Podcast appearances and mentions of steve crocker

Tourism Minister, Steve Crocker, provided an update on the province's efforts to improve access to air travel. Two years ago, the government launched Vision 2026 -- with air travel being a top priority for tourism recovery.  But, expensive airfare and limited flights have been an issue for travelers in this province for a long time.Jordan Brown is the MHA for Labrador West, and he joined us on the line this morning.

Back on the high seas... the Argentia ferry Ala'suinu is finally making its first voyage. We reach the minister of tourism, culture, arts and recreation to hear what the delays have meant to our tourism industry... and discuss what we can do now to repair any damage to our reputation. (Krissy Holmes with Steve Crocker)

Marble Mountain will get some repairs and upgrades in the coming months. The provincial government set aside another one million dollars in the spring budget for capital improvements at the ski facility in Steady Brook. Steve Crocker is the province's Minister of Tourism, Culture, Arts and Recreation. He spoke with the CBC's Colleen Connors.

In response to escalating gang violence and severe food shortages, a U.S. government-chartered flight from Cap Haitien brought 47 Americans to safety in Miami. This operation follows a series of evacuations and warnings of dire conditions in Haiti.With the arrival of spring, it's the perfect time to declutter your finances and address pressing financial matters. CBS News business analyst Jill Schlesinger offers expert advice on how to refresh and organize your financial life.In a heartfelt return to prime-time, Oprah Winfrey confronts the complex issues of obesity and the associated shame, sharing her personal journey with weight and discussing the impact of weight-loss drugs like Ozempic.The children of late Run D-M-C star DJ Jam Master Jay are speaking out for the first time since two men were convicted last month of murdering their father more than 20 years ago. CBS New York anchor Maurice DuBois spoke to them at "Scratch DJ Academy," which was co-founded by their father."CBS Mornings" co-host Tony Dokoupil sits down with three computer scientists who helped create the internet, Bob Kahn, Vint Cerf and Steve Crocker, to see what they think of their creation now, and what our digital future may hold.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

For the love of heritage: The cable superintendent's house in Heart's Content - a dwelling with many stories to tell - gets special recognition. To find out more we speak with an outreach officer for Heritage NL as well as the minister of Tourism, Culture, Arts and Recreation. (Anthony Germain with Andrea O'Brien and Steve Crocker)

Back in 2019, Air Canada and Westjet cancelled their direct flights between St.John's and Europe. Ever since then, people who want to cross the Atlantic have had to go through Halifax or Toronto, which added hours to the trip. Now Westjet is bringing back its St.John's-London route, three times a week from May to October. Steve Crocker is the provincial minister of tourism.

Steve Crocker (Season 4 Episode 12) by Intravenous 205

This is the untold history of how the internet almost didn't happen. It's an ode to fathers and daughters. And it's a tale about the origins of the man-computer symbiosis that's still profoundly relevant to our society today. Host Christine Haughney Dare-Bryan, an editor-at-large at Inc., is a James Beard Award-winning journalist who has worked for NBC News as well as three of the nation's largest newspapers, and who created the Emmy-nominated Netflix series Rotten. Dare-Bryan's connection to the story is deeply personal—her father, Joseph Haughney, was one of the internet's founding fathers. By looking to the past, Computer Freaks dives into modern debates: Could we have prevented online harm from the start? What is the balance between free speech and online content moderation? How much human work should be delegated to technology and A.I.? And what direction should this growing labyrinthine network of computers take? Computer Freaks tells the dramatic, untold history of the internet straight from the mouths of its pioneering inventors: Len Kleinrock, Robert Kahn, Charley Kline, Steve Crocker, Vinton Cerf, and Bob Metcalfe, among many others. Exclusive interviews uncover hidden stories found nowhere else about the Arpanet, online harm, hacking, authentication, cybersecurity, Ethernet, TCP IP, packet switching, queuing theory, and the early contributions of women in tech.

2024 will be the Year of the Arts in this province. We find out what that means from the minister of Tourism, Culture, Arts and Recreation. (Anthony Germain with Steve Crocker)

Today we are talking politics and taking a look at some of the big newsmakers of the past few months. Today we have Steve Crocker, Jim Dinn, and Barry Petten in the studio.

It's been seen on Broadway in New York City, on London's West End. and on stages around the world. But the story of Gander and area's kindness to stranded passengers after 911 has only been staged in Newfoundland and Labrador as a concert. That will change next summer. Come From Away will be doing a residency at the Arts and Culture Centre in Gander starting July 7. On Friday, Premier Andrew Furey was joined by Come From Away producer Michael Rubinoff and Director Jillian Keiley at an announcement at the Gander Arts and Culture Centre. Steve Crocker, the Minister of Tourism, Culture, Art and Recreation, was also there.

The tourism industry in Newfoundland and Labrador did better this past summer than it did at the height of the pandemic. Fewer Covid-19 restrictions and more visitors due to Come Home Year certainly helped. But there are still big hurdles to get to pre-pandemic levels, and the tourism industry across the country is facing some of the same challenges. Last week, there was a national conference for tourism ministers from across Canada. Minister Steve Crocker was there to represent this province.

Last month, the provincial government put out a Request for Proposals, or R-F-P, to take things another step closer to the goal of having Marble Mountain operate as a four-season resort. That RFP closed recently, and a selected proponent could be notified as early as Friday. Steve Crocker is the province's Minister of Tourism, Culture, Arts and Recreation.

The Tech Policy Grind heads to Washington DC for a chat on the evolution of the Internet with its pioneers: Drs. Vint Cerf and Steve Crocker.

Reema catches up with ILPF Class 4 Communications Director Joe Catapano on his career in multistakeholder global Internet governance.

Joining Local Government Chronicle editor, Nick Golding this month is: Jill Colbert, Chief Executive at Together For Children and Defence Children's Services; Steve Crocker, President for Association of Directors of Children's Services and David Ayre, Partner, Local Government at TPXimpact.  On this episode the panel discuss the rising demand and cost for children and young people's services.  How can councils effectively run and set a precedent for giving vulnerable children the best start in life.  Are early intervention systems synergized with other council services? All this and more - listen to The Local Authority on all podcast platforms now!

Steve Crocker had loved sport in his younger days, and he had been highly active as an engineer on ships in the UK's Merchant Navy. Ever since being a kid, he had been kicking, catching, and running on the sports field, or sailing, swimming and canoeing in the sea off the coast of his native Cornwall. His fitness and strength as an adult masked a growing degeneration of his spine, and by the age of 39 mysteriously he was scuffing his shoes walking to work, tripping on kerbs, and struggling to lift his feet. A shocking diagnosis led to complicated surgeries, long rehabilitation and the increasing threat of a life ahead using a wheelchair. Depressed, he completely gave up on sport, and tried to develop an interest in looking at architecture and ancient churches. Then a few years ago, he happened to treat his then partner to a trip to watch a women's professional golf tournament, and the kindness of a stranger changed Steve's life.

Steve Crocker, CISO at Methodist Le Bonheur Healthcare, says after receiving a full briefing from IT security, business leaders should make the final decision on how much risk they want to accept. Source: Q&A With Methodist Le Bonheur Healthcare CISO Steve Crocker: IT Security Should “Assist Owners With How They Can Manage Risks on Their Assets” on healthsystemcio.com - healthsystemCIO.com is the sole online-only publication dedicated to exclusively and comprehensively serving the information needs of healthcare CIOs.

Fun face to face tyme with Fan Family member Steve Crocker . See the full-length video and others on our youtube page. Check us I AM A FAN... PODCAST on all social media platforms. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/augustin-rivera/support

(Starts at 0:51 mark) A Doyles man driving out in a wind and rain storm got the fright of his life Tuesday night. Ryan Moore was on his way back home when the road collapsed under his vehicle.(4:50) The TCH washed out in two sections near Doyles, and there were road closures on the Doyles Station Road and the highway through St. Andrew's. Wilfred MacIsaac is the chair of the local service district in St. Andrew's, and (11:03) The provincial government will once again look to privatize Marble Mountain. The last effort ended with no deals for the struggling ski resort. Steve Crocker is the minister responsible of tourism, culture, arts and recreation.

There's a new book out that looks at the multi-dimensional analysis of the social, political, and environmental problems that the Muskrat Falls hydroelectric project has caused. We'll spoke with the editors, Lisa Moore and Steve Crocker this morning.

The Internet is not a simple story to tell. In fact, every sentence here is worthy of an episode if not a few.  Many would claim the Internet began back in 1969 when the first node of the ARPAnet went online. That was the year we got the first color pictures of earthen from Apollo 10 and the year Nixon announced the US was leaving Vietnam. It was also the year of Stonewall, the moon landing, the Manson murders, and Woodstock. A lot was about to change. But maybe the story of the Internet starts before that, when the basic research to network computers began as a means of networking nuclear missile sites with fault-tolerant connections in the event of, well, nuclear war. Or the Internet began when a T3 backbone was built to host all the datas. Or the Internet began with the telegraph, when the first data was sent over electronic current. Or maybe the Internet began when the Chinese used fires to send messages across the Great Wall of China. Or maybe the Internet began when drums sent messages over long distances in ancient Africa, like early forms of packets flowing over Wi-Fi-esque sound waves.  We need to make complex stories simpler in order to teach them, so if the first node of the ARPAnet in 1969 is where this journey should end, feel free to stop here. To dig in a little deeper, though, that ARPAnet was just one of many networks that would merge into an interconnected network of networks. We had dialup providers like CompuServe, America Online, and even The WELL. We had regional timesharing networks like the DTSS out of Dartmouth University and PLATO out of the University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana. We had corporate time sharing networks and systems. Each competed or coexisted or took time from others or pushed more people to others through their evolutions. Many used their own custom protocols for connectivity. But most were walled gardens, unable to communicate with the others.  So if the story is more complicated than that the ARPAnet was the ancestor to the Internet, why is that the story we hear? Let's start that journey with a memo that we did an episode on called “Memorandum For Members and Affiliates of the Intergalactic Computer Network” sent by JCR Licklider in 1963 and can be considered the allspark that lit the bonfire called The ARPANet. Which isn't exactly the Internet but isn't not. In that memo, Lick proposed a network of computers available to research scientists of the early 60s. Scientists from computing centers that would evolve into supercomputing centers and then a network open to the world, even our phones, televisions, and watches. It took a few years, but eventually ARPA brought in Larry Roberts, and by late 1968 ARPA awarded an RFQ to build a network to a company called Bolt Beranek and Newman (BBN) who would build Interface Message Processors, or IMPs. The IMPS were computers that connected a number of sites and routed traffic. The first IMP, which might be thought of more as a network interface card today, went online at UCLA in 1969 with additional sites coming on frequently over the next few years. That system would become ARPANET. The first node of ARPAnet went online at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA for short). It grew as leased lines and more IMPs became more available. As they grew, the early computer scientists realized that each site had different computers running various and random stacks of applications and different operating systems. So we needed to standardize certain aspects connectivity between different computers.  Given that UCLA was the first site to come online, Steve Crocker from there began organizing notes about protocols and how systems connected with one another in what they called RFCs, or Request for Comments. That series of notes was then managed by a team that included Elizabeth (Jake) Feinler from Stanford once Doug Engelbart's project on the “Augmentation of Human Intellect” at Stanford Research Institute (SRI) became the second node to go online. SRI developed a Network Information Center, where Feinler maintained a list of host names (which evolved into the hosts file) and a list of address mappings which would later evolve into the functions of Internic which would be turned over to the US Department of Commerce when the number of devices connected to the Internet exploded. Feinler and Jon Postel from UCLA would maintain those though, until his death 28 years later and those RFCs include everything from opening terminal connections into machines to file sharing to addressing and now any place where the networking needs to become a standard.  The development of many of those early protocols that made computers useful over a network were also being funded by ARPA. They funded a number of projects to build tools that enabled the sharing of data, like file sharing and some advancements were loosely connected by people just doing things to make them useful and so by 1971 we also had email. But all those protocols needed to flow over a common form of connectivity that was scalable. Leonard Kleinrock, Paul Baran, and Donald Davies were independently investigating packet switching and Roberts brought Kleinrock into the project as he was at UCLA. Bob Kahn entered the picture in 1972. He would team up with Vint Cerf from Stanford who came up with encapsulation and so they would define the protocol that underlies the Internet, TCP/IP. By 1974 Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn wrote RFC 675 where they coined the term internet as shorthand for internetwork. The number of RFCs was exploding as was the number of nodes. The University of California Santa Barbara then the University of Utah to connect Ivan Sutherland's work. The network was national when BBN connected to it in 1970. Now there were 13 IMPs and by 1971, 18, then 29 in 72 and 40 in 73. Once the need arose, Kleinrock would go on to work with Farouk Kamoun to develop the hierarchical routing theories in the late 70s. By 1976, ARPA became DARPA. The network grew to 213 hosts in 1981 and by 1982, TCP/IP became the standard for the US DOD and in 1983, ARPANET moved fully over to TCP/IP. And so TCP/IP, or Transport Control Protocol/Internet Protocol is the most dominant networking protocol on the planet. It was written to help improve performance on the ARPAnet with the ingenious idea to encapsulate traffic. But in the 80s, it was just for researchers still. That is, until NSFNet was launched by the National Science Foundation in 1986.  And it was international, with the University College of London connecting in 1971, which would go on to inspire a British research network called JANET that built their own set of protocols called the Colored Book protocols. And the Norwegian Seismic Array connected over satellite in 1973. So networks were forming all over the place, often just time sharing networks where people dialed into a single computer. Another networking project going on at the time that was also getting funding from ARPA as well as the Air Force was PLATO. Out of the University of Illinois, was meant for teaching and began on a mainframe in 1960. But by the time ARPAnet was growing PLATO was on version IV and running on a CDC Cyber. The time sharing system hosted a number of courses, as they referred to programs. These included actual courseware, games, convent with audio and video, message boards, instant messaging, custom touch screen plasma displays, and the ability to dial into the system over lines, making the system another early network. In fact, there were multiple CDC Cybers that could communicate with one another. And many on ARPAnet also used PLATO, cross pollinating non-defense backed academia with a number of academic institutions.  The defense backing couldn't last forever. The Mansfield Amendment in 1973 banned general research by defense agencies. This meant that ARPA funding started to dry up and the scientists working on those projects needed a new place to fund their playtime. Bob Taylor split to go work at Xerox, where he was able to pick the best of the scientists he'd helped fund at ARPA. He helped bring in people from Stanford Research Institute, where they had been working on the oNLineSystem, or NLS and people like Bob Metcalfe who brought us Ethernet and better collusion detection. Metcalfe would go on to found 3Com a great switch and network interface company during the rise of the Internet. But there were plenty of people who could see the productivity gains from ARPAnet and didn't want it to disappear. And the National Science Foundation (NSF) was flush with cash. And the ARPA crew was increasingly aware of non-defense oriented use of the system. So the NSF started up a little project called CSNET in 1981 so the growing number of supercomputers could be shared between all the research universities. It was free for universities that could get connected and from 1985 to 1993 NSFNET, surged from 2,000 users to 2,000,000 users. Paul Mockapetris made the Internet easier than when it was an academic-only network by developing the Domain Name System, or DNS, in 1983. That's how we can call up remote computers by names rather than IP addresses. And of course DNS was yet another of the protocols in Postel at UCLAs list of protocol standards, which by 1986 after the selection of TCP/IP for NSFnet, would become the standardization body known as the IETF, or Internet Engineering Task Force for short. Maintaining a set of protocols that all vendors needed to work with was one of the best growth hacks ever. No vendor could have kept up with demand with a 1,000x growth in such a small number of years. NSFNet started with six nodes in 1985, connected by LSI-11 Fuzzball routers and quickly outgrew that backbone. They put it out to bid and Merit Network won out in a partnership between MCI, the State of Michigan, and IBM. Merit had begun before the first ARPAnet connections went online as a collaborative effort by Michigan State University, Wayne State University, and the University of Michigan. They'd been connecting their own machines since 1971 and had implemented TCP/IP and bridged to ARPANET. The money was getting bigger, they got $39 million from NSF to build what would emerge as the commercial Internet.  They launched in 1987 with 13 sites over 14 lines. By 1988 they'd gone nationwide going from a 56k backbone to a T1 and then 14 T1s. But the growth was too fast for even that. They re-engineered and by 1990 planned to add T3 lines running in parallel with the T1s for a time. By 1991 there were 16 backbones with traffic and users growing by an astounding 20% per month.  Vint Cerf ended up at MCI where he helped lobby for the privatization of the internet and helped found the Internet Society in 1988. The lobby worked and led to the the Scientific and Advanced-Technology Act in 1992. Before that, use of NSFNET was supposed to be for research and now it could expand to non-research and education uses. This allowed NSF to bring on even more nodes. And so by 1993 it was clear that this was growing beyond what a governmental institution whose charge was science could justify as “research” for any longer.  By 1994, Vent Cerf was designing the architecture and building the teams that would build the commercial internet backbone at MCI. And so NSFNET began the process of unloading the backbone and helped the world develop the commercial Internet by sprinkling a little money and know-how throughout the telecommunications industry, which was about to explode. NSFNET went offline in 1995 but by then there were networks in England, South Korea, Japan, Africa, and CERN was connected to NSFNET over TCP/IP. And Cisco was selling routers that would fuel an explosion internationally. There was a war of standards and yet over time we settled on TCP/IP as THE standard.  And those were just some of the nets. The Internet is really not just NSFNET or ARPANET but a combination of a lot of nets. At the time there were a lot of time sharing computers that people could dial into and following the release of the Altair, there was a rapidly growing personal computer market with modems becoming more and more approachable towards the end of the 1970s. You see, we talked about these larger networks but not hardware.  The first modulator demodulator, or modem, was the Bell 101 dataset, which had been invented all the way back in 1958, loosely based on a previous model developed to manage SAGE computers. But the transfer rate, or baud, had stopped being improved upon at 300 for almost 20 years and not much had changed. That is, until Hayes Hayes Microcomputer Products released a modem designed to run on the Altair 8800 S-100 bus in 1978. Personal computers could talk to one another.  And one of those Altair owners was Ward Christensen met Randy Suess at the Chicago Area Computer Hobbyists' Exchange and the two of them had this weird idea. Have a computer host a bulletin board on one of their computers. People could dial into it and discuss their Altair computers when it snowed too much to meet in person for their club. They started writing a little code and before you know it we had a tool they called Computerized Bulletin Board System software, or CBBS. The software and more importantly, the idea of a BBS spread like wildfire right along with the Atari, TRS-80, Commodores and Apple computers that were igniting the personal computing revolution. The number of nodes grew and as people started playing games, the speed of those modems jumped up with the v.32 standard hitting 9600 baud in 84, and over 25k in the early 90s. By the early 1980s, we got Fidonet, which was a network of Bulletin Board Systems and by the early 90s we had 25,000 BBS's. And other nets had been on the rise. And these were commercial ventures. The largest of those dial-up providers was America Online, or AOL. AOL began in 1985 and like most of the other dial-up providers of the day were there to connect people to a computer they hosted, like a timesharing system, and give access to fun things. Games, news, stocks, movie reviews, chatting with your friends, etc. There was also CompuServe, The Well, PSINet, Netcom, Usenet, Alternate, and many others. Some started to communicate with one another with the rise of the Metropolitan Area Exchanges who got an NSF grant to establish switched ethernet exchanges and the Commercial Internet Exchange in 1991, established by PSINet, UUNet, and CERFnet out of California.  Those slowly moved over to the Internet and even AOL got connected to the Internet in 1989 and thus the dial-up providers went from effectively being timesharing systems to Internet Service Providers as more and more people expanded their horizons away from the walled garden of the time sharing world and towards the Internet. The number of BBS systems started to wind down. All these IP addresses couldn't be managed easily and so IANA evolved out of being managed by contracts from research universities to DARPA and then to IANA as a part of ICANN and eventually the development of Regional Internet Registries so AFRINIC could serve Africa, ARIN could serve Antarctica, Canada, the Caribbean, and the US, APNIC could serve South, East, and Southeast Asia as well as Oceania LACNIC could serve Latin America and RIPE NCC could serve Europe, Central Asia, and West Asia. By the 90s the Cold War was winding down (temporarily at least) so they even added Russia to RIPE NCC. And so using tools like WinSOCK any old person could get on the Internet by dialing up. Modems for dial-ups transitioned to DSL and cable modems. We got the emergence of fiber with regional centers and even national FiOS connections. And because of all the hard work of all of these people and the money dumped into it by the various governments and research agencies, life is pretty darn good.  When we think of the Internet today we think of this interconnected web of endpoints and content that is all available. Much of that was made possible by the development of the World Wide Web by Tim Berners-Lee in in 1991 at CERN, and Mosaic came out of the National Center for Supercomputing applications, or NCSA at the University of Illinois, quickly becoming the browser everyone wanted to use until Mark Andreeson left to form Netscape. Netscape's IPO is probably one of the most pivotal moments where investors from around the world realized that all of this research and tech was built on standards and while there were some patents, the standards were freely useable by anyone.  Those standards let to an explosion of companies like Yahoo! from a couple of Stanford grad students and Amazon, started by a young hedge fund Vice President named Jeff Bezos who noticed all the money pouring into these companies and went off to do his own thing in 1994. The companies that arose to create and commercialize content and ideas to bring every industry online was ferocious.  And there were the researchers still writing the standards and even commercial interests helping with that. And there were open source contributors who helped make some of those standards easier to implement by regular old humans. And tools for those who build tools. And from there the Internet became what we think of today. Quicker and quicker connections and more and more productivity gains, a better quality of life, better telemetry into all aspects of our lives and with the miniaturization of devices to support wearables that even extends to our bodies. Yet still sitting on the same fundamental building blocks as before. The IANA functions to manage IP addressing has moved to the private sector as have many an onramp to the Internet. Especially as internet access has become more ubiquitous and we are entering into the era of 5g connectivity.  And it continues to evolve as we pivot due to new needs and threats a globally connected world represent. IPv6, various secure DNS options, options for spam and phishing, and dealing with the equality gaps  surfaced by our new online world. We have disinformation so sometimes we might wonder what's real and what isn't. After all, any old person can create a web site that looks legit and put whatever they want on it. Who's to say what reality is other than what we want it to be. This was pretty much what Morpheus was offering with his choices of pills in the Matrix. But underneath it all, there's history. And it's a history as complicated as unraveling the meaning of an increasingly digital world. And it is wonderful and frightening and lovely and dangerous and true and false and destroying the world and saving the world all at the same time.  This episode is pretty simplistic and many of the aspects we cover have entire episodes of the podcast dedicated to them. From the history of Amazon to Bob Taylor to AOL to the IETF to DNS and even Network Time Protocol. It's a story that leaves people out necessarily; otherwise scope creep would go all the way back to to include Volta and the constant electrical current humanity received with the battery. But hey, we also have an episode on that! And many an advance has plenty of books and scholarly works dedicated to it - all the way back to the first known computer (in the form of clockwork), the Antikythera Device out of Ancient Greece. Heck even Louis Gerschner deserves a mention for selling IBM's stake in all this to focus on things that kept the company going, not moonshots.  But I'd like to dedicate this episode to everyone not mentioned due to trying to tell a story of emergent networks. Just because they were growing fast and our modern infrastructure was becoming more and more deterministic doesn't mean that whether it was writing a text editor or helping fund or pushing paper or writing specs or selling network services or getting zapped while trying to figure out how to move current that there aren't so, so, so many people that are a part of this story. Each with their own story to be told. As we round the corner into the third season of the podcast we'll start having more guests. If you have a story and would like to join us use the email button on thehistoryofcomputing.net to drop us a line. We'd love to chat!

Minister of Tourism, Culture, Arts and Recreation, Steve Crocker, talks about the spin-offs.

Steve Crocker is the Senior Vice-President of U.S. Construction for WESCO.

Justice Minister Steve Crocker-Inquiry Into Ground Search & Rescue For Lost & Missing Persons In NL by VOCM

Steve Crocker is the Vice-President and General Manager of Industrial and Construction for WESCO's West Division.

Today we're going to look at what it really means to be a standard on the Internet and the IETF, the governing body that sets those standards.  When you open a web browser and visit a page on the Internet, there are rules that govern how that page is interpreted. When traffic sent from your computer over the Internet gets broken into packets and encapsulated, other brands of devices can interpret the traffic and react, provided that the device is compliant in how it handles the protocol being used. Those rules are set in what are known as RFCs. It's a wild concept. You write rules down and then everyone follows them. Well, in theory. It doesn't always work out that way but by and large the industry that sprang up around the Internet has been pretty good at following the guidelines defined in RFCs.  The Requests for Comments gives the Internet industry an opportunity to collaborate in a non-competitive environment. Us engineers often compete on engineering topics like what's more efficient or stable and so we're just as likely to disagree with people at your own organization as we are to disagree with people at another company. But if we can all meet and hash out our differences, we're able to get emerging or maturing technology standards defined in great detail, leaving as small a room for error in implementing the tech as possible. This standardization process can be lengthy and slows down innovation, but it ends up creating more innovation and adoption once processes and technologies become standardized.  The concept of standardizing advancements in technologies is nothing new. Alexander Graham Bell saw this when he started The American Institute of Electrical Engineers in 1884 to help standardize the new electrical inventions coming out of Bell labs and others. That would merge with the Institute of Radio Engineers in 1963 and now boasts half a million members spread throughout nearly every company in the world. And the International Organization for Standardization was founded in 1947. It was as a merger of sorts between the International Federation of the National Standardizing Associations, which had been founded in 1928 and the newly formed United Nations Standards Coordinating Committee. Based in Geneva, they've now set over 20,000 standards across a number of industries.   I'll over-simplify this next piece and revisit it in a dedicated episode. The Internet began life as a number of US government funded research projects inspired by JCR Licklider around 1962, out of ARPAs Information Processing Techniques Office, or IPTO. The packet switching network would evolve into ARPANET based on a number of projects he and his successor Bob Taylor at IPTO would fund straight out of the pentagon. It took a few years, but eventually they brought in Larry Roberts, and by late 1968 they'd awarded an RFQ to a company called Bolt Beranek and Newman (BBN) to build Interface Message Processors, or IMPs, to connect a number of sites and route traffic. The first one went online at UCLA in 1969 with additional sites coming on frequently over the next few years.    Given that UCLA was the first site to come online, Steve Crocker started organizing notes about protocols in what they called RFCs, or Request for Comments. That series of notes would then be managed by Jon Postel until his death 28 years later.    They were also funding a number of projects to build tools to enable the sharing of data, like file sharing and by 1971 we also had email. Bob Kahn was brought in, in 1972, and he would team up with Vinton Cerf from Stanford who came up with encapsulation and so they would define TCP/IP. By 1976, ARPA became DARPA and by 1982, TCP/IP became the standard for the US DOD and in 1983, ARPANET moved over to TCP/IP.  NSFNet would be launched by the National Science Foundation in 1986.   And so it was in 1986 when The Internet Engineering Task Force, or IETF, was formed to do something similar to what the IEEE and ISO had done before them. By now, the inventors, coders, engineers, computer scientists, and thinkers had seen other standards organizations - they were able to take much of what worked and what didn't, and they were able to start defining standards.    They wanted an open architecture. The first meeting was attended by 21 researchers who were all funded by the US government. By the fourth meeting later that year they were inviting people from outside the hollowed halls of the research community. And it grew, with 4 meetings a year that continue on to today, open to anyone.   Because of the rigor practiced by Postel and early Internet pioneers, you can still read those notes from the working groups and RFCs from the 60s, 70s, and on. The RFCs were funded by DARPA grants until 1998 and then moved to the Internet Society, who runs the IETF and the RFCs are discussed and sometimes ratified at those IETF meetings. You can dig into those RFCs and find the origins and specs for NTP, SMTP, POP, IMAP, TCP/IP, DNS, BGP, CardDAV and pretty much anything you can think of that's become an Internet Standard. A lot of companies claim to the “the” standard in something. And if they wrote the RFC, I might agree with them.    At those first dozen IETF meetings, we got up to about 120 people showing up. It grew with the advancements in routing, application protocols, other networks, file standards, peaking in Y2K with  2,810 attendees. Now, it averages around 1,200. It's also now split into a number of working groups with steering committees, While the IETF was initially funded by the US government, it's now funded by the Public Interest Registry, or PIR, which was sold to Ethos Capital in November of 2019.    Here's the thing about the Internet Society and the IETF. They're mostly researchers. They have stayed true to the mission since they took over from Pentagon, a de-centralized Internet. The IETF is full of super-smart people who are always trying to be independent and non-partisan. That independence and non-partisanship is the true Internet, the reason that we can type www.google.com and have a page load, and work, no matter the browser. The reason mail can flow if you know an email address. The reason the Internet continues to grow and prosper and for better or worse, take over our lives. The RFCs they maintain, the standards they set, and everything else they do is not easy work. They iterate and often don't get credit individually for their work other than a first initial and a last name as the authors of papers.  And so thank you to the IETF and the men and women who put themselves out there through the lens of the standards they write. Without you, none of this would work nearly as well as it all does. And thank you, listeners, for tuning in for this episode of the History of Computing Podcast. We are so lucky to have you.

The RFC series has been one of the leading forces in establishing standards-based interoperability in networking. Steve Crocker joins Network Collective to talk about his role in the RFC series and how it came to be what it is today. Steve Crocker Guest Russ White Host Donald Sharp Host Outro Music: Danger Storm Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ The post History Of Networking – Steve Crocker – The RFC Series appeared first on Network Collective.

Dr. Steve Crocker was there for the birth of the Internet. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, he was part of the group that developed the protocols for the ARPANET. That was the foundation for today's Internet. It was originally designed to share data and scientific research; however, it quickly morphed into a system used by millions of people for both productive and nefarious reasons. He helped formulate the Network Working Group, the forerunner of the modern Internet Engineering Task Force. He also helped initiate the Requests for Comment (RFC) through which protocol designs are shared and changes made to systems for upgrades. Dr. Crocker still remains optimistic about the thousands of positive uses of the Internet. He doesn’t think that we have even come close to maximizing the use of the Internet. However, he also cautions that security breaches remain a problem the need to be addressed with some urgency. He, most recently, has been the CEO and co-founder of Shinkuro, Inc., a start-up company focused on dynamic sharing of information across the Internet and the deployment of improved security protocols. Dr. Crocker also is extremely optimistic about the uses of Artificial Intelligence to enhance our way of living – especially in medical fields. He, however, does not want us to turn our lives over to being totally dominated by algorithms of someone else. For his lifetime work, Dr. Crocker has been admitted to the Internet Hall of Fame.

Join us by listening to this podcast as we share different aspects of race relations. WBRC Fox 6 Steve Crocker as our facilitator, we are...

Join us for a conversation with Steve Crocker and Vinton Cerf, two of the Internet's founding fathers. Crocker established protocols necessary for the workings of the Internet, and Cerf, a computer scientist, was instrumental in the development of the first commercial email system. They will discuss how the Internet changed the way we communicate.

Steve Crocker was there at the very beginning. He wrote the seminal RFC (request for comment) which is still in use today. He is a board member of ICANN and also CEO of a startup, Shinkuro (a file sharing service). Here, he speaks about the state of the Internet, ICANN and about his startup. Meet the quintessential geek! This interview was made while at the Netexplorateur Forum 2011, where Steve gave a keynote speech.Meanwhile, you can comment and find the show notes on minterdial.com. If you liked the podcast, please take a moment of your precious time to go over to iTunes to rate the podcast. Otherwise, you can find me @mdial on Twitter. Support the show (https://www.patreon.com/minterdial)