Published quarterly, the purpose of Evidence-Based Nursing is to select from the health-related literature research studies and reviews that report important advances relevant to best nursing practice. The clinical relevance and rigour of the studies are assessed to identify research that is relevan…
Complex clinical challenges faced by nurses and midwives need complex solutions that require an understanding of how different individuals experience and make sense of a shared situation or scenario. In this podcast, we delve into the use of a particular research approach called Phenomenography; a qualitative approach that aims to uncover the nuances of the similarities and differences of groups of people with a shared experience. Deputy editor of EBN, Professor Lisa Kidd, interviews Dr Kaye Rolls, Lecturer in Nursing at the University of Wollongong, Australia. Read the paper: https://ebn.bmj.com/content/26/4/129 Please subscribe to the Evidence-Based Nursing podcast via all podcast platforms, including Apple Podcasts (https://apple.co/3unklHE) and Spotify (https://spoti.fi/49afHf1), to get the latest podcasts.
On International Long Covid Awareness Day, we reflect on the challenges of living with Long Covid in relation to non-evidence based infection prevention and control guidelines, the difficulties accessing appropriate medical care, and the lack of support in place when returning to work. Dr Alison Twycross, Editor in Chief of Evidence-Based Nursing, talks to Dr Michaela Barnard, nurse and trustee at Supporting Healthcare Heroes UK. Related links: Supporting Healthcare Heroes UK: https://shh-uk.org Editorial by Dr Evonne Curran: Evidenced-based infection prevention and control (IPC) guidelines: are just not evidenced-based https://ebn.bmj.com/content/26/2/45 Society of Occupational Medicine (SOM) (2022) Long Covid and Returning to Work: What works? https://www.rcn.org.uk/Get-Help/RCN-advice/long-covid RCN supporting staff with Long Covid: https://www.rcn.org.uk/COVID-19/Supporting-staff-who-are-living-with-long-COVID?fbclid=IwAR2RmRy2QxfBCnoToMgpQvwIc_257zZNAV0gnSP5ZIgSTZcoK3_eDR0F970 SOM Long Covid – A Manager's Guide: https://www.som.org.uk/sites/som.org.uk/files/SOM_Long_COVID_A_Manager%27s_Guide_Feb_2024.pdf RCEM Report - Infection Prevential and Control: https://rcem.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Infection_Prevention_Control_QIP_National_Report_2022_23.pdf Please subscribe to the Evidence-Based Nursing podcast via all podcast platforms, including Apple Podcasts (https://apple.co/3unklHE) and Spotify (https://spoti.fi/49afHf1), to get the latest podcast every month.
Dr. Ben Parkinson, EBN Associate Editor, speaks with Dr. Kimberley C. O'Sullivan (1) about her commentary titled, "Becoming unable to afford adequate home heating is associated with increased risk of severe mental distress" which was published in EBN, and is available online: https://ebn.bmj.com/content/26/4/140 (1) He Kāinga Oranga / Housing and Health Research Programme, Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand Please subscribe to the Evidence-Based Nursing podcast via all podcast platforms, including Apple Podcasts (https://apple.co/3unklHE) and Spotify (https://spoti.fi/49afHf1), to get the latest podcast every month.
Today we discuss a study that describes associations between race/ethnicity, hospital of birth and ‘unexpected newborn complications' in low-risk term neonates in New York City. Kristine Schmitz (1) and Lawrence Charles Kleinman (2) are the authors of a commentary published by EBN on that study. They tell Evidence-Based Nursing Associate Editor, Kerry Gaskin, how the quality of care in the hospital of delivery has a direct relation with more unexpected neonatal complications in black and hispanic infants. Read the commentary: Hospital Quality of Care and Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Unexpected Newborn Complications (https://ebn.bmj.com/content/25/3/89) Commentary on: Glazer KB, Zeitlin J, Egorova NN, et al. Hospital quality of care and racial and ethnic disparities in unexpected newborn complications. Pediatrics 2021;148:e2020024091. doi:10.1542/peds.2020-024091. Please subscribe to the Evidence-Based Nursing podcast via all podcast platforms, including Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Stitcher and Spotify, to get the latest podcast every month. If you enjoy our podcast, please consider leaving us a review or a comment on the Evidence-Based Nursing podcast iTunes page (https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/ebn-podcast/id942927408). Thank you for listening. (1) Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Department of Pediatrics, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA (2) Urban-Global Public Health, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA
In today's podcast, we discuss the results of an observational study that showed reduced alertness during working hours among eight-hour rotating-shift nurses. Evidence-Based Nursing Associate Editor, Kerry Gaskin, interviews Vittoria Sorice and Emma Russell, both from Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK. Their paper is available on the EBN website (https://ebn.bmj.com/content/early/2022/04/06/ebnurs-2022-103518)and is a commentary on: Min A, Hong HC, Son S, et al, Alertness during working hours among eight-hour rotating-shift nurses: an observational study. J Nurs Scholar 2021;75. doi:10.1111/JNU.12743 Please subscribe to the Evidence-Based Nursing podcast via all podcast platforms, including Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Stitcher and Spotify, to get the latest podcast every month. If you enjoy our podcast, please consider leaving us a review or a comment on the Evidence-Based Nursing podcast iTunes page (https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/ebn-podcast/id942927408). Thank you for listening.
Living with Long Covid is a different experience for each person, and can have significant ramifications for their personal lives and careers. In this last podcast of a series about Long Covid, Dr Alison Twycross, Editor in Chief of Evidence-Based Nursing, hears from Alison Love(1), Lynn Biggerstaff(2) and Sue Campion(3). The EBN podcast series of three episodes on Long Covid is produced by Letícia Amorim and edited by Brian O'Toole. Please subscribe to the Evidence-Based Nursing podcast via all podcast platforms, including Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Stitcher and Spotify, to get the latest podcast every month. If you enjoy our podcast, please consider leaving us a review or a comment on the Evidence-Based Nursing podcast iTunes page (https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/ebn-podcast/id942927408). Thank you for listening. (1) Staff Nurse in ICU; (2) Ward Sister, Community Hospital, elderly rehabilitation ward; (3) Paediatric Nurse, Southampton Children's Hospital.
Returning to work as a nurse with Long Covid is thwart with difficulties in part due to its relapsing-remitting nature. Many nurses with Long Covid experience post-exertional malaise and symptom exacerbation if they push themselves and this may trigger a major relapse. This means that a return to work needs to be planned carefully. In this second podcast of a series about Long Covid, Dr Alison Twycross, Editor in Chief of Evidence-Based Nursing, speaks to two freelance consultants from Long Covid Work: Dr Clare Rayner, a consultant occupational physician, and Kirsty Stanley, Director, Occupational Therapist & Writer at Occupation4Life Ltd, about best practice in this context. They provide guidance for both employers and employees. Alison, Clare and Kirsty are also members of the Long Covid Support Employment Group. More information on the Long Covid Nurses and Midwives UK website: http://www.lcnmuk.co.uk/ The EBN podcast series on Long Covid is produced by Letícia Amorim and edited by Brian O'Toole. Please subscribe to the Evidence-Based Nursing podcast via all podcast platforms, including Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Stitcher and Spotify, to get the latest podcast every month. If you enjoy our podcast, please consider leaving us a review or a comment on the Evidence-Based Nursing podcast iTunes page (https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/ebn-podcast/id942927408). Thank you for listening. The first episode of this three-episode series: https://soundcloud.com/bmjpodcasts/long-covid-what-we-know-so-far-with-dr-elaine-maxwell?in=bmjpodcasts/sets/ebn-podcast&utm_source=clipboard&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=social_sharing
In the first of a series of three episodes about Long Covid, Dr Roberta Heale, Associate Editor of Evidence-Based Nursing, speaks to Dr Elaine Maxwell, Nurse and author of two National Institute for Health Research reviews on evidence on Long Covid. They discuss the variance in reported Long Covid statistics, the impact of vaccinations, symptoms, and research efforts. The EBN podcast series on Long Covid is produced by Letícia Amorim and edited by Brian O'Toole. Please subscribe to the Evidence-Based Nursing podcast via all podcast platforms, including Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Stitcher and Spotify, to get the latest podcast every month. If you enjoy our podcast, please consider leaving us a review or a comment on the Evidence-Based Nursing podcast iTunes page (https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/ebn-podcast/id942927408). Thank you for listening. To read more about this subject, follow the links: https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/themedreview/living-with-covid19/ https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/themedreview/living-with-covid19-second-review/
In this podcast, Roberta Heale, Associate Editor of Evidence-Based Nursing, interviews Shaminder Singh, postdoctoral researcher, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Dr. Singh discusses the commentary he wrote titled "A short therapy program may reduce the risk of suicide reattempts by strengthening problem-focused coping among people with attempted suicide”, which is based on the research article: Gysin-Maillart A, Soravia L, Schwab S. Attempted suicide short intervention program influences coping among clients with a history of attempted suicide. J Affect Disord 2019 Read the commentary on the EBN website: https://ebn.bmj.com/content/early/2020/06/09/ebnurs-2020-103257
Associate Editor of EBN, David Barrett, University of Hull, UK, interviews Dr Nikolaos Efstathiou, lecturer in Nursing at the Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, about the Delphi technique in scientific research. Please read the related study: https://ebn.bmj.com/content/23/3/68
In this podcast, Associate Editor of Evidence-Based Nursing, Lisa Kidd, talks to Laura Austin, who's a Registered Nurse/Midwife working in the Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia, and the author of a commentary on original, unpublished research based out of Melbourne. The aim of the research was to determine whether, within Australia, classification of hypertension within pregnancy should be adjusted to reflect the American College of Cardiology’s recent amendment to their guidelines. Read the commentary on the EBN’s website: https://ebn.bmj.com/content/early/2020/08/24/ebnurs-2020-103274 Commentary on: Reddy M, Rolnik DL, Harris K, et al. Challenging the definition of hypertension in pregnancy: a retrospective cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020, Jan 16. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2019.12.272. [Epub ahead of print].
In this podcast, Associate Editor of EBN, David Barrett (University of Hull, UK), talks to Dr Aneesh Basheer (Departments of General Medicine and Medical Education, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, India) about sepsis bundles. They discuss a commentary titled “Patients with hospital-onset sepsis are less likely to receive sepsis bundle care than those with community-onset sepsis”, recently published by EBN - https://ebn.bmj.com/content/early/2020/06/01/ebnurs-2020-103285 The commentary relates to Baghdadi JD, Wong MD, Uslan DZ et al. Adherence to the SEP-1 Sepsis Bundle in Hospital-Onset v. Community-Onset Sepsis: a Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study. J Gen Intern Med 2020; Feb 10. doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-05653-0. [Epub ahead of print]
The European Association of Palliative Care (EAPC) domains provide a useful framework for guiding palliative dementia care for those living and dying at home. However, research is required to better understand how to design and implement palliative dementia care interventions for people living at home Listen to the conversation on this topic between Associate Editor of Evidence-Based Nursing Laura Green and Nuriye Kupeli (Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Department, University College London, UK) and read the commentary - https://ebn.bmj.com/content/early/2019/09/18/ebnurs-2019-103160. Commentary on: Miranda R, Bunn F, Lynch J, et al. Palliative care for people with dementia living at home: a systematic review of interventions. Palliat Med 2019;33:726-742. doi:10.1177/0269216319847092. Epub 2019 May 6.
Welcome to a new series of "research made simple" podcasts where researchers are interviewed about their studies and chosen methods, and implications for nursing practice and research are considered. In this first podcast, Associate Editor of EBN Laura Green speaks to Dr Sarah Campbell, a researcher within the Dementia and Ageing Research team in the School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work at the University of Manchester. Her doctoral research "Atmospheres of Dementia Care: Stories told through the bodies of men" is an ethnographic study exploring what role the experience of place plays, and the role gender has, in the lives of men living with dementia in a variety of care settings. The aim was to interpret the everyday embodied life for men living with dementia in care and their connection to atmosphere. The study was undertaken alongside a wider project colloquially known as The Hair and Care Project (ESRC Ref. 2011-2013; Dr Richard Ward, PI). The PhD study collected data across three fieldsites focusing on the experience of seven men living with dementia. To find out more about this research, contact Sarah on sarah.campbell@manchester.ac.uk or follow her on twitter @wanderingalong You can also read a few relevant articles in Evidence-Based Nursing about ethnography as a research method and its applicability to understanding nursing practice: Ethnography: Challenges and Opportunities https://ebn.bmj.com/content/20/4/98 Using observational research to to obtain a picture of nursing practice https://ebn.bmj.com/content/19/3/66
The communication between nurses and families during and after family decision meetings is discussed in this podcast. Roberta Heale talks to Dr Mohammad Khan, Community Medicine, School of Dental Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia about his commentary published by Evidence-Based Nursing (https://ebn.bmj.com/content/early/2019/09/10/ebnurs-2019-103089). The commentary relates to the paper: Pecanac K, King B. Nurse-Family Communication During and After Family Meetings in the Intensive Care Unit. J Nurs Scholarsh 2019;51:129–37
“Given the complexities of home-based palliative care, along with recent developments in patient safety, the time is ripe to better understand the characteristics that contribute to ‘pockets of excellence’ (brilliance) in home-based palliative care.” This podcast discusses a commentary recently published by EBN on “What does it take to deliver brilliant home-based palliative care? Using positiveorganisational scholarship and video reflexive ethnography to explore the complexities of palliative care at home.” Palliat Med 2018:269216318807835. doi: 10.1177/0269216318807835. Read the commentary: https://ebn.bmj.com/content/early/2019/04/11/ebnurs-2019-103070
David Barrett talks to Amy Noakes (Children Nursing London South Bank University, London) about how to support rural nurses to develop and implement a contextualised, systematic approach to paediatric pain management and improve pain care for children (https://ebn.bmj.com/content/early/2019/06/21/ebnurs-2018-102986). This podcast discusses the commentary published by EBN on the article by Marshall C, Forgeron P, Harrison D, et al. Exploration of nurses’ pediatric pain management experience in rural hospitals: a qualitative descriptive study. Appl Nurs Res 2018;42: 89–97.
Healthcare professionals need to be aware of the impact of intimate partner violence experienced by mid-life and older women, as these - together with post-traumatic disorders - can have an impact on menopausal symptoms. The impact of intimate partner violence on these women’s lives needs further research. Parveen Ali (School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Sheffield, UK) discusses a commentary on the paper “Associations of intimate partner violence, sexual assault, and posttraumatic stress disorder with menopause symptoms among midlife and older women” with Roberta Heale, EBN’s Associate Editor. Read the commentary: https://ebn.bmj.com/content/early/2019/03/18/ebnurs-2018-103059
What advice for families when breastfeeding is not an option in neonatal units? The study discussed in this podcast highlights that formula milk offers short-term benefits but may not result in any long-term benefits for growth or development over donor breast milk. The paper also concluded that formula milk appears to significantly increase risk of necrotising enterocolitis. Read the full commentary on the Evidence-Based Nursing website: https://ebn.bmj.com/content/22/1/18 Commentary on: “Formula versus donor breast milk for feeding preterm or low birth weight infants”. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;6:CD002971.
Although recent studies suggest that ‘rooming-in’ is associated with a decreased need for pharmacological treatment and length of stay for infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), more research is required to determine the effective components and short-term and long-term NAS outcomes, including risks. Professor Alison Twycross talks to Dr Karen A McQueen, Lakehead University School of Nursing, Thunder Bay Ontario, Canada, about her recent commentary published by Evidence-Based Nursing: “‘Rooming-in’ could be an effective non-pharmacological treatment for infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome”. Read it for free for the next two months on the EBN website: https://ebn.bmj.com/content/21/4/110. Commentary on: MacMillan, KDL. et al. Association of rooming-in with outcomes for neonatal abstinence syndrome: a systematic review with meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr. 2018; 172; 345-351.
How a simple question from health professionals can have a positive impact on disability in older people. EBN's Associate Editor Roberta Heale talks to Professor Keith D Hill, School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia. Read the commentary on the EBN website - https://ebn.bmj.com/content/early/2018/10/12/eb-2018-102978.
Professor Linda Shields, credentialed children’s and young people’s nurse from the Faculty of Science, Charles Sturt University, New South Wales, Australia, talks us through the details of the findings of her research on discriminatory nursing practice towards lesbian, gay and bisexual parents. She is the co-author of a commentary published by Evidence-Based Nursing on: Andersen AE, Moberg C, Bengtsson Tops A, et al. Lesbian, gay and bisexual parents' experiences of nurses' attitudes in child health care: a qualitative study. J Clin Nurs. 2017; 26:5065-5071. Listen to the full conversation with EBN's Editor-in-Chief Professor Alison Twycross and read the commentary: https://ebn.bmj.com/content/21/2/47.
Although several studies conclude higher mortality rates on hospital weekend admissions are due to reduced staff and services, these patients more often display clinical characteristics that increase their mortality risk, compared with those admitted during the week, a recent study concludes. The findings, based on an analysis of electronic health records, are discussed in a conversation between Associate Editor of EBN David Barrett (University of Hull, UK) and Pamela de Cordova (Rutgers School of Nursing, The State University of New Jersey, USA). Dr de Cordova is the author of a commentary published by EBN: https://ebn.bmj.com/content/21/2/49. The original research is titled “Mortality risks associated with emergency admissions during weekends and public holidays: an analysis of electronic health records”. Lancet 2017;390:62–72.
In this episode, Helen Noble, associate editor at EBN, talks to Linda Campbell, the stroke coordinator at NHS Highland in Scotland. They are discussing the need for nurse education to address uncertainties of role and contribution in stroke rehabilitation. Read the commentary on the EBN website: http://ebn.bmj.com/content/21/2/44. Commentary on: Loft MI, Poulsen I, Esbensen BA, et al. Nurses’ and nurse assistants’ beliefs, attitudes and actions related to role and function in an inpatient stroke rehabilitation unit: a qualitative study. J Clin Nurs 2017;26:4905–14.
School nurses are well-positioned to support adolescents experiencing pain secondary to stress and unhealthy lifestyle choices, but require training relevant to addressing such antecedents of pain. Paediatric nurse Brenna Quinn discusses with the editor of EBN Alison Twycross the challenge of supporting adolescents experiencing emotional or physical pain in schools. Professor Quinn (University of Massachusetts Lowell, Solomont School of Nursing, USA) is the author of a commentary published by Evidence-Based Nursing titled: “School nurses are able to support adolescents experiencing pain secondary to stress and unhealthy lifestyle choices”. Read the paper here: http://ebn.bmj.com/content/21/2/45.
Nurses are witnessing a higher prevalence of self-harm related to mental health in children and young people, says Lin Graham-Ray, designated nurse for looked after children and care-leavers in Merton and Wandsworth CCGs. The nurse consultant was the invited host of the EBN Twitter chat of 3rd January, which emphasized the need for nurses to understand that the problem “is happening all over the place" - she tells Associate Editor of EBN Roberta Heale in this podcast. Lin advocates listening and keeping the communication going with patients, from the privileged perspective of a nurse, as the key to prevention of self-harm in young people. Read the full chat: https://storify.com/EBN_BMJ/self-harm-with-young-people. You can join the bi-monthly EBN Online Journal Chats on Twitter by searching for #ebnjc. Follow Evidence-Based Nursing on Twitter: @EBNursingBMJ. For more information on the subjects covered in this podcast visit the Evidence-Based Nursing website (http://ebn.bmj.com/) and the blog (https://blogs.bmj.com/ebn/2017/12/29/self-harm-and-young-people).
In this episode Helen Noble, Associate Editor of EBN, talks to Professor Tom Quinn, Professor of Nursing at the Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, about the recently published paper "Routine supplementary oxygen for the normoxic patient with suspected acute myocardial infarction is no longer warranted". Read it here: http://ebn.bmj.com/content/21/1/13.
In this episode Dr David Barrett, Associate Editor on EBN, talks to Despina Anagnostou, School of Medicine, Cardiff University. about her published paper "Palliative care improves quality of life and reduces symptom burden in adults with life-limiting illness". Full paper >> http://ebn.bmj.com/content/20/2/47
In this episode Roberta Heale, Associate Editor of EBN, talks to Dr May Ann Pascuale, Assistant Professor of Nursing at Cedar Crest College. They discuss the recently published paper "Support for presence during cardiopulmonary resuscitation if it is a child or relative, though views differ by gender" Full paper >> http://ebn.bmj.com/content/19/2/58
In this episode Helen Noble, Associate Editor EBN, talks to Constance Guille, Medical University of South Carolina, about her recent article Telephone delivery of Interpersonal Psychotherapy by Certified Nurse-Midwives may help reduce symptoms of Postpartum Depression in EBN journal. Full article >> http://ebn.bmj.com/content/20/1/12
In this episode Helen Noble, Associate Editor EBN, talks to Ian Walsh, Clinical Academic, Queen’s University Belfast, about the recently published paper "Persistent Long-Term Urinary Incontinence Post Parturition" in Evidence Based Nursing. Full paper >> http://ebn.bmj.com/content/20/1/8.full
In this episode Helen Noble talks to Kim Cox about her recently published paper in EBN entitled "Vaginal birth after caesarean (VBAC) at home in England: an opportunity for shared decision making" Full paper >> http://ebn.bmj.com/content/early/2016/09/14/eb-2016-102452
In this episode David Barrett talks to Pamela B de Cordova about the recently published paper "Staffing and nurse-perceived quality of care". Full paper >> http://ebn.bmj.com/content/20/1/19
In this episode Dr Helen Noble talks to Dr Yusra Harahsheh about the recent commentary published in EBN entitled "Intermittent pneumatic compression is effective in reducing proximal DVT" Full text >> http://ebn.bmj.com/content/19/2/47.full
In this episode Joanna Smith talks to Dr Ali about the recent paper in EBN entitled "Parent preferences on pain prevention, even when faced with medication dilemmas, influence their decisions to administer opioids in children." Read the article >> http://ebn.bmj.com/content/19/2/51.full
In this episode, Alison Tywcross and Stacey Roles talk about the recent literature review entitled "It is unclear if combined motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioural therapy improve medication adherence". Read the full paper here: http://ebn.bmj.com/content/early/2016/06/24/eb-2016-102370.full.
In this podcast Dr Roberta Heale talks to Dr Bernice Redley about the paper recently published in EBN entitled "Information gaps in medication communication during clinical handover calls for a different approach". Full article >> http://ebn.bmj.com/content/early/2016/07/26/ebnurs-2016-102316.extract
In this episode Helen Noble and Patricia Crane talk about the review of a paper entitled "Fatigue two months after myocardial infarction may indicate risk for persistent fatigue" Full text: http://ebn.bmj.com/content/19/3/78.full
In this podcast Helen Noble talks to Jennifer Fournier about the recently published paper in EBN "Nurse-led home exercise programme improves physical function for people receiving haemodialysis" Full paper >> http://ebn.bmj.com/content/19/1/12.full
In this podcast Roberta Heale talks to David Wright and Amanda Vandyk about the recent paper "Community palliative care use by dementia sufferers may reduce emergency department use at end of life".
In this podcast Dr Joanna Smith talks to Dr Colin Michie about his recently published paper in EBN entitled "Breast feeding could reduce the risk of childhood leukaemias" Full paper > http://ebn.bmj.com/content/early/2016/01/12/eb-2015-102200.full
In this podcast Roberta Heale talks to Dr Peter O'Halloran about the paper "After the Liverpool Care Pathway clear guidance and support on end-of-life care is needed." They discuss the newly implemented pathways and the effects these have on practice and patients. Full paper>> http://ebn.bmj.com/content/19/1/27.full?sid=6cdd43f3-7315-41d7-b249-3df4e3f74a5c