Dong Tao chickens are its legs. 她说，Nguyen Thi Hong Nhung是一名农民，她说，Dong Tao鸡最有价值的部分是它的腿。 Their large legs make it difficult for them to hatch from their eggs. Sometimes, they can accidentally break their eggs. 他们的大腿使他们很难从卵子上孵化。 有时，他们会意外打破鸡蛋。 It takes about a year to raise a Dong Tao chicken, compared to three months for other kinds. 饲养dong tao鸡大约需要一年的时间，而其他类型则需要三个月。 The chickens are now also raised beyond the village of Dong Tao. That means more people may have the chance to buy a Dong Tao chicken. But Phan Van Hieu, a Dong Tao agriculture official, said chickens raised in the village and fed with its native rice and corn have the best taste. 现在，这些鸡也被饲养在东陶村之外。 这意味着更多的人可能有机会购买Dong Tao鸡。 但是，宗陶农业官员潘·范·海（Phan van Hieu）说，鸡在村里饲养，喂给本地米饭和玉米的鸡肉味道最佳。 "Production hasn't met domestic demand yet," Hieu added. "I'm sure you won't find any Dong Tao chicken in any KFC restaurants in [the] foreseeable future." Hieu补充说：“产量尚未满足国内需求。” “我敢肯定，在可预见的未来，您在任何肯德基餐馆都不会找到任何dong Tao鸡肉。”

Leonora Buenviaje has been making women's clothes out of waste materials, usually dresses. She says wearing clothes made from waste materials can be both economical and look good. Leonora Buenviaje一直在用废物（通常是衣服）制作女士的衣服。 她说，穿着用废料制成的衣服既经济又看起来不错。 Buenviaje is 51-years-old and from Cainta in the Philippines, about 15 kilometers east of the capital Manilla. Buenviaje今年51岁，来自菲律宾的Cainta，在首都马尼拉以东约15公里处。 To make her dresses, she uses a foot-operated sewing machine to join together the waste materials. These include recycled newspapers, plastic wrapping and rice sacks. 为了制作她的衣服，她使用脚踏式缝纫机将废料结合在一起。 这些包括回收报纸，塑料包装和米袋。 Recycling is when something new is made from something that has been used before. 回收是在以前使用的东西制成的新事物时。 The process Buenviaje uses to join the materials together is called sewing. Sewing combines two pieces of cloth or is used to repair cloth. She creates new and beautiful clothes women can wear. They are sometimes completed with a piece called a headdress that goes on top of the head. Buenviaje用来将材料结合在一起的过程称为缝纫。 缝纫结合两块布或用于修理布。 她创造了女性可以穿的新衣服。 他们有时会用一个名为“头饰”的作品完成。 "The bubble wraps from delivery packages are nice looking and make for a good design, especially the black and white wraps," she said. Bubble wrap is a plastic product that is used to protect goods that are being delivered. She said white bubble wraps were good for making wedding dresses. 她说：“送货包装的气泡包装看起来很漂亮，并且可以设计出良好的设计，尤其是黑白包装。” 气泡包装是一种塑料产品，用于保护正在交付的商品。 她说，白色泡泡包装非常适合制作婚纱。 The dresses sell for between $30 to $50. They are used for everything from coming-of-age parties for a woman's 18th birthday, called debuts, to weddings. 这些礼服的售价在30至50美元之间。 它们用于从妇女的18岁生日的年龄段聚会到婚礼的所有事物。 In Asia, there is plenty of waste material for Buenviaje to work with: about 80 percent of the world ocean plastic is estimated to come from Asian rivers. A 2021 report by Oxford University's online publication, Our World in Data, found that the Philippines is responsible for one third of Asia's ocean plastic pollution. 在亚洲，Buenviaje可以使用大量废物：据估计，大约80％的世界海洋塑料来自亚洲河流。 牛津大学在线出版物《我们的数据世界》的一份报告发现，菲律宾造成了亚洲海洋塑料污染的三分之一。 "It's important to recycle or utilize used materials so we can help our earth," said Lalaine Alcalde, who buys clothes from Buenviaje. 从Buenviaje购买衣服的Lalaine Alcalde说：“回收或使用二手材料，以便我们可以帮助地球，这一点很重要。”Buenviaje said the recycled materials used for each dress depend on what her buyers are looking for. Buenviaje说，每件衣服使用的可回收材料取决于买家的需求。 She said her dresses are used in beauty competitions and are popular with young girls. 她说，她的礼服用于美容比赛，并受到年轻女孩的欢迎。 "I get delighted whenever they win, the designs are simple but they still win," she said. 她说：“每当他们获胜时，我都会感到高兴，这些设计很简单，但它们仍然赢了。”Buenviaje hopes in-person clothing shows called fashion shows and competitions that were stopped during the pandemic will begin again soon. Buenviaje希望在大流行期间停止的时装秀和比赛中的面对面的服装节目将很快开始。 She also aims to organize fashion shows herself to show and help others find ideas to create clothing out of recycled materials. 她还旨在组织时装秀，以展示并帮助其他人找到用回收材料创造服装的想法。

But there is a dispute within Cyprus about what makes true Halloumi cheese. Should it be made from cow's milk which has a mellower taste? Or should it be made from goat and ewe milk, as traditionalists argue? 但是，塞浦路斯在《真正的Halloumi奶酪》中存在争议。 应该由牛奶制成，牛奶的牛奶味道含有米洛牛奶的味道？ 还是正如传统主义者所说，应该由山羊和母乳制成？ Panteli started making Halloumi with guidance from a family member. "It was all trial and error with a small pot, then a bigger pot - and just like Steve Jobs - in our garage," he said. 潘特利（Panteli）在家庭成员的指导下开始制作哈洛米（Halloumi）。 他说：“这是一个小锅，然后是一个更大的锅 - 就像史蒂夫·乔布斯（Steve Jobs）一样 - 在我们的车库里。” He uses ewe's milk to make his Halloumi. He cooks the milk in rennet which thickens the liquid to a solid form called a curdle. After resting, curdles are cut and reheated. Panteli adds salt and puts them in a solution called brine for a few hours. Then, they are done and he prepares for market. 他用母羊的牛奶制作了他的Halloumi。 他将牛奶煮在肾脏中，将液体变稠为固体形式，称为凝乳。 休息后，凝乳被切割并重新加热。 潘特利（Panteli）添加盐，并将其放入称为盐水的溶液中几个小时。 然后，他们完成了，他为市场做准备。 Panteli only has a permit to sell directly to consumers. And he is limited to producing 150 liters of milk a day.Panteli只有直接向消费者出售的许可证。 而且他仅限于每天生产150升牛奶。 But his product is popular. He makes videos on TikTok and the social media service X to let people know where to find him. He usually sells all his cheese within two hours of opening sales. 但是他的产品很受欢迎。 他在Tiktok和社交媒体服务X上制作视频，以便让人们知道在哪里可以找到他。 他通常在开放销售后的两个小时内出售所有奶酪。"Nobody is making the real thing anymore, and that is our aim," Panteli said. He spoke to the Reuters news agency while standing near about 300 noisy sheep at his farm west of Nicosia. 潘特利说：“没有人再做真实的事情，这就是我们的目标。” 他在他的尼科西亚（Nicosia）西部的农场附近站着约300只嘈杂的绵羊，与路透社通讯社进行了交谈。 But some farmers on the Mediterranean island say that Panteli's method is not workable for all. 但是地中海岛上的一些农民说，潘特利的方法对所有人都不可行。 Nicos Papakyriakou is head of the organization that represents cow farmers. He said that based on an older 1985 trade agreement, Halloumi cheese is made out of not only goat and ewes' milk but cows' milk as well. Nicos Papakyriakou是代表牛农的组织负责人。 他说，基于1985年的一项较旧的贸易协定，Halloumi奶酪不仅是由山羊和母羊的“牛奶，而且还由母牛”牛奶制成。He says the mellow taste of cows' milk has permitted Halloumi to capture overseas markets. "The PDO says it should smell like a farm," he said. He questioned if people would buy it if it smelled “like goats!” 他说，奶牛牛奶的柔和味道使Halloumi捕获了海外市场。 他说：“ PDO说应该闻起来像个农场。” 他询问人们是否闻起来“像山羊！”是否会购买它。

On a recent cold winter night in the Cypriot capital Nicosia, long lines of people began to form in a public parking area. The crowd was gathering for the arrival of cheesemaker Pantelis Panteli and the load of Halloumi he had for sale. 在最近在塞浦路斯首都尼科西亚（Nicosia）的一个寒冷的冬夜，在公共停车场开始形成一排人。 人群聚集在一起，供奶酪制造商Pantelis Panteli和他出售的Halloumi负载。 Panteli is a relative newcomer to the tradition of Halloumi-making. He had a career as a pilot with Cyprus Airways until 2013, He lost the job as the former company started closing down. Panteli decided to try a very different line of work: cheese-making. The man had found his new career. Panteli是Halloumi制作传统的相对新来者。 直到2013年，他一直在塞浦路斯航空公司（Cyprus Airways）担任飞行员的职业生涯，当前公司开始关闭时，他失去了工作。 潘特利（Panteli）决定尝试截然不同的工作：制作奶酪。 该男子找到了他的新职业。 But, now the newcomer has become an unlikely defender of traditional cheese-making for Cyprus's prized Halloumi. 但是，现在，新来者已经成为塞浦路斯珍贵的Halloumi的传统奶酪制作的不可能的捍卫者。 The European Union named Halloumi a product of Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) in 2021. That means that only approved producers from Cyprus can market the cheese under that name. In exchange for the PDO, Cyprus agreed to increase the quantity of ewe or goat milk to just over 50 percent by July 2024. 欧盟在2021年将哈洛米（Halloumi）命名为受保护原产地指定（PDO）的产物。这意味着只有塞浦路斯的批准的生产商才能以该名称销售奶酪。 为了换取PDO，塞浦路斯同意到2024年7月将母羊或山羊奶的数量增加到50％以上。 But Cypriot farmers are protesting the agreement over a dispute about the ingredients. Industry stakeholders say ewe and goat's milk is highly seasonal, and could therefore affect production levels. Cheese makers had threatened to shut their operations because there was not enough milk. And cattle-raising farmers were angered at the threat to the milk cow market. 但是，塞浦路斯农民就成分的争议抗议达成协议。 行业利益相关者说，母羊和山羊的牛奶是季节性的，因此可能影响生产水平。 奶酪制造商威胁要关闭其业务，因为没有足够的牛奶。 养牛的农民对牛奶牛市场的威胁感到愤怒。 So Cyprus officials now plan to delay the agreement to 2029. 因此，塞浦路斯官员现在计划将协议推迟到2029年。Soft, rubbery Halloumi can be eaten raw. There are also many ways to cook it --- over a fire or heated in liquid or oil. The cheese keeps its shape well in cooking. It is a popular food and the island's second largest export. Medicines are first. 柔软的橡胶Halloumi可以生吃。 也有很多方法可以用液体或油加热或加热。 奶酪在烹饪方面保持良好状态。 它是一种受欢迎的食物，也是该岛的第二大出口。 药物是首先。

In her small home in the capital of Greece, Athens, 93-year-old Ioanna Matsouka has knit thousands of brightly colored scarves for children in need from Greece to Bosnia to Ukraine. She has no plans to stop just yet.在她在雅典首都的小房子里，现年93岁的ioanna Matsouka为从希腊到波斯尼亚再到乌克兰的儿童都编织了数千件鲜艳的围巾。 她还没有计划停下来。 "Until I die, I will be knitting," Matsouka told Reuters. Her knitting tools called needles made noises through her expert fingers, her nails painted red. "It brings me joy to share them,” she said. “直到我死了，我将编织。” Matsouka告诉路透社。 她称为针的编织工具通过她的专业手指发出噪音，指甲涂成红色。 她说：“这让我很高兴分享它们。” Since she took up knitting in the 1990s, Matsouka has easily made over 3,000 scarves, her daughters estimate. 自从她在1990年代开始编织以来，Matsouka很容易制作3,000多件围巾，她的女儿估计。 By the door to her home, bags filled with her latest creations await their new owners. A knitted blanket is thrown over a large chair where she spends her days. 在她家的门口，袋子里装满了她的最新作品，等待着他们的新主人。 一张针织毯子被扔在一把大椅子上，在那里她度过了一天。In the beginning, the scarves were gifted to friends. As the number of scarves grew, they were donated to children's homes across Greece. Then, through people she knew, they reached children in Bosnia and Ukraine. The latest 70 scarves went to a refugee camp near Athens this winter, via the United Nations refugee agency UNHCR. 一开始，围巾被赠予朋友。 随着围巾的数量，它们被捐赠给希腊的儿童住宅。 然后，通过她认识的人，他们在波斯尼亚和乌克兰接触了孩子。 最新的70艘围巾于今年冬天通过联合国难民署难民署前往雅典附近的难民营。 "The fact that we give them away gives her strength," said her daughter Angeliki. 她的女儿安吉利基（Angeliki）说：“我们赠送了他们的力量。” She recounted simple artwork and mail her mother received over the years: "Thank you, be well, keep going. You gave joy to children; you gave joy to people... That's her only reward: a letter, a few words." 她讲述了简单的艺术品，并邮寄了母亲多年来收到的邮寄：“谢谢你，要继续前进。Matsouka knits one scarf a day now. Her eyesight suffers and she sometimes has severe facial pain, a condition known as trigeminal neuralgia.Matsouka现在每天编织一条围巾。 她的视力遭受了痛苦，有时会出现严重的面部疼痛，这种疾病被称为三叉神经痛。 Angeliki says her mother is an example of strength and hope. 安吉利基（Angeliki）说，她的母亲是力量和希望的一个例子。 Matsouka wakes up every morning, drinks a glass of milk, puts on her jewelry and gets to work. She takes a break for lunch and a short sleep, then knits into the night. Matsouka每天早晨醒来，喝一杯牛奶，戴上珠宝并上班。 她休息一下午餐和短暂的睡眠，然后编织到夜晚。She may have even found the secret to a long life in it, she says. "It's the happiness I get from giving," she said, sitting beside a big blue bag filled with the knitting materials.她说，她甚至可能已经找到了长寿的秘诀。 她说：“这是我给予的幸福。”

The amount of the world's electricity generated by solar panels continues to rise sharply to nearly 7% of global supply. 全球太阳能电池板的发电量继续大幅上升，达到了全球电力供应量的近 7%。 China is at the forefront, with more than half of the rise taking place there. Wind power also continues to grow, while hydroelectric remains the world's largest single source of renewable energy. 中国正领跑太阳能发电，目前太阳能发电量超过一半的增长都来自中国。风力发电也在继续增长，而水力发电则依然是世界上最大的可再生能源。 But a warming planet means more heatwaves and more demand for electricity to cool us down. So a hot 2024 caused a rise in overall demand and a slight increase in the amount of fossil fuels used, mainly at coal and gas-powered stations. 但全球变暖意味着会出现更多热浪天气，以及更高的电力需求来为我们降温。所以，2024 年的高温还是导致了总体电力需求的上涨以及化石燃料消耗的小幅上升，这些上升主要来自于使用燃煤和天然气的发电站。

When thinking of giant animals, dinosaurs might be the first creatures you think of. But before the dinosaurs became extinct, and before the first ever humans existed, there was megafauna. In zoology, this means large animals.当思考巨型动物时，恐龙可能是您想到的第一批生物。 但是在恐龙灭绝之前，在有史以来第一个人类存在之前，有Megafauna。 在动物学中，这意味着大动物。One of the largest known mammals to have ever walked the Earth is the Paraceratherium – picture a gigantic hornless rhino, and you'll have a rough idea of what they looked like. They lived around 25 million years ago and were most common in areas of the world that are now part of Asia, such as China, India and Kazakhstan. From excavated fossils, these creatures are estimated to have been almost six metres tall – that's the height of two buses on top of each other! 曾经走过地球的最大的已知哺乳动物之一就是游牧 - 想象一个巨大的无角犀牛，您将对它们的外观有一个粗略的了解。 他们居住于大约2500万年前，在现在已经是亚洲的一部分的地区，例如中国，印度和哈萨克斯坦。 从挖掘的化石中，估计这些生物已经高六米，这是两辆公共汽车的高度！ And it's not just land enormous creatures lived on – they were in the skies and oceans too. The Argentavis is the largest flying bird to have been discovered. It lived until around six million years ago and had a wingspan of seven metres, over twice the size of the Andean condor, which is one of the largest birds on Earth today. And we can't forget the giant shark that roamed the oceans, megalodon. Imagine swimming in the sea and coming across an 18-metre-long shark! Don't worry. They died out around 2.6 million years ago. 而且，这不仅是土地巨大的生物，而且还在天空和海洋中。 阿根廷是发现的最大的飞鸟。 它一直活到大约600万年前，翼展为7米，是安第斯秃鹰的两倍以上，这是当今地球上最大的鸟类之一。 而且我们不能忘记漫游海洋的巨型鲨鱼，Megalodon。 想象一下在海里游泳，遇到一条18米长的鲨鱼！ 不用担心。 他们大约在260万年前去世。So, why were pre-historic animals so huge? There are a number of reasons. One is that, in the past, resources were more plentiful, so species were able to grow larger because they could eat more. Scientists also believe that during certain periods of history, such as in the Carboniferous period, there were higher oxygen levels on Earth. At this time, some insects grew to the size of cars because of better oxygen delivery in their tracheal system, the network of tubes that enable insects to breathe. 那么，为什么史前动物如此巨大？ 有很多原因。 一个是，过去的资源更丰富，因此物种能够生长更大，因为它们可以吃得更多。 科学家还认为，在历史的某些时期，例如石炭纪时期，地球上的氧气水平较高。 目前，由于气管系统中的氧气递送更好，该昆虫的大小是汽车的大小，这是使昆虫呼吸的试管网络。 Can you picture animals being so huge today? 您能想象动物今天如此巨大吗？

The fifth-tallest building in the world, the Lotte World Tower, has opened in Seoul, South Korea. 世界第五高建筑乐天世界塔已在韩国首尔开业。 The event was celebrated in a ceremony with a fireworks display that lit up the building and the sky. 该活动在仪式上庆祝，烟花表演灯光照亮了建筑物和天空。The 123-story glass and steel structure is South Korea's tallest building. It rises 555 meters above the Seoul skyline. 123层的玻璃和钢结构是韩国最高的建筑。 它上升了首尔的天际线555米。 The tower features the world's highest floor made of glass. From this observation area, visitors can look straight down to the busy traffic about one-half kilometer below. 该塔设有世界上最高的玻璃楼层。 从这个观察区域中，游客可以直视下方约一半公里的繁忙交通。 The building also has the highest swimming pool in the world, as well as the world's fastest elevator. The elevator can reportedly take passengers to the top of the building in just one minute. 该建筑物也是世界上最高的游泳池，也是世界上最快的电梯。 据报道，电梯可以在短短一分钟内将乘客带到建筑物的顶部。The Lotte World Tower houses offices, personal residences and a seven-star hotel. The top 10 floors are used for public events and entertainment, including the observation deck and a rooftop restaurant. Attached is a large complex with a shopping mall, aquarium, movie theater, music hall and amusement park. Lotte World Tower房屋办公室，个人住宅和七星级酒店。 前10层楼用于公共活动和娱乐，包括观察甲板和屋顶餐厅。 附件是一个大型综合大楼，设有购物中心，水族馆，电影院，音乐厅和游乐园。 The launch came during a troubled time for the Lotte Group, which is known for its international chain of supermarkets. The group's chairman and some of his family members recently went on trial for fraud and other charges. 发射是在Lotte Group陷入困境的时期，该集团以其国际超市而闻名。 该组织的董事长和他的一些家庭成员最近因欺诈和其他指控而接受了审判。 Lotte has also faced problems in China, where the government reportedly retaliated against it for providing land in South Korea for the U.S.-built THAAD anti-missile system. 洛特（Lotte）在中国也面临问题，据报道，政府因在韩国为美国建造的THAAD反导系统提供土地而对其进行报复。 The building was designed by American architecture company Kohn Pedersen Fox (KPF). It cost about $3.6 billion to build. 该建筑是由美国建筑公司Kohn Pedersen Fox（KPF）设计的。 建造费用约为36亿美元。The company said the design combines “a modern aesthetic with forms inspired by the historic Korean arts of ceramics, porcelain and calligraphy.” 该公司表示，该设计将“现代美学与受历史悠久的陶瓷，瓷器和书法艺术启发的形式结合在一起。” KPF also designed the building that used to be South Korea's tallest building - Northeast Asia Trade Tower – which opened in the city of Incheon in 2014. KPF还设计了曾经是韩国最高建筑物东北亚贸易塔的建筑，该建筑于2014年在仁川市开业。 Below is a list of the top 10 tallest buildings in the world. 以下是世界上十大建筑物的清单。

Skyscrapers were invented in the United States. 摩天大楼是在美国发明的。 Two new technological developments made very tall buildings possible in the late 1800s. One development was the mechanical elevator. It meant that people would not have to climb many steps to reach the upper floors of tall buildings. It saved time and effort. 1800年代后期，两项新的技术发展使建筑物成为可能。 一个发展是机械电梯。 这意味着人们不必爬上许多步骤才能到达高层建筑的上层。 它节省了时间和精力。The second was good quality steel that could carry the heavy load of a tall structure. These two developments helped make the skyscraper possible. 第二个是高质量的钢，可以承受高大的结构的重量。 这两个发展有助于使摩天大楼成为可能。 Many experts consider the Home Insurance Building in Chicago, Illinois to be the first skyscraper. It was completed in 1885 and later increased to a height of 55 meters. Today, this would not be considered tall. But at the time, this height was striking. 许多专家认为伊利诺伊州芝加哥的家庭保险大楼是第一批摩天大楼。 它于1885年完成，后来增加到55米的高度。 今天，这不会被认为是高个子。 但是当时，这个高度令人震惊。 What was different about the Home Insurance Building was its structure. It was built using a steel frame. 房屋保险大楼的不同之处在于它的结构。 它是使用钢架建造的。 This frame carried the weight of the building rather than the walls. The method was known as “skeleton construction” at the time. Before this technology, a tall building required thick stone walls to support its weight. Thick walls are extremely heavy and take up a big area that could be used for floor space or windows. 该框架带有建筑物的重量，而不是墙壁。 该方法当时被称为“骨架构造”。 在这项技术之前，一栋高建筑物需要厚的石墙来支撑其重量。 厚的墙壁非常重，并占用可用于地板或窗户的大区域。 William Jenney was the engineer who helped build the Home Insurance Building. He understood the possibilities that steel frames could offer. Some people consider him the father of the skyscraper. 威廉·詹妮（William Jenney）是帮助建造家庭保险大楼的工程师。 他了解钢架可以提供的可能性。 有人认为他是摩天大楼的父亲。 Soon after the building was finished, builders in Chicago and New York City began copying and improving on the idea of building upwards. Builders in these cities and others would also begin competing for the title of “tallest building.” 建筑物完成后不久，芝加哥和纽约市的建筑商开始复制和改进建造的想法。 这些城市和其他人的建筑商也将开始争夺“最高建筑物”的头衔。The Empire State building in New York City was completed in 1931. It was the tallest building in the world for more than 40 years. It is still one of the most popular. Millions of visitors have seen New York from observation areas in this building. 纽约市的帝国大厦于1931年完成。这是40多年来世界上最高的建筑。 它仍然是最受欢迎的之一。 数以百万计的游客从这座建筑物的观察区看到了纽约。 Chicago became home to the world's tallest building in 1973 when the Sears Tower was completed. It is 442 meters tall. The Sears Tower, which is now called Willis Tower, was the tallest building in the world for 23 years. Then, in 1996, two taller buildings were completed. They are the Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. They are about 452 meters tall. 1973年，西尔斯大厦（Sears Tower）完成时，芝加哥成为了世界上最高建筑物的所在地。 它高442米。 西尔斯塔（Sears Tower）现在称为威利斯塔（Willis Tower），是世界上23年来最高的建筑。 然后，在1996年，建造了两座更高的建筑物。 他们是马来西亚吉隆坡的石油塔。 他们高约452米。The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH) is a nonprofit organization based in Chicago that studies tall buildings and their place in the design of cities. CTBUH supports tall buildings as a way to create more sustainable cities to live in. The group publishes a list of the world's tallest buildings. Today, the Burj Khalifa in Dubai is considered the tallest building at 828 meters. 高层建筑和城市栖息地理事会（CTBUH）是一个位于芝加哥的非营利组织，研究高建筑物及其在城市设计中的地位。 CTBUH支持高大的建筑物，以创建更可持续的城市来居住。该集团发布了世界上最高的建筑物的清单。 如今，迪拜的Burj Khalifa被认为是828米的最高建筑物。 The tallest building in the United States and North America is One World Trade Center in New York, which replaced the two towers of the World Trade Center destroyed in the terrorist attacks against the United States in 2001. One World Trade Center stands at 541 meters. 美国和北美最高的建筑物是纽约的一个世界贸易中心，该中心取代了2001年在恐怖袭击美国的世界贸易中心的两座塔楼。一个世界贸易中心位于541米处。

Once-common butterflies, like the small tortoiseshell, the chalkhill blue and the small copper, had their worst year ever in 2024. The latest figures show, for the first time, more than half the UK's butterfly species are now in long-term decline. 一些一度十分常见的蝴蝶种类，比如荨麻蛱蝶、白垩丘蓝灰蝶（chalkhill blue）和红灰蝶，都在 2024 年经历了最严重的物种衰退。最新数据显示出了前所未有的状况，超过一半的英国蝴蝶物种正处于长期衰退状态。 Dr Richard Fox from the charity Butterfly Conservation described the figures as devastating. But he said people could make an immediate difference by not cutting their grass between April and September to create more habitats for butterflies and other species to thrive. 公益机构蝴蝶保护组织（Butterfly Conservation）的理查德·福克斯博士称这一数据令人震惊。但他表示，人们可以立即帮助扭转这一趋势，通过从四月到九月之间不修剪草坪的方式来为蝴蝶和其它物种创造赖以繁荣生长的栖息地。

It's day one of a healthier, smarter, better you. You're full of zest and good intentions. You woke up at 5am to run before work, you read a book in your lunchbreak, and you listened to an English podcast on your commute. Now, fast forward three months. Life is getting in the way, and you've slipped into old habits… snoozing your alarm and eating chocolate for breakfast. Sound familiar?这是一个更健康，更聪明的人之一，更好。 您充满了热情和良好的意愿。 您在凌晨5点醒来去上班前跑步，您在午餐时间读了一本书，然后听了通勤时的英语播客。 现在，快进了三个月。 生活陷入困境，您已经陷入了旧的习惯……打招呼闹钟，吃早餐时吃巧克力。 听起来很熟悉吗？ Don't be hard on yourself. It's unrealistic to rely on willpower alone. As James Clear, author of the bestselling book 'Atomic Habits', writes, "The problem isn't you. The problem is your system." Our habits come from goals, so start by getting really clear. Goals, according to George T Doran, should be SMART: specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and time-bound. It's not enough to say, "I'll exercise more" – that's too vague! A SMART goal would be "I'm going to walk for 20 minutes in the evenings on weekdays." Now you have a clear action that you can stick to. 不要对自己很难。 独自依靠意志力是不现实的。 正如詹姆斯·凯尔（James Clear）所说的那样，畅销书《原子习惯》的作者写道：“问题不是你。问题是您的系统。” 我们的习惯来自目标，因此首先要变得非常清楚。 根据乔治·T多兰（George T Doran）的说法，目标应该很聪明：具体，可衡量，可实现，相关和时间限制。 这还不足以说：“我会锻炼更多” - 太模糊了！ 一个明智的目标是“我要在工作日的晚上步行20分钟。” 现在，您有一个明确的行动可以坚持。Once you're clear on your goals, you need to make the associated habits as automatic as possible. Try 'habit stacking', a technique popularised in the book 'Atomic Habits', which involves attaching a new habit onto something you already do regularly. For example, if you already make coffee every morning, use that moment to read your book for 20 minutes. That way, your new reading habit is now intertwined with something you're going to do anyway. Another key strategy is to reward yourself, to transform the habit from a chore into something pleasurable. If it's hard to get yourself to the gym, promise yourself that after each visit, you'll allow yourself a treat – a takeaway meal or an episode of your favourite TV show. 一旦明确了目标，就需要使相关习惯尽可能自动。 尝试“习惯堆积”，这是一种在书中普及的技术，它涉及将新习惯固定在您已经定期做的事情上。 例如，如果您每天早上已经煮咖啡，请使用那一刻阅读您的书20分钟。 这样，您的新阅读习惯现在与您要做的事情交织在一起。 另一个关键策略是奖励自己，将习惯从琐事转变为令人愉悦的东西。 如果很难让自己去健身房，请保证每次访问后，您就会允许自己一顿 - 外卖餐或您最喜欢的电视节目的一集。Even with our best intentions and a great system, stress and interruptions to your routine like social events can still make keeping habits feel like an uphill battle. If or when you have setbacks, accept it as part of the process. Life is full of spontaneity and uncertainty – one could argue that's what keeps it interesting! Use setbacks as a pause for reflection and review. What about your system is working? What's no longer serving you? Then, get back on track. 即使我们的最佳意图以及伟大的系统，对您的日常活动的压力和打扰仍然可以使保持习惯像是一场艰苦的战斗。 如果或当您有挫折时，请接受它作为过程的一部分。 生活充满了自发性和不确定性 - 有人可能会说这使它变得有趣！ 使用挫折作为暂停进行反思和审查。 那您的系统呢？ 什么不再为您服务？ 然后，回到正轨。

Surely, they're called power naps for a reason? Aren't naps the key to feeling alert, improving your memory and just generally having a great life? Well, they can be, but things aren't quite that simple. 当然，它们被称为Power Naps是有原因的吗？ 是否会打到感到警觉，改善记忆力并一般过着美好生活的关键？ 好吧，它们可以，但是事情并不那么简单。 It is true that a short nap can help people be more alert, improve their memory and concentration, and reduce risks around tasks with heavy machinery. Our circadian rhythms are responsible for the notorious lull that many of us feel in the early afternoon. This is the best time for a nap. Some companies have installed sleep pods for their employees, hoping to benefit from increased productivity and cognitive performance. But it is also true that naps can cause problems. 的确，短午睡可以帮助人们更加机敏，提高记忆力和集中注意力，并降低用重型机械的任务周围的风险。 我们的昼夜节律负责我们许多人在午后感到臭名昭著的节奏。 这是小睡的最佳时机。 一些公司为员工安装了睡眠豆荚，希望从提高的生产率和认知表现中受益。 但是，午睡也确实会引起问题。Let's start by thinking about the length. A true power nap should be less than half an hour. Any longer, and it becomes hard to rouse yourself from. Any benefits in terms of alertness are likely to disappear with the grogginess that results from a longer period of slumber. 让我们首先考虑长度。 真正的电力午睡应少于半小时。 不再是，很难从中唤醒自己。 在警觉性方面的任何好处都可能随着较长时间的沉睡而消失。This isn't the only issue. Naps have been linked to conditions such as diabetes, high blood pressure and cardiac problems. However, it's not clear whether these are direct results, or stem from the impact of napping on our sleep habits. If you take a nap after about two or three in the afternoon, it's likely to have a negative effect on your ability to get to sleep at night. Breaking your sleep cycle can lead to bad sleeping habits, which themselves become ingrained. 这不是唯一的问题。 小睡与糖尿病，高血压和心脏问题等疾病有关。 但是，目前尚不清楚这些是直接结果，还是源于小睡对我们睡眠习惯的影响。 如果您在下午大约两到三个后小睡，这可能会对您晚上入睡的能力产生负面影响。 打破睡眠周期会导致不良的睡眠习惯，这本身就会根深蒂固。Of course, in the same way that naps can lead to bad sleep, it's also true that bad sleep can lead to wanting to take more naps. So, if you find yourself frequently needing to sleep during the day, experts suggest that you consider why that's the case. Are there any potential health issues that could be causing insomnia? Or are work pressures stopping you from getting enough sleep? 当然，就像小睡会导致睡眠不好一样，不良的睡眠也会导致想要小睡。 因此，如果您发现自己经常需要在白天睡觉，专家建议您考虑为什么会这样。 是否有可能引起失眠的潜在健康问题？ 还是工作压力阻止您无法入睡？

We often describe spring as a time of rebirth, renewal and awakening. Many trees are blossoming and early flowers are pushing through the earth. 我们经常将春天描述为重生，更新和觉醒的时期。 许多树木在开花，早期花在地上。 Things are coming to life! 事情正在栩栩如生！ When the weather turns warm, many people suffer from spring fever. Common “symptoms” of spring fever include not being able to focus on school or work, taking long walks, or falling in love. 当天气变暖时，许多人会遭受春季的痛苦。 春季发烧的常见“症状”包括无法专注于学校或工作，长途跋涉或坠入爱河。 So, are you actually sick when you have spring fever? 那么，当您患有春季发烧时，您真的生病了吗？ Originally, yes. Spring fever used to refer to an actual illness. When the weather turned warm, some people developed sore throats, headaches, or stuffy noses. 最初，是的。 春季发烧用来指实际疾病。 当天气变暖时，有些人会出现喉咙痛，头痛或鼻涕。The definition of “spring fever” slowly changed in the early 1800s. 1800年代初期，“春季发烧”的定义逐渐改变。 People came to use the term to mean a sudden increase of romantic feelings. 人们开始使用该术语来突然增加浪漫情绪。 Elvis Presley describes this feeling in his song “Spring Fever.” 埃尔维斯·普雷斯利（Elvis Presley）在他的歌曲“春季发烧”中描述了这种感觉。 “Spring fever, it comes to everyone. Spring fever, it's time for fun. There's no doubt now, love is in the air. Get up, get out, spring is everywhere”春暖花开，人人皆有之。春暖花开，正是寻欢作乐的时节。毫无疑问，空气中弥漫着爱的气息。快起来，出门吧，春天无处不在。These days, we use “spring fever” to describe a restless feeling after the long, cold days of winter. 如今，我们使用“春季发烧”来描述冬季漫长而寒冷的日子之后的一种不安的感觉。 But the word “spring” is not just a season. It is also a verb that means something happened or appeared quickly. 但是“春天”一词不仅是一个季节。 这也是一个动词，意味着发生了什么事或迅速出现的动词。 When you put “spring” and “life” together, you get spring to life. This expression means something suddenly becomes very active or perhaps seems more alive! You may spring to life after hearing that a distant friend will be visiting you. Or maybe your favorite soccer team finally sprang to life in the second half, played well and won the match. 当您将“春天”和“生命”放在一起时，您会栩栩如生。 这种表达意味着某些事情突然变得非常活跃，或者似乎更活跃！ 您可能会在听到一个遥远的朋友来拜访您之后栩栩如生。 或者，也许您最喜欢的足球队终于在下半场崭露头角，表现出色并赢得了比赛。 But this is just the beginning. There are so many more "spring" expressions that mean to happen suddenly. 但这只是开始。 还有更多的“春季”表情突然发生。 As you can see, American English has so many phrases that use “spring” to mean "something happens quickly." The ones we have heard are just the ones that sprang to mind. In other words, they were the first ones I thought of, without spending much time thinking about it. 如您所见，美国英语的短语使用“春季”来表示“事情很快发生”。 我们听到的只是浮现在脑海的人。 换句话说，它们是我想到的第一个，而没有花很多时间思考它。 But perhaps those examples are confusing. Maybe I should have prepared you instead of just springing them on you. And, I did it again. If you spring something on other people, you have surprised them, usually not in a good way. 但是也许这些例子令人困惑。 也许我应该为您做好准备，而不仅仅是将它们弹出。 而且，我又做了一次。 如果您向其他人弹奏某些东西，您会让他们感到惊讶，通常不是很好。

Green is an important color in nature. It is the color of grass and the leaves on trees. It is also the color of most growing plants. 绿色本质上是重要的颜色。 它是草的颜色和树木上的叶子。 它也是大多数生长植物的颜色。 Sometimes, the word green means young, fresh and growing. Sometimes, it describes something that is not yet ripe or finished. 有时，绿色一词意味着年轻，新鲜和成长。 有时，它描述了尚未成熟或完成的东西。 For example, a greenhorn is someone who has no experience, who is new to a situation. In the fifteenth century, a greenhorn was a young cow or ox whose horns had not yet developed. A century or so later, a greenhorn was a soldier who had not yet had any experience in battle. By the eighteenth century, a greenhorn had the meaning it has today - a person who is new in a job. 例如，一个没有经验的人，对情况是新手。 在十五世纪，格林霍恩（Greenhorn）是一头年轻的牛或牛，其角尚未发展。 大约一个世纪后，一个格林霍恩（Greenhorn）是一名士兵，尚未在战斗中有任何经验。 到18世纪，一个格林角具有今天的意义 - 一个新工作的人。 About one hundred years ago, greenhorn was a popular expression in the American west. Old-timers used it to describe a man who had just arrived from one of the big cities back east. The greenhorn lacked the skills he would need to live in the hard, rough country. 大约一百年前，格林霍恩在美国西部是一个流行的表达。 老朋友用它描述了一个刚从一个大城市回到东部的一个人。 格林霍恩缺乏在艰难而艰难的国家生活所需的技能。 Someone who has the ability to grow plants well is said to have a green thumb. The expression comes from the early 1900s. 据说有能力良好种植植物的人有绿色的拇指。 表达来自1900年代初。 A person with a green thumb seems to have a magic touch that makes plants grow quickly and well. You might say that the woman next door has a green thumb if her garden continues to grow long after your plants have died. 一个绿色拇指的人似乎具有魔幻的触感，使植物迅速生长。 您可能会说，如果您的花园在您的植物死后很长时间，隔壁的女人的拇指却是绿色的。 The Green Revolution is the name given some years ago to the development of new kinds of rice and other grains. The new plants produced much larger crops. The Green Revolution was the result of hard work by agricultural scientists who had green thumbs. 绿色革命是几年前给出的新型大米和其他谷物的名称。 新植物生产了更大的农作物。 绿色革命是绿色拇指的农业科学家努力工作的结果。 Green is also the color used to describe the powerful emotion, jealousy. The green-eyed monster is not a frightening creature from outer space. It is an expression used about four hundred years ago by British writer William Shakespeare in his play "Othello."绿色也是描述强大情感，嫉妒的颜色。 绿眼睛的怪物不是外太空的可怕生物。 这是大约四百年前英国作家威廉·莎士比亚（William Shakespeare）在他的戏剧《奥赛罗》中使用的表达。 It describes the unpleasant feeling a person has when someone has something he wants. A young man may suffer from the green-eyed monster if his girlfriend begins going out with someone else. Or, that green-eyed monster may affect your friend if you get a pay raise and she does not. 它描述了一个人在某人想要的东西时的不愉快感觉。 如果他的女友开始和别人出去，一个年轻人可能会遭受绿眼睛的怪物。 或者，如果您得到加薪，那绿眼睛的怪物可能会影响您的朋友，而她却不会。 In most places in the world, a green light is a sign to move ahead. A green light on a traffic signal means your car can continue on. In everyday speech, a green light means approval to continue with a project. We want you to know we have a green light to continue this series next week. 在世界上大多数地方，绿灯是前进的标志。 交通信号上的绿灯意味着您的汽车可以继续进行。 在日常演讲中，绿灯意味着要继续进行项目的批准。 我们希望您知道我们有一个绿灯可以下周继续本系列。

Researchers compared nearly 53,000 Wegovy patients to the same number of closely matched users of other weight-loss drugs. 研究人员将近53,000名Wegovy患者与其他减肥药物的密切匹配使用者进行了比较。They found that during the first six months of use, first-time suicidal thoughts were reported by 0.11 percent of Wegovy users. That is compared to 0.43 percent of users of other drugs that do not belong to the same class as semaglutide. 他们发现，在使用的前六个月中，有0.11％的Wegovy用户报告了首次自杀念头。 相比之下，有0.43％的其他药物的用户与semaglutide不属于同一类。 After taking other risk factors into consideration, the risk of first-time suicidal thoughts was 73 percent lower with Wegovy, the researchers said. 研究人员说，在考虑了其他风险因素之后，Wegovy首次自杀念头的风险降低了73％。 No patient in the Wegovy group reported a suicide attempt, compared to 14 users of the other drugs, the report said. 报告说，Wegovy组中没有患者报告自杀企图，而其他药物的14种使用者。 Among patients with a history of suicidal thoughts, the risk of recurring suicidal thoughts was 56 percent lower with Wegovy than other weight-loss medicines.在有自杀思想史的患者中，与其他减肥药物相比，Wegovy的反复自杀思想的风险低56％。 Similar patterns were seen for use of Ozempic compared with other diabetes drugs. 与其他糖尿病药物相比，观察到使用Ozempic的类似模式。 The findings were consistent no matter the patients' sex, age, or ethnicity for both semaglutide types, the researchers found. 研究人员发现，无论患者两种类型的患者的性别，年龄或种族如何，这些发现都是一致的。 Such a study cannot prove that GLP-1 agonists do not increase the risk of suicidal ideation. But the findings may reduce concerns. 这样的研究无法证明GLP-1激动剂不会增加自杀意念的风险。 但是这些发现可能会减少关注点。 The researchers were unable to assess the statistical significance of differences in actual suicide attempts. The researchers noted that suicide attempts are "critically different from suicidal ideations." 研究人员无法评估实际自杀企图差异的统计意义。 研究人员指出，自杀企图“与自杀意念截然不同”。 Pamela Davis is a professor at Case Western Reserve School of Medicine in Ohio. She was one of the writers of the study. She said the growth in popularity of Ozempic makes it very important “to understand all its potential complications.”帕梅拉·戴维斯（Pamela Davis）是俄亥俄州凯斯（Case Western Reserve）医学院的教授。 她是研究的作者之一。 她说，Ozempic的受欢迎程度的增长使得“了解其所有潜在并发症”非常重要。 Suggestions that the drug may cause suicidal thoughts are not supported by “this very large and diverse population in the U.S.,” Davis added.戴维斯补充说，“美国这个非常大而多样化的人群”的建议不支持引起自杀念头的建议。

A large U.S. study found no evidence that taking Ozempic or Wegovy is tied to an increase in suicidal thoughts, researchers reported recently. 研究人员最近报道说，一项大型美国研究没有发现证据表明服用Ozempic或Wegovy与自杀思想的增加有关。 Both Ozempic for type 2 diabetes and the obesity treatment Wegovy have the same active ingredient, semaglutide. 用于2型糖尿病的Ozempic和肥胖治疗Wegovy具有相同的活性成分，semaglutide。The analysis included electronic medical record data from more than 1.8 million patients. Researchers actually found a lower risk of new and recurring suicidal thoughts in those taking semaglutide compared to those using other medications for weight loss or diabetes. 该分析包括来自180万患者的电子病历数据。 研究人员实际上发现，与使用其他药物减肥或糖尿病的药物相比，在服用半卢替肽的人中，新的和反复出现的自杀思想的风险较低。 Semaglutide belongs to a class of drugs known as GLP-1 agonists, which were designed to treat type 2 diabetes. In addition to helping control blood sugar levels, the drugs produce a feeling of fullness. 半卢宾属于一类称为GLP-1激动剂的药物，这些药物旨在治疗2型糖尿病。 除了帮助控制血糖水平外，这些药物还会产生一种饱满感。 Concerns over reports of suicidal ideation connected with semaglutide led to an investigation by the European Medicines Agency. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has listed suicidal ideation as a possible safety concern for GLP-1 drugs. 人们对与Semaglutide有关的自杀念头的报道的担忧导致了欧洲药品局的调查。 美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）已将自杀意念列为GLP-1药物的安全问题。 A Reuters examination last year found that the FDA had received 265 reports of suicidal thoughts or behavior in patients taking semaglutide or similar medicines since 2010. Thirty-six of those reports describe a death by suicide or suspected suicide. 路透检查员去年的一项检查发现，自2010年以来，FDA收到了265例服用Semaglutide或类似药物的患者的自杀念头或行为的报告。这些报告中有36例描述了自杀或怀疑自杀的死亡。 Such events do not prove a connection between a drug and a side effect. But they can signal to officials a need to study a specific risk. 此类事件不能证明药物与副作用之间的联系。 但是他们可以向官员发出信号，需要研究特定的风险。The study appeared online in the journal Nature. It was funded by the U.S. National Institutes of Health. The researchers examined data on 240,258 U.S. patients prescribed Wegovy or other medications for weight loss and nearly 1.6 million with type 2 diabetes prescribed Ozempic or other treatments. 该研究在《自然》杂志上在线出现。 它由美国国立卫生研究院资助。 研究人员检查了有关240,258名美国患者的数据，以减肥或其他药物为160万例服用Wegovy或其他药物，并使用了2型糖尿病开处方的Ozempic或其他治疗方法。

The researchers say that the one-time therapy gives a working copy of that gene to the inner ear during a medical operation. Most of the children were treated in one ear, although one child in the two-person study was treated in both ears.研究人员说，一次性疗法在医疗操作过程中将该基因的工作副本赋予了内耳。 尽管两人的研究中的一个孩子在两个耳朵中都接受了治疗，但大多数孩子都被一只耳朵接受治疗。The study with six children took place at Fudan University in Shanghai. Dr. Yilai Shu helped lead the study and trained in Chen's laboratory. Chen was involved in the research. Chinese science organizations and biotechnology company Shanghai Refreshgene Therapeutics helped provide financial support. 与六个孩子的研究在上海的福丹大学进行。 Yilai Shu博士帮助领导了这项研究，并接受了Chen的实验室的培训。 陈参与了研究。 中国科学组织和生物技术公司上海刷新的治疗学有助于提供财务支持。Researchers observed the children for about six months. They do not know why the treatment did not work in one of them. But the five others, who were completely deaf, can now hear a normal discussion, the researchers said. 研究人员观察到孩子大约六个月。 他们不知道为什么治疗在其中一种中没有起作用。 研究人员说，但是五个完全聋哑的五个人现在可以听到正常的讨论。 Chen estimated they now hear at a level 60 percent to 70 percent of normal. The therapy caused no major side effects. 陈估计他们现在听到的是正常水平的60％至70％。 该疗法没有引起重大副作用。Early results from other research have shown similar results. 其他研究的早期结果显示出相似的结果。Regeneron Pharmaceuticals is a biotech company based in New York state. It announced in October that a child under two years old showed improvements six weeks after gene therapy. The results came from a study Regeneron did with support from Decibel Therapeutics, a company in Boston. Regeneron Pharmaceuticals是一家位于纽约州的生物技术公司。 它在十月份宣布，两岁以下的儿童在基因治疗六周后表现出改善。 结果来自Regeneron在波士顿公司的Decibel Therapeutics的支持下进行的研究。 Columbia University's Dr. Lawrence Lustig is involved in the Regeneron study. He said although the children in these studies do not end up with very good hearing, “even a moderate hearing loss recovery in these kids is pretty astounding.” 哥伦比亚大学的劳伦斯·卢斯蒂格（Lawrence Lustig）博士参与了Regeneron研究。 他说，尽管这些研究中的孩子们并没有听到很好的听力，但“即使这些孩子的听力损失恢复也令人震惊。” He added that many questions remain. They include how long the therapies will last and if hearing will continue to improve in the children. 他补充说，仍然存在许多问题。 它们包括疗法将持续多长时间，以及儿童的听力是否会继续改善。 Some people question if gene therapy for deafness is ethical. 有些人质疑基因疗法是否对耳聋是道德的。 Teresa Blankmeyer Burke is a professor who is deaf and who deals with medical ethics. She teaches at Gallaudet University, a university for deaf people in Washington, D.C. She said that there is no agreement about the need for gene therapy targeting deafness. Teresa Blankmeyer Burke是一位聋哑人，涉及医学道德的教授。 她在华盛顿特区的聋人大学加洛德大学（Gallaudet University）教授。 She also pointed out that deafness does not cause severe or deadly illness. Blankmeyer Burke said that it is important to work with deaf community members about the importance of gene therapy. She added gene therapy is seen by many as a possible threat to “signing Deaf communities.” 她还指出，耳聋不会引起严重或致命的疾病。 布兰克迈尔·伯克（Blankmeyer Burke）说，与聋人社区成员合作有关基因疗法的重要性很重要。 她补充说，许多人认为基因疗法可能是对“签署聋人社区”的可能威胁。 However, Chen said: “This is real proof showing gene therapy is working.” And he added, “It opens up the whole field.” 但是，陈说：“这是表明基因疗法正在起作用的真正证据。” 他补充说：“这打开了整个领域。”

Gene treatments are being credited with permitting several children born with deafness to hear again. 允许几个患有耳聋的孩子再次听到基因治疗。 Gene therapy is a medical treatment that aims to change a few of a patient's genes to cure a genetic disease. 基因治疗是一种医疗，旨在改变一些患者的基因来治愈遗传疾病。 A small study recently published in The Lancet reported improvements in the hearing in five of six children who were treated in China. 最近在《柳叶刀》上发表的一项小型研究报告说，在中国接受治疗的六名儿童中有五名听证会有所改善。 Around the same time, the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia in the U.S. eastern state of Pennsylvania announced similar improvements in an 11-year-old boy treated there. And earlier, Chinese researchers published a study showing similar improvements in two other children. 大约在同一时间，美国东部宾夕法尼亚州的费城儿童医院宣布在那里接受治疗的11岁男孩进行了类似的改善。 早些时候，中国研究人员发表了一项研究，显示了另外两个孩子的相似改善。 The experimental methods, or therapies, target only one rare condition. But scientists say similar treatments could someday help many more children with other kinds of deafness caused by genes. 实验方法或疗法仅针对一种罕见条件。 但是科学家说，有一天类似的治疗可能会帮助更多的儿童患有基因引起的其他耳聋。 Around the world, 34 million children have deafness or hearing loss. And information from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says genes are responsible for up to 60 percent of cases. 在世界各地，有3400万儿童有耳聋或听力损失。 美国疾病控制与预防中心的信息说，基因最多造成60％的病例。 Deafness caused by genes is passed down from parents to children. It is called hereditary deafness. It is the latest condition scientists are targeting with gene therapy. Gene therapy is already approved to treat illnesses such as sickle cell disease and severe hemophilia. 由基因引起的耳聋从父母传给孩子。 这被称为遗传性耳聋。 这是科学家使用基因治疗的最新疾病。 基因疗法已经被批准用于治疗诸如镰状细胞疾病和严重血友病之类的疾病。 Children with hereditary deafness often get a device called a cochlear implant that helps them hear sound. 具有遗传性耳聋的孩子通常会得到一种称为人工耳蜗的设备，该设备可以帮助他们听到声音。“No treatment could reverse hearing loss…That's why we were always trying to develop a therapy,” said Zheng-Yi Chen of Boston's Mass Eye and Ear, a treatment center for eye and ear problems. He is a writer of the study published in The Lancet. “We couldn't be more happy or excited about the results.” “没有治疗可以逆转听力的损失……这就是为什么我们总是试图开发一种疗法的原因，”波士顿大众眼睛和耳朵的郑杨说。 他是该研究发表在柳叶刀上的作者。 “我们对结果感到高兴或兴奋。”The team recorded videos of patients. One shows a baby, who formerly could not hear at all, looking back in response to a doctor's words six weeks after treatment. Another shows a little girl 13 weeks after treatment repeating father, mother, grandmother, sister, and “I love you.”团队录制了病人的视频。 一个人显示了一个婴儿，他以前根本听不到，在治疗六周后回顾一下医生的话。 另一个人在治疗后13周表明了一个小女孩，重复父亲，母亲，祖母，姐姐和“我爱你”。 All the children in the experiments have a condition that is believed to cause two to eight percent of hereditary deafness. It is caused by changes in a gene responsible for an inner ear protein called otoferlin, which helps hair cells send sound signals to the brain.实验中的所有孩子都有一种据信造成遗传性耳聋的二至8％的疾病。 它是由负责内耳蛋白的基因变化引起的，该蛋白称为Otoferlin，该蛋白可以帮助毛细胞向大脑发送声学信号。

Therizinosaurs lumbered around the Earth on their hind legs tens of millions of years ago. Some researchers have likened them to giant feathered sloths. Every species discovered so far had three fingers with strikingly long claws on each hand. But this new discovery in Mongolia only had two.镰刀龙是一类在数千万年前的地球上用后肢缓慢行走的恐龙。一些研究人员把它们比作巨大的长有羽毛的树懒。在此之前发现的每种镰刀龙每只手上都有三个指，每个指上都长有醒目的长爪。但本次在蒙古发现的新品种只有两个指。 At about three metres in length and weighing more than a quarter of a ton, it was a medium sized dinosaur. And despite their sharp claws' nightmarish appearance, this reptile was not a predator. Instead, it's thought to have used its hands to grasp vegetation.这种镰刀龙体长三米，体重超过四分之一吨，属于中型大小的恐龙。虽然它们的利爪看起来颇为可怕，但这种爬行动物并非掠食者。科学家认为它们其实是用手来抓取植物而非猎物。词汇表lumbered 缓慢地行走hind 后部的，后面的feathered 有羽毛的sloths 树懒strikingly 醒目地，显著地claws 爪子nightmarish 可怕的，噩梦般的predator 掠食者grasp 抓握，抓取vegetation 植物，植被

Beta-amyloids are substances linked to problems in the brain including Alzheimer's disease. When scientists injected mice with beta-amyloids, the substance left the brain faster when the animals were sleeping. β-淀粉样蛋白是与包括阿尔茨海默氏病在内的大脑问题有关的物质。 当科学家向小鼠注射β淀粉样蛋白时，该物质在动物睡觉时会更快地离开大脑。 It is not clear exactly how the system works. However, some research has shown that the movement of blood vessels might help move the waste-clearing fluid where it needs to go. 目前尚不清楚系统如何工作。 但是，一些研究表明，血管的运动可能有助于将废水清除液移动到需要的地方。 Finding the system in humans is not easy. Regular MRI scans can show some of the fluid-filled channels. But Piantino said the scans do not show their purpose. 在人类中找到系统并不容易。 常规的MRI扫描可以显示一些充满流体的通道。 但是Piantino说，扫描没有显示出其目的。 To find out more, his team at Oregon Health & Science University injected a substance called a tracer into five patients. The tracer “lit up” during MRI scans. Twenty-four to 48 hours later, the tracer material was seen moving through the brain using the channels as in the earlier research on mice. 为了了解更多信息，他在俄勒冈州健康与科学大学的团队向五名患者注入了一种名为示踪剂的物质。 示踪剂在MRI扫描过程中“点亮”。 二十四到48小时后，观察到示踪剂的材料使用通道在大脑中移动，就像对小鼠的早期研究一样。 Rochester's Dr. Maiken Nedergaard predicts that the study will increase interest in how brain waste clearance connects to people's health. 罗切斯特（Rochester）的Maiken Nedergaard博士预测，这项研究将增加对脑浪费清除如何与人们健康相关的兴趣。 But to test if better sleep or other treatments might really increase waste clearance and improve health, researchers "have to be able to measure glymphatic function in people,” said Dr. Jeff Iliff. He is with the University of Washington and has helped lead waste-clearance research. The question is whether the new study might point to ways of measuring the process. 但是，要测试更好的睡眠或其他治疗方法是否确实可以增加废物清除并改善健康状况，研究人员“必须能够衡量人们的同变功能，” Jeff Iliff博士说。 他在华盛顿大学任职，并帮助领导了废物清除研究。 问题是新研究是否可能指出测量过程的方法。Sleep is not the only question. For example, animal studies show that a blood pressure drug now used to treat the stress disorder called PTSD might improve glymphatic clearing. Iliff and Dr. Elaine Peskind plan to study this drug in a group of patients. 睡眠不是唯一的问题。 例如，动物研究表明，现在用来治疗称为PTSD的应激障碍的血压药物可能会改善胶囊清除。 Iliff和Elaine Peskind博士计划在一组患者中研究这种药物。 Larger studies in healthy people are also needed. 还需要在健康人中进行更大的研究。 In addition, Piantino, who used tracer chemicals in people, wants to find an easier, noninvasive test to follow the waste clearance. 此外，使用示踪剂化学物质的Piantino希望找到一个更容易，无创的测试来遵循废物清除。 “We cannot study all the questions by injecting people,” he said. 他说：“我们无法通过注入人来研究所有问题。”