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In this BTP Short, Dr. Dewey Caron shares another of his “audio postcards,” this time exploring the critical role of fat bees—also known as diutinus bees—in helping colonies survive winter. Dewey explains how these long-lived worker bees differ from their summer sisters, with enlarged fat bodies, higher protein reserves, and lower juvenile hormone levels, all tied to the key blood protein vitellogenin. Drawing on published research papers, Dewey highlights how environmental cues such as declining pollen, temperature, and daylight trigger the production of winter bees, and how clustering helps colonies thermoregulate through the cold months. He emphasizes that strong, heavy colonies going into winter are far more likely to survive than weak or light ones. For beekeepers, Dewey stresses the importance of continuous Varroa control throughout the season, fall feeding to ensure sufficient carbohydrate and protein stores, and combining weaker units when necessary. He also discusses drone eviction, stock influences, and climate change modeling that suggests warmer falls may disrupt the balance of winter bee production and survival. This episode provides science-based insights and practical recommendations to help beekeepers communicate with their colonies—ensuring not only fat bees, but fat, well-prepared colonies for overwintering success. Websites and Links mention in the episode: Döke, Mehmet A. M. Frazier, and C. Grozinger, 2015 “Overwintering honey bees: biology and management,” Current Opinion in Insect Science. Mehmet Ali Döke, Christina M. Grozinger. 2017. Pheromonal control of overwintering physiology and success in honey bees (Apis mellifera, L.) Döke, Mehmet Ali, CM McGrady, M. Otieno, CM Grozinger, M Frazier. 2019. Colony size, rather than geographic origin of stocks, predicts overwintering success in honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in the Northeastern United States. J. Econ. Entomology 112 (2), 525-533, DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy377 Stephanie Feliciano-Cardona, †Mehmet Ali Döke, Janpierre Ale man,Jose Luis Agosto-Rivera. Christina M. Grozinger and Tugrul Giray 2020. Honey Bees in the Tropics Show Winter Bee-Like Longevity in Response to Seasonal Dearth and Brood Reduction. Front. Ecol. Evol., 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2020.571094 Somerville, Doug (2005) Fat Bees Skinny Bees, A manual on honey bee nutrition for beekeepers., Australia. Available on the Web at https://www.agrifutures.com.au/wp-content/uploads/publications/05-054.pdf https://rirdc.infoservices.com.au/downloads/05-054 Kirti Rajagopalan, Gloria DeGrandi-Hoffman, Matthew Pruett, Vincent P. Jones, Vanessa Corby-Harris, Julien Pireaud, Robert Curry, Brandon Hopkins & Tobin D. Northfield. 2024. Warmer autumns and winters could reduce honey bee overwintering survival with potential risks for pollination services. Scientific Reports volume 14, Article number: 5410 (2024) For homework Ashley L. St. Clair , Nathanael J. Beach, Adam G. Dolezal. 2022. Honey bee hive covers reduce food consumption and colony mortality during overwintering. Plos One. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266219 SBGM videos: https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/#inbox/FMfcgzQcpKmXBhglCpthGSBzvHVLlSfp Brought to you by Betterbee – your partners in better beekeeping. ______________ Betterbee is the presenting sponsor of Beekeeping Today Podcast. Betterbee's mission is to support every beekeeper with excellent customer service, continued education and quality equipment. From their colorful and informative catalog to their support of beekeeper educational activities, including this podcast series, Betterbee truly is Beekeepers Serving Beekeepers. See for yourself at www.betterbee.com Copyright © 2025 by Growing Planet Media, LLC
Ep 461 WILLIS OTIENO - HOW RUTO CAN LEAVE IN 2026, GACHAGUA'S ONLY HOPE, IEBC, SIFUNA & ODM
Paul Otieno sits down with Chris May to talk about Summer Workouts with Billiken Basketball by with Billikens AD Chris May
Kenya's Security Agencies ROT with Willis Otieno and Prof Gitile Naituli on #DriveInn by Capital FM
Hello,Kindly listen to the teaching titled THE HOLY SPIRIT; THE SOURCE OF SPIRITUAL LIGHT (John 16:1-14) by Rev. Tom Otieno from the Mid-Week Service on Wed. 26th March 2025 from the Prayer Conference 2025
Hello,Kindly listen to the sermon titled "..LET THERE BE LIGHT…." [Genesis 1:1-3] by Rev. Tom Otieno from the Morning Session of Tuesday, 25th March 2025 during the Prayer Conference 2025
Hello,Kindly listen to the teaching titled ‘..LET THERE BE LIGHT….' (Ephesians 5:8-20) by Rev. Tom Otieno from the Mid-Morning Session of the Prayer Conference 2025 of Tuesday, 25th March 2025
State of the nation with Willis Otieno Lawyer and Safina Deputy Party Leader on #DriveInn with Chiko and Fellaris by Capital FM
In Kenya, where white-collar jobs seem increasingly elusive, young people are turning to content creation and photography to make a living. Leveraging technology, many are tapping into social media platforms like TikTok, Instagram, and YouTube to stay ahead. On Sundays, groups of young people can be seen gathering with cameras, dancing in coordinated moves before uploading their content to these platforms. With 35% of Kenya's population aged between 15 and 34, the United Nations estimates that 67% of this demographic is unemployed. For 22-year-old Vincent Otieno, content creation offers him and his group of six dancers from Nairobi's slums a crucial income stream. They earn money through tips from fans on TikTok and advertisements on YouTube, as well as performing at parties. On average, each group member makes around $120 per month. “We post on Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube where we make around a hundred dollars in a month, which is better than nothing,” Otieno explains. The dynamic trio of 20-year-olds Angeline Muema, Trisha Pangie, and Cecilia Nyambura have been creating content on TikTok for a year. Angeline, still a college student, expresses doubts about finding a white-collar job after graduation. “It's better I do these videos and I get something than just staying idle and I am not getting something and at the end of the day, maybe I might graduate, yes, and I won't get a job. So, I better do these videos and I get something,” she says. Together, the trio makes $600 a month, interacting with fans who give them monetary gifts. Meanwhile, 25-year-old dancer Mark Maranga, who holds a degree in nursing and public health, turned to social media content creation after struggling to find a job. For him, the platform offers not only income but also a way to avoid social vices. “Instead of indulging in activities like stealing and robbery, but now it has helped most of the youths, they engage in this activities of dancing and now they have to get something. With the help of the money, the few cash they get, they can go and feed their families,” he says. This article was provided by The Associated Press.
Join us for a profound conversation on waiting on God with Pastor Yula Otieno and Linda Mwaniki. Reflecting on Habakkuk 2:3, Pr. Yula shares her personal journey of trust and patience, particularly in her marriage. Discover how focusing on God's promises transformed her perspective and prepared her for the blessings that come from obedience. Tune in as we explore the challenges and triumphs of faithfully waiting on God's timing. #citamchurchonline #ChurchEveryday Get in touch with us: http://www.citam.org/ churchonline@citam.org (+254) 784 277 277 (+254) 728 221 221
This week, I have the pleasure of speaking with Atieno Otieno, a mother who brings a thoughtful approach to raising her son, Kai. Atieno integrates old-fashioned parenting principles with modern soft parenting techniques to create a nurturing yet structured environment. We delve into how this balanced approach not only fosters a strong parent-child bond but also nurtures emotional health for both. Tune in as we explore the mental health implications of parenting styles and how they shape the next generation. Key Discussion Points:
In this episode, we sit down with Kenneth Otieno, CEO of Perfume Plus Uganda, to explore the fascinating world of perfumes. Kenneth takes us through the history of perfume, shares his top 10 recommended scents for men and women, and breaks down the key differences between Arab and designer perfumes. He also reveals common mistakes people make when buying perfumes and offers expert advice on how to apply them properly. Whether you're a fragrance enthusiast or a newcomer, this episode is packed with valuable insights on choosing the perfect scent.
In this episode, we explore a crucial aspect of public health communication during the pandemic: reaching young adults. Drs. Otieno and Khan explore how a Midwestern university leveraged social media, specifically Instagram, to engage students with risk communication and community engagement (RCCE) strategies around COVID-19. You can find more information about today's content in the recently published book, "COVID-19 and Public Health: Global Responses to the Pandemic."
Historic protests across Kenya in the past week have mobilised a disenfranchised youth enraged at the Government's attempt to raise taxes on the working class and poor to pay government debt to the IMF and other international creditors. The 2024 Finance Bill has sparked hatred at a political class who flaunt their opulent lifestyles while hiking the price of bread, cooking oil, and many other essentials. Protesters refused to back down in the face of intense repression in which many people have been killed protest — with police using live ammunition and disappearing high profile figures in the protest. This episode Chloe spoke with Ezra Otieno, a leading member of the Revolutionary Socialist League of Kenya about the protest movement in Kenya.
Three people facing second-degree murder charges in the death of Irvo Otieno have had their charges downgraded. Wavie Jones, Kaiyell Sanders and Brandon Rodgers are now charged with involuntary manslaughter, according to online court records. Sanders and Rodgers are deputies with the Henrico Sheriff's Office while Jones is a worker at Central State Hospital. Earlier this month, Dinwiddie County Commonwealth's Attorney Amanda Mann essentially dropped charges against five others arrested on second-degree murder charges in connection to Otieno's death. Click here to continue reading on WTVR.com, a Henrico Citizen partner organization.Article LinkSupport the Show.
Some charges dropped in Otieno death; Rep. Bob Good wants to defund NPR; MVP's burst pipe; and a new marine science degree at W&M.
Dinwiddie County Commonwealth's Attorney Amanda Mann has essentially dropped charges against five of the eight people arrested in connection with the in-custody death of Irvo Otieno. Henrico County Sheriff's Deputies Jermaine Branch, Randy Boyer, Bradley Disse, Tabitha Levere, and Dwayne Bramble were previously charged with second-degree murder in connection to Otieno's March 2023 death. Otieno, 28, died while in custody at Central State Hospital after he was transported there from the Henrico County jail while experiencing a mental health crisis. The deputies were directly indicted by the previous Dinwiddie Commonwealth's Attorney Ann Cabell Baskervill. Mann filed to nolle prosse the...Article LinkSupport the Show.
Legislation inspired by a Henrico County man who died at Central State Hospital last March cleared its first hurdle at the Virginia General Assembly. The House Committee for Courts of Justice Criminal Subcommittee unanimously approved HB 1242, also called Irvo's Law, on Monday following testimony from loved ones of the bill's namesake. The bill aims to preserve a family member or caregiver's access to a loved one being treated at a health facility for a mental health crisis under an emergency custody order (ECO) or temporary detention order (TDO). Irvo Otieno, a Henrico County man, was suffering from a mental health crisis in...Article LinkSupport the show
Hammarby ser ut att värva en beprövad poängspelare. AIK är ute efter en Otieno-ersättare. Djurgården går mot att sälja två stortalanger. Och kamratklubbarna befinner sig i en dragkamp om en gammal spelare. Därtill uppges Sporting ha tackat nej till över 950 miljoner kronor för Viktor Gyökeres. Med: Wilhelm Edlund och Anel Avdic
It's a format-breaking intro for the last episode of 2023 — and we've got a lot of news to get through. From everyone here at VPM News, thank you so much for listening, watching, reading and engaging with us. We're going to take a couple weeks off now, but you'll hear from us soon. We'll be back on Thursday, Jan. 4.
HCA Healthcare's Henrico Doctors' Hospital, the hospital where 28-year-old Irvo Otieno was first taken while he was in a mental health crisis days before his death, failed to give Otieno the emergency treatment he needed, according to an investigative report obtained by CBS 6. In response to a complaint about how the hospital handled Otieno, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services requested that the Virginia Department of Health (VDH) complete an investigation into whether the facility followed federal regulations. The findings, obtained by CBS 6 reporter Melissa Hipolit, revealed hospital staff failed to provide the necessary stabilizing treatment after...Article LinkSupport the show
INSIDE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS & PETITIONS
YOUR PERSONAL MONEY IS NOT REALLY YOUR MONEY
From an early age, Bryan was exposed to a side of Africa seldom spoken of in mainstream media. In 2016, after a trip to his home-country Kenya with close friends, he returned with an idea. To expose the sounds and creativity that were pulsating from Africa. Listen as he shares the community-fuelled origin story of ‘The Ubunifu Space', as well as giving us an insight into his Luo name and culture. Themes explored: Naming patterns in Kenya The Ubunifu Space Luo, Language & Culture Creativity from the continent —--- Bryan's Instagram: @bryanobonyo Check out The Ubunifu Space: @ubunifuspace —--- Unravel more name and origin-stories here: https://www.instagram.com/noshameinmynamepod/ https://twitter.com/nsimnpod https://www.linkedin.com/company/no-shame-in-my-name/?viewAsMember=true #NSIMN
What if plastic waste could power your car? In Kenya, one entrepreneur is turning plastic waste into fuel to power cars and all kinds of engines. The complex chemical structures that make plastic so tough and durable also make plastics difficult to break down–that's why they can take hundreds of years to decompose, if at all. Progreen Innovations Limited in Kenya is one of a growing number of companies that are converting plastic into liquid fuel. "We take it through a pyrolysis process and we end up with usable fuel, which is an alternative fuel for petrol and diesel engines," says James Muritu, the founder of the company. Pyrolysis involves heating the plastic at very high temperatures in the absence of oxygen, so combustion doesn't occur. The process results in combustible gases and biochar. Some of the gases are condensed into a liquid called bio or pyrolysis oil. Other by-products are captured and turned into biochar, which is used to fuel the furnace, according to Muritu. The United Nations Environment Programme estimated that only 12% of global plastic waste is incinerated and 9% is recycled. To solve part of this issue, at least locally, Muritu sources waste plastic from dumpsites or buys it from resellers. Muritu uses the liquid fuel to run the plastic shredder, power chainsaws, and even his own car. "The most carbon-effective way of dealing with plastic waste is not to produce plastic at all. So, we need to innovate to find alternatives to plastics. But while we have the plastics; the ones that we have already produced, we need to explore all options. And I think pyrolysis and low-tech locally produced processes like the one the innovator has come up with, should be encouraged," said Nickson Otieno, a local climate change expert and sustainability consultant. The majority of the toxic gases produced in the reaction are not released into the atmosphere but redirected back into the process, Otieno explains. Muritu isn't selling his fuel yet, as he has yet to secure approval from the Kenya Bureau of Standards. This article was provided by The Associated Press.
09/21/23 - The family of Irvo Otieno reaches $8.5 million settlement in his wrongful death suit; The Virginia Department of Elections announced it signed agreements with five states and Washington DC to share voter data; and other stories.
Louis Otieno Chairman Airtel Kenya On #JamMasters with Charles Kiarie #DriveOut by Capital FM
Mark Otieno Odhiambo is a Kenyan world class track athlete. As a national champion and ranked as one of the fastest people not only in Kenya but in the world, he has a relationship with God that is inspiring and firm. Throughout our conversation today, we talk about a lot of things that will make you think about God's love, His faith, and how he continues to be with Mark even through difficult circumstances. As we discuss what it looks like to show Christ through his performance and how he carries himself, Mark stays humble and gives insight into picking up his cross daily to follow God. Listen and learn more about:Keeping Christ at the center of your life and athletic careerHow the sports culture in Kenya shaped the athlete that Mark is todayWhy he chose to compete in track and field professionallyMaking those around you better through your actions and wordsIs it more difficult to spread the Gospel as a professional athlete? https://www.competingforchristpodcast.com/Need encouragement or want to come on the show? Text me: (904) 463-5917 Email me: competingforchristpodcast@gmail.com
It is clear that African nations are gearing up for a major leap forward in economic growth thanks to recent technological innovations in artificial intelligence and enhanced availability of technology tools to individuals. The African Development Bank anticipates an average of 4 percent real GDP growth in 2023 and 2024. How are legal frameworks keeping pace with that growth, especially regarding disruptive technology?In this episode of Explain to Shane, Shane interviews Susan "Guya" Obunga Otieno, a legal advisor for PICHA, a digital media company that specializes in African photography and digital imagery. They discuss the state of privacy law in Africa, the growing African stock photography market, generative artificial intelligence and African languages, and how PICHA is working to empower African photographers and the intellectual property elements of the business.Guya shares her insights on the challenges and opportunities of doing business in Africa, the power of photography to tell stories and connect people, and the importance of protecting the privacy of African citizens. Shane emphasizes the need for revised privacy laws here in the United States to enable data protection on an international scale. This is a fascinating and timely episode that will give you a new perspective on African industry and the people who are growing it.
SNEAKER SERIES P3 with MELISSA OTIENO (Mel)
State medical examiner rules Irvo Otieno's death a homicide; The teacher allegedly shot by a 6-year-old student files a $40 million dollar lawsuit against the school system; What has Gov. Youngkin's Office of Transformation been up to?; and other local news stories
3.29.2023 #RolandMartinUnfiltered: MS Rolling Fork Devastation, Chris Christie v. Trump, VA Irvo Otieno Funeral, SC Hate Crime Bill The town of Rolling Fork, Mississippi, was hit by a deadly tornado on Friday that claimed 25 lives across the state. We will speak with the Department of Homeland Security Center for Faith-Based & Neighborhood Partnerships Director about the continued recovery efforts and how the public can pitch in to help. After a failed presidential run in 2016, Ex-New Jersey Governor Chris Christie thinks he can be the next president in 2024. Now he is saying Trump's Presidential run isn't ending well. I will show you what he said and remind Christie about the last time he and I had a conversation about presidential elections, which didn't end well for him. The funeral and memorial service for Irvo Otieno took place in Virginia this morning. We will show you what Otieno's Family Attorney, Ben Crump, said at the service and how the family continues fighting for Justice. Also, a new video was released showing the hours that led up to Otieno's death. We will show you the security footage contradicting what deputies reported about Otieno's behavior. In our tech talk segment, We will speak about an eLearning platform revolutionizing how people learn. The CEOs of Skilldora will explain how they make learning more interactive and personalized through cutting-edge technology. Download the Black Star Network app at http://www.blackstarnetwork.com! We're on iOS, AppleTV, Android, AndroidTV, Roku, FireTV, XBox and SamsungTV. The #BlackStarNetwork is a news reporting platform covered under Copyright Disclaimer. Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
Mourners congregated at First Baptist Church of South Richmond in North Chesterfield on yesterday to mark the life of Irvo Otieno; Shakia Gullette Warren will become the executive director of the Black History Museum and Cultural Center of Virginia on May 1st; A federal judge in Richmond heard arguments Wednesday in the case of an 18-year-old man fatally shot by Virginia State Troopers during a traffic stop in 2021; and other local news stories.
This week on America Changed Forever with Jeff Pegues, an exclusive interview with Caroline Ouko, the mother of Irvo Otieno who was killed while detained and shackled at a Virginia psychiatric facility. And, after hours of Congressional testimony from Shou Chew, the Tik Tok CEO, Professor Robyn Caplan, a founding member of the Platform Governance Research Network, explains why the United States government is contemplating a nationwide ban of the controversial social media platform. See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.
3.21.2023 #RolandMartinUnfiltered:Irvo Otieno Surveillance Video Released, GOP Defining Woke, National Medals of Arts & Humanities The Washington Post obtained, edited, and released 9 minutes of surveillance footage from a Virginia state hospital moments leading up to Irvo Otiene's death. We'll show you the disturbing video. Roland will speak with Retired LAPD Sergeant Cheryl Dorsey about what went wrong and what needs to be done to address the disparities of deaths during mental health crises at the hands of the Police. The GOP continues using Buzzword Woke to rile up their conservative base. But they struggle to define what the word means. Roland will show a clip of Fox News host Dana Perino fumbling to explain woke and suggesting WOKE is indefinable. President Joe Biden hosts a ceremony to award recipients of the 2021 National Humanities Medals and the 2021 National Medals of Arts. Roland spoke to two of the awardees, Gladys Knight and Johnnetta Betsch Cole. He will share what they had to say. We all need life insurance, and one Colorado-based company makes it easier for black families to prepare for the worse. Roland will speak with the CEO of Afrikare Life, a new life insurance platform. It's Time to Bring the funk on Roland Martin Unfiltered streaming live on the Black Star Network. Let's go. Download the Black Star Network app at http://www.blackstarnetwork.com! We're on iOS, AppleTV, Android, AndroidTV, Roku, FireTV, XBox and SamsungTV. The #BlackStarNetwork is a news reporting platform covered under Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
The demolition of Spring Rock Green shopping center on Midlothian Turnpike in North Chesterfield began Tuesday; The Richmond Planning commission delayed a vote that would have authorized a 260-unit apartment complex in the Museum District; A grand jury in Dinwiddie has returned an indictment charging 10 people with killing a man as he was being admitted into a state mental hospital; and other local news stories.
On this Tuesday episode of THE POLITICRAT daily podcast Omar Moore on the execution of Irvo Otieno and the passing of the late, great Willis Reed. March 21, 2023. New podcast: TÁR Talk (https://bit.ly/3QXRkcF) The new POLITICRAT newsletter is here! Subscribe for free: https://politicrat.substack.com. Social media: Spoutible - https://spoutible.com/popcornreel Mastodon - https://mas.to/@popcornreel Post: https://post.news/popcornreel Twitter: https://twitter.com/popcornreel Black Voters Matter: https://blackvotersmatterfund.org. Vote 411: https://vote411.org. The AUTONOMY t-shirt series—buy yours here: https://bit.ly/3yD89AL Planned Parenthood: https://plannedparenthood.org Register to vote NOW: https://vote.org The ENOUGH/END GUN VIOLENCE t-shirts on sale here: https://bit.ly/3zsVDFU Donate to the Man Up Organization: https://manupinc.org FREE: SUBSCRIBE NOW TO THE BRAND NEW POLITICRAT DAILY PODCAST NEWSLETTER!! Extra content, audio, analysis, exclusive essays for subscribers only, plus special offers and discounts on merchandise at The Politicrat Daily Podcast online store. Something new and informative EVERY DAY!! Subscribe FREE at https://politicrat.substack.com Buy podcast merchandise (all designed by Omar Moore) and lots more at The Politicrat Daily Podcast Store: https://the-politicrat.myshopify.com The Politicrat YouTube page: bit.ly/3bfWk6V The Politicrat Facebook page: bit.ly/3bU1O7c The Politicrat blog: https://politicrat.politics.blog Join Omar on Fanbase NOW! Download the Fanbase social media app today. PLEASE SUBSCRIBE to this to this podcast! Follow/tweet Omar at: https://twitter.com/thepopcornreel.
Video from a mental hospital in Virginia shows the overpowering use of force that led to the death of a 28-year-old patient. A grand jury indicted 10 people on second-degree murder charges in connection to Irvo Otieno's death. William Brangham discussed the case with Otieno's mother, Caroline Ouko, and attorney Benjamin Crump. A warning: Many will find the video in this story disturbing. PBS NewsHour is supported by - https://www.pbs.org/newshour/about/funders
03/21/23 Youngkin calls for patience in Otieno murder case; Richmond's planning commission green lights a new George Wythe High School; Local band Deau Eyes wins the second-annual Newlin Music Prize; and other local news stories
(3/11/2023-3/18/2023) Tune in. patreon.com/isaiahnews --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/isaiah-m-edwards/support
Alex Otieno (Arcadia University) joins Merle and Lee to discuss HIV-AIDS in Kenya. After a broad overview of the AIDS pandemic from the 1980s until today, including the issues of mortality and treatment, the conversation moves to Africa and Kenya. Alex discusses the early failure of Kenya to deal with the pandemic, and the rapid evolution of its response since the late 1990s, which has resulted in considerable success. Among the topics covered is the international aid that Kenya receives, the rise of circumcision among males in Kenya, and how the country lives with HIV-AIDS at the present, and both top-down and bottom-up responses to HIV. The conversation concludes with a discussion of the future.
For this 1v1, SDH catches up with a USL League One player who has already played in the last game of the year for his team...Coming from Union Omaha, MF Tobias Otieno now gets to replicate the feat with TormentaWe catch up with him for his thoughts on League One, Tormenta, and the match-up
Walter Otieno had the VC for a class back in 2016. Hear how the Lord has been using this Kenyan national in ministry here in Uganda.