Podcasts about Scipio

  • 169PODCASTS
  • 248EPISODES
  • 46mAVG DURATION
  • 1MONTHLY NEW EPISODE
  • May 14, 2025LATEST

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Best podcasts about Scipio

Latest podcast episodes about Scipio

Cadena SER Navarra
Pamplona pone en marcha un programa de apoyo y asesoramiento a personas dependientes y sus cuidadoras

Cadena SER Navarra

Play Episode Listen Later May 14, 2025 12:50


El Ayuntamiento de Pamplona y el Gobierno de Navarra han unido sus fuerzas para poner en marcha una iniciativa piloto encaminada a mejorar la formación y el asesoramiento a personas cuidadoras de dependientes en el entorno familiar. El proyecto ‘Scipio', que proviene de la palabra en latín que significa bastón, quiere ofrecer una red de apoyo a todas esas familias que se hacen cargo de personas dependientes, aportándoles orientación en aspectos como la atención personal, el apoyo educativo y el sociosanitario. Esa labor correrá a cargo de las trabajadoras familiares del Ayuntamiento de Pamplona.

Sách Nói Chất Lượng Cao
Sách nói Truyện Con Chó Berganza - E. T. A. Hoffmann | Voiz FM

Sách Nói Chất Lượng Cao

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 28, 2025 89:59


Nghe trọn nội dung sách nói Truyện Con Chó Berganza trên ứng dụng Voiz FM: https://voiz.vn/play/6656/Berganza là một con chó biết nói (và lại nói rất hay). Nó xuất hiện lần đầu trong truyện Đám Cưới Giả của Miguel de Cervantes, nằm trong bộ mười hai “truyện ngắn” (novella) ông viết trong khoảng thời gian từ 1590 đến 1612.Berganza nói gì?Nó kể với Scipion bạn của nó (cũng là một con chó) về cuộc sống của mình dưới thời những người chủ khác nhau. Dù là đồ tể, cảnh sát, thương gia hay dân Di-gan, mỗi người đều hủ bại không thể cứu vãn. Berganza gay gắt và Scipio chỉ trích, mượn lời 2 con chó, Cervantes phê bình về luân lý ở Tây Ban Nha thế kỷ XVI, đồng thời phác họa bức chân dung bất hủ về trái tim con người.Vì quá thích câu chuyện này, E.T.A. Hoffmann đã viết tiếp nó. Ở đây, ông tìm thấy Berganza ở nước Đức thế kỷ XIX, trong một cuộc tản bộ ban tối xuyên khu rừng Bamberg: lúc này Scipion đã chết, còn Berganza làm một chuyến du hành thời gian để có mặt ở đó lúc đó, chuyện gẫu với Hoffmann.Tất nhiên người hưởng lợi nhiều nhất là độc giả, nhất là khi có thể nối hai câu chuyện ấy lại với nhau. Điều đó được thực hiện (lần đầu tiên) trong cuốn sách này."Tuy tác giả của các câu chuyện đều là những tác giả thuộc vào hàng vĩ đại nhất của lịch sử văn chương thế giới, nhưng ở đây con chó Berganza mới là nhân vật chính."Tại ứng dụng sách nói Voiz FM, sách nói Truyện Con Chó Berganza được đầu tư chất lượng âm thanh và thu âm chuyên nghiệp, tốt nhất để mang lại trải nghiệm nghe tuyệt vời cho bạn. ---Về Voiz FM: Voiz FM là ứng dụng sách nói podcast ra mắt thị trường công nghệ từ năm 2019. Với gần 2000 tựa sách độc quyền, Voiz FM hiện đang là nền tảng sách nói podcast bản quyền hàng đầu Việt Nam. Bạn có thể trải nghiệm miễn phí đa dạng nội dung tại Voiz FM từ sách nói, podcast đến truyện nói, sách tóm tắt và nội dung dành cho thiếu nhi. ---Voiz FM website: https://voiz.vn/ Theo dõi Facebook Voiz FM: https://www.facebook.com/VoizFM Tham khảo thêm các bài viết review, tổng hợp, gợi ý sách để lựa chọn sách nói dễ dàng hơn tại trang Blog Voiz FM: http://blog.voiz.vn/ ---Cảm ơn bạn đã ủng hộ Voiz FM. Nếu bạn yêu thích sách nói Truyện Con Chó Berganza và các nội dung sách nói podcast khác, hãy đăng ký kênh để nhận thông báo về những nội dung mới nhất của Voiz FM channel nhé. Ngoài ra, bạn có thể nghe BẢN FULL ĐỘC QUYỀN hàng chục ngàn nội dung Chất lượng cao khác tại ứng dụng Voiz FM.Tải ứng dụng Voiz FM: voiz.vn/download#voizfm #sáchnói #podcast #sáchnóiTruyệnConChóBerganza #Hoffmann

Building Black Biz
Anita Scipio, Hip-Hop Time Capsule: Document Your Personal Journey

Building Black Biz

Play Episode Listen Later Feb 14, 2025 42:32 Transcription Available


The latest Building Black Business podcast episode features Taylor Hayes in conversation with Anita Scipio, arthur of Hip-hop Time Capsule: Document Your Personal JourneyIn Partnership with @DriveToyota

Warlords of History
Scipio Africanus - Part 8 (The Roman Revival)

Warlords of History

Play Episode Listen Later Feb 3, 2025 84:03


In this episode, we explore Rome's spectacular resurgence in 214 BC as it began to turn the tide of the Second Punic War. Through key victories abroad and sweeping economic reforms at home, how the Republic sustained its unprecedented buildup of Legions, that in 213 BC started clawing back lost ground from Hannibal in southern Italy. Undeniable momentum, fueling a renewed surge of confidence in Rome, while also setting the stage for a bold political maneuver by the young and ambitious Scipio, who audaciously defied Roman tradition to secure his first public office.   If you would like to support my work directly, you can kindly do so here: patreon.com/warlordsofhistory

Genuine Chit-Chat
#255 – Clone Wars Conversations Season 6 Pt 2 (E5-7): Return Of Clovis: Anakin Almost Beats Padmé's Friend To Death, Plus Muuns Banking On Scipio

Genuine Chit-Chat

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 30, 2024 73:26


Clone Wars Conversations continues with an underrated arc, about Anakin's possessive love of Padmé and Palpatine's control over the galactic banks, all in the second batch of episodes from Season 6! Dave, Maff & Mike talk in-depth about Anakin's fall, Padmé's tactics and Palpatine's plans! In more detail, the trio discuss Star Wars banking, the further plots of Palpatine, how brutally Anakin almost kills Clovis and the impact on his marriage with Padmé it has, plus Mike talks about Muuns and Darth Plagueis, the handmaiden Teckla Minnau, Rex's helment change and much more, including what these episodes mean for Revenge Of The Sith & beyond (without detailing Bad Batch, as Dave & Maff have yet to see it). Episodes featured; An Old Friend, The Rise Of Clovis and Crisis At Heart. The weekly Skeleton Crew discussion shows continue and Megan joined Mike for episode 5, while Maff was on for episode 4 and Dave will appear in 2025! Listen on any podcast app: https://pod.fo/e/29345d or watch on YouTube: https://youtu.be/Q7yoQ0NnjgI Clone Wars Conversations has been releasing monthly since January 21st 2024 on the usual podcast feeds & YouTube (eps 221, 225, 229, 233, 236, 238, 241, 244, 245, 249, 251, 252 & 254 of GCC): https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLcO1Ib_BGD8Y79aRWUxSWwdy3eyNrbXBl  Dave mentioned the movie Margin Call in this discussion. The trio are all featuring in various episodes of JAC's Back to The Filmography, each of their first season 2 appearances are out now, for the season of Matthew McConaughey! Dave talks about Dazed & Confused, Maff does Angels In The Outfield and Mike does Glory Daze! Listen to BttF anywhere you find podcasts: https://podfollow.com/1686261095   Mike appeared on Spider-Dan & The Secret Bores for their top 5 small cast movies, listen here: https://pod.fo/e/289237 Mike also appeared on Spider-Dan's pod with Megan, talking Princess Diana in Spencer: https://pod.fo/e/2916c6 Maff is @MaffUK78 on Twitter and recently spoke about Conan comics on 20th Century Geek here: https://pod.fo/e/277fbc - spoke about the TMNT story The Last Ronin on Indie Comics Spotlight here: https://pod.fo/e/24c64a - and did a spider-related podcast with Spider-Dan here: https://pod.fo/e/22733f You can find Dave on Threads @davehorrocks, or the podcasts Comics In Motion, the VHS Strikes Back: https://linktr.ee/vhsstrikesback and Chris & Dave's Reality TV Cast: https://anchor.fm/cdrealitycast  Two weeks ago on Genuine Chit-Chat & Comics In Motion, Mike interviewed Charles Soule & Ryan Browne about their upcoming Lucky Devils comic! Listen here: https://pod.fo/e/291d48 or watch the video version here: https://youtu.be/K4sUI_zU9L4  Mike has been involved with many other Star Wars podcasts, including interviewing Mike Chen on episode 234 of GCC about his novel Star Wars: Brotherhood and he returns on episode 246 to talk about his latest novel with Marvel; What If Marc Spector Was Host To Venom? Ep 234found here: https://pod.fo/e/23d985 & https://youtu.be/pQA0QvC5qa0 and ep 246 found here: https://pod.fo/e/279547 & https://youtu.be/PAEmwuhG2gw Find all of Mike's social media & other links at https://linktr.ee/GenuineChitChat

Comics In Motion Podcast
Star Wars: Clone Wars Conversations Season 6 Pt 2 (E5-7): Return Of Clovis: Anakin Almost Beats Padmé's Friend To Death, Plus Muuns Banking On Scipio

Comics In Motion Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 30, 2024 73:26


Clone Wars Conversations continues with an underrated arc, about Anakin's possessive love of Padmé and Palpatine's control over the galactic banks, all in the second batch of episodes from Season 6! Dave, Maff & Mike talk in-depth about Anakin's fall, Padmé's tactics and Palpatine's plans! In more detail, the trio discuss Star Wars banking, the further plots of Palpatine, how brutally Anakin almost kills Clovis and the impact on his marriage with Padmé it has, plus Mike talks about Muuns and Darth Plagueis, the handmaiden Teckla Minnau, Rex's helment change and much more, including what these episodes mean for Revenge Of The Sith & beyond (without detailing Bad Batch, as Dave & Maff have yet to see it). Episodes featured; An Old Friend, The Rise Of Clovis and Crisis At Heart. The weekly Skeleton Crew discussion shows continue and Megan joined Mike for episode 5, while Maff was on for episode 4 and Dave will appear in 2025! Listen on any podcast app: https://pod.fo/e/29345d or watch on YouTube: https://youtu.be/Q7yoQ0NnjgI Clone Wars Conversations has been releasing monthly since January 21st 2024 on the usual podcast feeds & YouTube (eps 221, 225, 229, 233, 236, 238, 241, 244, 245, 249, 251, 252 & 254 of GCC): https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLcO1Ib_BGD8Y79aRWUxSWwdy3eyNrbXBl  Dave mentioned the movie Margin Call in this discussion. The trio are all featuring in various episodes of JAC's Back to The Filmography, each of their first season 2 appearances are out now, for the season of Matthew McConaughey! Dave talks about Dazed & Confused, Maff does Angels In The Outfield and Mike does Glory Daze! Listen to BttF anywhere you find podcasts: https://podfollow.com/1686261095   Mike appeared on Spider-Dan & The Secret Bores for their top 5 small cast movies, listen here: https://pod.fo/e/289237 Mike also appeared on Spider-Dan's pod with Megan, talking Princess Diana in Spencer: https://pod.fo/e/2916c6 Maff is @MaffUK78 on Twitter and recently spoke about Conan comics on 20th Century Geek here: https://pod.fo/e/277fbc - spoke about the TMNT story The Last Ronin on Indie Comics Spotlight here: https://pod.fo/e/24c64a - and did a spider-related podcast with Spider-Dan here: https://pod.fo/e/22733f You can find Dave on Threads @davehorrocks, or the podcasts Comics In Motion, the VHS Strikes Back: https://linktr.ee/vhsstrikesback and Chris & Dave's Reality TV Cast: https://anchor.fm/cdrealitycast  Two weeks ago on Genuine Chit-Chat & Comics In Motion, Mike interviewed Charles Soule & Ryan Browne about their upcoming Lucky Devils comic! Listen here: https://pod.fo/e/291d48 or watch the video version here: https://youtu.be/K4sUI_zU9L4  Mike has been involved with many other Star Wars podcasts, including interviewing Mike Chen on episode 234 of GCC about his novel Star Wars: Brotherhood and he returns on episode 246 to talk about his latest novel with Marvel; What If Marc Spector Was Host To Venom? Ep 234found here: https://pod.fo/e/23d985 & https://youtu.be/pQA0QvC5qa0 and ep 246 found here: https://pod.fo/e/279547 & https://youtu.be/PAEmwuhG2gw Find all of Mike's social media & other links at https://linktr.ee/GenuineChitChat

Angela Yee's Lip Service
Anita Scipio Talks New Book Hip Hop Time Capsule, Reflects On Her Viral Moment W/ Will Smith + More

Angela Yee's Lip Service

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 19, 2024 12:21 Transcription Available


Anita Scipio Talks New Book Hip Hop Time Capsule, Reflects On Her Viral Moment W/ Will Smith + MoreSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Angela Yee's Lip Service
WUWY: Way Up With Anita Scipio & The Hip Hop Time Capsule

Angela Yee's Lip Service

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 19, 2024 38:08 Transcription Available


Anita Scipio, iHearts mom, has written a book about hip-hop history. She's sitting down with Angela to talk about it. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Way Up With Angela Yee
WUWY: Way Up With Anita Scipio & The Hip Hop Time Capsule

Way Up With Angela Yee

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 19, 2024 38:08 Transcription Available


Anita Scipio, iHearts mom, has written a book about hip-hop history. She's sitting down with Angela to talk about it. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Way Up With Angela Yee
Anita Scipio Talks New Book Hip Hop Time Capsule, Reflects On Her Viral Moment W/ Will Smith + More

Way Up With Angela Yee

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 19, 2024 12:21 Transcription Available


Anita Scipio Talks New Book Hip Hop Time Capsule, Reflects On Her Viral Moment W/ Will Smith + MoreSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Permaculture Pimpcast
Ep. 268 - The Wolves Within with Scipio Eruditus

Permaculture Pimpcast

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 17, 2024 73:09


Scipio Eruditus New Book - https://wolveswithin.carrd.co/ Scipio Eruditus First Book - https://revolutionanatomy.crd.co/ Dispatches From Reality Substack - https://dfreality.substack.com/ Living Soil Foundation GiveSendGo - https://givesendgo.com/GE2E8?utm_source=sharelink&utm_medium=copy_link&utm_campaign=GE2E8 If you would prefer to send a check: Living Soil Foundation PO Box 2098 Mars Hill, NC 28754 https://linktr.ee/permapasturesfarm Redmond Products - 15% Off -   https://glnk.io/oq72y/permapasturesfarm Promo Code: perma Redemption Shield - 10% Off - https://www.redemptionshield.com/ Promo Code: perma Jonathan Otto's Website:  myredlight.com Promo Code: BBBF - 20% Off Heaven's Harvest - 10% Off - https://heavensharvest.com/ Promo Code: perma Get $50 Off EMP Shield: https://www.empshield.com  Promo Code: perma Harvest Right Freeze Dryer: https://affiliates.harvestright.com/1247.html Online Pig Processing: https://sowtheland.com/online-workshops-1 Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user

Permaculture P.I.M.P.cast
Ep. 268 - The Wolves Within with Scipio Eruditus

Permaculture P.I.M.P.cast

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 17, 2024 73:09


Scipio Eruditus New Book - https://wolveswithin.carrd.co/ Scipio Eruditus First Book - https://revolutionanatomy.crd.co/ Dispatches From Reality Substack - https://dfreality.substack.com/ Living Soil Foundation GiveSendGo - https://givesendgo.com/GE2E8?utm_source=sharelink&utm_medium=copy_link&utm_campaign=GE2E8 If you would prefer to send a check: Living Soil Foundation PO Box 2098 Mars Hill, NC 28754 https://linktr.ee/permapasturesfarm Redmond Products - 15% Off -   https://glnk.io/oq72y/permapasturesfarm Promo Code: perma Redemption Shield - 10% Off - https://www.redemptionshield.com/ Promo Code: perma Jonathan Otto's Website:  myredlight.com Promo Code: BBBF - 20% Off Heaven's Harvest - 10% Off - https://heavensharvest.com/ Promo Code: perma Get $50 Off EMP Shield: https://www.empshield.com  Promo Code: perma Harvest Right Freeze Dryer: https://affiliates.harvestright.com/1247.html Online Pig Processing: https://sowtheland.com/online-workshops-1 Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user

The Wampa’s Lair (A Star Wars Podcast)
Ep.586 – Clone Wars: Clovis Arc

The Wampa’s Lair (A Star Wars Podcast)

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 11, 2024 83:37


We continue Snow Wars in The Wampa's Lair with a journey to Scipio and the return of Rush Clovis! An arc filled with political intrigue, interest rates, and Embo snowboarding on his hat is the recipe for the lowest point in Anakin and Padme's relationship. You won't want to miss this one!

The Pacific War Channel Podcast
The 2nd Punic War

The Pacific War Channel Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Nov 22, 2024 84:28 Transcription Available


Welcome to Echoes of War, the newly revamped podcast formerly known as the Pacific War Podcast. Join Pacific War Craig and Gaurav as they explore military history throughout the ages. In this climactic episode, we delve into the gripping conclusion of the Second Punic War, focusing on the legendary generals Hannibal Barca and Scipio Africanus. As the third part of this mini-series, we recount the events leading up to the decisive Battle of Zama, where the two masterminds finally face off. Discover the political maneuvers, strategic battles, and personal rivalries that defined this historic conflict. From Hannibal's tactical genius to Scipio's bold strategies, this episode provides a captivating overview of one of history's most renowned military showdowns. Join us as we explore the aftermath of Zama, the implications for Rome and Carthage, and the enduring legacy of these legendary figures in military history. Don't miss out on this thrilling episode of Echoes of War!

The Pacific War Channel Podcast
The 2nd Punic War

The Pacific War Channel Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Nov 15, 2024 83:05 Transcription Available


Welcome to the Echoes of War podcast, formerly known as the Pacific War channel. In this riveting episode, hosts Craig and Gaurov delve into the fascinating journey of one of Rome's most celebrated generals, Scipio Africanus. As Rome reels from the devastating defeat at Cannae, Scipio emerges as a beacon of hope, poised to change the tides of the Second Punic War. Join us as we explore Scipio's early life, his prestigious lineage, and his meteoric rise through the Roman political and military ranks. Discover how this young commander, known for his intelligence, culture, and unconventional tactics, managed to rally Rome's forces and take the fight to the Carthaginian heartland. Through strategic brilliance and a unique blend of clemency and diplomacy, Scipio wins over the tribes of Hispania and scores decisive victories against the Carthaginian armies. As the stage is set for the epic confrontation with Hannibal at the Battle of Zama, we delve into the political intrigues and alliances that shaped this pivotal period in history. Don't miss this captivating episode that brings to life the legacy of Scipio Africanus, a leader who redefined Roman warfare and set the course for Rome's dominance in the ancient world. Don't forget I have a Youtube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCbp8JMZizR4zak9wpM3Fvrw/join or my Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/pacificwarchannel where you can get exclusive content like "What if Japan invaded the USSR during WW2?" Don't forget to check out Private Internet Access using my link to receive 83% off, 4 months free with a 30 day money back guarantee ⤵️ https://www.piavpn.com/PacificWarChannel

Warlords of History
Scipio Africanus - Part 7 (The Western Mediterranean Aflame)

Warlords of History

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 23, 2024 87:15


In 215 BC as Scipio witnesses his city's desperate struggle to stave off collapse and rebuild its shattered military, Rome focuses its Legions on holding the line against Hannibal in Campania. Only to see its prospects in the Second Punic War grow darker when two foreign powers, Macedon and Syracuse, form alliances with Carthage to bring the Republic to its knees. Triggering the eruption of new theatres of war engulfing much of the Western Mediterranean and despite some surprising successes abroad, the Romans unable to stop Hannibal from conquering more of southern Italy.  If you would like to support my work directly, you can kindly do so here: patreon.com/warlordsofhistory Check out A History of Italy podcast: ahistoryofitaly.com

Liberty's Highlights
The Cost of Glory with Alex Petkas: Timeless Lessons from Ancient Greece and Rome

Liberty's Highlights

Play Episode Listen Later Sep 27, 2024 98:46


Podcast Notes Playlist: Latest Episodes
#443 – Gregory Aldrete: The Roman Empire – Rise and Fall of Ancient Rome

Podcast Notes Playlist: Latest Episodes

Play Episode Listen Later Sep 22, 2024


Artificial Intelligence Podcast Key Takeaways  The key to understanding Ancient Rome is to understand that it was obsessed with the pastThe Romans were hyper-competitive and cared deeply about their status amongst their peers; their public competitiveness drove themOne of the secrets to Rome's success was its ability to absorb and integrate non-Roman ideas “If we were to write a realistic textbook of the Roman Empire, nine out of ten chapters should be details of what it was like to be a small-time family farmer, because that's what 90% of the people in the ancient world did.” – Gregory AldreteRoman law is perhaps the most significant legacy the empire has left on the modern world; about 90% of the modern world uses some derivation of it The Great Contradiction: Rome's very success made almost every group within Roman society deeply unhappy and boiling with resentmentCaesar succeeded in taking over the state as one man, but he could not solve the problems of ruling Rome as one person and appearing to function as a king  Augustus is one of the most significant individuals in Roman history given he was the one who founded the Roman Empire; he led the transition from the republic to empirePublic speaking was an essential aspect of life in Rome; those who were great orators, such as Cicero, had a great advantage in seeking power and influence While Gladiators were considered low status – because they performed for others – many of them became wildly popular in Roman culture The Five Good Emperors period (96-180 CE) of Roman history is often seen as a high point in Roman history The five emperors were Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, and Marcus AureliusEventually, the Roman Empire became too large to effectively govern; a state of constant civil war ensured, which created a vicious downward cycle for the overall Roman economy that left it poorer and more vulnerable to fragmentationDifferent historians attribute the fall of the Roman Empire to different things, citing the barbarians, Christianity, climate, disease, and moral decline Read the full notes @ podcastnotes.orgGregory Aldrete is a historian specializing in ancient Rome and military history. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep443-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/gregory-aldrete-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback - give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA - submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring - join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other - other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: Gregory's Website: https://gregorysaldrete.com/ Gregory's Books: https://amzn.to/3z6NiKC Gregory's Great Courses Plus: https://www.thegreatcoursesplus.com/gregory-s-aldrete Gregory's Audible: https://adbl.co/4e72oP0 SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts: LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lex AG1: All-in-one daily nutrition drinks. Go to https://drinkag1.com/lex BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling. Go to https://betterhelp.com/lex ExpressVPN: Fast & secure VPN. Go to https://expressvpn.com/lexpod OUTLINE: (00:00) - Introduction (08:38) - Ancient world (22:34) - Three phases of Roman history (25:24) - Rome's expansion (37:04) - Punic wars (45:36) - Conquering Greece (47:14) - Scipio vs Hannibal (50:21) - Heavy infantry vs Cavalry (53:57) - Armor (1:06:48) - Alexander the Great (1:12:49) - Roman law (1:22:29) - Slavery (1:30:09) - Fall of the Roman Republic (1:33:54) - Julius Caesar (1:38:33) - Octavian's rise (1:48:25) - Cleopatra (1:56:47) - Augustus (2:24:57) - Religion in Rome (2:49:03) - Emperors (2:56:10) - Marcus Aurelius (3:02:21) - Taxes (3:05:29) - Fall of the Roman Empire (3:22:41) - Decisive battles (3:46:51) - Hope PODCAST LINKS: - Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast - Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr - Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 - RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ - Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 - Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

Lex Fridman Podcast
#443 – Gregory Aldrete: The Roman Empire – Rise and Fall of Ancient Rome

Lex Fridman Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Sep 12, 2024


Gregory Aldrete is a historian specializing in ancient Rome and military history. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep443-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/gregory-aldrete-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback - give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA - submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring - join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other - other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: Gregory's Website: https://gregorysaldrete.com/ Gregory's Books: https://amzn.to/3z6NiKC Gregory's Great Courses Plus: https://www.thegreatcoursesplus.com/gregory-s-aldrete Gregory's Audible: https://adbl.co/4e72oP0 SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts: LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lex AG1: All-in-one daily nutrition drinks. Go to https://drinkag1.com/lex BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling. Go to https://betterhelp.com/lex ExpressVPN: Fast & secure VPN. Go to https://expressvpn.com/lexpod OUTLINE: (00:00) - Introduction (08:38) - Ancient world (22:34) - Three phases of Roman history (25:24) - Rome's expansion (37:04) - Punic wars (45:36) - Conquering Greece (47:14) - Scipio vs Hannibal (50:21) - Heavy infantry vs Cavalry (53:57) - Armor (1:06:48) - Alexander the Great (1:12:49) - Roman law (1:22:29) - Slavery (1:30:09) - Fall of the Roman Republic (1:33:54) - Julius Caesar (1:38:33) - Octavian's rise (1:48:25) - Cleopatra (1:56:47) - Augustus (2:24:57) - Religion in Rome (2:49:03) - Emperors (2:56:10) - Marcus Aurelius (3:02:21) - Taxes (3:05:29) - Fall of the Roman Empire (3:22:41) - Decisive battles (3:46:51) - Hope PODCAST LINKS: - Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast - Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr - Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 - RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ - Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 - Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

Unfiltered Rise
102. Mystery Babylon, Masonry& Mafia Ties with Scipio Eruditis

Unfiltered Rise

Play Episode Listen Later Sep 8, 2024 73:08


Today we welcome the amazing Scipio Eruditis from the show and substack Dispatches from Reality. Scipio is also an author of the book Anatomy Of A Revolution. Scipio and I take a stroll down Connection Lane. All about ties within the reality "they' have drawn for us. Who are they? What ties and how could this random, seemingly unrelated things have? Well come find out as we lay it all out and condense it for a powerful informational journey! Also as a recommendation I highly suggest you take a look at Scipio's substack. His writing is not only informational but so interesting! Thank You again Scipio Eruditis for coming on and speaking with me! Guest Links Substack: Book: Spotify: Unfiltered Rise Podcast Links Website: Patreon: IG: YouTube: X: TikTok: Merch: Donations: Please subscribe if you haven't all ready and consider supporting my work! There are several books I need and am working towards. A review and subscribing is just as precious if you cannot! Ty to you all! God Bless and all glory to him each and everyday! #christian #scipioeruditis #dispatchesfromreality #masons #freemason #mafia #mystery #babylon #mob #mysteryreligion

De Geschiedenis van het Romeinse Rijk
Afl. 73 - De Tweede Punische Oorlog: Deel XXIII - De Laatste Loodjes

De Geschiedenis van het Romeinse Rijk

Play Episode Listen Later Aug 31, 2024 22:39


In deze aflevering kijken we naar de periode voorafgaand aan de grote slag bij Zama. We zien hoe Scipio op slinkse wijze afrekent met Hasdrubal en Syphax en op die manier het Carthaags bestuur dwingt om Hannibal terug te roepen uit Italië. (204 v. Chr.)De muziek in deze podcastaflevering wordt aan ons beschikbaar gesteld door:Mary Ann Tedstone Glover  en  Integrity PublishingAlbum: 'The Music of Ancient Rome' Nummer: ‘Odi et Amo' Klik hier voor een link naar het albumWord vriend van de show!InstagramTwitterFacebookWord vriend van de show!InstagramTwitterFacebook

Warlords of History
Scipio Africanus - Part 6 (Rome's Greatest Threat)

Warlords of History

Play Episode Listen Later Aug 7, 2024 73:38


With Hannibal having shattered Rome's image as a dominant power at the Battle of Cannae, the cities of southern Italy begin forming alliances with Carthage, bringing the Republic close to collapse in 216 BC. Yet, with the Roman Senate remaining defiant, refusing to accept anything less than total victory in the Second Punic War. Driving them to desperate extremes to assemble new Legions amidst horrific casualties, a ruined economy, food shortages and mass allied defections. This, while Scipio and the surviving troops from Cannae are marched to Campania to prevent the region from falling to Hannibal.  If you would like to support my work directly, you can kindly do so here: patreon.com/warlordsofhistory Check out the Ancient Heroes podcast: ancientheroes.net  

Closing Crawl
Old Clovis Crisis: The Clone Wars Season 6 Episodes 5, 6, and 7

Closing Crawl

Play Episode Listen Later Jul 9, 2024 45:55


Senator Amidala is apparently the only person responsible for aiding refugees, and apparently all money comes from the Banking Clan on Scipio. Amidala and her aide Teckla Minnau travel there and meet old friend, Rush Clovis. Clovis proves his good intentions by sneaking into Padme's bedroom, this bank has security almost as bad as Fortress Inquisitorius ! He explains that the Banking Clan is about to change its name to Bear-Stearns, as the vaults are almost empty.Chancellor Palpatine asks Padme to help Clovis and find out more about the missing money. Padme and Clovis head to his private apartments to make their Ocean's 2 heist plan to steals banking files. Teckla follows through on the play, but is assassinated by Bounty Hunter Embo: RSVP Teckla Minnau!Padme and Clovis review the data, but before they can act Padme is arrested for espionage. The Jedi send Anakin to Scipio to help; once he arrives and learns Clovis is involved, he becomes a raging pit of jealousy. Our heroes manage to escape, but as they do, Embo contacts Darth Sidious, who declares that going forward Sidious will deal with them personally. The space caricatures of ‘international' bankers are meeting in their steampunk lair - oof. Yoda meets Padme, Anakin and Rush Clovis and escorts them to the Chancellors office. Anakin gets possessive and picks a fight with Padme, which Clovis somehow wins simply by not being a raging dick. Obi Wan notices that Anakin is pretty angry, and they almost have a conversation about Anankin and Padme. Anakin outright lies about his relationship with Padme.Padme and Clovis engage in some forensic accounting. Clovis gets grabby. Anakin, who has presumably been using the peeping tom force power, barges in and proceeds to Force Choke Clovis. Clovis gets Anakin to put down his lightsaber and put up his dukes. Security is called and Clovis may be many things, but he aint no snitch. Padme tells Anakin to get lost. Anakin is heartbroken.The Separatists and the Republic vote to allow Clovis to become head of the banking clans (which, what the hell?).  We open on Scipio as the transfer of power to Rush Clovis is about to begin. Dooku Spacetimes(™) with Clovis with demands and threats to raise the interest rates on the Republic, otherwise the Separatists will default on their payments.Padme relays this information to the Senate. Yoda and Chancellor Palpatine both want to investigate Clovis, but in their own ways.  Back on Scipio, the separatists attack Padme's clone escort and Dooku arrives to take control. Padme is captured. Palpatine decides they must declare war on Scipio. Dooku FORCE…S Padme to shoot the separatist senator.  Yoda sends an obviously conflicted Anakin to Scipio. Sidious and Dooku reveal that the banks will be placed under the control of the Supreme Chancelor… their plan all along. Padme warns Clovis that he has lost control. A Vulture droid is shot down and crashes into Clovis' office, causing Padme and Clovis to tumble over the edge. Anakin cannot save them both. Clovis apologizes for all he's done, and sacrifices himself.Palpatine gets control of the banks, but promises to relinquish power once the war is over… A promise I'm sure he'll keep.https://twitter.com/ClosingCrawlhttps://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/closing-crawl/id1530133296https://www.closingcrawl.com/Merch at: https://bit.ly/spacetimetm

Permaculture Pimpcast
Biblical Eschatology with Scipio Eruditis

Permaculture Pimpcast

Play Episode Listen Later Jul 3, 2024 98:58


Dispatches From Reality Podcast - https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/dispatches-from-reality-narrated/ Subscribe to Dispatches From Reality to receive Scipio's free weekly articles:  https://dfreality.substack.com/ https://linktr.ee/permapasturesfarm Homesteaders United Festival - https://homesteadersunited.com/ Get 10% Off Richardson Nutritional Center https://rncstore.com/perma Promo Code: PERMA Get 10% Off Redemption Shield: https://www.redemptionshield.com/ Promo Code: perma Get 10% Off Heaven's Harvest: https://heavensharvest.com/ Promo Code: perma Peaceful Valley Good Bug Blend:  https://www.groworganic.com/#65bab3c48b801 Our Store: https://permapasturesfarm.com/collections/all Hickory Ridge Soap: https://twooldcrowshomestead.com/ Get $50 Off EMP Shield: https://www.empshield.com  Promo Code: perma Harvest Right Freeze Dryer: https://affiliates.harvestright.com/1247.html Permaculture Consultations: https://www.plantingpioneers.com/services Chef Snow:  https://harvesteating.com/ Chef Snow:  https://foodstoragefeast.com/ Online Pig Processing: https://sowtheland.com/online-workshops-1 Music by VanTesla: https://www.youtube.com/c/PermaPasturesFarm21 Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user

Permaculture P.I.M.P.cast
Biblical Eschatology with Scipio Eruditis

Permaculture P.I.M.P.cast

Play Episode Listen Later Jul 3, 2024 98:58


Dispatches From Reality Podcast - https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/dispatches-from-reality-narrated/ Subscribe to Dispatches From Reality to receive Scipio's free weekly articles:  https://dfreality.substack.com/ https://linktr.ee/permapasturesfarm Homesteaders United Festival - https://homesteadersunited.com/ Get 10% Off Richardson Nutritional Center https://rncstore.com/perma Promo Code: PERMA Get 10% Off Redemption Shield: https://www.redemptionshield.com/ Promo Code: perma Get 10% Off Heaven's Harvest: https://heavensharvest.com/ Promo Code: perma Peaceful Valley Good Bug Blend:  https://www.groworganic.com/#65bab3c48b801 Our Store: https://permapasturesfarm.com/collections/all Hickory Ridge Soap: https://twooldcrowshomestead.com/ Get $50 Off EMP Shield: https://www.empshield.com  Promo Code: perma Harvest Right Freeze Dryer: https://affiliates.harvestright.com/1247.html Permaculture Consultations: https://www.plantingpioneers.com/services Chef Snow:  https://harvesteating.com/ Chef Snow:  https://foodstoragefeast.com/ Online Pig Processing: https://sowtheland.com/online-workshops-1 Music by VanTesla: https://www.youtube.com/c/PermaPasturesFarm21 Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user

Warlords of History
Scipio Africanus - Part 5 (The Battle of Cannae)

Warlords of History

Play Episode Listen Later Jun 4, 2024 74:40


With Scipio as the youngest Military Tribune in the largest army ever fielded by the Roman Republic, this incredible force descends upon Apulia where Hannibal and the Carthaginians await. Leading to the Battle of Cannae, fought on August 2, 216 BC, as we dive into the tactics and maneuvers that would ultimately produce Rome's greatest military disaster. Also leaving 8,000 soldiers trapped within the lone standing Roman encampment, the point at which Scipio arose to lead them to safety through a daring night escape, before crushing a plot among the despairing survivors to desert the Republic.    If you would like to support my work directly, you can kindly do so here: patreon.com/warlordsofhistory Check out The Industrial Revolutions podcast: industrialrevolutionspod.com

Josh Monday Christian and Conspiracy Podcast
The Wolves Within Featuring Scripio Eruditus Episode 185

Josh Monday Christian and Conspiracy Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later May 27, 2024 98:38


Go to our You tube to Watch the presentation: (22) JoshMondayMusic and Podcast - YouTube Josh Monday Christian and Conspiracy Podcast Ep. 185 If you want to donate to the Ministry or Buy the Mug Here is our CashAPP: https://cash.app/$Joshmondaymusic Flat Earth Books by Sakal Publishing Affiliate Link: https://booksonline.club/Joshmonday/booksonlineclubref1/40/ Tiktok: Joshmonday_podcast Instagram: Joshmonday_podcast You tube: Joshmondaymusic and Podcast Tips for the show to Support our Ministry: ⁠https://www.buymeacoffee.com/joshmondayj⁠ Coffee Mug Is Available email me your mailing address Joshmonday⁠@rocketmail.com ⁠ Please subscribe to our Spotify and You Tube Channel Joshmondaymusic and Podcast and help us grow so we can keep on spreading the good news. To all of our current and future subscribers thank you for your time, we appreciate you. Please do us a favor subscribe to our You Tube Channel, hit that bell, share, like and comment below on our You tube. Please leave us a 5-Star review on Apple and Spotify. This Week we have Dispatch From Reality Host and Writer Scipio Eruditus. Scipio believes that dispensationalism is a man made doctrine. He does a full presentation showing the wolves in sheep's clothing that brought this doctrine to western civilization. Scipio is awesome presenter and writer please check out his work on his substack below. Tune in to find out what he presents. Scipio's Substack: https://dfreality.substack.com/ Dispatches From Reality:  @ScipioEruditus  --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/josh-monday/message Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/josh-monday/support

A History of Literary Criticism
10: Macrobius, Commentary on the Dream of Scipio

A History of Literary Criticism

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 23, 2024 19:03


Hi everyone, and welcome to the tenth episode of A History of Literary Criticism, a podcast about the history of literary criticism. Today's episode concerns Macrobius' Commentary on the Dream of Scipio. I'll discuss the author biography, social context and Cicero's original text first, the subsequent discussion of Macrobius' work is divided into three parts: philosophers' use of fables, the significance of dreams, and a discussion of Macrobius' broader methodology. I'll then situate Macrobius' work within the framework of Abrams' triangle before discussing its broader impact and, yes, relationship to the work of Sigmund Freud.

Have a Day! w/ The History Wizard
Day 4 - History's First Genocide... Probably

Have a Day! w/ The History Wizard

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 9, 2024 18:55


Content warning for discussion of genocide Episode music can be found here: https://uppbeat.io/track/paulo-kalazzi/heros-time Day 4 will take a deep dive into the Punic Wars and the Sacking of Carthage. The Fall of Carthage is widely considered to be the first recorded genocide in history and we will be looking at the hows the why and the whos of it all. Episode Notes below: Hey, Hi, Hello, this is the History Wizard and welcome back for Day 4 of Have a Day w/ The History Wizard. Thank you to everyone who tuned in for Day 3 last week, and especially thank you to everyone who rated and/or reviewed the podcast. I hope you all learned something last week and I hope the same for this week. This week we're going to be going all the way back to the purported origins of my field of study. This week we're going to be discussing History's first genocide… probably. Remember that genocide require intent to destroy a specific group of people, and the destruction of Carthage during the Third Punic war is the first time in history that was can demonstrate that intent, at least so far. As always we are not going to be diving right into the event itself. All history exists within specific cultural, national, and ethnic contexts. Genocide moreso than any other type of event. No nation just wakes up one day and suddenly decides to go on a mass murder spree. So what caused Rome and Carthage, two states that had been allies and friends for hundreds of years to suddenly fight three wars against each other and ultimately, in the case of Rome, wipe Carthage off the map? Following the Pyrrhic War and throughout the middle of the 3rd century BCE Rome and Carthage because the two preeminent powers of the Mediterranean. During this time Carthage would come to dominate southern Spain, much of the coastal regions of North Africa, the Balearic Islands, Corsica, Sardinia, and the western half of Sicily, in a military and commercial empire. Whereas Rome had subjugated almost the entirety of the Italian peninsula and finally driven the last Greek colonies off of the mainland. In 265 BCE a group of Italian mercenaries called the Mamertines appealed to both Carthage and Rome for aid after they had seized the city of Messana on the island of Sicily (modern day Messina) from the Kingdom of Syracuse. Carthage immediately entered the war, but on the side of Hiero II the King of Syracuse. The Romans, as Romans are wont to do, debated for a while about this. They didn't really want to go to war to support people who had stolen a city from its rightful owner, and as Carthage had already entered on Syracuse's side, entering the war at the Mamertine's request could lead to a war with Carthage. However,  Appius Claudius Caudex filled his fellow senator heads, as well as the heads of the general assembly, with thoughts of booty and plunder. Many of the senators were already arguing that there was a strategic and monetary advantage to gaining a foothold on Sicily. The First Punic War officially began when the first Roman sandal made landfall in 264 BCE. By the way, in case you're wondering why it's called the Punic war, and not the Carthaginian War, Punicus was a term the Romans used to refer to the people of Carthage, hearkening back to their Phonecian origins. When the Romans landed Messana was under siege by the combined forces of the Carthaginians and the armies of Syracuse. Sources are unclear as to why, but first the Syracusans and then the Carthiginians withdrew from the siege. Rome's armies, under the command of Caudex marched south and put Syracuse under siege, but having only brought two legions with them they did not have the forces or supplies for a protracted siege.  Immediately this war was looking to be a bad idea for Rome, as Carthage had nearly overwhelming naval superiority at the beginning of the war. Indeed it is somewhat shocking, at face value, that Rome was able to win the First Punic War as the majority of the 23 year long war was fought on, or very near the water. To try and counter the Carthiginians naval prowess the Romans introduces a device called a corvus to their ships. The corvus was a 4 foot wide and 36 foot long bridge that was attached to the front mast of a Roman quinquereme. It has a large, hooked spike attached to the underside of the front of the bridge and was used to attach Roman ships to Carthiginian ones and allow for swift boarding of enemy vessels. While the corvus did have some measure of success it made Roman ships very front heavy, made them far less maneuverable, and in heavy seas were practically useless. Now, Sicily was a nightmare for an attacking force. Its hilly and remarkably rugged terrain made moving large bodies of troops very difficult. The ground of Sicily heavily favored the defender. In fact, in 23 years of fighting on the island, only two full scale pitched battles were fought.The Battle of Agrigentum in 262, which was a Roman victory, and the Battle of Panormus, which was also a Roman victory. Agrigentum was a particularly interesting case. Both Roman consuls at the time  Quintus Mamilius Vitulus and Lucius Postumius Megellus were in the field with 40,000 Roman soldiers.  A large army has an even larger stomach though, and the consuls had two major problems. First, because of Carthage's naval superiority it was exceedingly difficult to keep their forces supplied by sea. And to compound those issues, neither consul had experience moving around armies of this size. So after seizing Agrirentum, right around harvest season. The consuls dispersed their men to the fields in order to harvest as much food as the possible could. And, of course, that was the moment that Hannibal Grisco (a different Hannibal than the one famous for marching elephants over the Alps) attacked the Roman forces. Rome's forces would rally after this initial assault and rout the Carthiginian forces before besieging and capturing the city, selling 25,000 people into slavery. The war was less direct after Agrigentum for a few years. Rome made failed attempts in Corsica, Sardinia, and Northern Africa. For several years the war followed a pretty simple pattern. Rome was superior on land. Carthage was superior at sea, and sieges sucked for everyone. In 265 BCE Rome gained two new consuls Marcus Atilius Regulus and Lucius Manlius Vulso Longus. Both men, frustrated by the stalemate that was raging on Sicily decided to take the fight to Africa itself. After a series of relatively quick sieges of Aspis and Adys Rome had taken the city of Tunis, this put them only 10 miles away from Carthage itself. Carthage tried to sue for peace, but the terms that Regulus offered were so harsh that Carthage decided to fight on. Rome would actually suffer one of its largest defeats at Tunis, though it wouldn't come from a Carthiginian general. Rome lost to a Spartan mercenary commander Xanthippus. In 255 BC Xanthippus led an army of 12,000 infantry, 4,000 cavalry and 100 elephants against the Romans and defeated them at the Battle of Tunis. Rome would lose much of its fleet and tens of thousands of allied soldiers in various storms around the Mediterranean. There was even a time, following the Battle of Phintias, that it looked like things were finally turning around for Carthage. However, by 248 Carthage only had control over two cities on the island, Lilybaeum and Drepana and both nations' coffers were nearly emptied. Carthage tried to get a 2000 talent (approximately 52,000 kilograms of silver)  loan from Ptolemaic Egypt, but was denied. Rome turned to its wealthiest private citizens. Asking them each to build a single quinquereme and promising repayments from the reparations they would make Carthage pay after the war. It should also bear mentioning that Rome lost about 17% of its fighting age men over the course of this war.  The consuls who finished off the war were Gaius Lutatius Catulus and Quintus Valerius Falto (Rome elected new consuls yearly). These two consuls defeated the last of Carthages fleet in the Battle of Aegates Island. After this battle was finished Rome continued to put pressure on Lilybaeum and Drepana until Carthage decided to sue for peace. The Treaty of Lutatius was signed and brought the First Punic War to its end: Carthage evacuated Sicily, handed over all prisoners taken during the war, and paid an indemnity of 3,200 talents over ten years. This wouldn't end Carthages' woes though. In 237 BC Carthage prepared an expedition to recover the island of Sardinia, which had been lost to the rebels (mostly foreign soldiers they were unable to pay fully after the war) In a fit of cruelty, the Romans stated they considered this an act of war. Their peace terms were the ceding of Sardinia and Corsica and the payment of an additional 1,200-talent indemnity. Weakened by 30 years of war, Carthage agreed rather than enter into a conflict with Rome again; the additional payment and the renunciation of Sardinia and Corsica were added to the treaty as a codicil. The tensions caused by THIS particular bit of tomfuckery would be one of the major determining factors in the start of the Second Punic War. The mark that the First Punic War made on history cannot be understated. It was not only the longest Rman war to date, but it was the most devastating maritime war of the ancient world. Over the course of it Rome built over 1000 ships and would use the skills they learned and honed in this war to rule the seas, virtually uncontested for the next 600 years. Following the First Punic War Carthage turned its eyes to the North. They knew they would need to expand their power base and accrue a much greater store of wealth if they were ever going to stand on equal footing with Rome again. The Italian Peninsula and the surrounding island were off limits, so they turned to Iberia. They would meet Rome again in Iberia, but in 226 the two powers signed the Treaty of Ebro, fixing the River Ebro as the border between the two empires. It's likely that Rome had no intention of maintaining the terms of this treaty as some few years after they established an alliance with the city of Saguntum, a city which existed within the Carthiginian sphere of influence. Hannibal (yes, that one, with the Elephants) saw this as an act of aggression from Rome and besieged the city of Saguntum, eventually seizing it after 8 months of siege. Rome sent Quintus Fabius Maximus to the Carthage senate with peremptory demands. When these were rejected, as Rome knew they would be, war was declared in the spring of 218 BC. The Second Punic War would last for 17 years and would, again, end in victory for Rome. The war got off to somewhat of an odd start. Both Rome and Carthage planned to invade the other, but neither side seemed to really know what the others were doing or where they would be. It's likely, given the way the previous war had gone, that Rome expected a naval attack from Carthage, and so they remained in the south putting together their plan to invade Africa again. Hannibal though had a different plan. He intended to swing up through Iberia, starting in modern Cartagena, cross the Alps, which he did in 15 days, and sweep down on Rome from the North. He successfully crossed the Alps with 20,000 infantry, 6,000 cavalry, and an unknown number of elephants (he'd left Iberia with 37 of them, but it's unclear how many survived the crossing.) Hannibal then proceeded to dog walk the Roman army around Italy for the next two years. The only challenge he really faced was from Quintus Fabius Maximus, nicknamed Cuncator (the Delayer) by his contemporaries for his adoption of the Fabian Strategy. Well, his creation really. The strategy is named after him. The Fabian strategy employs hit and run tactics and seeks to avoid pitched battle. Fabian hoped to use this harrying tactic to enter into a battle of attrition, hoping that Hannibal would run out of supplies and be forced to leave or surrender. In 216 Rome elected two new consuls Gaius Terentius Varro, who advocated pursuing a more aggressive war strategy, and Lucius Aemilius Paullus, who advocated a strategy somewhere between Fabius's and that suggested by Varro. The Senate also authorized the raising of a double sized army, some 86,000 men. The largest Roman army in history at that point. Varro and Paullus lost most of their army in Rome's greatest military disaster, the Battle of Cannae. Some 67,500 Roman troops died in this one battle. This was almost the end for Rome. They almost lost the whole war in that one Battle. Hannibal was supported by Gaulish and Spanish mercenaries, he was up against military incompetents, and he was about to be joined by the King of Macedonia as an ally. In 215 Phillip V launched the First Macedonian War. It was time for Rome to bring back the one man who had stood a chance against Hannibal. It was time to bring back Fabius. Fabius became consul again in 215 BC and was re-elected in 214 BC. Rome, now more desperate than they'd been in a long time also drastically reduced its standards for soldiers. Enrolling slaves, criminals and those who did not meet the usual property qualification. By early 215 BC they were fielding at least 12 legions; by 214 BC 18; and by 213 BC 22. By 212 BC the full complement of the legions deployed would have been in excess of 100,000 men, plus, as always, a similar number of allied troops. The majority were deployed in southern Italy in field armies of approximately 20,000 men each. This was insufficient to challenge Hannibal's army in open battle, but sufficient to force him to concentrate his forces and to hamper his movements. For 11 years after the Battle of Cannae, the war was raged across Southern Italy in a constant give and take as Carthage captured Roman cities, only for them to be recaptured. The fighting in Italy was fierce and seemed to be going mostly in Hannibal's favor, but Italy was not the only theatre of this war. The Iberian Theatre could best be described a a holding action for the first several years. As Rome sought to hold Carthiginian forces in Iberia and prevent them from reinforcing Hannibal by crossing the alps again (although Hannibal's brother Hasdrupal was able to cross the Alps with 35,000 additional troops).  Scipio Africanus was ultimately successful in Iberia, clearing it of Carthiginian control. He almost lost control of the region when the Iberian leaders sought to fight against the Romans who they had just fought with against the armies of Carthage. They'd expected Rome to leave after defeating Carthage here, but Rome wouldn't give up land it held and sent Claudius Nero over to stabilize the situation. This left Iberia under Roman control and Italy fighting for its life against Hannibal and Hasdrubal. In a move of some desperation and no little boldness Rome decided to finally launch its invasion of Africa in 204 BCE led by the famed Scipio Africanus, and after defeating Carthage in two major battles, Carthage elected to sue for peace and recall Hannibal and his brothers from Italy.  Rome and Carthage entered into peace negotiations. The Roman Senate ratified a draft treaty, but because of mistrust and a surge in confidence when Hannibal arrived from Italy, Carthage decided to take one last stab at achieving victory. Thus did the Battle of Zarna begin. Hannibal tried to use a charge of 80 elephants to break Rome's lines, but Rome was able to turn the charge back and the elephants wound up devastating their own forces. The new peace treaty dictated by Rome stripped Carthage of all of its overseas territories and some of its African ones. An indemnity of 10,000 talents of silver was to be paid over 50 years and hostages were taken. Carthage was forbidden to possess war elephants and its fleet was restricted to ten warships. It was prohibited from waging war outside Africa and in Africa only with Rome's permission. And so there would be peace for 50 years. Sort of, but not really. Carthage finished paying off their indemnity in 151, 50 years after the end of the Second Punic War and was, once again, economically prosperous. They were, really, no military threat to Rome anymore, but many Roman senators refused to believe that. Most famous of which was the senator Marcus Porcius Cato, also known as Cato the Censor. Cato had been part of an assembly sent to Carthage in around 153 BCE and notes how wealthy and prosperous it seemed. He was famous for ending all of his speeches before the senate with the phrase Ceterum (autem) censeo Carthaginem esse delendam ("Furthermore, I consider that Carthage must be destroyed"), which is often shortened to merely Carthago delenda est (Carthage must fall). In 149 BCE Rome sent its armies to Carthage, under the pretext of a punitive expedition because Carthage was allegedly engaging in illicit military operations. The Third Punic War, which lasted for a mere three years, really only had the one major engagement. That being the Siege of Carthage, which would eventually be led by Scipio Aemilianus, the adoptive grandson of Scipio Africanus. Initially Carthage tried to surrender and, indeed, surrendered all of their weapons. But Rome would not be swayed by this. They wanted Carthage destroyed, and ultimately it would be. The early years of the siege saw little success. Carthage was a hard city to besiege, and it still had some allies in the region. So in addition to contending with the city itself, Roman forces needed to be on guard for allied towns and cities who would try to come to Carthage's aid. After 3 years though it would end in a single week of some of the most horrific slaughter of the ancient world. In Spring of 146 Scipio launched a full scale adult on the harbor area and successfully breached the walls of Carthage. Over six days, the Romans systematically worked their way through the residential part of the city, killing everyone they encountered and setting the buildings behind them on fire. The city was razed to the ground, over 700,000 people were killed, including women and children, and some 50,000 survivors were sold into slavery. The next part of the story that you might know, if you know this story at all, is that Scipio then proceeded to salt the earth around Carthage so that nothing would ever grow there again. This story is almost certainly apocryphal. Which is fancy historian speak for “full of shit”. There are no ancient sources for this event. The salting story entered the academic literature in Bertrand Hallward's article in the first edition of the Cambridge Ancient History (1930), and was widely accepted as factual. What IS factual though is that Rome committed genocide in sacking Carthage. There was a clear and deliberate plan to destroy every single vestige of the people of Carthage, either through mass slaughter or slavery. There was clear intent to destroy planned and carried out by the duly elected leader of Rome and its armies. It literally doesn't get any more clear than this. Intent was vocally demonstrated by Cato and physically carried out by Scipio. That's it for this week my friend. Thank you for coming with me on this educational foray into the past. We've got some more reviews to read for this week, so let's jump right into them. *Read Reviews* Have a Day! w/ The History Wizard is brought to you by me, The History Wizard. PLease remember to rate, review, and subscribe to Have a Day! On your pod catcher of choice. The more you do, the more people will be able to listen and learn along with you. Thank you for sticking around until the end and, as always, Have a Day.

A History of Literary Criticism
9: Augustine of Hippo

A History of Literary Criticism

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 9, 2024 23:44


Welcome to the ninth episode of A History of Literary Criticism. Today's episode concerns two sections from Augustine of Hippo's works On Christian Doctrine and The Trinity. I'll discuss a little of the author biography first, then the main part of the episode is divided into four parts: Augustine's theory of interpretation, the relationship between intention and language outlined in the texts, the importance of knowledge to Augustine's theorisations, and the role of communication. Then, to Abrams' triangle! And the implications of Augustine's work for Ferdinand de Saussure's theory of language. Next week's episode will be dedicated to Macrobius' Commentary on the Dream of Scipio.

Warlords of History
Scipio Africanus - Part 4 (Deficits in the Roman High Command)

Warlords of History

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 8, 2024 82:24


As Scipio takes part in Rome's zealous religious efforts to turn the tide of the Second Punic War, the Republic fails to look inwards, seeing the deficits among its Generals. That Hannibal continues to exploit, invading Central Italy before drawing the Legions into a devastating ambush at the Battle of Lake Trasimene. Driving Rome to adopt the Fabian Strategy to stop the Carthaginian threat, that although promising, is quickly tossed aside in 216 BC. As Rome begins amassing an unprecedented force to deliver a knockout blow to Hannibal, with Scipio as the youngest Military Tribune therein.    If you would like to support my work directly, you can kindly do so here: patreon.com/warlordsofhistory Check out The Second World War podcast: The Second World War I'm proud to announce that Warlords of History has been included on Feedspot's list of the Best Military History Podcasts to follow in 2024. You can access the entire list here: podcasts.feedspot.com/military_history_podcasts

The Med History Podcast
Carthage: The Final Confrontation

The Med History Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 28, 2024 75:31


Scipio emerges victorious from Spain and invades Africa. Hannibal is recalled from Italy to defend his homeland. On the plains of Zama, the armies of Rome and Carthage fight in history's ultimate showdown that will determine the future of the Mediterranean world.

Permaculture Pimpcast
Bonus Episode - Scipio Eruditus

Permaculture Pimpcast

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 20, 2024 95:06


https://linktr.ee/permapasturesfarm Scipio Eruditus Podcast - Dispatches From Reality - https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/dispatches-from-reality-narrated/id1713782728 Mountain Readiness Tickets (May 3 -5):  https://www.mountainreadiness.com/?ref=RUYSE0gacZA9W5 Get 10% Off Redemption Shield: https://www.redemptionshield.com/ Promo Code: perma Food Forest in a Box: https://www.thetexasboys.com/food-forest-in-a-box Promo Code: Perma Survival Education: https://www.mountainreadiness.com/?ref=RUYSE0gacZA9W5 Scrapsteading: https://www.scrapsteading.com Our Store: https://www.permapasturesfarm.com/store-1 Hickory Ridge Soap: https://twooldcrowshomestead.com/ Get $50 Off EMP Shield: https://www.empshield.com  Promo Code: perma Harvest Right Freeze Dryer: https://affiliates.harvestright.com/1247.html Permaculture Consultations: https://www.plantingpioneers.com/services Chef Snow:  https://harvesteating.com/ Chef Snow:  https://foodstoragefeast.com/ Online Pig Processing: https://sowtheland.com/online-workshops-1 Music by VanTesla: https://www.youtube.com/c/PermaPasturesFarm21 Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user

Permaculture P.I.M.P.cast
Bonus Episode - Scipio Eruditus

Permaculture P.I.M.P.cast

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 20, 2024 95:06


https://linktr.ee/permapasturesfarm Scipio Eruditus Podcast - Dispatches From Reality - https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/dispatches-from-reality-narrated/id1713782728 Mountain Readiness Tickets (May 3 -5):  https://www.mountainreadiness.com/?ref=RUYSE0gacZA9W5 Get 10% Off Redemption Shield: https://www.redemptionshield.com/ Promo Code: perma Food Forest in a Box: https://www.thetexasboys.com/food-forest-in-a-box Promo Code: Perma Survival Education: https://www.mountainreadiness.com/?ref=RUYSE0gacZA9W5 Scrapsteading: https://www.scrapsteading.com Our Store: https://www.permapasturesfarm.com/store-1 Hickory Ridge Soap: https://twooldcrowshomestead.com/ Get $50 Off EMP Shield: https://www.empshield.com  Promo Code: perma Harvest Right Freeze Dryer: https://affiliates.harvestright.com/1247.html Permaculture Consultations: https://www.plantingpioneers.com/services Chef Snow:  https://harvesteating.com/ Chef Snow:  https://foodstoragefeast.com/ Online Pig Processing: https://sowtheland.com/online-workshops-1 Music by VanTesla: https://www.youtube.com/c/PermaPasturesFarm21 Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user

Warlords of History
Scipio Africanus - Part 3 (Dark Omens and Ill Tidings)

Warlords of History

Play Episode Listen Later Feb 5, 2024 92:27


With Hannibal continuing to tip the scales of power in the Po Valley, the young Scipio bears witness to treacherous setbacks as Rome's authority in the region unravels. Before being forced to abandon the north due to Hannibal's crushing defeat of the Roman Legions at the Battle of the Trebia in late 218 BC. Resulting in Scipio retreating to Rome to find his city feverishly raising new armies, however with the populace also deeply unsettled by a series of dark omens sent from the gods. Soon cascading into a sense of panic, upon learning the news of another military disaster at the Battle of Lake Trasimene. If you would like to support my work directly, you can kindly do so here: patreon.com/warlordsofhistory  Check out the So There I Was podcast: sothereiwas.us

Podcast episodes – The Secret History of Western Esotericism Podcast (SHWEP)
Macrobius and the Commentary on Scipio’s Dream

Podcast episodes – The Secret History of Western Esotericism Podcast (SHWEP)

Play Episode Listen Later Jan 18, 2024 49:09


We explore the rich seam of late-antique esoteric lore that is Macrobius' Commentary on the Dream of Scipio. We discuss who Macrobius was, what he wrote, what he wrote about, and introduce who read him later on. He emerges as a crucial transmitter of astrologised, arithmologically-informed Platonism to the Latin west in the middle ages.

De Geschiedenis van het Romeinse Rijk
Afl. 72 - De Tweede Punische Oorlog: Deel XXII - Afrika

De Geschiedenis van het Romeinse Rijk

Play Episode Listen Later Jan 1, 2024 34:31


In deze aflevering zien we hoe het Hannibal vergaat in Italië na de slag bij Cannae en in het bijzonder kijken we naar de jaren vanaf 210 v. Chr. - 204 v. Chr.Verder zien we problemen voor Scipio tijdens de voorbereiding van zijn invasie wat hem dwingt een moeilijke keuze te maken én zien we hoe Scipio meteen in de problemen geraakt wanneer hij voet aan wal zet in Afrika. Word vriend van de show!InstagramTwitterFacebook

De Geschiedenis van het Romeinse Rijk
Afl. 71 - De Tweede Punische Oorlog: Deel XXI - Consul Scipio

De Geschiedenis van het Romeinse Rijk

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 29, 2023 22:43


Tijdens deze afleveringen kijken we naar de gebeurtenissen aan de vooravond van de invasie van Afrika in 205 - 204 v. Chr. De muziek in deze podcastaflevering wordt aan ons beschikbaar gesteld door:Mary Ann Tedstone Glover  en  Integrity PublishingAlbum: 'The Music of Ancient Rome' Nummer: ‘Odi et Amo' Klik hier voor een link naar het albumWord vriend van de show!InstagramTwitterFacebook

Living Her Next Phase Podcast
EP 27. I Love Everything About Me with Author Fatima Scipio

Living Her Next Phase Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 12, 2023 52:19


When a woman is on a mission to bring all of her dreams to fruition, she is unstoppable. But often, she has to set aside her personal ambitions when her family, specifically her children, need her. Her dreams become deferred; however, it's usually for a finite time. When those children are almost out of the door and on their way to the next phase of their own independent lives, she dusts off her list and begins to tackle everything on it with great fervor. Fatima Scipio is an accomplished businesswoman who has authored four books, leads a media company, runs an organization that empowers young girls and leads a flourishing career in nonprofit management. Much success has come her way, however, in the true sense of motherhood, she recalls the time that she had to set her career aside to give her son her undivided attention and ensure that she was instrumental in establishing his path to success. She wanted the honor of getting to know more about him and being very present in all aspects of his life. Author Fatima Scipio recently published her new children's book entitled I Love Everything About Me. This book is on fire and the reviews are outstanding. Parents of young girls are loving the content and illustrations that all resonate so beautifully with their daughters. Here's what we discuss during the interview: 1) Her reliance on faith to determine what she is called to do 2) Temporarily leaving her career to be more present with her son 3) Leveraging her superpowers to achieve success 4) Inspiration for writing her new children's book 5) Overcoming fears to get what she wants Learn more about this chic busy mom who is doing it all. You can follow Author Fatima Scipio here: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/fatimascipio/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/fatimascipio To purchase "I Love Everything About Me" book, visit Amazon or Barnes & Noble. Bri Cobb is the founder of Living Her Next Phase, a community of women who boldly, daringly and courageously start anew to get what they want and live their most fulfilling lives ever. She is a former corporate executive turned entrepreneur, who prioritized her family and lost sight of her own goals along the way. Bri now inspires women to go after the things they put on hold for years and speaks to women about being more selfish to avoid losing themselves along their journeys. Her kids will soon leave the nest, so she is planning and living her own next phase.

The EdUp Experience
751: Education Levers - with Alicia Levi⁠, President & CEO, ⁠Reading Is Fundamental (RIF⁠), & ⁠Sam Di Scipio⁠, Senior Director, Corporate Communications, Social Impact, ⁠Macy's

The EdUp Experience

Play Episode Listen Later Nov 28, 2023 42:06


It's YOUR time to #EdUp In this episode,  YOUR guests are Alicia Levi, President & CEO, Reading Is Fundamental (RIF), & Sam Di Scipio, Senior Director, Corporate Communications, Social Impact, Macy's YOUR guest cohost is Dr. Chris Matheny⁠⁠, President of ⁠⁠Fox Valley Technical College⁠⁠ YOUR host is Dr. Bill Pepicello⁠⁠, Former ⁠⁠University of Phoenix⁠⁠ President & host of ⁠⁠EdUp Insights⁠⁠ YOUR sponsors are The Middle States Commission on Higher Education (MSCHE) & InsightsEDU  What does Alicia mean when she talks about education levers? How does RIF work with Macy's, & higher education? What can YOU do to get involved? Listen in to #EdUp! Thank YOU so much for tuning in. Join us on the next episode for YOUR time to EdUp! Connect with YOUR EdUp Team - Elvin Freytes & Dr. Joe Sallustio ● Join YOUR EdUp community at The EdUp Experience! We make education YOUR business! --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/edup/message

Warlords of History
Scipio Africanus - Part 2 (The Second Punic War Begins)

Warlords of History

Play Episode Listen Later Nov 6, 2023 98:31


While fighting the Gallic tribes to assert control over northern Italy, the Roman Republic becomes distracted to the power that Carthage begins amassing in Spain. Until the legendary Carthaginian General, Hannibal Barca, storms onto the scene to ignite the Second Punic War. In 218 BC, leading his army in an incredible march to ultimately burst through the Alps and invade Italy, before delivering a stinging defeat upon the Romans at the Battle of Ticinus. Where the young Scipio would lay witness to Hannibal's terrifying tactical genius, yet bravely charge into the battle to save his father's life.  If you would like to support my work directly, you can kindly do so here: patreon.com/warlordsofhistory  Check out the Warrior Legacy Podcast: Warrior Legacy Podcast  

Deep into History
Versus: Scipio's Dream

Deep into History

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 23, 2023 39:03


Come dream with me as we go Deep into the year 51 BCE and embark on a spiritual quest to save The Republic of Rome. Please support the show: https://www.patreon.com/deepintohistory

LOST ROMAN HEROES
Lost Roman Heroes - Episode 11: Scipio Africanus (Part 2)

LOST ROMAN HEROES

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 22, 2023 72:48


The grand clash of Titans between Scipio and Hannibal, Roman and Carthage, that would determine supremacy of the Mediterranean.  Scipio shows his quality on and off the battlefield, and perhaps the old generals find peace after war.

LOST ROMAN HEROES
Lost Roman Heroes - Episod 10: Scipio Africanus (Part 1)

LOST ROMAN HEROES

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 15, 2023 72:34


SCIPIO AFRICANUS!  History remembers his nemesis, Hannibal, as the GOAT.  Why do they not remember this humble young man who watched his father fall in battle, and after learning from his mortal enemies, while most of Rome cowered behind the walls, took the fight to Carthage?  In Part 1 of this special 2 part series on Scipio, he steps onto the stage and ejects Carthage from Spain, setting up the final showdown with Hannibal (coming in Part 2).

LOST ROMAN HEROES
Lost Roman Heroes - Episode 9: Fabius

LOST ROMAN HEROES

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 8, 2023 73:02


Cunctator, 'the Delayer', was a tricky character.  Hannibal's original Roman nemesis, with a big wart on his upper lip, he did the Republic a grand service, before turning cranky in the end and opposing Scipio.  This might be our biggest challenge yet.

The ADHD Lounge
Introductions

The ADHD Lounge

Play Episode Listen Later Sep 20, 2023 31:05


Episode 1: Introductions Welcome to The ADHD Lounge podcast! Whether you're someone with ADHD or a learning disability, or just curious to learn more, come hang out with us in the Lounge! We're your hosts, Katy Weber & Alex Gilbert. In our very first episode of The ADHD Lounge podcast, we introduce ourselves and share how we started our brand-new all-in-one coaching community. We're also joined by our amazing virtual assistant, Carissa di Scipio. In addition to talking about how ADHD has impacted our lives, we also outline some of the key components of our coaching community, including co-working sessions or "body doubling" sessions, live Q&A sessions with the hosts, and monthly roundtable discussions featuring experts on various topics related to ADHD. To find out more about the coaching community, head to TheADHDLounge.com. Follow us on Instagram: @theadhdlounge Episode edited by E Podcast Productions

adhd scipio alex gilbert katy weber e podcast productions
The Fact Hunter
Episode 193: 9/11 Interview with Scipio Eruditus

The Fact Hunter

Play Episode Listen Later Sep 12, 2023 102:12


As we continue our 9/11 week, we talk to Scipio about the occult, symbology and numerology side of September 11th. Scipio has a fantastic SubStack, "Dispatches from Reality". You can check it out here:https://dfreality.substack.comYou can also reach out to him via email at ScipioEruditus@proton.meEmail us: thefacthunter.comWebsite: thefacthunter.comShow notes:Aleister Crowleyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleister_CrowleyPauline Robinson (1896-1949)https://familypedia.fandom.com/wiki/Pauline_Robinson_(1896-1949)9/11 Numerologyhttp://www.atlanteanconspiracy.com/2008/09/911-numerology.html

The Teacher of Liberty Podcast
Episode 18: Will There Be Mourners at the Funeral?

The Teacher of Liberty Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Aug 29, 2023 65:05


Hannibal. Carthage. Rome. Hamilcar Barca. Second Punic War. Battle of Saguntum. Battle of Lake Trasimene. Battle of Canae. Battle of Zama. Scipio. Quintus Fabius. Fabian. Delay. George Washington the "American Fabius." Elephants. Unladen African elephants. Laden African elephants. Donner and Blitzen. Thunder and lightning. Crepes. Pancakes. Alps. Really? Over the Alps? Huh. Well, that won't end well. Or will it? (dum, dum, dum). Dictator. Altar. You win battles, but you don't know how to use your victories. Cartagena. Hasrubal. It's only important if it hurts you. You'll only complain when YOUR liberty is taken, ignoring it when its somebody else's. #hannibal #hannibalbarca #secondpunicwar #punicwars #elephants #alps #fabius #fabiantactic #battleofcanae #battleoflaketrasimene #battleofzama #battleofsarguntum #scipio #livy #polybius #romanhistory #historyofcarthage #truehistory #history #tyranny #ancienthistory #rome #ancientrome #worldhistory #hamilcarbarca #resistance #principiisobsta #latin Sources: Livy, History of Rome Polybius, Histories

The Podcast of the Lotus Eaters
PREVIEW: Symposium #31 | Cicero and Natural Law

The Podcast of the Lotus Eaters

Play Episode Listen Later Aug 10, 2023 46:53


Stelios and Beau discuss Cicero's Laws. They touch upon Cicero's active defence of Roman republicanism, his views on natural law and justice, and the infamous dream of Scipio.

The Podcast of the Lotus Eaters
PREVIEW: Symposium #11 | The Republic of Cicero

The Podcast of the Lotus Eaters

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 23, 2023 34:16


After a brief discussion of Cicero's political career and of his philosophical commitments, we focus on Cicero's Republic. We begin with Cicero's criticism of the Epicurean approach to Politics. Then, we proceed to discuss the problems with simple form of governments, and the desirability of a republican system of institutional checks and balances. We move to a discussion of the nature of justice and the salience of laws for maintaining a social order. We end with a discussion of the dream of Scipio, the beautiful ending of Cicero's text.