Podcasts about john wallis

Brent and James explore the nuances of mitigating losses below the deductible in their podcast, highlighting common mistakes that can end up costing stratas unnecessary money, with industry expert John Wallis of Phoenix Restoration.   ________________________________   Over 1.5 million people live in strata housing in the Province of British Columbia. Let's face it, you'd rather watch reruns of the nightly news than read the Strata Property Act (And we can't blame you) Still, most people are at a loss when it comes to understanding such an important framework for how many of us live our lives in proximity with one another.

We give consent to those who govern us, but after that, they can kinda just do whatever they want except kill us. At least, according to the 17th century political theorist Thomas Hobbes! In this episode, we break down all of Hobbes' political theories, particularly how his nominalism relates to politics, the role of the sovereign, the state of human nature, and whether he ever answers the question of what one can do against a wicked ruler. We also look at a bad review of our content claiming that we are faux mouthpieces of right wing propaganda, which is clearly untrue, as we really are mouthpieces of right wing propaganda! There's nothing faux about us! We also begin a new t-shirt giveaway for Seasons 3 and 4, so listen to the end of the episode or follow us on Twitter @UlmtdOpinions for more information!

England's earliest chair of mathematics was that of Gresham College, founded in 1597, but who came next? The earliest University-based mathematics professorship was Oxford's Savilian Chair of Geometry, founded in 1619. This illustrated lecture outlines the 400-year history of this Chair, from its beginnings to the present day, and features such figures as Henry Briggs, John Wallis, Edmond Halley, James Joseph Sylvester and G. H. Hardy.A lecture by Robin WilsonThe transcript and downloadable versions of the lecture are available from the Gresham College website:https://www.gresham.ac.uk/watch-now/savilian-professorsGresham College has been giving free public lectures since 1597. This tradition continues today with all of our five or so public lectures a week being made available for free download from our website. There are currently over 2,000 lectures free to access or download from the website.Website: http://www.gresham.ac.ukTwitter: http://twitter.com/GreshamCollegeFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/greshamcollegeInstagram: http://www.instagram.com/greshamcollege

"Hello again Word Lovers!" on this outing we are going to step out of the history of words and take a look at the symbols of mathematics! ( The round brackets) Apparently invented by Erasmus, replacing the more square shaped example used until then = Equals Invented by Robert Recorde in 1557. The Welsh physician and mathematician is also credited with introducing the pre existing + sign to English speakers in the same year. His life is one of meteoric rise and stunning decline. Being appointed royal physician and then controller of the Royal Mint before then being sued for defamation and dying in debtors prison. @ - The at symbol is far older than anyone could imagine, being noted in texts as early as 1536. π - The Pie symbol, from the Greek letter π was first devised by another Welshman, mathematician William Jones in 1706, although he wrote that his equations came from the "ready pen of the truly ingenious Mr. John Machin" leading to speculation that he may have put it to use before Jones. The idea was not immediately adopted by others, who continued to use fractions to represent the figure beyond 1760. + & - were put to use in the late 15th century by German mathematicians. Prior to their implementation, P or M or PP and MM were used. X for multiplication was originally a simply dot or point. The x can be traced to English mathematician William Oughtred in 1618 although there are examples of earlier use but they are hotly debated in symbol etymology chasing circles. ∞ for infinity was first used by John Wallis, English mathematician, in the mid 1650s. Leonhard Euler, the Swiss mathematician was rather prolific in the line of symbol invention but there is some dispute about his complete list. We investigated the numbers 1 to 10 in episode 10 "Pie Again" but the number zero was not covered. It is, without surprise, a complicated story. It seems the earliest use of the symbol can be traced to 220AD. The word zero, first used around 1598, comes to English from French, which in turn is believed to have emerged from Venice (We recently covered a series of words that came from Venice in episode 18) via Arabic. Zero - Zafiro - Safir or Sifr (Cipher) meaning empty. The Arabic word was itself a translation of a Sanskrit word. Going from zero and emptiness to "nothing" is a little Charly bonus to listen out for at the end of this episode. As well as being the host of our Interesting Etymologies series, Charly Taylor is a stand up comedian and author. His latest offering is available now: SkipDeLirio's Worst Ever Gig : A novel by Charly Taylor Caesar's army has returned from the long campaign in Gaul and the enemy has been all but defeated. Some of Pompey's army, however, remains in Africa. Together with straggling Roman rebels and the local king Juba, they are gathering forces to prepare one last attack on what is now Caesar's Rome. But there is one problem – a descendant of Scipio Africanus is fighting on the side of the Africans. And without a Scipio of their own, the superstitious Romans refuse to go to Africa to fight. So Caesar sends out soldiers to find himself a Scipio. Luckily, there is a man of such name right there in Rome – a local drunkard and tavern entertainer distantly descended from the legendary warrior. Kidnapped solely on account of his ‘heritage', the lowly clown is forced to lead out the troops in the battle of Thapsus. There, ‘history' tells us, Scipio ‘disappears from the historical record'. Until now. This is the story of how ‘Nobody' Skip DeLirio, with the cards finally all dealt in his favour, still managed to fuck it up. History will only take you so far. The rest is make-believe. Order your copy here: https://www.austinmacauley.com/book/skip-delirios-worst-ever-gig

El 16 de mayo de 2017 tuvo lugar en la Fundación Rafael del Pino la conferencia de John Wallis sobre “Las esencias del comportamiento económico en el largo plazo”. Wallis, catedrático de Economía de la Universidad de Maryland, explicó que lo que produce el crecimiento económico a largo plazo es, sobre todo, la reducción de la frecuencia y la intensidad de las recesiones. Esto se debe a los cambios institucionales que tienen lugar a lo largo del tiempo. Según los análisis históricos llevados a cabo al respecto, las tasas de crecimiento a corto plazo y la frecuencia y la intensidad de las recesiones han sido elevadas durante la mayor parte de la historia. En los países en desarrollo siguen siendo altas y muy variables. Entonces, ¿por qué se producen las mejoras en el crecimiento a largo plazo? Pues porque la frecuencia y la intensidad de las recesiones han disminuido. De hecho, la tasa de crecimiento a corto plazo ha tendido a reducirse a lo largo del tiempo, más que a aumentar, cuando ha mejorado el crecimiento a largo plazo. En consecuencia, la forma en la que los países se enriquecen es con crecimientos bajos pero sostenidos. Esto explica porque los países ricos son cada vez más ricos, ya que en los países pobres las crisis se producen con mayor frecuencia y son más intensas. Adam Smith nos enseñó que el crecimiento económico a largo plazo depende de la amplitud de los mercados, de la especialización productiva y de la división del trabajo, como explicó con su conocido ejemplo de la fábrica de alfileres. En este mundo, también pueden contribuir al crecimiento económico el desarrollo tecnológico, la transición demográfica, los cambios estructurales en las economías y las guerras. Aun así, ello no basta por sí mismo para superar la trampa maltusiana sin que se produzca una intervención que lo haga posible. Esto se debe a que la sociedad smithsoniana es una sociedad que se basa en las relaciones interpersonales, en el conocimiento del otro y, por tanto, en la confianza. En esta sociedad, las élites disfrutan de privilegios y detentan un poder que usan, por lo general, para defender dichos privilegios. En este sentido, las élites se encuentran menos dispuestas a respetar los contratos porque solo pueden obligarlas a hacerlo efectivamente capas superiores a ellas en la sociedad. Son relaciones de arriba hacia abajo en las que cuanto más alto se encuentra uno, más difícil es que tenga a alguien por encima que le obligue a satisfacer la palabra dada. Este tipo de sociedades son más propensas a que se produzcan crisis más amplias y más frecuentes, ya que el incumplimiento de los contratos puede desencadenar situaciones de ruptura dentro de las élites mismas que impidan las relaciones comerciales entre los miembros de la élite. Con los estratos inferiores de la sociedad esas relaciones no existirán puesto que carecen de capacidad de imponer la satisfacción de los contratos y, por tanto, se abstendrán de relacionarse económicamente con niveles sociales más elevados a los suyos. Las sociedades modernas, en cambio, se adaptan mejor a las situaciones de crisis porque las relaciones son impersonales y, por ello, tienen lugar entre todos los niveles de la sociedad, Con ello, se elimina la posibilidad de una ruptura de las élites que lleve a una crisis a todos como consecuencia de los cambios y las incertidumbres que afectan a esas élites. Aquí las élites ya no pueden usar las leyes en su favor, con lo que se ven obligadas a satisfacer los contratos suscritos. Las rupturas no se producen y, de esta forma, disminuyen la cuantía y la intensidad de las crisis.

El 16 de mayo de 2017 tuvo lugar en la Fundación Rafael del Pino la conferencia de John Wallis sobre “Las esencias del comportamiento económico en el largo plazo”. Wallis, catedrático de Economía de la Universidad de Maryland, explicó que lo que produce el crecimiento económico a largo plazo es, sobre todo, la reducción de la frecuencia y la intensidad de las recesiones. Esto se debe a los cambios institucionales que tienen lugar a lo largo del tiempo. Según los análisis históricos llevados a cabo al respecto, las tasas de crecimiento a corto plazo y la frecuencia y la intensidad de las recesiones han sido elevadas durante la mayor parte de la historia. En los países en desarrollo siguen siendo altas y muy variables. Entonces, ¿por qué se producen las mejoras en el crecimiento a largo plazo? Pues porque la frecuencia y la intensidad de las recesiones han disminuido. De hecho, la tasa de crecimiento a corto plazo ha tendido a reducirse a lo largo del tiempo, más que a aumentar, cuando ha mejorado el crecimiento a largo plazo. En consecuencia, la forma en la que los países se enriquecen es con crecimientos bajos pero sostenidos. Esto explica porque los países ricos son cada vez más ricos, ya que en los países pobres las crisis se producen con mayor frecuencia y son más intensas. Adam Smith nos enseñó que el crecimiento económico a largo plazo depende de la amplitud de los mercados, de la especialización productiva y de la división del trabajo, como explicó con su conocido ejemplo de la fábrica de alfileres. En este mundo, también pueden contribuir al crecimiento económico el desarrollo tecnológico, la transición demográfica, los cambios estructurales en las economías y las guerras. Aun así, ello no basta por sí mismo para superar la trampa maltusiana sin que se produzca una intervención que lo haga posible. Esto se debe a que la sociedad smithsoniana es una sociedad que se basa en las relaciones interpersonales, en el conocimiento del otro y, por tanto, en la confianza. En esta sociedad, las élites disfrutan de privilegios y detentan un poder que usan, por lo general, para defender dichos privilegios. En este sentido, las élites se encuentran menos dispuestas a respetar los contratos porque solo pueden obligarlas a hacerlo efectivamente capas superiores a ellas en la sociedad. Son relaciones de arriba hacia abajo en las que cuanto más alto se encuentra uno, más difícil es que tenga a alguien por encima que le obligue a satisfacer la palabra dada. Este tipo de sociedades son más propensas a que se produzcan crisis más amplias y más frecuentes, ya que el incumplimiento de los contratos puede desencadenar situaciones de ruptura dentro de las élites mismas que impidan las relaciones comerciales entre los miembros de la élite. Con los estratos inferiores de la sociedad esas relaciones no existirán puesto que carecen de capacidad de imponer la satisfacción de los contratos y, por tanto, se abstendrán de relacionarse económicamente con niveles sociales más elevados a los suyos. Las sociedades modernas, en cambio, se adaptan mejor a las situaciones de crisis porque las relaciones son impersonales y, por ello, tienen lugar entre todos los niveles de la sociedad, Con ello, se elimina la posibilidad de una ruptura de las élites que lleve a una crisis a todos como consecuencia de los cambios y las incertidumbres que afectan a esas élites. Aquí las élites ya no pueden usar las leyes en su favor, con lo que se ven obligadas a satisfacer los contratos suscritos. Las rupturas no se producen y, de esta forma, disminuyen la cuantía y la intensidad de las crisis.

Forms, Formats and the Circulation of Knowledge: British Printscape’s Innovations, 1688-1832 (Brill, 2020) explores the printscape – the mental mapping of knowledge in all its printed shapes – to chart the British networks of publishers, printers, copyright-holders, readers and authors. This transdisciplinary volume skilfully recovers innovations and practices in the book trade between 1688 and 1832. It investigates how print circulated information in a multitude of sizes and media, through an evolving framework of transactions. The authority of print is demonstrated by studies of prospectuses, blank forms, periodicals, pamphlets, globes, games and ephemera, uniquely gathered in eleven essays engaging in legal, economic, literary, and historical methodologies. The tight focus on material format reappraises a disorderly market accommodating a widening audience consumption. Louisiane Ferlier, Ph.D. (2012, Université Paris Diderot), is the Digital Resources Manager at Centre for the History of Science at the Royal Society. She has published articles on John Wallis, the Bodleian Library and cross-Atlantic circulation of books. Bénédicte Miyamoto, Ph.D. (2011, Université Paris Diderot), is Associate Professor of British History at Université Sorbonne Nouvelle – Paris 3. She has published on eighteenth-century drawing manuals, sales catalogues and art markets. Alexandra Ortolja-Baird is Lecturer in Early Modern European History at King’s College London. She tweets at @timetravelallie. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Forms, Formats and the Circulation of Knowledge: British Printscape's Innovations, 1688-1832 (Brill, 2020) explores the printscape – the mental mapping of knowledge in all its printed shapes – to chart the British networks of publishers, printers, copyright-holders, readers and authors. This transdisciplinary volume skilfully recovers innovations and practices in the book trade between 1688 and 1832. It investigates how print circulated information in a multitude of sizes and media, through an evolving framework of transactions. The authority of print is demonstrated by studies of prospectuses, blank forms, periodicals, pamphlets, globes, games and ephemera, uniquely gathered in eleven essays engaging in legal, economic, literary, and historical methodologies. The tight focus on material format reappraises a disorderly market accommodating a widening audience consumption. Louisiane Ferlier, Ph.D. (2012, Université Paris Diderot), is the Digital Resources Manager at Centre for the History of Science at the Royal Society. She has published articles on John Wallis, the Bodleian Library and cross-Atlantic circulation of books. Bénédicte Miyamoto, Ph.D. (2011, Université Paris Diderot), is Associate Professor of British History at Université Sorbonne Nouvelle – Paris 3. She has published on eighteenth-century drawing manuals, sales catalogues and art markets. Alexandra Ortolja-Baird is Lecturer in Early Modern European History at King's College London. She tweets at @timetravelallie. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Forms, Formats and the Circulation of Knowledge: British Printscape's Innovations, 1688-1832 (Brill, 2020) explores the printscape – the mental mapping of knowledge in all its printed shapes – to chart the British networks of publishers, printers, copyright-holders, readers and authors. This transdisciplinary volume skilfully recovers innovations and practices in the book trade between 1688 and 1832. It investigates how print circulated information in a multitude of sizes and media, through an evolving framework of transactions. The authority of print is demonstrated by studies of prospectuses, blank forms, periodicals, pamphlets, globes, games and ephemera, uniquely gathered in eleven essays engaging in legal, economic, literary, and historical methodologies. The tight focus on material format reappraises a disorderly market accommodating a widening audience consumption. Louisiane Ferlier, Ph.D. (2012, Université Paris Diderot), is the Digital Resources Manager at Centre for the History of Science at the Royal Society. She has published articles on John Wallis, the Bodleian Library and cross-Atlantic circulation of books. Bénédicte Miyamoto, Ph.D. (2011, Université Paris Diderot), is Associate Professor of British History at Université Sorbonne Nouvelle – Paris 3. She has published on eighteenth-century drawing manuals, sales catalogues and art markets. Alexandra Ortolja-Baird is Lecturer in Early Modern European History at King's College London. She tweets at @timetravelallie. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Forms, Formats and the Circulation of Knowledge: British Printscape's Innovations, 1688-1832 (Brill, 2020) explores the printscape – the mental mapping of knowledge in all its printed shapes – to chart the British networks of publishers, printers, copyright-holders, readers and authors. This transdisciplinary volume skilfully recovers innovations and practices in the book trade between 1688 and 1832. It investigates how print circulated information in a multitude of sizes and media, through an evolving framework of transactions. The authority of print is demonstrated by studies of prospectuses, blank forms, periodicals, pamphlets, globes, games and ephemera, uniquely gathered in eleven essays engaging in legal, economic, literary, and historical methodologies. The tight focus on material format reappraises a disorderly market accommodating a widening audience consumption. Louisiane Ferlier, Ph.D. (2012, Université Paris Diderot), is the Digital Resources Manager at Centre for the History of Science at the Royal Society. She has published articles on John Wallis, the Bodleian Library and cross-Atlantic circulation of books. Bénédicte Miyamoto, Ph.D. (2011, Université Paris Diderot), is Associate Professor of British History at Université Sorbonne Nouvelle – Paris 3. She has published on eighteenth-century drawing manuals, sales catalogues and art markets. Alexandra Ortolja-Baird is Lecturer in Early Modern European History at King's College London. She tweets at @timetravelallie.

Forms, Formats and the Circulation of Knowledge: British Printscape’s Innovations, 1688-1832 (Brill, 2020) explores the printscape – the mental mapping of knowledge in all its printed shapes – to chart the British networks of publishers, printers, copyright-holders, readers and authors. This transdisciplinary volume skilfully recovers innovations and practices in the book trade between 1688 and 1832. It investigates how print circulated information in a multitude of sizes and media, through an evolving framework of transactions. The authority of print is demonstrated by studies of prospectuses, blank forms, periodicals, pamphlets, globes, games and ephemera, uniquely gathered in eleven essays engaging in legal, economic, literary, and historical methodologies. The tight focus on material format reappraises a disorderly market accommodating a widening audience consumption. Louisiane Ferlier, Ph.D. (2012, Université Paris Diderot), is the Digital Resources Manager at Centre for the History of Science at the Royal Society. She has published articles on John Wallis, the Bodleian Library and cross-Atlantic circulation of books. Bénédicte Miyamoto, Ph.D. (2011, Université Paris Diderot), is Associate Professor of British History at Université Sorbonne Nouvelle – Paris 3. She has published on eighteenth-century drawing manuals, sales catalogues and art markets. Alexandra Ortolja-Baird is Lecturer in Early Modern European History at King’s College London. She tweets at @timetravelallie. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm

Forms, Formats and the Circulation of Knowledge: British Printscape’s Innovations, 1688-1832 (Brill, 2020) explores the printscape – the mental mapping of knowledge in all its printed shapes – to chart the British networks of publishers, printers, copyright-holders, readers and authors. This transdisciplinary volume skilfully recovers innovations and practices in the book trade between 1688 and 1832. It investigates how print circulated information in a multitude of sizes and media, through an evolving framework of transactions. The authority of print is demonstrated by studies of prospectuses, blank forms, periodicals, pamphlets, globes, games and ephemera, uniquely gathered in eleven essays engaging in legal, economic, literary, and historical methodologies. The tight focus on material format reappraises a disorderly market accommodating a widening audience consumption. Louisiane Ferlier, Ph.D. (2012, Université Paris Diderot), is the Digital Resources Manager at Centre for the History of Science at the Royal Society. She has published articles on John Wallis, the Bodleian Library and cross-Atlantic circulation of books. Bénédicte Miyamoto, Ph.D. (2011, Université Paris Diderot), is Associate Professor of British History at Université Sorbonne Nouvelle – Paris 3. She has published on eighteenth-century drawing manuals, sales catalogues and art markets. Alexandra Ortolja-Baird is Lecturer in Early Modern European History at King’s College London. She tweets at @timetravelallie. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm

Forms, Formats and the Circulation of Knowledge: British Printscape’s Innovations, 1688-1832 (Brill, 2020) explores the printscape – the mental mapping of knowledge in all its printed shapes – to chart the British networks of publishers, printers, copyright-holders, readers and authors. This transdisciplinary volume skilfully recovers innovations and practices in the book trade between 1688 and 1832. It investigates how print circulated information in a multitude of sizes and media, through an evolving framework of transactions. The authority of print is demonstrated by studies of prospectuses, blank forms, periodicals, pamphlets, globes, games and ephemera, uniquely gathered in eleven essays engaging in legal, economic, literary, and historical methodologies. The tight focus on material format reappraises a disorderly market accommodating a widening audience consumption. Louisiane Ferlier, Ph.D. (2012, Université Paris Diderot), is the Digital Resources Manager at Centre for the History of Science at the Royal Society. She has published articles on John Wallis, the Bodleian Library and cross-Atlantic circulation of books. Bénédicte Miyamoto, Ph.D. (2011, Université Paris Diderot), is Associate Professor of British History at Université Sorbonne Nouvelle – Paris 3. She has published on eighteenth-century drawing manuals, sales catalogues and art markets. Alexandra Ortolja-Baird is Lecturer in Early Modern European History at King’s College London. She tweets at @timetravelallie. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm

Forms, Formats and the Circulation of Knowledge: British Printscape’s Innovations, 1688-1832 (Brill, 2020) explores the printscape – the mental mapping of knowledge in all its printed shapes – to chart the British networks of publishers, printers, copyright-holders, readers and authors. This transdisciplinary volume skilfully recovers innovations and practices in the book trade between 1688 and 1832. It investigates how print circulated information in a multitude of sizes and media, through an evolving framework of transactions. The authority of print is demonstrated by studies of prospectuses, blank forms, periodicals, pamphlets, globes, games and ephemera, uniquely gathered in eleven essays engaging in legal, economic, literary, and historical methodologies. The tight focus on material format reappraises a disorderly market accommodating a widening audience consumption. Louisiane Ferlier, Ph.D. (2012, Université Paris Diderot), is the Digital Resources Manager at Centre for the History of Science at the Royal Society. She has published articles on John Wallis, the Bodleian Library and cross-Atlantic circulation of books. Bénédicte Miyamoto, Ph.D. (2011, Université Paris Diderot), is Associate Professor of British History at Université Sorbonne Nouvelle – Paris 3. She has published on eighteenth-century drawing manuals, sales catalogues and art markets. Alexandra Ortolja-Baird is Lecturer in Early Modern European History at King’s College London. She tweets at @timetravelallie. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Forms, Formats and the Circulation of Knowledge: British Printscape’s Innovations, 1688-1832 (Brill, 2020) explores the printscape – the mental mapping of knowledge in all its printed shapes – to chart the British networks of publishers, printers, copyright-holders, readers and authors. This transdisciplinary volume skilfully recovers innovations and practices in the book trade between 1688 and 1832. It investigates how print circulated information in a multitude of sizes and media, through an evolving framework of transactions. The authority of print is demonstrated by studies of prospectuses, blank forms, periodicals, pamphlets, globes, games and ephemera, uniquely gathered in eleven essays engaging in legal, economic, literary, and historical methodologies. The tight focus on material format reappraises a disorderly market accommodating a widening audience consumption. Louisiane Ferlier, Ph.D. (2012, Université Paris Diderot), is the Digital Resources Manager at Centre for the History of Science at the Royal Society. She has published articles on John Wallis, the Bodleian Library and cross-Atlantic circulation of books. Bénédicte Miyamoto, Ph.D. (2011, Université Paris Diderot), is Associate Professor of British History at Université Sorbonne Nouvelle – Paris 3. She has published on eighteenth-century drawing manuals, sales catalogues and art markets. Alexandra Ortolja-Baird is Lecturer in Early Modern European History at King’s College London. She tweets at @timetravelallie. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm

Forms, Formats and the Circulation of Knowledge: British Printscape’s Innovations, 1688-1832 (Brill, 2020) explores the printscape – the mental mapping of knowledge in all its printed shapes – to chart the British networks of publishers, printers, copyright-holders, readers and authors. This transdisciplinary volume skilfully recovers innovations and practices in the book trade between 1688 and 1832. It investigates how print circulated information in a multitude of sizes and media, through an evolving framework of transactions. The authority of print is demonstrated by studies of prospectuses, blank forms, periodicals, pamphlets, globes, games and ephemera, uniquely gathered in eleven essays engaging in legal, economic, literary, and historical methodologies. The tight focus on material format reappraises a disorderly market accommodating a widening audience consumption. Louisiane Ferlier, Ph.D. (2012, Université Paris Diderot), is the Digital Resources Manager at Centre for the History of Science at the Royal Society. She has published articles on John Wallis, the Bodleian Library and cross-Atlantic circulation of books. Bénédicte Miyamoto, Ph.D. (2011, Université Paris Diderot), is Associate Professor of British History at Université Sorbonne Nouvelle – Paris 3. She has published on eighteenth-century drawing manuals, sales catalogues and art markets. Alexandra Ortolja-Baird is Lecturer in Early Modern European History at King’s College London. She tweets at @timetravelallie. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Forms, Formats and the Circulation of Knowledge: British Printscape’s Innovations, 1688-1832 (Brill, 2020) explores the printscape – the mental mapping of knowledge in all its printed shapes – to chart the British networks of publishers, printers, copyright-holders, readers and authors. This transdisciplinary volume skilfully recovers innovations and practices in the book trade between 1688 and 1832. It investigates how print circulated information in a multitude of sizes and media, through an evolving framework of transactions. The authority of print is demonstrated by studies of prospectuses, blank forms, periodicals, pamphlets, globes, games and ephemera, uniquely gathered in eleven essays engaging in legal, economic, literary, and historical methodologies. The tight focus on material format reappraises a disorderly market accommodating a widening audience consumption. Louisiane Ferlier, Ph.D. (2012, Université Paris Diderot), is the Digital Resources Manager at Centre for the History of Science at the Royal Society. She has published articles on John Wallis, the Bodleian Library and cross-Atlantic circulation of books. Bénédicte Miyamoto, Ph.D. (2011, Université Paris Diderot), is Associate Professor of British History at Université Sorbonne Nouvelle – Paris 3. She has published on eighteenth-century drawing manuals, sales catalogues and art markets. Alexandra Ortolja-Baird is Lecturer in Early Modern European History at King’s College London. She tweets at @timetravelallie. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Following the Renaissance, Europe had an explosion of science. The works of the Greeks had been lost during the Dark Ages while civilizations caught up to the technical progress. Or so we were taught in school. Previously, we looked at the contributions during the Golden Age of the Islamic Empires and the Renaissance when that science returned to Europe following the Holy Wars. The great thinkers from the Renaissance pushed boundaries and opened minds. But the revolution coming after them would change the very way we thought of the world. It was a revolution based in science and empirical thought, lasting from the middle of the 1500s to late in the 1600s.  There are three main aspects I'd like to focus on in terms of taking all the knowledge of the world from that point and preparing it to give humans enlightenment, what we call the age after the Scientific Revolution. These are new ways of reasoning and thinking, specialization, and rigor. Let's start with rigor. My cat jumps on the stove and burns herself. She doesn't do it again. My dog gets too playful with the cat and gets smacked. Both then avoid doing those things in the future. Early humans learn that we can forage certain plants and then realize we can take those plants to another place and have them grow. And then we realize they grow best when planted at certain times of the year. And watching the stars can provide guidance on when to do so. This evolved over generations of trial and error.  Yet we believed those stars revolved around the earth for much of our existence. Even after designing orreries and mapping the heavens, we still hung on to this belief until Copernicus. His 1543 work “On The Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres” marks the beginning of the Scientific Revolution. Here, he almost heretically claimed that the stars in fact revolved around the sun, as did the Earth.  This wasn't exactly new. Aristarchus had theorized this heliocentric model in Ancient Greece. Ptolemy had disagreed in Almagest, where he provided tables to compute location and dates using the stars. Tables that had taken rigor to produce. And that Ptolemaic system came to be taken for granted. It worked fine.  The difference was, Copernicus had newer technology. He had newer optics, thousands more years of recorded data (some of which was contributed by philosophers during the golden age of Islamic science), the texts of ancient astronomers, and newer ecliptical tables and techniques with which to derive them.  Copernicus didn't accept what he was taught but instead looked to prove or disprove it with mathematical rigor. The printing press came along in 1440 and 100 years later, Luther was lambasting the church, Columbus discovered the New World, and the printing press helped disseminate information in a way that was less controllable by governments and religious institutions who at times felt threatened by that information. For example, Outlines of Pyrrhonism from first century Sextus Empiricus was printed in 1562, adding skepticism to the growing European thought. In other words, human computers were becoming more sentient and needed more input.  We couldn't trust what the ancients were passing down and the doctrine of the church was outdated. Others began to ask questions.  Johannes Keppler published Mysterium Cosmographicum in 1596, in defense of Copernicus. He would go on to study math, such as the relationship between math and music, and the relationship between math and the weather. And in 1604 published Astronomiae Pars Optica, where he proposed a new method to measure eclipses of the moon. He would become the imperial mathematician to Emperor Rudolf II, where he could work with other court scholars. He worked on optical theory and wrote Astronomiae Pars Optica, or The Optical Part of Astronomy. He published numerous other works that pushed astronomy, optics, and math forward. His Epitome of Copernican Astronomy would go further than Copernicus, assigning ellipses to the movements of celestial bodies and while it didn't catch on immediately, his inductive reasoning and the rigor that followed, was enough to have him conversing with Galileo.  Galileo furthered the work of Copernicus and Kepler. He picked up a telescope in 1609 and in his lifetime saw magnification go from 3 to 30 times. This allowed him to map Jupiter's moons, proving the orbits of other celestial bodies. He identified sunspots. He observed the strength of motions and developed formulas for inertia and parabolic trajectories.  We were moving from deductive reasoning, or starting our scientific inquiry with a theory - to inductive reasoning, or creating theories based on observation. Galileos observations expanded our knowledge of Venus, the moon, and the tides. He helped to transform how we thought, despite ending up in an Inquisition over his findings. The growing quantity and types of systematic experimentation represented a shift in values. Emiricism, observing evidence for yourself, and the review of peers - whether they disagreed or not. These methods were being taught in growing schools but also in salons and coffee houses and, as was done in Athens, in paid lectures. Sir Francis Bacon argued about only basing scientific knowledge on inductive reasoning. We now call this the Baconian Method, which he wrote about in 1620 when he published his book, New method, or Novum Organum in latin. This was the formalization of eliminative induction. He was building on if not replacing the inductive-deductive method  in Aristotle's Organon. Bacon was the Attorney General of England and actually wrote Novum while sitting as the Lord Chancellor of England, who presides over the House of Lords and also is the highest judge, or was before Tony Blair.  Bacon's method built on ancient works from not only Aristotle but also Al-Biruni, al-Haytham, and many others. And has influenced generations of scientists, like John Locke.  René Descartes helped lay the further framework for rationalism, coining the term “I think therefore I am.” He became by many accounts the father of modern Western Philosophy and asked what can we be certain of, or what is true? This helped him rethink various works and develop Cartesian geometry. Yup, he was the one who developed standard notation in 1637, a thought process that would go on to impact many other great thinkers for generations - especially with the development of calculus. As with many other great natural scientists or natural philosophers of the age, he also wrote on the theory of music, anatomy, and some of his works could be considered a protopsychology.  Another method that developed in the era was empiricism, which John Locke proposed in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding in 1689. George Berkeley, Thomas Hobbes, and David Hume would join that movement and develop a new basis for human knowledge in that empirical tradition that the only true knowledge accessible to our minds was that based on experience. Optics and simple machines had been studied and known of since antiquity. But tools that deepened the understating of sciences began to emerge during this time. We got the steam digester, new forms of telescopes, vacuum pumps, the mercury barometer. And, most importantly for this body of work - we got the mechanical calculator.  Robert Boyle was influenced by Galileo, Bacon, and others. He gave us Boyle's Law, explaining how the pressure of gas increases as the volume of a contain holding the gas decreases. He built air pumps. He investigated how freezing water expands, he experimented with crystals. He experimented with magnetism, early forms of electricity. He published the Skeptical Chymist in 1660 and another couple of dozen books. Before him, we had alchemy and after him, we had chemistry. One of his students was Robert Hooke. Hooke. Hooke defined the law of elasticity, He experimented with everything. He made music tones from brass cogs that had teeth cut in specific proportions. This is storing data on a disk, in a way. Hooke coined the term cell. He studied gravitation in Micrographia, published in 1665.  And Hooke argued, conversed, and exchanged letters at great length with Sir Isaac Newton, one of the greatest scientific minds of all time. He gave the first theory on the speed of sound, Newtonian mechanics, the binomials series. He also gave us Newton's Rules for Science which are as follows: We are to admit no more causes of natural things than such as are both true and sufficient to explain their appearances. Therefore to the same natural effects we must, as far as possible, assign the same causes. The qualities of bodies, which admit neither intension nor remission of degrees, and which are found to belong to all bodies within the reach of our experiments, are to be esteemed the universal qualities of all bodies whatsoever. In experimental philosophy we are to look upon propositions collected by general induction from phenomena as accurately or very nearly true, notwithstanding any contrary hypotheses that may be imagined, until such time as other phenomena occur, by which they may either be made more accurate, or liable to exceptions These appeared in Principia, which gave us the laws of motion and a mathematical description of gravity leading to universal gravitation. Newton never did find the secret to the Philosopher's Stone while working on it, although he did become the Master of the Royal Mint at a pivotal time of recoining, and so who knows. But he developed the first reflecting telescope and made observations about prisms that led to his book Optics in 1704. And ever since he and Leibniz developed calculus, high school and college students alike have despised him.  Leibniz also did a lot of work on calculus but was a great philosopher as well. His work on logic  All our ideas are compounded from a very small number of simple ideas, which form the alphabet of human thought. Complex ideas proceed from these simple ideas by a uniform and symmetrical combination, analogous to arithmetical multiplication. This would ultimately lead to the algebra of concepts and after a century and a half of great mathematicians and logicians would result in Boolean algebra, the zero and one foundations of computing, once Claude Shannon gave us information theory a century after that.  Blaise Pascal was another of these philosopher mathematician physicists who also happened to dabble in inventing. I saved him for last because he didn't just do work on probability theory, do important early work on vacuums, give us Pascal's Triangle for binomial coefficients, and invent the hydraulic press. Nope. He also developed Pascal's Calculator, an early mechanical calculator that is the first known to have worked. He didn't build it to do much, just help with the tax collecting work he was doing for his family.  The device could easily add and subtract two numbers and then loop through those tasks in order to do rudimentary multiplication and division. He would only build about 50, but the Pascaline as it came to be known was an important step in the history of computing. And that Leibniz guy, he invented the Leibniz wheels to make the multiplication automatic rather than just looping through addition steps. It wouldn't be until 1851 that the Arithmometer made a real commercial go at mechanical calculators in a larger and more business like way. While Tomas, the inventor of that device is best known for his work on the calculator today, his real legacy is the 1,000 families who get their income from the insurance company he founded, which is still in business as GAN Assurances, and the countless families who have worked there or used their services.  That brings us to the next point about specializations. Since the Egyptians and Greeks we've known that the more specialists we had in fields, the more discoveries they made. Many of these were philosophers or scientists. They studied the stars and optics and motions and mathematics and geometry for thousands of years, and an increasingly large amount of information was available to generations that followed starting with the written words first being committed to clay tablets in Mesopotamia. The body of knowledge had grown to the point where one could study a branch of science, such as mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology, and chemistry for their entire lives - improving each field in their own way. Every few generations, this transformed societal views about nature. We also increased our study of anatomy, with an increase in or return to the dissection of human corpses, emerging from the time when that was not allowed. And these specialties began to diverge into their own fields in the next generations. There was certainly still collaboration, and in fact the new discoveries only helped to make science more popular than ever. Given the increased popularity, there was more work done, more theories to prove or disprove, more scholarly writings, which were then given to more and more people through innovations to the printing press, and a more and more literate people. Seventeenth century scientists and philosophers were able to collaborate with members of the mathematical and astronomical communities to effect advances in all fields. All of this rapid change in science since the end of the Renaissance created a groundswell of interest in new ways to learn about findings and who was doing what. There was a Republic of Letters, or a community of intellectuals spread across Europe and America. These informal networks sprang up and spread information that might have been considered heretical before transmitted through secret societies of intellectuals and through encrypted letters. And they fostered friendships, like in the early days of computer science.  There were groups meeting in coffee houses and salons. The Royal Society of London sprang up in 1600. Then the British Royal Society was founded in 1660. They started a publication called Philosophical Transactions in 1665. There are over 8,000 members of the society, which runs to this day with fellows of the society including people like Robert Hooke and fellows would include Newton, Darwin, Faraday, Einstein, Francis Crick, Turing, Tim Berners-Lee, Elon Musk, and Stephen Hawking. And this inspired Colbert to establish the French Academy of Sciences in 1666. They swapped papers, read one another's works, and that peer review would evolve into the journals and institutions we have today. There are so many more than the ones mentioned in this episode. Great thinkers like Otto von Guericke, Otto Brunfels, Giordano Bruno, Leonard Fuchs, Tycho Brahe, Samuel Hartlib, William Harvey, Marcello Malpighi, John Napier, Edme Mariotte, Santorio Santorio, Simon Stevin, Franciscus Sylvius, John Baptist van Helmont, Andreas Vesalius, Evangelista Torricelli, Francois Viete, John Wallis, and the list goes on.  Now that scientific communities were finally beyond where the Greeks had left off like with Plato's Academy and the letters sent by ancient Greeks. The scientific societies had emerged similarly, centuries later. But the empires had more people and resources and traditions of science to build on.  This massive jump in learning then prepared us for a period we now call the Enlightenment, which then opened minds and humanity was ready to accept a new level of Science in the Age of Enlightenment. The books, essays, society periodicals, universities, discoveries, and inventions are often lost in the classroom where the focus can be about the wars and revolutions they often inspired. But those who emerged in the Scientific Revolution acted as guides for the Enlightenment philosophers, scientists, engineers, and thinkers that would come next. But we'll have to pick that back up in the next episode!

Barry Weingast, Senior Fellow at Stanford University's Hoover Institution and the Ward C. Krebs Family Professor in the Department of Political Science at Stanford University, talks about the ideas in his forthcoming book with Doug North and John Wallis, A Conceptual Framework for Interpreting Recorded Human History. Weingast talks with EconTalk host Russ Roberts about how violence shapes political institutions, the role of competition in politics and economics, and why most development advice from successful nations fails to lift poor nations out of poverty. Actually released 13 Aug 2007.

In this episode of the Political Economy Forum Podcast, Professor Victor Menaldo and Nicolas Wittstock discuss the meaning and virtues of Liberal Democracy and the political earthquakes that Populists have provoked across contemporary democracies. The conversation mentions works by North, Wallis, and Weingast, Levitsky and Ziblatt, John Wallis, Cas Mudde, Magistro and Menaldo, and Munger and Munger, as well as a New York Times op-ed by Victor Menaldo and Seattle Times op-ed by Menaldo. This podcast is produced by Matthew Dagele, Morgan Wack, and Nicolas Wittstock. Our theme music was created by Ted Long. Any questions or feedback, please contact uwpoliticaleconomy@gmail.com

Welcome back to another fun filled episode from those irascible Nerds we all look forward to each week. Oh, and what a show we have for you all, let me tell you. What, hurry up you say, well then. First up we have DJ giving us an update on the Marvel movies failing to impress and the arguments have continued. This week we have some delusional moron, believe me you will agree that they are a moron when you hear what they have done. Oh right, well this delusional moron says what has got to be the dumbest thing and the biggest lie in history. It sets Buck off like all the fireworks for New Year’s Eve in one go. My goodness, he really tears into this one like nothing before. If you listen in just to hear him rant about some misguided fool then you will love this one, plus you might learn a few new insults. Next up, after he catches his breathe Buck tells us about how some scientists believe they have figured out how to identify the existence of Wormholes. That’s right we said Wormholes. Those supposed mythical sci-fi tunnels through time and space purportedly linking us to the farthest reaches of the universe? Multiverse? Dimensional gateways? Well who knows, the gravity is more then we can fathom at this time. But it is something to do with that….Ahh, almost had me there. You will have to listen in to hear what and how the physicists think they can determine whether or not a wormhole exists. Then we move to a legendary tale for inspiration in what we have crappily dubbed “A Tale of Two Shitties!” Sorry, couldn’t resist the sloppy pun, messy though it is, haha, that just plopped out. Anyway, we look at two epically bad mistakes from two different games studios and have a laugh and cry at the stupidity and hubris involved. These tales of woe and calamity are similar but different, and for one we will cheer and hope. The other we will jeer and poke, fun of naturally. Now, since we have you so excited to know this tale of misfortune we invite ye to listen further to the tale in yonder episode. Finishing off as always with the regular shout outs, remembrances, birthdays, and special events of interest. We also wish to invite you all to come join us at Supanova in Brisbane on Saturday 9th November. We do not have the faintest idea of which table we will be at, other than it is the TNC productions booth. So come along and say hi, join us in our game and meet the goofballs that are the Nerds. As always take care of yourselves, look out for each other and stay hydrated.EPISODE NOTES:Scorsese update and The Mandalorian details - https://collider.com/martin-scorsese-marvel-movies-theyre-a-new-art-form/ - https://boundingintocomics.com/2019/10/24/jon-favreau-on-star-wars-and-the-mandalorian-through-stories-we-express-our-values-to-the-next-generation/How to find a wormhole- https://www.technology.org/2019/10/28/how-to-spot-a-wormhole-if-they-exist/- https://journals.aps.org/prd/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevD.100.083513A Tale of Two Shitties- https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2019-01-28-the-fall-of-swedish-game-wonder-starbreeze- https://www.forbes.com/sites/paultassi/2019/10/24/fallout-76s-premium-private-servers-are-not-private-its-scrap-box-is-deleting-scrap/#4999a5257386Games currently playingProfessor – Call of Duty: WWII - https://store.steampowered.com/app/476600/Call_of_Duty_WWII/Rating – 7/10Buck – Call of Duty: WWII - https://store.steampowered.com/app/476600/Call_of_Duty_WWII/Rating – 8/10DJ- Warframe - https://www.warframe.com/landingRating - 3.5/5Other topics discussedDisney CEO Bob Iger responds to Martin Scorsese and Francis Coppola’s comments- https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/2019/10/disney-ceo-bob-iger-response-scorsese-coppola-marvel-commentsDisney buys Marvel Entertainment for $4 Billion- https://money.cnn.com/2009/08/31/news/companies/disney_marvel/Pirate of the Caribbean (Disneyland tourist attraction)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirates_of_the_Caribbean_(attraction)Game of Thrones directing duo David Benioff and Dan Weiss leave Star Wars for a $250 million Netflix deal- https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/why-star-wars-didnt-work-game-thrones-duo-1250798Captain Planet and the Planeteers (1990 TV series)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captain_Planet_and_the_PlaneteersRadio signals from Jupiter could aid in the search for extraterrestrial life- https://scitechdaily.com/radio-signals-jupiter-aid-search-extraterrestrial-life-moon/Speed of radio waves traveling through space- http://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/Communications/2-why-does-it-take-so-long.htmlDistance from Earth to Jupiter through Light or Radio- https://pages.uoregon.edu/jimbrau/astr121/Notes/Jupiter/jupiterradio.htmlWormholes in relation to Time Travel- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wormhole#Time_travelFacts about Black Holes- https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/seuforum/bh_whatare.htmBobby Vinton – Mr Lonely- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=djU4Lq_5EaMStarbreeze Studios (Swedish video game developer and publisher based in Stockholm.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starbreeze_StudiosThe Walking Dead (episodic, graphic adventure video game series developed and published by Telltale Games and Skybound Games, based on The Walking Dead comic book series.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Walking_Dead_(video_game_series)Death & Revival of Telltale Games- https://au.ign.com/articles/2019/08/28/telltale-games-shut-down-and-revival-explainedThe Saboteur (Playstation Game)- https://www.playstation.com/en-au/games/the-saboteur-ps3/WARSAW (PC Game)- https://store.steampowered.com/app/1026420/WARSAW/Heston Blumenthal’s rocket explosion- https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2016/mar/05/heston-blumenthal-chef-cooks-astronaut-tim-peakeShoutouts27 Oct 1962 - Vasili Alexandrovich Arkhipov saved the world, the Russian naval officer who, refused to fire a nuclear torpedo at an American aircraft carrier, thus averting the probability of a third world war and thermo-nuclear destruction across the planet. The confrontation was part of the Cuban missile crisis that had the world holding its breath for nearly two weeks. - https://www.onthisday.com/articles/the-man-who-saved-the-world27 Oct 2019 – League of legends turn 10 years old. Its launch on Oct 27, 2009 was just one memorable moment in Riot Game’s 10-year journey down a road punctuated by terror, wild leaps of faith, and powered by an army of interns and a lot of luck. - https://www.washingtonpost.com/video-games/2019/10/27/league-legends-is-now-years-old-this-is-story-its-birth/28 Oct 1726 - The novel Gulliver's Travels or Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. In Four Parts. By Lemuel Gulliver, First a Surgeon, and then a Captain of Several Ships is a prose satire was published. It satirises both human nature and the "travellers' tales" literary subgenre. It is Swift's best known full-length work, and a classic of English literature. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulliver%27s_Travels28 Oct 1965 - Gateway Arch construction completed, it is the world's tallest arch, the tallest man-made monument in the Western Hemisphere, and Missouri's tallest accessible building. Built as a monument to the westward expansion of the United States, and officially dedicated to "the American people," the Arch, commonly referred to as "The Gateway to the West" is the centerpiece of Gateway Arch National Park and has become an internationally recognized symbol of St. Louis, as well as a popular tourist destination. It is located at the site of St. Louis's founding on the west bank of the Mississippi River. - https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/gateway-arch-completed29 Oct 2019 – Shigeru Miyamoto is being awarded the Person of Cultural Merit by the Japanese government on November 3, which is recognized nationally as Culture Day in Japan. The award is the highest honour a person in a creative field can receive in Japan, and Miyamoto is the first person in the video game industry to receive the honour. - https://www.cnn.com/2019/10/29/tech/shigeru-miyamoto-nintendo-trnd/index.htmlRemembrances21 Oct 2019 - Josip Elic, American character actor. He was best known for his role as Bancini in One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest. Despite having few lines in the film, his major scene came in the form of an improvisation by Jack Nicholson for the patient's basketball game. He later became more nationally recognized after two appearances on The Twilight Zone, including in "The Obsolete Man" with Burgess Meredith. He died from complications off a fall at the age of 98 in River Edge, New Jersey - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josip_Elic28 Oct 1703 - John Wallis, English clergyman and mathematician who is given partial credit for the development of infinitesimal calculus. Between 1643 and 1689 he served as chief cryptographer for Parliament and, later, the royal court. He is credited with introducing the symbol∞ to represent the concept of infinity. He similarly used 1/∞ for an infinitesimal. John Wallis was a contemporary of Newton and one of the greatest intellectuals of the early renaissance of mathematics. He died at the age of 86 in Oxford, Oxfordshire - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wallis28 Oct 2005 - Richard Smalley, the Gene and Norman Hackerman Professor of Chemistry and a Professor of Physics and Astronomy at Rice University, in Houston, Texas. In 1996, along with Robert Curl, also a professor of chemistry at Rice, and Harold Kroto, a professor at the University of Sussex, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery of a new form of carbon, buckminsterfullerene, also known as buckyballs. He was an advocate of nanotechnology and its applications. He is credited as the “Father of Nanotechnology”. He died from leukemia at the age of 62 in University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_SmalleyFamous Birthdays28 Oct 1982 - Matt Smith, English actor. He is best known for his roles as the eleventh incarnation of the Doctor in the BBC series Doctor Who and Prince Philip in the Netflix series The Crown, earning a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for the latter. Smith's first television role came in 2006 as Jim Taylor in the BBC adaptations of Philip Pullman's The Ruby in the Smoke and The Shadow in the North, while his first major role in television came as Danny in the 2007 BBC series Party Animals. Smith, who was announced as the eleventh incarnation of the Doctor in January 2009, is the youngest person ever to play the character. He left the series at the end of the 2013 Christmas Day special, ‘The Time of the Doctor’. In film, he starred in Womb (2010) and portrayed the physical embodiment of Skynet in Terminator Genisys (2015). He was born in Northhampton - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt_Smith_(actor)28 Oct 1967 – Julia Roberts, American actress and producer. She established herself as a leading lady in Hollywood after headlining the romantic comedy film Pretty Woman, which grossed $464 million worldwide. She has won three Golden Globe Awards, from eight nominations, and has been nominated for four Academy Awards for her film acting, winning the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in Erin Brockovich. Roberts was the highest-paid actress in the world throughout most of the 1990s and in the first half of the 2000s. Her fee for 1990's Pretty Woman was US$300,000; in 2003, she was paid an unprecedented $25 million for her role in Mona Lisa Smile (2003). As of 2017, Roberts's net worth was estimated to be $170 million. People magazine has named her the most beautiful woman in the world a record five times. She was born in Smyrna, Georgia - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia_Roberts28 Oct 1955 - William Henry Gates III also known as Bill Gates, American business magnate, investor, author, philanthropist, and humanitarian. He is best known as the pioneer of the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s, and the principal founder of Microsoft Corporation. During his career at Microsoft, Gates held the positions of chairman,CEO and chief software architect, while also being the largest individual shareholder until May 2014. Gates is one of the best-known entrepreneurs of the personal computer revolution. He has been criticized for his business tactics, which have been considered anti-competitive. This opinion has been upheld by numerous court rulings. Later in his career and since leaving Microsoft, Gates pursued a number of philanthropic endeavors. He donated large amounts of money to various charitable organizations and scientific research programs through the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, reported to be the world's largest private charity. In 2009, Gates and Warren Buffett founded The Giving Pledge, whereby they and other billionaires pledge to give at least half of their wealth to philanthropy. The foundation works to save lives and improve global health, and is working with Rotary International to eliminate polio. He was born in Seattle,Washington - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_GatesEvents of Interest28 Oct 1971 – Prospero becomes the only British satellite to be launched by a British rocket. It was designed to undertake a series of experiments to study the effects of space environment on communications satellites and remained operational until 1973, after which it was contacted annually for over 25 years. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prospero_(satellite)28 Oct 1994 - Stargate was first aired, the film is the first release in the Stargate franchise. The plot centers on the premise of a "Stargate", an ancient ring-shaped device that creates a wormhole enabling travel to a similar device elsewhere in the universe. The film's central plot explores the theory of extraterrestrial beings having an influence upon human civilization. - https://stargate.fandom.com/wiki/Stargate_(film)28 Oct 2014 – A rocket carrying NASA's Cygnus CRS Orb-3 resupply mission to the International Space Station explodes seconds after taking off from the Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport in Virginia. This flight, which would have been its fourth to the International Space Station and the fifth of an Antares launch vehicle, resulted in the Antares rocket exploding seconds after liftoff. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cygnus_CRS_Orb-3IntroArtist – Goblins from MarsSong Title – Super Mario - Overworld Theme (GFM Trap Remix)Song Link - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-GNMe6kF0j0&index=4&list=PLHmTsVREU3Ar1AJWkimkl6Pux3R5PB-QJFollow us onFacebook- Page - https://www.facebook.com/NerdsAmalgamated/- Group - https://www.facebook.com/groups/440485136816406/Twitter - https://twitter.com/NAmalgamatedSpotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/6Nux69rftdBeeEXwD8GXrSiTunes - https://itunes.apple.com/au/podcast/top-shelf-nerds/id1347661094RSS - http://www.thatsnotcanonproductions.com/topshelfnerdspodcast?format=rss

Hoy, entrevistaremos a José Luis Pandero autor de un blog de cine y hablaremos con él del atractivo asunto de cine y ciencia. Luis Antequera nos señala por qué “Hoy no es un día cualquiera” recordandonos, entre otras cosas, que en un día como hoy, fallece Beatriz Galindo y nacen la Lotería Nacional, Otón I, primer emperador del Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico y John Wallis, matemático, precursor del cálculo infinitesimal e introductor del símbolo ∞. Así mismo, en un día como hoy el rey Fernando III, toma la ciudad de Sevilla, se escucha la primera gramola, y se inaugura el Palacio de Comunicaciones, que hoy alberga el ayuntamiento de la ciudad. En “Pensar y sentir” Leonardo Daimiel reflexionaremos con un texto de Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, aviador y escritor. El texto que nos sirve de reflexión es una oración de gran profundidad que evoca bellos propósitos. Luis Antequera nos relata la vida de Santa Cecilia. Los niños del programa harán, como siempre, las preguntas sencillas a conceptos complejos y nos preguntan xómo se puede programar un mando para que haga algo, si podemos ver los componentes de la sangre y cuánto late el corazón. Así mismo quieren saber la velocidad de caída de la lluvia. Todo esto. ¡Se lo van perder!

On the 5th episode of Beyond The WODcast Coach Johnny catches up with the king of overhead mobility, John Wallis, to learn how easy it is to find happiness in life. Seriously, this is a profound conversation with John. We get into some really interesting... The post Episode 5 | Happiness Found with John Wallis appeared first on CrossFit Decatur.

El 16 de mayo de 2017 tuvo lugar en la Fundación Rafael del Pino la conferencia de John Wallis sobre “Las esencias del comportamiento económico en el largo plazo”. Wallis, catedrático de Economía de la Universidad de Maryland, explicó que lo que produce el crecimiento económico a largo plazo es, sobre todo, la reducción de la frecuencia y la intensidad de las recesiones. Esto se debe a los cambios institucionales que tienen lugar a lo largo del tiempo. Según los análisis históricos llevados a cabo al respecto, las tasas de crecimiento a corto plazo y la frecuencia y la intensidad de las recesiones han sido elevadas durante la mayor parte de la historia. En los países en desarrollo siguen siendo altas y muy variables. Entonces, ¿por qué se producen las mejoras en el crecimiento a largo plazo? Pues porque la frecuencia y la intensidad de las recesiones han disminuido. De hecho, la tasa de crecimiento a corto plazo ha tendido a reducirse a lo largo del tiempo, más que a aumentar, cuando ha mejorado el crecimiento a largo plazo. En consecuencia, la forma en la que los países se enriquecen es con crecimientos bajos pero sostenidos. Esto explica porque los países ricos son cada vez más ricos, ya que en los países pobres las crisis se producen con mayor frecuencia y son más intensas. Adam Smith nos enseñó que el crecimiento económico a largo plazo depende de la amplitud de los mercados, de la especialización productiva y de la división del trabajo, como explicó con su conocido ejemplo de la fábrica de alfileres. En este mundo, también pueden contribuir al crecimiento económico el desarrollo tecnológico, la transición demográfica, los cambios estructurales en las economías y las guerras. Aun así, ello no basta por sí mismo para superar la trampa maltusiana sin que se produzca una intervención que lo haga posible. Esto se debe a que la sociedad smithsoniana es una sociedad que se basa en las relaciones interpersonales, en el conocimiento del otro y, por tanto, en la confianza. En esta sociedad, las élites disfrutan de privilegios y detentan un poder que usan, por lo general, para defender dichos privilegios. En este sentido, las élites se encuentran menos dispuestas a respetar los contratos porque solo pueden obligarlas a hacerlo efectivamente capas superiores a ellas en la sociedad. Son relaciones de arriba hacia abajo en las que cuanto más alto se encuentra uno, más difícil es que tenga a alguien por encima que le obligue a satisfacer la palabra dada. Este tipo de sociedades son más propensas a que se produzcan crisis más amplias y más frecuentes, ya que el incumplimiento de los contratos puede desencadenar situaciones de ruptura dentro de las élites mismas que impidan las relaciones comerciales entre los miembros de la élite. Con los estratos inferiores de la sociedad esas relaciones no existirán puesto que carecen de capacidad de imponer la satisfacción de los contratos y, por tanto, se abstendrán de relacionarse económicamente con niveles sociales más elevados a los suyos. Las sociedades modernas, en cambio, se adaptan mejor a las situaciones de crisis porque las relaciones son impersonales y, por ello, tienen lugar entre todos los niveles de la sociedad, Con ello, se elimina la posibilidad de una ruptura de las élites que lleve a una crisis a todos como consecuencia de los cambios y las incertidumbres que afectan a esas élites. Aquí las élites ya no pueden usar las leyes en su favor, con lo que se ven obligadas a satisfacer los contratos suscritos. Las rupturas no se producen y, de esta forma, disminuyen la cuantía y la intensidad de las crisis.

El 16 de mayo de 2017 tuvo lugar en la Fundación Rafael del Pino la conferencia de John Wallis sobre “Las esencias del comportamiento económico en el largo plazo”. Wallis, catedrático de Economía de la Universidad de Maryland, explicó que lo que produce el crecimiento económico a largo plazo es, sobre todo, la reducción de la frecuencia y la intensidad de las recesiones. Esto se debe a los cambios institucionales que tienen lugar a lo largo del tiempo. Según los análisis históricos llevados a cabo al respecto, las tasas de crecimiento a corto plazo y la frecuencia y la intensidad de las recesiones han sido elevadas durante la mayor parte de la historia. En los países en desarrollo siguen siendo altas y muy variables. Entonces, ¿por qué se producen las mejoras en el crecimiento a largo plazo? Pues porque la frecuencia y la intensidad de las recesiones han disminuido. De hecho, la tasa de crecimiento a corto plazo ha tendido a reducirse a lo largo del tiempo, más que a aumentar, cuando ha mejorado el crecimiento a largo plazo. En consecuencia, la forma en la que los países se enriquecen es con crecimientos bajos pero sostenidos. Esto explica porque los países ricos son cada vez más ricos, ya que en los países pobres las crisis se producen con mayor frecuencia y son más intensas. Adam Smith nos enseñó que el crecimiento económico a largo plazo depende de la amplitud de los mercados, de la especialización productiva y de la división del trabajo, como explicó con su conocido ejemplo de la fábrica de alfileres. En este mundo, también pueden contribuir al crecimiento económico el desarrollo tecnológico, la transición demográfica, los cambios estructurales en las economías y las guerras. Aun así, ello no basta por sí mismo para superar la trampa maltusiana sin que se produzca una intervención que lo haga posible. Esto se debe a que la sociedad smithsoniana es una sociedad que se basa en las relaciones interpersonales, en el conocimiento del otro y, por tanto, en la confianza. En esta sociedad, las élites disfrutan de privilegios y detentan un poder que usan, por lo general, para defender dichos privilegios. En este sentido, las élites se encuentran menos dispuestas a respetar los contratos porque solo pueden obligarlas a hacerlo efectivamente capas superiores a ellas en la sociedad. Son relaciones de arriba hacia abajo en las que cuanto más alto se encuentra uno, más difícil es que tenga a alguien por encima que le obligue a satisfacer la palabra dada. Este tipo de sociedades son más propensas a que se produzcan crisis más amplias y más frecuentes, ya que el incumplimiento de los contratos puede desencadenar situaciones de ruptura dentro de las élites mismas que impidan las relaciones comerciales entre los miembros de la élite. Con los estratos inferiores de la sociedad esas relaciones no existirán puesto que carecen de capacidad de imponer la satisfacción de los contratos y, por tanto, se abstendrán de relacionarse económicamente con niveles sociales más elevados a los suyos. Las sociedades modernas, en cambio, se adaptan mejor a las situaciones de crisis porque las relaciones son impersonales y, por ello, tienen lugar entre todos los niveles de la sociedad, Con ello, se elimina la posibilidad de una ruptura de las élites que lleve a una crisis a todos como consecuencia de los cambios y las incertidumbres que afectan a esas élites. Aquí las élites ya no pueden usar las leyes en su favor, con lo que se ven obligadas a satisfacer los contratos suscritos. Las rupturas no se producen y, de esta forma, disminuyen la cuantía y la intensidad de las crisis.

El 16 de mayo de 2017 tuvo lugar en la Fundación Rafael del Pino la conferencia de John Wallis sobre “Las esencias del comportamiento económico en el largo plazo”. Wallis, catedrático de Economía de la Universidad de Maryland, explicó que lo que produce el crecimiento económico a largo plazo es, sobre todo, la reducción de la frecuencia y la intensidad de las recesiones. Esto se debe a los cambios institucionales que tienen lugar a lo largo del tiempo. Según los análisis históricos llevados a cabo al respecto, las tasas de crecimiento a corto plazo y la frecuencia y la intensidad de las recesiones han sido elevadas durante la mayor parte de la historia. En los países en desarrollo siguen siendo altas y muy variables. Entonces, ¿por qué se producen las mejoras en el crecimiento a largo plazo? Pues porque la frecuencia y la intensidad de las recesiones han disminuido. De hecho, la tasa de crecimiento a corto plazo ha tendido a reducirse a lo largo del tiempo, más que a aumentar, cuando ha mejorado el crecimiento a largo plazo. En consecuencia, la forma en la que los países se enriquecen es con crecimientos bajos pero sostenidos. Esto explica porque los países ricos son cada vez más ricos, ya que en los países pobres las crisis se producen con mayor frecuencia y son más intensas. Adam Smith nos enseñó que el crecimiento económico a largo plazo depende de la amplitud de los mercados, de la especialización productiva y de la división del trabajo, como explicó con su conocido ejemplo de la fábrica de alfileres. En este mundo, también pueden contribuir al crecimiento económico el desarrollo tecnológico, la transición demográfica, los cambios estructurales en las economías y las guerras. Aun así, ello no basta por sí mismo para superar la trampa maltusiana sin que se produzca una intervención que lo haga posible. Esto se debe a que la sociedad smithsoniana es una sociedad que se basa en las relaciones interpersonales, en el conocimiento del otro y, por tanto, en la confianza. En esta sociedad, las élites disfrutan de privilegios y detentan un poder que usan, por lo general, para defender dichos privilegios. En este sentido, las élites se encuentran menos dispuestas a respetar los contratos porque solo pueden obligarlas a hacerlo efectivamente capas superiores a ellas en la sociedad. Son relaciones de arriba hacia abajo en las que cuanto más alto se encuentra uno, más difícil es que tenga a alguien por encima que le obligue a satisfacer la palabra dada. Este tipo de sociedades son más propensas a que se produzcan crisis más amplias y más frecuentes, ya que el incumplimiento de los contratos puede desencadenar situaciones de ruptura dentro de las élites mismas que impidan las relaciones comerciales entre los miembros de la élite. Con los estratos inferiores de la sociedad esas relaciones no existirán puesto que carecen de capacidad de imponer la satisfacción de los contratos y, por tanto, se abstendrán de relacionarse económicamente con niveles sociales más elevados a los suyos. Las sociedades modernas, en cambio, se adaptan mejor a las situaciones de crisis porque las relaciones son impersonales y, por ello, tienen lugar entre todos los niveles de la sociedad, Con ello, se elimina la posibilidad de una ruptura de las élites que lleve a una crisis a todos como consecuencia de los cambios y las incertidumbres que afectan a esas élites. Aquí las élites ya no pueden usar las leyes en su favor, con lo que se ven obligadas a satisfacer los contratos suscritos. Las rupturas no se producen y, de esta forma, disminuyen la cuantía y la intensidad de las crisis.

El 16 de mayo de 2017 tuvo lugar en la Fundación Rafael del Pino la conferencia de John Wallis sobre “Las esencias del comportamiento económico en el largo plazo”. Wallis, catedrático de Economía de la Universidad de Maryland, explicó que lo que produce el crecimiento económico a largo plazo es, sobre todo, la reducción de la frecuencia y la intensidad de las recesiones. Esto se debe a los cambios institucionales que tienen lugar a lo largo del tiempo. Según los análisis históricos llevados a cabo al respecto, las tasas de crecimiento a corto plazo y la frecuencia y la intensidad de las recesiones han sido elevadas durante la mayor parte de la historia. En los países en desarrollo siguen siendo altas y muy variables. Entonces, ¿por qué se producen las mejoras en el crecimiento a largo plazo? Pues porque la frecuencia y la intensidad de las recesiones han disminuido. De hecho, la tasa de crecimiento a corto plazo ha tendido a reducirse a lo largo del tiempo, más que a aumentar, cuando ha mejorado el crecimiento a largo plazo. En consecuencia, la forma en la que los países se enriquecen es con crecimientos bajos pero sostenidos. Esto explica porque los países ricos son cada vez más ricos, ya que en los países pobres las crisis se producen con mayor frecuencia y son más intensas. Adam Smith nos enseñó que el crecimiento económico a largo plazo depende de la amplitud de los mercados, de la especialización productiva y de la división del trabajo, como explicó con su conocido ejemplo de la fábrica de alfileres. En este mundo, también pueden contribuir al crecimiento económico el desarrollo tecnológico, la transición demográfica, los cambios estructurales en las economías y las guerras. Aun así, ello no basta por sí mismo para superar la trampa maltusiana sin que se produzca una intervención que lo haga posible. Esto se debe a que la sociedad smithsoniana es una sociedad que se basa en las relaciones interpersonales, en el conocimiento del otro y, por tanto, en la confianza. En esta sociedad, las élites disfrutan de privilegios y detentan un poder que usan, por lo general, para defender dichos privilegios. En este sentido, las élites se encuentran menos dispuestas a respetar los contratos porque solo pueden obligarlas a hacerlo efectivamente capas superiores a ellas en la sociedad. Son relaciones de arriba hacia abajo en las que cuanto más alto se encuentra uno, más difícil es que tenga a alguien por encima que le obligue a satisfacer la palabra dada. Este tipo de sociedades son más propensas a que se produzcan crisis más amplias y más frecuentes, ya que el incumplimiento de los contratos puede desencadenar situaciones de ruptura dentro de las élites mismas que impidan las relaciones comerciales entre los miembros de la élite. Con los estratos inferiores de la sociedad esas relaciones no existirán puesto que carecen de capacidad de imponer la satisfacción de los contratos y, por tanto, se abstendrán de relacionarse económicamente con niveles sociales más elevados a los suyos. Las sociedades modernas, en cambio, se adaptan mejor a las situaciones de crisis porque las relaciones son impersonales y, por ello, tienen lugar entre todos los niveles de la sociedad, Con ello, se elimina la posibilidad de una ruptura de las élites que lleve a una crisis a todos como consecuencia de los cambios y las incertidumbres que afectan a esas élites. Aquí las élites ya no pueden usar las leyes en su favor, con lo que se ven obligadas a satisfacer los contratos suscritos. Las rupturas no se producen y, de esta forma, disminuyen la cuantía y la intensidad de las crisis.

How Fermat communicated his findings to Wallis.

Transcript -- How Fermat communicated his findings to Wallis.

How Fermat communicated his findings to Wallis.

Transcript -- How Fermat communicated his findings to Wallis.

Barry Weingast, Senior Fellow at Stanford University's Hoover Institution and the Ward C. Krebs Family Professor in the Department of Political Science at Stanford University, talks about the ideas in his forthcoming book with Doug North and John Wallis, A Conceptual Framework for Interpreting Recorded Human History. Weingast talks with EconTalk host Russ Roberts about how violence shapes political institutions, the role of competition in politics and economics, and why most development advice from successful nations fails to lift poor nations out of poverty.

Barry Weingast, Senior Fellow at Stanford University's Hoover Institution and the Ward C. Krebs Family Professor in the Department of Political Science at Stanford University, talks about the ideas in his forthcoming book with Doug North and John Wallis, A Conceptual Framework for Interpreting Recorded Human History. Weingast talks with EconTalk host Russ Roberts about how violence shapes political institutions, the role of competition in politics and economics, and why most development advice from successful nations fails to lift poor nations out of poverty.

Explain the Method of Mathematical Induction. Francesco Maurolico, Pascal and John Wallis. Applying the method of Induction to prove the sum of odd numbers is a square.